Wl, % 9 3%6u

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from This project is made possible by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Department of Education through the Office of Commonwealth Libraries

https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniacoun09unse_0

\

« c 4-

D J---

i- 1 :__# • INDEX# s = - = — - —■"■■■ ^ ■ ■ LI"" TT, F Page Q Page H Pa INDEX,

M Page M Page M p;

- — ■ ■■ ■«------— - — --. -«-)-- -— ---T»"-

• f

/

N o P

*

-

Q R R

*

.....—-—■ ■ ■ ■

blight mind c - -s * - - T m* -y ''Command t- mafe excursions into and*1 was ^epteffi * ^ey°Jud • no childre^

was born In Hanover county. Vi guna.wner^ /•>fe awpoiutodam-U^^^S£,FsS distinction during2 what ^'campaign, and ^en ^Tectedfrom6 West- was then called Lunenburg (now Chailotte) j county, Ya. A«er has mamage^Co^.^mith

whichattendiiigasession con\ eucd 1 mthatotyUethat city he waswass^^ standing ^1 outside the meetin,, , j.prs passed on their 1 L | f s^aSw^ss*^srs a«»s»«... m«m g* a* i *ve the Presbyterian taureuChurch wto ^preach,_ n I 'tistUold S crating tor fighting and ad- died at the house of a stepson, a Mr. I , suff •ssjss, Washington county, Ky:, m lhis ^'mSougMs In turr«*an6 instant he yearS‘ in nOGED BY A SAVAGE TRIBE. . ! “» s«*s s*“?wsr ss A q interesting' as the traditions and scan

| The rSiueat was ^tead‘c^^f and w°Jut I bhltoWaSK= into New Jersey, l^rlviMiSiFffeissJgS; devoted to the recital of occurrences he ,

ST' S0H6 OM l'erred b^etscalietd for the attention T the &As<>emblv and on its being given, °t body by announcing his abil- surprised thatboay y emen whom he S“«. ell ?S« »MSJ»*gaS . itY L?„1dlSess hle indtos aud lead against

H" was at Morristown with his men sefefeafsfSSWKPl rivers aod mountain foilae-e, . * floods and scalps and tomahawks and arrows. Smith had a keen ey or»ru- * tentive memory. Nothing escaped hts cru tiny. When he was captured abcwe Pemora ,

* T^Sm.A Jgf«3? m i

Sgt Pbe,C which bareTy .reached in front mmmmi Ws speech, smith informed Washington that lip had a very poor opinion of the colo¬ ninor hash the moo spin. iuw *r;r: nel assigned to the command of the bat¬ Smith was ordered to run the gauntlet, s- talion, and that bo would not serve under tweln the lines he fled, flogged at every id him. Somewhat taken back. Washington sind frightened by the demoniacal cries -ole asked for his reasons, which Smith save, the savages One of them reached out antalL principal of which was that the colonel was the handle of a tomahawk struck h me not a friend of the , and as Ihe earth. Smith fell ^nseiess Wd a result of this feeling. Smith would consciousness returned J aL,?t not be able to have his rangers under him as unbroken the Indians were awaiu he wished, therefore he refused the commis¬ his recovery- He was commanded, a 0. sion and said he could boot' more service to get on° Ms feet and start off agam.i his country as a militia officer than under obeyed, but had not run thice yV-nml s in \ such a leader as Washington proposed. another brute threw a handful M ” ,.)■ Washington allowed Smith to have his way eves and blinded him. Ashe stummeuuj i for a few months, when he sent him a colo¬ was tossed from one f ea™” ^lat ir nel's commission in the army. Just after other his tormentors buffeted ana De“\ this Indians again attacked the frontier, and until he dropped insensible a second ti* held sway until Col. Smith and his Black They carried him into the fort, acd lor aaf ?! , Boys came along and drove them into the v>» wns verv ill under the care of a DMwmi ; wilderness. nMsfciln On his recovery he found ant MARRIED A LAPY. Indian who had a smattering of English, and Skirmishes with the red men kept him off Irmn hhn he learned that the garrison m and on in the saddle until 1785, when he went Port Duauesne were tamili&i e'^ v, ■ to to further the interests of land movement of Braddock’s army through claims he acquired there by virtue of ex¬ Se work of Indian scouts, and could ploration. There he met a widow, Mrs. Mar¬ locate the British any liour that ?vas garet" Irvin, *43 years 'old, whose husband npeessarv The plan of tho. warriors UlcUdied illin 1777i< i I ata.t Dumfries,uuiuuwo, Ya.,„ ' fromi • x. small- was to get Craddock and his men in a posi¬ pox while he was marching from his home in tion where they could surround ana slaugh¬ Charlotte county, in the same State, to join ter them. Smith knew that this intention the American army r.s a volunteer. She had had been realized on the afternoon ot July J, ^ live young children. Colonel Smith, aithoueh 1755 About sundown he looked out the fort, a widower and the lather of seven children, gate and saw a party of Indians ouproar , ) was.... attracted.... by—*-*-, the17^r«n cultivated | n manners* andf' - fngwith twelve British soldiers prisonp^ V c ' ( / ^ ..Zr- ‘r (4 ■e.' -'r ■ - .niYtt were naked, didpefim ,.i vu>---3»k- _ _ ir bands were tied behind their batiks end took Smith to a town near Muskinguulj'. rts of their bodies were blacked from inhabited by Delawares, Caughnew-1 | bit >W9 and bruises. Across the Alleghany Mohicans. Here ne was formally , river, directly opposite the fort, on whose brave according to Indian custom and | wall Smith stood with sentinels and watched ted to a tribe. I tljBir operations, the Indians carried the sol- The baptism was one of pain. The Stakcs were driven into the ground opened in pugilistic parlance with the the unfortunate foreigners tied Indians doing the hddliug. They collected them. Fires were kindled, and about Smith and cornered him. A warrior im them burning brands were snatched with a piece ot bark on which be had ashes placed on the soldier’s, who screamed elbowed his way into the ring around the htfully. Other Indians, with increased youth, and, dipping a thumb and index Ity, kept touching the victims with red- linger into the asae-. grabbed with that band irons until they burned the very life out at Smith’s hair abd caught a bunch of it. them. The next morning Braddock’s With surprising deftness he pulled out a fn artillery was drawn into Fort Duquesuc tuft, repeating the operation again and again under the mock escort of a company of In¬ witli the deliberateness of a housewife di¬ dians, rigged out in the uniform, sashes and vesting a chicken of its feathers, until he had hats of the British officers they had plucked oil all the boy's hair save an rdered. oasis a few inches in circumference on the A DEED FOR PITTSBURG'S SITE. crown. The ashes played an important part; Fifteen years later the chiefs of the Six it roughened the skin on his lingers and en¬ rfftVifitions gave Garrett Pendergrass, Sr., a abled him to secure a firmer hold on the hair. IsjPcv&der who lived at , the land on Taking a pair of scissors, the Indian began which stood, and which is the cutting the remaining hair until only three site of the present city of Pittsburg. The locks were left, and Smith was as "cleanly 1 deed of-, this property is carefully preserved picked as the parrott in the picture that was I in the archives of the court in this town, and thrown into the company of the monkey. is an object of rare curiosity. It is executed This trinity of strands the Indian proceeded I in regular, easily-read characters, on stout to dress with beads and silver brooches. j white paper,which though 120 years old, is in This much done. Smith’s ears and nose were ; a splendid state of preservation. Pender¬ bored and rings and jewels inserted. His grass Was what is called in this region a English-cut clothes were stripped off him and Scotch-Trishman. He was a trader, and fol¬ a breech-clotn given him. A belt of lowed his business along the pike from Phila¬ wampun was placed uroimd his neck delphia west. As the road was opened and silver bands on his bands and piece by piece Pendergrass moved ac¬ right arm. The finishing touches were ad¬ cordingly in the new direction. ministered in paint, lavisnly spread in vari¬ -j Time and his own enterprise brought him ous colors tft'er his head, face and body. An j totBedford. His practiced sight showed him old chief took him by the hand and gave a » the advantages of the country and the value cry of alarm. From all sides came warriors, 9 of. its proximity to the highway. Forthwith children and squaws. Smith was handed he bargained with the Indians for the pur¬ over to three girls, who led him by the hand chase of a tract, and offered in payment cer¬ down to the Muskingum river and waded tain quantities of rum, molasses and wam¬ with him into the water until they were pum. Terms were mutually agreeable. A waist deep in it. The ladies plunged him bargain was consummated and Smith put in under the surface, washed and rubbed him possession of the land. The period of the with gusto, and finally led him back to the war between the Frencli and English came tribe, where he was redecorated and pre¬ along, and Pendegrass was disposessed of his sented with gifts, including a pair of garters property, which was seized by adventurers, dressed with beads, porcupiue quills and red now called ’‘boomers.” On the cessation of hair, a new rutiled shirt, a polecat skin hostilities he endeavored to recover his own pouch filled with a mixture of tobacco and and railed. A treaty meeting was held dry sumach leaves, which the Indians smoke at , then on the site of A speech was made by the old chief aunouu . Fort Duquesne and thither Pendergrass went to complain to the chiefs of the Six Nations. cing that Smith was a warrior, whose white As au act of r eparation they granted him a blood bad been washed away by’ the young tract of land, which they called Long Beach, ladies and Indian blood rubbed into him. A near the mouth of their river, the Yaugbya- feast of boiled venison and green corn was fjaiu, but when Pendergrass went to occupy spread to commemorate the even’, and tin; if he discovered that it was improved aud remainder of the day was given over to jubi¬ held by other settlers. Without further par¬ lation. ley the Indians deeded him another tract of DISHES OF THE RED MAN. laSjd on the north side of the Alegaina (so After that meal Warrior Smith ate many J,edin the deed,) opposite Fort Pitt, to fit for an epicure, and some that would he river on one side and to extend one weaken an ostrich and frighten a dyspeptic a-half miles on the north side of the to death. Turkey, geese, venison, bear, rac¬ > in the form of a semicircle. The coon, beaver and bulfalo meat were to be , r was given liberty to build houses, secured plentifully with gun or bow and ' j improvements and cultivate the arrow; even rock fish was in the creeks, and In order to allow Pendergrass were captured in the night by the Indian--, ore fully enjoy his possessions the who lit fires on the banks of the streams, and j of the Six Nations bind themselves speared the tinny swimmers as they pa- d, < deed to instruct all Indians not to the trouble was in the manner in which rim or his heirs. The deed bears date things were messed. A few of the dishes tic •' ary, 1770. and contains in legal form tasted on his journey with the savages were above statements. The signers are the a brown potato, peelod and diupi d in rac¬ jfs Enishera or Captain Henry Mountain, coon’s fat; a hominy made of green corn j affixed his signature in the two letters dried and beans mixed together; roasted tovitalized H. M., and Connehracahecat, or venison, dipped into bear’s fat, sweetened by White Mingo, whose mark was two circles, sugar; coin pounded with coarse meal and one within the other. Above their names boiled in water, without salt, until it was one of the chiefs drew a mysterious symboli¬ like thickened soup; bread made of Indian cal sign, consisting of a circle, from the cir¬ corn meal, mixed with boiled beans and cumference of which are e’ght. strokes or baked in cakes under the ashes of the camp¬ tins unequally distant, two of which are fire. This luxury, served with l at, roasted or crossed near the ends like the letter “t.” boiled venison in the fall, or bear’s meat Through the centre of the circle are two lines and beaver in the winter, or sugar, bear's slightly curved towards their downward ter¬ oil and dry venison in the spring, was con¬ mination. A straight line appears a little sidered high living. Cranberry sauce was above th? centre, while on top of the ring is a not unknown to the warriors, and right fond square with the right-hand corner cut into a they were of it. too, when sugar triangle, and the upper left-hand corner sur¬ was mixed with the berries. The Indians mounted by an “o,” were decidedly' partial to saccharine com¬ A WHITE BOV TURNED INTO AN INDIAN. pounds. They always laid in a supply of Victory gained, parties of Indians began to sugar in the early spring. It was the duty of the squaws to attend to this work. With a . -i ■*?.. jh ‘ the opportunity when the rismsing w. \ made Trills. Through the screen of would safely carry along their cruderude vessl ^ water looms up a great pile of buildings, down to Huntingdon, where the Juniat, Croc’Aford, the Swiss cottage and the other river would be reached. Once on that body structures of Bedford Spi’ings, cold, silent, of water, it was easy enough to reach the lonely looking. Beneath the spreading Susquehanna, near Harrisburg, and to sail branches, whose shade made many a pleas¬ down to the , thence up to ant spot in summer, where men met and ar¬ , where for a lengthy period Bed- gued, the storms started rills. A sparrow lord did a large business in her line. Ibis chirped beneath an eave. That was the only stream is now, as it was in colonial days, indication of life around. From the ball- called the Raystown branch of the Juniata. room came the smell of dust and dampness, It took its name lrom a settler named Ray,or, instead of the air of perfume and the odor of as it is also spelled,Rea,who in 1751 built three crushed flowers. The old spring was there, cabins ou the present site of Beuford town to be sure, just as it had been for three- Seven years later a wagon road passed m quarters of a century, teeming from the i settlement from the East to the Youghio t crevice between the rock; but a change had &heny river.naving been completed to allow been brought around it, too, A wire fence | eueral John Forbes, comiaander-in-eiiief encircling the pavilion from dome to ground of the British forces in America, successor of is iui*»i.tion, locked and otherwise securely the ill-fated Braddock, who lost his lite and fastened.’ it keeps the dead leaves from armv in his attack on Fort Duquesne, in going into the pool, some one explained. 1755,'to march against that Frencu and In¬ Over in a bottling house could, he who dian stronghold, with the allied forces of would, drink the mineral water from an iron , Virginia and Pennsylvania. There pipe. were neariv eight thousand men in the army business and gossip. The advance guard was under the command Despite these drawbacks at this season there of , then a colonel, and is an individuality and a historical character Colonel Boquet, a noted English soldier. This in connection with Bedford which cannot was the first visit of the Earner of his Coun¬ fail to interest the close observer of human try to Ray’s Town, a title the settlement con¬ nature and to amply repay the student of tinued to enjoy for one year, when past events who will walk and work to find it was changed to Bedford, after an it. out. The former is readily enough per¬ English duke who bore that patronymic, aud ceived in the business methods of the popu¬ in whose honor a fort was erected in 1751), j lation, who evince a keen insight into the near what is now the heart of the town. A j~- knowledge of city dealings and in the man¬ portion of this was standing > nerisms of the wits, wiseacres, politicians and until March, 1837, when it was destroyed by ! other authorities who assemble daily in fire. Thirty-eighty years alter his initial • .. the town hotel. A rainy day sprouts journey to Bedford Gen. Washington made I these shrewd, good-natured conversational¬ a second one eu route to the scenes of the j ists, whose range of gossip extends from the whisky riots in the western part of the State. ! fishwife's vanity to the specialty of the ex¬ When be reached this town the information ; pert horse-dealer. Among merchants it is reached him that quiet had been re-J believed that an agricultural implement fac¬ stored, so he did not travel farther. The tory having Bedford, Somerset and T ulton house in which be lodged is still standing on counties from which to draw its trade at the Pitt street, opposite the Bedford House. outset,would be a highly paying investment. It is in first-class condition and tenanted. Others again store their hopes in the Capt. David Espy, protbonotary of Bed¬ enterprise" of the Baltimore and Ohio Kail- ford county, was its owner and resident. road. A corps of civil engineers acting Feeling the great honor that would be eon- j for that corporation has made a survey ferred on him by the presence in his home of j from the Pittsburg and Connellsville branch, such a distinguished visitor, tradition has it > in Somerset county, down through the north¬ that Capt. Espy made haste to write General | ern section of Bedford town and on toward Washington 10 be his guest, which offer was j the direction of Harrisburg, there to connect accepted. The dwelling is a two-story stone j with the tracks of the Philadelphia and Head¬ one with gable roof and two doors facing ri ing Railroad. Such a route, if constructed, the pike, between which openings is a bow- I, would be thirty-five miles shorter to the window. The house has a look of solidity and h State capital than the Pennsylvania route oid-time comfort about it that marks it out | and at the same time would give a closer out¬ prominently among surrounding structures. \ let at New and Philadelphia to the Before leaving Bedford on that occasion | western traffic of the Baltimore and Ohio. Gen. \Vashington visited the home ot a JohD ; There is still hope in Bedford Hi at this pro¬ Anderson, grandfather of the family of that ' posed line will become a reality. Anyhow name who some years ago were proprie- , there are genial fellows, who trust that a tors of the Bedford Springs property, and country where turkeys sell for from . to 10 was given a seat in au old but comfortable j cents per pound, chickens 6 cents, fine roast arm-chair, which he occupied during his call. beef.brought to towu from outlying districts, That chair is now in the possession of one 10 cents per pound, and splendid horses at &o0 of the Andersons of Bedford, and is a proud a head, will have a future assured it by those relic, and rightly, too. i who enjoy the good things of life. THE ORIGINAL WHITE CAPS. AN OLD SETTLEMENT. In the evolution of American civilization The historical feature of Bedford is its main one It is 130 miles by turnpike from Baltimore Bedford can lay claim to In ' on the old , constructed fully thp record of the first band ot vv lute > fifteen years before the declaration of inde¬ pendence fromPhiladelphiatoFortDuquesue, w hMi they ^aiR^red6 In which occupied the present site of the city of Pittsburg. This was the only route in those times from the East to the frontiers of civili¬ zation. Even today the pike is an important « ^29^ another one, and affords in pleasant weather a mag- their deeds gave rise to tne “,nsa.uised nificient drive to the Monumental City via that in the manner m Tfe Everett, MoConnellsburg.Chambersburg and j their faces was the origin to be, “ were a Gettysburg, all in Pennsylvania.to Westmin¬ fact remains all the same tk t Hies Uon ster Md„ Keisterstown and Baltimore. The remarkable body ot men. tui s», ^ famous South mountain is crossed, and the named was inhabited by Q c vecc|Ving* no panorama of its scenery delightfully out¬ lined to the vision. At MoConnelisburg the pike now forks and atfords another route to ssws ! Baltimore tnrougii Waynesboro and Green- i castle. Pa., and Emmitsburg, Md. I to pay a eompan> or linexnei Indian Through the township runs a stream of water whose floods as late as sixty years ago were a god-send to Baltimore merchants as safeand green Bfessfe etirts, which ass? nw-arled well as Bedford farmers. On its banks, rough hewn and primitive in style, were arks or flat-bottomed boats, made by the tillers ot Bedford soil, in which they stored grain and other products of their-, farms and awaited l be tracked Uo was pu«- under Colonel Boquetum . So successful were tbp tioti against the Ohio Indians, the frontier was freed of it the Cumberland and Tennessee Stone’s river, which was the sou— the Cumberland, and eroptiedinto it near Nashville, in LTOG. This exploration, m which . .hit captcrer^'amerioan rbbki^ Smith was accompanied by n“hlatto s .Jatlers were tranquil enough ioiaixs eais was, with the exception of that of a huntei and until traders began carrying goods ana named Scnggins, the first ever made of the country west ot the Cumberland mountains vilTfr-e^' 'fxdted by reports of the chances in Tennessee bv any Anglo-Saxon. for i>U nder made them by t^®eA^atf/0rviBi'ons AN EXHIBITION OB' NEItVTL ^_ feeliiu: strong in the possession ot pro' isions The iourney occupied eleven months, three and weapons, the Indians resumed their rob- of which Smith and his companion passed berie;i and murderous attacks mi the vai y in the wilderness without seeing any human settlors. Naturally enoug h the whues beggea faces buttheir own. They never tasted bread the traders to desist doing harness wiUi tne in all that time nor knew what the emell of jnd ians, and. not being heeded, became so in- spirituous liquor was. Then- Prir'?‘Pa'_^ ^ ce'ised that, they seized the camp.- «(._ D( was jerked buffalo meat. On the way a erg in Bedford county,destroj cd a L large splinter ran into one of smith s feet so t'seir* powder and lead, mid caia-.ed piopm ty far that his leg began to swell, and the pain mvay. Charges were forwarded to the pro vm became so intense he could not walk. He had a knife, a moccasin awl and pair ot bul¬ let moulds in his pocket. Seating himself oil the stump of a tree he ripped off his foot placed hi w« covering and stuck the awl in his skim using the sharp-pointed instrument anTbK d^aUngs-considered this military ■is a fork, while with the knife he cut away notion Arbitrary and determined to rescue the the flesh around the splinter until the piece of wood was exposed sufficiently to allow its being caught with the bullet moulds. Armed with the latter improvised surgical tool, the remained until daybreak. It was know^ mulatto seized the bit ot.wood .and pulled to them that when daylight appearea out while Smith held fast to the wounded I it was ti.e custom at the toUiiica foot. A poultice was made from the bark of tion to unlock the gate. So an|P:j was a ivnn tree, which was pounded on a stone sent to await that erent■ ■ wol.j£ with a tomahawk and boiled in a kettle. The it immediately. He Performed his

