JLOGY OF THE WALTERSBURG QUADRANGLE

POPE COUNTY, ILLINOIS

W Joh Ne ls on W ib l . C . Piu s e e n

Oliv e r St v P . Eslin Lynne B . e en g

Department of Energy and Natural Resources ILLINOISSTATEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN 98 1993

GEOLOGY OF THE WALTERSBURG QUADRANGLE

POPE COUNTY , ILLINOIS

i l W Joh N ls o C . Piu s We be . n e n Illinois Sta te Geological Survey

liv r St v P . Eslin Lynne B . O e e en g Southern Illinois Univ ersity at Carbondale

BULLETIN 98 1993

ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W i rris . L i Mo e ghton, Ch ef 615 East Peabody Drive a i 61820—69 Ch mpa gn, IL 64 Cover photo Pounds Sandstone Member of the Caseyville Formation southwest f R k P We b l o oc in Pope County (photo by C . ius i e )

Printed by authority of the State of Illinois/ 1993/ 1200 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Location Physiography Geologic Setting Previous Studies Method of Study BEDROCK STRATIGRAPHY Mississippian System Undifferentiated Pope Group Golconda Formation Ha rdinsburg Sandstone Glen Dean Limestone Tar Springs Sandstone Vi enna Limestone Waltersburg Formation Menard Limestone Palestine Sandstone Clore Formation De gonia Formation Kinkaid Limestone Mississippian— Pennsylvanian Unconformity Pennsylvanian System Caseyville Formation " Wayside Member Battery Rock Sandstone Member " " Drury Member Pounds Sandstone Member Tradewater Formation Lower shale and sandstone member Middle sandstone member Upper shaley member SURFICIAL GEOLOGY Introduction Methodology Field Methods Laboratory Methods Construction of the Stack-Uni t Map Stratigraphy Lithostratigraphic Units: Upland Formations Oak formation Roxana Silt Peoria Silt Peyton Formation Lithostratigraphic Units: Valley Formations Equality Formation Cahokia Alluvium Pedostratigraphic Units Sangamon Soil Farmdale Soil Buncombe Soil Resources Land Use Waste Disposal General Construction Seismic Risk STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Lusk Cre ek Fault Zone Raum Fault Zone Hobbs Creek Fault Zone Flick Branch Fault Other Faults History and Origin of Faulting ECONOMIC GEOLOGY Fluorspa r Limestone Sandstone Clay Petroleum Coal REFERENCES

r i i i r r COGEOMAP Coope at ve Geolog cal Mapp ng P og am ( ) , January 1993 Cultural features and drainages of the Waltersburg Quadrangle Map showing major structural features and the Illinois -Kentucky Fluorspar District in the vicinity of the Waltersburg Quadrangle 1 W ll G raphi c column of Abner Field No . e

r . 1 W G raphic column of US . Gove nment No ell W ll G raphic column of Truebger No . 3 e G raphi c column of COGEOMAP W-3 Well Basal chert bed of Degonia Formation G raphic column of Goreville Limestone Member of Kinkaid Limestone from an abandoned quarry

F r r i i Graphic column of U S. o est Se v ce Eddyv lle guard station well Field sketch of deformed shale and thin bedded " " sandstone in Wayside member of Caseyville Formation G raphic column of COGEOMAP W- l Well G raphic column of COGEOMAP W-2 Well

" G raphic column of Drury member of Caseyv ille Formation Pounds Sandstone Member of Caseyville Formation G raphic columns of measured sections in the Tradewater Formation within the Dix on Springs G raben Stratigraphic classification of the Quaternary deposits in the Waltersburg Quadrangle General locations of borings Vertical distri bution of clay minerals and particle Si for ri W2 W7 W3 W16 W17 zes bo ngs , , , , and Cross section showing the distribution of the Quaterna ry units in Flat Lick Valley Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle iz for ri W10 WIZ W9 s es bo ngs , , and Cross sections of Lusk Creek Fault Zone Cross sections of Raum Fault Zone Field sketch of deformed Tradewater strata in a stream bank Interp retive sketch of deformed Pounds Sandstone and Tradewater strata Origin of upthrown and downthrown slices in Lusk Creek Fault Zone Interp retive structural history of the Waltersburg Quadrangle

Location of wells used for bedrock study Relation between modern soil series and Quaternary map units Locations of borings Chemical analyses of of channel sample of Tunnel Coal

i SGS r r i i l The US . r Geolog cal Su vey (U ), unde the Coope at ve Geolog ca Map i r r COGEOMAP r i i i r for r r h p ng P og am ( ), p ov ded s gn ficant suppo t the esea c r r 1 1 1 r i reported in this publication . Annual g ants f om 985 through 99 p ov ded r i u i for r i i o r Clo pa t al f nd ng the p oject, Geolog c Mapp ng Along the S uthe n Th i i i - i sure of the Illinois Basin . e geolog c mapp ng of s xteen m nute quad rangles and the publication of quadrangle maps scale) and the accompanying reports were the objectives of this project . r r r in r Joseph A . Deve a (ISGS) mapped a pa t of the bed ock the no thwest r ISGS n l corner of the quadrangle . Russel Peppe s ( ) a alyzed the pa ynology of

W. B r I l and r i i r i r i . SGS e the coals p ov ded b ost at g aph c data James axte ( ), Russ l i i I . . SGS and r re ri J Jacobson ( ), Cha les M R ce (USGS) ca fully c t qued the geo i i z r r E MAP r i . r r COG O log c map He n H . Dambe ge , as p oject leade of , p ov ded i are r ri i r i . cont nuous encou agement and adv ce F nally, we g ateful to the p vate landowners who allowed us to enter their property to examine outcrops and especially to those who allowed us to d rill the stratigraphic tests .

ABSTRACT

r cr W r r F r r - r i r the r Bed ock out ops of the alte sbu g ou no theast t end ng pa allel fault zones, occu between these - r l . Minute Quadrangle in Pope fault zones transect the quad angle . two fau t planes n r Il i i T - i n are The ri i i ral r r Cou ty, southeaste n l no s , con hese post Pennsylvan a faults p nc pal m ne esou ces sist mainly of upper Mississippian part of a regional northeast- trending in the quadrangle are sandstone for (Chesterian) and lower Pennsyl fault system in the west pa rt of the construction and limestone for con

— l i F r . vanian (Morrowan to early Atokan) I l nois Kentucky luorspa Distri ct struction and agriculture . Small h rian r i The r F l i fluors ar strata . The C este st ata cons st Lusk C eek ault Zone bounds sha low depos ts of p and as of fine grained clastic rocks and the northwest side of the Dixon sociated minerals have been mined i r Gr ri Gr l i l mestones of the uppe Pope oup Sp ngs aben, and the Hobbs loca ly, suggest ng that unknown and include the Golconda Fonn a Creek Fault Zone bounds the south deeper resources may occur along i i . . The l ar in r tion up to the Kinkai d L mestone east s de Raum Fau t Zone p faults the quad angle . The The Pennsylvanian strata consist of allels the Lusk Creek and Hobbs amount of coal re sources is small; the sandstone-dominated Caseyville Creek Fault Zones and bisects the coal beds are too thin and discon Th Fi i ri r . inuous i i Tradewater F r i . r e t l al and o mat ons Uppe D xon Sp ngs G aben l ck to explo t econom ca ly, Valmeyeran limestones occur within Branch Fault (new name) occurs though a few small coal mines have

r ex lo s the r F r in s . T r r thin fault slices . A pet oleum p southea t of Hobbs C eek ault ope ated the pa t h ee explo a i ration well reached the Devonian Zone . The geolog c structure of the tion wells for oil and gas have been k r l r ri i im is re all r . L ngle L estone, the oldest nown quad angle the su t of seve al d lled and we e abandoned Res Ri i dur rv ir ri r in the W r r i r i . e o r i ri re bed ock alte sbu g Quad ep sodes of defo mat on ft ng cha acte st cs ofbu ed, p Th ri r in m ria ri r in r i i i i r rangle . e well also d lled th ough g the Ca b n Pe od esulted uppe M ss ss pp an st ata are

r r i l n i hi r . the New Albany Shale, seve al no mal fault ng a ong the Lusk u known w t n the quad angle i r r i lower (Kinderhookian) and middle Creek Fault . Add tional no mal fault Late ally extens ve aquifers and (Valmeyeran) Nlississippian forma ing may have occurre d during the economic deposits of sand and -At kan r r i rm E r i . A o are re t ons , and the lowe ost Pope a ly Pennsylvan an post g avel agg egate not p sent i i r in r i r re i mat ria . Th G roup . comp ess onal ep sode esulted among the su f c al e ls e Extensive Pleistocene (Illinoian verse faulting along the Lusk Creek geology of the area is unsuitable for and Wisconsinan) deposits cover and Raum Fault Zones (which landfills unless measure s are taken i Th r . Fi r r i r i much of the bedrock . e uplands me ge at depth) nal defo mat on to p event m g at on of Ieachate . are r r r i i is ri r r i r c i ro cove ed by bed ock es duum was an extens onal ep ode, du ng P ope ly des gned const u t on p (Oak formation) and loess (Roxana which normal faulting occurre d jects can be sited throughout most of r r and Peoria Silts): the slopes by collu along the same fault planes o along the quad angle . The study area lies

i m P F r ti n . rro i in i is i i struc v u ( eyton o ma on), and the adjacent fault pla es Na w sl ces a zone of h gh se m c ty; ri a it For r i are r or r re i in are valleys by lacust ne (Equ l y of ock, wh ch olde younge tu s bu lt valley bottoms mation) and alluvial deposits (Ca than the strata on adjacent sides of more at risk than structures having hokia Alluvium) . foundations in bedrock .

INTRODUCTION

d E 1 2 E i 1 T i t as r larl il r i . an S 1 TIZ R E S 6 . h s study was conduc ed pa t of y of the Caseyv le Fo mat on , Sect on , , the ongoing Cooperative Geologic Stre ams eroding the Pennsylvanian Upland exposures of Mississippian i r r m COGEOMAP i i i i i r are r l 500 Mapp ng P og a ( ) , and th ck M ss ss pp an sandstones st ata gene a ly above feet which is jointly supported by the have formed narrow valleys or can msl; exposures of Pennsylvanian i i r s r r i i is r are r 600 Un ted States Geolog cal Su vey yon , whe eas those e od ng M ss st ata gene ally above feet

l i is Geo si ian i . l n are r be (USGS) and the I l no State pp l mestones, shales, and msl Bottom a ds gene ally i i r r i ISGS . T i r r s 350 4 ] r 00 . The log cal Su vey ( ) h s epo t th n sandstones have fo med b oad , tween and feet ms low T i r i i i a companion to the Waltersburg Geo open valleys . h cke Mississ pp an est elevat on is less than 320 fee t ms] i ri in logic Quadrangle of Weibel et al . l mestones are locally characte zed the southeast corner of the quad 2 ri I r r and r i r T (199 ) and is one of a se es of SGS by a ka st topog aphy d a nage angle along Lusk Creek . otal re lief

and re r . is 460 r i is maps po ts on the geology of system feet, although local el ef i T i The i in i 1 h r in . i 0 sout e n Ill o s (fig h s geo h ghest elevat ons the typ cally only 5 to 300 feet . i i i i r our r are re 780 re l in r log c mapp ng w ll nc ease quad angle mo than feet Lusk C ek, f ow g f om the understanding of the region and pro above mean sea level (msl) and are north edge to the southeast corner of i l for in 1 2 SE i 26 T12S r r i s v de data usefu land use plan the S / , Sect on , , the quad angle, d a n most of the i i z r R6E SE SW i 26 T12S R6E r n i O i i r n ng, geolog c ha a d assessment, ; , Sect on , , ; quad a gle and jo ns the h o R ve and mineral resource and groundwa ter exploration .

Loc at ion The Waltersburg -Minute Quad rangle is in extreme southeastern Illi nois between latitudes and 37°30 ’N and longitudes and Highway access to the a re a is provided by Illinois route 145 from Eddyville to Glendale in the r r r Il i i 146 r no thwest qua te , l no s f om Dixon Springs to Golconda in the and west half along the south edge, the paved county road from Eddy ville to Golconda in the east two fi Th thirds of the quadrangle ( g . e only incorporated village in the r n is E i i quad a gle ddyv lle, wh ch straddles the north edge . Only a few buildings are present in the unincor orated i m i i 20 mi p v llages of Rau , R s ng

Sun and W r r . , Rock, alte sbu g About 30 km two-thirds of the land in the quad r is ri angle p vately owned , and most of the rest is part of the Shawnee Na Published befo re 1968 ti onal Forest . Published afte r 1 985 Ph sio ra h y g p y Ma in and c m ilati n c m l ted pp g o p o o p e , The quadrangle is within the unde rreview Shawnee Hills Section (Leighton et Mapping in progress I ri r al. 1948) of the nte o Low Plateaus N V Limit of P nn lv ni m Province (Fenneman an area e sy a an S yste i ru that conta ns some of the most g Majo rfault r lli The re ged topog aphy in I nois . a a i is cons sts of a d sected plateau, and i i r i r w th n the quad angle, the h ghe ridges are generally composed of i articu F ure 1 oo er e Geo o Ma n Pro r m COGEOMAP u r 199 . Pennsylvan an sandstone, p ig C p ativ l gical ppi g g a ( ), Jan a y 3 zoic rocks were mapped only as undifferentiated Mississippian or W l Pennsylvanian strata . S . e ler (1920a) described the geology of Hardin County and included de tailed descriptions of upper Missis sippian and lower Pennsylvanian i i strata . His geolog c map ncluded a part of Pope County just east of the W r r r alte sbu g Quad angle, but only the geology of Hardin County was

. W r l 2 described . S elle ( 9 ob) re ferred to localities within the Waltersburg Quadrangle in his report on the up per Mississippian strata of southern

Illinois . Bastin (1931) reported the types and origins of ore deposits and their mineralogical compositions in i Hard n and eastern Pope County. He also discussed mining and mill r i ing methods . A p el minary geologic map of the Brownfield 15- Minute W r Quadrangle by S . elle and Kre y (1939) included the Waltersburg r Quad angle . The map was compiled

from unpublished manuscri pts . W l r i i ar . r A though p el m n y, S elle and ’ Krey s geologic map w as the most detailed of the quadrangle prior to

2 mi this study. The re port on the fluor W l r Fig ure 2 C ultural features and drain i spar deposits of Illinois by J . e le O m es of the Wa ersbur u dr e . 3 k 1 2 i ag lt g Q a angl et al. ( 95 ) is a comp lation of sur veys undertaken in response to in i Wi w -r G I li i . r r r ar at olconda, l no s Ab upt angu def ned by llman and F ye c eased demand by elated h lar bends in the valley indicate that Unconsolidated material consists of industries . T e geologic map was W r r r r r r a i r r i r r . r bed ock st uctu e cont ols the Quate na y lluv um, bed ock es d la gely adapted f om S elle

i i l i i 1 2 a . Th r r r . A m ri 9 0 e r cou se of Lusk C eek d v de east uum, co luv u , lacust ne sed ( ) bulk of the epo t de l r n i i r r r l . tr ri eX o atio of the c eek extends f om the no th ments , loess, and ta us S ata gen sc bed p , m n ng, and m r r erall di r il i east co e of the quad angle south y p gently to the no thwest m l ng methods, as well as the geol

a t r ir i i r i i i ri . west to R um, and hence south towa d the Fa f eld Bas n pa t of ogy of the m n ng d st cts

l i i . Th r r southeast to the southeast comer. the I l nois Bas n e quad angle is As part of a p rog am to remap Streams east of the divide flow into transected by northeast-trending the Illinois portion of the fluorspar

i i F r i i i r l. 1 7 Bi r i rr r . A are r r ric et a 96 g G and P e e C eek d v de faults that pa t of the luo spa m n ng d st t, Baxte ( ) ri west of Lusk Creek separates Lusk Are a Fault Complex . mapped and desc bed the areal Creek drainage from Bay Creek geology of two -minute quadran Previous t udi es Th i S W r : drainage . e valley of the Flat L ck gles adjacent to the alte sburg Branch of Bay Creek occupies the The first geological reconnaissance the Herod to the northeast and the 1 74 extre me southwestern part of the of the study area was accomplished Shetlerville to the east . Hook ( 9 ) i i Sur i r iz i r . re in quad angle Hayes C ek, the by geolog sts of the Geolog cal comp led a gene al ed geolog c r r r is r I i i r r hi i W r r no thwest qua te , pa t of the Bay vey of ll no s unde the leade s p map that ncluded the alte sbu g E All r i M OS W r . n r ri Creek drainage . thre e d a nages of o then ngelma n Quad angle; he also desc bed the flow into the Ohi o River east or (1866a) described the areal geology structural geology of the Illinois B in . r . r a re southeast of the quad angle no th of y C ek Pope County Kentucky Mining District . Pinckney The report remains useful because it (1976) summarize d the geologic Ge olo ic t ti n g Se g i r ri i n e i mi r i conta ns many outc op desc pt o s, s tt ng and ne al depos ts of the The r is in the southem a i in — quad angle lthough a geolog c map was not Illinois Kentucky mining district . most part of the Illinois Basin and in cluded and the descriptions of litho His geologic map included the Wal

— r r I i i i i i i r r r . The tersbur r it the weste n pa t of the ll no s Ken log c subd v s ons we e cu so y g Quad angle, but also was tucky Fluorspa r District (fig . Out first systematic are al report on the compiled from previous publica r i r r i i r i c r r r ur ore ti . mm 1990a c opp ng bed o k fo mat ons ange st at g aphy, st uct e, depos ts, ons Nelson and Lu ( , b) from upper Mississippian (middle and mines of the area included a mapped the geology of the adjacent Chesterian) to lower Pennsylvanian generalized geological map (Bain quadrangles to the north (Eddyville)

Atokan . The r li The W r r r ( ) quad angle es south alte sbu g Quad angle and to the northwest (Stonefort) . I i i i r is i hi The in of the ll no an glac al bounda y as dep cted on t s map, but Paleo geology was described Figure 3 Map showing maj or structural features and the Illinois— Kentucky Fluorspar District (light red) in the vicinity

of the Waltersburg Quadrangle (gray) .

The in 1989 . a r r min Nelson e t al . Glendale completed the fall of Out s mples f om pet oleum and r in i r Th r i r r r r re l r i . e Quad angle, wh ch bo de s on the c op data we e co ded f eld e a explo at on wells logs and west of the Waltersburg Quadran notes and on topographic maps . cores are available for examination r Fi r are i in ISGS i r and gle, was also mapped as pa t of eld notes we e typed and ava l the Geolog cal Reco ds f i in I h COGEOMAP (Devera able or exam nation the SGS Samples Libra ry. T e methods used i r r r i for i l b a y. Subsu face data cons st of mapp ng of the surficial geology Me thod of St ud y geophysical logs and cores from are described in the section on surfi i for hi i r i ri i l Bedrock mapp ng t s study thre e strat g aph c tests d lled as c a geology. began in the fall of 1985 and was part of COGEOMAP and logs and BEDROCK STRATIGRAPHY

The oldest known bedrock stratum thickness of Valmeyeran strata is about 200 feet wide and entirely r V lrn in the Waltersburg Quadrangle is feet . Ove lying the a ey composed of limestone (Bain The r is the r Mis i i i Th the De vonian Lingle Limestone . e an uppe s ss pp an e quarry exposes about 50 to 100 n r r Chesterian r ri im you gest bed ock st ata belong to ( ) Pope G oup, desc bed feet of l estone dipping steeply l i r w r F r in i . Th the Pennsylvanian T ade ate o a fo low ng sect on to the southeast . e exposure is

i . The r Mi i i ia i r r and mat on uppe ss ss pp n ' extens vely faulted, f actu ed, Undifl ere ntiat e d F r i is i r i i Golconda o mat on the oldest m ne al zed, and the bedd ng is i fere ti Mis i i i r i r i for n r . i outc opp ng fo mat on, except Und f n ated s ss pp a obscu e On the southeast s de of the r i r in W r r uadran r is i r i small outc ops that may nclude ocks the alte sbu g Q exposu e a l ght g ay, well ndu r in e r l upper Valmeyeran rocks . gle occu s ve al sma l fault rated calcilutite containing numer T i r W i . r The i r . 1 i re r Aust n Robe ts No ell sl ces hese ocks nclude poo ly ous l ght colo d che t nodules . penetrated 46 2 feet of Lingle Lime exposed or deformed rocks that lack Northwest of this unit is light to stone (well loca tions are given in the diagnostic cha racteris tics used medium gray limestone that weath

r s ri i i i for r rr ci r i . ers i m table Co e de c pt ons nd cate efe al to a spe fic fo mat on med u to d ark gray. It is a fine i e is i r T i r i e r i m r i the L ngl a tan to l ght g ay, fine h s catego y also nclud s ocks to med u g ained b ocalcare nite grained limestone that contains that can be assigned to specific for with a sparite cement and is locally i ma l re i . M chert mat ons but the p sca e p cludes ool tic . acrofossils include pelma

The i is r i the i i i i i al ni . tozoan r r r L ngle ove la n by New del neat on of nd v du u ts f agments and ugose co als, Th i r A i the Al . e i are i bany Shale m ddle to uppe small fault sl ce along Lusk wh ch not age d agnostic . Cono D i r M r r in SW i ts Cavus nathus unicornis evon an Bloche Shale embe of C eek Fault Zone the , Sect on don ( g , A is 57 f i 30 TIZS R6E si r Klada nathus tenuis Iambda the New lbany eet th ck and , , , con sts of poo ly g , and g

di i i . i il re l . nathus a ilidens cons sts of a s ty, calca ous sha e exposed, steeply pp ng l mestone fi g ) extracted from this The r e i The i is r r r i r r V uppe D von an Sweetland l mestone a g ay to da k g ay, l mestone ange f om late almey re l r re r r i bioc alcarenite r Chesterian r er C ek Sha e and G assy C ek Shale coa se g a ned that e an to Age (No by, p rs are 132 124 i i i r bio a i ti Membe and feet th ck, conta ns ool tes and udaceous son l commun ca on, This

. The i i respectively. Both members are char clasts absence of d agnost c lithologic succession does not occur acterized the lit i r ri i in the r i by black shale, but holog c cha acte st cs and the uppe Mississ ppian Pope r lso i m l is r r e r e a r . e r r olde Sweetland C e k conta ns s a l, olated exposu e p eclud G oup S ve al fo mations in the rr Th i r r re i . g ay shale . These members a e over fe al to a spec fic unit e l me lower part of the group contain light lain by the upper Devonian Saver stone is probably an Upper Val colored bioclastic and oolitic lime r i is me eran i r r are ton Shale Membe , wh ch not y to M ddle Cheste fo ma stone, but they less than 50 feet i r i r r hi or Th d ffe ent ated f om the younge t ck contain shale . e lithologic i r u - i in the i is h r Hann bal Shale Membe on geo A long fa lt sl ce block cen success on c a acteristic of the St . physical logs of the Austin Roberts ter of the Lusk Creek Fault Zone Louis Limestone and the overlying

W . r . 1 i 20 r r No ell f om the east edge of Sect on to lowe pa t of the Ste . Genevieve .

i 3, T125 R6E r W i i r i i Sect on , at the no th h te to l ght g ay, b oclast c, edge of the quadrangle is mapped and oolitic calcarenite also occurs MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM i f r i i i as und f e ent ated Mississ pp an . within this fault slice between the The lowermost Mississippian (Kin Strata within this block range from Clay Diggings Mine and Copperous

derhookian r in the r . i i i ) st ata quad angle St L mestone up to K nka d Branch . This limestone is strati is i al r Li r i the Hann b , the uppe most mestone, but a complete succes g aph cally below the Glen Dean i is r r r . Th membe of the New Albany Shale . s on p obably not p esent e Limestone and is probably part of The i r i r r r n i und ffe ent ated Save ton and best exposu e occu s at an aba the Ste . Genev eve . i doned rr i i Hann bal Shales are 11 feet thick . qua y at the Clay D gg ngs Rocks provisionally assigned i W NE The Kinderhookian Grouteau im , N , i 16 T12S i i r L e M ne SE Sect on , , to V enna , Palest ne, Mena d , and

i r fine rai i R6E. i 1905 ri ri i i F r stone, a l ght g ay, g ned l me Ba n ( ) b efly desc bed K nka d o mations crop out in a is 6 hi in i li i r lim" - stone, only feet t ck the th s loca ty and cons de ed the northeast trending ravine in the NW

