Vertebrate Pests Committee

List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia

May 2003

Contact Details Background Vertebrate Pests Committee Secretary All species on this list (excluding those with B or C c\o Land Protection annotations) form a definitive record of the non- Department of Natural Resources & Mines indigenous vertebrate mammals, birds, amphibians GPO Box 2454 and reptiles held in Australia under State and Territory BRISBANE QLD 4001 legislation. (It is the responsibility of the holder of an Tel. 07 3405 5540 individual animal to ensure that they are also Fax. 07 3405 5551 compliant with Commonwealth legislation relating to Mobile. the possession and quarantine of exotic animals.) Email. [email protected] This list should be used as a reference by the Vertebrate Pests Committee and Commonwealth, Sustainable Wildlife Industries State and Territory agencies in controlling the entry, Environment Australia movement and keeping of exotic vertebrate animals. GPO Box 787 CANBERRA ACT 2601 This list may be subject to change from time to time Tel. 02 6274 2880 (with VPC approval), to incorporate changes in the Fax. 02 6274 1921Email. [email protected] taxonomic name of species. It may also be changed where additions have been made through the legal importation of new exotic species into Australia under References the provisions of the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Christidis, L. and Boles, W. E. 1994. The Taxonomy Quarantine Act 1908. and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. RAOU Monograph 2. Each species, unless otherwise stated, has so far only be subjected to a general assessment of the risk it Frost, N.C. 1985. Amphibian Species of the World: a poses. Specific and thorough risk assessments will taxonomic and geographic reference. Kansas: Allen be indicated in the comments section. Press Inc. & Association of Systematics Collections.

The attached list is ordered in Classes; Mammals, Golay, P., Smith, H.M., Broadley, D.G., Dixon, J.R., Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia. McCarthy, C., Rage, J.C., Schatti, B. & M. Toriba. 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes This list is maintained by the Secretary, Vertebrate of the world: a checklist. Geneva: AZEMIOPS. Pests Committee and should be updated on a regular basis. All changes to this list should be made in Howard, R. and Moore, A. 1991. A Complete accordance with current VPC policy and must be Checklist of the Birds of the World. Academic Press, accepted unanimously by all VPC member agencies. London.

Please contact Environment Australia for further Kingston, R. 1998. Keeping and Breeding Finches information about importation of exotic animals and Seed-eaters. Indruss Productions, New Farm. into Australia. Please note however, that animals imported under Environment Australia legislation Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living Snakes of the World. will usually also be subject to State and Territory New York: Sterling Publishing. legislative controls. i. e. the species must also appear on this VPC list. Sibley, C. and Monroe, B. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Please Note: This VPC List includes all exotic Press, New Haven. vertebrate animals in Australia on the basis of their pest potential down to a taxonomic level of species. Sokolov, V.E. 1988. Dictionary of Animal Names in Individual sub-species are not listed. Five Languages: Amphibians and Reptiles. Moscow: Russky Yazyk.

Acknowledgment: VPC acknowledges the assistance Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles: An Action Plan for and advice of Paul Andrew, Curator, Taronga Zoo, their Conservation. IUCN/SSC Tortoise and NSW Agriculture, ARAZPA and the Department of Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group Agriculture in Western Australia in the preparation of this list. Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder 1996. Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 2nd ed. Washington & London : Smithsonian Institution Press.

KEY TO TABLES

DEFINITION OF PROPOSED NEW VPC OTHER INFORMATION CATEGORIES A Those species currently held in statutory zoos in (from Guidelines on the Entry, Movement and Australia as a result of seizures by Customs or Keeping of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia legal importations, but which were not previously – Draft Report 2003). categorised by VPC before January 1st 1998. These species have been considered by VPC To assign an exotic species to a threat category, three and have been placed in Category 2, without a risk scores are calculated: the risk that (1) an escaped full review of pest potential, as of January 1st or released individual would harm people, (2) escaped 1998. A condition of this decision is that VPC will or released individuals would establish a wild free- not permit Approved Collection Status to be living population (3) the species would be a pest if a given to private zoos for any of the species listed wild population did establish. These three risk scores in red without a full review of pest potential being are then used to assign the exotic species to one of conducted by an independent VPC consultant, as four threat categories: extreme, serious, moderate or part of any application for approved collection low (see table below). For further information about status. However these species can be the risk assessment method used, please see transferred between Statutory Zoos subject to Bomford, M. (2003) Risk Assessment for the Import normal commonwealth and state requirements. and Keeping of Exotic Vertebrates in Australia. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra. (in Press). B Species held in Australia in “List of Animals (Aves, Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia)” compiled E – Extreme Threat Category by the WORKING PARTY ON INTRODUCTION These animals should not be allowed to enter, nor be AND CONTROL OF NON-INDIGENOUS PEST kept in any State or Territory. (Special consideration SPECIES for the VERTEBRATE PESTS may be given to scientific institutions on a case by COMMITTEE 1980, but is no longer held in case basis.) Any species that has not been assessed Australia. NB: (will remain on the VPC list and previously should be considered to be in the Extreme will retain the category assigned by VPC Threat Category and should be treated accordingly, previously, but it is not recommended to be listed until a risk assessment is conducted. under state or territory legislation controlling the entry, movement and keeping of exotic animals). S – Serious Threat Category C Species in Class 1a that have been imported into These animals may be introduced and/or should be Australia for research purposes in accordance kept only in collections approved by the relevant with VPC policy and the Wildlife Protection State/Territory authority as being primarily kept for (1) (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act and can public display and education purposes, and/or for (2) only be kept by specific “Approved Scientific genuine scientific research approved by the relevant Institutions”. Statutory or private zoos cannot State/Territory authority, and as meeting Best Practice keep species. for the purposes of keeping the species concerned. M – Moderate Threat Category These animals should be restricted to collections approved and registered by the relevant State/Territory authority for the keeping of Moderate Threat Species. States/Territories may continue to impose any additional restrictions on acquisition and keeping of Moderate Threat Species. L – Low Threat Category Animals which, relative to other species, have a low risk of becoming a problem for the environment, primary industry or public safety.

Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 4

ASSIGNING SPECIES TO THREAT CATEGORIES

Danger posed by Establishment likelihood Establishment VPC Threat Implication for Implication for individual animals (risk (risk that a particular consequence (Risk an category any proposed keeping and escaped individual species will establish a established population import into movement in animals would harm wild population in would cause harm) Australia1,2 Australia people) Australia) Highly Dangerous, Extreme Extreme Extreme Prohibited Limited to those Moderately Dangerous or collections approved Not Dangerous for keeping particular Extreme Highly Dangerous, Extreme High Extreme Threat species Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Extreme Moderate Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Extreme Low Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, High Extreme Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, High High Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Moderate Extreme Extreme Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, High Moderate Serious Import restricted to Limited to those Moderately Dangerous or those collections collections approved Not Dangerous approved for for keeping keeping Serious particular Serious Highly Dangerous, High Low Serious Threat species Threat species Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Moderate High Serious Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous Moderate Moderate Serious Highly Dangerous Moderate Low Serious Highly Dangerous, Low Extreme Serious Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous, Low High Serious Moderately Dangerous or Not Dangerous Highly Dangerous Low Moderate Serious Highly Dangerous Low Low Serious Moderately Dangerous or Moderate Moderate Moderate Import restricted to Limited to those Not Dangerous those collections collections approved approved for for keeping Moderately Dangerous or Moderate Low Moderate keeping Moderate Moderate Threat Not Dangerous Threat species species

Moderately Dangerous, or Low Moderate Moderate Not Dangerous

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 5

Moderately Dangerous Low Low Moderate Import permitted Keeping permitted Not Dangerous Low Low Low Unknown Any value Any value Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species Any value Unknown Any value Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species Any value Any value Unknown Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species Unassessed Unassessed Unassessed Extreme until Prohibited Limited to those proven collections approved otherwise for keeping particular Extreme Threat Species

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 6

ANIMALS LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY SCIENTIFIC NAME

MAMMALIA Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category Comments (Current/Possibl e New and Related Issues) Carnivora/ Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah; Hunting Leopard 2/Serious Felidae Rodentia/ Acomys cahirinus Mouse, Cairo Spiny Not Muridae listed/Extreme Artiodactyla/ Addax nasomaculatus Addax 2/Serious, A Bovidae Carnivora/ Ailuropoda melanoleuca Panda, Giant Not Ursidae listed/Extreme Carnivora/ Ailurus fulgens Panda, Lesser; Red Cat- 2/Serious Ursidae bear; Red Panda Carnivora/ Amblonyx cinereus Otter, Oriental Small- 2/Serious Synonym Aonyx Mustelidae clawed cinerea. Artiodactyla/ Ammotragus lervia Sheep, Barbary 2/Serious Bovidae Dasyuromorphia Antechinus melanurus Antechinus, Black-tailed Not / Dasyuridae listed/Extreme Dasyuromorphia Antechinus naso Antechinus, Long-nosed Not EA have separate / Dasyuridae listed/Extreme listings for naso and habbema). Synonym is habbema. Artiodactyla/ Antidorcas marsupialis Springbuck, Angolan 1a/Extreme Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Antilope cervicapra Blackbuck 3a/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Aotus trivirgatus Douroucouli; Night 2/Serious Cebidae Monkey; Owl Monkey Carnivora/ Arctictis binturong Binturong 2/Serious, A Viverridae Carnivora/ Arctogalidia trivirgata Civet, Small-toothed Palm 2/Serious Viverridae Primates/ Ateles geoffroyi Monkey, Black-handed 3a/Serious Cebidae Spider; Geoffroy's Spider Monkey; Mono colorado Artiodactyla/ Axis axis Deer, Chital (Axis) 3b/Extreme Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Axis porcinus Deer, Hog 3b/Serious Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Babyrousa babyrussa Babyrusa 2/Serious Suidae Artiodactyla/ Bison bison Bison, American; Buffalo 3b/Moderate Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Bos grunniens Yak 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Bos javanicus Banteng 3b/Serious formerly Bibos Bovidae sondaicus Artiodactyla/ Bos taurus Cattle, Domestic 4/Extreme includes indicus Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Bubalus bubalis Buffalo, Water 3b/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Callithrix pygmaea Marmoset, Pygmy 2/Serious Synomym is Cebuella Callitrichidae Primates/ Callithrix jacchus Marmoset, Common; 2/Extreme Kept in some private Callitrichidae White-tufted-ear Marmoset zoos and been given approval to breed according to breeding management plans. Rodentia/ Callosciurus species squirrels, giant 2/Extreme, A Sciuridae