THE LEADER. In the year 1755, at the very time that By THE LEADER COMPANY. General Braddock was concentrating his

JOHN C. CHAMBERLAIN, force of scarlet-clad British and auxiliary •n Editor and Publisher. Provincials to inarch them, with all the Pile continuance of the History of ostentation of military display, to be Bioody-Kuu, by Dr. Hickok, has been sus¬ slaughtered by Indians and French in pended fora short time—only a week or two— ambush near Fort Duquesne, there was in order that the Doctor may finish the sub¬ ject entirely, before publication is resumed, born into the world, in Farquier county, so that there may be no necessity of Virginia, a boy babe who was destined to any further intervals in the numbers. Oth¬ grow up to manhood a more expert marks¬ erwise, his lecturing engagements elsewhere are likely to cause interruptions in the regu¬ man, more wonderfully skilled in wood¬ lar course of the papers. craft, more alert of hand and fleet of foot, In the Centennial celebration at more courageous, vigilant, enduring, and Huntingdon, this week, Everett bore her implacable than the Indians themselves— full share of the honors. Her Eire Depart¬ their master at their own arts of war and ment, with their beautiful Parade Reel, and horse-stealing, t li ty 4fr .onspicuous and in their attractive uniforms, and by their hated foe, whose whole existence was to manly bearing, were the objects of repeated applause on the march of Wednesday, and become absorbed by an indiscriminate the subjects of the most flattering encomi¬ thirst for revenge that embraced within ums, amongst the 3-1,0J0 spectators that its scope the unarmed squaw as well as thronged the streets of the century-o.d city, the warrior, the helpless papoose as well and our fellow townsman, Dr. C. isr. Hickok, Past Grand Master of the Odd Fellows of as superannuated feebleness, and was satis¬ Pennsylvania, who was the chosen orator of fied with nothing short of the extermina¬ the day, delivered an address that ranked tion of the whole red-skinned race, actu¬ fully with any of the oratorical performances ated by the profound conviction that there of the centennial week. In regard to it the Philadelphia Press remarks: “The Opera was and could be no good Indian but a House was filled to overflowing to hear a dead Indian. The boy’s name was Simon patriotic and eloquent address from Past Kenton. Grand Master Hickok, of the Odd Fellows. He was the product of his age—the out¬ He was at his best, and frequently in the midst of his taik he was compelled to pause growth of his surroundings. Raised on till the great audience ceased applauding.” the border as a hunter, trapper, and scout, We of Bedford county know that Dr. Hickok with the eyesight of an eagle and nerves is a strong writer and an eloquent orator, and and sinews of steel, his life was in con¬ we were not surprised to learn that, after liisaddressatHuntlngdon.he waswaited upon stant peril ; -and depending on his owti by committees from various sections of the vigilance, alertness, resolution, and cour¬ state to engage his service as speaker for age for the continuance of his existence, similar demonstrations. He has engaged to he became one of the typical men of his lecture at Altoona, West Newton and Fair Chance during October, and has other invita¬ time—an Indian hater and Indian limiter. tions in consideration. He hunted Indians as other men hunt wolves and wildcats. He differed from the Westminster Assembly of Divines as to what is the chief end of man. Mail’s chief end, according to his catechism, was to hate Indians and to hunt them forever. BEDFORD, PA., SEPTEMBER 28,1888. As the Indian warrior believed in a happy hunting-ground in the world beyond, where, with his pony and dog, he would HlSTOItY OF BEDFORD. spend an eternity of bliss in coursing the

—--- S wild deer through primeval forests inter¬ spersed with lovely natural meadows and Simon Kenton, the Indian Hater, and bright streams of pure water, so Kenton, Simon Girtv, the Renegade. it is doubtful if he was at the place more than one night at that time. He was at iford. Pa., Feb. SI.—Bedford is shiver¬ Fort Cumberland with the greater part of ing iu the cold. Down the eastern slope of the AUegbanies,screaming,howling, writhing, his regiment until the expedition was as it makes for the valley below, comes a ready to move from Raystown to Loyal- mad, fitful wind, tossing, tearing, tall moun¬ hanna creek, and moved through the tain oaks that are in its way. A deep moan, “camp near Raystown” without tarrying and it sweeps icy cold over the little town. more than a day or two, as the dates of A tremor, and the life of Bedford seems his letters show. shriveled. Away over the hill and dale it The story of his having an Episcopal goes, screeching a requiem that is caught up chaplain along, and that the earliest by a blighting invader like itself, and carried | religious services held in Bedford were across silvery stream and rugg-ed peak until its powerful music is lost in the far West. Episcopalian, which has crept into a Bedford is a cheerless place in winter. To the newspaper publication, and into that thousands of Baltimoreans, Washingtonians, wonderful collection of badly - litho¬ ^ irginians and others who remember it in its graphed photographs published a few summer beauty, wheu the trees with locked years since as a history of Bedford county, branches marched thousands strong up to is all imagination. What a marvelous mountain top under showers of golden tints; thing is denominational zeal! It don’t when, staff in hand, merry and oftentime fair pedestrians climbed winding roads to gaze, ' make a farthing’s difference to anybody from summit through veils of haze on shadovf now living what sort of religious services changes in bottom land or on mountain side;., were held first in Bedford, whether they or when the soft, sweet light of declining day) touched iu delicate shades village scenes and F were Presbyterian, or Episcopal, or Re¬ larm sights; when the sun dropped behind ! formed, or Lutheran. They are all good the rugged peak and the blue smoke, curling 1 of the kind for those that like that kind ; lrom the meadow home, lingered to ' view: when the fields seemed turning and it is scarcely worth while to fabricate to gray and the birds sat pensive over- . history on the point. The bulk of Forbes’ head; when lovers and health-seeker'), j forces were Scotch and Scotch-Irish, who flushed by strolls "measured in affection’s manner or tired by distant rambles, met were Presbyterians. The remainder were around the famous spring to drink its re¬ mostly of German descent, who were freshing waters; when laughter, music, cfanc- Lutheran and Reformed. Colonel Bou¬ delightful lounging made up much of Jite; to those who carry such remembrances, quet was of the Reformed faith, and memory at this season need not turn with Colonel John Armstrong, of Carlisle, who lingering regret. commanded the Pennsylvania Provincials, Bedford is transmogrified. The trees are there, but they have sorrowed thin at their was a Presbyterian elder. The probability own nakedness and man’s enterprise. The is that the first religious services held coverings left them after changes in the sea- at Bedford were Presbyterian. Colonel sons woodcboppers proceeded to remove at the rate oi six dollars a cord, the price paid in Armstrong had a Presbyterian chaplain this region for oak bark used for tanning with his provincial forces, and it is purposes. These laborers hewed out for them- recorded that the Rev. Charles Beatty, a selves and teams many paths on the sur¬ rounding mountains, and iu their desire for chaplain in the Forbes army, and a Pres¬ trade destroyed, it is computed, enough byterian, preached a thanksgiving sermon timber m five months to furnish a good- in old Fort Duquesne in November, 1758, sized city with fuel during t,ne winter. The trunks were left to rot and impede moun¬ on the occasion of the occupation of the tain climbing all the more. The latter exer- fort by General Forbes. Although the cise is impossible without an indomitable book was got up 011 catchpenny princi¬ will, for the roads whereon pretty feet left their prints iu tiie spongy soil are now a ples and contains many inaccuracies of senes of gaping mitfl-lioies. Bubber boots statement, as well as bad pictures, yet it are necessary to keep dry. Even then also contains a great deal of historical the tatigue ol drawing one foot after the other from mud ankle-deep is an undertak¬ information as to families, which, in the ing likely to deter one who is not compelled course of time, when this generation has to travel such places from attempting a departed, will become valuable and worth second walk of considerable distance. With the dying day comes a zephyr that would preserving. It is a pity the volume is not r?a i?e m 1 ^fullest sense the anticipations better bound and of a more convenient of the poets who are wont to sing- of the ravages of the wind through sundry facial shape. William M. Hall. hirsute appendages. There is undoubted Bedford, Pa., September 2$, 1888. local authority for the statement that quite recently, on the little bluff from the covered What a silent old world it would be if bridge, near the Narrows, going in the direc¬ tion ot The Willows,” several carriages, a men talked only as much as they think. load .0 f hay, and a wagon filled with merchandise, were /at different hours blown over, the occupants barely escap¬ BEDFORD IN WINTER. ing serious injuries. Rain-storms have swept the surrounding country, and when Storm King- Enthroned at it rams here there is/ no effort at imitation or display ot indifference. It is the tvpical the Delightful Resort. business of opening the “flood-gates of Heaven. The drops beat mercilessly down 12 a;1slanting direction, so fast and furious LSTS OF MOUNTAIN LIFE. that the water actually dashes against the traveler, soaking him at every twist of the ng Zephyrs Chasyred to Howling varying’ wind, that tumbles otf the moun¬ tains. A rnist of forbidding- coior settles s—Sylvan Shad/ 5 of Charming over all, and though midday the darkness lory I\ow Bleak and Cheerless— is akin to that at twilight’s hour. Far up the huge elevations of earth peaks go into gray iness and Historical Points — A clouds that seem to be moving slowly lunity Full of Interest. downward to smother valley life; ndence of the Baltimore Sun.l streams that weie bright and bub¬ bling /grow discolored and bloated fromrrnm /coV><—ntactA —with "" a_hundred“ new- L ■ engaged, and their loss, was never ascer eloquence, and he brought ou inmse tained. They withdrew in the night. many a scowl and muttered taunt from The big man of tlie occasion was evidently the savage warriors. Kenton, the of Hardin county, Ohio, a place Cornstalk. Self-reliant manhood, cour¬ containing six or eight thousand inhabi¬ age, skill, and patriotic devotion to his tants, is named after Simon Kenton. people made him great. Thomas Kinton, liorse-master of Gen¬ To return to Simon Kenton. At seven¬ eral Forbes’ expedition, was the largest land-owner in Bedford township by the teen years of age he fell in love with a first assessment of the county made in 1772. neighboring lass. A young well-to-do He owned six hundred acres of land, of farmer was his rival. Prompted by hatred which forty acres were then cleared. This superinduced by jealousy they fought, land is now owned and occupied by Theo¬ dore Kinton, (a great-grandson,) Asa and Kenton was soundly thrashed; but Stuckey, and James Mortimore. Thomas the next year, with added height and Kinton had three sons—viz., Thomas, strength, in another battle, he nearly Simon, and John—and by his will (dated killed his rival, and left him, as he in 1777) he devised a farm to each. The name is spelled Kenton in the old thought, dead, and fled. The tradition assessment lists and court records. that comes down in the Bedford county In 1794 Simon Kenton and John Ken¬ Kinton family is that Simon Kenton was ton, of Bedford township, with about one hundred other citizens, were arrested on a a nephew of Thomas Kinton, the horse- charge of aiding in the Whisky Insurrec¬ master of the , and when tion by raising a seditious pole with a he fled from Farcpiier he made his home banner inscribed “ Liberty and No for awhile five miles west of Bedford, with Excise,” at or near the Forks, where George Stuckey now lives. At his relatives, the Kintons of Kinton’s ' Y January sessions, 1795, in a court presided Knob. He followed hunting and trap¬ over by James Riddle as president judge, ping, ranging the water-courses of the and by George Woods (2d) and Hugh Cheat, Youghiogheny, and Monongahela, Barclay as associate judges, they pleaded and in 1774 he became a scout^for Lord guilty, and were sentenced to pay fines varying from five shillings to fifteen Dunmore’s expedition and was at the pounds, which they paid. The entire fight of Point Pleasant. After that war population west of Bedford sympathized ended and peace was restored with the in the Whisky Insurrection. The excise Ohio tribes, he explored Kentucky and law was regarded as a great oppression and wrong. It levied a tax of four pence cleared a small patch and built a cabin a gallon on distilled spirits. The settlers near w'here the town of Washington, in Western Pennsylvania, in Allegheny, Mason county, Kentucky, now standsj Washington, Westmoreland, and Fayette and raised a little corn, claimed to be the counties, depended for cash upon the sale of whisky. Their chief agricultural pro¬ first corn raised by a white man in Ken¬ duction was rye, which could not be trans¬ tucky. He and Boone and Harod were ported over the mountains in bulk. Their the first settlers in that State, and it is only attainable market was by converting said Kenton preceded the others by a it into whisky and sending it in arks down few weeks. the Ohio and Mississippi and on pack- He and trapped and hunted horses across the mountains. Every fifth together in 1773, and were fast friends. or sixth farmer was a distiller, who con¬ They w'ere about the same age. It is verted his own and his neighbors’ grain. supposed they became acquainted during They had no other means of procuring his sojourn in this county. The tradition ready money. The excise tax fell upon of the neighborhood years ago was that them with unusual hardship and seemed Girty was a nephew of James Dalton, a unequal and unjust. They were mostly prominent man and large land-owmer of of the Scotch-Irish race, and were not the Bedford township in 1773, who lived withiii sort of people apt to submit calmly to a few miles of the Kintons. Girty was a what they regarded as a wrong, Alex¬ ■white man who afterward became a rene¬ ander Hamilton, than whom America has gade, joined the savages, and w'as adopted produced no greater statesman, was Wash¬ into their nation and became worse than ington’s Secretary of the Treasury and a savage. His memory is execrated to w'as the originator of this law, w'hicli w'as this day. He stood by in 1782 and saw designed to raise money to pay off the Colonel Crawford burned at the stake and national debt incurred in the Revolu¬ jeered him in the midst of his torments, tionary War. To this day Hamilton's and was never known to spare one of his name is held in abhorrence by some of ■ . race that fell into his hands except Ken¬ the descendants of the original settlers in ton, whom he saved from torture and Western Pennsylvania. ! ■ A It w'as on the occasion of the Whisky burning. I11 liis speech in the Indian • council in behalf of his friend he said lie Insurrection that Washington was at never before had asked the favor of a Bedford for a day or two, and this is the white mail’s life and never would again. only time he ever was here except as a It took repeated speeches and all Ins narf nf the Forbes expedition in 1758, and authenticated statements from parties j Smith, known as “Smith’s club of black- living in Raystown at the time of its hoys, ” and which, in 1769, released a happening, and for years prior to it have j similar club, having like objects as bis settled that matter. It was not in a own, from Fort Bedford, in which they place that could be termed a “ narrow | had been imprisoned for an act, similar defile in the mountains,” nor was the to the one in question, performed by “train” in motion when “surprised.” them in that year, in Cumberland—now A halt had been made at the spring for Bedford county—-(Vide Smith’s Narra¬ rest and refreshment at noon-day, and tive, 1799, pp, 119-136) concurrent events while the “cattle” were feeding and the and traditional testimony do not cor¬ men, probably six or eight in number, roborate the opinion held by some that were eating their dinners the attack was such is the case. In fact there is no made. room for doubting the claim of his de¬ In regard to the three several theories scendants that Col. Smith was himself that have, at various times in the years the principal owner of the packing train between then and now, been advanced that was destroyed in the “ Bloody-Run as to the animus and personnel of the at¬ massacre,” and that it was his hired tacking party, it is now uniformly ac¬ : men in charge, that ware driven off, and cepted by local historians, that the as¬ his horses that were slain. sault was one purely for plunder, made by a company of disguised white men— These “ Black Boys,” of Smith’s, I a clear case of highway robbery. came into existence, as did the vigilance The popular tradition, in vogue at committees of early California, from a later day, that the plunderers were the exigencies of the times, and they Indians, is exploded by the fact that carried out in good faith, their avowed none of the train men were killed or purpose of affording to the early settlers, taken prisoners. Had the savages been the redress and protection they needed, the aggressors, their first demonstration and which the colonial government would have been upon the lives of the could not always guarantee, from mer¬ men, if they could not have taken them cenary parties who were carrying on an prisoners. | 1 unnatural and illicit traffic with hos¬ The Indian of that day was far more tile savage tribes, who were their known chivalric and had a higher sense of enemies, furnishing to them material of honor than have the demoralized hordes war, which enabled them the more of his descendants of the present time. readily and successfully to engage in Indians would have preferred the pris¬ predatory and murderous incursions on oners, and the scalps of their slain foes the settlements. The visitations of to the! plunder, had a choice between the these “Black-Boys” meant total de¬ two been necessary, and they would struction to the goods of the illegiti¬ have regarded it a stain upon their hon¬ mate traders. The Bloody-Run robbers or as warriors, to have come out of the r destroyed nothing that they could make foray, without bearing with them, as off with, and carried everything away they coukl have done, these trophies of that they could carry. their prowess and victory. The “train” broken up and pillaged | The “packers” were overpowered or at Bloody-Run, was engaged in legal put to flight by superior numbers, but traffic ; was conveying presents from the none of them were killed. Such of the rightful Sovereign of the Colonies—the | horses as could not be run off, were King of —for treaty purposes, 1 slaughtered, evidently to retard the car¬ and to Indian tribes, friendly to and at rying of tidings of the disaster, by their peace with His Majesty's subjects. Con¬ ' owners or drivers, to the fort at Rays- nected with this were personal ventures town, or that at Lyttleton, the nearest of legitimate trade, Col. Smith himself ■ points of succor. without doubt, being the interested 1 While the query is, to say the least of . party or at least one of them. it, plausible, as to whether the maraud¬ These statements exhibit the differ¬ ing party was not composed of reputa¬ ence in the causes for and the animus of ble men, acting as a vigilance commit¬ the incursions in the several cases, above tee, similar to that which existed years referred to, and furnish the arguments later, under the leadership of Col. James m favor of the generally accepted opin- , ■■ _ Wisel The State, or Province—a»s it then thence its course down the hill: was—of Pennsylvania, at least all of ,it north-westerly direction, crossing the west of the Great Cove Mountain, was run—Bloody-Run—north of Howard’s traversed by narrow roads, and these Mill, then coursing up the hill, to where few and far between, cut through the is now Everett Rail Road Station, it thickets and underbrush, over the rocks goes south-westward, skirting the sink¬ and ridges, and in the glens, and by the ing spring beyond the glass works, and dark and treacherous swamps. These nearing the river beyond the “ Yellow roads were called “packer’s paths,” be¬ House,” now, with very considerable cause, over them goods of all kinds— improvements, Mr. Trimbath's green iron, salt, powder, lead, flints and the one, it passes on through tbe Mt. Dal¬ general merchandise of the day, were las Gap’on, by “ Hartley’s,” toward the carried on pack saddles, which were west. placed on the backs of the “cattle ’’and It was at the intersection of this path the goods loaded thereon, and this mode with the run, on the Culbertson tract, of transportation—wagoning being for north-east of the location of Howard's the time, impracticable—was termed mill, near the “'big spring,” now Con¬ “packing,” and the drove .of burdened nelly's, that the battle was fought. animals which, in single file, traversed Continued next week.]