W l be . . Diff n i er . 1 . The r is e bach e i 10 T12S R6Ein hi Aust n Rob ts No el ove stone to St Lou NE, S ct on , , t s i i Mi i i i Vlm r m u i i - - a e i . ly ng m ddle ss ss pp an ( y (pe sonal co m n cat on, a fault sl ce A Vienna to Kinkaid eran) strata consist of the following geologist at a fluorspar mining com sequence is probably not present r i in i i r i r r. r fo mat ons, ascend ng o de pany, nte p eted the l mestone to be because of small displacements by i i l r . i r r or . i . r Sp ngv l e Shale, Fo t Payne Fo ma Ste Genev eve and/ St Lou s seve al faults . The limited extent i l i im i re r r r i r i t on, U l n L estone, Salem L me Co s of seve al angled explo ato y and nte m ttent exposures preclude

, . i i . rill r l i i i i al r stone St Lou s L mestone, and Ste holes d ed th ough the fau t block mapp ng of nd v du fo mations . i i Th mi i i Genev eve L mestone . e total at the ne nd cated the block to be A small area of undifferentiated Mis sissi ian r r r I li i s s W r pp ocks occu s no th of the l no s , ju t southea t of the alte s Hardinsburg Sandst one i i i n - a d r r . M rl l. Clay D gg ngs M ne adjacent to bu g Quad angle cFa an et a Cliff fonning sandstone that crops F T 1 s re . 955 the Lu k C ek ault Zone hese ( ) elevated the Golconda to a out only near the southeast corner of r i rm r r i it is r rre st ata cons st of the uppe ost g oup, but he e n efe d to as the quadrangle is referred to as the i r re , e , r i . The r i i r i r r Clo D gon a and lowe most a fo mat on fo mat on cons sts Ha d nsbu g Sandstone . B okaw

Ki ai . T is r is s i nk d h sequence p obably of the ba al Beech Creek L mestone (1916) first used the name Hardins re as r r r Fraile s r comp ssed a esult of d ag fold Membe , the y Shale Membe , burg in a stratigraphic column; the

in . g along the Lusk Cre ek Fault Zone and the Haney Limestone Member. name was based on descriptions l a is in r . W On y the H ney exposed the and measu ements by S eller. o e ou P p Gr p W r alte sburg Quadrangle . Butts (191 7) formally introduced the Th i r " " e Pope G roup compr ses st ata name Hardinsburg Sandstone for r the Han Lime ton M mbe f om the base of Aux Vases Sand ey s e e r exposures near Hardinsburg in M rl 1 ri i stone to the top of the Kinkaid cFa an et al. ( 955) l Br ki ri r - o g na ly ec n dge County, no th central

r i . The r is am i Fo mat on Pope G oup a n ed the Haney L mestone Mem Kentucky. lithostrati ra hi c i i i r ber as r i for r g p un t d st nct f om a fo mat on exposu es The Hardinsburg is predomi i hronostrati ra hi c r r in ts c re r i . g p counte pa t, along Haney C ek, Ha d n County nantly a fine grained sandstone con Th Chesterian ri . e r The r r is is in subrounded r the Se es lowe uppe pa t of the Haney s t g of , well so ted r r ri in r bounda y of the Cheste Se es mapped only the ext eme south quartz grains . Dark minerals and n 1963 W m r r r . Its oc (Swa n , Maples and ate s east co e of the quad angle mica are ra re and probably consti 1987) i r i ro rr r r tu 1% r A d ffe s sl ghtly f m the Pope cu ence was ext apolated f om the te less than of the ock . few Th r ro . e is B r 1 7 et al . ( 96 r i i Th G up g oup about feet map of axte ) because g a ns have clay coat ngs . e well i in ra r c is r hi l th ck the quad ngle, but the low the bed o k cove ed at t s loca indurated sandstone is white and m r r t i s i . B x r ri e os r t et al . s Pope fo mat on , f om the y a te de c bed the Haney light gray and weathers orange - - 15 50 i i r r - Aux Vases Sandstone up to the as a to foot th ck l mestone b own to g ay. Low angle trough Fraile s r in the i i i r l in y Shale, do not c op out , crossbeds are r and ri conta n ng nte bedded sha e and p evalent, pple W r r r . T i i r 10 r r - alte sbu g Quad angle h s nte some places, feet of g een g ay marks and soft sediment deforrn a in Th is 384 i the i r . e u i r r val feet th ck Aust n calca eous shale at the top p t on st uctu es also occur. Bedding

1 W . Roberts No . ell er i r i r is are ra p contact w th the Ha d nsbu g planes gene lly wavy, and beds

in r . r not exposed the quad angle Bax a e often lenticular. Beds generally Go lc onda Forma ti on B r l 7 i te et a . (196 r r r utts ) desc bed the contact ange f om to 1 foot thick . 191 7 F r r i i i di ( ) named the Golconda o ma as ang ng from trans t onal to a s The lower pa rt of the unit crops i for re r r i , . in 5 15 i t on exposu s nea Golconda confo m ty out ledges to feet h gh,

Tab e 1 o on f l L cati o wells use d for bedroc k study.

Sam le ba and ISGS n an p se cou tyno . d 8 Location we ll type total depth (ft)

Nwo SE SE , , , Co . 108

Sec . 19 , T13S, R6 E TD 777 NW NE SE SE , , Co . 244

Sec . 10, T13S, R6 E TD NW SW SW , Co . 182 E 2 1 S , Sec . 5 , T SS, RSE TD 2070 FSL 1590 FEL 2 , , Co . 04 19

Sec . 14 , T128 , R6 E TD 166 2320 PNL 350 FEL 2 42 , , Co . 0 0

Sec . 15 , T128 , BGE TD 166 15 PWL 70 FNL NE NE 2 , , , , Co . 0424

See . 9 , T128 , BGE TD NW NW NE NE 2 , , Co . 06

Sec . 24 , T138 , RSE TD 6 10 250 PWL 20 FSL NW SW 2 , , , , Co . 06

Sec . 1 , T1SS, BGE TD

NEc SE SE , , , Co . 107

Sec . 18 , T13 S, R6 E TD 4 00 FSL 16 00 FEL 2 , Co . 09

Sec . 35 , T12S, BGE TD

F r i PW US . t rv c 132 FSL 396 L SE o es Se e , , Co . 77 E il T12 R E dd v G a rd tati n Sec . 6 S 6 y le u S o , , TD257 Floyd Ingram a NWc: northwest comer 2070 FSL 1590 FEL: 2070 eet romthe south lne and 1590 eet romthe e s ln ; , f f i f f a t i e . r whereas the uppe r part is poorly ex feet . The core f om the Abner Field W r i l . 1 posed . In the adjacent Shetle v l e No ell , just south of the quad r r e x r et r in and He od Quad angl s , Ba te angle, conta s feet of Glen

1 7 i i r r ri d D i . Th e al. ( 96 ) s m la ly cha acte ze the ean L mestone (fig geo formation as having a lower unit of physical log of the Ha rold Clanahan - W mi ri rmi No. 1 a p rominent dge fo ng sand ell, about les south of " r i ini r r r 90 stone and an uppe un t conta ng the quad angle, eco ded feet of

The r e . poorly exposed shale . uppe Glen D an contact with the overlying Glen Dean Limestone is not exposed in Tar Springs Sands t one The W r r r Tar ri s r the alte sbu g Quad angle, but Sp ngs Sand tone c ops out 1 67 ri it e i in Baxter et al. ( 9 ) desc bed as an above the Glen D an L mestone a " ab rupt change from gray shale in series of cliffs and forms an outcrop the uppermost Hardinsburg to lirne belt 1 to 2 miles wide near the south

m r r . stone of the Glen Dean . east co e of the quad angle Owen The best exposures of the Har (1857) first re ferred to outcrops south in ur are in f r r rt in Br nri d sb g bluf s no theast of of Clove po ecke dge County, " re in r Tar ri Lusk C ek and a southwestwa d Kentucky, as the Sp ng sand " " The a Tar ri i ri r r e SW . flow ng t buta y to the c e k ( , stone n me Sp ngs Sand i 13 i 14 NW was i tr Bro Sect on ; SE, Sect on ; , Sec stone n oduced by kaw 1916 in ri ti r i i 24 T13S R6E . In i re t on , , ) th s a a , the ( ) a desc p on of a st at lower part of the sandstone forms graphic column; he based the name on ri i re ts the bluff facing Lusk Creek . desc pt ons and measu men by

W l r. Wells within the quadrangle were 200 it S . e le The formation was formally either drilled through the formation defined by Butts in areas where faulting is prevalent The Tar Springs is pre dominantly or did not penetrate the entire forma a very fine to fine grained sand 67 re r of ul r r e t al . 19 tion . Baxte ( ) po ted a stone, composed subang a to i 90 115 f e in subrounded l r rt th ckness of to e t the adja , we l so ted , qua z i r cent Shetlerville and Herod Quad grains . Med um to coarse g ains are Figure 4 Graphic column of up i r 1 6 il r the re . 953 r ran les . About m es no th of p sent locally S eve ( ) pet o g per part of core from Abner Field i l a r r . re i . r r , 1 W W l ll quad angle the Ma y L St ch No No. e oc ed so h of a g aph ca y ana yzed fou s mples ll, l at ut 1 W ril r 105 Tar ri r i ell d led th ough feet of tersburg Quadrangle. of the Sp ngs and dete m ned i Hardinsburg Sandstone . that the dom nant consti tuent was because the formation is poorly ex quartz (80 He also found clay Gle n De an Lime st one Lime posed and generally covered by (1 carbonate (1 chert stone succeeding the Ha rdinsburg vegetation and talus from the over (1 feldspa r (0 and traces

r i Tar Th mi r . The r Sandstone and ove la n by the lying Tar Springs Sandstone . e of heavy ne als gene ally Springs Sandstone is re ferred to as best of the few exposure s are in the well indurated sandstone is white

e i . B SE e i 14 T6E RI3S r i r the Glen D an L mestone utts , S ct on , , , at the foot to tan and weathe s l ght o ange i (1917) named the formation for ex of large talus blocks and high ledges brown to brown . R pple marks are r i r i - rossbeds osures r r . c p along the a l oad at Glen on the no theast s de of Lusk C eek common, and low angle i i e in Breckinr d e nt r The li is s i i are . ri D an g Cou y, no th mestone su cept ble to d sso locally abundant Bedd ng va es

r . The lution r r t i k r r 2 i cent al Kentucky Glen Dean, by g oundwate ; hus , s n f om to mo e than feet th ck r i r r n is i r i i are . i r l ke the Ha d nsbu g, c ops out o ly holes common S nkhole occu and locally lent cula w th wavy r r r nea the southeast co ne of the re nces were used as reference points bedding planes . Th e lower part of

r . i in SW i Tar ri is r l quad angle to map the un t the , Sect on the Sp ngs gene a ly well ex The D im is r 13 T6E R138 r r are r 30 Glen ean L estone g ay , , , whe e exposu es posed and fo ms bluffs up to feet

r r r r . is . Th i to da k g ay and weathe s g ay It absent . high e he ghts of sandstone bioclastic to locally oolitic limestone The upper contact of the Glen ledges decrease and the percentage is r r fine D is in W r i r i and a mode ately so ted, to ean not exposed the alte s of nte bedded shale and s ltstone

r r r i biocalca nite . i r for re r . 1 r hr ve y coa se g a ned burg Quadrangle . Baxte et al ( 967) nc eases upwa d t ough the i t r ri it unconforrnit i . Common foss ls , of en f agmented , desc bed as an y, mat on i elrnatozoans ru osan cor i Tar ri i The r Tar ri nclude p , g w th the Sp ngs extend ng uppe half of the Sp ngs Pentremite r r in i i i r il noncal als , s, b yozoans , and downwa d places nto the Glen conta ns nte bedded fiss e,

r i i i m osita. r o . The hi is i er r i b ach opods, nclud ng C p Dean t ckness est mated to c eous, g ay shale and l ght g ay to i r r 2 e In sur i r r i 50 60 . sub Bedd ng anges f om to fe t be about to feet the l ght b own , qua tzose s ltstone that i r r i - The i are r ri r r r . th ck and a ely ncludes low angle face, th cknesses mo e va able, weathe s g ay to yellow b own

crossbed . B s axter e t al. (1967) differ probably because of the nature of silt occurs in beds up to foot ' entiated t r e i i i for Th ri r in i r . e i h e un ts w th n the the uppe contact d lle s log th ck and, some places, conta ns i : r i i i r - r Mi r . 1 W re i mat on a lowe un t of foss l fe ous of the nton Bake No ell, p valent m ca , ca bonaceous plant im i r in e i 24 T13S R5E in r and ri r . B r l estone, a m ddle calca eous located S ct on , , , f agments , pple ma ks axte and r i r r i l. 1 7 r d cated . et a 96 r i e shale, an uppe nte bedded a thickness of 59 feet A geo ( ) cha acte z d the uppe im l estone and shale . These units physical log of the Austin Roberts part of the formation as shale con are i re i in i 1 W ll r 7 i i r not d ffe nt ated th s study No . e reco ded a thickness of 9 ta n ng some ca bonaceous beds

r r r r i . i calcilutite i h r mode ately so ted , qua tz g a ns, stone beds He named the l me to a w t scatte ed coarse i i r 1953 in c i r r W r i is . i b oclasts . is i r and locally s lty S eve ( ) stones, as end ng o de , alche, g a ned It nte bedded r r hi a re t ur ar i i r r r i pet og ap cally an lyzed th e Sco tsb g, and All d L mestone w th g ay to da k g ay, fiss le, non W r W r r r . the r r l samples of the alte sbu g and Membe s In alte sbu g Quad calca eous sha e up to 3 feet thick . A r i in r or l r i i dete m ned that the dom ant con angle, po and on y pa t al expo few l mestone beds are argillaceous . stituent is quartz (75 He also sures of these three members pre The limestone beds are abundantly r ar i i i ti i i ili r i i r i found clay (t ace to c bonate vent expl c t den f cat on, although foss fe ous, nclud ng b ach opods 0 r r r r r i i h all S in er om o ita Mucros irzer ( che t (t ace to feldspa scatte ed exposu es nd cate t at ( p f , C p s , p f , r r r rs i r ni atr ids r tr (t ace to and t aces of heavy th ee membe and the nte ve ng and yp ), gast opods, fenes ate - beds and are re . The r minerals . cross r r ra elrna Low angle shales p sent Mena d b yozoans, ugose co ls, and p in r i i tozoans r i r P tr it ri ar are en em e . pple m ks common some c ops out w th n and adjacent to the , pa t cula ly s r L r F in Li r li r e . i is l plac s Bedd ng tabula to some usk C eek ault Zone and the ght g ay to ght b own, sma l, len a r r r r i l what lenticular. Be ds re f om to southeast qua te of the quad angle t cu ar chert nodules locally occur in i r r W r r r e i i . e i 3 fe t th ck, and bedd ng su faces no th of alte sbu g and along a laye s to foot th ck B dd ng - are or irr r. r i ri r is 2 i r wavy egula southwest t end ng t buta y of to feet th ck, gene ally

The r i is r r . i i are fo mat on poo ly exposed Lusk C eek foot th ck, and bedd ng planes in The r r r i r overall; sandstone ledges the up lowe pa t of the fo mat on is ough and irre gular. Outcrops form

er r are 5 i . r r r r i r m 3 10 p pa t less than feet h gh da k g ay, ve y fine to fine g a ned gene ally slu ped benches to l re calcarenite r r is The r r is r i . i are in lowe pa t gene a ly cove d that weathe s g ay, feet th ck S nkholes common l l i r i e has T i r r i . r is and p obably cons sts of sha e and local y med um g a n d , and some places h s uppe pa t

Th r r r rai bioclasts. i or r i i . e i s ltstone best exposu es of the scatte ed , coa se g ned equ valent pa t ally equ valent to in i 30 Th e i is i r i l r i Th r r are r. e uppe pa t the SE, Sect on , l mestone nte bedded w th the Al a d L mestone Membe T12S R6E in NW i r r r il r i r in l i , and the , Sect on ve y da k g ay, fiss e, calca eous contact w th the ove ly g Pa est ne in is i i r i 29 TIZS R6E. a is r r dis , , S ndstone beds the shale and foss l fe ous, dom nated Sandstone sha p and p obably elrnat z n r a r . Waltersburg Formation are discon by gastropods and p o o s confo mable . Baxte et ai tinuous The r re i r r 2 r ri the r (Swann co e Bedd ng anges f om to feet howeve , desc bed uppe con v mment hi i r are i r r US . Go e the i uncon cove ed f om the t ck, and bedd ng su faces tact w th Palest ne as an

W l sis l i irre r. u r t i r i . No . 1 e l con ts of on y s ltstone wavy to gula O tc ops yp fo m ty i is i r 3 10 E and shale (fig . but t poss ble cally fo m low ledges to feet xposure s of the Menard are i Th i ar i is and are t m or r . e that p t of the sect on absent as a h gh, they of en slu ped po ove all l mestone beds T i r is r e uiv a i r r l i . r r i r esult of fau t ng h s lowe pa t oughly q typ cally fo m ledges, whe eas nte The upper contact of the forma lent to the Walche Limestone Mem vening shale intervals form benches

in W er. tion is not exposed the alters b and are often covere d by colluvium . Th re fi om The i r r is Th l r burg Quadrangle . e co m ddle pa t of the Mena d e on y locality whe e all thre e W l i i r r r r i r i r . 1 r are in US . Gove nment No el nd da k g ay to g ay b own l mestone pa ts ecogn zable is the SE W r i r r r r . I t S c i 1 T13S R6E. n r cates that the uppe contact w th the that weathe s g ay to g ay b own , Se t on , , A othe ri r r Mena rd Limestone is transitional . va es from poo ly to mode ately good exposure of the upper part of r i i i r r r r r i the r is r Su face mapp ng nd cates that the so ted, ve y coa se to coa se g a ned Mena d along a Lusk C eek W r r is 50 t i calcarenite r ri r in NW NW i alte sbu g about feet h ck, that has scatte ed to t buta y the SE, Sect on

r r i i r r i bioclasts. 30 T128 R6E C0 erous whe eas subsu face data nd cate a abundant coa se g a ned , , and along pp r 40 65 in uadran This i is l i r r in NW i 20 ange of to feet the q un t common y nte bedded B anch the NE, Sect on , ’ The ril r i i r i r li r T12S R6E NW NW i 21 gle . d le s log of M nton w th poo ly ndu ated , ght g ay to , and , Sect on , i T ic r r a r 12S R6E. B r . 1 r r ake No eco ded a th kness of da k g ay, fiss le, c lca eous shale ,

i 5 hi . The i sur i re i i 65 feet . A geophys cal log of the up to feet t ck bedd ng Mapp ng of exposu s nd cates i h are l r il i i rt . 1 re r 64 e r s 85 110 Aust n Robe s No co ded fac s, wh c loca ly a g laceous, that the Mena d to feet m are n f ssilif i Th r US . o . e re feet co f om the Gove and the shale abu dantly th ck, but lack of exposed contacts i r 1 W l r r 40 erous i r n r an r r . ment No . e l ecove ed feet of w th b ach opods, b yozoa s, p ecludes accu ate measu ement

W r r it is i elrnatozoans ru osan r . r i i i alte sbu g, but poss ble that p , and g co als Subsu face data nd cate th cknesses l ’ the thickness was affected by the The middle part loca ly contains 4 to of 125 to 142 feet . Th e drillers log of i — i i . i B r W r Fli r l . 5 u . 1 r r nea by ck B anch Fau t feet ofb ff, dolom t zed l mestone M nton ake No ell eco ded ’ r r i 125 r ri r Nea the top pa t, the l mestone con feet of the Mena d; the d lle s t one r r V l w W Me nard Lime s The rela tains layers of da k b own chert nod log of the os o No . 1 ell record

i r r 2 142 . h f i . m tively thick sequence o l mestone ules Bedd ng anges f om to ed feet T e core of US . Gove W r i W r r i it is r 1 . 1 r ri r and shale ove ly ng the alte sbu g feet th ck, but gene ally to ment No ell et eved the lowe

i . r Sandstone and underlying the Pales foot th ck Outcrops fo m rounded 60 fee t of the Menard (fig . tine Sandstone is referre d to as the ledges that re ach heights of up to 15 i ri Pale sti ne d W r 1 1 . are Sa n st one The Menard Limestone . S . elle ( 9 3) feet S nkholes and sp ngs com - - i r r Lirne in . Thi i r i i nt oduced the name Mena d mon some places s m ddle ledge fo m ng, sandstone dom " stone for exposures near Menard part is roughly equivalent to the nated unit overlying the ca rbonate

n o r c r i r. i r im is (Ra dolph County), s uthweste n S ottsbu g L mestone Membe dom nated Mena d L estone 1 ri e The r r r is r rr in Illinois . Swann ( 963) desc bed th uppe pa t of the Mena d efe ed to as the Palest e Sand " I Menard Limestone as thre e well dark gray limestone that weathers stone . t was named for exposures in marked limestone units sepa rated gray to buff and is light brown to Palestine Township in Randolph

r i i ar r in . ri r r i i . and ove la n by un ts that e b own some places It va es f om County, southweste n Ill no s (S largely shale but contain thin lime a fine to medium grained calcarenite Weller It crops out on the

10 northwest side of the Lusk Creek and silty shale grade upward to in - r r r shale i Fault Zone and the south cent al da k g ay of the Palest ne, ar r i is r r i p t of the quad angle, southeast of wh ch confo mably ove la n by green gray i r the Hobbs Creek Fault Zone . ol ve g ay calcareous mudstone in The i i terbedded i ar r l Palest ne Sandstone cons sts w th d k g ay, sha ey

i : im . of the following success on fine to l estone of the Clore Baxter et al . i m r i i 1967 re r r med u g a ned , th ck bedded sand ( ) also po ted a confo mable i In r r i t r . r r stone, and ve y fine g a ned, h n uppe contact the no thwest pa t i r r bedded sandstone, s ltstone, and of the quad angle, the uppe most The is li al i r r are shale . sandstone ght tan to P est ne and lowe most Clo e gray green to gray and weathers so poorly expose d that the contact

r i r r . r i r g ay to ol ve b own to b own G a n was not mapped , and the fo ma size ranges from very fine to medi tions are not differentiated on the

i i . um. is r W e et al In It composed of well so ted , geolog c map ( e b l r r re subrounded r r l subangula , a ly , the southeast pa t, the uppe Pa es r r ins r i in iz r i is l qua tz g a , ang ng s e f om t ne fau ted out of sequence and i r 1953 . very fine to medium. S eve ( ) does not crop out petrographically analyzed six sam The best exposure s of the lower ples of the Palestine and determined Palestine are along Copperous t r i i is Br in e i 17 hat the p edom nant const tuent anch and the NE, S ct on , r 63 0 car T13S R6E r qua tz ( Clay ( , , whe e the sandstone bonate (0 chert (trace to forms a prominent bluff that faces Th and traces of feldspars and heavy southeast . e sandstone caps a fault? i - i i minerals also are present . F eld northwest d pp ng cuesta for sev study indicates that mica and cal eral miles to the southwest of Cop r r r Th r careous cement are are and the pe ous B anch . e uppe part of i The n r sandstone is locally s lty. sa d the Palestine gene ally is poorly ra r r it r i r 150 ft stone gene lly c ops out as seve al exposed , but also c ops out nte r i mi ledges o forms h gh bluffs in some ttently along this cre ek .