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 7

Artiodactyla/ Camelus dromedarius Dromedary, Arabian 3b/Moderate Camelidae Camel Carnivora/ Canis familiaris Dog, Domestic 4/Extreme Canidae Carnivora/ Canis familiaris dingo Dingo 5/Extreme Canidae Carnivora/ Canis latrans Coyote 2/Extreme Canidae Carnivora/ Canis lupus Wolf, Common; Grey Wolf; 2/Extreme Canidae Timber Wolf; Wolf Carnivora/ Canis mesomelas Jackal, Black-backed 2/Extreme Canidae Artiodactyla/ Capra hircus Goat, Domestic 5/Extreme Bovidae Carnivora/ Caracal caracal Caracal, African; Asian 2/Serious Synonyms Felis, Lynx Felidae Caracal; Caracal; Desert Lynx Rodentia/ Castor canadensis Beaver, American 2/Extreme Castoridae Carnivora/ Catopuma temminckii Cat, Asiatic Golden; 2/Serious Synonym Felis Felidae Golden Cat; Temminck's Cat Rodentia/ Cavia porcellus Guinea-Pig, Domestic 4/Extreme Caviidae Primates/ Cebus albifrons Capuchin, Brown Pale- 3a/Serious Cebidae fronted; White-fronted Capuchin Primates/ Cebus apella Capuchin, Black-capped; 3a/Serious Cebidae Tufted Capuchin Perissodactyla/ Ceratotherium simum Rhinoceros, White 2/Serious Rhinocerotidae Primates/ Cercopithecus mitis Monkey, Blue; Diademed 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Monkey; Gentle Monkey; Sykes's Monkey Primates/ Cercopithecus neglectus Monkey, De Brazza's 2/Serious Cercopithecidae Primates/ Cercopithecus petaurista Guenon, Lesser Spot- 2/Serious Cercopithecidae nosed; Lesser White- nosed Guenon; Lesser White-nosed Monkey; Spot-nosed Monkey Artiodactyla/ Cervus elaphus Deer, Red; Wapiti; Elk 3b/Extreme Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Cervus nippon Deer, Sika Not Cervidae listed/Extreme Artiodactyla/ Cervus timoriensis Deer, Javan Rusa 3b/Extreme Cervidae Artiodactyla/ Cervus unicolor Deer, Sambar 3b/Extreme Cervidae Xenarthra/ Chaetophractus villosus Armadillo, Larger Hairy 3a/Extreme, B Dasypodidae Primates/ Chlorocebus aethiops Monkey, Green; Grivet 2/Extreme, A This species includes Cercopithecidae Monkey; Savanna Monkey; pygerythrus Green Tantalus Monkey; Vervet Monkey, tantalus Monkey Vervet, sabaeus Grivet. Xenarthra/ Choloepus hoffmanni Two-toed Sloth, 2/Serious Megalonychidae Hoffmann's Carnivora/ Chrysocyon brachyurus Wolf, Maned 2/Serious Canidae Primates/ Colobus guereza Colobus, Eastern Black- 2/Serious Cercopithecidae and-white; Guereza; Magistrate Colobus Rodentia/ Cricetus cricetus Hamster, Common 1a/Extreme, C Muridae Carnivora/ Crocuta crocuta Hyaena, Spotted 2/Serious, A Hyaenidae Carnivora/ Cuon alpinus Dog, Asiatic Wild; Dhole; 2/Serious Canidae Indian Wild Dog; Red Dog Diprotodontia/ Dactylopsila megalura Trioch, Great-tailed Not Petauridae listed/Extreme.

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 8

Artiodactyla/ Dama dama Deer, Fallow 3b/Extreme Cervidae Rodentia/ Dasyprocta azarae Agouti, Green 2/Serious Dasyproctidae Rodentia/ Dasyprocta leporina Agouti, Brazilian 2/Extreme includes aguti Dasyproctidae Xenarthra/ Dasypus novemcinctus Nine Banded Armadillo Not Dasypodidae listed/Extreme Dasyuromorphia Dasyurus albopunctatus Quoll, New Guinea 2/Serious / Dasyuridae Diprotodontia/ Dendrolagus dorianus Tree-kangaroo, Doria's; 2/Serious Macropodidae Unicolored Tree-kangaroo Diprotodontia/ Dendrolagus goodfellowi Tree-kangaroo, 2/Serious Macropodidae Goodfellow's; Ornate Tree- kangaroo Diprotodontia/ Dendrolagus matschiei Tree-kangaroo, Huon; 2/Serious Macropodidae Matschie's Tree-Kangaroo Perissodactyla/ Diceros bicornis Rhinoceros, Black 2/Serious Rhinocerotidae Rodentia/ Dolichotis patagonum Cavy, Patagonian 2/Serious Caviidae Diprotodontia/ Dorcopsis luctuosa Dorcopsis, Grey 2/Serious, A Macropodidae Carnivora/ Eira barbara Tayra 2/Extreme Mustelidae Proboscidea/ Elephas maximus Elephant, Asian; Indian 2/Serious Elephantidae Elephant Perissodactyla/ Equus asinus Ass, African Wild; Donkey; 4/Extreme Equidae Burro Perissodactyla/ Equus burchelli Zebra, Burchell's 2/Serious Equidae Perissodactyla/ Equus caballus Horse 4/Extreme Equidae Perissodactyla/ Equus ferus przewalskii Horse, Przewalski’s 2/Serious Equidae Perissodactyla/ Equus grevyi Zebra, Grevy's Not Equidae listed/Extreme Perissodactyla/ Equus onager Onager 2/Serious Formerley included in Equidae Equus hemionus Insectivora/ Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog, Eurasian Not Erinaceidae listed/Extreme Primates/ Erythrocebus patas Monkey, Patas 2/Serious Cercopithecidae Primates/ Eulemur fulvus Lemur, Brown 2/Serious Synomym is Lemur Lemuridae Primates/ Eulemur macaco Lemur, Black 2/Serious Lemuridae Primates/ Eulemur mongoz Lemur, Mongoose 2/Serious Lemuridae Carnivora/ Felis catus Cat, Domestic 4/Extreme Felidae Carnivora/ Felis chaus Cat, Jungle; Reed Cat; 2/Serious Felidae Swamp Cat Carnivora/ Felis viverrina Cat, Fishing Not Felidae listed/Extreme Rodentia/ Funambulus pennantii Palm-squirrel, Northern 2/Extreme Sciuridae Primates/ Galago senegalensis Bushbaby, Lesser; Lesser 2/Extreme Galagonidae Galago; Senegal Galago Artiodactyla/ Gazella dama Gazelle, Addra 2/Serious Nanger Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Gazella granti Gazelle, Grant's 2/Serious Bovidae Carnivora/ Genetta maculata Genet, Panther 2/Serious, B Synonyms Genetta Viverridae bini , Genetta pardina , Genetta poensis , Genetta rubiginosa. Artiodactyla/ Giraffa camelopardalis Giraffe 2/Serious Giraffidae Primates/ Gorilla gorilla Gorilla 2/Serious