these narrow, secluded ways, accompa¬ Written for The Leader. nied by a-few men to drive, guard and HISTORY care for them, was designated a “ train.” of the Town of Bloody-Run, Bedfoid The main, southern route was by the County, Penn’a. path connecting the chain of forts : BY DR. CHARLES N. HICKOK. Loudon, Lyttleton, Kaystown—Bed¬ ■ , , ■ ford—Ligonier and Pitt, with intersec¬ Continued. tions, somewhat later, through the Varied and conflicting statements— “Big Cove”—McConnell’s—Path'Valley verbal and traditional in the main— and, on the south side of the Kaystown have come down to ns in regard to the Branch, towards Friend’s Cove, through affair that gave the name of Bloody-Run the Hmouse, Koontz and Nycum settle¬ to this stream and, for many years, to ment, in the neighborhood of what is the town that grew up on either side of now Ashcom’s Mill: Connecting the it. The following, published at the region of Hancock, Md., with Kays¬ time in a London newspaper is doubtless town, in 17(30 changed to Bedford. the correct version of the occurrence, A more northern, eastern and western though incorrect as to the surrounding route connected. Harris’ Ferry, now circumstances. This need not, how¬ Harrisburgh, via Fort Hunter, on the ever, seem surprising in a rumor earned Susquehanna, Great Island, Granville, from the wilds of America to England Standing Stone—Huntingdon—Franks- in 1765 by a mode of communication j.town and , also with Fort consuming three months in making the Pitt and other west and north-west de¬ distance. Statements of incidents in fensive points. our time, by telegraph or daily mail, are The southern route ran directly often less accurate as to details. The through what is now Everett, and, announcement in the paper referred to though obliterated at some points, it is is as follows, viz: “The convoy of readily discernable to-day. Its course, eighty horses, loaded with goods, chiefly from the “ Old Crossings,” maybe trac¬ on His Majesty’s account, as presents ] ed, with little effort, until it comes out to the Indians, and on account of In¬ to the turnpike west of the “ Barndol- dian traders, was surprised in a narrow lar Barn,” east of Everett, then turn. and dangerous defile in the mountains by a body of armed men. A number of ing in, back of the Stuckey, Moore and the horses were killed, and the, whole of j) Masters residence,the Methodist church the goods carried away by the plunder¬ and parsonage and ,J. J. Barndollar's ers. The rivulet was dyed with blood residence, it forms the Hopewell road and ran into the settlement below, car¬ from in front of the Presbyterian rying with it the stain of crime upon its church, past the house of Scott Lysing- surface. ” er.Prof.Hughes and Albert Whetstone's, There is no room for doubt as to the point where the melee took place. Well 1.1; f « Written far The Leader. less obliteration. ' 1 " HISTORY I am especially indebted for many of the. Town of Bloody-Run, Bedford valuable items of information, as to oc¬ County, Penn’a. currences, dates of incidents, as we.ll as to the personnel of the early settlement, BY DR. CHARLES N. HICKOK. to the late James M. Barndollar ; In compliance with the request of the also to Col. Joseph IV. Tate, now of editor of Tiie Everett Leader, that Bedford ; Hon. C. W. A , Thomas I would furnish for publication in his Davis, Esq. and Messrs. Nicholas N. columns, a series of papers on the early Koontz, John C. Black and J. B. Wil¬ history of the town of Bloody-Run, in liams, of Everett, the latter gentleman, order that the events, reminiscences and though of a younger generation, having- legends of that historic locality, as ham¬ had the information of early day occur¬ let. village and borough, may not be ob¬ rences, from years of intimate associa¬ literated, as its name, wisely or unwise¬ tion with the late Hon. Jacob Barndol¬ ly,—which point of controversy we will lar who was a native and proud- 1 not,, in this connection, discuss—has nent citizen of Bloody-Run, from its been' I have undertaken the task, well earliest days as a town, until his death. knowing the difficulties encompassing What has been gathered from these i the way of the conscieneious recorder personal sources—and it is entirely re- : of actual event, as contradistinet from liable—will be the subject of future pa- j local rumor, narrative, or tradition, pers. The present will be devoted to j which have come down through, several the earliest incident relative to the ■’> generations, with all the adornments place commonly spoken of as the “ Bat- j j and embellishments of successive imag¬ tie of Bloody-Run,” and to the topogra-I' inations. As remarked by the writer of this pa¬ phy of the situation at the time of its per, in the preface to his history of Bed¬ occurrence. ford county, prepared in 1876 for Dr. The popular impression of this bat¬ Egle's “History of Pennsylvania,” and tle, or “massacre” as it is sometimes published in that year, “ while what has termed, is widely in error, inasmuch as been here recorded as history is, as we I there was not a single human being think, reliable, many things interesting, killed or, so far as has ever been record- if only they could have been proven true, ed, wounded ; only horses and mules have been rejected, because the author I “7 cattle ” ris they were designated in was not sure upon which side of the .. those days—having been slain. The doubtful line, that divides romance from narrative of this rencontre will, in the history, they were located—” So tire main, be that as contained in the His¬ same rule will govern in the present tory of Bedford County before meiition- narrative, and what shall, be here stated, | ed. as of historic occurrence, will be only I The reason this series is begun with that duly authenticated, and that which allusion to this particular event, in is traditional, or legendary shall be so j preference to others is, as before Muted designated at, that, in chronological order, it an: e- Sources'of information, such as exist | dates all we .shall have to say of the in the State and County Archives, may town or citizenship of Bloody Run and lie implicitly relied upon. These, so also from the fact that the town derived far as they relate to our present subject, its mime and individuality from the I have availed myself of. Then I have occurrence and incidents connected fortunately been able to obtain valuable therewith. and reliable documentary and verbal ev¬ In order to the better understanding idence from gentlemen, natives of the of the occurrence, it must be premised locality, who were contemporaneous tnat the region hereabouts, now teem¬ with it at a verj early day. ing with inhabitants and homes, fields The data thus acquired, it is especial¬ and orchards and a thousand evidences ly important to place on record, as, oth¬ of thrift and comfort, was in 17(>5, a erwise, only the lives of the individuals dense and wide-spread wilderness, with referred to stand between the pres¬ t , only, at rare intervals, an isolated cabin ervation of these facts and their hope- its clearing of a few acres It is worthy of remark that all of the wide influence in the annals of the county above-mentioned houses far surpass in and country during their early history. eleganoe and substantiality the average He was building his new stone house— residences erected here during later years. now Mrs. George Smith’s “Poplar Grove” Some of them, especially the earlier, have —at the time of the insurrection, and in them wood-work that is marvelous for moved into it in 1795, and lived there un¬ beauty, and firm as when finished, over a til his death in 1810. hundred years ago. For instance, there The above statement as to both com¬ are in the Bedford hotel several mantle- mandants’ headquarters is of undoubtable pieces that would, if known of, create a authenticity. The right wing of the army furor among lovers of the antique, so ex¬ of 12,950 men, numbering about 6,000, were quisite are the carvings and ornamenta¬ encamped on Col. Davidson’s property, tions. But I have digressed. now Davidson’s, Horn’s, and Alsip’s, and Now, as to the stopping-place of Presi¬ also on the Barclay farm, and part re¬ dent Washington and staff at the time of mained at Hartley’s at Mt. Dallas. the “whisky insurrection” in 1794. The The distinguished party who came here Philadelphia Press and other papers have on the 19th of October, 1794, with Wash¬ it that “a portion of the old house was the ington were his Secretary of War, Gen. commandant’s headquarters in Fort Bed¬ Henry Kuox; Secretary of the Treasury, ford when the whisky insurrection broke Gen. Alexander Hamilton, afterward kill¬ out in Western Pennsylvania in 1794.” ed in a duel by Aaron Burr; Judge Rich¬ This is incorrect. There was no Fort Bed¬ ard Peters, of the District ford in 1794. It had gone to decay long Court; Gov. Henry Lee, of Virginia; Gov, before that time. The ‘‘King’s house” Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania; Gov. had been a village inn, at that time, forr Richard Howell, of New Jersey; Gov. at least a decade of years, and continuedi Thomas E. Lee, of Maryland; aud Gen. so, with its several additions, as the , of Virginia. Judge Peters ‘Risiug Sun”—with its quaint swinging and Gen. Morgan were probably not here, sign, representing a gilded sun, with but with the left wing of the army at Fort quizical eyes, nose, and mouth, com¬ Cumberland. The Presidential party stop¬ ing up through the mountain gap east ped on the night of October 18-19 at Hart¬ of town—until 1853. While some of the ley’s place, Mt. Dallas, on their way to officers of the expedition were doubtless Bedford. quartered at the “Rising Sun”—for every The above is, I believe, history, and, so tavern and private house in town had, for far as it goes, the veritable history, of tliep the time being, its guests—Washington building aud uses of the “Old Fori was the guest of David Espy at the Espy House,” Bedford. | mansion, now Mowry’s, with his head¬ My article is longer than I intended; but quarters in the second story front room, it could not well be abridged. The diffi¬ and his chamber in the room immediately culty has not been to obtain data enough, in the rear of it. Gen. Arthur 8t. Clair, but to decide what not to use, from my the first prothcnotary of Bedford county, accumulated papers, on this interesting had his office in the same building in 1771. subject. I thought once, since the fire, of When Washington, with the accompany¬ putting what is here condensed, with ing members of his cabinet, returned to many other interesting historical and le¬ the seat of Government, he left Gen. Henry gendary incidents, into a lecture for the Lee, of Virginia—“Light Horse Harry” benefit of some of our worthy local enter¬ of revolutionary fame and father of the prises—the cemetery, for instance—but, at confederate general, R. E. Lee—in com¬ your request, have decided to give to the mand, and he—Lee—was the guest of public this synopsis through the papers of Capt. Hugh Barclay, grandfather of the the borough. Charles N. Hickok. present Barclay family, at his home that stood at the corner of Pitt and Thomas streets, where is now the residence of THE LEADER Mrs. George Shuck. Lee was really the BY THE LEADER COMPANY commandant and reached Bedford in ad¬ vance of the Presidential party. Capt. JOHN C. CHAMBERLAIN, Barclay was commissary under Washing- Editor and Publisher. t ton at Valh Forge in 1776, and a man of issrh; "C ■ - r . . —- flh pod’s. h°m ave, witn |er 1758, when indubitable lstorystatesWK'y fort Col. Washingtonyv aouiugw..- came to- the Yl<| KPBBUCAB.'W® INQUIRER. Winchester, where he had rendezvoused in command of the Virginia, Maryland^ and hi orth Carolina provincial troops JOHN L UTZ, . proprietors. W- C. SMITH, Gen. Forbes’ foroes. Col. Boquet, B- F. MANN, who was, for the time being, command ant at the fort, had rendezvoused here Terms, with the Pennsylvania provincial troops, and iD early September Gen. Forbes him¬ BEDFORD, FA., JAN- 8, 1886. self who had been detained at Carlisle y illness, marched with the British regulars AXCIEXT BCIMJWGS. and joined Washington at Bedford, and and ! HIMorr Of Ihe Old “Kins’* Honse’ from thence proceeded with the entire, oiber Structures of Revolution army of more than 9,000 men to relief ary l>»ys. the beleaguered garrison at Fort Duquesn^ To the Editors BepuUitan and Inquirer: They—that is, Forbes, Washington, an Since the destruction by Are of Be - Boquet—with their commands, havinj ford’s most interesting relic-the old fort vanquished the enemies of Great Bntia house—I have observed in the boroug and terminated the French and India! and other papers sundry articles relating war, returned to the east, and at Bedlor thereto, which I wish to review, not their troops, numbering 8,000 men, wed spirit of hypercriticism, but to set < history right, inasmuch as the articles reviewed. The fort, within which stood the “Kmf; t referred to are more or less incorrect, an house,” was a pentagon in shape, Witt the present, when public attention has salient points at each angle, ana been so unfortunately called to the old ( made by digging trenches in the ea. t fabric and its associated incidents, seems ( about four feet in depth and plantar to be the opportune time to make record therein logs or palisades about sixI'M the nearest possible to the truth. feet in length, ends up and closely imp^i The date of the erection of the King s ed together. In its earliest days it w House,” the name by which the centra , known as the ‘‘Fort at Raystown.’ In la j log portion of the building in question the letters, orders, and other officia 1, was known in colonial days, was not in pers of the commandants, and of omc^ 1758-59, as has been stated, bu eai ier. pers oi sue -- . with forces temporarily encamping h The evidence is conclusive that it was , j i_4- UTtWfr. at V,/ei were alwaysways uawudated asaa at “Fort at F ^0 standing in 1755, and probably it was SinV the first year of the French town” or “Camp at Raystown,” uf^ 1759. Gen. Stanwix, encamped at and Indian war. This was in the mgn fort in August of that year, on his wi , of George II of England, and six yea protect the northwest frontier on La before George III, the oppressor of the Erie, dated his letters and orders at J?/0 American colonies, ascended the throne Bedford” and “Bedford,” and then iai It was in constant occupation by the I I thereafter we uniformly find similar doc British forces until the close of that war I ^ n , .n‘Bedforc L>rM' 1 and thereafter, tor several years, as meats bearing date of nucleus of defense against the Indians. Bedford.” i| At the outbreak of the Kiyasuta i I It is traditional that a detachment Pontiac war in 1763, Col. Boquet . Braddock’s army tarried here m G5T. again at Fort Bedford with troops toj the march to the scenes of hm defea lieve the then commandant, Capt. Cu^ under command of Col. George Washing- and the forts farther west, from the tT derous attacks of the savages. Tam' t0It was related to me, more than forty years ago, by octogenarian residents of for thirty miles around had taken re Bedford, whose entire lives had been spen j in the fort, and about forty mdivh I Were slain and scalped on their way \ here, ibd who were consequently con¬ temporaneous with these early scenes ! er. This expedition extended to ^ that cn one of Washington s visits to the Pitt, which had been built on the ri^ “Raystown fort” his chaplain held Fort Duquesne. , church—church of Bngland^rvwe. m Stretching east from the King s iv, | the fort. Most likely the incident of the 1 fora distaiice_of_three Episcopal services referred 0(;cUrre t " r north and south. The variations of the enn street now is and the river, was compass since have made it and the town je “King’s orchard,” the last remaining about one and a quarter degrees out of a pple-tree of which stood in Jacob Bellin¬ true line. The stone for this building, as is ger’s backyard and went down from age also for the Espy house; the old Wash¬ | and decay in 1847. ington. burned in 1839; the Bedford j I The stone or north end of the “old fort hotel, built by Provost Smith, who laid a house” was built about 1790 by Mr. out the town of Huntingdon; Judge Proc¬ Wertz, who then owned what is now the tor’s house, now G. M. Anderson’s; the Bedford Springs property, and who built - Heyden house, now Miss Lyon’s, and the the stone mill still standing there; conse¬ Bank house, all built about 1767-80, was quently it could not have been at this quarried on the summit of the hill north “stone tavern” that the Rev. Dr. Dodridge of the river, on the Anderson property, stopped in 1776, when a boy, as related by commonly known as Bober’s hill. The - mi. Moreover, the old fort house was traces of the quarry are perceivable the' either plastered nor floored at that time, yet. The Bonnett house—now Purcell's— lit had a beaten clay floor, and the was built about the same time, and was logs, “chunked and daubed,” , pare burned and rebuilt in 1826. formed the wall. It was probably at The next oldest houses—after the Boquet ’the old “Washington” or one of th house—now standing are the “Funk tav¬ other stone houses then standing that Dr. ern,” now Daniel Miller’s; the “Nawgel Dodridge stopped. The south or brick tavern,” late Anthony Stiffler’s, now Dr. portion of the building was erected by Calhoun’s, on West Pitt street, and the Yhomas Moore, grandfather cf Walter F. “Anderson tavern,” now William Kiser’s, foore. in 1812, and the entire building on East Pitt street. Contemporaneous y’as used by him as a tavern. Thomas with these two was the long, two-storied, loore was the brother-in-law of the late log and weather-boarded building that lonorables David and Job Mann. Capt. was torn down a few years ago to give ifllrew Mann, father and grandfather of place to the block in which is the Me- §fe above, was at onetime commandant of Culloh hall, corner of Pitt and Richard ue fort. He is buried near Warfords- streets. This was built in 1766 by Thomas urg, Fulton county. Anderson, great-grandfather of the pres¬ The oldest house now in Bedford, since ent Audersons. The old Hartley house burning of the “King’s house,” is at Mt. Dallas was of about the same date. he ’ Boquet house—Adam Cam’s. It The first brick houses built in the town vas built prior to 1758, in which year is were the one that is now the “Farmer’s incertain, and there is to day no more home,” on East Pitt, built by Dr. John ubstantial house in the town. It was Anderson, sou of Thomas, and the old lit by Capt. Lems, one of the earliest 1 part of the late John Alsip’s residence, in umandants at the fort, and was proba- the “West End,” built by Col. Davidson, \ y known as Boquet’s house from that grandfather of John, sr., who was a man Cj leer having his headquarters in it dur- of importance and influence in provincial one or all of his tarry ings here. It public affairs in aute-revolutionarv times. if ^afterward known for a hundred These buildings were erected during the kge . Js as the Woods house. Capt. Lems last quarter of the last century, the exact it to Judge Woods on his return to date not known. ’fland. Other houses that are regarded as an¬ le Boquet house is referred to by cient—notably the Russell; Dr. Hofius.now John Penn, in 1765, in his order to Harry’s; Riddle, now Barton house; i surveyor-general, John Lukens, when Judge Walker, the old part of what is now y J directed him to lay out “the town to Union hotel; Schell, now Odd Fellow c TEi’aUpdcalled Bedford, with the streets at hall; and the old Allegheny Bank of Bed¬ ' angles and parallel with Col. ford house, now John Anderson’s office— net’s house,” which was done June. were all built 1812-16. Judge Walker was ' 7, 1766. This explains why the the father of Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec¬ Saouse” stood at an eccentric angle retary of the Treasury, and United States he town. The fort house antedated Senator from Mississippi. He was brought her by several years, and Capt. Mill that house. *d made his house to stand Barclay was - " Vnr^e 1U„ end, _exterously ^ __ slip i off elm' childhood’s home. Men have, with ^ make about one hundred vessels that Id held two gallons each. In the unrestful perseverance, searched to tree they would cut a notch with a tomahawk and drive a long- chip into the the earth’s remotest bound for some I opening to carry the water out from the tree and permit it to drip into the bark ves¬ coveted object, and wearied with their I sels. This liquid they boiied until they se¬ cured sugar. There is no record of the exist¬ fruitless efforts, have returned from] ence of dyspepsia among the Indians, or iu fuct any other stomachic trouble. Rheu¬ their wanderings, venting their cui matism seemed the commonest affliction. It was treated heroically. A sweat-house bono of disappointment, to proclaim I was constructed by sticking a number of hoops in the ground, each hoop forming their eureka on the spot where their | a semicircle, and all covered with blankets and skins. At the fire, stones were heated to heads were rocked in the cradles ofr an intense degree and rolled into the house, when the afflicted warrior creeped in. A their infancy. Human hearts have I kettle of hot water in which a mixture of herbs was steeped was handed, and then all llaunched their argosies of hope on| apertures in the structure closed with blaukets and skins. The rheumatic poured the ocean of life, and have discovered! the water on the stones and a dense cloud of steam arose. In this improvised Russiau bath the golden fleece of their desire at theB the Indian would remain from fifteen to twenty minutes. Relief was generally ob¬ point from which they embarked.[ tained. DRUNKENNESS AMONG THE BRAVES. With the pertinacity of the sleuth- French brandy was a stimulant to which Smith found the Indians were devotedly at¬ hound after its prey, men, in the pur¬ tached. A trader who had a few kegs in his stock could make a deal lor all the beaver suit of happiness have— skins an Indian village owned. Once the Compassed nature, far and near; warriors obtained the liquor, they proceeded On mountain wild, in desert drear; to go on a spree in a systematic manner. A council was held to decide who should get Mid polar snows; on burning sands; drunk. When these were designated—fortu¬ And charming scenes of fairy lands. nate fellows they were considered—a guard or squad of policemen were chosen to remain Traversed the trackless ocean o’er ; perfectly sober and take care of the revelers, Stood on Italia’s classic shore ;- keep from them tomahawks, clubs or any On isles where birds, iu plumage gay, weapon with which they might do harm. Preliminaries arranged, the bacchanalian Spoit mid the trees the livelong day ; festival was opeued. With a deep wooden In mines of gems; on coral strands; spoon each participant in the orgie went to a Where pearls lie hid in golden sands; kettle in which the brandy had bee n poured and took a dip. This was continued in rota¬ Wandered mid ruined piles, and read tion, songs, shouts and dances being sand¬ The records of the mighty dead ; wiched between waits until the gang were bowiing drunk. Day and night they would Drank at the well of science; knelt keep up the spree, trading this, that or any¬ At beauty’s shrine: with power dwelt; thing the European speculator would accept With reason’s torch, on fancy’s wing, iu exchange for more brandy. When he I thought he had enough of the bargain the Flew to the utmost echoing trader would move on. An inventory would Of chiming spheres and, raptured, heard show that warriors were crippled, noses The music of the seraph world. broken, breasts slashed, heads sore, squaws as groggy as the old stagers, and all the vil¬ Scanned the whole realm, earth, sea and lage wealth gone. Peace, quiet and the in¬ sky; fluence of a stringent liquor law reign now in lied lord. 3. T. M. Dived to the deepest mystery ; Quaffed every cup that wealth could buy, In hope to find_ Some precious boon to satisfy LECTURE The mind— and have found it at last, where they ON THE might have found it before they start- • ed, had they sought for it,—-just he-! Early History of Bedford County. side them and within reach of their hand. BY DR. CHARLES N. HICKOK. My audience will have divined that, by these brief introductory re¬ DELIVERED BEFORE THE TEACHERS’ COUNTY INSTITUTE, AT EVERETT, DECEMBER 1, 1881. marks, I have intended to suggest that we of Bedford County have the proclivity of our race in general, to he | It has oftentimes happened that an deluded and attracted by the “distance ’ individual has roamed the entire that lends enchantment to the view,’ world, and consumed years in the and our citizens and neighbors, in vain pursuit of that, which on his re¬ common with other citizens and turn, he found beneath the lintel and neighbors, are continually making beside the hearth-stone of his own desiring to make, pilgrimages to re* mote localities in nm^pwn or other ever it was changed. But I am re- lands ; to Visit places of hoary mem¬ called from this digression ^ ories, and are sometimes surprised by recollection that your programme has strangers with interrogotary intima¬ announced a Lecture on the History tions that we have left behind us at of Bedford County. So far as the home, and have all our lives been un¬ possible adaptation of the subject to consciously associated with facts, and one evening’s entertainment is con¬ incidents, and history, marvellous as cerned, the am ju cement might al¬ romance and “stranger than fiction.” most as well have read, History of We to the “manner born” stand over the World. One has no idea of the relics of antiquity which, perchance, fruitfulness of the theme, the wide ex¬ in future years, stranger hands shall tent of the ground, until he has un- make excavations for. j dertaken to investigate the subject Our hitherto, and now, accessible and look up the necessary data. The vocabulary of historic events, and majority of my audience will, I fear, Jdeeds, and names, is becoming oblit- be incredulous, when I inform them r erated by the corroding tooth of time; that the material in my possession, u the deep-sunken letters are wearing > touching the history of the county, out by the incessant rains, and frosts, I would, properly elaborated, make six and suns of passing years ; and unless or eight hundred closely printed, large some second pious, patient Old Mor¬ I? octavo pages. tality shall soon come to the rescue, The facts and incidents associated the inscriptions, many of which it is with but one limited locality, which not too late to re-engrave and restore, at an early day was known as Tussey’s will be forever lost. Years hence, Narrows, now Mt. Dallas Gap, would "when in the course of progress, ener- furnish subject matter for a full eve¬ "getic and thrifty Everett shall have ning’s entertainment. What conden¬ (become a great city, some prying sation then would be necessary in a archaeologist, in pursuing his antiqua¬ lecture on a county originally embra¬ rian researches, may upturn remains, cing a territory now occupied by some and decipher hieroglyphics of prehis¬ twenty counties and parts of counties, toric Bloody Run, and thus, per¬ and extending from the summit of chance, rescue the memory of one of the Cove or , and America’s Thermopylaes from oblivi- the west branch of the Susquehanna on. Already does the tourist doubt¬ on the east, to the and fully seek to know her locality, and Ohio line on the west; from the in his peregrinations, inquire of some Maryland and Virginia border on the ( fellow-traveler as to whether the old south, northward to the latitudinal town of Bloody Run, where the battle centre of the State. It will be evident! was fought, isn’t somewhere in the to you then, ladies and gentlemen,j neighborhood of Everett. I have, that-but a meagre, desultory -synopsis! more than once, had occasion to an¬ of the subject advertised, will fully swer such inquiries concerning the occupy—all the -time your--patience venerable hamlet whose fame one will accord me. hundred and sixteen years ago was The county of Bedford was created: t1 known on two continents, and though March 9, 1771, by an Act of the Gen- , tj the cognomen does not smack one eral Assembly of the ^Province ‘ off~e particle of euphony, and is suggestive Pennsylvania, entitled an act for 9 of carnage, I confess I have, for the erecting a Dart of the countv of Cum ^ association’s sake, often regretted that