. The r r i in The i i places uppe pa t conta ns th ckness of the Palest ne, terbedded il . The r r r shale and s tstone based on outc op study, anges f om Fig ure 6 Graphic column of core from i r i Th is r fis 50 70 . e hi is a shale l ght g ay to l ght b own , to feet t ckness p W Trueb er No. 3 ell e on 35 T12S g , S cti , , i re it is r roximated r s le, and noncalca ous; poo ly p because the uppe con T i kn R6E. h c esses are corrected to com i i r l il . The is r r f r n ndu ated and local y s ty s lt tact confo mable and poo ly pensate o a gled drilling . r r r W is i . r stone g ay to da k g ay, th n bed exposed ell data f om adjacent and i s i i ri r i i i ded, conta ns o c llat on pple is ra quad angles nd cate the Palest ne east edge of the quad ngle, as well

r nd r i . i 4 7 a 5 0 i . ma ks t ace foss ls A th n, soft to feet th ck as in a belt southeast of the Hobbs i mi r b tu nous shale nea the top of the Creek Fault Zone . Palestine crops out in a small stream Clore Forma ti on The com in NW i 17 e i bed the SE SE, Sect on , plex sequenc of shale, l mestone, Cora Limestone Member

TIZS R6E. Thi r is and n r i , s shale p obably sa dstone ove ly ng the Pales Swann (1963) proposed the name i i in r i " " equ valent to the th n coals that t e Sandstone and unde ly ng the Cora Limestone Member for the r i e i r i is r rr locally ma k the top of the Palest ne D gon a Fo mat on efe ed to as lower shale and limestone part of the in r i r W i r i . . r 1913 weste n Ill no s (Swann the Clo e Fo mat on S elle ( ) Clore exposed near Cora (Jackson i are r hr m r i for r r i i . Th Foss ls spa se t oughout the na ed the fo mat on exposu es County), southweste n Ill no s e r i ; n r re rb n r r in r i i r i fo mat on o ly a ca o aceous nea Clo e School Randolph membe cons sts of l mestone, a g l

r are r . i r . t , li i laceous i i r plant f agments p esent St g Coun y southweste n Il no s l mestone, and shale nte ri r P n lit t s la o es, n 1963 i i r i Th ma an oo ca ts and a Swa n ( ) d v ded the Clo e nto beds (fig . e limestone is gray to r i r in re r : r r t ace foss l, occu the sandstone th e membe s the lowe Co a dark gray and weathers light gray to i i s r, i i below the b tum nou shale along Membe cons st ng of shale and light brown . It is a fine to coarse

Co erous r c . i i i l T pp B an h (fig R pple l mestone; the m dd e ygett Mem grained calcarenite or a calcilutite r s - crossbeds are ber, i i an r ma k and low angle cons st ng of sandstone and d has coarse g ained bioclasts. Ar

. i r r F r common Bedd ng anges f om shale; and the upper o d Station gillaceous limestone beds and shale 5 i it is r l r i i to feet th ck, but gene al y Membe , cons st ng of shale and interbeds are common and siltstone 2 ic . i r i are . All r r r to feet th k Bedd ng su faces l mestone th ee membe s of the beds occu in some places . Th e shale irr r r o . r are r i e in W r ri i I locally egula wavy Sandstone Clo e ecogn z d the alte s shows a va able composit on . t is r i r r r of the lowe Palest ne gene ally , are r r r i noncal bu g Quad angle although they g ay to da k g ay, fiss le, and r f 5 35 hi r i f r i i fo ms blu fs to feet gh, whe e not d f e ent ated on the geolog c careous in some places and green

r r is r . W i as the uppe pa t poo ly exposed ( et al . The re r i r r i map e bel Clo g ay to ol ve g ay, poo ly fiss le, and The r the P r in r i tthi Th uppe contact of ales c ops out av nes south of Ma s calcareous in others . e shale i the r r r l r r , Co e ous , r r 1 Th i t ne Sandstone and Clo e Fo ma B anch a ong pp B anch anges f om to 6 feet thick . e s lt i is e r , is r r re r ar t on not expos d except at one and nea the west edge of the quad stone b own g ay to g en g ay, i in - i r re ra r n . r illaceous and r . s te a small no theast t nd ng a gle It also c ops out along sev g , calca eous i in SW NW SE i 16 r re in rr v ne the , Sect on , e al st ams and a na ow fault The Cora is moderately to abun TI R E ZS 6 . i r i in , At th s outc op, s ltstone block the Raum Fault Zone at the dantly fossiliferous and has abun

11 r c i S in er om osita r i crossbedded dant b a h opods ( p f , C p , g a ned , sandstone and productids) and pelmatozoans. above it from 3 feet of very fine r r r m r i i i Gast opods, fenest ate, and a ose g a ned , th n to med um bedded m a are ru . i ri r b ryozoans com on, and s ndstone below St gma an oot

r are r re . i r in r gosan co als a L mestone casts occu the lowe sandstone . beds range from to 3 feet thick This Tygett limestone bed also oc and are generally to feet curs in quad rangles to the west and Th im r r W r thick . e l estone fo ms low sub no thwest of the alte sburg (Nel

and et al . 1991 . De r r tle benches and beds, common son , J ve a, pe sonal m l r r . i i y weathe s to an hou glass shape com un cat on, The unit generally is poorly exposed In a fault slice within the Lusk

are . The r NW NE and beds often slumped C eek Fault Zone (NE , Sec r r r 50 60 i i 5 T13S R6E 32 T ett Co a anges f om to feet th ck t on , , ), feet of yg and is 57 feet thick in the Truebger Sandstone crop out along Lusk

W . r . in r 20 are N o. 3 ell (fig C eek Beds the uppe feet r hi ri r tabula and t n, pple ma ked , and T ett Sandstone M ember crossbedded in r 12 yg ; the lowe feet, Swann (1963) proposed the name Ty beds are thin and interbedded with " r for mid i r r i i . gett Sandstone Membe the pple ma ked, lam nated s ltstone dle clastic part of the Clore Formation exposed near Tygett School in Union Ford Station Member Swann " Th r 1 r F r h r l i i . e 963 m County, sout e n I l no s gene ( ) p oposed the na e o d Sta " allywell indurated member is domi tion Member for the upper ca rbon nated by a light gray gree n to light tan ate part of the Clore Formation sandstone that weathers light brown exposed near Ford Station in Ran

r r r . is r I li i . to b own to g ay b own It com dolph County, southweste n l no s of r r i The r i i posed ve y fine to fine g a ned membe cons sts of l mestone, r z is or r i im i qua t that well s ted and suban a g llaceous l estone, s ltstone, r i r l i r i i li l i gular to subrounded . Da k m ne a s and shale nte beds; t s tho og i imi r r are r r is r. a e, and the sandstone s lty and cally s la to the Co a Membe il Th i i r r rnicaceous in . e is places Plant molds , s t l mestone l ght g ay to da k i r r r r r r stone nte beds, ca bonaceous plant g ay, and weathe s g ay to o ange Rhi lli m r r i r r s i zocora u . r r i f agments, t ace fo s ls ( , b own to b own It va es f om calc ochlfehnus and Ph coides- ik tu i i m r i calcareni te C , y l e bes), lut te to med u g a ned i r i and shale clasts are rare . R pple marks to a fine g a ned calcarenite that has - r i . r i and low angle crossbeds are common . coarse g ained b oclasts A g lla Bedding ranges from to 2 feet ceous limestone beds and shale in Th r F ure 7 Gra h o umn of ore from i it is r 0 8 terbeds are . e th ck, but gene ally less than common poo ly ig p ic c l c COGEOMAP W-3 Wel in e t on 9 r i r i r r S , foot thick . Bedding planes are plana ndu ated shale is l ght g ay to da k l c i R E T125 6 . In r i , and r r irre u r. r a ely g la the southeast g ay, fiss le, noncalca eous, and up i r r r r 2 i . r r co ne of the quad angle, the membe to feet th ck Mode ately ndu ated r is estimated to be more than 60 feet siltstone in the upper part is g ay (1967) considered it unconformable . hi cr r d r i r r The r is i i i r i t ck, although out ops fo m le ges g een to l ght b own, noncalca eous basal che t d st nct ve, ead ly Th r i r r i in or r 5 15 i . e is r t r r only to feet h gh membe qua tzose, and has a e ca bona ecogn zed float outc op, and r r i the i r only 9 feet thick at the Truebge No . 3 ceous plant f agments and m ca used as mapp ng bounda y of

— i . Th . i r are r e Well (fig . flakes S ltstone exposu es up to the Clo e Degon a contact The T ett is r r 7 i k i r r r r 95 120 yg p obably p esent feet th c , and bedd ng anges Clo e anges f om to feet Th i i 1 in r r it is t i r r i 4 ic . e hic t s 00 hi th oughout the a ea , but h nne f om lam nae to feet th k t k, and feet t ck the - W r l . in the north central and northwest limestone is fossiliferous and b achi Truebger No . 3 e l rn r In e parts of the quad angle . these opods and pelrnatozoans are abun r it i r i r are De oni a Forma ti on The a eas, cons sts of a g ay, fiss le dant; b yozoans common and g gen h i r r s i i shale and a sandstone bed . T e 1 rugosan corals are few. Bedd ng e ally poo ly exposed cla t c un t o - hi a i r r hi r i r - i fo t t ck s ndstone conta ns abun anges f om to feet t ck, and ove ly ng the ca bonate dom nated Th r r i i i dant steink erns of brachiopods it is generally I to feet thick . e Clo e and unde ly ng the K nka d i i S iri er im are r i is r rr e ( nclud ng p f ), pelecypods, and l estone beds gene ally L mestone efe ed to as the D go Th r i r nia r i . e pelmatozoan fragments . Near the slumped and often weathe to an Fo mat on fo mat on was i i ll i De i r T r . r i r west edge of the quad angle, the y hou glass shape Outc ops of l me o g na y des gnated as the gon a W r 1 2 for . 9 0b t is i r r r 5 15 i . get th cke , fo ms small ledges, stone fo m benches to feet th ck Sandstone by S elle ( ) and contains a thin limestone bed 2 The member ranges from 30 to 50 outcrops in Degonia Township in I li i . Th e i e calcilu hi and is 32 ic in r feet th ck l m stone, a feet t ck feet th k the Jackson County, southweste n l 1 r rr i . n 963 W l . tite containing abundant pelrnato Truebger No . 3 e l (fig no s Swa n ( ) efe ed to the r r in The r r i i r e i zoan f agments, c ops out the uppe contact of the fo ma un t as e the the D gon a Sandstone W r r r i r 1 2 i is r i i i or l . av ne at the no th edge of N t on g adat onal, as nd cated by Sha e In the alte sbu g Quad SE i 23 TIZS R5E it re COGEOMAP W-3 ra it i ri litholo , Sect on , , ; sepa the co of the ngle, cons sts of va able i r re is r i r rr r 7 B r al . of r W . et ates feet well so ted , fine ell (fig although axte g es and the efo he e n efe ed

12 able lithologies of the Degonia For mation and underlying the cliff forming sandstones of the Caseyville Formation are referred to i i W as the K nkaid L mestone . S . eller (l 92ob) proposed the name for expo sures along Kinkaid Cre ek in Jack n r l i i . son Cou ty, southweste n I l no s ri i W l in . r As o g na ly def ed by S elle , the Kinkaid included all strata from the top of the De gonia to the base of i the Pennsylvan an . Swann (1963) di vided the formation into three mem bers: the Negli Creek Limestone r Hi Membe at the base, the Cave ll l r in i and Sha e Membe the m ddle, the Goreville Limestone Member at Figure 8 Basal chert bed of Degonia Formation forming a very re sistant ledge in Th r . e G r l w r n 4 l n the top ove Chu ch Sha e Wh tes de Br ne r the nor es orne of e t o 2 T12S R5E. c a e is d i i anch, a th t c S c i , , S i i was ar r i k i r f h r For cated by geologic hammer in the right cente o the p otog aph . sep ated f om the K n a d mation by Swann (1963) but was re I z r i i i to as the De gonia Formation . t is a sorted quart g a ns and s locally v sed as the uppermost and fourth i r 1 r i r i i r i r i t or r i . 953 i N et elat vely th n, non es stant fo ma s l y a g llaceous S eve ( ) membe of the K nka d by elson r i l tion that underlies gentle slopes in petrog aph cally analyze d seven a . the center of the area between the samples of Degonia sandstone and The Kink aid underlies steep Pennsylvanian escarpment and the determined that the predominant slopes below the Pennsylvanian es Lusk Cre ek Fault Z one in the north constituent is quartz (70 He carpment in a na rrow west-south I r r - i west quarter of the quadrangle . t also found clay (t ace to ca west tre nd ng belt in the northwest also crops out along the Hobbs bonate (0 chert (1 feld quarter of the quadrangle and in a Creek Fault Zone in the southeast spar (trace to and traces of wide belt roughly bracketed by the i r quarter of the quadrangle and in sev heavy minerals . Bedd ng anges Raum Fault Zone and the Hobbs F Th r . Th r i eral ravines at the eas t edge of the from to foot thick . e sand C eek ault Zone e fo mat on is Th r i of the r i is 2 r r quadrangle . e complete succes stone po t on fo mat on to often cove ed by talus f om the over i l in r 10 i i r i s i s on can on y be seen the co e of feet th ck and has shale nte beds ly ng Penn ylvan an sandstones . W- W i r r ri in COGEOMAP 3 ell (fig . and nte fe ence pple marks h i r Ne li Creek Limes tone M The Degonia Formation consists some places . T e s ltstone is g ay g ember i r r i r it is Th e N i r im r of shale, mudstone, s ltstone, sand g een and weathe s l ght b own; egl C eek L estone Membe ri i i nd i r . r r . or r the s re a stone, and che t At nea ba e noncalca ous well ndu ated was o g nally named a fo mat on of the formation are several prorni Both sandstone and siltstone contain by Malott a name derived

Th i . r r r r li l i r r . e n nent, wel ndu ated che t beds m ca Beds a ge f om to foot f om st ata exposed along Neg r is r r r and i ri r r r in rr r In che t g ay to g ay b own th ck, and pple ma ks and t ace C eek Pe y County, southe n In i . W i ar r . Th r r uadran weathers whi te to yellow brown . It foss ls e locally p esent e shale d ana the alte sbu g Q in are is r r r r it is r i r occurs beds that to feet g ay to da k g ay and weathe s to gle, p edom nantly a g ay to r i r i r r i r i i r r ri r s . i t is th ck and conta n a e pple ma k l ght b own; poo ly fiss le, non da k g ay l mestone that weathe s

The ic r is 2 re i r r r r . r total th kness of the che t calca ous, and th n bedded (less da k g ay to g ay b own It anges r l il i r r i . ca c ut te i to 5 fee t . The chert is gene ally f ac than foot th ck) f om a that conta ns scat tured m it The r r i is tered bioc lasts r r i and slu ped , but locally uppe pa t of the Degon a to a coa se g a ned i l r Th i r r r b oca ca enite . r r r i . e fo ms a es stant ledge (fig dom nated by g ay to g ay g een, Poo ly exposed shale r is l r i 2 ri r r i r r in in che t local y unde la n by to va egated (blue g ay, ma oon, and nte beds occu some places Th feet of either (1) gray green to gray red brown) noncalcareous shale and the upper part . e shale is gray i r il il noncal r ri r i r to l ght b own, s ty, fiss e, claystone that weathe s to a va e g een, fiss le, noncalca eous to h i i k l r c areous or 2 r r r. T e i s 3 shale ( ) g ay g een, well gated colo un t mass ve, has wea ly ca ca eous, and up to feet

r k r r z r r and r r 2 hi . r i are fossilif so ted , wea ly calca eous, qua t ose a blocky f actu e, anges f om t ck A g llaceous beds E 14 erous: lma z P r i In r COG OMAP i . e to oans t m t siltstone . the co e of to feet th ck p ( en e es - The r is A nastocrinus s r W 3 W . r is ell (fig the che t weakly uppe contact not well ex and g ) , ga t opods, and l r l i in in r EO r i chonetids iri ca ca eous (and unusua ly th n), posed, but the co e of the COG b ach opods ( and sp n ri in i W- W i r are n z r dicati g that the o g al l thology MAP 3 ell (f g . the shale at fe s) abunda t; bryo oans (A was at least in pa rt composed of the top of the De gonia grades rap chimedes and trepostomes) are i m and r s limestone . dly to the overlying Kinkaid Lime co mon; co al and cephalo

i r . i n l r is i r . in i for are r G rva e la oncoids Above the basal che t an nte stone Mapp ng d cates the pods a e , bel l r h n id r of i r i i is 25 50 i . e o o t the val nte bedded sandstone, s lt mat on about to feet th ck p gast opods, and A - r Chaetetella are i i . The r In COGEOM P W 3 r the stone, and shale mode ately to the co e , co al, , d agnost c of T i N i r . r in well indurated sandstone is l ght Degonia is 39 feet thick . the egl C eek ace fossils r r r r weath clude hondrites Z oo h cus and g ay g een to g ay g een and C , p y ,

Kink aid Lime st one i ri rr . ers to light orange brown . It is com L me ho zontal bu ows Layers of gray r fine r i r i ri r r i l r r posed of ve y g a ned , well stone and shale ove ly ng the va to da k g ay, lent cu a che t nod

13 - mm . r r s r ules are co on Low angle c oss c ops out along Ram ey B anch, are r r r h ua r beds are rare . Outcrops gene ally nea the no t edge of the q d an l The il r slumped and bedding is locally wavy. g e . Cave H l Membe is about Bedding thickness varies from to 3 80 to 100 feet thick; it is 92 feet thick MAP W- W l it is n r l 05 ee in COGEO 3 . feet, but ge e al y to f t the e l (fig thick The limestone crops out as rounded ledges that are generally 10 Goreville Limestone Member to 25 fee t high and are often the site of Swan (1963) named the Goreville The m er is ner Lime t e m er for r springs. me b ge ally s on Me b exposu es e hi it is 26 ee r e r i about 25 to 30 fe t t ck; f t nea Buncomb , south of Go ev lle - OGEOMAP W 3 W in n r i i . thick in the C ell Joh son County, southe n Ill no s The er r i i (fig . memb p edom nantly cons sts r r of limestone . It is a g ay to da k Hil Sha le Member r r r i bioc al Cave l g ay, fine to coa se g a ned Swann (1963) named the Cave Hill carenite (commonly crinoidal) that

Shale Member for exposures near weathers light gray to gray brown . i in i h r a i e is r i Cave H ll Sal ne County, sout e n Loc lly, the l m stone a g llaceous er r i r i r r Illinois. The memb gene ally con and nte calated w th g ay to da k Th i i i r r o s . e sists of a basal shale, m ddle l me ol ve g ay calca e u shale i r i r hi r . n stone, and uppe claystone d ve se fau a ncludes b ac opods ’ is 5 10 f t Chonetes S in ei Punctos iri er ro The basal shale to ee ( , p f ; p f , p i r r r i ductids r fenestrates tre th ck, da k g een g ay, fiss le, and ), b yozoans ( , m rh mbo oroids a r . r i osto es o weakly c lca eous B ach opods, p and p ), r elrnatozoan r s r Pterotocrinus Trilo h l b yozoans, and p f ag ga t opods, , p y ’

lit haetetella r h. are il . r es C ments common foss s Nea the , , and sha k s teet top of the basal shale are olive gray Layers of gray chert nodules are calcareous siltstone interbeds to locally common in the limestone i r r 2 F gure 9 Gr p o um of Gore le foot thick; the siltstone crops out beds . Bedd ng anges f om to i a hic c l n vil L mes o e Mem er of Kink d L me hi The lim r i t n b ai i in a small ravine just east of the feet t ck. estone c ops out stone from an abandoned quarryin Sec i — r are r Eddyv lle Golconda oad (SE NE as low ledges that gene ally N in n on 7 T128 R6E. o e the terto uin ti , , t g g

. The TIZ R E . m r NW, e i 35, S, 6 ) S ct on slu ped and poo ly exposed of shale and limestone in the lower mid The i r i r is r m ddle pa t of the Cave H ll best exposu e a nea ly complete dle part. is 60 to 75 feet thick and consists of section of the Gore ville in an aban i i r oned rr . The r limestone containing thin shale nte d qua y (fig Go ev lle the geologic map of Weibel et al . Th li is a l i r is 45 t i it is 43 beds . e mestone we l ndu Membe up to fee th ck; r r r r calcilutite hi in the COGEOMAP W-3 The r r n i ated, g ay to da k g ay to feet t ck G ove Chu ch co s sts of

r rs r i calcare nite W l . r r r i ve y coa e g a ned that e l (fig g ay to g ay g een, fiss le shale and

i . weathers light gray to gray brown . is locally s lty and calcare ous Sev mi i limmtone i Grove Church Sha le Member r i r i A dolo t c bed, wh ch e al lent cula l mestones, to 1 i n r r f r . La a 963 i r in r r . weathe s to bu f, occu s locally y Sw nn ( ) des g ated the uppe foot th ck, occu the uppe pa t ers of gray to black chert nodules most shale the Grove Church Shale These limestones are light gray and d r it r Kin i r r r are in i . an r common the l mestone beds sepa ated f om the ka d , weathe yellow b own to g een g ay, Argillaceous interbeds are to based on the study of exposures and they consist of argillaceous calci in r r r rc r i calcarenite . foot thick and locally laminated . nea Ceda G ove Chu h John lutite and fine g a ned

r i r ns elrna t r i is. r hi r are B ach opods, b yozoa , and p son County, sou he n Ill no Nel B ac opods and b yozoans com 199 1 re ran r . i r i et al . Th is tozoans are common fossils . L me son ( ) duced the k of mon fossils e un t ve y poo ly h r r m r Th stone beds are generally I to 2 fee t t e G ove Chu ch to a me be of exposed . e best exposures of the i ai i ec s the in r i in i . r are r e r r are th ck Outc ops poo ly expos d , the K nk d L mestone b au e G ove Chu ch av nes the

i are era r re re r r i 4 T12S R6E. and the l mestone beds gen lly a exposu s of the G ove Chu ch SE SE, Sect on , , A com re r it i r i r lete re r r slumped . nde mp act cal as a su face p co of the shale was ecove ed i - The upper part of the Cave Hill mapping unit and it is litholog cally from COGEOMAP W 3 Well (fig . 7) i in The r consists of 10 to 15 feet of variegated re lated to the Kinka d a sequence near those ravines . G ove r r r r r i n im r l r ar (g een g ay, oche , and ma oon to of alte nat o s of l estone and Chu ch a so c ops out ne the top

- Th l . et al . 1991 re re i r i in red r . e b own) claystone claystone sha e Nelson ( ) cog of small, south t nd ng av nes in i and s bio nized r r in NE NW i 9 TIZS conta s th n beds len es of , howeve , the membe sev the N , Sect on , , calcirudite Ar r l in h ir u r R6E in l r i that have abundant e a wells t e st dy a ea, a fact , a sma l av ne just south of chimedes Rhombo ora om osita r r is i i 145 in SW i 13 , p , C p , and that suggests the G ove Chu ch Ill no s SE NE, Sect on , lrn r m i T1 R5E in r NW e atozoan r . u 2S p f agments usef l as a subsu face app ng , , and the cente of

fi R E. Th r The r ni . The r rc is identi i 8 TIZS 6 e best exposu es of the Cave u t G ove Chu h SE, Sect on , , G ove

Hill r in ln r if r and h rc is 24 i in re . a e and adjacent to small able the subsu face, co es a C u h feet th ck the co

r i e in e i 4 am e are ai . The r r av n s the SE SE, S ct on and good set of s pl s av lable uppe bounda y of the NE i 9 T128 R6E in i are not i i is is i i i — NE , Sect on , , , and Geophys cal logs alone K nka d the M s ss pp an Penn - The r a short southeast trending ravine in always sufficient for identification of sylvanian unconformity. G ove Th r er r e r in SENE the r. e e i 34 TIZS R6E. the SE, S ct on , , membe fou memb s of Chu ch has be n e oded most The upper p art of the Cave Hill the Kinkaid are not differe ntiated on places at the Mississippian — Pennsyl

14 vanian unconformity; the Goreville tinguishable from Pope Group sand v i and Cave Hill Members are eroded stones . Casey lle sandstones lack i in r ar in some places as well . The Kinka d g pebbles and g anules e ranges from less than 100 feet to at generally coarser grained than Pope

Th r a . least 186 feet thick . e thickest sec G oup s ndstones tion in the Waltersburg Quadrangle N0 complete exposure of the is in r COGEOMAP W-3 v il is n in W r the co e of , Casey le fou d the alte s whi ch contains all four Kinkai d burg Quadrangle bec ause of erosion i r . in s c membe s and fault g; thu , the total th k ness is estimated from composite Mississi ian - Pe nns lvanian pp y Th is ri sections . e thickness va able nc onformi t U y prima rily because the formation was