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 9

Hominidae Carnivora/ Helarctos malayanus Bear, Malayan Sun; Sun 3a/Serious Synonym Ursus. Ursidae Bear Carnivora/ Helogale parvula Mongoose, Dwarf 2/Extreme, A Herpestidae Artiodactyla/ Hemitragus jemlahicus Tahr, Himalayan 2/Serious Bovidae Carnivora/ Herpailurus yaguarondi Jaguarundi; Eyra Cat 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Felidae Artiodactyla/ Hexaprotodon liberiensis Hippopotamus, Pygmy 2/Extreme Synonym Choeropsis Hippopotamidae Artiodactyla/ Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus, Common 2/Extreme Hippopotamidae Artiodactyla/ Hippotragus niger Antelope, Sable 2/Serious Bovidae Carnivora/ Hyaena hyaena Hyaena, Striped 2/Extreme, B Hyaenidae Rodentia/ Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris Capybara 2/Extreme Hydrochaeridae Primates/ Hylobates agilis Gibbon, Agile; Dark- 2/Serious Hylobatidae handed Gibbon Primates/ Hylobates concolor Gibbon, Black; Crested 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; Indochinese Gibbon Primates/ Hylobates hoolock Gibbon, Hoolock 2/Serious Hylobatidae Primates/ Hylobates klossii Gibbon, Dwarf; Kloss's 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; Mentawai Gibbon Primates/ Hylobates lar Gibbon, Common; Lar 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; White-handed Gibbon Primates/ Hylobates leucogenys Gibbon, White-cheeked 2/Serious, A Hylobatidae Primates/ Hylobates moloch Gibbon, Javan; Silvery 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon Primates/ Hylobates muelleri Gibbon, Borean; Grey 2/Serious Hylobatidae Gibbon; Müller's Gibbon Primates/ Hylobates syndactylus Siamang 2/Serious Hylobatidae Rodentia/ Hystrix cristata Porcupine, African 2/Extreme Hystricidae Rodentia/ Hystrix indica Porcupine, Indian Crested 2/Extreme Hystricidae Artiodactyla/ Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Kobus leche Lechwe, Kafue 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Lama glama Llama 4/Moderate Camelidae Artiodactyla/ Lama guanicoe Guanaco 3a/Extreme Camelidae Artiodactyla/ Lama pacos Alpaca 4/Moderate Camelidae Primates/ Lemur catta Lemur, Ring-tailed 2/Serious Lemuridae Primates/ Leontopithecus rosalia Tamarin, Golden Lion 2/Serious Callitrichidae Primates/ Leontopithicus Tamarin, Black Lion; 2/Serious Callitrichidae chrysopygus Golden-rumped Lion Tamarin Carnivora/ Leopardus pardalis Ocelot 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Felidae Carnivora/ Leptailurus serval Serval 2/Serious Synonym Felis Felidae Lagomorpha/ Lepus europaeus Hare, European 5/Extreme Formerley Lepus Leporidae capensis Carnivora/ Lontra canadensis Otter, North American; 2/Serious, B Synonym Lutra Mustelidae North American River Otter; Northern River Otter Primates/ Loris tardigradus Loris, Slender 2/Serious

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 10

Loridae Proboscidea/ Loxodonta africana Elephant, African; African 2/Serious Synonym Loxodonta Elephantidae Savannah Elephant cyclotis Carnivora/ Lutrogale perspicillata Otter, Indian Smooth- 2/Serious Synonym Lutra Mustelidae coated; Smooth-coated Otter Carnivora/ Lycaon pictus Dog, African Hunting; 2/Extreme Canidae African Wild Dog; Wild Dog Carnivora/ Lynx lynx Lynx, Eurasian 2/Serious Synonym Felis Felidae Carnivora/ Lynx rufus Lynx, Bay; Bobcat 2/Serious Synonym Felis Felidae Primates/ Macaca arctoides Macaque, Bear; Stumptail 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Macaque; Stump-tailed Macaque Primates/ Macaca fascicularis Macaque, Crab-eating; 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Cynomolgus Monkey; Long-tailed Macaque Primates/ Macaca fuscata Macaque, Japanese 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Primates/ Macaca maura Macaque, Celebes; Moor 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Macaque Primates/ Macaca mulatta Macaque, Rhesus; Rhesus 3a/Extreme Cercopithecidae Monkey Primates/ Macaca nemestrina Macaque, Pigtail; Pig- 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae tailed Macaque Primates/ Macaca nigra Macaque, Celebes Black; 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Celebes Crested Macaque; Gorontalo Macaque; Sulawesi Macaque Primates/ Macaca radiata Macaque, Bonnet 3a/Extreme Cercopithecidae Primates/ Macaca silenus Macaque, Lion-tailed; 3a/Serious Cercopithecidae Wanderoo Primates/ Macaca tonkeana Macaque, Tonkean Not Cercopithecidae listed/Extreme Primates/ Mandrillus sphinx Mandrill 2/Serious Cercopithecidae Carnivora/ Meles meles Badger; Eurasian Badger 2/Serious Mustelidae Carnivora/ Mephitis mephitis Skunk, Striped 2/Extreme Mustelidae Rodentia/ Mesocricetus auratus Hamster, Golden Not Muridae listed/Extreme Peramelemorphi Microperoryctes Bandicoot, Striped Not Listed by EA as a/ Peroryctidae longicauda listed/Extreme Peroryctes Primates/ Miopithecus talapoin Talapoin, Southern; 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Talapoin Didelphimorphia Monodelphis domestica Opossum, Grey Short- 1a/Extreme, C / Didelphidae tailed; South American Short-tailed Opossum Artiodactyla/ Muntiacus muntjak Muntjak, Indian 2/Serious, B Cervidae Dasyuromorphia Murexia longicaudata Mouse, Short-haired Not / Dasyuridae Marsupial listed/Extreme Rodentia/ Mus musculus Mouse, House 5/Extreme Muridae Carnivora/ Mustela putorius Ferret 4/Extreme Synonym Putorius Mustelidae Dasyuromorphia Myoictis melas Dasyure, Three-striped Not / Dasyuridae listed/Extreme Xenarthra/ Myrmecophaga tridactyla Anteater, Giant 3a/Serious, B Myrmecophagid ae Carnivora/ Nasua nasua Coati, South American; 2/Extreme Procyonidae Southern Coati Carnivora/ Neofelis nebulosa Leopard, Clouded 2/Serious, A Synonym Pardofelis. Felidae

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 11

Dasyuromorphia Neophascogale lorentzi Dasyure, Speckled Not / Dasyuridae listed/Extreme Carnivora/ Nyctereutes procyonoides Dog, Racoon; Racoon-dog 2/Extreme Canidae Primates/ Nycticebus coucang Loris, Slow 2/Serious Loridae Primates/ Nycticebus pygmaeus Loris, Lesser Slow; Pygmy 2/Serious Loridae Loris Artiodactyla/ Odocoileus virginianus Deer, White-tailed 3b/Extreme Cervidae Carnivora/ Oncifelis geoffroyi Cat, Geoffroy's 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Felidae Tubulidentata/ Orycteropus afer Aardvark 2/Serious, B Orycteropodida e Lagomorpha/ Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European 5/Extreme Leporidae Artiodactyla/ Oryx dammah Oryx, Scimitar 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Oryx gazella Gemsbok Not Bovidae listed/Extreme Carnivora/ Otocolobus manul Cat, Pallas's 2/Serious Synonym Felis Felidae Primates/ Otolemur crassicaudatus Bushbaby, Greater; Large- 2/Serious Synonym is Galago Galagonidae Eared Greater Galago; Thick-tailed Bushbaby Artiodactyla/ Ovis aries Sheep, Domestic 4/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee 2/Serious Hominidae Carnivora/ Panthera leo Lion 3a/Serious Felidae Carnivora/ Panthera onca Jaguar 3a/Extreme Felidae Carnivora/ Panthera pardus Leopard 3a/Extreme Felidae Carnivora/ Panthera tigris Tiger 3a/Extreme Felidae Primates/ Papio hamadryas Baboon, Chacma; Guinea 2/Serious Includes anubis Olive Cercopithecidae Baboon; Hamadryas Baboon, cynocephalus Baboon; Olive Baboon; Yellow Baboon, papio Yellow Baboon Guinea Baboon, ursinus Chacma Baboon Artiodactyla/ Pecari tajacu Pecari, Collared 2/Extreme Tayassuidae Rodentia/ Pedetes capensis Hare, Spring 2/Extreme, B Pedetidae Diprotodontia/ Petaurus breviceps Glider, Sugar 2/Serious Petauridae papuanus Dasyuromorphia Phascolosorex doriae Shrew, Red-bellied Not / Dasyuridae Marsupial listed/Extreme Dasyuromorphia Phascolosorex dorsalis Shrew, Narrow-striped Not / Dasyuridae Marsupial listed/Extreme Carnivora/ Phoca vitulina Seal, Common; Harbour 3a/Serious Phocidae Seal Carnivora/Phoci Phoca vitulina Pacific Harbour Seal Not dae listed/Extreme Primates/ Pongo pygmaeus Orang-hutan; Orang-utan 2/Serious Hominidae Carnivora/ Potos flavus Kinkajou 2/Serious Procyonidae Primates/ Presbytis femoralis Leaf-monkey, Banded Not Cercopithecidae listed/Extreme Carnivora/ Prionailurus bengalensis Cat, Bengal Leopard; 2/Serious Synonym Felis Felidae Leopard Cat Carnivora/ Prionailurus viverrinus Cat, Fishing 2/Serious, A Synonym Felis Felidae Hyracoidea/ Procavia capensis Hyrax, Rock 1a/Extreme Procaviidae