offfl ihy— ■ y 7 berland into a separate county. This a. X o - 4 Ul b was in the eleventh year of the reign Bedford was erected in the latter part of King George the III. of England. of that year, or earl}' in 1759. Robert'McCrea, William Miller, Rob¬ 1 >vJir September, 1758, Gen. Forbes, ert Moore, George Woods and William wifM-\CpL Boquet and Col. George Washington, and 2,700 ‘ troops were ! Elliott were the commissioners ap¬ pointed by the King to run. mark out and distinguish the lines between the new county and Cumberland,, hanna, -Nov. 1, on theirmarch to Fort from which it was cut off. Some of DuQuesne. The next year, and these names we shall have occasion thereafter, all similar papers, as far as to mention again, as intimately linked I can discover, bear date of Fort Bed- with the'early History of the county. jford. On their return eastward, hav¬ The" area of the county once so im¬ ing routed the forces of the French mense has been gradually restricted, |: and terminated the struggle between by the erection .of France and England, in the Valley of, county in 1772, Westmoreland in the Ohio, the victorious allied army 1778, Huntingdon in 1787, Somerset j of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsyl¬ in 1795, Cambria in. 1804, Blair in vania, numbering some eight thous- 1846, and Fulton in 1850. All of and men, were reviewed at Raystown.f these counties, excepting the two lat¬ Their orders and other official pa- lj pers, letters, etc., when on their wa v I ter, have" since been divided and sub¬ divided until the twenty counties, a to Fort DuQuesne, as also on their re-1 few ’ ininutes ago referred to, have turn, were dated at Fort at Raystown. P grown out of our original Bedford Col. Washington was'quartered in the! county. fort house. This house and others ofM The name of Bedford was given to contemporary date are still in good ,4 the county from the ;town of Bedford, repair. The fort house was always?# which'was selected as the county seat. termed the King’s house, and the; , The town wa§‘" evidently so called stretch of land east from it for three of^ ■ from tlie Fort there located. '' This the present squares, and between the name was assigned to "the town by now Penn St. and the river was called j ; Go vV John Penn, when, by his ~ order the King’s Orchard. The last apple; I to his Surveyor-General, John Lukens, tree of the orchard went down from* decay in 1847. it was laid out in 17661 The Fort was called Fort Bedford as early as In 1763, during what was called' 1759, or earlier. Before this date it the Kiyasuta and Pontiac war, (a pre¬ was' called the Fort at Raystown. concerted uprising of the Indian There, had been, certainly, forts at tribes, conceived and planned by Ki¬ Raystown before the one erected dur¬ yasuta, chief of the Senacas and Pon¬ ing the latter part of the reign of King tiac, of the Ottawas,) Col. Boquetj^ George the II., and which was called again marched westward through Bed- Bedford, no doubt, in honor of one of ford to the relief of Fort Pitt, which;1 the Dukes of the house of Bedford in had been built on the ruins of Ft. England. ' This was before 1759, DuQuesne destroyed in the campaign! hardly earlier than 1755. •••All letters five years before. The history of this! or military orders that 1' have been wards thrilling in its interest, but its able.to discover prior'to 1758,-are da¬ length precludes its introduction here I ted- at • Raystown, Fort • -at ■ Raystown, except so much as relates to my sub¬ or Camp at Raystown;' therefore' I ject. All the forts, Bedford among I ; the rest, were in imminent danger. ’ lie inhabitants were flocking from The act of 1771, erectingthe county all directions to the forts for protec¬ appointed “Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Ber¬ tion. Volunteers were collected from nard Dougherty, Esq., Thomas Coul¬ Bedford and other localities. Fort ter, William Procter, and George r Ligonier was in great danger. Capt. Woods, gentlemen; or any of them, Currie, a Scotchman, who commanded to purchase and take assurance to at Fort Bedford, had promptly sent them and their heirs of a piece of twenty volunteers, good marksmen land situate in some convenient place to its aid. They were intercepted by in said town, (Bedford), in trust and the savages, hut by making a sally, for the use of the inhabitants of said reached the fort unhurt by the random county, and thereon to erect and build shots of the Indians. Fort Bedford a court house and prison, sufficient to was in a ruinous condition at the accommodate the public service of time, although re-inforced by the gar- said county, and for the use and con- - risons >of Forts Loudon and Lyttleton, veniency of the inhabitants.” j which were.abandoned for that .pur¬ In pursuance of the foregoing, a pose. The families, for thirty miles purchase was made and the deed re¬ S around had collected here for . safety corded as the “Deed of James Mc- ^ as soon , as the alarm ^reached, them. Cashlin to Arthur St. Clair, Bernard | Many did Pot succeed in reaching the Dougherty, George Woods, and Wil¬ fort._X. SomeO An forty were slainl nr n andnnrl liam Procter, Esquires, and Thomas t scalped, and others carried into hope Coulter, gentleman, trustees appointed less captivity. For some reason the, by the General Assembly of the Indians did not attack the fort, which Province to erect a jail and court was fortunate for those in it, as there house in the county of Bedford, for were but few to defend it. In the Lot No. 6, bounded partly by the | meantime two companies of infantry public square, dated November 10, | from Col. Boquet’s advancing army 1771; consideration, one hundred arrived, and it was safe. On July 25, pounds.” The lot No. 6, referred to, I Col. Boquet, with the rear of the army is that now owned and occupied by h reached Bedford and made his head- Mrs. Samuel H. Tate, on the northeast ?£ quarters at the large new stone house corner of the square. Why the per¬ II opposite the fort house. It was there- manent public buildings were not r after known as Boquet’s house, and placed there, as evidently first intend- Gov. John Penn so termed it when in ed. and were built in the northwestern i"f 1766, three years afterward, he gave quarter of the square itself, is not [ i his orders to his Surveyor-General to| now, and probably never will be * lay out the streets of Bedford parallel known. There was however, a tem¬ ^ and at right angles with Col. Bo¬ porary building, or buildings, of logs, quet’s house. The house is said to placed on this lot (No. 6 ) and used have been built in 1758, by a Captain for public purposes while the perma¬ Clemm, and owned by him when Bo¬ nent stone structure was in. slow pro¬ quet was quartered in it. It has for a cess of erection. The log cabin, or hundred years been known as the pen, used as the jail, (it stood about A “ Woods Mansion,” being their prop- where the Inquirer printing office now c erty. There is no stauncher house in is, back from the street,) would now (the town to-day. Gov. Penn’s order be considered a curiosity. It was a * explains why the old fort house is not a square pen, built of hewn logs, ■ parallel with the balance of the town about ten feet high, with hipped roof i. It was built some years before. of clapboards, having no windows or 'V : " doors, nor other means of ingress or j ti- - 4 * I - «,■ mm ? rocter, jr., Robert Cluggage, Robert character becoming rath- ■ Hanna, George Wilson, Wm. Lochery, er defined, he came iarther into and Wm. McConnell, Esquires. The the wilderness. While ministering at other Justices appointed and com¬ Berlin, now in Somerset county, the missioned by George III. with evil reports followed him, and one of i these, were John Frazer, Bernard his elders, Glessner by name, I be¬ Dougherty, Arthur St. Clair, W m. lieve, having undertaken to speak Crawford, James Milligan, Thomas with him about the reports, Spongen- Gist, Dorsey Penticosfc, Alex. McKee, . berg, in a passion, stabbed him, some,,, and George Woods. say at the foot of the pulpit stairs, The first commissioners were Rob¬ -- -r others in the yard in front of the. ert Hanna, Dorsey Penticost, and house of worship, and killed him. John Stevenson. He was brought to Bedford, tried, The first Grand Jury were James convicted and executed. The Bedford courts have condemned I Anderson, Charles Cessna, James Mc- but one other criminal to death, if I Cashlin, Thomas Kenton, Allen Rose, am not mistaken, viz: Rice, who was ^ George Milliken, John Moore, Robert executed in 1840 for the murder of Culbertson, George Funk, John Huff, young McBirney, on Rays Hill. Rinard Wolf, Valentine Shadacer, A soldier—-a German tailor—-had Thomas Hay, Samuel Drennin, Ed¬ been hung at Bedford by military ^ ward Rose, Samuel Skinner, William law, somewhere about 1760, tradition Parker, Christopher Miller, Thomas says he was hanged on a tree about Croyal, Adam Sam, Jacob Fisher and I where the Episcopal Church now David Rinard. stands. The story used to be told by . Wm. Procter was first Sheriff, Ar¬ the old residents, as an instance of thur St. Clair, the American General recklessness and bravado uncommon of revolutionary fame, was appointed in those days, that he went to the gal¬ first prothonotary, recorder, and clerk lows with his clay pipe in Ms mouth, of court, by Gov. Penn, March 12, 1771, and deputy register of wills on having refused to allow the black cap the 18th of the same month by Ben. to be drawn over his face, and when Chew, Register General. His office , the cart on which he rode having been in 1771-72 was in the old back build¬ "j driven from under him—the rope broke, his first exclamation was, “dere, ing formerly in the rear of the Espy house, now the residence of John A. you proke mine bipe !” I give these Mowery. The early deeds on record incidents in passing, not as history, though the probabilities are that they in the offices at the court house are are true—but as instances of the tra¬ well worth getting a sight of. One of them is from a John Hardin to John ditions of the times. Hardin, jr. The consideration “nat¬ The early courts of the county were not held as now, by “men learned in ural love and affection,” for his lands, the law,” but by “Justices of our negroes, stock, &c. Another is a deed I Lord, the King,” as was the phrase, from three Indian chiefs, with unpro- “nominated by the Governor for the nouncable names, and queer marks, time being, and authorized by com¬ to Garrett Pendergrass, &c. missions under the broad seal of the The original townships, several of Province.” which will be recognized as belonging The first “Court of Quarter Sessions now to other localities, were Ayr, Bed¬ of the peace and Jail Delivery,” was ford, Cumberland, Barree, Dublin, held April 16, 1771, before William Colerain, Brother’s Valley, Fairfield, / egress, except a trap-door in the roof, a combination of all combined, with to which access was had by a ladder slatted windows on each of the four on the outside, and a movable ladder sides, and a square spire, terminated on the inside, which was taken away at the top by a rod, supporting on after the prisoner was landed on its cross-pieces, four hollow copper balls, earthen floor. The old logs still form indicating the four points of the com¬ part of a little house, in the vicinity pass. It is related of one of the old of “Gravel Hill,” whither it was re¬ citizens, Jacob Bonnett, Esq., who moved some sixty years ago. died many years since, as an eyidence The permanent court house and of his strength, that on one occasion prison, built on the portion of the he threw an axe with such force that public square in front of where the the edge split one of these balls, Lutheran Church now standsj was an hanging as it was, at an elevation of unusually extensive building for that seventy feet from the ground. day, being massively constructed of It was from the dungeon of this 1 the blue lime-stone ol the vicinity. jail, that David Lewis, the celebrated ' It was demolished in 1838, b}' order robber of central Pennsylvania, sixty- i| of the court, it having, from its situa- five years ago, made his escape by *-| tion, been declared a nuisance, after a cutting through the oak floor and ■ greater and less excusable nuisance burrowing out under the walls, and ■ had inconsistently been perpetrated, within twenty-four hours thereafter, I in the erection of the present public robbed a traveler on Rays Hill of a building on the opposite quarter of large sum of money, and finding the same square ; thus, so long as it himself pursued, after, (as was char¬ I shall be permitted to stand, deform¬ acteristic of this free-booter,.) having ing what is, otherwise, one of the given the money to‘a poor widow and i most beautiful town parks in the com¬ orphan children, partly in pity and monwealth. The old building was a partly to avoid its being found on his jail and court house combined. The 4 person, he joined, in disguise, his pur¬ jail, with its dark dungeon for con- suers, as one of the most earnest seek¬ ' victs, its cell for ordinary criminals, ers of the daring robber, and second- va and its debtors’ prison with a solita- i ed their efforts till they retired from }f’ ry heavily-grated window, occupied * the chase in discouragement. the lower story, to the left of the en- It was also from this jail that the 1 trance. The balance of the first floor, Rev.(?) Spongenberg was led to his ex- F to the right, was the jailor’s residence, i ecution, about one hundred years ago. i in the one-story wing of which, in He was the pastor of the German Re- early days, the elections were held. formed membership scattered through 0 The court room comprised the entire what is now Bedford, Fulton, Somer¬ ; ^ second story, and was entered by a set, Westmoreland and Fayette coun¬ t; long outside stair-case. In one cor¬ ties. The facts are, he was not a bona ner of the court room a winding flight , fide clergyman of the German Re- of steps led to the grand and other f formed Church. He had been an jury rooms, in the third story, or gar¬ army officer in the Prussian service, ret, under the high, steep roof, the and had fled to this country to escape light to which came through two win¬ the consequences of some wrong-do¬ dows at either gable end. Surmount- ing ; passed himself off (being a man L'r ing the center of the roof was a small of education) as a minister. He - j square cupola, belfry or spire being preached a while in what is now

