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Geology of the Eddyville, Stonefort, and Creal Springs Quadrangles, Southern Illinois

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Geology of the Eddyville, Stonefort, and Creal Springs Quadrangles, Southern Illinois ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL 557 IL6b SURVflfc UBRAR? no. 96 GEOLOGY OF THE EDDYVILLE, STONEFORT, AND CREAL SPRINGS QUADRANGLES, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS Department of Energy and Natural Resources ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 96 1991 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/geologyofeddyvil96nels GEOLOGY OF THE EDDYVILLE, STONEFORT, AND CREAL SPRINGS QUADRANGLES, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS W. John Nelson, Joseph A. Devera, Russell J. Jacobson, Donald K. Lumm, Russel A. Peppers, Brian Trask, C. Pius Weibel, Leon R. Fbllmer, and Matthew H. Riggs Illinois State Geological Survey Steven P. Esling, Elizabeth D. Henderson, and Mary S. Lannon Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL BULLETIN 96 1991 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Morris W. Leighton, Chief 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 _A CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Location and Climate Topography Geologic Setting Previous Studies Method of Study STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BEDROCK Cambrian Through Devonian Systems Mississippian System Clore Formation Degonia Formation Kinkaid Limestone Chesterian Undifferentiated Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Contact Pennsylvanian System Caseyville Formation Abbott Formation Spoon Formation Carbondale Formation SURFICIAL GEOLOGY Physiography Methodology Field Methods Laboratory Methods Construction of Stack-Unit Map Stratigraphy Lithostratigraphic Units: Upland Formations 47 Lithographic Units: Valley Formations 53 Pedostratigraphic Units Resources Land Use Appendix A STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS Structural Features Shawneetown Fault Zone Lusk Creek Fault Zone McCormick Anticline New Burnside Anticline Battle Ford Syncline Bay Creek Syncline Geophysical Expression of Anticlines Origin of McCormick and New Burnside Anticlines Time of Deformation of Anticlines Little Cache Fault Zone Other Structures Mineral Deposits Coal Oil and Gas Fluorspar and Related Minerals Stone, Sand, and Gravel REFERENCES 1 Figures 1 I ocation map 2 Regional geologic setting of stud) area 3 Ski'ti li ol north-south profile through Eddyville Quadrangle 4 Graphic column ol C hesterian Series in study area 5 Graphic logo! Alcoa tesl hole, Eddyville Quadrangle 6 Generalized stratigraphic column of bedrock units exposed in study area 7 Formations! nomenclature ol the Pennsylvanian System in the Illinois B.isin 8 typical Null exposure ol Battery Rock Sandstone 9 Measured sections of ( aseyville Formation 10 Type section ol Abbott Formation, Stonefort Quadrangle 1 ( ieneralized stratigraphic cross section ol Abbott Formation, I ddyville and Creal Springs Quadrangles 12 Composite section ol basal Abbott shale and sandstone sequence, Eddyville Quadrangle 13 typical planar-bedded sandstone ol the lower Abbott Formation, I ddyville Quadrangle 14 lateral fades change in middle and lower part of Abbott Formation in Dixon Springs Graben 1^ Trace fossil Conostichus in middle Abbott Formation, Creal Springs Quadrangle 16 Murray bluff Sandstone al its maximum development, Eddy- ville Quadrangle 17 Liesegang banding in Murray Bluff Sandstone 18 Railroad cut showing upward lithologic changes in basal Spoon Formation 19 Profile of railroad cut south of Oidtown, showing New Burn- side Anticline 20 Sketch of surface mine highwall, showing New Burnside Coal, Creal Springs Quadrangle 21 Strata exposed on highwall of Western Mining Company surface mine, Stonefort Quadrangle 22 Section in abandoned railroad cut at type locality of Carrier Mills Shale Member, Spoon Formation 23 Carrier Mills Shale Member at type locality shown in figure 22 24 Composite section of strata exposed in and near Brown Brothers Excavating Company mines 25 Stratigraphic classification of Quaternary deposits in study area 26 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring ED8, and general locations of borings mentioned in chapter 27 Cross section showing distribution of Quaternary units in the Sugar Creek valley 28 Cross section showing distribution of Quaternary units in the Pond Creek valley 29 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS20 30 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring SF3 31 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS25 32 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS27 33 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS24 34 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring SF14 35 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring SF26 36 Cross section showing distribution of Quaternary