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 12

Carnivora/ Procyon lotor Raccoon, Common; 2/Extreme, B Procyonidae Northern Raccoon Carnivora/ Puma concolor Cougar; Deer Tiger; 2/Extreme Synonym Felis Felidae Mountain Lion; Puma; Red Tiger Rodentia/ Rattus norvegicus Rat, Brown 5/Extreme Muridae Rodentia/ Rattus rattus Rat, Black 5/Extreme Muridae Perissodactyla/ Rhinoceros unicornis Rhinoceros, Indian 2/Serious Rhinocerotidae Artiodactyla/ Rupicapra rupicapra Chamois 2/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Saguinus imperator Tamarin, Emperor 2/Serious Callitrichidae Primates/ Saguinus midas Tamarin, Negro; Red- 2/Serious Callitrichidae handed Tamarin Primates/ Saguinus oedipus Tamarin, Cotton-headed; 2/Serious Callitrichidae Cotton-top Tamarin; Rufous-naped Tamarin Primates/ Saimiri boliviensis Monkey, Black-headed 2/Serious, A Cebidae Squirrel Primates/ Saimiri sciureus Monkey, Common Squirrel 2/Serious Cebidae Primates/ Semnopithecus entellus Langur, Common; Entellus 2/Serious Synonym is Presbytes Cercopithecidae Langur; Grey Langur; Hanuman Langur; True Langur Diprotodontia/ Strigocuscus gymnotis Cuscus, Ground 2/Serious Synonym is Phalanger Phalangeridae Carnivora/ Suricata suricatta Meerkat 2/Serious Herpestidae Artiodactyla/ Sus ‘domesticus’ Pig, Domestic 4/Extreme S. domesticus and S. Suidae scrofa listed separately on VPC list. Artiodactyla/ Sus scrofa Boar, Wild 4/Extreme S. domesticus and S. Suidae scrofa listed separately on VPC list. Artiodactyla/ Syncerus caffer Buffalo, Congo 2/Serious Bovidae Rodentia/ Tamias species chipmunks 2/Extreme, A Tamias includes Sciuridae Eutamias Perissodactyla/ Tapirus indicus Tapir, Malayan 2/Serious Tapiridae Perissodactyla/ Tapirus terrestris Tapir, Brazilian 2/Serious Tapiridae Artiodactyla/ Taurotragus oryx Eland, Common 2/Serious Bovidae Primates/ Theropithecus gelada Baboon, Gelada 2/Serious, B Cercopithecidae Primates/ Trachypithecus cristatus Langur, Silvered; Silvered 2/Serious Synonym is Presbytes Cercopithecidae Leaf Monkey Primates/ Trachypithecus auratus Langur, Ebony Not Cercopithecidae listed/Extreme Primates/ Trachypithecus francoisi Langur, François's; 2/Serious Cercopithecidae François's Leaf Monkey; Tonkin Leaf Monkey Primates/ Trachypithecus obscurus Monkey, Dusky Leaf; 2/Serious Cercopithecidae Spectacled Langur; Spectacled Leaf Monkey Primates/ Trachypithecus vetulus Monkey, Purple-faced Leaf 2/Serious Cercopithecidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus angasii Nyala, Lowland 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus eurycerus Bongo 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus spekii Sitatunga 2/Serious Bovidae Artiodactyla/ Tragelaphus strepsiceros Kudu, Greater 2/Serious Bovidae

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 13

Artiodactyla/ Tragulus javanicus Chevrotain, Lesser Malay 2/Serious Tragulidae Scandentia/ Tupaia belangeri Treeshrew, Northern Not Tupaiidae listed/Extreme Scandentia/ Tupaia glis Treeshrew, Malaysian 2/Serious Tupaiidae Carnivora/ Uncia uncia Leopard, Snow; Ounce 2/Serious, A Synonym Panthera Felidae Carnivora/ Ursus americanus Bear, American Black 3a/Serious Ursidae Carnivora/ Ursus arctos Bear, Brown; Grizzly Bear 3a/Serious Ursidae Carnivora/ Ursus maritimus Bear, Polar 2/Serious Synonym Thalarctos Ursidae maritimus Carnivora/ Ursus thibetanus Bear, Asiatic Black; 3a/Serious Synonym Selenarctos Ursidae Himalayan Black Bear thibetanus Primates/ Varecia variegata Lemur, Ruffed 2/Serious Lemuridae Carnivora/ Vulpes vulpes Fox, Red 5/Extreme Canidae Carnivora/ Vulpes zerda Fox, Fennec 2/Serious Synonym is Fennecus Canidae Monotremata/ Zaglossus bruijni Echidna, Long-beaked; 2/Serious, A Tachyglossidae Long-nosed Echidna; Long-nosed Spiny Anteater; New Guinea Long-nosed Echidna Carnivora/ Zalophus californianus Sealion, Californian 3a/Serious Otariidae Carnivora/Otarii Zalophus californianus California Sealion Not dae listed/Extreme

AVES Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category Comments (Possible New and Related Issues) Passeriformes, Acridotheres tristis Myna, Common; Indian 5/Extreme STURNIDAE Myna(h) Psittaciformes, Agapornis fischeri Lovebird, Fischer's 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Agapornis lilianae Lovebird, Nyasa 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Agapornis nigrigenis Lovebird, Black-cheeked 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Agapornis personatus Lovebird, Masked; Yellow- 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE collared Lovebird; Black- masked Lovebird Psittaciformes, Agapornis roseicollis Lovebird, Peach-faced; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Rosy-faced Lovebird Anseriformes, Aix galericulata Duck, Mandarin 4/Serious Anatidae Anseriformes, Aix sponsa Duck, Wood 4/Serious Anatidae Passeriformes, Alauda arvensis Skylark; Eurasian Skylark 4/Extreme ALAUDIDAE Galliformes, Alectoris chukar Partridge, Chukar 4/Serious PHASIANIDAE Psittaciformes, Alisterus amboinensis Parrot, Aboina; Moluccan Not PSITTACIDAE King Parrot listed/Extreme Anseriformes, Alopochen aegyptiacus Goose, Egyptian 4/Serious

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 14

Anatidae Passeriformes, Amadina erythrocephala Sparrow, Paradise; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Aberdeen Finch; Red- headed Amadina Passeriformes, Amadina fasciata Weaver, Cut-throat; Cut- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE throat Finch; Ribbon Finch Passeriformes, Amandava amandava Munia, Red; Red 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Strawberry Finch; Red or Indian Avadavat; Tiger Finch; Red Waxbill Passeriformes, Amandava formosa Munia, Green; Green 4/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE Strawberry Finch, Green Avadavat Passeriformes, Amandava subflava Waxbill, Zebra; Golden- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE breasted Waxbill; Orange- breasted Waxbill Psittaciformes, Amazona aestiva Amazon, Blue-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Blue-fronted Parrot Psittaciformes, Amazona albifrons Amazon, White-fronted; Not PSITTACIDAE White-fronted Parrot listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Amazona amazonica Amazon, Orange-winged; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Orange-winged Parrot Psittaciformes, Amazona auropalliata Amazon, Yellow-naped; Not Difficult taxonomy, may PSITTACIDAE Yellow-naped Parrot listed/Extreme be A. ochrocephala auropalliata Psittaciformes, Amazona autumnalis Amazon, Red-lored Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Amazona finschi Amazona, Lilac-crowned; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Lilac-crowned Parrot Psittaciformes, Amazona leucocephala Amazon, Cuban; Cuban Not PSITTACIDAE Parrot listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Amazona ochrocephala Amazon, Yellow-crowned; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Yellow-crowned Parrot Psittaciformes, Amazona oratrix Amazon, Yellow-headed; Not Difficult taxonomy, may PSITTACIDAE Yellow-headed Parrot listed/Extreme be A. ochrocephala oratrix Psittaciformes, Amazona pretrei Parrot, Red-spectacled Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Amazona viridigenalis Amazon, Green-cheeked; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Green-cheeked parrot; Red-crowned Amazon; Red-crowned Parrot Psittaciformes, Amazona xanthops Parrot, Yellow-faced Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Anseriformes, Anas platyrhynchos Mallard and all strains of 4/Extreme Anatidae domestic duck Psittaciformes, Anodorhynchus Macaw, Hyacinth 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE hyacinthinus Anseriformes, Anser anser Goose, Greylag and all 4/Serious Anatidae domestic strains of geese Anseriformes, Anser cygnoides Goose, Swan 4/Low Anatidae APTERYGIFOR Apteryx australis Kiwi, Brown Not listed/Low MES,

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 15

Apterygidae Psittaciformes, Ara ambigua Macaw, Buffon's; Great Not PSITTACIDAE Green Macaw listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara ararauna Macaw, Blue and Yellow; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Blue and Gold Macaw Psittaciformes, Ara auricollis Macaw, Yellow-collared Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara chloropterus Macaw, Green-winged; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Red and Green Macaw Psittaciformes, Ara macao Macaw, Scarlet 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Ara manilata Macaw, Red-bellied Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara maracana Macaw, Illiger;s; Blue- Not PSITTACIDAE winged Macaw listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara militaris Macaw; Military Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara nobilis Macaw; Red-shouldered Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara rubrogenys Macaw, Red-fronted Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Ara severa Macaw, Chestnut-fronted Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Aratinga acuticaudata Conure, Blue-crowned; Not PSITTACIDAE Blue-crowned Parakeet listed//Extreme Psittaciformes, Aratinga aurea Conure, Peach-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Golden-crowned Conure Psittaciformes, Aratinga auricapilla Conure, Golden-capped; Not PSITTACIDAE Golden-capped Parakeet listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Aratinga guarouba Conure, Golden; Golden 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parakeet Psittaciformes, Aratinga jandaya Conure, Janday; Janday 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Parakeet Psittaciformes, Aratinga solstitialis Conure, Sun; Sun 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Parakeet Psittaciformes, Aratinga weddellii Conure, Dusky-headed; Not PSITTACIDAE Dusky-headed Parakeet listed/Extreme Anseriformes, Aythya novaeseelandiae Scaup, New Zealand 4/Serious Anatidae Psittaciformes, Bolborhynchus lineola Parakeet, Barred Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Anseriformes, Branta canadensis Goose, Canada 4/Extreme Anatidae Psittaciformes, Cacatua alba Cockatoo, White Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Cacatua goffini Cockatoo, Tanimbar Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Cacatua moluccensis Cockatoo, Salmon-crested 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Cactua sulphurea Cockatoo, Yellow-crested Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Anseriformes, Cairina moschata Duck, Muscovy 4/ Serious Anatidae Columbiformes, Caloenas nicobarica Pigeon, Nicobar 4/Moderate