* Franklin county, but suspicious 3BI P&|fentry™,500 Cavalry, and uoO Artil- ^eapect across The open" circle, the m JSlery, in all 12,950. The President highest one in the dome of the Capi¬ - was accompanied by Governors Lee, eg. tol at Harrisburg, some 18 feet, and of Virginia, Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, ^a] 80 feet from the floor. He was a mem¬ Howell, of New Jersey, Lee, of Mary- m. ber at the time, of the Legislature. land, and Gen. Morgan, of Virginia, ng In 1774, George Woods was dele¬ who commanded the volunteers from gate from Bedford to a convention the several States. With the Presi-.^p called to take action sympathizing dent was also Gen. Knox, Secretary ■ 54 with the citizens of Boston in their of War, and Gen. Alexander Hamil- rp resistance to British oppression, cul ton, Secretary of the Treasury, who< I1 minating in the emptying of the 342 J was afterward killed by Aaron Burr, n| l chests of tea into the harbor. In 1775, June 30, Justice Bernard in a duel. cl The President came by way of Har- ■ n. Dougherty was appointed member risburg, Carlisle, Chambersburg, \\ il- jc for Bedford county, of the State Com¬ liamsport and Cumberland, Maryland,1 j mittee of Safety, of which Beniamin at which latter, place he reviewed the u Franklin was President, Robert Mor¬ left Division of the army. On the 0 ris and other distinguished men mem¬ 19th of October he arrived in Bedford • <] bers. and remained three days, when find-i In the convention assembled in ing the rebellion had been checked, Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia, June by the insurgents submitting to law, 18, 1776, on call of a committee of he returned to the seat of government, ' i correspondence, to take measures to* leaving Gen. Lee to go on to .Union- | take the Pennsylvania government - town to arrange terms. During his from the hands of the Provincial au¬ stay in Bedford his headquarters were thorities, in compliance with the rec¬ in the Espy house. The table he ommendation of the Continental Con¬ wrote on, the chair he sat on, and the gress, of which Dr. Franklin, Colonel, . quilt under which he slept are still afterward Governor McKean, Dr. Rush in possession of the Anderson family, and other celebrities were members. ^ who are the direct descendants of Col. Col. David Espy, Samuel Davidson, " Espy and. Judge Woods. ancestor of the Bedford Davidsons, Many relics of war have been up- ^ and Col. John Piper were delegates ,| turned at Bedford at various times,. from. Bedford county. cannon balls, bombshells, grape and! We have not time, as we have not canister, &c. Two years ago a large ^ for a hundred other things that ought1 quantity of canisters for 12 pounders,. to be mentioned, to make this lecture filled with grape, were unearthed in: complete, to give a full account ofl laying water pipes, which must, from the whiskey insurrection of 1794, in the situation in which they were, Western Pennsylvania. It would found, have been left there either by ^ make a full and interesting lecture in Gen. Forbes’ army in 1758, or by Col. itself. I speak of it only to introduce | Boquet’s in 1763. They were found the important historical fact which it where Washington’s army did not en¬ was the cause of—the presence of camp in 1794. Gen. Washington, President and com- The early history of Bedford county - mander-in-chief of the armies of the is replete with the thrilling and fear-^ United States, at Bedford, with a large ! ful incidents usual to wild and peri-, army in command of Gen. Harry Lee, i lous border life, which, if narrated, Governor of Virginia. would make this sketch, although iti This army consisted of 11,000 In- *' —.- ^" d \ Pleasant, Hempfield, Pitt, now “One bowl of West India Rum toddy. Is, ft “ “ Continental, or other rum. Is Allegheny county, Tyrone, Spring “ “ Whisky. Is Each bowl to have 1 y2 pint of liquor. Hill, Rosstrevor, Armstrong, now 1V2 pint rum. 6d 1'/, pint W hisky. 6d Armstrong county, and Tullileague. Beer and cider per quart. 6d Dinner, Su per and breakfast, each. Is Before proceeding further I will Horse and hay per night.. 6d mention that the first settlement in The above to be the rates of tavern the region comprising the present expenses, and to be set up to public connty, that we have any authentic view in every tavern in the county account of, was in 1751, by one Ray, of Bedford. after whom Raystown, and the branch Done by the Court. of the Juniata were named. He Bernard Dougherty, Pres.” it j built, that year, three log cabins, on The taverns of Margaret Frazer, >.' and near the present site of Bedford. Fredric Nawgel and George Funk I But evidence I have already given were in Bedford town. The location ' in the Pendergrass deed mentioned, of the others I cannot give. The Fra¬ ‘ suggests that the land had been taken zer house, or cabin, stood on the east ie up before Ray became a squatter, as side of Richard Street, near the present h* 1 he would now be termed, on it. What iron bridge. It was here Wm. Frazer, became of Ray we have no means of the first white child w'as born. knowing. His name disappears at Tne Funk and Nawgel taverns are an early day. He was no connection still standing, on West Pitt St., and of the Reas of a later date. His name were famous in their day for their was R-a-y, their’s, R-e-a, and the fam¬ cheer for “man and beast.” That of ily of the latter name were not aware George Funk was the aristocratic inn, of any relationship. (hotels were not known then) and the The first attorney sworn in after headquarters for the judges, lawyers, the erection of the county, was Rob¬ and military officers. ert Magraw, at the first session of the The first Judge, “learned in the courts. April 16, 1771, on the motion law,” was Hon. James Riddle. He of Bernard Dougherty, one of the was uncle of Hon. James M. Russell, i Justices, there being no attorney to who practised law in Bedford for over ! make the motion. Afterwards, at fifty years. He subsequently removed 'f the same session, on motion of Mr. to Chambersburg, where he died in ! Magraw, Andrew Ross, Philip Pendle¬ 1838, at the age of 84. ton, Robert Galbraith, David Sample, The members, from Bedford county if1 and James Wilson, and at the ensuing of the convention which adopted the <■ term, July 16, same year, David Grier, constitution of Sept. 28, 1776, were David Espy and George Brent were Benjamin Elliott, Thomas Coulter, admitted. ancestor of the late Judge Coulter, of recommended to the Greensburg, John Burd, John Wil¬ icense as tavernkeepers kins, father of the late Judge William in 1771 were Margaret Wilkins, of Pittsburg, John Cessna,

Woods, George Funk, ancestor of the present Cessna con¬ : 1, Joseph Irwin, John nection of the county, Thomas Smith, l Paxton,- and Fredric and Joseph Powell. Nawgel. It will be interesting to The members of the convention of i know that the government fixed, in February 5, 1790, were Joseph Powell r- the licenses, a list of tavern rates. The and Gen. John Piper, of Yellow Creek. v following are the prices fixed by the ;v He was an athlete remarkable for his court of Bedford count1 exploits, one of which was that hej an

l !’■ ______— veritable history, seem a romance, j I experiences with and hairbreadth es¬ At the time of Col. Boquet’s pas- capes from their savage foes, the recital age with his army in 1763, until of which would rival the wild roman¬ 780, there were occasional outbreaks ces of “Cooper’s Leather-Stocking'1 of savage cruelty. These were espe¬ Tales.” cially frequent and terrible in 1763-64- ^ I give an extract from the Pennsyl¬ 65, and in ’67. The obliteration of \ vania Gazette of August 30, 1764, entire families and the dispersion and which incidentally explains the peri¬ destruction of settlements were ot lous state of affairs at the time. It frequent occurrence. says: “All appears quiet at present Three brothers of the name of along the frontier except about Bed¬ Moore, one of them the grandfather ford, where there are, according to in¬ of ex-Sheriff Hugh Moore, settled in telligence from thence, savages lying Snake : Spring Valley before 1763. | in wait for opportunity to do mischief.” Duripg one of the predatory excur- ,1 Gen. Boquet writes to Gov. Penn, Au¬ sions of the savages about that time, gust 25, 1764, as follows : “A party of the three brothers, with the family of thirty or forty Indians have killed, John, afterward associate Judge near Bedford, one Isaac Stimble, an Moore, the ancestor of the present industrious inhabitant of Ligonier, connection, started for refuge to Fort taken a train of horses loaded with j Bedford. One of the unmarried bro¬ merchants’ goods, and shot some cat-1 tie, after Col. Reed’s detachment passed thers' was overtaken by the Indians, the post.’ wounded and slain, as was supposed. i Seven years afterward he returned to : In Rev. Dr. Dorr’s historical account his home—what is now known as the we learn that in July, 1763 the “back “Snyder Farm,” having escaped from ; inhabitants” at Bedford and other a long and cruel captivity. points, were in such distressed condi¬ Parties were killed while fleeing; t; tion from the inroads of the savages from Morrison’s Cove to Fort Bedford, fcl that the congregations of Christ and among others the ancestors of John | St. Peter’s Episcopal Churches of S. Bowers, Banker of Bedford. Dep~I Philadelphia, at the instance of their redations and massacres occurred at . Rector, Rev. Dr. Peters, contributed and near Bloody Run. Mrs. Arnick, the sum of £662.3s for their relief, who died a few years since, near Clear- and after corresponding with the Rec- 1 ville, at the age of 106 years, remem¬ tor and Wardens of St. John’s Church / bered distinctly and gave an intelli- at Carlisle, for information, sent sup¬ gent account of one occurring here, V plies of flour, rice, and medicine, to¬ the fires of which she saw as with! gether with two chests of arms, half other friends and neighbors she was a barrel of powder, four hundred making her escape to Fort Bedford. pounds of lead, two hundred swan Sparks, the ancesto:Tof the name, who shot, and one thousand flints—pretty settled at an early day on what has substantial spiritual aid! been the Sparks homestead ever since, (To be continued in our next.) on the “ridge” near Everett; Alex. ! Alexander, the pioneer of Wells Val- J" ley, “Doable Alec,” as he was called, The following news¬ the ancestor of the Alexanders an paper opens sideways. the Wisharts ; the Pipers of Yellow Please be very careful Creek; the Williamses, and many In opening it because the others, who lack of time will not per paper is very old and mit me to name, had many fearful brittle and tears easily. THE SCHOOL REGISTER

jp =*== "WISDOM IS MORE PRECIOUS THAN RUBIES. "-BIBLE.

EVERETT, PA., FEBRUARY, 1882, NO. 11. VOL. 1.