In W r r r i r . the alte sbu g Quad angle, the depos ted on an uneven su face A — i r E Mississippian Pennsylvanian con US . Fore st Serv ce well nea ddy tact is an irre gular surface overlying ville started below the top of the ril 7 the Kinkai d Formation . The strata Caseyville and d led through 25 CSOUS underlying the contact extend from feet of the form ation without reach r the G rove Church Shale Member ing its base (fig . Co e and out down to the Cave Hill Shale Mem crop studies near the northeast ber r i re r r r i i , and pe haps to the Negl C ek co ne of the quad angle nd cate The to o ra r i t i s i Limestone Member. p g that the fo mat on at a n a th ck 19 1 phi c lows on this surface are occu ness of 375 feet . Nelson et al . ( 9 ) pied by the basal member of the estimated the thickness of Casey r 2 in Caseyville Formation . ville to range f om 00 to 400 feet r Previous studies concur with the the adjacent Eddyv ille Quad angle . i r r i i r r i i 1960 i nte p etat on of w desp ead e os on S nce , most geolog c map prior to deposition of Pennsylvanian makers in southern Illinois have W r 1 i i i l r i . 939 strata J . elle ( ) concluded d v ded the Caseyv l e Fo mat on ' " re- n i r i i W i r that p Pe nsylvan an e os on ex nto the ays de Membe (oldest), i ri i B r r pla ned the va able th cknesses of atte y Rock Sandstone Membe , " " i i F rm i in the r r r the K nka d o at on Don D u y Membe , and Pounds Sand i Br fi 15 r r 1961 , , ( , gola V enna and own eld stone Membe Desbo ough 250 ft

i r B r . 1 6 1 67 r Mi r . et al 9 3 9 nute Quad angles S eve axte , , Baxte and W n Bri r r 1965 N a less stol and Howa d Desbo ough , elson and F r 1 r F r ig u e 0 G aphic column of US . o and Dr r 1 989 1990a l 99ob et al . oste and Kelle ( ) Lumm , , Nelson est Service Eddyv ille guard station well r i -Penns lva N (1987) rec const ucted deta led sub y elson and Lumm e t o 6 TIZS R6E. in S c i n , , nian paleogeologic maps of the Illi ognized a basal Lusk Shale Member ' " W i in W i nois Basin . The maps showed (equivalent to the ays de Mem this text as ays de and Drury r i r -flow ber B r r ir ti p edom nantly southwestwa d ), the atte y Rock Sandstone (a Membe s because of the ques on in r i ra r s a i r l as li lithostrati ra hic g d a nage systems of valleys ng poo ly expo ed sh ley nte va ), and able status va d g p in W ing from a few feet to more than 300 the Pounds Sandstone . Because units the altersburg Quadrangle i in feet deep and up to 20 miles wide . most Pennsylvan an outcrops the " " Waltersburg Quadrangle consist of Wayside Me mbe r Strata ' i r i i . W n is is i r k sandstone, only ays de sa d ove ly ng M s s pp an oc s and PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM i the B r r i i - r stone lent ls , atte y Rock Sand unde ly ng the mass ve bluff fo m r n in B t r are re stone Membe , and the Pou ds g at e y Rock Sandstone Cas e ville Form at ion "W " rr i . y Sandstone Member were mapped . fe ed to as the ays de Member ' " " " The Caseyville Formation comprises The Wayside and Drury Mem Lamar (1925) originally proposed ' if - r i r - - r r are r and ri e W i n the cl f fo m ng, qua tz pebble bea be s poo ly defined desc b d the name ays de sa dstone and " ing sandstone and the associated silt in both their respective type areas shale member for strata exposed and l r i in W r r r W i in i stone, shale, coa ove ly ng and the alte sbu g Quad angle southeast of ays de Un on

i i . v i I i i i r Th r i r is . et al . M ss ss pp an st ata Owen ese membe s cons st of a a ety County, ll no Kosanke " r i i i r r i interton uin r rr i named the fo mat on the Caseyv lle of nte g ad ng and g g efe ed, w thout explana r for r r are i i i as W i Conglome ate, st ata exposed ock types that dom nated by t on, to the un t the ays de Sand

i i r r . r. 1 1 along the Oh o R ve nea Casey fine grained clastics Bo th members stone Membe Nelson et al. ( 99 ) 1 1 ville in western Kentucky. Le e ( 9 6) are poorly exposed and their con re defined the unit as the Wayside i r formally defined the Caseyv lle Fo ma tacts are generally concealed by Member. Lama r (1925) described the i Th r tion and designated and descr bed talus and surficial sediments . e membe as consis ting of lithologi " its i in ai . W i r r dif ri i r type sect on det l ays de and D u y cannot be cally va able, lent cula beds that " The Caseyville is dominated by fere ntiated from each other in areas thicken and thin with confusing i " r r r r i r in r r . ur r ri fine to coa se g a ned , qua tzose whe e the nte ven g Batte y Rock ab uptness He f the desc bed i i n r ri i is e . n r n r sa dstone, cha acte st cally conta n Sandstone abs nt Mapp ng and sa dstone beds that a ged f om in subrounded r rr i i i i i i g qua tz pebbles and co elat on of un ts w th n the Casey th n bedded to mass ve, fine to " " T r ul i r r ul . i l is r r r e i r r i g an es hese pebble and g an e v l e fu the compl cated by fault coa s g a ned , and pu e to a g l i i are r dis T r rr laceous. r r ri in . are re the bea ng sandstones ead ly g hese membe s fe ed to Acco d ng to Lama ,

rumorsG EOLOGICAL 993 G 0 5 1 15 AU . SURVEY LIBRARY Wayside contains shales having lentils rest on or occur just above consis ting of simple trails and bur i i i r i i Mis i r . The r l w de textu al and compos t onal s ss pp an st ata sandstone ows are loca ly common . Plant r hi e r i is i r r i r r are m . anges, and a e, t n b ds of a g l wh te to g ay and weathe s l ght casts also co mon us i r w and r r i The i laceo l mestone, coal, and con tan to b o n has a e L esegang th n bedded sands tone is in

r r . In i . The r i i r r terla ered i i glome ates of qua tz pebbles the band ng g a n s zes ange f om y w th s ltstone and shale . W r r r fine r are er Th e i is r r alte sbu g Quad angle, sand to coa se, but they gen ally s ltstone g ay, qua tzose, non

i i r are iu i a r. are 20 hi stones w th n the membe of med m s zed and sub ngula calc ous, up to feet t ck, and m i The is i Th ri li r r v . e a va able thology, so e of wh ch sandstone a qua tz a en te wa y bedded shale, less th n li i al r the r i h i r r r r 10 e hi r r i r tholog c ly esemble ove ly ng t at conta ns a e da k accesso y fe t t ck, anges f om l ght g ay "

Th Wa i r . Th Battery Rock Sandstone . e y m ne als e medi um to well indu to dark gray to light brown; it is non " i r i i r r a i s r r r i r s de Membe cons sts of nte lay ated s ndstone conta n a e to calca eous, fiss le, and poo ly to i and u r subrounded r i r a r . l it e ed s ndstone, s ltstone, shale, ab ndant ounded to mode ately ndu ated Loca ly, li - r i r in i i i r i coal . Ledge and c ff fo m ng sand qua tz pebbles and shale clasts conta ns s lty nte beds or is s lty ' " i The stones of the Wayside are del ne some places . pebbles occur and contains carbona ceous plant W i i r ated on the geologic map of e bel e the as sca ttered clasts or in con fragments . Conglomeratic sand lomeratic h are 3 i r i hi . et al . g lenses t at up to stone lenses occu w th n t s shale ' Sandstone lentils of the Way fee t thick and contain a ferruginous Clasts in the conglomerate consist " i M r r r . The is r re i r s de embe c op out nea the cement sandstone poo ly to p dom nantly of qua tz pebbles, r m r r r i i r i ri no thwest co e of the quad angle, well so ted, depend ng upon the but also nclude che t, s de te, sand i u r l i r r . are where they cons st p edom nantly amo nt of qua tz pebbles; gene a ly, stone, and shale Shale clasts up - in . Th r i is r i . e ri is of ledge fo m ng sandstone, and the sandstone well so ted Foss l to foot long mat x sand t l i are is r the sou heast ha f of the D xon plant casts locally common, and stone and the cement gene ally h ri r ri ri t ri r la r crossbeds rr i . T e r Sp ngs G aben, p ma ly be ween pple ma ks and p na fe ug nous conglome ate the Raum and Hobbs Cree k Fault are pre sent and locally abundant . lenses are 1 to 3 feet thick . A good r i i i r r i r is tt Zones, whe e they cons st of th ck Bedd ng anges f om foot th ck exposu e of a lens along Bea y i Th NW NE W i . e r in S i bedded sandstone and th n bedded to mass ve sandstone usually B anch the , Sect on B r r r 27 TIZS R6E. r lithofacies . c ops out as a bluff that anges f om , , lack ca bonaceous " W " the r h r re 10 40 i . r in i In no t weste n a a, the to feet h gh In some places, shale occu s the ays de along sandstone is light brown to tan and the sandstone is 80 fee t high or the stre am bed that is pa rallel to the

r li r r it r . in i 13 weathe s ght b own to g ay; fo ms two ledges Raum Fault Zone Sect on ,

r r r to i m the TI ZS R6E. o r i anges f om ve y fine med u Between Raum and Hobbs , S ft g ay shale conta n r i is r r i in r r i r i g a ned but gene ally fine C eek Fault Zones, th ck bedded g f agmenta y plant mp ess ons " " Thi ni is r r i W i e i i r in roadcut i i grained . s u t a qua tz a en te ays de sandston conta n ng c ops out a along Ill no s i i r re r r rh i r r 145 in SE SE e i 14 conta n ng a da k accesso y n qua tz pebbles closely esembles the NE , S ct on , i T R E. Th r are uban u the r . 12S 6 r r r i . e i s e al g a ns g a ns g Batte y Rock Sandstone In , Soft sed ment defo ma i i i lar subrounded l rt . are s to and we l so ed some places, these pebbles con t on (slumped bedd ng) common " " " " The moderately to well indurated centrated within the Wayside where the Wayside consists of in

i r ded l . sandstone contains rare shale clasts . sandstone; pebbles w thin the Bat te bed sha e and sandstone (fig ' " Bedding ranges from foot thick tery Rock are more uniformly dis The thin bedded Wayside litho i r i r i i r ri r . i r to mass ve, and bedd ng su faces t buted th oughout the sandstone fac es ove l es, unde l es, and late " " i T W i r i i are irregular in some places . R pple hese ays de sandstones also ally g ades nto the th ck bedded " " - - h r marks are common and low angle contain iron cemented conglom Wayside sandstones . T e late al crossbeds r ri eratic i are r r r i is r (gene ally o ented south lenses, wh ch cha acte g adat on exposed nea the east r w southwest) are common in some istically ra re in the Battery Rock . edge of the quad angle bet een the

Th i i The e li fa u r F . places . e sandstone spl ts nto two thin b dded tho cies of the Ra m and Hobbs C eek ault Zones " " ' or r or i are W i er is r The W i r in mo e tongues, lent ls, that ays de Memb poo ly to mod ays de Membe the separated by mostly covered inter eratelyexposed and composed of northwestern part of the quadrangle il is 120 i re it l r 5 40 and . va s and fo m ledges to feet sandstone, s tstone, shale, coal up to feet th ck whe fills a - l v r ls r The is i i r re n i a eo alle . The thick. Inte va of poo ly exposed sandstone wh te to l ght g ay p Pe nsylvan an p y r r shale 5 to 1 0 feet thick are interca and weathers light tan to brown . It outc op patte n of the sandstone i l in i i ale ov alle i . The is is r r lated w th sandstone shale ve y fine to fine g a ned, we l beds nd cates the p y r r r r i durated r l l r r r - r g ay to da k g ay and weathe s l ght , and gene a ly we l so ted, t ends no theast southwest, nea ly gray to brown; it is moderately fis except where quartz pebbles are pre parallel to Illinois 145 . In the east

In . Th e r r r r i re . o is s le and noncalca ous s me sent sandstone a qua tz cent al pa t of the quad angle, the

it i a r r ni i r re r r is re 120 i . places , conta ns abund nt ca bona a e te that conta ns a accesso y membe mo than feet th ck Th r hi bed mi r l i . i e ceous plant fossils . dark ne a s and m ca Bedd ng best exposu es of the t ck ' " Le ntils of thick bedded Wayside generally is tabular and less than ded Wayside in this area are along r in the s hi i ic ar e r in r i sandstone c op out southea t foot t ck, but occas onal lent ul B atty B anch and av nes along

the i ri r are 3 e hi . r ar half of D xon Sp ngs G aben, beds up to fe t t ck Low the east edge of the map a ea, p p rimarily between the Raum and angle crossbed s occur in some ticularly in the area around the SW

24 TIZS R6E. T . i m r i r . are Hobbs C eek Fault Zones hese len places R pple a ks common to Sect on , , tils generally overlie thin bedded abundant; their cre st orientations Structural movements in the " " W Di ri r in i r are l i r . l ays de sandstones; howeve , at loca ly d ve gent Sma l load xon Sp ngs G aben may have r a i i r s are l i i i scatte ed loc l t es along Beatty casts, flute casts , and tool ma k f uenced depos t on of the th n bed ' " Br r a tr i W i lithofacies i is anch and along Lusk C eek, the locally abund nt and ace foss ls ded ays de , wh ch

1 6

W r 1 r 1939 . 940 De less , J elle , sbo ough Mapping now in p rogre ss indicates that the Battery Rock and Pounds Sandstone Members cannot m r be re adily identified and differe nti a ine " " ated in the Drury type area in the

Makanda Quadrangle . The status of " the Drury as a valid member is questionable because of its uncer

i e i i . i i ta n d fin t on In add t on, the " " Drury and the Wayside Members cannot be differe ntiated where the

Battery Rock Sandstone is absent . " " Th r M r is r ' ' e Dru y embe poo ly UIIOWS exposed in the Waltersburg Quad rangle and was not mapped as a "D separate unit . The rury has been generally faulted out of sequence UI'I'OWS and crops out only in a large ravine northeast of Raum and in a small a re a along the Raum Fault Zone in Th i r Avery Hollow. e un t gene ally forms a gentle slope beneath the Figure 13 Graphic column of core is cov Pounds Sandstone and often - from COGEOMAP W 2 Well in Section r l r . e ed by ta us f om the Pounds A 1 TIZ R E. 5, S, 6 complete top -to-bottom core of the " " " Drury was recovered from the CO The Drury in the COGEOMAP - 12 - MAP W l W . W 12 GEO ell (fig ) and a 1 core (fig . ) consists of more partial core was recovered from the than 120 feet of interbedded silt - COGEOMAP W 2 W l . hi r e l (fig stone, shale, t n conglome ate, and Th the Th r e outcrop sequence of two thin coals . e lowe contact " Drury in the large ravine northeast of with the underlying Battery Rock

a m SW e ti 12 NW r is r n i i . R u ( , S c on , and , Sec Sandstone Membe t a s t onal i 13 SE i 14 TIZS R6E is The i r r t on , , Sect on , , ) th ck, da k g ay shale at the top 70 i i a ri i r i about feet th ck and d spl ys va conta ns scatte ed mollusks, nclud

i . r able litholog es (fig The lowe coal ing a small orthoconic cephalopod . is argillaceous and probably equiva The shale may correlate with a goni lent to the Gentry Coal Bed that was atite-bearing shale in the Eddyville 1 r r . D ed x et al 963 r et al. mapp to the east (Ba te , Quad angle ( eve a x r and es r 1965 x ret The i and r r Ba te D bo ough , Ba te m ddle uppe pa ts of " " 1 so D fi " al. 967) and to the north (Nel n and the rury were recovered om the Fig ure 1 4 Graphic column of Drury

mm 1990a . re m re r 37 in the r CO Lu ) A st a bed exposu lowe most feet co e of memb r of s vi l Form t on rom e Ca ey l e a i , f NW NW 1 T1 R E - ( , ec i 3, 2S, 6 ) GEOMAP W 2 W ( . 13) ere it measure d se on r vi e in E1 2 SW NE S t on of ell fig wh cti in a a n / ,

l is in . Th n 12 T ai e Sec o 12S R6E. the coal cont ns lycopod eaves and dom ated by shale contact ti , , DiMi l i r in eri o r W. . che e h pt d spe m axes ( A , w t the ove ly g Pounds Sand m ni i Th e r o W . 1 r r is r i . 3 and rt pe s nal com u cat on, stone Membe g adat onal ell (fig ) the uppe pa r - dark g ay to black shale above this from COGEOMAP W l Well (fig . coal contains abundant carbonaceous Pounds Sandst one Me mbe r The Pounds consists chiefly of

a i re i . i The r the n in r r i is i i pl nt mp ss ons In the m ddle, the uppe of two sa dstones qua tz a en te that wh te to l ght contains an argillaceous coal the Caseyville Formation is referred gray and weathers tan to light bed 0 i r it is i r 5 to foot th ck. to as the Pounds Sandstone Mem b own; med um to coa se

i r i ber. The is i re r i r r r i in A lent cula body of s ltstone, sandstone w desp ad, g a ned and ve y coa se g a ned

10 i in r i in r s f r . The r r i are about feet th ck, a av ne the fo m bluf s , and bea s abundant some places qua tz g a ns W r 1 4 r r r r 1 2 e i 12 r s . 9 0 n sub ounded cente E / E SE, S ct on , qua tz pebble ] elle ( ) suba gula to ; da k T13S R5E is i i in m er for r in i ral i are r r as are , tentat vely ncluded named the me b st ata m ne s and m ca a e, " " i i l i ir i r r r. The s n l i i the D u y Membe s ltstone Pou ds Ho low (Ga lat n County) , L esegang band ng and on ox de i r Th r . r r r il r l in i . e r ain in or i g ay, m caceous, a g laceous, and southe n I l o s Pounds c ops g coat gs S t ng anges f om - i n r . i The . 2 or i m i conta ns pla t f agments s lt out south southwest of Rock (figs , po to med u , depend ng upon stone is overlain and underlain by a in a narrow northeast- trending the amount of quartz granules and z r massive sandstone that bears quartz belt on the northwest side of the pebbles pre sent . Quart g anules

is i r r or are r r . pebbles and e the Batte y Rock Raum Fault Zone, and just west of and pebbles a e to abundant - hi r i . T are r i il i . r Pounds Alte nat vely, the s tstone Eddyv lle A nea ly complete top to hey w te to g ay wh te, sub may occur entirely within the bottom core of the Pounds was re rounded to rounded and generally Pounds and not as part of the covere d from COGEOMAP W-2 scattered; they are aligned along " "

i in . Drury. bedd ng planes some places Pla

1 8 F ure 1 5 Po ds andstone M mber of s l Forma on ormin ures ue blu s sou w es of Rock ig un S e Ca eyvi le ti f g pict q ff th t , ir m r SW SW SE SE e ion 2 T13S R5E. The b u s are e ass e a e e rounded ed es and in , S ct , , l ff typical in th iv pp a anc , l g , °

i 4 NE. honeycomb weathering . These strata d p about nar crossbe ds and ripple marks are the base of the Sebree Sandstone in bearing quartz are nites of the Casey Th r i l m in r l westem c . e r i it is i com on the mode ately to we l Kentu ky uppe boun v l e Fo mat on, but d fficult to r i i i r indurated sandstone . Be dding dary of the fo mat on has been d st nguish f om the underlying 1 12 Tr w r r ic mas r i r tim 9 b ade ater . anges f om foot th k to ev sed seve al es (Glenn , sandstone Th r r rm Lee 1916 n 1922 Wa 1939 The tr i a i . e s ve membe gene ally fo s , Gle n , nless , pe olog c ch nge between Th r il bluffs 10 to 40 feet thick . e mem Kehn but the lowe boundary the Caseyv le and younger Pennsyl

l . 1960 i r r i r h . a a ber contains a few nte beds of shale as not Kosanke et ( ) aban van n ocks is g adational . Potter i un m doned Tradewater in r 1958 ifi Penns l and s ltstone and a local, na ed the name favo and Glass ( ) class ed y Th in NE the F r i I li coal . e coal crops out the SE of Abbott and Spoon o ma van an sandstones of the l nois Ba

i 32 TIZS R6E it is i . i i r sin i hr r : r SE SE, Sect on , , ; up t ons Jacobson c t ng p ob nto t ee g oups an o tho hi i r r i m i if r i i the r ar zi i r v ill F r to foot t ck, lent cula , and a g l le s w th d fe ent at ng latte qu t t c g oup (Casey e o ma r i n i i r r~ ti r i i r laceous . o r s n r fo mat ons a eg onal ba s, esu on), a t a s t onal g oup (lowe half r n is litholo i rected Tradewater F r Tradewater F rm ti and In gene al, the Pou ds g the name o ma of o a on), a sub W r r l i i r t r c i . r r w r r ca ly s m la to the Bat e y Ro k t on In the alte sbu g Quad angle, g ay acke g oup (uppe half of Sandstone except that quartz peb the Tradewater forms a wide north Tradewater Formation and younger r - cr i T bles are smaller and less nume ous east southwest out op belt com Pennsylvan an sandstones) . hey de are ri i r c in cri C il in the Pounds . Most pebbles less p s ng most of the bed o k the s bed the aseyv le sandstones as in i r r the i ri si i ri ri r z 95% than foot d amete , and they no thwest half of D xon Sp ngs con st ng p ma ly of qua t (

r . are sca ttered throughout the sand G aben detrital component) . Carbonate is a Th Tr dewater r i is . e a r r stone Fo mat on seconda y component, and feldspa , The P r r 20 75 i i i r ri ounds anges f om to composed of sandstone, s ltstone, l th c f agments, mat x clay, and

i . Th i Th r is mi are r re . e r i hi . e feet t ck lowe contact not shale, and th n coal beds Sandstone, ca a t ans t onal sand ° exposed but is sharp in the core of roughly 1 2 to 2/3 of the total inter stones consist of quartz (83 /o detrital - i r i COGEOMAP W 2 W l . The r s r r r r e l uppe val, ve y fine to coa se g a ned component) and seconda y ca bon i s an i Th contact is poorly exposed; the con and conta n local shale clasts d ate (dom nated by siderite) . ey was i r z r r z are i r r tact mapped at the h ghest expo qua t g anules; qua t pebbles also have sl ghtly mo e feldspa , w r re of ri r . Trade ate a are i i r ri an d su sandstone bea ng qua tz absent s ndstones l th c f agments, mat x clay, Th i ra i re i a il pebbles . e contact is often at the m ne log cally less matu than m ca th n does the Caseyv le . Potter i r vi and i 1958 r riz top of a mass ve bluff; howeve , the those of the Casey lle, conta n and Glass ( ) cha acte ed the " i or r i r i i r i r i i r i contact was sl ghtly above a ledge mo e m ca, feldspa , l th c g a ns, t ans t on g oup as be ng somewhat " i W ri r i i c . bluff in some are as . and nte st t al lay eathe ng of less well sorted and having more an r r i r r these accesso y g a ns p oduced gular g ains than the Caseyville . Tradewat er Forma ti on iron oxide grain coatings; Tradewa The Tradewater Formation in this Strata dominated by subgraywacke ter sandstones thus generally quad rangle generally consists of a sandstones and fine grained clastics weather to a darker color than composite sequence of three infor i r ti Tr w r overlying the Caseyv lle Fo ma on Caseyville sandstones . ade ate mal lithologic members: lower shale are re rr Tradewater For a r r r i n r i fe ed to as the s ndstones appea p og ess vely and sa dstone membe , m ddle The Tradew ater For i r l i l re u i . r r mat on name, less m ne a og ca ly matu p sandstone membe , and uppe r Th r . Th i r r i e l r. e u ri mat on, was p oposed by Glenn wa d th ough the fo mat on sha ey membe bo nda es of (1912a) for the interval between the youngest Tradewater sandstone is these members are poorly exposed e vill r i i i i r and r and ir r l top of the Cas y e Fo mat on and d st ngu shable f om the pebble poo ly defined , the late a The 1977 1978 r ai r i is . and in extent not well known mem , ) and unde l n by soft to fine g a ned , conta s suban e r re r r in r i 1 l r r r i i b s , the fo e , we e not mapped claystone and ove la n by up to gu a qua tz g a ns and some m ca i r i i i for i re r r and r . is r in d v dually th s po t, although foot of claystone, f able sandstone, da k m ne als It fo med r mi - r i or r l hi is r i the tops of p o nent ledge fo m ng a conglome ate of sha e clasts and beds to foot t ck, es stant,

eo rti in . Th i sandstone are shown on the g coal pa cles a sandstone matri x and contains shale clasts . e s lt Th logic map of Weibel et al . e lower shale and sandstone stone is well sorted quartzose and member of the Tradewater contains contains abundant carbonaceous nd sandst one i r r Lower shale a i ul r . is l i r lent c a sandstone bod es, gene plant f agments It we l ndu ated me mbe r The lower member of ally in the middle part but also near and has planar bedding less than T Tr w r h . de ate i . T e is r r the Tradewater Formation consists the base hese basal a foot th ck shale g ay to da k

e ma ire r i r r and i . oc of a poorly exposed sequence that sandston s y d ctly ove l e the g ay, noncalca eous , fiss le It

il . i in The r s ri r i i . ranges from 50 to 85 feet thick . It is Caseyv le p ev ously de c bed cu s un ts up to foot th ck dominated by shale and contains basal interval in Section 28 is suc The upper part of the lower shale ded i k i r r is litholo i lenticular sandstones and thin dis cee by a th c lent cula sand and sandstone membe g

i . . The r r 16 i continuous coals . stone sandstone gene ally cally va able (fig ) and cons sts i Th forrns or hi i . e The lower contact and base of the one two t n ledges that of shale, s ltstone, and th n coal r r is r r i . Thi l is r , i , r fo mation not exposed; howeve , ove l e the basal shale sequence s sha e da k g ay fiss le ca bona is r im e uiv a ceous i it is present in the core of COGEO sandstone app ox ately q , and commonly conta ns plant