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 16

Columbidae Passeriformes, Carduelis atriceps Siskin, Black-capped Not Listed by qld, ea FRINGILLIDAE listed/Extreme checking. Passeriformes, Carduelis cannabina Linnet, Eurasian Not FRINGILLIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch; Eurasian 5/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE Goldfinch Passeriformes, Carduelis chloris Greenfinch; European 5/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE Greenfinch Passeriformes, Carduelis cucullata Siskin, Red; Venezuelan 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Siskin; Black-hooded Red Siskin Passeriformes, Carduelis flammea Redpoll; Common Redpoll 3b/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE Passeriformes, Carduelis magellanica Siskin, Hooded; Yellow Not FRINGILLIDAE Siskin; Black-hooded listed/Moderate Yellow Siskin Passeriformes, Carduelis notata Siskin, Black-headed Not FRINGILLIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Carduelis sinica Greenfinch, Oriental 4/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Passeriformes, Carduelis spinoides Greenfinch, Yellow- Not FRINGILLIDAE breasted; Black-headed listed/Moderate Greenfinch Passeriformes, Carduelis spinus Siskin, European; Spruce 4/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Siskin Passeriformes, Carduelis uropygialis Siskin, Yellow-rumped Not FRINGILLIDAE listed/Moderate Passeriformes, Carpodacus mexicanus Finch, House Not FRINGILLIDAE listed/Extreme Passeriformes, Carpodacus purpureus Finch, Purple 4/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta atra Lory, Black Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta cardinalis Lory, Cardinal Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta duivenbodei Lory, Brown Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Chalcopsitta sintillata Lory, Yellow-streaked Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Charmosyna papou Lorikeet, Papuan Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Galliformes, Chrysolophus amherstiae Pheasant, Lady Amherst's 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Chrysolophus pictus Pheasant, Golden 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Colinus virginianus Bobwhite, Northern 4/Serious PHASIANIDAE Columbiformes, Columba livia Pigeon, Rock; Common 4/Extreme Columbidae Pigeon; Fancy Pigeon Columbiformes, Columbina talpacoti Dove, Ruddy Ground; 4/Extreme Columbidae Talpacoti Passeriformes, Copsychus malabaricus Shama, White-rumped 4/Serious MUSCICAPIDA

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 17

E Passeriformes, Copsychus saularis Mapgie-Robin; Magpie- Not MUSCICAPIDA Robin, Oriental listed/Extreme E Passeriformes, Coryphospingus cucullatus Finch, Red-crested Not EMBERIZIDAE listed/Extreme Galliformes, Coturnix coturnix Quail, Common 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Coturnix japonica Quail, Japanese Not PHASIANIDAE listed/Serious Psittaciformes, Cyanoliseus patagonus Parakeet, Burrowing Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Cyanoramphus auriceps Parakeet, Yellow-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Yellow-fronted Kakariki Psittaciformes, Cyanoramphus Parakeet, Red-fronted; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE novaezelandiae Red-fronted Kakariki Psittaciformes, Cyanoramphus unicolor Parakeet, Antipodes Not PSITTACIDAE Green listed/Extreme Anseriformes, Cygnus olor Swan, Mute 4/Extreme Anatidae Psittaciformes, Deroptyus accipitrinus Parrot, Hawk-headed; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Red-fan Parrot, Passeriformes, Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer 3b/Extreme EMBERIZIDAE Psittaciformes, Eos bornea Lory, Red 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Eos cyanogenia Lory, Black-winged Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Eos histrio Lory, Red and Blue Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Eos reticulata Lory, Blue-streaked Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Eos semilarvata Lory, Blue-eared Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Eos squamata Lory, Violet-necked Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Passeriformes, Erythrura cyaneovirens Parrot Finch, Red-headed 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Erythrura hyperythra Parrot Finch, Bamboo; Unlisted/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Tawny-breasted Parrot Finch Passeriformes, Erythrura pealii Parrot Finch, Fiji Not ESTRILDIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Erythrura prasina Parrot Finch, Pin-tailed 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Erythrura psittacea Parrot Finch, Red- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE throated; Red-faced Parrot Finch Passeriformes, Erythrura tricolor Parrot Finch, Tri-coloured; Not ESTRILDIDAE Three-coloured Parrot listed/Serious Finch; Tanimbar Parrot Finch Passeriformes, Estrilda astrild Waxbill, Common; St 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Helena Waxbill

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 18

Passeriformes, Estrilda melpoda Waxbill, Orange-cheeked 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Estrilda troglodytes Waxbill, Black-rumped; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Red-eared Waxbill Passeriformes, Euplectes afer Bishop, Golden; Napoleon 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE Weaver Passeriformes, Euplectes axillaris Whydah, Fan-tailed; 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE Widow Bird; Red- shouldered Whydah Passeriformes, Euplectes orix Weaver, Grenadier; Red 3b/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Bishop; Orange Bishop Weaver; Northern Red Bishop Weaver Passeriformes, Euschistospiza dybowskii Twin-spot, Dybowski’s Not ESTRILDIDAE listed/Serious Psittaciformes, Forpus coelestis Parrotlet, Pacific Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Foudia eminentissima Fody, Mascarene; Red- 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE headed Fody; Comoro Fody Passeriformes, Foudia madagascariensis Fody, Madagascan Red; 4/Serious PLOCEIDAE Madagascar Weaver Galliformes, Francolinus francolinus Francolin, Black Not PHASIANIDAE listed/Extreme Passeriformes, Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch 3b/Extreme FRINGILLIDAE Columbiformes, Gallicolumba jobiensis Pigeon, White-breasted 4/ Moderate Columbidae Ground; White-bibbed Ground-dove Columbiformes, Gallicolumba luzonica Pigeon, Luzon Bleeding 4/ Moderate Columbidae Heart Galliformes, Gallus gallus Junglefowl, Red and all 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE strains of domestic chicken Galliformes, Gallus varius Junglefowl, Green Not Feral population on PHASIANIDAE listed/Serious Cocos Island, off WA coast. Columbiformes, Goura victoria Pigeon, Victoria Crowned 4/ Moderate Columbidae Columbiformes, Hemiphaga Pigeon, New Zealand Not Columbidae novaeseelandiae listed/Moderate Passeriformes, Hypargos niveoguttatus Twin-spot, Peters’ 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Lagonosticta rubricata Fire Finch, African 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Lagonosticta senegala Fire Finch, Red-billed 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Leiothrix argentauris Mesia, Silver-eared Not MUSCICAPIDA listed/Serious E Passeriformes, Leiothrix lutea Robin, Pekin; Red-billed 4/Serious MUSCICAPIDA Leiothrix E Passeriformes, Lonchura bicolor Mannikin, Black and 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE White; Rufous-backed

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 19

Munia; Blue-billed Mannikin; Red-backed Mannikin Passeriformes, Lonchura cantans Silverbill, African 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Lonchura grisericapilla Silverbill, Grey-headed Not ESTRILDIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Lonchura leucogastroides Mannikin, Javanese; Not ESTRILDIDAE Javan Munia listed/Moderate Passeriformes, Lonchura maja Munia, White-headed 4/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Lonchura malabarica Silverbill, Indian; White- 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE throated Munia; Common Silverbill Passeriformes, Lonchura malacca Mannikin, Chestnut; Tri- 4/Extreme Three subspecies listed ESTRILDIDAE coloured Mannikin; Black- by NEBRS headed Munia; Black- (L.m.malacca, headed Nun L.m.ferruginosa, L.m.atricapilla) Passeriformes, Lonchura punctulata Mannikin, Nutmeg; Spice 3b/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Finch; Spotted Munia; Scaly-breasted Munia Passeriformes, Lonchura striata Munia, White-rumped; 4/Serious (incl. domestica) ESTRILDIDAE Bengalese Mannikin Galliformes, Lophophorus impejanus Pheasant, Himalayan 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Monal Galliformes, Lophortyx californica Quail, California 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Lophura diardi Pheasant, Siamese 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Fireback Galliformes, Lophura edwardsi Pheasant, Edwards 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Lophura leucomelanos Pheasant, Kalij 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Lophura nycthemera Pheasant, Silver 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Lophura swinhoii Pheasant, Swinhoe's 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Psittaciformes, Loriculus galgulus Parrot, Blue-crowned 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Hanging Psittaciformes, Lorius chlorocercus Lory, Yellow-bibbed Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Lorius domicella Lory, Purple-naped; Not PSITTACIDAE Purple-capped Lory listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Lorius garrulus Lory, Chattering 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Lorius lory Lory, Black-capped 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Passeriformes, Mandingoa nitidula Twin-spot, Green-backed Not ESTRILDIDAE listed/Serious Galliformes, Meleagris gallopavo Turkey, Common; Wild 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Turkey Galliformes, Mitu tuberosa Curassow, Razor-billed Not CRACIDAE listed/Moderate