■''■nOOL REGISTER. war, byvwhich they were enabled to curred twelve years afterward. I re¬ TED TO TUB INTERESTS OF OUR carry on more readily their predatory fer to the massacre of the Tull family. , 1 , .1.10 SCHOOLS, TO HOME EDUCA- and murderoue attacks upon the set¬ Every school-child in Bedford county V AsO TO THE DISSEMINATION tlers and their families. It were well, has heard of Tull’s Hill, a high ridge TER At. INTELLIGENCE. perhaps, if there were now, ns then, seven miles west of Bedford, which stern men who, on their own individ¬ received its nnme from the ill-fated nllilltd Montlily Hi 10 1'tnls pet leir. ual responsibility, would correct the family. Mr. Tull’s house was on the . Keillor. evil by visiting summary vengeance summit of the hill on the old road or ■ . WOLFF, packer’s path, north of the present ». ELLIOTT, Associate Eillior. on the sordid knaves. The report in the English paper was incorrect in turnpike. The family consisted of one particular, at least. The melee the parents and ten children, nine _ECT U RE was not in a mountain gorge but near daughters and one son. The son for¬ the hamlet among the hills, east of tunately was absent and escaped, all UN THE where the steam mill stands, so I have the others, eleven souls, were mur¬ been informed. As apropvos to this dered, scalped, and one burned with 'ail) History of Bedford County, view of the animus of the affair at the house. At that time the Indians Bloody Run, is another incident ^oc¬ were especially troublesome, and the BY DW. cnluiT.Erf N. 1IICKOK. curring four years afterward—in 1769. inhabitants had abandoned their im¬ The inhabitants on the frontier who provements and taken refuge in the _ kiiko imronL t-b Tkacukrs' county suffered from the incursions of the In¬ fort, b at Tull’s family had disregarded ma iTUTr. .it «tv«»rrt. oi' tsinER 1, >•»*• dians were very much incensed at the the danger and remained on their im¬ - - traders who furnished them with the provements. Mr. Williams, ancestor, .ronMnue J 'rone InM munitions of war. With a view of I believe, of the Williamses of Napier, -•* condition of affair? will give ending a traffic so destructive to their Rainsburg and Everett, who had a ,tey to one of the theories, and I lives and homes, the settlers collected settlement west of Tull’s Hill, south¬ an inclined to believe the most plaus- a large force and attacked the traders west of where,Schellsburg stands, had ’1 in one, of the several? explanatory and carried off large quantities of retunied to his farm from the fort to of the cause of the massacre at Bloody powder, leud, &c. Soon after a num- sow some flax-seed. He had a son Run in 1765. She following, Pul,'_ —her-of these parties and others who with hinTanA-remained out one week. ' lislied at the time in n En¬ had not participated in the affray,, The road to hi« improvement passed gland, paper, is perhaps an authentic were seized and imprisoned in Fort Tull’s cabin. On their return as they an account ss any. It says : The Bedford. Col. James Smith, whose approached Tfflls they saw a smoke con ’s-Y T)F eighty horses, loaded with name is intimately associated with and drawing l^arer, found the burn- on his majesty s ac- the frontier and other early history of |ntr_rnins, m * c^it as presents to the IndiomvM'd the State, being satisfied of the un¬ garden seal pi and just expiring, and part on 'mrount of, Indian traders, justness of the imprisonment, under the other ne of the family lying were surprised in a narrow and dan¬ the circumstances, encamped one eve¬ {lead and souqpeer all around. The ger, us defile by a body of armed ning on the banks of the Raystown mother with L>i x babe in her arms, 'he horses were Juniata, in the vicinity of Bloody both scalped. They also found an kr ;d and the whole of the goods car¬ Run, with a force of eighteen men, Indian’s war i at-bag on the ground, ried away by the plunderers. The riv¬ and under cover of the night madi a Understaudiiq i at the Indians were Fort Bedford and ulet was dyed with blood, and ran forced march, reaching Fort Bedford near, they flc«l Maj. James Burns, inl(, the settlement below, carrying at break of day, and surprising the gave the alarn •.lie late General and with it the stain of crime upon its sentinels, captured the forces at the (the father of i ns, and ancestor of surface.” The foregoing is as explicit, Fort, released the prisoners, and with Judge lames probably, as a report home across the them escaped. This daring exploit the Bu -ns fain of the county,) who ' ears ago, at the age Atlantic from the wilds of the \\ est occasioned general rejoicing among died eime tlii and two years, was „ Conld well be. Some, and with show the settlers. Smith was afterward ar¬ of one hundi I reason too, think it was a palpable rested, and in resisting the arrest ac¬ al-o a witnt - >t the murderous scene. (.„.«? of highway murder and robbery, cidentally killed one of the posse H wa then a n’uth of some nine¬ ty,, years, mm nuc on the scene just pun-lv for plunder, but it seems as if making the arrest, and was tried for j traders were doing as some are murder. He was triumphantly ac¬ aft IT the Endin'I? had departed, and i doing on our western border to-day, quitted, and afterward occupied dis¬ he also on' '' >od his flight to Fort 'tifying their passion for lucre at tinguished positions, in civil and mil¬ lit I lord to -v’k ie the impending dan- ie sacrifice of public good, viz: ,f c pture or death. An armed itary life. uneotitiously furnishing the savages S' . - 2 THE SCHOOL REGISTER. i r me senooe register. force proceeded to the spot and buried r giound of the Barclay Aimily, in and a/iew days thereat v -na of life! the dead. Tiie snvages had escaped. which lie the remains;of Capt. Hugh A riftlo n gmtgun 'M>f iPeter ewi Smith,oimtii, 10to theme pjj mapy, sau.ntering up tlm only -t; indebted to Wm. C. Bryant, Esq., a vurpnrly.i I been so for- It would be interesting, no doubt, Barclay, the ancestor of the Barclays C x'.of five pounds, twelve shillings kl'isle, lonely and disiffliosg gentleman well known in the circles . - . — --id captli..o from amoDg to speak ofthegraves, which still can be of Bedford and Greensburg—who 5 *^ix peDi'c which you will pay. F -oniiiion enemy, chanced to meet m.otlier Clearing his namo s|*Kn ' J i yours, Cait-Andrew Man. of historical research and authorship. war parly who had not been so favored, for iho identified, of the notable earlyTeTflers "came to Raystown (Bedford) in 17lx). accents, thatcmised tho 'Ut 5 ft JTo Geo. Woods, Chairman.” I preface it with Mr. Bryant’s letter, iiirmer lo divide their prisoners with tbelatier. but lack of time will permit Mention He held the rank of Captain, ' as In case ihe successful parly hud luken lint one almost to lape out nr ifuibl ,t Capt. lM nm was an officer of the accompanying it, as further explana¬ pr-souer H was considered a lolly act of cour¬ of only a few of "these. I will say, Quartermaster, during the revolution, looked up and saw 1.:. ffc .ic&ijnty revi lutielary forces. He was tory cf it: tesy lo surrender him. The Delaware chief, however,-m passing,- that our people and also under Gen. Knox, when the recognizing ibis custom, voluntarily delivered out ol an uppei wi. dow,1B ; the ’father if ti * late Hon. David Bukpat.0, Februnry ^S, 1830. are’daily and’ unconsciously walking latter was Secretary of War. He was Chari es N. HirKok. Esq. ov-r the white captive to the Senecas on co„- to say that the ensuing :ii Mann, of Ri'li-iiv' grandfather of the •lltli.n that ii,e latter should flu sli Die work of over and in Vicinity of the sleeping also one of the earliest postmasters of licking Tom” and liis ladie : i late Hon. .Jnl» Ma ,n and also of Judge hTiure which Did. arrival hud luicrrupled. dust of those whose lives, could they the town, and filled various other of¬ ap a n Hudson bowedhlgacqulesceuce to this on their way to Virginia, [* r David Mann, of Pulton county, It proposal, nulled tlie trembling prlroner and no,\y be reclaimed from^>blivion would fices of trust. He built, in 1792-94, r deeil of Hip lioimo nm due time the “twain were V isnotalittlcsiugul ir, in this country of told Die Delawares Ihat he preferred to post¬ futnish inexhaustible theme for al¬ the stone mansib'n,' long known as the "Imply 'i life It'l l pone Die c-re.nou, of immolating , he captive adding another ve ideation to suiul change, that '.lictojd fort house, ir uniII the iiex, day. Then with many expres¬ most incomparable romance. Barclay homeste'.Yd, now, “TheGrove,” and numerous [) rover be, bearing oil which Capt. Mann was often doubt- " ibo In lun or i sions of frlrrdshlp Ihe Senecas cm burked In In the Church (Episcopal) burial just oiltsidij'the borough limits. thel,-canoes and la ihe gloom of ihe rvbi.i— the subject, only one or two of whicti A Jless on duty, shouhlnow be owned by •inly place, which was part of the “King’s Mrs. Dunlap, a minute ago referred rIIten out tlie nnrrnt.1 wlilrli I ay li Die . we will Quote, vie : “Fortune favor- fe'“-one of his grandsons. Ion In iny former let( AHer landing, Coplnln Hu ion gathered his rreitlng .lid a Orchard,” at Bedford, were buried'the to, Was before her second marriage, mpliy nnd ginmniur, d him the brave"The count- of true m I in remains of Justice Bernard Doughdl-ty Mrs. Frazer, the mother of William p ' I wish to inentioil some of the men ■e the p risoucr's life. Tlie while never runs smooth;’ ’Faint It. The orlglnul MS- aicii up, eared from his air and dress lo bo and family; Col. Terrance Cnmphi'li, 1'razer, the first white child born in .if Bedford county \ihose names and never won fair hid, *.•„*,.» I might nnd If quite prolix n either an olfljer or Home peisou of dlstlncUou and many others, whose graves, 'by what is now Bedford countjk'' She ) We became cell felted, and the Kcure In Kiyie. a|i|„ among IDs people. Tho Deluw lies hod been add atso that retrilmlivg one, about1 led .0 Infer that theSene.n- were but retiring reason of time, neglect and ‘Vandal¬ was thus the ancestor of the Frazers ' property of our State and country. ■ The mills of Got).” hut you-would, I null In all essential particulars across the river 10 spend the night by their ism, have been unmarked, of late ol Schellsburg. By her second mar¬ Hon. Thomas Smith, who held sev- camp-llre. and Dial la Diernornliig they would charge it to an exhibition of the llllon which userlheil Ihorcscu, yearn. On the. removal! of the dead riage, with Dunlap, she was the an¬ i feral appointments of trust under the r Is grievously at ran It. Hudsoi Invite the former lo be present at tne saerlfl. e. ■spleen ofa haehelnr:" ■'About 1706 "•nhly llie hero ol this Incident To rescue the captive und. r llieclrcumsiances from thisi'burial ground to the ceme¬ cestor, through ber daughter, of the ■government, afterwar^ Judge of Su¬ was no easy lask. Captain Hndson directed Anderson and his wit, came do Bed-' tery, a few years since, not only were ~ WiJIiamseS'of’Napier, RaMsburg and preme Court. Hon. Joiiathan Walker, h.s warriors lo build several llr-s near the ford, and lived „„l died there. He- lug him. Although a remains found with bullet holes and Everett. She was'" a remarkable 'Judge of Court, lived in the house built the house tbal ,tb0J on the eor-- i i» 1*0 lirlllsh bestowed visible lo the Delawares on the opposite side. c.uts, as of tomahawks or other edged woman, not only in strong personal now the Union Hotel of Valentine dlgally of "captain" i It was now leu o'clock at night, and after par her of Pitt and Ri-hnrdtStreete, and Inking of a silent meul around c~ ■ -■ weapons, in the skulls, butalso several characteristics, fitting her for "the - Steckman, on Pitt Street. Hon. Rob amp-flres, Hnd-oiJ was rcplaeed a few years since l„-the r "/ the-/a'th,” and investe, interesting relics were uhearthed. In scenes and times in which she lived, crt.J. Walker, son of ^he above U. ake all the provlsrt.n., except a seamy supply McCulloll Hail. They were tile an- ^( character. Tlie Irnnnnh wore never lilolal ilniself and ilj|e prisoner, and reioru one instance were found a gold brooch hut in the dangers, escapes, and hard¬ ► It'om Miss., and Secretary nnd In tlielr cestors nTthe- Anderson fnmiljpa '- ver; en/olalng up. containing a lady’s mirjidtuft»i in1 ex¬ ships through which she passed dur¬ national Treasury av.is brought ■Ir III«... during t« eversim-Wiiive been residents of H,,1 - £ lcnibirs of tla Indian cellent preservation, add a pair of ing a two years' captivity among the ford. rffisppyducated here. JidgeundSu- ailly. 1 send you one of l he pub in the Valley of ilie massive, linked, gold sjfceve buttons, Indians, as the result of one of their Jirein- Judge Huston, Jijlgo and Su- • lions of air Hls- apedlilon was abandoned ..Another grave, in the'oldine oiagraveyard graveyard lerlo Soolety. "Life -f Oi...... io Alien." coa- of ancient pattern, indicating, inci¬ predatory excursions iJri Bedford. -I"; Ive J no. Tod, Hon. Wm. Wil- jiluuder,yet such was the I have referred to has interesting jj lalnlng anecdotes of Cornplnnter never be oro • uuen.e ol Ilndsdn that they submitted to published.^ Among'Mr Allen's papers I., my dentally from the tim<-s they repre¬ He’s 'was an eventful life, full' of sociations. It is that of Col." Levin , j: G brtlsburg, Judge, U. S. Sbna- .e disappointment without a murmur. The sented—the rank and wealth of the-, ^iilSS^sunounded with perils, but- nister to Russia, anil Secretary Jung warriors, after paddling Industriously Powell, of Virginia, who died a't Bui captivity ol Ihe lute Horatio Jones', who "lived 'e.v li him. I in led on tne norihern biok finally ended in peaceful; honored owqpant'of that unknown grave, fii ford in 1S10, while therein pursuit -f • was Brought up in the house and was cnplured by Die I.idlunmit Bedford "ie river; co„c Ibelr ciwoea ,„d age and a Christian's death. early In the levolullon. I am. dear sir V. .ms irkhdb _fckIII oecullnr to Ihe natives the now seldom-used gr i v var,,'. font; -'ji'a.lib, He «vas the father of Admiral ’l Bedford, now owned by Yoars very respe-tfully, ami men res, lutely| plunged Into the woods, Carney, ffo,,. j,lW g. c,,;_ known as theJ“Presby.erian grave¬ Thomas Anderson,-a native of'tlie Powell. He fo.v- the (’ol. Levi . p.mv W.C. Bryant. which was faintly Illumined py the struggling yard, ’ (though given j„|m ponn, north uf Ireland, known at home on cams o, the nioon.l In tho meantime Captain ellj in oonnecti.m wiv1,. .whose n:um S Senator, sP West Virginia, TUK I.ATB Hudson with his prisoner slur.ed southward 176G’ to tllG Calvinists and Luther- account of his convivial and fo'x-hWt- the loH.oving cl ' Bedford lawyer. R DLACKSNAKE. Daring Ihe Ho. through Die woods wild sllenlly pursued ihdr jins of the town ns a bur;;li ,,;, iff. ir Captain Hud-, " Iliad ing proclivities, and general wildness, is narrated. Col. Powell w,: , ... ’cT.Clair, Revolutionaiy Gen- on organized a t-ar party at Ihelndlan village of i 4-Hi Die tlie .WuMleca, the Esp.v/ David- ;,s ’ '•" licking Tom,” had won the f Cmieadea fori ■ date for Congress in the distri, i . irst Prothonotary. Hon. David predatory excursion or foray 1.1.lied aild ", ri,. j1; ■ s^liclr mornl'nj ,-«„![ soils, the Moores, ThomT^MeUaughry ncnrt-and was promised the hail'd of i’lothonoUiiy in 1809, by Gifv. vhlle senlemeii|s >.f Pennsylvania, ,i. c iftWbo v.-mIso, Hiwaterfri.mil ,, i„g whicli .Washington resided, and diTf'1 ns. ns 'swell known, lnvil espoused —one ot the earliest Shdriffs- of tin- Ah;Lyon, the daughter of a friend r, reappointed by Gov. Findlay, of the King and were encouraged by were not on arnicablcleYms, iiUhou"l. ■; l i mn 1 n.enc,gal. 1 his eoinpaiilon. aud, de- Campbells,' “Rollicking ol his father. The alliance was ob¬ "S twelve years, State Senator in . .1 muster to Inflict ns much Inlury o the same party. As the'General and suffering as was possible on the compara¬ spue his nienere knowledge oi Die English Tom Anderson,” and Alice Lyoii, his jected to by the lady’s fn’fhily,'only alighted from his home and wa-lk'cd ‘ kd Auditor-General under Gov. tively defenceless liil.ubllnn.s of ihe fromler. shiie h'|le0r"t d t"u7ll,la llle Diii'il night wife, Mrs. Dunlap, and ' many others on account of bis reckless'habits', and X lfiy iralned wnrrloi-s composed Ihe invading up to, the polls to announce his vote, . A*from 1824 to IS27. Hon. whose names are lost. With the lat¬ ul. Arrived ni"Frank's creels." the parly ns betrothed was' forbidden to fa yi'i'im nephew of the above, Pro- gagemeul had benf fougiu iliere between the as was- the custom of the time in Vir¬ bulled for a few .'ays to him' deer imd dry and Indians and whlljes; that the lulter had been ter, three names are connected iiitei-- him. Finding parental authority an '’ •■•pare venison, which, together will: a scanty ginia', the cj-owd, curious to know how 'lai'y for twelve years, State vanquished ana i lit to pleos.suvea few who esCnvg.- and romantic incidents "whfoh ipply of pnrel.ed n.nlze, was their olilefsuh- ineffective barrier against the Courage iiurcr of Pennsylvania, and Rep- escaped by swlmnhlng the creek aud ihU pris¬ will .bear narrating and we will pre¬ he,would vote, under the cireumstan- ) slence on such expedilh.ns. Having olitnln- oner. Previous Ito this account the prisoner and cunning of the “sniffle god,”: the l-itive to Congress. Hon. Alex. I n sum. leul supply of Ibis requfsllc. they sently give. ces, followed- 'him. Washington ob¬ had commiiulcaiejd to Hudson the fact ihat Ms father surreptitiously sent his daugh¬ again sought their canoes and paddled down serving this, exclaimed in words that iji'-Oii, Judge and Congressman. home was nboui slxly miles distant from After making ahoutnlne mileslliev Fort Duuuesaeoh Lie io.nl leading to Phila¬ Adjoining this old graveyard, which ter over the: “deep1, deep sea,” to the •l imes M. Russell, Congressman have passed into a'proi-erb : "Gentle: j usi about twilight, npolul lu ilie rlv- delphia. The p.air prisoner was faint and al¬ is at the corner of Juliana arid John care ot her brother, who had7 e.iifora- blriembcr Constitutional Conven- iowu us Ihe nlue-inlles-bend. Here most famished, j He had ealen nothing f r men, I vote for priiieipleV hot men,” thing shadows thickened, (heir nl- Streets, (the peculiar names' of the ted to America several years before. ii 37-’38. Hein. S. M. Barclay, Ihree days. A Her pai Ink lug of their scaulv and then direeted the clerk to re’em-d lenilon wan atlrncled by a glare of light In Ihe meal, Hudson advised him to Be down and streets’of Bedford-Julian.,; John, lorn -sought he)-' in 'vain amongst bushes on the west side ol toe river. Captain h,s vote for Col. Levin Powell ' ’ itoT. Hon. Alex. King, Judge and sleep, which he gladly did, anil both slept Thomas, Richard, &c.,—are explaina¬ her kindred, and finally disgusted Hudson ( heeled the warriors alio piled Ihe souudly until four o'clock In the afternoon. I W,IP read, in this eonneetlbn,PiH for, These are all (lead. There o guide the canoes In the direction of ble from the'fact that these were the and disconsolate, he sold,,bis posses¬ They both arose nnd pursued their Journey all copydf an interesting document, otfe, but as they are living I will, the light, and arriving at the hank nearest through the night. And In safely, until lliev names of "members' ,’of Gov. Penn’s sions and gathering' together bis Die fl.e ilir-ji discovered n part)' of about twen- reached the borders of an expensive swamp, li original’hr which'men Gis in possession o iny nudicnce to remember their •-flvppylawi.ro Indians surrounding a while family, and. weye given, in'thj-ir honor, wordly gear, sought refuge from his w * I’^ascssion on traverse which occasioned them much weail- 'HUYP'i The prisoner was a male, tied lo a ne.is and perplexity. Taey halted nnd ate ?■!“ V Mimn, of Bedfordt. .pin. eIad In by Abe provin.’ia 1 S u r veyo'hGe,V- ra'l, disappointment in,the w^ scenes'of It is as follows : Piling ..._ sparingly of iliolr diminished rallous, and II leave it to myaudience to say d him lo make Ills fnneml pyre, Lulfcns, when lie laid off ti.e 'tpw^^ the new world. Landing in Philadol- Cnp^.lii . it purs Ir jo. phia, biS restless snirif i.m,i.:. ( 1 ■ shall introduce here, irito' ison, who spoko the Delaware usted, ,s the private and' niqre m^'icnt bu%l,a; phlahhr restless spirit S hi?to ,n J1UU.,“SaiVB;-«aKH 23,4776.'11', at Die strangers imd. opcac.l com- penetrate farther into the new country^ a^lct ’.‘iolix paper,' a narrative, wlih I heir leader. TlieiuUar wel- “fo of jvhicli was Judge George conled lliein as friends, fo- the Delawares and ftirnd or feu hered g,,„ Senecas had tis iiiiiny years past lived on i -v oj Bedford, for which I am A alg.ii Journey thro.igli asuvage cuulry was terms of mnlly. It wask custom among Uio Iu- alleuded with many perils. SUirvallou was ■ I ( 8 THE SCHOOL REGISTER. TM1E SCHOOL REGISTER. 4 any given arena of life, and withholds age you, when I say it will not be thought by names of those whose suc¬ here, nvid offered him a life usc-|,ijM them ivnVn elmollo pile of rocks. Interspersed cesses were widely apparent, but only the lenxl of llieso, Every step might awaken wllh hemlocks aid bordcilng a precipice of lit, unjustly, to the many, as deserving, said or written of all of you, that you the lil-s nf some venommi< s rpciit ; every of Ins many houses. This aecoui. sonic thirty or forly feet of sheer descent. To | yvho are considered fail'-.* s. But are have attained success; but, paradox to demonstrate that it was not the re¬ nfenth from the mnnulng ron-sl might smldeii- rotriu I was .ilseournglug—toiidvnneo. Impossl- . for the reference made to thiapnffl^ ly be drowned l»y the long Jrnwu howl of u Vhcy failures? Their efforts may fail, as it may seem, the honest effort of sult of fame that constituted their ble. Looking over the side ot the precipice at ’ dent in Mr. Bryant’s letter, whic; , . hungry pack ot wolves. Hanguls lurked on a polul not tar dl-luni. Hudson nolheJ a ml', every one of you will be success, worth, but the virtue of the true ef¬ every side. Thernp'l'O w,.s n-ady to slii,JsUiy Wt can the man who uses honest, straight iroe which grew on the bottom and in answer to one I had written KKi..,1 worthy effort in any direction, where whether it succeeds or not. fort that brought about fame as the el. v iled Us giant irunk above llnlr li ra s. gentleman in reply to a previous on ihoerhH.ies'umt he did mil wholly tool nod Some of its branches nearly touohod the brink behest, worthy effort may be used, be That learned and celebrated man, result. The virtue existed, even if ei.comnud him to loll oil wind. The third ul the precipice. With ugesiuro wldcb betok¬ of inquiry from him. morning tbi-lr provisions were entirely ex¬ jualy called a failure, let the apparent Rev. Dr. Yeomans, when once re¬ there had been no fame. You and I, ened con Ode ,ce and insulrcd emu'uvlon. Ilud- There is a thought suggested,#®! my friends, may have the worthy ef¬ hausted, met throughout the day us they ha t- 1,1111 run to Hie edge of the precipice, sprang insult be what it may? proached by a flippant antagonist, ed to res! or plodded onward no glimpse or c.illlke Inlo the tree and soon alighted safely subject and the occasion, that il .nia; fort, and it will be as much a virtue sound or gain- rewarded their vigilance, stdl Rpbert Burns’ estimate of a virtuous with the fact that in his early man¬ mi the ground. Encouraged by this example not be inappropriate, in conclusion Hudson spoke hopefully' and endenvornti bv hood he had been a blacksmith, re¬ in us as in them though tee reap only his companion foil .wed bun, and the two miwwas not predicated on the im- smile* m d » ords of cheer to revive the droop¬ briefly to refer to. I have menrioi" obscurity. ing sp.rll of Ills whitecompunlon. They slow¬ again stood side by si lo. I.o iking about him macculateness of his escutcheon, but torted, "Yes, I was a blacksmith, and llie endive rem.i kedto Ids Indian friend that names of natives of our county, v1 > ly conilniied their,trump throughout ihe great on the circumstances surrounding it was and is my pride that I could •• Pall many a of purest ray xereno. er part of the night, guiihd by the north slur the natural features ol Hie scone uppe iret* not both at home anil elsewhere became TI10 deep unfatlioinM eaves uf ocean bear.” altogether strange lo him. Some j cars helore bin and the amount of evil resisted make the best trace-chain in my eminent; men who were justly ranj.ed They are gems no less because they ni'pli^-d which they gratefully PW"*’1” he laid accompanied Ills brother on a hunting by dm. So, we may apprehend, the county'.” As a blacksmith he was a expedition and Ills memory preserved a plc- by the world as among the successfu' are hidden ones. Alllighty Arbiter of minds and hearts genuine one, and the same earnest only safely was lo.each Me abode of men',with- "Full many a flower Ik born to blusji unseen scemled the iiiounlulii and surmounted numb¬ ones of earth, lien who hnvejjxundu ouldoluv The night ovrriooK ibtin.bnt they udju'gcs. spirit made him genuine as eminent, And waste Its Kwoeln-ss on the di sci nlr. ’ jarsl-led In plodding forward. About 10 or er, Ihe crest of which commnnd-il a view of a history, and by'heir own hands have wide range of country, and the Whiteman fan¬ I /ave been led to this train of ns a theologian and teacher. Its sweetness is not wasted, if its l. * o'clock in llu- e- colag Ihey heard Ihe sound written theinsel es— of an Indian whoop b.one toward them from cied again tlint, the scene was uot unfamiliar thou,ht by the gathering together on Alexander Thompson, held in perfume and beauty give pleasure to to Min. A few stops farlli-r and lie became a distance In Ihe front. Soon afurwar.ls Ihey this 'sension of so many of the young, pleasant and reverential memory by its great Creator. dona ted a gleam of a tiro a short distance lu¬ convinced that bo was approaching a.while settlement, a <1 thullils r.,thei's house Was at Will I be contradicted in the ns sir engird in one of the most honorable the older citizens of our county, as “A storied urn or animated bust” ff ill tin.I heard the ‘^ no great dlstunce. Soon afterwards they met of calings, and all perhaps equally one of the purest judges who ever the recent hacks of cattle and other signs of tion that fame is not the unerring! the over our graves will not augment our p^oXded'l0l°reconno'!tre! Their straits w. ro the near presence of civilization. The Joy of truest test of a man’s greatness,; fcfmfc ambitous of success, and yet, young wore the ermine, when a blacksmith’s successes one atom. These are but desperate and Hudson determined to appeal to the while man was almost uncontrollable and all great men do not achieve veliown. ladies md gentlemen, you will not all apprentice, mastered the declensions the editorial “puffs” in the local col¬ ll,n hospitality or their strange neighbors. In the eyes of iho Indian glistened la sympathy cnscthey should prove hostile, and threaten with the emotion. When thoy reached the fool The world thinks the reverse. Noth succeed—at least the world will not ana conjugations of his Latin Gram¬ umns of renown that we will sleep as Ills life or liberty If nlsm. said be would raise of the bill d was conjectured that they were so renler its verdict. This same mar, with his text-book propped up well without. Great Generals lead scpaialed only the dlstauce of a mile irom the ing in its estimation is so successful a warning er.v.to apprise his while friend of before him on the forge, while blowing the danger. CowerlngumoiK' Ihe bushes the captive's residence. A few minutes' walk as palpable success, and yet many in though , possesses me when I daily and plan, but it is the rank and file ot brought them lo Hie edge of Me . learing. A latter saw the form of his red friend swallow¬ all ages have been fully ns victorious see the kjhool-boys and girls tripping the bellows in the intervals of plying brave soldiery who win the victories. ed la t lie darkness. Ho llsloued many weary large orchard, several comfortable dwellings in thei, youthful light-heartedness his sledge, and he bought his books, minutes, bat no sound rathe t • nnn.mnce the atid outbuildings gave assurance ol comfort as the winnersfof acclaim, in all that The Generals reap the glory; the fate of Hudson. At length Ihe sound ot moc- and abundance. The Indian would proceed characterizes the truly great, and the past my windows. As I look at them with the pittances he contrived t whatever that part was, and yet the and who the failures. Who the lead¬ ness. He was a success in whan er -'Ubc, each one of us has, in some proaebed. and w|lU u gesl ne ur water,” and bearers-of burdens b. did before you were in it.” The Me experiences of the past lew days; and now not necessarily faijures; for ehej own State for wealth, and '■ulUmfti pridjyJjl always have Jier niches I say M you, lay up your sword, your rifle and ouff-Tf sincere, earnesfTipnTd/HeI!■.n> miido-i ; lei Mem never again be painted for and| opportunity for ample oh-'sgT-J of.them,who shal^ try Honestly - WetT, winjhave lipr workers, and her You have already eu>'-> J it J: e-b uui, or bo aimed In deadly hostility at Hie tion, all self-achieved, lias est.in.ikxl , sistently, faithfully', in whatsoever tiny wjll be aoliieved, and the in- pool red men. Heiiiombur Unit no Indian Ills .Iit'slng friends, at. 'many expre- hu calling, will be the successful ones, A. Garfield. n 1,Mentalities therefor ready at the saved your lire. Me life of all enemy, wllh dlf- that, in the thirty-live years that h$*'4 ot llla.lkfulness IIuOm.n alter pur.along yf An estimable lady t my Acqun .n t elrbmiiity.dep.ro. i t.. el da Ibis, wlilte.com- flcu ty and with danger in Ills own,-rescued has been in business, out of .-very whether they win thfe tangible, visible , times and proper places. Both erown of success or not. tance was asked her hu ' pi j'hesy and history have so written im Indian In Me tuiuro Iced him and tirut 011c hundred men embarking it* any P\V|ib revived Hlieogtll, alitor partaking of band was always so happy and tlielr simple meal they re-u dftcOthelr Jmirney, him us a brother. Your friends, too, among given calling, only an average office. * . I am thinking of my college class of it. What concerns you and me is to travelling as usual the wlmlcl lllglil Ihionglt. the palelaoes,—tell 'hem tula story, nod exhort contented. She jestingly replied, “0, have succeeded and the ninei5?ind«M years ago. Some of them have, since try, to work, to do. If we climb to Mem to be kind 'o tny people." While Captain I feed him well.” This answer, light¬ t'oalcep. Hudson was the lh> lie awaken, ind Hods oi held Hie captive's haud and spoke five the public has adjudged w then, achieved high places in church the mountain-top of fame; If we draw ly spoken, contained genuine philoso¬ Mills Joy lie beheld. «iuicti» srcWitg within con¬ these words tears course 1 down Me ch-eks of urcs. The world is wrong, UCCSffl and state; some have passed out of the whole world’s attention to us— venient nlle range, a lu’.u ' W-,i. He raised Me while inan. He fervently thanked his red phy. There H more truth than Ills rule. MOV careful aim and (lied The deer friend and assured him Mat his words were pro-rata calculation from its theory ' view ; some live and are without rank well! If we fail, maybe that very poetry in it- suggestion that men’s gave » single bound and f.- I To dress tile liidellibly graven ou tils hear'. Willi a clasp and point of observation, but in iU v or status, apparently, but God alone failure will be success; God knows ! doer, build afire auiMroasl , 'mi Idle was Hie ol Hie bund they parted. Me white man to knows which are the successes and hearts lie ir closer proximity to their Work ol tul a few mo nen s. The remainder estimate of the character and value , i rush lino lhe arms of Ins overj iyed family— stomachs nnn is ordinarily supposed. of .he day was consume I In div Tug or smoking Me Indian to ng.ilo bury himself In the woods of the result. The world applauds, lo which the failures. ITe knows which porlluiis. .f the carciss for meh ... This and retrace the long and weury path llmt led “The oxgftowetH his owner, and the to the echo, its Astors, its Stewarts, ns tried the hardest against the most ad¬ done they proceeded Willi reuovaied splilu. to the cabins of Ills people at Canea.lea." verse odds—odds of circumstance, nss ],igmaster's crib,” and these mar¬ They were approaching a mountainous region It only, remains for me to state that Vanderbilts, for the collossal fortunes and ib-lr progress began Mgmw (tediousuud odds of surroundings, .odds of oppor¬ ried Jen—well, ladies, you see the after the war, Captain Hudson, who they have accumulated, and h rms as under tunity, odds of constitutional procliv¬ unnJgy i »»y moral is, have your usp. Ill _• resign, O ,sla-les which opposed Ub-lr slept they were had proved so true a friend to Judge failures many who have labored as j ec'king well done, if you would not One drluk incessantly, as honestly, as faithfully, ( ity, and His verdict will bfi the just One Mn-UJouniex l..g to dnjdiglit They had Woods, came occasionally to Bedford And Qod .shall muki ulancc good. one, even though itshall astonishingly rove failures in the management of Mibsi-lenee suill. lent f •< tbree or four dins by invitation of the Judge to visit as well, except that,their efforts have ' O power to do! 0 bullied will! those peculiar specimens of the ani¬ „.,,l u-i-ro an longer tearful of perishing from not resulted in reaching the same goal. reverse the world’s judgment. , O prayer and action, ye are one. hunger. When duvllghl Came they found him, and was always, as he we’l might re. may yet fulfill Young ladies and gentlemen, don’t mal kingdom—husbands. themselves Involv. d in dinlcullles I lint see:n- be, a welcome and honored guest. In The world renders homage,' and per¬ The i ofsUc still; I have, of necessity, illustrated my e.l lasiirninuiHable They llail been ginduallv haps justly, to men who succeed in deem me a cynic, who would discour¬ wlsUed, v usccndlug a low inoauluiu ;uUge, uud befor.- fact the J udge wished him to remain TIME SCMMOOWj REGISTER.

Deslructirp Fire. The Mormon question is receiving The building owned and occupied a great deal of attention all over the The Orator’s Manual—By George by the Inquirer Printing and Publish¬ country, and all good people ought to L. Rapmond, Professor of Oratory ir ing company at Lancaster, Pa., was hail with delight the present manifes¬ Williams College, Massachusetts. ThjJ entirely burned out January 26th. tation of interest. It seems that it is is the most complete and most thor¬ As a publishing house, this was one now or never, with the matter. It is oughly practical treatise on Elocurfog of the largest and most complete es¬ a serious evil, and one which will and Orutory that has yet come under tablishments in the Shite. It was heavily tax the statesmanship of the our notice. No element of elocu,fcoa- fitted out with fine machinery to cur¬ day to wisely dispose of. Some of ary expression has been omitted/ and ry on the business in all departments the measures proposed and sugges¬ every principle underlying this sub¬ of printing, stereotyping, and binding. tions made for the solution of the lime art is so fully illustrated wijh ap¬ Some idea of the loss in personal prop¬ problem are rather ludicrous, and propriate examples, and directions for erty to the company may be gained show a lack of knowledge of the true their proper application that any >jne from the fact that there were in use at principles which must govern and di¬ may use it to advantage in becoiqng the time of the fire, five cylinder and rect all legislation on the question if a good reader and speaker. It will five Adams presses, and embossing wo would peacefully settle it, and at prove itself an invaluable aid notppjy press, backing, book-bevelling and the same time not destroy in the least to the teacher in assisting hi* to sewing machines, two steam-power the rights of the Mormons under the methodize and simplify his work thus cutters, four dry presses, one hand Constitution. The agitation of the economizing his time, but it wli he press, a stereotype foundry complete, question will domuch toward shaping a faithful and unerring guide a the together with tons upon tons of type. the final policy. Let all citizens study student, in leading him safely P the Very little was saved pwing to the its many feat ares and discuss it in an desired goal—free, natural, fi/cible, lateness of the hour and the inclem¬ intelligent and patriotic manner. and effective expression. Tin/ work ent weather, besides, the fire broke out is in neat, beautiful binding, jnd is Not Foiled.—That was a capital near the centre of the building and altogether a very attractive book. lesson which Prof. Faraday taught burned so rapidly that within half an Published by S. C. Griggs & <1, Chi¬ one of his students in the lecture- hour of its discovery, every floor was cago. ■ / room after some chemical experiments. burned through and the heavy masses Beaver county has a no/el and The lights had been put out in the of type metal and iron machinery con¬ convenient method for recoMiug the ball, and by accident some article attendance of her teachers nt/institute. stantly falling, made it dangerous to (^cropped on the floor from the profes¬ li was »y Oi'iylvtcnflcnx. be near. There are individual losers sor’s hand. The professor lingered Briggs and consists “ of a membership by the' fire—persons who had work b‘hind, endeavoring to pick it up. ticket containing numbers correspond¬ under wav in the establishment and “Never mind,” said the student, “it is ing with the different sessions, and the among them is J. P. Mc.Caskey, pub¬ of no consequence to-night, sir, wheth¬ name of teacher and his district. Each lisher of the Pennsylvania School er we find it or no.” “That is true,” teacher has a ticket numbered, and Journal. The February number was replied the professor, “but it is of nearly ready for mailing at the tin e the secretary n record of the number. of the fire but in a circular receivi f On presentation ol the ticket the sec- from Mr. McC. he states that “ notrf .rehes 'lie p» f*niu!i line of type is left, and everythin the same on his bo«.k. The must be reset, made up, and reprintj H and tally mv-tagree, and show¬ ed, w liich w i 1 l_causecL^!MV^Oi ily the cessions the teacher has Sled. These tickets are left with weeks.’’ 'l^.e loss in plate pyrailrwrr - ^ . ” I,-ctar:', who certifies, to »l>cir to the Jvurntil b "and the si,-ail.’ _ which the insurance bad correctness, and arc then counte r-sign¬ Isn’t tjj '■ Youth's Mirror a little too i iv a few duys before. V ed by the superinteudent, who sends utterly,utter itself, when it speaks of pathize with the Journal in its misfoij them to the s vfcral school boards as the literature of Oscar W’ilde and sev¬ tune, we feel confident in saying, that a certificate t< now just how many eral of of his aesthetic colleagues in in spite of all losses, it will lose none sessions were tended by their respec¬ the following strain ? “The result is a of its value as a practical worker in tive teachers.’ fantastic grouping of words which the cause of education. gives a 1 wild,’ wfc’vtd smack to our The late census of Japan shows a Dr. Wickersham is busy working grand English tung.” total populationof thirty-six millions. The Mikado and his family are shown up the History of Education in Penn¬ Phof. L. H. Dublin., Superintend¬ at the head of the statistics as twenty sylvania. No one is better qualified ent of the schools of Allegheny City, men and seventeen women. Yeddo, or in a better position to do this work has accepted the principa.-hip of the of the vastness of which the old geog¬ than he. We trust that he will re¬ Indiana State Normal Sclnol. The raphies used to tell such tales, con¬ ceive all the encouragement and as¬ vacancy caused by his resnpation, tains only 957,121 inhabitants. Kioto sistance necessary to make up a com¬ has been filled by Prof. John Mor* approaches it closely with 822,09S, plete educational record of our State. row, a leading educator of the a-ove Let us lend our aid by sending any and Ozaku comes next with 582,068. city._1_ information that would be useful in Males are more numerous than fe¬ There is, after all, only one reft, this important work. It should be males in the proportion of twenty- bone of contention in the world, and addressed to Dr. J. P. Wickersham, eight per thousand—that is, there are that is the jaw-bone. 1,028 men for every thousand women. Lancaster, Pa. Bourbons anti who make no concealment of their destiny and in their of their aims and wishes. But if any sen- ability to I lightly overcome all the perils that may timerts of disloyalty to the American re¬ hereafter beset them. But this confidence public survive at this day the expression is only too apt to beget an easy indiffer¬ f them would only excite a smile of de- ision and contempt. The splendid prog- ence and a neglect of remedies and re¬ ess which the south is making in the en- forms demanded by changing political ;erprise of peaceful civilization under a and social conditions. Party organiza¬ new system and under better auspices tions will doubtless long continue to be shows how little the thoughts of her peo¬ ] the necessary agencies for the accomplish- ple are busied with an irrevocable past. I ment of political ends.There is no denying This is not the first time in history in however, the growth of a tendency or which the vanquished have reaped far habit of making party the end and object instead of the instrumentality of political 101c fro in defeat than they ever could have gained by victory. In the en action. We set up our party machines dowment of free labor they are thrice com¬ and too often make ot them an object of pensated for all they have lost. blind fetich worship. In Hood’s story When we review at this day the mo¬ a converted heathen woman out of a ling¬ mentous result^ of the conflict who will ering respect for the faith of her ancestor- say that one soldier of these has died in had preserved in her house a great woods vain ? It is a trite saying that war legis¬ en image of their god Dagon. One day lates. War legislated and put into a new j her unconverted cook announced to her covenant, the stipulation that slavery shall that they were out of fuel for preparing never exist in the United States. War the day’s dinner. To his amazement and legislated again and decreed that “no state horror she turned to him and said: shall deprive any person of life, liberty or “Chop up Dagon!” The day is not dis¬ property without due process of law, nor tant, let us trust, when we will chop up deny to any person within its jurisdiction our party Dagons. When that time he equal protection of the laws.” Once comes the greatest obstacle to the solu¬ more war legislated and decreed that “the tion of political problems which cause right of the citizen to vote shall not be de¬ so much concern to doubters of the nied or abridged on account of ra : e, color ultimate success of popular government or previous condition of servitude.” This is will lose their formidable proportions. the new covenant of political and civil lib¬ Then the American people will reduce erty, not merely transcribed on parchment, party to its legitimate sphere of subordi¬ but sealed with the scarlet of the blood nation, and every political question will poured out upon a hundred battle fields, be determined on its own merits, without to remain forever glorious in the heavens regard to party shibboleths of faith. We that canopy this western hemisphere. It will cease then to applaud or condone in proclaims the eternal truth of the equality our party organization offenses which we of men in the eyes of God, realized on are eager to condemn in our political ad¬ earth by those laws which give to all citi¬ versaries. But should party lines be ob¬ zens an equal personal share in the gov¬ stinately diawn a resolute, independent ernment and in the moral and material and growing minority, hovering above benefits of society. In what other modern the hostile camps and arbitrating between war in which hecatombs of men have them, will decide the contests of the fu¬ been offered up to Moloch has the sacri¬ ture in behalf of the best interests of the fice been compensated by such results V country. r Turning from the past, with its memo¬ The oracles which the people once ries of conflict, with its associations of fatally obeyed as the voice of the gods common perils and common triumphs, are dumb and the priestesses have fled the mind of every thoughtful citizen bus¬ from their temples. No man has vis¬ ies itself wit! the thick -coming problems ion keen enough to penetrate the thick of the future. In grappling and overcom¬ curtain of the future. Yet there is no ing the most tremendous obstacles ever reason to yield to doubts and fears of the encountered by a free nation in its rise to capacity of the American people to pre¬ the summit of greatness, it is natural that h serve all they have achieved and to add the American people should have acquir- j new trophies to their conquest in behalf a profound confidence int ie lucky star of free government and civilization. The optimism that closes its eyes in compla- I inallitsaspects,therearestillgreaterca- . nayalmostunavoidable,consequence 1 lamitiestonations.Apeacepurchasedby \ recoilfromcontemplationoftheprobable, uaM'MJl _ I, i the patriotism andindomitablewillofthe umphant conclusionhadthey neverbeen K ochs in whichtheall-compelling genius American people. Therehavebeenep¬ born. Todoubt istodistrusttheprowess, and Grantyowantof appreciation of reverenceforthememories ofLincoln war wouldhavebeencarried toitstri¬ for theirgreatservicesto holdthatthe occurred wouldhaveleftnoenduring ask withascoff, trace inthebedofhistory.Itisnowant it wouldneverhaveoccurred,orhaving dom wouldhivebeenreadyasofoldto the enemiesofcausepopularfree¬ and forus.Hadtherebeenanyyielding of propertyinmanbeenwisertheir generation ithadbeenworseforthem those ofourcountrymenwhoprecipitated the conflictinbehalfoftheirinstitution human affairs,nevertoriseagain.Had obedience topettydictatesofinterestor pose, andtheysinkfromthesurfaceof they havesecuredinyearsofslothfulre¬ safety. Theyloseinadayofjusticeall counts everyhourofthelifeanation, any lapseintotorporortupitude,would any concessionstothespiritofslavery, reserves forfargreatercatastrophesthan tional dissolutionanddecay.God,who have sowntheineradicableseedsofna¬ war suchasfalterinasupremecrisis been possible.Dreadfulascivil our relationshadreachedthatsupremely further compromise,hadsuchathing in which of strifeceasedtobemanly,andnothing intolerable degreeofdomesticinfelicity brethren whom\ve-regardedas died backwardandforwardacrossaline was leftbutblows.Withoursouthern ciliation becameutterlyfutileifnotim¬ pertinent; passionaterecriminationban¬ ernment basedonprinciplesoffreedom. At lastalleffortsatcompromiseandcon¬ in onegovernment,leastofallagov¬ mg principlesthatcouldnotlivetogether truce fromthrutotimebetweencontend- “Where isyourgreatdeliverernow? Eyeless, inGaia,atthemillwithslaves.” Had notthisbeenawarofthepeople “There wasnolivingwiththem,norwith¬ More thankinbutlesskind, The mindfliesbackwithaninstinctive Go findhim, out them.” as civilwaris

of

>

the delusive hopeof arestoration ofthe Jacobite andsage,wasmore thansus¬ Faubourg St. Germain inParisassembled him apension. Theotherdayintheold pected ofdisloyaltytothe house thatgave loden, andlongafterthatSamuel Johnson, rose inafinalstrugglethe fieldotCul- adherents ofthefallendynasty ofStuart after thegreatrevolutionin Englandthe gies haveexpired.Headysixtyyears of avolcanotocoolafteritsterrificener¬ part init.Ittakessometimeforthelava disappear withinthegenerationthattook dered inthemightyconflicttowholly compensation. So,too,inthenorthmay a groupofancient royalistswhostillhug expect thepassionsandprejudicesengen¬ search forthetj^peswouldhardlymeet fresh opportunitiesofspoils.Theseare mule contractorindulgingindreamsof in menthevainhopeofadayfuture keeping aninventoryofhislostproperty Tombigbee anex-slaveholdermaybe be possiblyfoundanexsutlerorex¬ bat. Itispossiblethatsomewhereinthe scene wheretheyoncemetindeadlycom¬ ling infriendlyembraceonmorethanone the blueandgreyarethisdayming¬ with areward. possible survivalsoftheconflict,thougha backwoods thatskirttheAltamahaor sacrifice oftheirbestbloodandtreas- and material.Butwiththem they exhaustedalltheirresourcesofmen ure. principle. Madlywrougastheywere, us thereisanendforeverofthestrife,and sincere respectfortheenemywhocon¬ mire fortitudeandcourageeverywhere they ennobledtheirmotivesbyalavish fronted usduringafouryearsinwhich In thebottomofourheartswehavea they, too,werecontendingforagreat people wentintothestrugglebecause ors asinthebattlefieldswhichhar¬ of theconflictinheartsitssurviv¬ they believed,perverselyenough,that vest hasjustripened.Thesouthern of twenty-fiveyearsthereisaslittletrace hatreds sosoonassuaged.Afterthelapse so thoroughlysettled;itspassionsand own history. no othergreatcivilwarhaveissuesbeen of thepeopleinwhichtheymadetheir of aCromwell,HapoleonorBismarck was notoneofthem.Thisanepoch has changedthefaceofhistory;butthis We arewantinginpatiencewhenwe It maybesaidwithequaltruththatin ■ It isnotinmanynaturestoad¬ I ourished upon glorious traditions g And now after the lapse of many sum¬ rjtriotism, and when the crisis came si mers those who survive have assembled gave noble proof that the training at the foot of this shaft to pay a grateful was not lost upon them. tribute to the men who have gone before. Nowhere, perhaps, in this broad land It seems that they bivouacked but yester¬ did the summons to arms come with l day where the rear guard will pilch their more startling effect than to the dwellers | tents to-morrow. We are so far separated ,lJ in these peaceful valleys, though they by years from theevenis we commemorate none the less keenly appreciated the ; that the sentiments which they evoke momentous issues that were involved | have become solieucd by a twilight tinge of in the approaching conflict ot the sec- j recollection. In his funeral oration over tions. Conservative in their opinions j the Athenian youth who were slain in a and instinctively averse from the thoughts memorable battle Pericles exclaimed in the of civil war, they hoped that some hand freshness of the public grief and his own: might be stretched from out the dark “The year hath lost its spring.” To us it ness to stay the fratricidal strife. When seems at this distance of time that the I at. length there was no appeal save to brave men who fell on the field or suc¬ the final arbitrament of battle, they cumbed to woimds or disease in hospital did not linger for a moment in the rear or in prison, fulfilled their mission on of the rest of their fellow countrymen. earth, that they died in the ripeness of Without a skeleton of military organi- I their years, and that they could not have zation, wholly ignorant of all that per- ^ had a more honorable fate. Yet when tains to war, they marched out in com- I the war raged along an interminable line panies, in squads and in single files, ' of fire, there was not a bulletin of battle that seeking a command wherever they could did not bring to some hearth in Bedford ! best find it. At this distance of time it county apprehensions, too often poignant¬ stirs the blood in the most sluggish veins ly realized in the fall of a brother, father, to recall the enthusiasm of that popular husband, lover, or friend. Even then uprising in which every portion of this when the worst was known, cruel as was northern laud presented a stirring scene | the blow, those who received it would that was re-duplicated in all the rest. not have had it otherwise at any loss to j I Volunteers poured so rapidly into Harris¬ the country’s cause. They had dedicated burg that the requisition upon Pennsyl¬ their nearest and dearest, their precious of¬ vania was filled to overflowing almost as ferings of love and life, and they would soon as it was issued and it became not if they could have taken back the necessary to organize the Reserve Corps, purple of their blood that stained the flag a division which performed such bril¬ of battle. liant service during the whole pro¬ It has been often said that the war in gress of the war. The lOih, 11th, 12th which these our comrades fell was one of and 18th regiments were organized and the most causeless in history. This seems mustered on the same day—the 26th of to be an extremely hasty judgment. April. It is betraying no confidence at No great war in modern times has been this late hour to mention that on the so pregnant with causes of conflict. evening before the first company left Bed¬ Historians have ingeniously traced this ford a distinguished citizen now dead, war to the jealous fury of a mistress or Judge King, received a telegram from that to the intrigue of a courtier, but the Governor Curtin that no more troops were destinies of no great nation have been needed. The message was not delivered. decided by such trifles. So far from hav¬ The company marched the next morning, ing its origin in mean interest, clumsy at night it quartered ill a hotel parlor at crookedness of diplomacy or errors of Harrisburg, the next day it was mustered statesmanship, diplomacy that might have into the thirteenth regiment (Col. Eow- been retrieved, this quarrel had its deep ljy's) and left at once for the camp at root in the convictions and principles and York. The companies and parts of com¬ passions of the people. It was a war of panies and sinele volunteers followed, the people, often postponed, hut inevi¬ and the imperishable records attest that table. Missouri compromises, Wilmot Bedford county was fully abreast, if not a provisos, national convention “finali-|:, pace or two in advance of her neighbors ties,” fugitive'-;slave laws, Kansas-Ne- in contributing to the country’s cause. braski bills had patched up a precarious j They Hastened dauntless.true to Freeflom’s trust, Deeming that honor more than all beside, hood and to hear the once familiar voices. They fought, retrieved it, but, so doing, died. You will pardon this personal allusion. Mysterious ’tis the gifts we most should prize— In response to suggestions from com¬ Our own free land; our hope of heaven above— • Are .ours at cost of boundless sacrifice, rades it was my purpose to review the j The heritage bequeathed by dying love. ■ O mgrate hearts that lightly rate the good services of Bedford county in the civil - Procured by precious purchase-price of blood ! war, to trace the various organizations in Though land and sea are thronged by unmarked graves which its soldiers were enlisted. But long 5 Of those who perished in that fearful strife; absence from the county and the pressure Though mountain, wild-wood, dank morass, the i waves, of other duties have compelled me to | , Hold in dark hiding many a corse whose life i Went out untimely for our country’s fame, abandon what else would have been a ‘ God’s records keep secure each honored name. congenial task to a more competent annal¬ j ’Tis therefore meet that on this hallowed day, Day most illustrious on our annals’ page, ist. Frail age and stalwart youth, the grave, the gay, There was peculiar appropriateness in In pious emulation should engage ] To rear this tribute of oblations tree, selecting this anniversary of American In¬ And consecrate it to their memory. ' dependence as the occasion for dedicating I Long stand its sculptured sentinel on high. this monument to the men of Bedford Mid storm andsun-shine,rain,and frost,and dew! Gleaming in morninglight and evening sky, county who fell in the struggle which An index pointing to the brave, the true. ;; Deal gently with its lineaments. Father Time, gave the nation a new birth, which mark¬ That it may ages tell of deeds sublime ! ed out a higher and nobler career of And shall no fruitage in our lives appear greatness. It needs no strained rhetoric, Of their grand work ? If else,they died in vain; ’Twere mockery the stately shaft to rear if we no lesson from its import gain; No deeper home-love in our hearts reveal— No new devotion to our country’s weal. Treason is lurking in our rescued land More foul than that which smote its flag in strife: Traitors there are, of sacrilegious hand, Who, vampire-like, prey on the nation’s life: By freemen’s bartered suffrages they feed; And prostitute their holiest rights to greed. True love of country Is a priceless gem— That nere’ was bought, that never hath been sold— Virtue that spurns the sullied diadem, And the enticements of the briber’s gold; That scans with scornful hate the pander’s wiles; And shrinks with loathing from the tempter's smiles. Forever mingle in each patriot breast— W 1th praises to our God who victory gave, And tender memories for the brave who rest Beneath the Union’s soil they died to save— Love pure, corruptless for our native land, And holy purpose by her Bag to stand; While righteous curses evermoie await, I All merciless the despicable knave— To honor, patriotism reurobate; Sordid and conscienceless, hell's ready slave— Who crawls, with slimy trail, to power andplace, COLONEL JOHN H. FILLER, By devious ways that damn, defile, disgrace, ' no effort of the imagination, to connect COL. FILLER’S ADDRESS. the revolutionary epoch with the later and more tremendous conflict. The pre¬ AN ABLE AND ELOQUENT ORATION. sent is haunted with the spirits of the past. Beneath the soil of Bedford county Thoughts and Sentiments that Deserve Pres- ervatlon—Bedford County’s Part In lie the hones of men who wintered with the Civil War. Washington at Valley Forge and follow¬ ed him in the march through Jersey. It | My old Comrades; contains the dust of some who participate Ladies and Gentlemen : It Is ten years since I have undertaken ed in the disastrous campaign of General Arthur St. Glair against the ruthless sav- to address a public audience, but when this summons came I could not resist the ages of the northwest frontier, and in the strong impulse to meet once more, and 1 war of 1812, which demonstrated the ex- l istence of a nation capable of maintaining perhaps for the last time, the survivors among the men of Bedford county who its rights on land and sea against the most had shared with' me the comradeship of ; powerful foes. There still remain a few the camp and field. I could not but yield survivors of that gallant hand who con¬ fronted death be fore the gates of Mexico. to the desire to greet the kindly faces into which I looked in youth and early man- The men of Bedford county to whom you, have erected this beautiful monutn^ ajor William Watson Post No. 332, G. ; ture generations the union and authority [ . R., appointing a committee of three 5j of the United States of America.” members thereof to solicit subscriptions < Lieutenant Eicholtz said: “Officer of for and superintend the erection of a sol- *1 the guard, station your detail near the diers’ monument within the limits of ' monument.” The order was obeyed. Jil the borough of Bedford, to commemorate “Let the guard of honor set up the symbo the services of all Bedford county’s sons of the army and let a soldier be detailed/jfr who volunteered to defend and perpetu¬ to guard it,” said the lieutenant. A sol ate the government of the United States. dier stood a gun with fixed bayonet agains * This committee requested all the G. A. the monument; canteen, haversack ant * R. posts in the county to co-operate in knapsack hanging from the musket. “Tin the undertaking, and on the 11th of chaplain will now offer the prayer of ded-^ March, 1889, representatives of a major¬ ication,” said the chaplain. The prayerV ity of the G. A. R. posts in the county was made by Rev. J. K. Andrews, chap¬ formed the Bedford County Soldiers’ 1 lain of the Bedford G. A. R. post. At its Monument Association. This associa- f conclusion Captain Metzgarsaid: “Atten¬ tion soon found their task no easy one. tion, comrades! In the name of the Disappointment met them at every step, Grand Army of the Republic I now dedi¬ but these discouragements only added to > ] cate this memorial shaft. I dedicate it to their determination to succeed, and after the memory of those who in the army rallying all our reserves we determined fought for our hillsides and valleys and about the first of last December to adver¬ plains and fell in defense of the flag: who tise for plans and proposals. Some thirty j on land and sea fought for the authority proposals were carefully considered, and of the constitution and fell in defense of the contract for the monument finally the flag; who on land and sea fought for awarded to the Ftyegate Granite Works their flag and fell in defense of the flag.” company, of Vermont. The moument is Miss Ethel Calhoun, costumed as the thirty-six feet high, of the best quality fine Goddess of Liberty, then drew the cord hammered granite, and weighs over thirty and the veil fell, amid the firing of a salute tons. The committee having its erection and the ringing of bells. The chaplain in charge claim that for the money ex- * pronounced the benediction, and the cere- 1 pended this monument is not surpassed mony was at an end. in beauty and durability by any memor¬ ial shaft iu the state of Penusyl vani i. OUR DAY, OUR DEAD, OUR DUTY.

A detailed statement of receipts and ex- ; Written for and Read at the Dedication of penditures will be published for the in¬ the New Soldiers’ Monument at Bed¬ formation of the public I now have the ford, Pa., July 4,1890. honor, in behalf of the Bedford County BY CHARLES N. HICKOK. Soldiers’ Monument Association, and in The vibrant bells; the crash ofvoeleyingarms; the name of all who have subscribed to- The wild hurrah; the bellowing cannon’s roar, Suggest of cruel war: yet war’s alarms wards its erection, to hand this monument Disturb our peaceful boundaries no more. over to the Grand Army of the Republic J Propitious tumult this, where Joy hath sway, of Bedford county ” And gentle Concord rules the festal day.

Mr. W. C. Kean said: “In the name of ’Tis Freedom’s birthday; and we hither come my comrades of the Grand Army of the i With shout and laughter echoing to the sky ! Republic of Bedford county, representing The fife’s shrill shriek; the roll of rattling drum, as they do all the soldiers and sailors who But voice our worship to The Lord Most High; Whose fiat broke the haughty foeman’s power, defended the integrity and authority of And wrested triumph from misfortune’s hour. the nation, I thank you and those whom Hail wondrous dawn! No brighter day hath earth; you represent for this memorial shaft. It No fairer landmark notes the passing years assures us' that our dead are held in re- i TfIf“ which celebrates a nation’s birth, membrance—those dead who gave their I l}" °£“Passion and baptized in tears. A nu Vn f.ounrtatlons planted broad and free. lives for the security of the citizens and And, thrice, new perils crowned with victory. the union of the states. There can be TAmlfr,r rHe Him’whil?t uPor> our tongues no doubt that the honor you pay to the Clml/ll L^ i'tS areyearnings for our dead; Whii»1Dt’ re£r®*'s commingle with our songs patriotic dead and to their memorable ThThravJ HreCa1' the ?ameS of them Who bl<«- T ’ d?ar ones who freely, nobly gave ^ deeds will serve not only to make Ameri¬ Then lives, their all, our threatened laml to save. can citizenship more reputable, but to - When treason’s hand assailed our fathers’ flag, From1!!?? lts blood-bought honor in the dust; id and valley, glen and mountain crag. x m - - ^ 1'W'li ' __ . V I fhe parade formed on Penn street. It court house and other buildings which ye ,ved down East street to Pitt, along ornament our ancient borough. Thirty t^t to the Cumberland road, then count- years ago, when the handraf rebellion inarched to Juliana street, passed out was raised against the benign government j Ilian a to Simpson, along Simpson to established by our fathers, and, in the in¬ ichard, along Richard to Penn, and terest of slavery, an effort was made to ong Penn to the monument It was destroy this union of states, more than one •obably the finest parade that ever took thousand citizens of Bedford county vol¬ lace in the county. unteered as soldiers to uphold the stars THE DEDICATION. and stripes, the banner of the free. War An immense crowd was gathered on is destruction. It means sacrifice and tie squares when the procession leached suffering and death. To perpetuate our the monument. There was a large plat¬ institutions patriotism in the men of the form on the northeast square for the use nation is as necessary as virtue in the wo¬ | a the public. The choir, under the di¬ men. Both sides were not right in this rection of Mrs. T. H. Lyons, occupied a war, One or the other was terribly platform on the northwest square. The wrong. The event proved the justice of* platform for the officers of tbe day and our side. The immutable principles of the participants in the exercises stood al¬ truth God never deserts. They finally most in the middle of the street, at the prevail, and the hand of Providence is base of the monument. Hon. J. H. Long- visible to a dispassionate observer. eneeker presided, with the following vice “And this monument has been erected presidents : Col. Lewis A. May, Captains to tell the story of our patriotic volunteers : Martin S. Hertz, Isaiah Conley, Eh Eich- to future generations, so that the young 1 eiberger, Hezekiah Hammer, Thom is H. men of Bedford county hereafter may, if Lyons, John D. Horn, Josiah Hissong, needs be, at the country’s call go out to 1 K. Little, James A. Robinson, Drs. war with brave hearts to stand by the Americas Enfield, J. L. Marbourg, C. P. government which has cost so much of Calhoun, M. H. Datwiler, W. W. Van- treasure and of life to establish and pre¬ Ormer, Lieutenants John Keete, Alfred serve. It is constructed of enduring gran¬

Gracey, John Nelson, Wilson W. Sparks, j ite and will stand for centuries, a perpet¬ J. B. Helm, Thom is King, R. W. Cook, ual tribute of respect to self-sacrificing John Amos and E. S. Aslicom. Lieut, j devotion to country, and a stimulus and James Cleaver acted as secretary. The | incentive to deeds of heroic courage. choir sang “Let the Hills and Vales re¬ “Of the Fifty-fifth regiment of Penn¬ sound.” President L mgenecker intro¬ sylvania volunteers three companies were duced Dr. Charles N. Hickok, who read recruited in this county, one of which the poem that will be found in another was commanded by the gentleman I now place on this page. Hon. W. M. Hall introduce to you, who afterwards became then arose and nude the toilowing re¬ major and finally the lieutenant colonel marks : of the regiment. Captain Thomas H. “Fellow Citizens I have been re¬ Lyons and Captain S. S. Metzger also quested to int’odnee to you the orator of commanded companies of that regiment, the day. To those of you who are, as he and on this stand here beside me are a

is and as I am, three score years of age,he i number of others who took a prominent needs no introduction; but a majority of part in its org inization. With eminent ij this large audience are younger men and appropriateness the committee having in women who have come upon the stage of charge the erection and dedication of this active life since the termination of the monument have therefore selected as the t(i war which we have assembled to commem- orator of the day, whom I now have the d orate with this graceful monument erect- pleasure of introducing to you. Lieutenant sf ed by the citizens of Bedford county to Colonel John H. Filler of the Fifty-fifth p(i those of her sons who volunteered to de- regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers, who a,| fend the imperiled life of the nation. He will now address you.” id was bora and reared in this community, Colonel Filler’s address followed, and tjl although his residence has been elsewhere is elsewhere reported. Captain Metzger tc for a number of years. His father, an then said: Wji architect 'and builder of reputation and “Mr. Chairman: On the 18th of Octob¬ pytuding, many years ago erected th< er, 1888, a resolution was passed by At SMtesSaBj

MONUMENT, ana presented a very formidable ap¬ pearance. T. S. Gilchrist was marshal of of Knights of the Golden Eagle from Sax¬ the fourth division, and his assistants ton, Bedford, Osterhurg, Everett and were O. D. Doty and Luther Piper. The Pleasantville. The fifth division was com¬ Saxton band furnished the music for this posed of Odd Fellows. Levi Smith was yivision, which was composed of i log;: the marshal and Josiah Amos and F. H., Brightbill were his assistants. , wagon loads of beer were consumed anon wagon loads of legs were made limber, t there was not a disturbance during the 1 day and not an arrest was made. Not a 1 hitch occurred in the programme of ex- P ercises. Everything was carried out just ‘ as it had been planned. Even the weath- js er behaved beautifully While the sun Was Bedford’s warmed up to his work as the day ad¬ vanced, no rain fell until half past five, Celebration. and then there was a delightful shower that laid the dust and cooled the atmos¬ phere. BANNERS AND BUNTING, MUSIC AND THE PARADE. MARCHING. There were between 1,500 and 2,000 men in the parade, and it is an unusual thing to say about a parade that it started TOWN FULL OF PATRIOTS on time. Capt. S. S. Metzger was chief marshal. His aids were Major James F. Mickel, Capt. John Eichelberger, Dr. D.

Thousands Flock to the County Capital to L. Hetrick and Lieut. William P. Barn- Celebrate the Glorious Fourth and dollar. Capt. R. C McNamara was mar¬ Witness the Dedication of the shal of the second division. Following Soldiers’ Monument. him was the drum corps that made music It was Bedford’s biggest day. Her ‘ in the streets of Bedford for the volunteers streets were packed with people from day¬ for the war with Mexico almost half a cen¬ light until dark. All the county seemed i tury ago. Martin Milburn played the fife, to be taking a holiday. Hundreds reached John McMullen the side drum and Joshua here by trains on Thursday, and it was ; Mower the bass drum. These gray and well that they took time by the forelock, : grizzled old men stepped along as briskly ^ so to speak, for the railroad accommoda- ' and furnished as lively music as boys of tions were entirely inadequate on Friday [ ' sixteen. After them came a carriage con¬ and many were unable to get here simply taining four veterans of the Mexican war, because there was not standing room on Col. John Keefe and George C. Leader of the trains. It was scarcely daylight when Bedford; Capt. A. E. Schell, of Schells- the stream of vehicles began pouring in. burg; and David Over, of Hollidaysburg. From all quarters came the living tide, « Then followed Company I, Fifth reg¬ and by noon there were ten thousand peo- ^ iment National Guard of Pennsylvania pie on Bedford’s streets. It was an or¬ and a squad of veterans of the rebellion, derly, good natured crowd. Although the latter under command of Capt. John D. Horn. Lieut. William G. Eicholtz commanded the second division. It had two bands, the Hopewell and Everett, | and was composed of the following or- \ ganizations: tne Grand Army posts of Bedford; Everett, Schellsburgand Saxton; Hopewell and Everett camps Sons of Vet¬ erans, Bed ford Cadets, commanded by Pres¬ ton Metzger. Capt. I K Little, assisted by S? C. W. Bruner and J. W. Simonds, mar¬ shaled the third division. The City band, of Huntingdon, headed the division and was followed by the Saxton camp Patriot ic Sons of America. Then followed the Osterburg band and St. Clairsville camp; the Bedford band, Bedford camp, Schells¬ burg camp, Ray’s Hill camp and the Rainsburg camp. The members of the last named camp were mounted on horse- 33

of the approach of age. He is the picture of health, and is as active in business life as many who area score of years his junior. Few Bedford county soldiers have had a rougher experience than Major D. W. Mullin. He was enrolled as a mem- ifE”” her of the fiist com- Bmtk \ pany that went the front and was one of the last reach home. He: much hard service \ and participated in a ^ large number of en- ' gagements. Per- haps his duties in *ma,t. d. w. mollin. , the field were not as severe upon him as j the long period of suffering he endured in ! southern prisons. Had it not been for his I extraordinary constitution,he would hard- < ly have been among the number who j gathered here last Friday. He has been a resident of Bedford many years and now makes his home at the Washington House, i Capt. Thomas H. Lyons, one of the j vice presidents on Friday, was early in^ the field when the call to arms was sent i forth. His ambition *| received a check two , years after his enlist¬ S ment when bad health compelled him to re-' turn home. But he did not remain here that time we may be assured that Bedford long. As soon as he ^unty will bear its full share of the bur¬ den and the sacrifice. was able for duty he

SOMEOFTHE SURVIVORS service and served un- j, capt. t. h. Lyons, til the close of the '■ WHO WERE AT THE DEDICATION war. He was for a time on the staff of ,

|| Veterans of the Camp Who Have not Yet An¬ (General Rutherford B. Hayes and later swered the Last Koll Call to Which served under the great cavalry leader, All Men Must K* t-pond. Sheridan, fie is also a resident of Bed- Friday's ceremonies brought to Bedford lord. a a large number of tlie survivors of the Another old soldier who makes Bedford I nj great conflict While death has been busy his home is Major Simon Decker- 1 in the ranks during the twenty-five years hoof. He entered the service as a captain U that have elapsed since the close of the and was commissioned Hi war, a considerable majority of those who a major at the close of f hore prominent parts the war. Though now J1L B in the struggle are well advanced in years, R still with us. Hon. he is a very active Ik S man. He is a con- J. H. Longenecker, who presided at the tracting carpenter, and WBfaif//A dedication ceremonies fiequently went out as a lieuten¬ es as much work in 1 F' ant and returned day as some of the a ft horn e as adjutant of young men employed Wm IwN ® his regiment. Except by him. At the present ma.t.deckeruoof, for ltis whiteagjfehuip-j tie i", ■■; " „.:n the rebuilding of In September, 1861, Hezekiah Hammer 1863. In February, 1864, he recruited enlisted as a private in Company K, Fifty - Company A, 184th regiment and served fifth regiment He rapidly advanced un- as its captain until the ch se of the war. til he became captain of the company. At He was in the battle of Tolopotomy creek the battle of Chapin’s May 29, 1864. At Cold Ilarber June 3, Run, Ya., after several 1864, he commanded the regiment and led color-bearers had been I the charge, receiving two slight wounds. shot down, he rushed In this engagement the killed and wound¬ forward and secured ed in his company amounted to just one the colors. For this half of the company. He participated in gallant conduct the the engagements in front of Petersburg $ commanding general from June 16 to June 22, commanding the recommended him for regiment on the latter date. After having I promotion. In the lost heavily in killed and wounded, he winter of 1864 he was was taken prisoner with his whole com¬ capt. hammkr. detailed as aide-de-camp mand. He spent eight months and eight on General Fairchild’s staff, but at the days in the prison pens of Libby, Macon, ' request of the members of his company Charleston and Columbia Twenty out he declined the honor. He was again of twenty-eight of the men who were i recommended for promotion for gallant taken prisoner with him died at Ander- conduct at Hatcher's Run. On April 2, eonville and Florence. Capt. Evans is 1865, while in command of the left wing now a prominent resident of Everett. of the regiment at Fort Gregg, before Eli Eichelberger was commissioned Petersburg, he was struck by a minnie first lieutenant of Company F, Eighth ball. His right wrist was shattered and regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, April he was so seriously wounded in the left 23, 1861. At Meciianicsville, