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ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻻك ﭘﺸﺖ ﺧﺰري ( caspica caspica)

155:: • * :* • 46414356: : : • 46414356

.235 118. Mauremys caspica caspica .(46)(72) . 116. . .

96/93119/80(33/87)(SCL1). Placobdella costata 174/53199/41 ( 25) ().GlossiphoniidaeRhynchobdellida .1:1

:ﻻ كﭘﺸﺖ ﺧﺰري، Mauremys caspica caspica، اﺳﺘﺎ نﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن و ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران

1 [email protected]:

.( 18 ) .( )2 220 .( 13 11 )4 )3(. 300 ( 15 )2 Rastegar-pouyani ( 1974 ) Anderson ( 12 ) .( 15 )5 ( 2008 ) 5 10 ( 1356 ) Fritz .( )1 3 Testudinidae 2 1997 1996 Wischuf M. c. ventrimaculata M. c. siebenrocki Hojati ( 2006 ) Kami 15.( ) Batagurinae Geoemydidae . ( 2003 ) Mauremys 3 ( 15 ) M. c. )5( caspica caspica siebenrocki . M. c. ventrimaculata ( )7

17( ) 1:

2

1391 3

. 1 01/0 . 10( )5 . : 23 . 1390 3 9 . 1391 . . SPSS PAST EXCEL 17 . .

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1:

211 55 ˚57 ′22 ″E 37 ˚54 ′ 15 ″N 1 150 55 ˚29 ′01 ″E 37 ˚22 ′ 51 ″N 2 45 55 ˚10 ′59 ″E 37 ˚14 ′ 59 ″N 3 75 55 ˚17 ′07 ″E 37 ˚12 ′ 29 ″N 4 8 54 ˚43 ′10 ″E 37 ˚27 ′ 14 ″N 5 6 54 ˚35 ′14 ″E 37 ˚21 ′ 30 ″N 6 7 54 ˚38 ′36 ″E 37 ˚25 ′ 40 ″N 7 6 54 ˚40 ′27 ″E 37 ˚04 ′ 26 ″N 8 14 54 ˚27 ′18 ″E 37 ˚00 ′ 49 ″N 9 22 54 ˚13 ′52 ″E 36 ˚53 ′ 27 ″N 10 15 54 ˚04 ′55 ″E 36 ˚51 ′ 18 ″N 11 19 54 ˚07 ′27 ″E 36 ˚53 ′ 18 ″N 12 140 54 ˚52 ′05 ″E 36 ˚54 ′ 25 ″N 13 24 54 ˚26 ′50 ″E 36 ˚53 ′ 02 ″N 14 20 54 ˚04 ′01 ″E 36 ˚53 ′ 53 ″N 15 27 53 ˚41 ′13 ″E 36 ˚51 ′ 28 ″N 16 36 53 ˚48 ′32 ″E 36 ˚43 ′ 38 ″N 17 18 53 ˚32 ′20 ″E 36 ˚41 ′ 21 ″N 18 22 53 ˚08 ′59 ″E 36 ˚34 ′ 29 ″N 19 40 53 ˚04 ′05 ″E 36 ˚33 ′ 45 ″N 20 20 52 ˚39 ′27 ″E 36 ˚42 ′ 09 ″N 21 22 52 ˚00 ′48 ″E 36 ˚34 ′ 34 ″N 22 22 51 ˚58 ′16 ″E 36 ˚34 ′ 16 ″N 23

( 1949 Chernov Terentev ) 2:

SCL 1

SCL 2 SCW CH

PL 1

PL 2

TL 1

TL 2 W SCL= Straight Carapace Length SCW= Straight Carapace Width CH=Carapace Height PL=Plastron Length

TL= Tail Length W=Weight

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1391 3

5 11 4 . . 2 1 . ( Axillary ) . ( Inguinal ) . 8 . . . . 8 7 T 5 4 . . . . 22 06/ 42 39/ . . 5 . Placobdella costata . 4 Glossiphoniidae Rhynchobdellida .

1390 20/6/ : 2: 5

7 125 . 62 56 118 . . 1:1

( SCL 1) 224 80/ 50 61/ . .

233 71/ 74 56/ ( SCL 1) . . 96 93/ 119 80/ 2(. 1 ) 174 53/ 199 41/

. 3 2/1 TL 2:TL 1 .

SCW SCL 2 SCL 1 34 . . 05/0

aa ab 3 TL 2 TL 1 Independent T-test . Mann-whitney U 4 . t-test PCA

99 PC 2 PC 1 . ( PCA ) PAST . 2:

( ) ( ) ( ) SCL 1 118 50 /61 233 /71 150 /89 46 /67 SCL 2 118 50 /92 235 /29 152 /57 47 /00 SCW 118 42 /04 160 /84 109 /48 30 /43 CH 118 18 /95 84 /50 52 /27 17 /37 PL 1 118 40 /09 194 /13 126 /03 39 /88 PL 2 118 43 /47 209 /28 137 /80 43 /02 TL 1 118 8/21 65 /81 27 /21 12 /38 TL 2 118 20 /19 77 /81 48 /71 12 /33 W 118 18 1481 548 /74 417 /61

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1391 3

T-test 3:

( ) T (df ) Sig(2-tailed) 62 3494/ 45/9 116 00/0

TL 1 56 18 65/ 62 4339/ 51/5 116 00/0

TL 2 56 54 60/

Mann-whitney U 4:

( ) Sig(2-tailed)

SCL 1 62 145 89/ 46 39/ 23/0 56 15642/ 4678/ SCL 2 62 147 54/ 4677/ 24/0 56 158 13/ 47 05/ SCW 62 10557/ 3009/ 14/0 56 113 80/ 30 50/ CH 62 4745/ 1478/ 00/0 56 57 61/ 18 56/

PL 1 62 11637/ 3643/ 00/0 56 136 73/ 41 11/ PL 2 62 12861/ 3990/ 00/0 56 147 96/ 44 40/ W 62 46154/ 38626/ 02/0 56 645 28/ 432 96/

( SCL 1 ) ( 1

( SCL 1) 1:

7

( SCL 1) 2:

3:

4:

8

1391 3

. Mauremys caspica caspica . . Mauremys caspica caspica . 17(. ) 29 30 . . 1 9 )6 14( )6.( ( 1:3 ) 1:1( ) . ( )74 ( 1:8 ) .1356 . 1 . 65. 20 214 )5 .1373 .. . 2 10( . 211 . . .1383 . .. . 3 10( ) ( orbicularis ) Placobdella costata . 97. 90 64. 10(. )5 .1390 . .. . 4 (Mauremys caspica caspica ) . 22. 15 2.

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5. Anderson, S.C., 1979. Synopsis of the turtles, 12 McDade, M.C. and Schlager, N., 2003. Grzimek's crocodiles, and amphisbaenians of . Proceedings life encyclopedia. Volume 7, , 65P. of the National Academy of Sciences. 41, 501-528. 13 Miller S. and Harley J., 2010. Zoology, Eighth 6Du, W.G., Wang L. and Shen J.W., 2010 . Optimal edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, 337P. temperatures for egg incubation in two Geoemydid 14 Mrosovsky N. and Yntema, C., 1980.Temperature turtles: Ocadia sinensis and Mauremys mutica . dependence of sexual differentiation in sea turtles: Aquaculture 305, 138-142. implications for conservation practices. Biological 7 Fritz, U., Havaš P. and Dresden M.f.T., 2007. Conservation, 18:271-280. Checklist of chelonians of the world 229, Museum 15 Rastegar-Pouyani N., Kami H.G., Rajabzadeh of Zoology Dresden. M., Shafiei S. and Anderson S.C., 2008. Annotated 8 Hojati, V., Kami H.G., Ebrahimi M. and Shajiee Checklist of and Reptiles of Iran. H., 2003. Morphometric comparison of the Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4(1):43- European pond , Emys orbicularis , and the 66. Caspian pond turtle , Mauremys caspica ,in Golestan 16 Terentev, P.V. and Chernov, S.A., 1949. Key to and Mazandaran provinces. Journal of Marine amphibians and reptiles, Third edition, (Translated Sciences and Technology,2(1):1-12 from Russian by the Program for Scientific 9 Janzen F.J. , 1994. Climate change and temperature- Translation) Translated by L. Kochva, 195P. dependent sex determination in reptiles. Proceedings 17- Vamberger, M.H., Stuckas, H., Ayaz, D., Gracia, of the National Academy of Sciences 91:7487P. E., Aloufi, A.A., Els, J., Mazanaeva, L.F., Kami, 10 Kami, H.G., Hojati, V., Pashaee, S. and H.G., Fritz, U., 2012: Conservation genetics and Sheidaee, M., 2006: A biological study of the phylogeography of the poorly known Middle European Pond Turtle, Emys orbicularis persica , Eastern Mauremys caspica (Testudines: and the Caspian Pond Turtle, Mauremys caspica Geoemydidae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution, caspica , in the Golestan and Mazandaran provinces pp.1-9. of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 37:21-28. 18- Wischuf, T. and Fritz U., 1996. Eine neue Unterart der 11 Krenz, J.G., Naylor, G.J.P., Shaffer, H.B. and Bachschildkröte ( Mauremys caspica ventrimaculata Janzen, F.J., 2005. Molecular phylogenetics and subsp. nov.) aus dem Iranischen Hochland. Salamandra- evolution of turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Bonn , 32:113-122. Evolution 37:178-191.

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Scientific –Research Journal of Animal Environment Vol. 4, No. 1, Autumn 2012

Biological study of the Caspian pond turtle (Mauremys caspica caspica)

 Haji Gholi Kami Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, : P.O.Box:155 Gorgan  RezaYadollahvand*: Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box:356 Noor, Iran

 Mhammad Reza Kalbassi : Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box:356 Noor, Iran

Received: February 2011 Accepted: May 2012

Keywords: Caspian turtle, Mauremys caspica caspica, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces Abstract Five of sea turtles, 3 species of freshwater turtles and 2 species of terrestrial turtles exists in Iran. This research is result of study on the Mauremys caspica caspica is known as the Caspian pond turtle. 118 specimens from Golestan province (72 specimens) and Mazandaran (46 specimens) were studied. The results indicate that this species has dark olive integument with yellow parallel stripes in the limbs, neck and tail. Carapace is relatively flat and has two supracaudal scutes and the bridges between the carapace and plastron are bony. The plastron has 6 pairs of scutes, one pair of axillary scutes and one pair of inguinal scutes and end of anal scutes is pointed. The males and females are distinguishable with anus position on the bottom surface of the tail and the presence or absence of plastron surface concavity. Fore and hind limbs have swimming membranes and have 5 and 4 claws, respectively. Maximum straight carapace length frequency (SCL1) (33.87%) was between 96.93-119.80mm in males and (25%) was between 174.53-199.41mm in females. Turtle leech, Placobdella costata belonging to the Rhynchobdellida and Glossiphoniidae was identified on some specimens. Sexual ratio (male/female) was 1:1 in this research.

1 * Corresponding Author’s email:[email protected]