units in Little Saline River valley Figures 37 Structural features of study area 38 Profile of Lusk Creek Fault Zone, Section 31, T11S, R6E 39 Profile of Lusk Creek Fault Zone, SW, Section 35, T11S, R6E 40 Profile of Lusk Creek Fault Zone southwest of Lost 40 Mine 41 Interpreted history of Lusk Creek Fault Zone 42 Cross section of McCormick structure and Winkleman Fault 43 Cross section through fault on McCormick Anticline 44 Sketch of field relationships, Eddyville Quadrangle 45 Cross-section sketch of field relationships west of McCormick 46 Rose diagrams of joint orientations along and south of McCormick Anticline 47 Profile of New Burnside structure on west side of Blackman Creek, Eddyville Quadrangle 48 Profile of New Burnside structure where it crosses Battle Ford Creek, Eddyville Quadrangle 49 Profile of hillside east of ravine in Eddyville Quadrangle 50 Fault surface exposed by mining in Brown Brothers Excavating No. 2 Mine north of Eddyville Quadrangle 51 Trace-slip fault in Stonefort Quadrangle 52 Rose diagrams of joint orientations on and near New Burnside Anticline, Eddyville Quadrangle 53 Residual vertical magnetic intensity in and adjacent to study area 54 Cross section in western Maryland and West Virginia 55 Profile in Ruhr coal basin, West Germany, showing deformation of Upper Carboniferous strata 56 Example of foreland detachment structure in Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma 57 Hypothetical origin of McCormick and New Burnside Anti- clines and associated faults 58 Sketch of east side of railroad cut south of tunnel portal, Stonefort Quadrangle, showing north-dipping thrust faults Tables 1 COGEOMAP cored test holes in study area 5 2 Thickness of strata in selected deep wells in and near study area 8 3 Oil test holes in study area 10 4 Thickness of Caseyville Formation in study area 17 5 Analytical data on coal in study area 36 6 Relation between modern soil series and map units of this study 46 7 Locations of borings 50 Stratigraphic columns of cored test holes and measured sections in and near Eddyville, Stonefort, and Creal Spring Quadrangles _A ABSTRACT The Eddyville, Stonefort, and Creal The overlying Abbott Formation, Cahokia Alluvium occupies stream Springs 7.5-Minute Quadrangles of late Morrowan and Atokan age, valleys throughout the region. are in southern Saline and William- thickens eastward from 220 to 400 Structurally, the region lies on the son and northern Johnson and Pope feet across the study area. The Abbott southern margin of the Illinois Basin; Counties, Illinois. Most of the study consists of numerous sandstone bedrock strata dip regionally north- area is within the Shawnee Hills bodies, more lenticular than those of ward. Folds and faults in the report section of the Interior Low Plateaus the Caseyville, interbedded, and area represent three major episodes physiographic province; the north- intertonguing with gray to black of deformation. The first was normal ern edge is in the Central Lowlands shale, siltstone, and local coal. faulting related to rifting that oc- province. Sedimentary rocks of Abbott sandstones are mineralogi- curred near the end of Precambrian Mississippian and Pennsylvanian cally less mature than Caseyville time along the Shawneetown and age crop out in the Shawnee Hills, sandstones and generally lack quartz Lusk Creek Fault Zones at the south- and Pleistocene glacial deposits cover pebbles. The proportion of sand- eastern corner of the map area. The Pennsylvanian bedrock in the Cen- stone in the Abbott increases east- second was Permian (?) compression, tral Lowlands. ward. Shale and siltstone in the which induced high-angle reverse Exposed Mississippian rocks are Abbott locally contain abundant trace faulting in the Lusk Creek Fault Zone assigned to the Clore and Degonia fossils, some indicating marine and detached thrusting and folding Formations and the Kinkaid Lime- sedimentation; some marine body in the McCormick and New Burnside stone, all of upper Chesterian age. fossils have also been found. The Anticlines. The third event was The Clore contains 95 to 155 feet of Abbott is interpreted as consisting Triassic or Jurassic (?) extension, shale, sandstone, and limestone, of mostly of subaqueous deposits of a during which earlier formed reverse which the upper 30 feet is exposed. series of deltas that prograded west- faults underwent normal movement The Degonia consists of 20 to 64 feet ward and southwestward. and many new normal faults were of shale, siltstone, and very fine- The lower Desmoinesian Spoon formed. The McCormick Anticline grained sandstone. The Kinkaid, 85 Formation thickens eastward from may have begun to rise during to 230 feet thick, consists of lime- 200 to 300 feet. In comparison with Morrowan and Atokan sedimenta- stone, shale, claystone, and sand- the Abbott, the Spoon contains less tion; evidence for the uplift includes stone. A prominent unconformity sandstone, more
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