- 1 ri f i . r in , MAP W 2 Well (fig . 3) where the lent to the G ndsta f Sandstone foss ls Coal c ops out the SE SE M r rm i i 29 T12S R6E in top of the Caseyville Formation embe , Abbott Fo at on, of Bax Sect on , , , and the cen

ter D r 1965 Bax ter i 32 T12S R6E. The grades upward into a claystone con and esbo ough ( ) and NE , Sect on , , 2 The is ter et al . et al. 1991 is i , in taining root casts . claystone Nelson ( ) coal to feet th ck conta s a r - r i r i succeeded by a thin argillaceous mapped lowe Abbott sandstone len foot clay pa t ng, and ove l es a

r r i r i r i i r i r . coal and a da k g ay, abundantly t ls at about the same st at g aph c l ght g ay claystone w th oot casts

i i r i i in r i in e i 29, r 1 bioturbated siltstone . A s m la suc pos t on adjacent quad angles to At the s te S ct on the uppe i r i h . s cession is exposed in the large the north and nort west foot of the coal a g llaceous and Th r r i 7 e r r ravine east of the COGEOMAP well e sandstone of the lowe shale unde l es about fe t of da k g ay in SW NW i 14 T12S and r Tr a i n the , Sect on , , sandstone membe of the ade sh le that conta ns abundant pla t W r is i i r r i s i ISGS R6E ri . ( , as desc bed by H anless wate wh te to l ght g ay and comp ess on unpubl shed

1934 n li ISGS r u f i k r ; it is . i . ( , u pub shed field weathe s b f to p n to b own field notes by M Hopk ns and R

r 1 7 . r The i r l r i m r i P , 96 , notes) . nte va , at an aban gene ally fine to med u g a ned eppe s and R Peppe s and Th doned i i is r and r r r fine or r . , e m ne s te, an upwa d suc a ely ve y coa se R Jacobson coal at the Th i in ti 32 is r i l i r r i i r . e cess on of soft claystone, coal, da k g a ned and well ndu ated s te Sec on pa t al y exposed i 1 i . is r ini n i r i are r , r, g ay shale conta ng pla t foss ls, g a ns well so ted subangula and foot th ck It palynolog cally i r r i i r ri i i r i l m caceous shale, ve y fine g a ned dom nated by qua tz and have va s m la to the Sm th coa bed of the i r of r r rhi r Tradewater F r i in sandstone w th oot casts, claystone able amounts accesso y da k n lowe o mat on west i ern R. rs r t i r s r r erals and i , r r ( , w th oot ca ts, and da k g ay to m ca and a e clay Kentucky Peppe w t en i i i The i r in i . i is , black shale . Coal that c ops out a coat ngs L esegang band ng commun cat on foss l - i r are i r r i r i m . , small no theast t end ng av ne, just locally com on Shale lam nae and flo a dom nated by lycopods

— i r i i Le idodendron east of the Eddyv ille Golconda road interbeds are rare . Bedd ng anges nclud ng stems of p tum i i i . aculea NW i 22 TIZS R6E is r i ( 1 ) , , , ( SE, Sect on , , ) , f om th n less than ft to mass ve fol age cones and st g i r are r r ri r i r i also probably equivalent to the coal R pple ma ks a e to common, ma an oot mp ess ons (James Jen l i i i r i r in t i r . The nin s, r , ri W . hi desc bed by anless At t s s te, pa t cula ly the h nne beds g pe sona commun cat on i r or T is rli r the coal is overlain by gray silty sandstone crops out as e the one h coal ove es g ay mas In r e i 28 t hi i l rli r shale . the cente of S ct on , two ledges hat have a total t ck s ve c aystone and unde es poo ly Th i r i r fine r i T12S R6E Tradewater in r i r 5 30 . e ndu ated, s lty, ve y g a ned , , the basal ness ang ng f om to feet is i i r i r terval consists of light gray to gray sandstone s m la to the Pounds sandstone that has shale nte beds l is r eb 2 3 hi . shale and siltstone with scattered Sandstone, except that qua tz p ( to feet t ck) Above the sha e In are i re ac ; it is r r thin sandstone beds . the south bles absent and sl ghtly mo a sandstone o ange b own to i r i r i r ar r r n cessor i r are r . n , , west qu te of the quad a gle, the y m ne als p esent A u t b own med um g a ned mode i i i r r basal part loc ally contains a coal that of fine gra ned sandstone and s lt ately ndu ated and so ted, and i t l i r r was mined in the center of the S 1 /2 stone l es be ween the sandstone loca ly cemented w th da k b own i i o ir i . s The er r r. l 2 i 12 T13S R5E. S / , Sect on , , and the upp pa t of the membe on ox de Bedd ng to fo t The i is is i r r i The re lenticu thick . sect on capped by a coal nte p eted , on the bas s of best exposu s of these mid i i P r un lar n are in r r i coarse grained sandstone of the palynolog cal analys s ( eppe s, sa dstones the la ge av ne

W 28 T12S R6E r. i ISGS in the S , e i , , , publ shed data, to be NE S ct on dle sandstone membe and r in r younger than the Reynoldsburg along Lusk C eek the cente , Th Middle sandst one me mbe r R E. r r the i 32, T12S, 6 e Coal Bed , olde than Manley Sect on co e of i i COGEOMAP W-2 W i 24 The middle sandstone member of Coal Bed , and poss bly equ valent to ell ncludes Tradewater r i rm the Tunnel Hill Coal Bed (Nelson et feet of this sandstone (fig . the Fo mat on fo s 1 r i the i re al. 991) and the Bell Coal Be d of Late ally equ valent to len ledges and cl ffs along Lusk C ek i r i ticular is i in rt r r weste n Kentucky. The coal m ned sandstone a success on of the no he n pa t of the D xon i r t i ri r rre in Section 12 reportedly was as nte bedded , h n bedded sand Sp ngs G aben and along Qua l Th r e in r r ra i . e as hi W n un , , C e k the southe n pa t of the g much feet t ck ( a less, stone s ltstone and shale sand T is is i i l is r . li ISGS 1934 , 1 i , ben h sandstone l tholog cal y pub shed field notes, , stone up to foot th ck ve y fine

20 IOWS

gure 1 6 Graphic columns of mea sure d sections in the Tradewater Formation within the Dixon Springs Graben demonstrating

D is the to of the se t ons and is a ro m e . complex lithofacies changes . atum p c i pp xi at and stratigraphically similar to the The sandstone is interbedded in sandstone overlying the middle Fi i r the i r r r noncal r Tr nn e Sandstone Membe of places w th ve y da k g ay, sandstone membe of the ade

i l r r r r. T r r F r i r et al. careous o are l Abbott o mat on of Baxte , fiss le sha e ve y da k wate hese ocks ough y 1967 i r r i r i mi - r Ab ( ) and the m ddle Abbott sand g ay to b own, well ndu ated, non equ valent to the ddle uppe

f i i . F r i r r o et al . re and De sbo stone Nelson calca ous, lam nated s ltstone bott o mat on of Baxte in i 21 29 1 The mi l a s r r 965 r et al . dd e s nd tone membe Along Lusk C eek Sect ons , , ough ( ) and Baxte is li r r 31 32 T128 R6E ire in i et ght g ay to buff and weathe s , and , , , the ent and to the ol ve shale of Nelson brown gray to dark brown; it is me terval becomes shaley and thin to al. dium r i r re or r i m it is i The r is r mi g a ned , a ly fine coa se med u bedded , and not eas ly membe p edo nantly

r i d d r i i i i r ni . i r r g a ne , and mo e ately to well ndu d st ngu shed f om adjacent u ts composed of l ght g ay to buff, ve y

r . The r i s are u r The i r r i ated g a n subang la , m ddle sandstone membe fine to fine g a ned sandstone that r r r fr 25 135 r r r mode ately to well so ted, and anges om about to feet weathe s yellow b own to o ange Th inn r . i . I i r e i dominated by quartz . M ca and dark thick t s th e to the southeast b own sandstone is dom nated r i r z B minerals are rare to common; lithic where it is finer g a ned and g ades by quart and contains mica . ed The in is r 1 fragments and clay grain coatings are into underlying strata . sand d g gene ally less than foot i i rare . This sandstone contains more stone is thickest adjacent to and th ck and bedd ng planes are irregu Ri nonquartz components than does southeast of the Lusk Creek Fault lar. pple marks and shale clasts

i i r i . i . Th r s l and r are Th Caseyv lle sandstone . L esegang band Zone e lowe contact gene a ly pa t ngs common e sand in is and i r r it is it is r i r i g common, the un t locally cove ed; whe e exposed, cuts stone gene ally nte bedded w th i s a t r r z r n l i n r i r r r i conta n sc t e ed qua t g a u es down nto the u de ly ng shale and ve y da k g ay to black, fiss le shale,

r. Th r r r r in i and shale clasts . Bedding ranges from sandstone membe e uppe con g ay to da k g ay lam ated s lty hi is r of r is r r r to feet t ck and gene ally tact the membe shown on the shale, and g ay to b own qua tzose

i . Th r i anar i i W i et al . e s r pl ; t is locally wavy to irre gular. geolog c map ( e bel s ltstone membe poo ly Low-angle crossbeds and ripple exposed and occurs only in the syn er shale me mbe r The i r i ri r marks are common in some places . Upp y cl nal a ea of the D xon Sp ngs G a r in Th The sandstone forms ledges 5 to 35 youngest bed ock strata the ben adjacent to Lusk Creek . e r i i i feet high . Waltersburg Quad angle consist of th ckest sect on exposed s about 100

i r al i . nte bedded sh e, s ltstone, and feet

21 SURFICIAL GEOLOGY

INTROD CTION METHOD l colated e f U OLOGY g y , and analyz d or diffrac i The surficial geology of the Walters t on spectra of the common clay and Fie ld Met hods n n la i r o c . In i burg Quadrangle was studied as y m ne als th s method, i r m re r in part of a cooperative project be Because exposed Quaternary sec the nst u ent co ds peaks the r i 1 r i are r r in r i i eg on of 7 Aas expandable clay tween the Depa tment of Geology, t ons a e southe n Ill no s, mi r l 10 A i i 7 A Southern Illinois University at Car samples of the surficial materials ne a s, as ll te, and as i i ri r l i r t . SIUC and ISGS. The e uli i kaol n te and chlo e bondale ( ), the we e co l cted w th a hyd a c so l ’ r 1985 is i surficial materials studied include probe (Giddings Machine Com G aham s ( ) method mod fied ro 1 r i nonlithified i r r r f m Hallberg et al . ( 978) and all the elat vely soft, pany), wh ch ecove s co e and is r i sediments that cover the Paleozoic auger samples 6 to 15 meters (20— 50 based on a out ne method used ISGS r u r i Th i . m r bedrock of the reg on . e depos ts ft) deep Sa ples were gene ally col by the to scan la ge n mbe s of m for r i r i i formed during the Quaterna ry lec ted with a slotted tube that sa ples st at g aph c and class ficati n r ri re i i r r i o pu poses . This method Pe od , the most cent geolog c y elded co es app ox mately cm i i r r or in i l i r l . y elds usefu clay m ne a ogy data t me period The Quate na y depos ft) 5 cm ft) d ameter. for r ri i its r r unconforrnit r l i cha acte z ng Quaternary sedi cove a majo y, a Samples we e also col ected w th a r r r break in the geologic record that rep flight auger 5 cm ft) in diame ments; howeve , many facto s othe ri i i r a resents almost 300 million years be ter. D ll s tes were selected not only than clay m ne alogy may ffect i r tween the Paleozoic and Quaternary on the basis of landscape position peak he ght, and the accu acy of the is l fi and i i i l m . ri . re sur method not we docu ented Pe ods In the study a a the access b l ty, but also on the T r r cl i the cial i si si r for i i he efo e, con us ons made on depos ts con st of loess, allu ba s of p ospects obta n ng the si ri i m i ri i uncon ba s of compa sons between clay v u , colluv um, lacust ne most complete success ons of li rfi i i r r hi r r i and r r i su c al ri . m ne alogy data f om t s epo t depos ts, weathe ed es dual so dated mate als i r r r i in and clay m ne alogy data deter material derived from the bedrock . Co es we e descr bed detail mined by similar methods using dif Surficial geologic materials may under field moisture conditions . ferent i r m i t r re r l r i struc nst u ents should be used conta n na u al sou ces, such as Munse l colo , mottles, so l

i i . r n r or and r r r re or w th caut on g ou dwate sand g avel tu e , textu e, p sence absence of T ir i i r i r m c x r . i agg egates he compos t on, th ck ca bonate m ne als , anganese Const ruc tion of the i r ri i ide ir i r i ness, and phys cal cha acte st cs de , on ox de conc et ons, and T St a c k -Unit Map termine the suitability of a site for other features were described . ex i n c i i r was r i l i The i ri i surficial i spec fic la d uses, su h as a mun c tu e dete m ned fo low ng the d st but on of depos ts

US . D r m ri r lithostrati ra hic i is pal landfill or industri al complex . epa t ent of Ag cultu e tex ( g p un ts) a func ifi The ri i The characteristics of the surficial de tural class cation . weathe ng tion of the depos tional conditions i r i r i riz r i i i r i pos ts also affect d a nage, g ound zone (so l ho ons) te m nology and the postdepos t onal e os onal i i ff r Th r re r im s rv i i . s wate cha ge, and the pact of used that of So l Su ey Sta h sto y of each un t e e two fac r i ir r h i i i F r r i s i ce ta n env onmental haza ds, suc w th mod ficat ons by oll to s cause complex elat on h ps il r as flooding and earthquakes on the mer et al . and So Su vey among the stratigraphi c units in the - i m r r . i regi on . Staff Geolog c sa ples we e study a ea A stack un t map (Kemp This investigation included collected from the cores for labora ton 1981) illustrates the areal and

(1) cha racteri zing the surficial mate tory analyses . vertical di stri bution of geologic ma rials in terms of particle size terials to a given depth below the a o Labor t ry Methods - i ri i c i r r . ra i e i d st but on, lay m ne alogy, and su face A gene l z d stack un t thickness; (2) summarizing the strati The particle size distribution of the map was prepared by combining in graphy of the surficial deposits samples was determined at the formation obtained from 20 borings

i i W r r r SIUC r m . i in r i r i w th n the alte sbu g Quad angle; Depa t ent of Geology A p made the a ea, f eld obse vat ons, - t ri r (3) preparing a detailed stack unit pet e method desc bed by G aham and hand angering . Additional infor iz map of the surficial deposits (Oliver (1985) was used . Particle s e classes mation on the distri bution and 4 i the r r o i t t r r- r ri ( ) assess ng esou ce p nclude clay (less han mm), na u e of the nea su face mate als tential r r i i r i r n i ur of the Quate na y depos ts, fine s lt mm), coa se s lt came f om the cou ty so l s vey i i 0 02— 0 62 and — 2 r rt P r il re r ro nclud ng shallow groundwater and ( mm), sand epo ( a ks So po ts p aggregate; and (5) evaluating the mm) . vided information on the distri suitabili ty of the surficial materials Clay mineralogy of the samples bution and nature of near-surface r i SIUC X-ra in i for i ri . i spec fic land uses . was dete m ned at by y mate als Maps ncluded the so l analysis of ori ented slides of the less report show the distri bution of par - Th r than mm fraction . e clay f ac ticular soil series in the study area i d a i ri and are u in i i i i t on was place on gl ss sl des, d ed, usef l d st ngu sh ng ma 1 i r l r Table 2 Relation between modern reasons: ( ) the so l maps and the cont ol ed to a la ge extent by the soil series and Quaternarymap units. minute topographic base of the geomorphic p rocesses of erosion - i i i i stack unit map are at different and eol an depos t on . This expla ns la d i r i i i i Up n so ls scales, and the topog aph c base the d st nct on between the Grantsburg (generally s lopes does not show the subtle changes in sequence of surficial deposits in the less than slope identified on the soil maps; present upland and lowland posi Hobbs i 2 in i i . and ( ) geolog c mapp ng, data t ons Z ane il enerall l e sv le (g ys op s from deep borings must be inte The nature and origin of the t a less h n - lith tra i ra hi grated with near surface data . In upland and valley os t g p c r i ri r and edostrati ra hic ni obser Sideslo es gene al, geolog c mate al mo e than p g p u ts p W Beasely 5 fee t below ground surface has lit ved in the altersburg Quadrangle - i ri . 17 ri in Muskingum Be rks tle effect on the type of so l se es at (fig ) are desc bed this section . l t n The i i Wel s o a site . upland depos ts cons st of loess Wellston-Be rks A detailed stack-unit map of the overlying residuum on flat to moder Z anesville (generally slopes Waltersburg Quadrangle was pre ately sloping surfaces that have not m re than o pared at a scale of (Oliver been substantially reworked by allu Th v Th ri for i i r . e al Lowland (C ahokia) e bounda es the stack v al and colluv al p ocesses i r r i i r i r Belknap units should be cons de ed t ans ley depos ts ove l e bed ock in the Ginat tional and used only for general bottomlands and consist of lacus S haron evaluations of the surficial geologic trine strata or alluvial material or

The r i . Weinbach materials . maps do not p ov de both sufficient data for site-specific inter Lowland (Cahokia/Equality) is re tations. A copy of the map Lithostrat i ra hi c ni t s Belknap p g p U i for i e i in ISGS Bonnie ava lable nsp ct on the Upland Forma t ions r Libra y. R k O tcr oc u op Oak form at ion This is an infor k L n S andstone Roc a d 1 1 mal unit (Nelson et al . 99 ) used for classifying the unconsolidated r i r i t i i i r ri ri ri in n St at g aph c s ud es fac l tate unde mate al, p ma ly stable upla d j or landscape and geologic bounda standing of the origin of the units areas in the Waltersburg Quadran l li r hic r i fr r for rre re i r 10 ri . Th urfi a thostrati a es e s ci g p and p ov de a amewo k co gle, st ng on bed ock and below ir r r I i n r i units were interpreted from the soil lating and predicting the cha acte ess . t s a sa dstone es duum with Th r i i i i map units (table and occurrence . e elat onsh ps of abundant sandstone pebbles w th n The preparation of a stack -unit the surficial deposits is classified as a yellowish brown to brownish yel r ir i i 1 chronostrati ra hic i r ri of or map equ es some subject ve dec ( ) g p (t me ela low mat x clay, sandy clay, Th i in ri can tionshi s 2 lithostrati ra hic m . e Oak is i i e s ons; some cases, bounda es p ), ( ) g p clay loa ox d z d and not be drawn with certainty because (lithologic or compositional re la leached of carbonate material Th tionshi s and 3 edostrati ra hic hr its i i i fi i . e r i of nsuf c ent data ve t cal se p ), ( ) p g p t oughout th ckness, wh ch r r r i r r Th quence of deposits from a borehole (soil development histo y o elat on anges f om to meter. e is first re lated to the soil series and ships of pedogenic attributes) . clay content of the unit (15 landscape position; topographic fea Most of the stratigraphic units in often increases with depth at the ex tures are then used as a guide to the area correlate with units de pense of the silt fraction in thicker - e l Fr 1 7 i r i and 9 0 . 1 r i i ri . r 8 d aw ng map un t bounda es A sc bed by man ye ( ) sect ons (mo e than m) (figs , ri In ar i i i The dist bu 9 . in r i s bound y between geolog c un ts and L neback l a , b) th ne sect on , the sand crosses a soil- map boundary for two tion of the lithostratigraphic units is content (10 increases with

F ure 1 7 r t r i ig St a ig aph c classification of the Quaternary deposits in the Waltersburg Quadrangle .

23 il r Tab e depth at the expense of the s t f ac l 3 Loc ations of borings. — 1 . Th i i tion (figs . 9c e ) e kaol n te plus Locat on chlorite content increases with i i i fl depth, wh ch shows the n uence of the bedrock as a source of sediment for the residual material . 1 Nelson et al. (199 ) suggested that most of the Oak formation con sists of material that is older than pre -Illinoian to 2 million years) because of its stratigraphic position below correlated Illinoian i L n i r For un ts ( ovela d S lt, Glasfo d i T ri i in mat on, and ene ffe S lt) the v i r r Eddy lle, Stonefo t, and C eal W Springs Quadrangles . In the alters r r Oak rm bu g Quad angle, the fo a tion was found below the Roxana Th f r Silt of Wisconsinan age . e Oak o Figure 1 8 General locations of borings i i i r mat on conta ns pedogen c featu es; r (see table 3 for specific info mation) . r r i a i whe e ove la n by the Rox na S lt, this paleosol is correlated with the deposit on the stable upland posi Th ri Sangamon Soil . tions . e Peo a Silt is oxidize d to a yellowish brown matrix with light Roxana Silt The i r r Roxana S lt g ay mottles, and leached of ca bon r i ak r I i ove l es the O fo mation and is ate minerals . ts phys cal appear ana Silts are typical for the southern r i i ri is mi r i i r i r 1985 the esult of loess depos t on du ng ance do nated by featu es Ill no s eg on (G aham , Altonian i Wisconsi i i r n edo e e 1987 et al . late t me of the assoc ated w th mode n p g Hughes , Nelson r i nan. T i is i i i sis . the t are r h s un t gene ally a s lt In s udy a, the Peo a S lt loam that ranges from to me ranges from to meters Peyt on Format ion The Pey ters ft) thick . It has a yel ft) thick; it is thicker than ton Formation includes all sediment lowish brown to dark yellowish previously reported for locations far deposited at the base of slopes by Th brown matrix and light brownish ther north (Nelson et al . is mass wasting and slope wash that The xi gray mottles . Roxana is o increased thickness is a result of the has accumulated from the end of the i r min r imi W r M in r d zed and leached of ca bonate p ox ty of the alte sburg Quad scons an to the p esent . The Pey erals in i ri in r i i i r i of r r re i all sect ons desc bed the angle to the anc ent Oh o R ve ton cons sts ewo ked loess, s d

. r i r . Th r i r r . e i study a ea Clay content ema ns channel (Cache R ve , Bay C eek) uum, and bed ock clasts un t, 2 i l ir 0 et al . 1989 r i i ur fa ly constant ( w th depth Nelson ( ) suggested that gene a ly th n, d splays text al and and any elevated clay content near the valley now containing the Cache mineralogic characteristics of the In r the top of the Roxana probably re River and Bay Creek was used by source material . large valleys the sulted from clay elluviated from the the ancient Ohio River between Peyton colluvial material grades lat r i i i Peoria Loess during modern ped o and years ago . e ally nto alluv um that s stratified i i r . r genes s . The expandable clay miner The texture of the Peoria Silt and bette sorted An arb tra y verti als that dominate the upper Roxana ranges from silty clay loam to silt cal line separates deposits that origi l - i i h i r n ted r i l r Silt (figs . 9a e) nd cate a north loam and as a re latively un fo m a mostly f om fluv a p ocesses r f Th i r i r weste n source or the loess (Frye et sand content . e clay content (Cahok a Fo mat on) f om those de i al. The kaol nite plus chlorite ranges from 15% to 40 %and greater rived mainly from colluvial proc Th fraction and the sand content in values are found in the lower part esses (Peyton Formation) . e Flat i 2 i r f . 0 cre ase toward the base of some sec (Bt horizon) of the modern soil (fig . L ck t ansect ( g ) shows the — i i i i i . l 9a d ma r r n r the r i the t ons (figs ) and y nd cate Nea the g ou d su face, phys cal elat onsh p between ixi the a it the un ri ai s r i i r i i m ng of Rox na w h Peo a cont n mo e ll te than ex Peyton Fo mat on, the loess un ts, h i in rl in r . T The r de y g Oak fo mation e Farm pandable clay minerals . pe cent and the valley depos ts the study il dale So developed in the Roxana age of expandable clay minerals area . Silt has a distinct platy structure and increases with depth and the a slightly different color and particle kaolinite plus chlorite decre ases . Lithost ratigraphi c Unit s i i ri i t i f r i T i r i re is r s ze d st but on hat d f e ent ates h s ve t cal t nd p obably a func Valle y Forma ti ons n r r i io i r the Roxa a f om the ove ly ng Peo t n of pedogenes s, p ovenance

ria i . mixin i E ualit Forma ti on Will S lt change, and w th the Roxana q y man

The i li . Silt . elevated l te content (figs and Frye (1970) interpre ted the Pe oria Silt The ri i 19b— e 20 i i s i F r i as Wisconsinan Peo a S lt, also , ) nd cates that at lea t a Equal ty o mat on

ri rli the r i the ri i r ri i . called the Peo a Loess, ove es po t on of loess o g nated f om age lacust ne depos ts Shaw il i dur r r r W and i ri 1982 Roxana S t and was depos ted a no theaste n sou ce ( abash Frye et al . and He n ch ( ) ing Woodfordian Substage of the Ohio River valleys) (Frye et al . developed a conceptual model for Wisconsinan Stage by eolian p roc The vertical trends in clay mineralogy deposition of the Equality Forma esses (McKay It is the surficial and texture for the Peori a and Rox tion in the Saline River drainage

24

2000 It

600 m

loess unit s Oak format Peyton Fo rmation mation

C ahokia Fo rmatio n

Ap; AB

i r 2 n ri f r r F k V f r F gu e 0 Cross sec tio showing the dist bution o the Quate na y units in lat Lic alley ( o location see fig . ri z Letters to the left of columns are soil ho on designations . basin northeast of the Waltersburg here in re ferre d to as the upper and graphic unit (Graham 1985) devel

i Alt ni r m r . m m in r Quadrangle . Dur ng the o an lowe embe s (fig Both e oped the top of the uppe mem and Woodfordian Subages of the bers have an unoxidized dark gray ber beneath its contact with the

T r i i i . Wisconsinan i Ri r rri r. ur r m , the Oh o ve ca ed colo ext es ange f om s lty clay Cahok a Alluv u glacial outwash and aggraded faster loam to clay with clay content as Heinri ch (1982) divided the than tributary valleys south of the high as The matrix contains pri Equality Formation in the Saline i r r i r l i r i w in r glacial border. H gh wate levels mary ca bonate m ne als and she l R ve Valley nto t o fo mal units Alt nian and sediment dams formed at the fragments in all described sections . the o Subage Cottage mem ine Ri r irn ound i was mi i r l ber the Woodfordian mouth of the Sal ve , p Ill te the do nant clay m ne a and Subage

in in e er T i r. i f re i r i i r i i . rs h g wate w th n the d a nage bas n both memb , alt ough the p exas C ty membe He d f e nt Sediment carried by floodwaters centage of expandable clays in ated them on the basis of strati from the Ohi o River and sediment creased upward through the upper graphic position and composition . r i 2 . Th r r r r r i the r in r . 1 a e f om wate shed accumulated membe (figs , b) la ge con Each membe was fu the d v ded b . i i r e i r r or a the lake A s m la sequence of tent of expandabl clay could have on the bas s of colo , p esence i s ri i ri i r r i n r i r events expla n lacust ne depos ts o g nated f om e os on of Roxa a sence of ca bonate m ne als, clay i The r r in rin in i r rr i i r l r . d scove ed two bo gs the Flat S lt f om the su ound ng uplands m ne a ogy, and textu e uppe Lick Valley in the southwest corner during deposition of the upper part of the Cottage member (Hein W i ’ i r r. i r the r i s i the of the alte sburg Quadrangle . membe Organ c ca rbon f om ch s un t b) equ valent to The Equality Formation in the Farmdale Soil developed in the top lower part of the Equality Forma W r T i r alte sburg Quad rangle can be of the lower member dated at tion . His entire exas C ty membe divided into two informal lithostrati t 44oyears BP (ISGS The Bun is equivalent to the upper part of the r i T rr r i r i i r edostrati li . s g aph c membe s (Ol ve combe so l, an nfo mal p Equa ty he e suggested co ela

26 F ure 21 Vert d str but on of m nera s and rt e s zes for bor n s a W10 W12 and W9 for oc ig ical i i i clay i l pa icl i i g ( ) , (b) , (c) ( l a 1 nd tions see fig . 8 a table ti n are i r r l i r i i nantl fine re i ac o s tentat ve, howeve , because esu t of d ffe ent postdepos t onal y textu d depos ts that in the lacustrine sediments discusse d weatheri ng history of the deposits . cumulated low energy environ r by Heinri ch and those in the Flat e lman and Frye (1970) divided ments . The coarse end of the Lick Valley have distinct physical the Equality Formation into the Carmi spectrum is assigned to the Dolton B i l i r rti r i r r r r. er i is d ffe ences , pa cula ly w th ega d Membe and the Dolton Membe y Memb , wh ch typ cal y sandy, r or r his l i i i in re re s i r r ir to the p esence absence of ca bon t c ass ficat on, the depos ts the p sent h ghe ene gy env on i r and i i t re cone late wi Carrni ts e c and is ate m ne als ox dat on state s udy a a th the men such as b a hes, not

Th i r mi . r . r ic i re do r in u are (colo ) ese d ffe ences may be the Membe , wh h ncludes the p p esent the st dy a

27 Cahok ia Alluvium Wi a r in l r in i in i llm n se ved the val eys, the Fa mdale g ncre as gly mportant; it is in i - and Frye (1970) interp reted the Ca So l developed in the lower Equality these near surface materials that hokia i i rm i is ri u r i to cons st of Holocene alluv al Fo at on and bu ed by the p oads, houses, and ndustrial facili r li e r i . i . The i is r i are i r i li depos ts un t the su face de p Equa ty Fo mat on t es bu lt, sewe s and p pe nes i in all ll The rin l is r i its are i r are r i pos t the va eys of the study Fa da e ecogn zed by la d , c ops a sed , and wastes i rr i i i tr tur t re ri r are ri . The a a, exclud ng the na ow t buta y d st nct ve platy s uc e, al hough bu ed value of the land , in i tr m m r i r r i r in i re i valleys wh ch s ea s flow on ode n pedogenes s has obscu ed pa t cula ly develop ng g ons, The r th i its ri r f r rock . textu e of e Cahok a in some of p ma y eatu es on the is often directly related to its suita dicates it ri i r e re . bili f r that o g nated f om lo ss uplands of the study a a Common ty o such uses . r i The r r r ri ar r W r o r . i r r edepos ted loess un t ove oot t aces may be p m y featu es, In the alte sbu g Quad angle, i li rm i in the re e i r l es the Equa ty Fo at on the but p senc of many clay films, mpo tant land use issues (beyond Flat Lick Valley and ranges from manganese and iron oxide concre agricul tural considerations) include i i r i i to meters ft) thick in the t ons , and sta ns along oot channels the s t ng of waste disposal (landfill) ri r re s r ri i r desc bed sections . In other broad p obably flect ove p nt ng of the ope ations and major construction i W rm oi r edo ene Th valleys w thin the altersburg Fa dale S l by mode n p g projects . e cha racteristics and

r i i sis . l i . 21b i ck r i i i are Quad angle, the Cahok a Alluv um In one va ley sect on (fig ), th ness of su f c al depos ts may overlie bedrock or the Oak for the A horizon of the Farmdale soil critical to determining the sui tability

Th i r r . i mation . e Cahok a generally is was p ese ved of a s te for a particular type of land oxidize d to yellowish brown with use . Although no large municipali light brownish gray and gray beds Bunc ombe soil The Buncombe ties are now located in the study is r i r i i f r r in r r r and leached of ca bonate m ne so l, an n o mal te m, developed a ea , g owth could oc cu in the re the r i r i is i in r als . Elevated clay content typically uppe Equal ty Fo mat on and g on futu e years . Once a general

r ri ri h i r i . r is f r cha acte zes the gray beds . bu ed by the Ca ok a Fo mat on a ea selected o any prospective The i in l r 1985 i us r i or i alluv um the va ley bot G aham ( ) defined the so l const uct on waste d sposal use , a toms may grade into the colluvium ing borehole sections observed detailed site evaluation must be r i r of the Peyton Formation near steep along the uppe Cache R ve valley. made of the surface deposits before In the r i i i i slopes along valley walls . The ma study a ea the Buncombe so l the fac l ty can be des gned and con i ri h i ll i r r . Thi i t x of the Ca ok a A uv um is silty; shows ev dence of t anslocated clay, st ucted s sect on summarize s its ur imil r r a i c r r text es are s ar to the source fine oot t aces, and mang nese and the bas c ha acte is tics of surface ir i ri i r i in . ri in r mate als , the upland loess depos ts, on ox de conc et ons , and sta s mate als the quad angle that can i T i i r . t re in r i and es duum yp cal tex u s affect waste d sposal, const uct on clude il m i r i and i i ri i r s t loa , s lty clay loam, and p act ces, se sm c sk cons de a il i r r s ty clay. t ons elated to such p ojects . in In r i ur i A change clay mineralogy dis many a eas, unconsol dated s f Was t e Dis osal tinguishes the Cahokia Alluvium cial deposits contain a variety of p from the underlying Equality For natural resources such as groundwa Municipal wastes includes house i in i l Th ter r r r mat on the Flat L ck Val ey. e , g avel, sand and clay; howeve , hold efuse and nonsalvageable expandable clay content of the Caho no significant resources have been commercial wastes such as metal T i kia r i re i in i r i i i r. is gene ally nc ases w th depth, found the th n su f c al depos ts and pape h s type of waste com m nl i in i . o r r l whereas the expandable clay con of the study area The unconsoli ybu ed san ta y landfi ls . tent of the upper member of the dated units do not include any later The primary consideration in locat l i Th in i r a l is minimizin Equality form ations generally de a ly extens ve aquifers . e upland g a san ta y l ndfi l i — r i m are r un i r i i re s 21 . c a es w th depth (figs . a c ) The loess and es duu gene ally the m g at on of leachate (a solut on top of the Buncombe soil marks the saturated and the valleys contain produced when infil trating water re r i i r i roundwa contact between the two units . fine textu ed sed ments that seldom acts w th the efuse) nto g r in yield groundwater in economic te and surface water. Guidel es of i i i . l the Ill nois Depa rtment of Public Pe dostratigraphi c Unit s quant t es Isolated sand enses within the valley deposits may yield Health (1966) require that in select Sangamon Soil The Sangamon sufficient groundwater to supply a ing a sani tary (municip al) landfill i in r i i - mi i i 1 can i in So l developed the Oak fo mat on s ngle fa ly dwell ng, but these s te ( ) no waste be d sposed re i i i are r n n i r 2 befo depos t on of the Roxana S lt lenses gene ally fou d by sta d ng wate , ( ) no waste can be Th i in re i i r on the uplands of the Waltersburg chance . e study area does not con d sposed a as w th a h gh wate r Quad angle . The Sangamon Soil is tain economic deposits of sand and table unless preventative meas ure s distinguished from other pedologic gravel aggregate within the surficial are taken to prevent leachate rnigra i s its i Th il i 3 r r l r i r i i i r a . e r de un t by st at g aph c pos t on and mate ls weathe ed s t pos t on, ( ) no su face unoff shou d stre ngth of development; in described itst hat cover the upland have little flow into or through the operation i it has r d Bt ri i for or re 4 dis sect ons, a p onounce ho commod ty value except con completed fill a a, and ( ) no " zon and a moderate to strong blocky struction fill or clay products such posal should take place unless sub ri i ri f r fab c that is commonly called soil as bri ck. so l mate al a fo ds reasonable r r structure . assu ance that leachate f om the landfill will not contaminate ground " Farmda le LAND USE Soil The Farmdale or surface water. i in a i The surfi ial i r i i i Wal So l developed the Rox na S lt on value of c depos ts of a In gene al, no s te w th n the the uplands of the study area and is re gion in terms of material and tersburg Quad rangle is suitable for a ri ri f r i ni ar l re are bu ed by the Peo a Silt . Where pre space o var ous land uses is becom sa t y landfil unless measu s

28 h r i r i . i i t e u rai i t ri taken to p event the m g at on of steep slopes Cond t ons on p face d nage, and s l y mate als

n r . i Th i are ri i . I . e t eachate upland loess un ts la ds most favo able Loess, a hav ng low bea ng capac y Flash r r are s i i i i is i i i i i th oughout the study a ea le s s lty depos t, typ cally has a low flood ng also a d st nct poss b l ty i ri i is i 3 r i a in rr l . than mete s ft) th ck, too th n bea ng c pac ty and suscept ble the na ow va leys for disposal trenches or for use as a to frost action if saturated with - Se ismi c Risk r for r r ri . Fre r r ri sou ce t ench cove mate al wate ; howeve , the loess cove ng quent flooding and high water the uplands in the study area is un The study area lies in a zone of high i i i Hi ri i tables (generally within 1 m of the saturated for most of the year and se sm c ty. sto cal ev dence indi surface) eliminates the valley are as probably has a moderate bearing ca cates that earthquakes of large mag ni de i i for i r i i r fil acit . tu cons de at on as san ta y land l p y , assoc ated w th the New r r ui r are i r 1988 i i ri F in r Mi sites . No majo bed ock aq fe s Ol ve ( ) est mated the so l Mad d ault Zone easte n s i i in r u i rmi i uncon r r . In located the study a ea, but the p cohes on by dete n ng the sou , could mpact the a ea the i r rli r i tre of i r 1811 - 1812 ri land un ts gene ally ove e sand fined comp ess ve s ngth the w nte of , a se es of ma ri i i or r k i stone that serves as a minor aquifer. Peo a S lt and the Roxana S lt in the j ea thqua es shook the reg on Ifno other site is available within a Waltersburg Quadrangle soil with a and intensities of IX or X on the ri - i Mercalli i r i i r r. easonable d stance of a commun ty, sp ng loaded pocket penet omete mod fied Intens ty Scale a sanitary landfill could be located The Peoria Silt had an average cohe were probably experienced in the in t re if is i si r i r W r r r the s udy a a the landfill s on p ), mo e than two t mes a ea of the alte sbu g Quad angle l i i Th Ear h i i i lined and leachate is col ected and that of the Roxana S lt ps ) . e t quakes of th s ntens ty could i i treated . cohes veness of the Peoria Silt may cause total destruct on of weak struc Even more stri ngent geologic con be attri buted to its higher percent tures and major damage to well ditions are required for the safe dis age of clay-sized materials and its built structures (Nuttli r i i r r r re il in l posal of haza dous waste, nclud ng lowe pe centage of expandable clay St uctu s bu t the va ley bot i mi i i r i of t i mi r l re i the n i . r are tox c che cal, b olog c, ad oact ve, ne a s lat ve to Roxa a S lt toms the s udy a ea most at i i m and i re . r c n r i r i fla mable, explos ve fuse No Sandstone bed o k u de ly ng sk; the th ck, unconsol dated, and suitable sites for hazardous waste the surficial material in many up saturated deposits found in these disposal were found in the study land positions has a hi gh bearing areas generally amplify seismic

r . i is r l n are r i i a ea capac ty and gene al y fou d at waves and p one to l quefact on, i i i depths less than meters ft) . wh ch causes a s gn fican t loss of Ge neral Const ruc t ion ri i The shallow bedrock may be adv an bea ng capac ty. Structures having Most general construction projects tageous for projects re quiring high foundations in bedrock are at less i i i Th h i l ri it it is li i i ri . e i ri i suc as subd v s ons, sma l bus bea ng capac y, but a ab l ty sk foundat ons of c t cal r r i m in i for r li r r re i nesses, oads, d a nage syste s , and excavat ng sewe nes, wate st uctu s, such as hosp tals, r and i i li r r o i . The l r i wate sewage l nes can be s ted , nes, sept c systems va ley schools, and eme gency se v ce cen if r r i i ar ral i r r in p ope ly des gned and bu lt, bottoms e gene ly not su table te s should be const ucted the

r r r in t r . T r i for . nea ly eve ywhe e the s udy a ea construction hese areas are bed ock on gently slop ng uplands . The exceptions are valleys prone to characterize d by a high water table i or i tre 1 in r sur flood ng those w th ex mely (less than m places), poo

29 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

The W rs r r is i Wi i r r are r e alte bu g Quad angle s tu th n the study a ea, the Lusk su es ma k d by outcrops and r r i r er r r silicified n ated nea the south ma g n of the C eek Fault Zone has an av age float of f actu ed , sa d ° i N4 E ri in i i i B i . tr re r S and i r Ill no s as n Paleozo c s ata t end of and va es w dth stone brecciated l mestone . F ac r r gionally dip northward at an ave f om a few yards to about feet . tures and crevices are filled with r re r r r i r i i r age ate of a few deg es towa d the Nume ous deep av nes c oss the wh te calc te, and qua tz, as well as few il r r r the i center of the basin . Only a m es no the n pa t of fault zone and m nor amounts of fluorite and metal l r i li r r r ts c . r r i south of the quad angle, C etaceous affo d exce lent exposu es of sulfides Nume ous p ospect p ts r and Tertiary sediments overlap structure . Nea the west edge of the and a few small abandoned mines is i r r r c r . bor Paleozo c ocks at the no th edge of quad angle, the zone not well ex oc u along the faults Angled

The . r i r i i in the Mississippi Embayment . posed Info mat on f om outcrops s ngs the fault zone in the northern Waltersburg Quadrangle is domi supplemented by proprietary well part of the study area indicate that ° ° - nated by northeast trending fault data and seismic re flection data . the major faults dip 60 to 70 SE i h are r The i R r Diffenbach r zones (fig . wh c pa t of the net d splacement of the Lusk ( obe t , pe sonal com

F r re . re is 600 900 munication r re i luorspa A a Fault Complex C ek Fault Zone to feet , Inte p tat on of Mississi r ri i i r il Three previously named fault down to the southeas t . p a p op etary se sm c p of e and

— re i r r i r re i Berta ne zones the Lusk C ek, Raum, and p an ocks no thwest of the fault nte p tat ons by g and — ar i P lv i 1 1 i i Hobbs Creek c ross the quad rangle . zone e juxtaposed w th ennsy a Leis ng ( 99 ) nd cate that the Lusk

The newly named Flick Branch nian rocks southeast of the zone . Cree k Fault Zone dips steeply to the Fault is southeast of the Hobbs The downdropped block southeast southeast from the surface down to is i e r ri l i Cre ek Fault Zone . of the Lusk Creek the D xon th P ecamb an crysta l ne base

i W . The structural pattern mapped Spr ngs G raben (J. eller The ment r here differs from that shown by S . g aben is bounded on the southeast An unusual feature of the Lusk Weller and Krey (1939) primarily in by the Hobbs Creek Fault Zone and Creek Fault Zone is the presence of

i r t i a m . rr i r r deta l, but seve al faults hey b sected by the R u Fault Zone na ow sl ces of upth own ock li mapped were not substantiated by Pennsylvanian beds immediately within the fault zone . S ces of rock i r i cr i in di r i r i this study. M no d s epanc es southeast of the fault zone p south olde than that on e the s de of the i i re r r r in fault mapp ng ex st between the p east away f om the zone, at angles zone occu at seve al places the

2 i r i i i r . The sent map (Weibel et al. 199 ) and the as steep as D ps ap dly d m n study a ea (fig best exam i ish t r r i is i i Mi geolog c map of the adjacent southeas wa d , towa d the ax s ple at the Clay D gg ngs ne, r i r r et li i i 1 4 1 2 r rr hi hwall Shetle v lle Quad angle (Baxte of a sync ne, wh ch l es to / whe e a qua y g exposes i i Th i i i the r . al. e d screpancies nvolve m le southeast of Lusk C eek the Ste Genev eve L mestone and

i . li . r faults of small displacement in are as Fault Zone . Between the sync ne St L mestone Angled co es m F l i ri hr r r . a of poo exposu e and the R u au t Zone, bedd ng d lled t ough the fault zone also ° ° i w r i d ps 4 to 12 NW. T o northwest encounte ed these l mestones at Lusk Cre e k Fault Z one i i hi - rm in l d pp ng, gh angle, no al faults shallow depths the fau t zone W l iff n h r mm ca The r . e i are r D e bac co uni Lusk C eek Fault Zone (I of small d splacement nea the ( , pe sonal hwestem T r i are ler et al . 1952 is nort cli l i r ti ) the syn na ax s close to the no th edge on, hese fo mat ons up in 800 re i most of three named fault zones of the quadrangle . thrown to feet lat ve to t r it li i r r ir i i i r i the s udy a ea, and de m ts the No thwest of the Lusk C eek the pos t ons on e the s de of the i r r i r r i i a the l zone fi . 22b . hr no thwest ma g n of the Fluo spa Fault Zone, bedd ng d st l to fau t ( g ) Upt own sl ces i an r Area Fault Complex . The Lusk zone dips northwest at an average containing the V enna d Mena d re is for 28 i r i Lirnestones r r C ek exposed about m les, of about but p ox mal to the occu no theast of the ° i i lie i i the i r i 10 i i i r of wh ch m les w th n zone, bedd ng gene ally d ps to Clay D gg ngs M ne along the no th ° Th r - i r i in NW t r . e re 30 SE r the . r tre s udy a ea Lusk C ek me ges (towa d faults) In pa ts of east nd ng av ne the NE,

it r i 29 30 T12S R6E r c i 10 T12S R6E. cr w h the Shawneetown and He od Sect ons and , , , st ata Se t on , , Out ops and r Fault Zones northeast of the Walters near the northwest side of the fault float of Ste . also occu r r and it is ri di r z the bu g Quad angle, bu ed by zone p no thwest as steeply as along the fault one between

re r in Mi i i i Th i is r r mi C0 erous r n . C taceous st ata the ss ss pp us, bedd ng uptu ned towa d ne and pp B a ch the i i i r r Embayment southwest of quad the fault zone on both s des, as S m la examples of upth own fi r . 1 1 i in r angle ( g Kolata et al. ( 98 ) shown in the cross section attached sl ces the Lusk C eek Fault Zone r are r mapped a subsu face continuation to the geologic map (Weibel et al. documented both no th of the of the Lusk Cre ek Fault Zone in study area in the Eddyville Quad 1 1 Paleozoic bedrock beneath the Em The Lusk Cree k Fault Zone is rangle (Nelson et al. 99 ) and west - dran ba ment. i n r in ua y composed of h gh a gle faults, most of the a ea the Glendale Q D r of which dip southeast . Fault expo gle ( eve a b r a n W r i are r re rs ba me t . re 1939 Downthrown fault sl ces p es bounded y ve e and no m l y (S elle and K y ,

r rr . i i i 1963 ent in the fo m of na ow wedges of faults In all cases, bedd ng w th n Ross , Gause r i a i i s In W r r r conglome at c s ndstone of the sl ces d ps steeply southea t, com the alte sbu g Quad angle, m nl i i r i t o r l . the l is Caseyv lle Fo mat on, faul ed y subpa a lel to the fault d ps Raum Fau t Zone to against Mississippian rocks on both Interpretation of the unusual strue feet southeast of the Lusk tur L Th i The r r e r e . e m s sides (fig . downth own e of the usk C e k Fault Zone C e k Fault Zone Rau i in il i s hi i or Caseyville sl ces, most cases, w l be d scu sed at the end of t s mapped as a s ngle fault as a zone occur northwest of the upthrown of faul ts generally less than 300 fee t

Mi is i i n r i . r vil slices of ss s pp a ocks de w de At the su face, the Casey le Raum Fault Z one of r rm i r r scribed above . A wedge ock con Fo at on and uppe Pope G oup B r taining Caseyville and Tradewater Th e Raum Fault Zone ( axte et al . are displaced with net throw down 1967 is rr a Th strata is faulted be tween two slices ) a na ow zone of f ults that to the northwest . e net throw in e mid i r r r of Mississippian rock at th l es southeast of, and fo ms a g aben c eases from less than 100 fee t near r Sec i L r r r r point of the bounda y between w th, the usk C eek Fault Zone the no theast co ne of the quadran The m i n 20 21 TIZS R6E . 22c . . 200 300 r t o s and , , (fig ) (fig Rau Fault Zone ex gle to to feet nea the south ar r The Lusk Creek Fault Zone con tends southwestw d f om a com west corner. tains both normal and reverse faults plexly faulted area on the west flank Strata on both sides of the Raum The southeastemrnost i om in r il F ra di (fig . fault, of H cks D e the Shetle v le ault Zone gene lly p less than ° r n r et al. a normal fault that borders the Quad a gle (Baxte 5 NW. Th e dips steepen up to ° i ri r en ex i i r W r r r 85 NW e i i D xon Sp ngs G ab , h b ts the c osses the alte sbu g Quad angle, clos to and w th n the fault i e r Th drag folding typical of a normal and cont nu s beneath the C eta zone . e dips are consistent with hr hr ceous r in Mi i i i Em i ar r fault . Upt own and downt own ove lap the ss ss pp the d splacement and e p obably

i i l are r r . w th n the fau t zone the esult of d ag In some places,

Falesti Tradewater

400 ft

100 m

k Z n Mi 1 F ure 22 ross se ons of Lusk ree F u o e . a Ora o e 8 2 SE NW e t on ig C cti C a lt ( ) Sc tt n , , S c i Th r w e of ster rou fl k 10 TIZS R6E. e ent l u ro s G str is e b ow ro n , , c a pth n lic Che p ata an d yd nth w v D s M e SW NE E n 1 T12 f . Th s ices o se e S ec o 6 S R6E. e u z n l Ca y ill (b) Clay igging in , , S ti , , fa lt o e

and Ste . Genev li m n contains an upthrown slice of St. ieve esto es and a downthrown ENE t on 20 T12S R6E and NW W d e of s i l . S S o 21 T12 R e e S 6E. The w g Ca yv l e (c) , Sec i , , , , Secti n , , downdropped block of Pennsylvanian strata is between two upthrown slices of Mississippian

rock .

31 r i is for d ag fold ng absent, example, near Sulphur Sp rings Church in Sec i 20 27 TIZS R6E and t ons and , , , northwest of Rising Sun in Sections

5 6 7 T13S R6E. , , and , , r l r r ro Outc ops, we l eco ds, and a p prietary seismic p rofile indicate that the major faults dip steeply north r in west . A majo fault, exposed a gully just northeast of the stream in W NW i 13 T12S R6E the S , Sect on , , , ° ° stri kes N4S E and dips 60 to ° Th is m r 80 NW. e fault a ked by a 300 ft zone of fracture d and bre cciated re in i i 100 m rock . Angled co holes the v c n ity of Raum penetrated as many as r i - rt - i i fou h gh angle, no hwest d pp ng fault planes in the Raum Fault Zone Diffenbach r communica ( , pe sonal i The i i r t on, se sm c p ofile shows that the Raum is an antithetic branch of the Lusk Creek Fault i rs i r in U Zone, nte ect ng the latte p per Cambrian or Lower Ordovician strata . F r 23 ross sec ons of R um F u Z o e . e er NW n 1 u e e o 3 TIZS R6E. ig C ti a a lt n (a) C nt , S cti , , i i r the r S m la to Lusk C eek, the D s a eme ross zone is sm but en ral s e of Chesteri an r k is i pl c nt ac fault all, the c t lic oc up i i Raum Fault Zone conta ns sl ces of row s ral re ee rel to P s n a n th n eve hund d f t ative enn ylva i n rocks o both sids . (b) Bank r t are r r i N s m of L sk re ek N1 2 NE e o 5 T13S R6E. et n is o to nor ock hat upth own elat ve to u C , / , S cti n , , di place e t d wn th

r ri . li Mis l f r r n both bo de ng blocks A s ce of west; s ices o Cheste Group st ata are upthrown a d tilted southeast. sissippian rock occurs between Pennsylvanian rocks near the east Th edge of the quad rangle in Sections Along most of its length in the crop . e straight trends of the Th W r r 13 14 TIZS R6E . 23 a . e r r r r in and , , (fig ) alte sbu g Quad angle, the Hobbs faults ac oss ugged topog aphy n r i upthrown slice is bounded by a o Cre ek Fault Zone is composed of the d cate steep dips . In the Shetlerville r r r 800 r r mal fault on the no thwest and a two faults that fo m a g aben to Quad angle, the Shelby Fault (pa t

i . Th r r reverse fault on the southeast . Rocks feet w de e southeaste n of the Hobbs C eek Fault Zone) is a ° r W l within and borderi ng the upthrown fault is downthrown to the north no mal fault that dips 60 (J . e ler

V r l. slice dip steeply northwest and are west and is the larger of the two . e et a The general absence of r r r re i r i i is r r r re i r r st ongly shea ed and f actu d; how t cal sepa at on on th s fault mo e d ag st uctu s and w de, f actu ed r i i has urre 250 r W r r r i is su es eve ; l ttle d splacement occ d than feet nea alte sbu g, and b ecc ated zones also gg

i r i is i r . across the fault zone . where the Caseyv lle Fo mat on t ve of no mal faulting Strata adja Another upthrown slice in a cut juxtaposed against the Menard cent to and within the Hobbs Creek

a L r in N1 2 Li i . r di r b nk of usk C eek the / NE, mestone and Palest ne Sandstone Fault Zone gene ally p no thwest b The i re r r in ra i 5 T13S R6E . 23 Sect on , , (fig ) ex d splacement dec ases towa d a few deg ees, cont st to the e i re r the r is 20 i r poses D gon a and Clo st ata, no theast and only about steep d ps along the Lusk C eek and faulted against Caseyville on the feet near the east border of the quad Raum Fault Zones . Th r r ri r i i r i ni r . e no thwest and aga nst Dego a on angle no thweste n fault has a A t angula fault sl ce, obl quely i i r 70 r i re . u the southeast Bedd ng of the p max mum th ow of feet, but c oss ng the Hobbs C ek Fault ° ° hr i i 38 44 its is r r cor t own sl ce d ps to SE, con along most of length the d place Zone, occu s nea the common 4 1 trar r l r i i is 40 . T i ner e i 3 9 and 0 T13S y to the gene a ly p eva l ng ment less than feet h s fault of S ct ons , , , , , Th i r h i in F die the r r R6E. e i in i no t west d ps the Raum ault may out to no theast, whe e sl ce conta ns K ka d i Zone . it lines up with a fault mapped in L mestone and is upthrown relative the Shetlerville Quad rangle by Bax to adjacent rocks within the fault Hobbs Cre e k Fault Z one i in i i . s r ter et al . zone It an nte med ate struc The Hobbs Cre ek Fault Zone (Baxter Faults of the Hobbs Cre ek Zone tural position relative to the lower et al . The r southeast of the Raum are high angle or nearly vertical. ocks southeast of the fault zone and F r r is i r r r ault Zone, extends f om the west best exposu e of a fault plane on the h ghe ocks no thwest of the i i s T i i r r r v il r . i s de of H ck Dome to the edge of an outc op of the Casey le Fo ma zone hus, th s sl ce d ffe s f om

i i i i m . i in NE i 9 i in m and r the M ss ss pp Embay ent (fig t on the NE SE NE , Sect on , sl ces the Rau Lusk C eek It is r i T13S R6E r is in hi i are a zone of no mal faults hav ng , , whe e the fault plane Fault Zones, w ch sl ces overall downward displacement to jux taposed with the Degonia Form a structurally above the adjacent r i i Th i in r i r r . e re the no thwest; the zone del m ts the tion . A su face that s pa allel to the st ata sl ce the Hobbs C ek r i ix r in r i di is r southeast ma g n of the D on fault t ace and conta s ve t cal ( p Zone a small ho st, bounded by i r r . i i i r r i i r . The Sp ngs G aben sl p) sl ckens des occu s on the no mal faults, w th n a g aben i r rt - i i southeast s de of the sandstone out la ge no hwest d pp ng fault, on

Fig ure 2 5 Interpre tive sketch (not to scale) of deformed Pounds Sandstone and Tradewater strata discontinuously exposed along W 4 12 R n m ar r i the S NW t on 1 T S 6Ea d SENE ect on 15 TIZS R6E. Listric or l rot o s um i a l ge av ne in , Sec i , , , S i , , n a faulting ( ati nal l p ng m occurred during dep osition of carbonaceous shale. Slu ping may havebeen triggere d by tectonic movements along the Lusk

ree k F l Z o bou 1 m le orth s of his s . C au t ne, a t i n we t t ite

The Lusk Creek Fault Zone dis Zones indicate that the last major fault slices of the Raum Fault Zone 2 Tradewater r i i in re . 3b r i places the Fo mat on, d splacements both zones we (fig ), and upth own sl ces also

r . i indicating that most faulting is no mal Bedd ng along both fault may be remnants of reverse d rag . - r in i r i r Th r i r post Atokan . Othe faults the zones d ps p edom nantly towa d e upth own sl ces are f agments r i study a rea are parallel to the Lusk the downth own block (footwall) . of the hang ng wall and were up i i i i r r i i r re x r r r r i . C ek and e h b t s m la geomet y, Hence, eve se movements must l fted du ng eve se fault ng In i i i i i r i r rre rli r nor r i r r r nd cat ng a s m la h sto y of move have occu d ea e than the some places, the ea l e eve se

in . r r r r ment . Most of the faults the quad mal movements D ag from the late faulting and late no mal faulting r are i - r a r obliter rr i r l angle h gh angle no mal f ults, no mal movement may have occu ed along d ffe ent fau t planes i i i i r i i r r r t r . 23 r nd cat ng a st ess f eld w th no th ated d ag st uc u es that had (figs , and sl ces of ock - r ri r i r r r west southeast extension . fo med du ng the ea l e eve se between the two faults were left i r t e e in i Reverse faults and upthrown faulting . Poss ble emnants of the b h d when the hang ng wall i r fault slices in the Lusk Creek and verse drag occur in a few places . subs ded during no mal faulting

n r in fi . Raum Fault Zone ca not be ex Along the Lusk C eek Fault Zone, ( g i i i in plained by extension . An ep sode of the l ne of the cross section on the Downthrown sl ces the Lusk r r r compre ssion is require d to induce re geologic map (Weibel et al . C eek Fault Zone p obably fo med i in i r ri r r verse faulting . Bedd ng attitudes beds d p away f om the fault on du ng the late phase of no mal - Th i i i . T i re and near the Raum and Lusk Cre ek both sides . e southeast d pp ng fault ng hese sl ces a wedge shaped fragments of the footwall that were rotated and dragged

r . ‘ downwa d ( Unsy'vanianv fig Although several studies have in dicated strike-slip movement on northeast-trending faults in the fluorspar distri ct (Heyl and Brock 1961 o 1974 Tr m , Ho k , ace and A os no evidence for horizontal w movement as found in this study. The r rti li Genevieve nea ly ve cal plunge of s cken i r is r s des, pa allel m of faults and d ag or folds, and absence of en echelon pinnate structures point to predomi~ - nantlydip slip movement . m r i In su ma y, the follow ng se quence of structural events is pro

posed (fig . Figure 26 Origin of upthrown and downthrown slices in Lusk Cre ek Fault Z one. 1 i i rr ri R l s are ( ) R ft ng occu ed du ng the a e erse ul o urs lo l B sou e s k u f d. F ( ) v fa ting cc a ng fau t , th a t blac pli te au t Aand C w Cambri an Peri od; the Lusk Creek n . Mos dis e b la er norm l u tin o urs sou he s b o k do ndro ed . incipi t ( ) t a fa l g cc , t a t l c pp t " " a m An row wed e of ro k is be r pl ce ent occurs along faults A and C . upth n g c caught Fault Zone developed as a no mal

i . ween aul s B and w ere s s e of ro k is downdro ed e wee u ts and B. t f t C, h a a lic c pp b t n fa l A fault (southeast s de down)

34 m ri n r — W r r . P l M rr w Figure 27 Interpre tive structural history of the altersbu g Quad angle (a) Ca b a ifting . (b) ossib e o o an Atokan - F f rm . P n rev rse au ti . e sode o o ault normal faulting . (c) Post ennsylvania f l ng inal pi n al f ing

(2) Additional normal faulting on brian normal displacement (Howe The presence of the McCormick and T T i the Lusk Creek Fault Zone may hompson hese faults and New Burns de Anticlines (fig . 3) have occurred during the Morrowan define the northwest margin of the northwest of the Lusk Creek Fault Atokan E in i Reelfoot i r i McGinnis i i r and pochs, fluenc ng R ft (E v n and Zone nd cates that the no thwest thickness and facies patterns and in a failed intracratonic rift . At boundary of the re activated Reelfoot ducin m i il its r r i i r h g slu p ng of Caseyv le and no theast end , the Lusk C eek R ft may have sh fted no t west Tr w r i ri r lithifi F r i r ri z ade ate sed ments p o to ault Zone me ges w th the Rough wa d du ng the late Paleo oic . Seis r — mic i i cation . C eek Shawneetown Fault System data nd cate that the faults - i i (3) Post Atokan reverse faulting (fig . wh ch is the north boundary assoc ated with these anticlines do r a - r i r Th along the Lusk C eek and R um of the east t end ng Rough C eek not extend to the basement . ese F i r r r r and r 1981 are r listric ault Zones (wh ch me ge at depth) G aben (Sode be g Kelle , faults p obably faults that Br i i i i r i uplifted the intervening block . etagne and Le s ng Se sm c pa allel bedd ng planes and prob (4) The final episode of faulting profiles across the Rough Creek ably merge with the Lusk Cree k r i i F Th was extensional and induced no Shawneetown Fault System nd cate ault Zone at depth . e anticlines mal displacements on faults in the normal displacement (down to the are the product of post-Pennsylva c rr uri i r i study are a . south) oc u ed d ng the Cam n an comp ess onal reactivation of ri ri i This sequence of events is similar b an Pe od (Bretagne and Le is ng the rift faults . infene d for re Th ri m ria r t I-Iildenbr to that the Rough C ek us, du ng the Ca b n A ecent s udy by and et r r in 2 e F al. 199 rr Shawne town ault System (Nelson and pe haps late , the Rough ( ) suggests that co elative mm 1987 r r — r i r i a i and Lu , B etagne and C eek Shawneetown , Lusk C eek, magnet c and g av ty anom l es Lei i 1991 a and o and Reelfoot Ri r 80 ki r 50 mi r s ng , Kolat Nels n the ft no thwest about lomete s ( ) no th The Lusk Creek Fault Zone is bounding faults in southeastern west of the Lusk Creek Fault Zone nearly aligned with faults in south Missouri and northeastern Arkansas (Johnson County) may be indicative eastern Missouri and northeastern were an interconnected rift-bound of a mafi c intrusion along the north

is i r in ar ul . r of r r r if r . A kansas, whe e se m c p ofiles y fa t system west bounda y the t st ucture dicate r The i k mo e than feet of Cam age of th s pluton is not nown .

35 ECONONII C GEOLOGY

The principal geologic resources in either the McClellan Mine or the Sandstone (G rogan and Bradbury W r r r are i is r T r r the alte sbu g Quad angle Luella M ne p obably the same as h oughout the quad angle, i for r i ri Ora in r i r l mestone const uct on and ag the Scott M e, but absence of these fo mat ons occu at depth, and r r s for r i i r r in cultu al pu po es, and sandstone p ec se locat ons p ecludes accu ate most cases, below the level of

i i . r i r . r r i i in const uct on pu poses Fluo spa dent ficat on past m n g and prospecting . In the s a i r i and s i r wallrock and ba e met ls have been m ned P ospect p ts wa te p les Lusk C eek Fault Zone, the along fault zones in the past; addi near the head of a small ravine for ore is mainly the uppermost Mis tional re sources may exist in the sub about feet north of the Ora sissippian and the lower Pennsylva i i i i r . r Th surface Resou ces of coal are small; Scott M ne nd cate poss ble p e nian . e Clay Diggings Mine is the coal beds are too thin and discon vious exploration or small scale min only place in the quadrangle where ' W r 1 4 i tinuous i i in . . 9 3a i i r i i r to be explo ted econom g J elle s ( ) map nd cates m ne al zat on occu s at the surface . r f r T . i o rr i for re cally Few explo at on wells an abandoned shaft su ounded by hus, the potent al shallow ill r r r r and i s in hi r . r is . n r re pet oleum have been d ed , seve al p ospect p t t s a ea sou ces low Unk own deepe r r l mi r r r i r much of the quad angle has yet to Othe sma l abandoned nes sou ces may be p esent, pa t cula ly The r r i r i a the in i r r . r be tested esou ce potent al and p ospect p ts occu long the nte val f om the St . Louis to r r and r l z are r re g oundwate , sand g avel) fau t one, but they not shown the Cyp ess, along the Lusk C ek W of the surficial geologic materials of on the geologic map ( eibel et al . Fault Zone and other faul ts in the W r r re . 1 r W r r the quad angle have been p J elle ( 943b) eported that alte sburg Quad angle . The ongo i v iously assessed in the sect on on although this area had character ing Conterminous US . Mineral As i i r ti i i r r m n r r surf cial strat g aphy. is cs s m la to both the O a Scott sess e t P og am (CUSMAP) is i i i i r i i rmi i i and Clay D gg ngs M nes, m ne al attempt ng to dete ne the l kel Fluors ar Th f i i p zation had not been reported . e hood o f nd ng additional mineral F r r s i in r z - i ill luo spa and a soc ated m e als O ark Mahon ng Company dr ed resources in the area . have been produced from vein de angled core holes for prospects Lim e st one i in r ic i r pos ts the quad angle, wh h l es along the Raum Fault Zone (Robe t the r i I li i Diffenbach r communica The ink i r i on west ma g n of the l no s , pe sonal K a d and Mena d L me

r r i ri . r i f r r for Kentucky Fluo spa D st ct Seve al t on, stones of e the best p ospects abandoned fluorspar mines and The mineral deposits in the Illi small or moderate quarry opera prospect pits occur along the Lusk nois — Kentucky Fluorspa r District tions in the Waltersburg Quadran

Th Di . i Creek Fault Zone . e Clay g occur as vein deposits in breccia gle L mestone re sources of i i re a r li i i l i g ngs M ne, also known as the zones and fissu s long faults, bed southe nmost Il no s , nc ud ng the i t r i i re i in the W r r r r P t sbu g M ne, cons sted of at least ded placement depos ts alte sbu g Quad angle, we e i t 70 85 r r i in r i l f ve shaf s between and feet wall ocks of the faults , and es dual evaluated a eg ona study by Th r r His r is ri . e r i W r deep shafts followed na ow depos ts (J . eller et al . In the Lama epo t the p i r i i i fluo W r r r r r for i evalu ve ns and b ecc a conta n ng alte sbu g Quad angle, known ma y sou ce the follow ng ri l ri B i i r i r i ations. The i i i te, ga ena, and sphale te ( a n m ne al depos ts occu only as ve n K nka d L mestone has W M W r 1 44 . r . i 1 . 9 h r i 905 et al i . T e i i in , J elle , J elle depos ts ch ef m ne als ve n the th ckest estone beds and the Very little is known about the deposits in the distri ct are fluorite best potential in the quadrangle for r r d i i r i i l ri i r i for r n ea ly p o uct on h sto y of th s and calc te, but spha e te, galena, l mestone p oduct on Po tla d i it r fluors ar r ri are ri ul r lim m ne; p oduced p f om and ba te locally abundant (B cement, ag c tu al estone, and in i 1939 1941 i in 1942 . ter r r M r r r to and poss bly and B adbu y ost eco c ushed ock; howeve , the K ka d , The Ora t i in 1 2 i i i fluors ar l i l r Scot M ne, the S / nom c ve n depos ts of p loca ly conta ns sha e beds and che t SE NW c i 10 T12S R6E ro rre u r are ri , Se t on , , , p have occu d along fa lts of mode nodules that delete ous to com Th il duced fluors ar mercial r i . e re W r . a small amount of p ate displacement (J . elle et al p oduct on Go v le from small veins within brecciated These ore bodies are associ Limestone Member of the Kinkaid i rri 1 i l mestone and quartz sandstone (J . ated with faults of 25 to 500 feet dis was qua ed about m le south E il i . s W l r et al . r T el e Acco d ng to J placement . hese faults appa rently southea t of ddyv le (SE NE SE,

W r l. W r 1943a ini i i i r i O i e i 17 TIZS R6E . . et a elle ( ) , m ng was n t ated p ov ded the pt mum avenues and S ct on , , ) J elle ro n 1900 in the i 40 r for i ir u i 1952 l re r Ki k i a u d , and follow ng open fissu es flu d c c lat on ( ) a so po ted that the n a d or 50 r r i r i i r i e was rri ri yea s, a total of mo e than and m ne al depos t on (Baxte and L meston qua ed du ng the tons of fluorspar was extracted Bradbury 19305 by the Civilian Conse rvation i r i i r r i i in I li — r i i i on an nte m ttent bas s f om seve al Ve n depos ts the l nois Ken Co p at the Clay D gg ngs M ne, in i i a . The k r i n n r e ad ts and sh fts last known tuc y Fluo spar D stri ct are co ce along Lusk C eek the SE, S ct on 2 i 1 T1 R E. i 1 2 . 6 S 6 r r i 95 r in i r r . yea of p oduct on was Of the t ated the nte val f om the St , , Exam nat on of the i two mines described by Bain Louis Formation up to the Cypress site indicates that the Ste . Genev eve

36 Th Tradewater F r i Limestone and possibly other lime at a depth of feet . e wells and o mat ons at sev The re m r ri for oil in r l i in r articu stones were quarri ed . Glen p su ably we e d lled e a s tes the quad angle, p - l r r N lar r T a w r. Dean and Cora Lirnestones gener fault bounded structural traps . 0 y f om the lowe de ate The ally contain shale beds and are too oil shows were reported in any of mines consisted of shallow drift and i i r . r are thin to be quarried . The Mena d the wells small st p m nes; all now aban Th r Limestone contains shale beds and The pre dominant source rocks for doned . e emaining coals occur in r ma ixh oil r in lin i B i are i or i l r che t nodules, but y have l e p oduced the Il o s as n th n lent cu a beds that have stone beds thick enough in some organic-rich shales of the Devonian poor potential for commercial exploi n places to be used for agricultural Mississippian New Albany Group tatio . Th rr Wal in il r i limestone and crushed rock . e (Ba ows and Cluff In the Coals the Caseyv le Fo mat on

i i is i tersbur r t i r si i d . V enna L mestone th n and con g a ea, s ud es of sou ce con st only of small, solated po s i r re r i i is N r r S1 2 ti ta ns abundant che t nodules , p ocks nd cate the New Albany an ea the cente , NE SE, Sec on r is i hi 8 T13S R6E i i i r r . rc clud ng t as a l mestone esou ce excellent sou e ock and w t n , , , about feet of shaley the oil maturation window (Barrows coal crops out in a small ravine in Sands t one and Cluff Older and deeper whi ch a small amount of coal was ' W r T i e in a r i i ri mi r for . h n b dded sandstone the y O dov c an and Camb an sou ce ned , appa ently local use " i r a il For r r in the r l i i r i r i s de Membe of the C seyv le ocks may be p esent a ea , but Pa ynolog cal and b ost at g aph c rri in the r r i ri i it P r r commu mation is qua ed NE co ne , the d st but on and qual y of these analyses ( eppe s, pe sonal Th ni n 1 i i c i 27 T12S R6E for fla i is i . e catio 987 is in Se t on , , use as g sed ments not establ shed , ) nd cate the coal - h i ri r M . r stone and facing stone (T e geolog c presence of Early Camb an (p e t the lowe Caseyville Formation .

- 1 92 r fill i . . W map of Weibel et al . [ 9 ] does not Simon Sandstone) ift shale sed H R anless (unpublished ISGS i i r r rr . i i Reelfoot if 1934 r r have a qua y symbol ) S m la ock ments w th n the R t field notes, ) epo ted feet of " " crops out along the Beatty Branch Rough Creek Graben has been sug shaley coal cropping out near an and in Flick Branch valley. gested by Hester (1983) and Kolata abandoned mine dri ft in the ravine N rifi i r r SW i 5 T13S and elson Ve cat on of (nea cente , Sect on , , Clay i i W n these sediments in th s reg on and R6E) north of Rising Sun . a less " Clay was mined from a shaft at the their analysis for a potential source referred to the coal as the Wayside i i i r r i rilli l i i i Clay D gg ngs M ne f om about ock awa t the d ng of a wel coal, but th s des gnat on was made 1866 to 1907 (Lama r The clay through the Paleozoic sediments to on the basis of stratigraphic relation i 15 i i i h r ri . aid al n l depos t, about feet w de, was lo the P ecamb an basement sh ps and w t out the of p y o d l r i cate r i l . i r r nor a ong the majo fault of the Complex eg onal fau t ng, ogy Ne the the outc op the re F E r ri ri i dur Lusk C ek ault Zone ( ngelmann spa seness of d ll hole data, and d ft open ng could be located 1 866b r and ew 1907 mi r r imi in i i t . Thi l r , Pu dy D olf ) and lack of se s c data fu the l t the g th s s udy s coa is p obably on the northwest side of the narrow evaluation of possible hydrocarbon younger than the lower Caseyville

. G i . r i ri r . r r r it is Ste enev eve fault block Lama t aps St uctu al closu es may ex st coal desc bed above, although 194 2 z in ra it i are ( ) analy ed samples of the clay along faults the quad ngle, but poss ble that the coals the same r il i ifi i is r in i . r in f om waste p es and dent ed the not known whethe faults th s age A small, lent cula coal bed The i clay as halloysite . quant ty of area are barriers to hydrocarbon mi the Pounds Sandstone crops out

is . in r in ration . r SW SW clay unknown g Most of the quad angle, along Lusk C eek the SE,

i re i 32 T12S R6E. The is clud ng a as adjacent to faults, has Sect on , , bed Pe trole um i i . r Miss ss i and not been tested Uppe p less than feet th ck, the T r oil and i r r i i r s r i . r h ee unsuccessful gas ex p an and Pennsylvan an ocks, lowe pa t a g llaceous Seve al r i l s ri in i are r i r i rr r plo at on we l have been d lled wh ch the most p ol fic and p ospect p ts su ound the exposu e, Th l the quadrangle . e we ls were widely distri buted reservoirs in Illi but it appears that very little coal r i are i r r i are o . anked as w ldcats because they no s, exposed at the su face ( was m ned more than miles from established eroded) and flushed of hydroc ar The Tunnel Coal Bed in

m r i r i s . The r ir r ri i r co me c al ope at on quad bons . Rese vo cha acte st cs of the lowe shale and sandstone mem r i 1 0 i ri re- r Mi i i i ber Tradewater F r i angle l es about m les south of bu ed , p uppe ss ss pp an of the o mat on Mi h ill Oil Fi i r the tc ellsv e eld, the strata are unknown w thin the quad c opped out south of the Mount r m oil in i i r t i for i r in r 8 1 2 southe n ost field Ill no s angle, al hough the potent al Z on Chu ch the cente S

in TI OS R6E . The Mi rr r 1 2 i 12 T1 r 3S R5E. in (located , ) nton the occu ence of hyd oca bon accu / , Sect on , , It was W Baker No . 1 ell was drilled in the mulations associated with Siluri an terrnittently mined by several com horst betwee n the Raum and Hobbs pinnacle reefs in the area has been panies from the 19305 to the late r F l Mississi W i r r i C eek au t Zones to the p postulated by h take The 19705 . P oduct on figures are not i i r inf rr re r i il min re r p an Haney L mestone Membe of e ed ve sals of d splacement ava able, but the e po tedly G F r i the r r Th the olconda o mat on at a depth along Lusk C eek and Raum p oduced tons in 1970. e Th 1 . 1 of 6 0 feet e Austin Roberts No . Fault Zones could diminish the po coal contained several clay partings W ell was drilled between the Hobbs tential for petroleum occurrences be and varied in thickness from about r and Fli r r i r C eek Fault Zone the ck cause hyd oca bons may have been to feet, but th nned late ally Br D i i ri r i r i anch Fault to the evon an L ngle flushed p o to th s last majo ep to the north and northeast . The mine

i . r w L mestone at a depth of feet sode of defo mation . as abandoned because of the clay Th r B N . W e , r r et al. o 1 l rt i i i t r i Rodge a ge el pa ngs, the d ff cul y of emov ng Coal rill in r i i r i the de le was d ed the g aben w th n the ove ly ng sandstone, and p r F Mis For l li i . Hobbs C eek ault Zone to the local use, loca supp es of coal t on of coal i i i siss pp an Ste . Genev eve Limestone have been mined in the Caseyv ille

37 mi l se s of c nne s m e f Tu el O r ti i in Table 4 Che ca analy ha l a pl o nn Hill Coal. the last pe a ng m ne the quad r r i in angle, ext acted th s coal the Basis W1 2 SE i 29 T12S , SE, SE, , Sect on , , R E 6 . The r i As received Moisture and ash-free ope at on was abandoned

in 1 74 . . 9 . R B Nance and G . J . All i r i ISGS ga e (unpubl shed field notes, 1975) measured a lower foot coal and an upper foot coal whi ch i ri Th conta ned a py tic layer. e coals were separated by foot of argil l aceous coal . The coal crops out in a stream bed just south of the mine i e it is 2 i rli s t ; about feet th ck, ove es a

The i i re r . i biostrati r r r m ne s te has cently been C eek Palynolog cal and ooted unde clay, and g ades up to r i . The i l i in r i of Pe c r ecla med chem cal ana ys s g aph c analyses the coal ( p bla k ca bonaceous shale . Northeast 4 is r h r r i i 1989 the ri mi table taken f om a c annel sam pe s , pe sonal commun cat on, ) of st p ne, about feet of i l r i i r i cor al r in r i ple of the coal, exclud ng sha e pa t nd cate the coal app ox mately the co c ops out a small av ne

Th ur i re mi — ings . e sulf content of th s lates to the S th coal bed in the just east of the Eddyville Golconda is r i for r Tradewater r i r NW i 22 TIZS sample elat vely low coal lowe Fo mat on of west oad ( SE, Sect on , ,

r i i i ern . The i Th w is i R6E . e m as i f om the Ill no s Bas n, but the ash Kentucky coal d scont nu ) sa e coal m ned

is i . xi ic ri r 1934 r r i in content h gh ous, has a ma mum th kness p o to f om seve al p ts the i l in r i r 2 W W 4 The r r 3 S N i 1 T125 R6E. . . most w desp ead coa the ang ng f om to mo e than feet, , Sect on , , H B quad rangle is in the Tradewater For and locally has a clay parting of Stonehouse (unpublished ISGS field

I i r i . Th W i . t r e estem i i 1954 r 2 mat on c ops out nte m ttently to foot M n ng notes, ) measu ed to feet of r ri r r i i nea the cre st of the dge between Co po at on (also known as the coal on the north s de of this ravine . F Mi i n in the Raum ault Zone and Lusk Shawnee n ng Compa y) m e, The r r De r i B i : m ri i r : i Sur i . F. 1905 Ba n, H , , Fluo spa C aton c as ns A e can Asso ed to , Geology Geolog cal I li 1 - i ion r m i i . . 376 4 56 . i f r i is : US . c at pos ts o Southe n Ill no of Pet oleu Geolog sts, vey of l no s, v , p - i . . M inni i r i 255 ir 51 . 199 208. r P. . cG s Geolog cal Su vey, Bullet n , Memo , p E v n, C , and L D , 1 7 R lf M . . . r 9 5 ee oot i r i 7 ri . 5 B stol, H , and R H Howa d, , R ft, eact vated r 1971 i r r r i i i i H. d . . f Barroas . an , M , R M Clu f, , Paleogeolog c Map of the p ecu so to the M ss ss pp 1984 r - n i Chesterian m : i i , New Albany Shale G oup Sub Pe nsylvan an Embay ent Geolog cal Soc ety - i Mi i i i r r Mi i i i r in ri l i . 86 . 1287 (Devon an ss ss pp an) sou ce (Uppe ss ss pp an) Su face of Ame ca Bu let n, v , p

rock and hydrocarbon generation the Illinois Basin: Illinois State 1295 .

G i r ir r 458 Eslin . P. . . . in Il i i i in . the l no s Bas n, G De eolog cal Su vey, C cula , g, S , B Hughes, and R C i 16 Gr 1989 i the i . . rri rs ma son and R J Mu s, ed to , aham, , Analys s of gv 1 r i i il i l D. 19 6 r O in i i tr m i r Ba Broka . Pe oleu Geochem st y and , A , , P el m na y Cache Valley depos ts I l no s sin Evaluation: American Associa Report on Southern Illinois and implications regarding the i r i r in Wi i i - t on of Pet oleum Geolog sts, Pa ts of Sal e, ll amson, Pope, late Ple stocene Holocene devel — i : i i o ment i i r l 111 138 . ir 35 . Memo , p and Johnson Count es Ill no s p of the Oh o R ve Va ley

— B . 7 Th r r i r ti 1 . 434 437 . i . S. 1931 e Bast n, E , , Fluo spa State Geolog cal Su vey, ulle n Geology, v , p

— F nn m . M . 1 Ph i r i r i 35 . 39 55 . e e an 938 s o a Depos ts of Ha d n and Pope , p , N , , y g 17 ri r r i n i li i : l i i C. 19 De i s and co : Cou t es, Il no s I l no s State Butts, , , sc pt on phy of Easte n Un ted States f i is i i for McGraw - i Y r 714 i rv l i 58 r i o . Geolog cal Su ey, Bul et n , elat on the M ss s pp an H ll, New o k, p in F r R . . . Tand ri i r P. a ch 116 . p mat ons of weste n Kentucky, ollme , L , J , and

i i r i W . . W. . . Br is i n r 198 Th v l B r . r 5 e e o u axte , J , and J C adbu y, M s ss pp a Fo mat ons of est R G Da mody, , 1989 The I li i — r ern : c i ti i i , l no s Kentucky fluo Kentucky Kentu ky Geolog on of pedolog c and geolog c

B. r 11 . r i in in r . 9 Mid n i r i ri . . co t spa d st ct, J C Baxte , E cal Su vey, p p of le concepts the l i A r Ha ni di . T. 187 US r Kisvarsan i . . e 5 y , and R D g , Cox, E , , Geology of Ga lat n nent, Ag onomy Abst acts

r re ri i i i in . . 1 985 ri i t r to s, P camb an and Paleozo c and Sal ne Count es, A H , Ame can Soc e y of Ag on i in W r i r m W 1 1 . Ore e o i i i . 9 Geology and D pos ts the o then, ed to , Geology and y, Mad son, scons n, p

i F . . . . r : r B. Wil Midcontinent i : 28th r C . Reg on Inte Paleontology Geolog cal Su vey ye, J , H D Glass, and H l — 7 2 . 1 2 r i i l r i i . 6 . 19 34 96 r i i r nat onal Geolog ca Cong ess, of Ill no s, v , p man, , St at g aphy and M ne 1 i W Fi Tri i T147 r . A. 960 r isconsinan s eld p Gu debook , Desbo ough, G , , St at alogy of the Loe ses — hi f i in i : llin 4 22. r o i i i p . g ap c aspects the Caseyv lle Ill no s I o s State Geolog cal

W. A . r r in i i i r ir ular 34 . r . G D 3 55 Baxte , J , and esbo ough, G oup the v c n ty of Pomona, Su vey, C c , p

I in i . . . : Fr . B. W 1965 r l l i i l i is C r . i , A ea Geology of the I l no s Jackson County, I l no ll o s ye, J , A B Leona d , H ll

— Tr i . . F r r i ri . ar 2 r r ci 1972 luo spa D st ct P t Ka be s Academy of S ence ansact ons, man, and H D Glass, , Geol 1 7— i i i r uadran v. 53 . 5 165 o R dge and Ros cla e Q , p [publ shed gy and Paleontology of the Late

A. . E. . . : I i i i l Sur r . i li gles ll no s State Geolog ca Deve a, J , C Mason, and R A Ple stocene Lake Sa ne, South ir 4 1 7 ri in r Il i : I i ve l r 385 0 . r 98 i i y, C cu a , p Peppe s, , A ma ne shale easte n l no s ll no s State Geo i r i r . r L W . . r i ir r 47 r . 1 44 . Baxte , J , G A Desbo ough, and the Caseyv lle Fo mat on ( owe log cal Su vey, C cula , p

W. 1 7 in r i . . 1 . 96 r i C 966 re C Shaw, , A eal Geology Pennsylvan an) southe n Ill Gause, J , , A al geology of I li i : i il of the l nois Fluorspar D stri ct . nois (abstract) Geolog cal Society the Reevesv le Quadrangle : MS . rt 3— r r i ri r i Pro i r I i i i r Pa He od and Shetle v lle of Ame ca, Abst acts w th thes s, Southe n ll no s Un ve

i r . 1 . 4 . 1 6 . i 1 r : i m 9 9 r 37 . Quad angles Ill no s State Geo g a s, v , no , p s ty, Ca bondale, p

i 4 r . r . B . . 1989 . C 1 12a Th r ir r 13 4 1 . . 9 e log cal Su vey, C cula , p D oste, J , and S J Kelle , , Glenn, L , , Geology of

W. P. . r F. . i W r in r . N t Mississ . . or Baxte , J , E Po te , and L Development of the p ebste County, C J 1963 r i - i n unconfor i r r Pr Doyle, , A eal Geology of the p an Pennsylvan a wood, ed to , Repo t on the o 1 i : I i i F r r i ri . r in i i r ur for Y r ll no s luo spa D st ct Pa t , m ty Ind ana Ind ana g ess of the S vey the ea s in i -in- G i r i 1910 1911 : i Sal e M nes, Cave Rock, De eolog cal Su vey, Occas onal and Kentucky Geolog

— r l . . r 55 11 . ca rv 25 35 koven, and Repton Quad angles Pape , p Su ey, p I i 1 2 i i r H . 1866a n . C. 91 b i ll no s State Geolog cal Su vey, Engelmann, , , Pope County, Glen , L , , A Geolog cal ir Ri r in . . i r 342 43 . r Bi Ba Trad w C cula , p no th of g y ve , A H Reconna ssance of the e a B . . W i r : re . T. Le i i rt ter i r i i i tagne, A J, and C s ng, o hen, ed to , Geology Geo R ve Reg on, w th Spec al 1 1 991 I r r i i mi i r I i i . r the Coal : , nte p etat on of se s c log cal Su vey of ll no s , v , Refe ence to Beds Ken

— r re ra . 456 495 . i rv B i data f om the Rough C ek g p tucky Geolog cal Su ey, ullet n r c b H. 1866 ben, weste n Kentu ky and Engelmann, , , Geology of in W i . . i r i . C. 1922 The Southe n Ill no s, M Johnson, Pulask , Massac, and Glenn, L , , Geology and i . D. . in Le D. W h n i . . W r e er . Kenuck g ton, R Kolata, F Oltz, Pope Cou t es, A H o th n, Coals of ebst County y Ei l i r ri r and . . de J J , ed to s, Inte o

39 i r ri 6 . 5 . R. T. . T r i i i i Il i is: r Geolog cal Su vey, Se es , v , Howe, J , and L hompson, g aph c d v s ons of l no Jou 1 984 T i i — 249 . e i . 1 56 . 6 . p , ecton cs, s d mentat on, nal of Geolog ,y v , p 33 1 Th r r r . 985 e i r . C the i . A. 1979 r r G aham, R , , Quate and hyd oca bon potent al of L neback, J , , Quate na y nary history of the Uppe r Cache Reelfoot Rift . Oil and Gas Jour Deposits of Illinois : Illinois State i 2 - i r l : . . . 8 . 46 . 177 190. i r R ve Val ey M S thes s, South nal, v , no , p Geolog cal Su vey Map, li i i r i r i i D r m i ern a . Il no s Un ve s ty, Ca bon Ill no s epa t ent of Publ c sc le 196 l . A. 236 6 and re . 1925 r r dale, p Health, , Ru es gula Malott, C , , Uppe Cheste f r i M . . . r r i n o r s i r . i n : I i a G ogan, R , and J C B adbu y, t o s efu e d sposal s tes and of Ind a a nd ana Ac demy of 1968 ri - i - e i i i i : i i De r i r i for 1924 , Fluo te z nc lead d pos ts fac l t es Ill no s pa tment of Sc ence, P oceed ngs , — mi i P li i i — i i r r v. 4 . 1 3 03 132. of the Ill no s Kentucky n ng ub c Health, San ta y Eng nee , p i r in i i in . . i Ore i 7 . W i ri . G. . . r 1987 d st ct, J D R dge, ed to , g D v s on, p Maples, C , and J A ate s, ,

D i i . . 199 1 Redefinition M ram epos ts of the Un ted States Jacobson, R J, , Geology of the of the e ecian/ the Graton Sales Volume: Ameri Goreville Quadrangle: Illi nois Chesterian bound ary (Mississip f i i i r l i i : — I i o i G . . 15 647 6 51 . can nst tute M n ng, Metal State Geolog cal Su vey, I l no s p an) eology, v , p i i r 7 lur ical P r m u McFarlan . C. . . g and et oleu Eng Geolog c Q ad angle , , A , D H Swann, — 7 . . Y r . 1 . 3 0 399 . . W neers l r . 1955 , New o k, v , p scale F H a ke , E Nosow, ,

. T. M . 1963 b r . R. . . r r m Hall e g, G , J R Lucas, and C Kehn, , , Geology of the Some Old Cheste P oble s 1978 i- i i il r rr r . i s Mi d M Goodman , , Sem quant Mad sonv le East Quad angle, Co elat on of Lowe and

tative i i r c : US . i Sur r r i W analys s of clay m ne alogy, Kentu ky Geolog cal dle Cheste Fo mat ons of est l i r i r 252 rn in . . r e : t i G A Ha lbe g, ed to , Stand vey, Geolog c Quad angle , Kentucky Ken ucky Geolog

ard r r for i s . ur ri 9 i 16 P ocedu es the Evaluat on cale cal S vey, Se es , Bullet n , - : . Dim n 7 . r r ri P. 1981 T re e 3 of Quate na y Mate al of Iowa Kempton, J , , h e p

D. W i rv Techni sional i i for En McKa E. 1979 isconsinan Iowa Geolog cal Su ey, Geolog c Mapp ng y, , , ir nm n i i : I r i ri . 8 v o e tal in i r i r I i i in cal nfo mat on Se es , no , Stud es Ill no s loess st at g aphy of ll no s, — i i W in 22. i rv iscons an San am nian . 5 o p Ill no s State Geolog cal Su ey, , g , and 2 m h l ir Illi i V. 1 8 Geo or o r i r in r i ri P. 9 l He n ch, , , p Env onmental Geology Notes no an St at g aphy Cent a I i 1 00 43 . i is: i i i ogy and sed mentology of the , p Ill no ll no s State Geolog cal

— . W . . R . 1991 r 1 . P i in r i o 3 95 108 . le stocene Lake Sal e, southe n Kolata , D , and J Nelson, , Su vey, Gu deb ok , p

is i r i T i i r li i W. . . . r . . a i is: . . Ill no M S thes , Un ve s ty of ecton c h sto y of the Il no s Nelson, J, J A Deve a , R J I

i in . W. i . . n . . . li i m i 144 . L cobso mm . Il no s , Cha pa gn, p Bas n, M e ghton, D R , D K Lu , R A Pep

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i i in Mooreman Tr : i rs ri r r i B ins: . . F r M . . i . . s ng ough ed to , Inte o C aton c as L R ollme , H R ggs, S P

3 ri i i r Eslin . . r r r Oil r r . No theaste n Repo te , v , Ame can Assoc at on of Pet o g, E D Hende son, and

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R. . . T r d r ri r 1961 r r r m r . r an , St uctu al f a ewo k of the Kolata , D , J D ewo gy, C eal Sp ngs Quad angles, - 1 r li : i li i i in i ri . . M r 198 r r i i Il no s Kentucky m n g d st ct J M aste s, , St uctu al Southe n Il no s Ill no s State its r i i r l de os r r the Mi i i i i r i 96 and elat on to m ne a p F amewo k of ss ss pp Geolog cal Su vey, Bullet n , i r r t r l i i 85 j its: US . Geolog cal Su vey, P o es Embayment of Southe n I l no s I

- — W. . . . D . i i i r Nelsort sional r 424 D . 3 D6 Pape , p Ill no s State Geolog cal Su vey, , J, and D K Lumm,

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i r tur the W . . e i i r g onal St uc e of Southeast anless, and H B lman, no s State Geolog cal Su vey,

— i ri li is t c 1960 i i the ir r 538 70 . M ssou and Il no Ken u ky , Class ficat on of Penn C cula , p

W . . i v r i i : i . . m Mi ral Di ric : US . s l anian ne st ts Geolog cal y St ata of Ill no s Ill elson, J, and D K Lu m, - i l 990a il r u i 1202 B 20 . i r Su vey, B llet n , p no s State Geolog cal Su vey, , Geology of the Eddyv le 214 84 r : l i is Hi r T. . P. Kucks r n i i ldenb and, G R , and Repo t of I vest gat ons , p Quad angle I l no State Geo Min i r Illlinois i H i ld 1 2 i r . E. 1925 and P. . e o 99 C g , , Geolog c and Lama , J , , Geology log cal Su vey, Geolog c

r r i r r r r 5 . st uctu al evolut on of the south e al Resou ces of the Ca bondale Quad angle , scale

W . ern i i i r n : lli i Nelson . and . . mm Ill no s Bas n based on poten Quad a gle I no s State Geo , J, D K Lu , - in i 172 . l 990b r i field i r . rv i 48 t al stud es (abst act), M log cal Su ey, Bullet n , p , Geology of the Stonefo t i i l . E. 42 i in r : i B. . E 1 r . de edi m r 9 Goldhabe and J J , La a , J , , Halloys te Clay Quad angle Ill no s State Geo r i r r of i I li i : I li i i i r li i i to s, M ne al Resou ces the Ill l no s l no s State Geolog cal log cal Su vey, Il no s Geolog c

r 6 . i B i in i ur ir r 83 4 . no s as n the Context of Bas n S vey, C cula , p Quad angle , scale i W. 1 Th i i 1 i R Nuttli . 973 e Mis E i r r Ah r . E. 959 e volut on, P og am and Lama , J , , L mestone , O , , s ss pp stracts: USGS Open-File Report sources of Extreme Southern Illi Valley earthquakes of 1811 - 1812 - — i i i i 2 . : i i a r u 92 1 . 25 6 i i , p no s Ill no s State Geolog c l ntens t es, g o nd mot on and

W. : i the i . 1974 tr t re ur r I i i n i e Hook, J , , S uc u of the S vey, Repo t of nvest gat o s magn tudes Bullet n of S s - m l i al i ri m in lli i 211 81 . o o c fault syste s the I no s Ken , p g Soc ety of Ame ca, - 24 . v. 7 63 . 22 8 fl r i in W W. 191 uo s ar ri . . 6 tucky p d st ct, D Lee, , , Geology of the , p - i i r S m o r in i r L. 1988 The i Hutch nson, ed to , A y p Shawneetown Quad angle Ol ve , , , stack un t map i r t : i i r r r i r s um on the Geology of Fluo Ken ucky Kentucky Geolog cal p ng, Quate na y st at g aphy, : i ri r 7 . i i r ri 4 . 4 r 3 r r spa Kentucky Geolog cal Su vey, Se es , v (pa t p and eng nee ng p ope t es of the ur w W M . . . l surficial l r ri X e i P li L i . Ekb a S vey, Se es , Sp c al ub ca e ghton, M , G E , and geology of the a te s

— - i 22 . 4 i i r 77 . . H r r 1 8 ur 86 . o be 9 t on , p C L g, , Phys o b g M nute Quad angle,