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 20

Psittaciformes, Myiopsitta monachus Parakeet, Monk; Quaker 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Parrot Psittaciformes, Nandayus nenday Conure, Nanday; Nanday 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parakeet Psittaciformes, Neopsittacus Lorikeet, Not PSITTACIDAE musschenbroekii Musschenbroek's; Yellow- listed/Extreme billed Lorikeet Psittaciformes, Nestor notabilis Kea 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Galliformes, Numida meleagris Guineafowl, Helmeted 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Columbiformes, Oena capensis Dove, Namaqua; Long- 4/Extreme Columbidae tailed Dove; Masked Dove Passeriformes, Padda oryzivora Sparrow, Java; Paddy 4/Extreme ESTRILDIDAE Finch Passeriformes, Paroaria coronata Cardinal, Red-crested 4/Serious EMBERIZIDAE Passeriformes, Passer domesticus Sparrow, House 4/5/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Passeriformes, Passer flaveolus Sparrow, Plain-backed; Not PLOCEIDAE Pegu House Sparrow listed/Extreme Passeriformes, Passer luteus Sparrow, Sudan Golden 4/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Passeriformes, Passer montanus Sparrow, Eurasian Tree 5/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Galliformes, Pavo cristatus Peafowl, Common; Indian 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Peafowl Galliformes, Pavo muticus Peafowl, Green 4/Serious PHASIANIDAE Galliformes, Phasianus colchicus Pheasant, Common 4/Extreme PHASIANIDAE Psittaciformes, Phigys solitarius Lory, Collared Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopterus chilensis Flamingo, Chilean 4/Low Phoenicopterida e Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopterus ruber Flamingo, Greater 4/Low Phoenicopterida e Psittaciformes, Pionites leucogaster Caique, White-bellied; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE White-bellied Parrot Psittaciformes, Pionites melanocephala Caique, Black-headed; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Black-headed Parrot Psittaciformes, Pionus chalcopterus Parrot, Bronze-winged Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Pionus senilis Parrot, White-crowned Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Poicephalus gulielmi Parrot, Red-fronted Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Poicephalus meyeri Parrot, Brown; Meyer's 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parrot Psittaciformes, Poicephalus robustus Parrot, Brown-necked Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Poicephalus rufiventris Parrot, Red-bellied Not

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 21

PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Poicephalus senegalus Parrot, Senegal 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Prosopeia personata Shining-Parrot, Masked Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Prosopeia tabuensis Shining Parrot, Red Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Pseudeos fuscata Lory, Dusky Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Passeriformes, Psilorhinus morio Jay, Brown Not CORVIDAE listed/Serious Psittaciformes, Psittacula alexandri Parakeet, Moustached; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Red-breasted Parakeet Psittaciformes, Psittacula columboides Parakeet, Malabar 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Psittacula cyanocephala Parakeet, Plum-headed 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Psittacula derbiana Parakeet, Derbyan 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Psittacula eupatria Parakeet, Alexandrine 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Psittacula himalayana Parakeet, Slaty-headed 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Psittaciformes, Psittacula krameri Parakeet, Rose-ringed; 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Indian or African Ringneck Parrot or Parakeet Psittaciformes, Psittacula roseata Parakeet, Blossom- 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE headed Psittaciformes, Psittacus erithacus Parrot, Western Grey; 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE African Grey Parrot Psittaciformes, Psitteuteles goldiei Lorikeet, Goldie's 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Passeriformes, Pycnonotus jocosus Bulbul, Red-whiskered 5/Extreme PYCNONOTIDA E Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura cruentata Conure, Blue-throated Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura egregia Conure, Fiery-shouldered; Not PSITTACIDAE Fiery-shouldered Parakeet listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura frontalis Conure, Maroon-bellied Not PSITTACIDAE listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura leucotis Conure, White-eared, 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE White-eared Parakeet Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura melanura Conure, Maroon-tailed, 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Maroon-tailed Parakeet Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura molinae Conure, Green-cheeked; Not PSITTACIDAE Green-cheeked Parakeet listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura perlata Conure, Pearly; Pearly 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Parakeet Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura picta Conure, Painted; Painted 4/Serious PSITTACIDAE Parakeet Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura rhodogaster Conure, Crimson-bellied; 4/Moderate PSITTACIDAE Crimson-bellied Parakeet Psittaciformes, Pyrrhura rupicola Conure, Black-capped; Not

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 22

PSITTACIDAE Black-capped Parakeet listed/Extreme Passeriformes, Pytilia hypogrammica Pytilia, Red-faced; Yellow- Not ESTRILDIDAE winged Pytilia listed/Serious Passeriformes, Pytilia melba Pytilia, Green-winged; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Melba Finch Passeriformes, Pytilia phoenicoptera Pytilia, Crimson-winged; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Aurora Finch Rheiformes, Rhea americana Rhea, Greater 4/Moderate Rheidae Psittaciformes, Rhynchopsitta Parrot, Thick-billed 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE pachyrhyncha Passeriformes, Serinus atrogularis Seedeater, Yellow- Not FRINGILLIDAE rumped; Angolan Singing listed/Serious Finch Passeriformes, Serinus canaria Canary, Common; Island 4/Moderate FRINGILLIDAE Canary Passeriformes, Serinus dorsostriatus Canary, White-bellied Not FRINGILLIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Serinus flaviventris Canary, Yellow 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Passeriformes, Serinus leucopygius Seedeater, White-rumped; 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Grey Singing Finch Passeriformes, Serinus mozambicus Canary, Yellow-fronted; 4/Serious FRINGILLIDAE Green Singing Finch Passeriformes, Serinus serinus Serin, European Not FRINGILLIDAE listed/Serious Passeriformes, Serinus xanthopygius Seedeater, Abyssinian Not FRINGILLIDAE Yellow-rumped listed/Moderate Passeriformes, Sicalis flaveola Finch, Saffron 4/Extreme EMBERIZIDAE Columbiformes, Streptopelia chinensis Turtle-dove, Spotted; 4/Extreme Columbidae Spotted Dove Columbiformes, Streptopelia decaocto Dove, Collared; Collared 4/Extreme Columbidae Turtle-dove Columbiformes, Streptopelia roseogrisa Turtle-dove, Ringed 4/Serious Columbidae Columbiformes, Streptopelia senegalensis Turtle-dove, Laughing 4/Extreme Columbidae Columbiformes, Streptopelia tranquebarica Collared-dove, Red 4/Serious Columbidae Struthioniformes, Struthio camelus Ostrich 4/Extreme Struthionidae Passeriformes, Sturnus vulgaris Starling, Common 5/Extreme STURNIDAE Galliformes, Syrmaticus reevesii Pheasant, Reeves' 4/Moderate PHASIANIDAE Anseriformes, Tadorna ferruginea Shelduck, Ruddy 4/ Serious Anatidae Anseriformes, Tadorna variegata Shelduck, Paradise 4/ Serious Anatidae Passeriformes, Tiaris canora Grassquit, Cuban; Cuban 4/Moderate EMBERIZIDAE Finch Psittaciformes, Trichoglossus euteles Lorikeet, Perfect; Olive- Not PSITTACIDAE headed Lorikeet listed/Extreme

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 23

Psittaciformes, Trichoglossus johnstoniae Lorikeet, Johnstone's; Not PSITTACIDAE Mindanao Lorikeet listed/Extreme Psittaciformes, Trichoglossus ornatus Lorikeet, Ornate 4/Extreme PSITTACIDAE Passeriformes, Turdus merula Blackbird, Common; 5/Extreme MUSCICAPIDA Eurasian Blackbird E Passeriformes, Turdus philomelos Thrush, Song 5/Extreme MUSCICAPIDA E Passeriformes, Uraeginthus angolensis Cordon-bleu; Blue- 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE breasted Cordon-bleu; Blue-breasted Waxbill Passeriformes, Uraeginthus bengalus Cordon-bleu, Red-cheeked 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Passeriformes, Uraeginthus Cordon-bleu, Blue-capped; 4/Moderate ESTRILDIDAE cyanocephalus Blue-headed Cordon-bleu Passeriformes, Uraeginthus granatina Waxbill, Violet-eared; 4/Serious ESTRILDIDAE Common Grenadier Passeriformes, Uraeginthus ianthinogaster Grenadier, Purple; Purple Not ESTRILDIDAE Grenadier Waxbill listed/Moderate Passeriformes, Vidua macroura Whydah, Pin-tailed 4/Extreme PLOCEIDAE Passeriformes, Vidua paradisaea Whydah, Paradise; Not PLOCEIDAE Eastern Paradise Whydah listed/Serious Passeriformes, Volatinia jacarina Grassquit, Blue-black; 4/Moderate EMBERIZIDAE Jacarini Finch Falconiformes, Vultur gryphus Condor, Andean 4/Moderate Cathartidae

REPTILIA Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category Comments (Current/Possib le New and Related Issues) Serpentes/ Acrochordus javanicus Snake, Javan File 2/Serious Acrochordidae Serpentes/ Agkistrodon bilineatus Cantil; Mexican 2/Serious Viperidae Copperhead ; Mexican Moccasin Serpentes/ Agkistrodon piscivorus Moccasin, Water 2/Serious Viperidae Testudines/ Aldabrachelys elephantina Tortoise, Aldabra; Aldabra 2/Serious Synonym Geochelone Testudinidae Giant Tortoise gigantea Crocodylia/ Alligator mississippiensis Alligator, American 2/Serious Alligatoridae Testudines/ Apalone ferox Turtle, Florida Softshell 2/Serious, A Trionychidae Serpentes/ Apodora papuana Python, Papuan Not Synonyms are Liasis Pythoninae listed/Extreme maximus , Liasis papuanus , Morelia papuana Sauria/ Basiliscus plumifrons Basilisk, Green; Double- 2/Serious Iguanidae crested Basilisk Serpentes/ Bitis arietans Adder, Puff Not Assessed by VPC Viperidae listed/Extreme 2002 using Bomford mkII, EA have permitted species to be held in SA under SA permit. Serpentes/ Bitis gabonica Viper, Gabon 2/Serious

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 24

Viperidae Serpentes/ Bitis nasicornis Viper, Rhinoceros 2/Serious Viperidae Serpentes/ Boa constrictor Constrictor, Boa; 2/Serious Synonym Constrictor Boidae Ampalagua; Giboya; constrictor Masacuate Serpentes/ Boiga dendrophila Snake, Mangrove Cat; 2/Serious Colubridae Mangrove Snake Serpentes/ Bothriechis schlegelii Viper, Eyelash Palm Pit; 2/Serious, A Viperidae Eyelash Palm Viper; Eyelash Viper; Horned Palm Viper; Speckled Palm Pit Viper Serpentes/ Bothrochilus boa Python, Barred; Bismarck 2/Serious Synonym Liasis boa , Pythoninae Ringed Python; Ringed Morelia boa Python Serpentes/ Bothrops alternatus Urutu 2/Serious, B Viperidae Sauria/ Brachylophus fasciatus Iguana, Fiji Banded; South 2/Serious Iguanidae Pacific Banded Iguana Sauria/ Brachylophus vitiensis Iguana, Fiji Crested 2/Serious, A Iguanidae Crocodylia/ Caiman crocodilus Caiman, Brown; Common 2/Serious Alligatoridae Caiman; Spectacled Caiman Serpentes/ Candoia aspera Boa, New Guinea Viper; 3a/Serious, A Boidae Papuan Ground Boa Serpentes/ Candoia bibroni Boa, Bibrons 3a/Serious, A Boidae Serpentes/ Candoia carinata Boa, Solomon Ground; 3a/Serious, A Boidae Tree Boa Squamata/ Chamaeleo jacksonii Chameleon, Jackson's 2/No new Chamaeleonida Three-horned category e allocated, A Testudines/ Chelus fimbriata Turtle, Matamata 2/Serious Chelidae Testudines/ Chelydra serpentina Turtle, Common Snapping; 3a/Serious Chelydridae Common Snapper Testudines/ Chersina angulata Tortoise, Angulated; 2/Serious Testudinidae Bowsprit Tortoise; South African Bowsprit Tortoise Testudines/ Chinemys reevesii Turtle, Reeves's; Chinese 2/Serious, A Emydidae Three-keeled Turtle Testudines/ Chrysemys picta Turtle, Painted 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Cistoclemmys Turtle, Chinese Box; 3a/Serious Previous genus Cuora Emydidae flavomarginata Yellow-margined Box Turtle Testudines/ Clemmys guttata Turtle, Spotted 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Clemmys insculpta Turtle, Wood 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Clemmys marmorata Turtle, Pacific Pond; 2/Serious Emydidae Western Pond Turtle Serpentes/ Corallus caninus Boa, Emerald Tree 2/Serious, A Boidae Serpentes/ Corallus hortulanus* Boa, Cook's Tree; Garden 2/Serious Synonym = C. enydris Boidae Boa; Tree Boa Sauria/ Corucia zebrata Skink, Prehensile-tailed; 3a/Serious, B Scincidae Solomon Islands Giant Skink Crocodylia/ Crocodylus mindorensis Crocodile, Philippine 2/Serious, A Crocodylidae Crocodylia/ Crocodylus novaeguineae Crocodile, New Guinea 2/Serious, A Crocodylidae Serpentes/ Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake, Eastern 2/Serious Viperidae Diamondback Serpentes/ Crotalus atrox Rattlesnake, Western Not Viperidae Diamondback listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Crotalus basiliscus Rattlesnake, Mexican 2/Serious, B

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 25

Viperidae West-coast Serpentes/ Crotalus durissus Rattlesnake, Cascabel; 2/Serious Assessed as Crotalus Viperidae Cascabel; Neotropical unicolor so only Rattlesnake subspecies assessed. Serpentes/ Crotalus lepidus Rattlesnake, Rock 2/Serious Viperidae Serpentes/ Crotalus ruber Rattlesnake, Red Diamond 2/Serious Viperidae Serpentes/ Crotalus vegrandis Rattlesnake, Uracoan Not Assessed by VPC Viperidae listed/Extreme 2002 using Bomford mkII, EA have permitted species to be held in SA under SA permit. Serpentes/ Crotalus viridis Rattlesnake, Western 2/Serious Viperidae Testudines/ Cuora amboinensis Turtle, Malaysian Box; 3a/Serious Emydidae South Asian Box Turtle Testudines/ Cuora trifasciata Turtle, Chinese Three- 3a/Serious Emydidae striped Box Sauria/ Cyclura cornuta Iguana, Rhinoceros 3a/Serious Iguanidae Serpentes/ Daboia russelli Viper, Russell's 2/Serious Synonym Vipera Viperidae russelli Serpentes/ Drymarchon corais Snake, Indigo 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Elaphe carinata* Snake, Taiwan Stink Not Present at Perth Zoo, Colubridae listed/Extreme 2000. Serpentes/ Elaphe guttata Snake, Corn 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Elaphe obsoleta Snake, North American 2/Serious Colubridae Rat; Rat Snake Serpentes/ Elaphe quatorlineata Snake, Four-lined Rat; 2/Serious, A Colubridae Four-lined Snake Serpentes/ Elaphe schrenkii* Snake, Russian Rat 2/Serious, A Colubridae Serpentes/ Elaphe taeniura Snake, Striped Trinket; 2/Serious Colubridae Stripe-tailed Rat Snake; Taiwan Beauty Snake Sauria/ Emoia flavigularis Skink, Yellow-throated Not Scincidae Emo listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Epicrates cenchria Boa, Rainbow 2/Serious Boidae Sauria/ Eublepharis macularius Gecko, Leopard; Northern 3a/Serious Gekkonidae Leopard Gecko Serpentes/ Eunectes murinus Anaconda; Green 2/Serious Boidae Anaconda; Water Boa Serpentes/ Eunectes notaeus Anaconda, Yellow 2/Serious Boidae Sauria/ Eurydactylodes vieillardi Gecko, Bavay's Not Gekkonidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Gekko gecko Gecko, Tokay 3a/Serious Gekkonidae Sauria/ Gekko vittatus Gecko, Lined; Striped Not Gekkonidae Gecko listed/Extreme Testudines/ Geochelone chilensis Tortoise, Argentine; Chaco 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Tortoise; Southern Wood Tortoise Testudines/ Geochelone denticulata Tortoise, Brazilian Giant; Not Specimen found Testudinidae Forest Tortoise; South listed/Extreme wandering the streets American Tortoise; South on the Gold Coast. American Yellow-footed Held at Currumbin Tortoise; Yellow-footed under a Qld NRME Tortoise permit on condition it is not transferred and no additional specimens obtained. Testudines/ Geochelone elegans Tortoise, Indian Star; Star 2/Serious Testudinidae Tortoise

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 26

Testudines/ Geochelone nigra Tortoise, Galapagos Giant 3a/Serious Synonym Testudinidae elephantopus Testudines/ Geochelone pardalis Tortoise, Leopard; 2/Serious Testudinidae Mountain Tortoise Testudines/ Geochelone radiata Tortoise, Radiated 2/Serious Testudinidae Sauria/ Geomyersia glabra Skink, Greer's Island Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Geoscincus haraldmeieri Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Gerrhosaurus validus Lizard, Giant Plated 2/Serious Gerrhosaurida e Sauria/ Gonydactylus biordinis Gecko, Guadalcanal Bow- Not Synonym is Gekkonidae fingered listed/Extreme Cyrtodactylus Testudines/ Gopherus agassizii Tortoise, Desert 2/Serious Testudinidae Testudines/ Graptemys geographica Turtle, Common Map 2/Serious Emydidae Testudines/ Graptemys Turtle, False Map; Eastern 2/Serious includes kohnii Emydidae pseudogeographica Map Turtle Testudines/ Graptemys versa Turtle, Texas Map 2/Serious Emydidae Sauria/ Heloderma suspectum Monster, Gila 2/Serious Helodermatida e Serpentes/ Hemachatus haemachatus Cobra, Ringneck Spitting; 2/Serious Elapidae Rinkhals Sauria/ Hemidactylus frenatus Gecko, Bridled House; 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae Common House Gecko; Cheechak Sauria/ Hemidactylus garnotii Gecko, Indopacific; Spiny Not Gekkonidae Gecko listed/Extreme Testudines/ Heosemys spinosa Terrapin, Spiny; Spiny 2/Serious Previous genus Emydidae Turtle; Sunburst Turtle Geomyda Serpentes/ Heterodon simus Snake, Southern Hog- Not Colubridae nosed listed/Extreme Testudines/ Hydromedusa tectifera Turtle, South American Not Chelidae Snake-necked listed/Extreme Squamata/ Hydrosaurus pustulatus Lizard, Crested; Philippine 2/Serious Agamidae Sailfin Lizard; Soa-Soa Water Lizard Sauria/ Iguana iguana Iguana, Common; Green 3a/Serious Iguanidae Iguana Testudines/ Indotestudo elongata Tortoise, 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Elongated;Pineapple Tortoise; Red-nosed Tortoise; Yellow Tortoise; Yellow-headed Tortoise Testudines/ Kinixys belliana Tortoise, Bell's 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Hinged;Bell's Hinged- backed Tortoise Testudines/ Kinosternon flavescens Turtle, Yellow Mud 2/Serious Kinosternidae Testudines/ Kinosternon subrubrum Turtle, Common Mud 2/Serious Kinosternidae Sauria/ Lacerta lepida Lizard, Eyed; Jewelled 2/Serious Lacertidae Lizard; Ocellated Lizard Sauria/ Lacerta viridis Lizard, Green; Emerald 2/Serious Lacertidae Lizard Serpentes/ Lampropeltis alterna Kingsnake, Grey-banded Not Colubridae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Lampropeltis getula Kingsnake, Common 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Lampropeltis mexicana Kingsnake, Grey- 2/Serious Colubridae banded;San Luis Potosi Kingsnake Serpentes/ Lampropeltis triangulum Snake, Milk 2/Serious Colubridae Serpentes/ Laticauda crockeri Snake, Crocker's Sea Not

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 27

Hydrophiidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Laticauda schistorhynchus Snake, Flat-tailed Sea Not Hydrophiidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Loveridgelaps elapoides Snake, Orange-banded Not Elapidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Lycondon capucinus* - Not Colubridae listed/Extreme Testudines/ Macroclemys temminckii Turtle, Alligator Snapping; 3a/Serious Chelydridae Alligator Snapper Testudines/ Manouria emys Tortoise, Asian Giant; 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Asian Tortoise; Black Giant Tortoise; Burmese Brown Tortoise; Burmese Mountain Tortoise; Six- legged Tortoise Testudines/ Mauremys caspica* Terrapin, Caspian; 2/Serious, B Previous genus Emydidae Caspian Turtle; Stripe- Clemmys. necked Terrapin (Specimens died 8yrs ago Adelaide.) Serpentes/ Micropechis ikaheka Snake, Pacific Coral Not Elapidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Morelia boeleni Python, Black; Boelen's Not Pythoninae Python listed/Extreme Sauria/ Nactus pelagicus Gecko, Pelagic Not Synonyms are Gekkonidae listed/Extreme Cyrtodactylus pelagicus , Nactus arnouxii Serpentes/ Naja haje Cobra, Egyptian 2/Serious Elapidae Serpentes/ Naja melanoleuca Cobra, Forest 2/Serious Elapidae Serpentes/ Naja mossambica Cobra, Mozambique 2/Serious Elapidae Spitting Serpentes/ Naja naja Cobra, Asian; Asiatic 2/Serious Elapidae cobra; Indian Cobra; Indian Spectacled Cobra Sauria/ Naultinus elegans Gecko, Green Tree; Green 2/Serious, B (Was listed in SCA 13, Gekkonidae Gecko no breeding until re- assessment of species carried out.) Serpentes/ Ophiophagus hannah Cobra, King; Hamadryad 2/Serious, B Elapidae Squamata/ Ophisaurus apodus Lizard, Armoured Glass; 2/Serious Synonym Pseudopus Agamidae European Glass Lizard; Sheltopusik Serpentes/ Parapistocalamus hedigeri Snake, Hediger's Not Elapidae listed/Extreme Testudines/ Pelodiscus sinensis Turtle, Chinese Softshell 3a/Serious, B Trionychidae Sauria/ Phelsuma Gecko, Madagascar Day 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae madagascariensis Serpentes/ Pituophis melanoleucus Snake, Pine Gopher; Pine 2/Serious Colubridae Snake Testudines/ Platemys platycephala Turtle, Twist-necked 2/Serious, A Chelidae Sauria/ Prasinohaema virens Skink, Green Tree Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Pseudechis papuanus Snake, Papuan Brown Not Recently discovered Elapidae listed/Extreme on an island in the Torres Strait, which is Australian territory. Testudines/ Pseudemys floridana Cooter, Common; Florida 2/Serious Previous genus Emydidae Slider Chrysemys Serpentes/ Python curtus Python, Blood; Short-tailed 2/Serious Pythoninae Python Serpentes/ Python molurus Python, Asiatic Rock; 2/Serious Pythoninae Burmese Python; Tiger Python Serpentes/ Python regius Python, Ball; Royal Python 2/Serious Pythoninae

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 28

Serpentes/ Python reticulatus Python, Java Rock; Regal 2/Serious Pythoninae Python; Reticulated Python Serpentes/ Python sebae Python, African; African 2/Serious Pythoninae Rock Python Serpentes/ Python timoriensis Python, Timor Not Pythoninae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Rhacodactylus auriculatus Gecko, New Caledonian 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae Bumpy; Eared Caledonian Gecko Sauria/ Rhacodactylus ciliatus Gecko, Guichenot's Giant Not Gekkonidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Rhacodactylus leachianus Gecko, New Caledonian 2/Serious, A Gekkonidae Giant; Cuvier’s Caledonian Gecko Sauria/ Rhacodactylus Gecko, Roux's Giant Not Gekkonidae sarasinorum listed/Extreme Testudines/ Rhinoclemmys Turtle, Central American 2/Serious, A Emydidae pulcherrima Wood; Mexican Wood Turtle; Ornate Terrapin; Painted Wood Turtle Serpentes/ Salomonelaps par Snake, Solomon Islands Not Elapidae Brown listed/Extreme Serpentes/ Sanzinia Boa, Madagascar 2/Serious Boidae madagascariensis Testudines/ Siebenrockiella crassicollis Turtle, Black Marsh; Asian 2/Serious, A Emydidae Box Turtle; Thick-necked Turtle Serpentes/ Sistrurus catenatus Massasauga 2/Serious Viperidae Sphenodontida/ Sphenodon punctatus Beak-head; Cook Strait 2/Serious Sphenodontidae Tuatara; Sphenodon; Tuatara Sauria/ Sphenomorphus Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae concinnatus listed/Extreme Testudines/ Staurotypus triporcatus Turtle, Mexican Musk; 2/Serious Kinosternidae Mexican Mud Turtle Testudines/ Sternotherus minor Musk Turtle, Loggerhead; 2/Serious Synonym Kinosternon Kinosternidae Musk Turtle Testudines/ Terrapene carolina Turtle, Common Box; 3a/Serious Emydidae Eastern Box Turtle Testudines/ Terrapene ornata Turtle, Ornate Box; Not Emydidae Western Box Turtle listed/Extreme Testudines/ Testudo graeca Tortoise, Common; Greek 2/Serious Testudinidae Tortoise; Moorish Tortoise; Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudines/ Testudo hermanni Tortoise, Hermann's 3a/Serious Testudinidae Testudines/ Testudo horsfieldii Tortoise, Afghan; Central 2/Serious, A Testudinidae Asian Tortoise; Four-toed Tortoise; Horsfield's Tortoise; Steppe Tortoise Sauria/ Tiliqua gigas Skink, Giant Blue-tongued Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Crocodylia/ Tomistoma schlegelii Gavial, False; False Not Crocodylidae Gharial; Malayan Gharial; listed/Extreme Tomistoma Testudines/ Trachemys scripta Slider, Common; Yellow- 3a/Serious Previous genus Emydidae bellied Slider, Red-eared Chrysemys Slider Sauria/ Tribolonotus gracilis Skink, Crocodile Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Tropidoscincus aubrianus Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Tropidoscincus rohssii Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Tropidoscincus variabilis Lizard, Scincid Not Scincidae listed/Extreme Sauria/ Varanus jobiensis Monitor, Peachthroat; Not Synonym is V. Varanidae Schmidt's Monitor; Sepik listed/Extreme karlschmidti Monitor

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes Vertebrate Pests Committee List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, May 2003……………………………………………………. page 29

Sauria/ Varanus komodoensis Dragon, Komodo; Komodo 2/Serious Varanidae Monitor; Ora Sauria/ Varanus niloticus Lizard, African Small-grain; 3a/Serious, B Varanidae Nile Monitor Sauria/ Varanus salvadorii Monitor, Crocodile; 2/Serious, A Varanidae Papuan Monitor; Tree Crocodile Serpentes/ Vipera ammodytes Viper, Nose-horned; Sand 2/Serious Viperidae Viper Serpentes/ Vipera latastei Viper, Lataste’s Not Assessed by VPC Viperidae listed/Extreme 2002 using Bomford mkII, EA have permitted species to be held in SA under SA permit.

AMPHIBIA Order/Family Scientific Name Common Name VPC Category Comments (Current/Possibl e New and Related Issues) Caudata/ Ambystoma mexicanum Axolotl 4/New category Ambystomatida not given e Caudata/ Andrias japonicus Salamander, Japanese; 2/Serious, A Cryptobranchida Giant Salamander e Anura/ Bufo marinus Toad, Cane; Giant Toad 1/Extreme Bufonidae Caudata/ Cynops pyrrhogaster Newt, Japanese; Red- 2/Serious, A Salamandridae bellied Newt; Japanese Fire-bellied Newt Anura/ Dendrobates auratus Frog, Green Poison; Not Dendrobatidae Green-and-black Poison listed/Extreme Frog Anura/ Dendrobates tinctorius Frog, Dyeing Poison-arrow 2/Serious Dendrobatidae Anura/ Philautus romeri Frog, Romer’s Tree; 2/Serious, A Rhacophoridae Romer's Bubble-nest Frog Anura/ Ranidae Pyxicephalus adspersus Frog, African Bull; Giant 2/Serious Previous genus Rana Bull Frog Caudata/ Taricha granulosa Newt, Rough-skinned Not Salamandridae listed/Extreme Caudata/ Triturus cristatus Newt, Warty; Crested Newt 2/Serious, A Salamandridae Caudata/ Triturus vulgaris Newt, Smooth; Common 2/Serious, A Salamandridae Newt Anura/ Pipidae Xenopus laevis Frog, African Clawed 2/Serious, A

EXISTING VPC CATEGORIES = 1a – No import or keeping, 1b - Not assigned to another category, 2 - Limited to statutory zoos or endorsed special collections, 3a - Kept under permit for exhibition, education, entertainment or conservation, 3b - Kept under permit for private, commercial or exhibition, 4 - No pest potential or widely kept, 5 - Already widespread PROPOSED VPC CATEGORIES = Extreme, Serious, Moderate, Low, or Unassessed, * - Already widespread, livestock etc A = No assessment, can only be kept in Statutory Zoos, B = Species no longer held in Australia, C = 1a species imported for research purposes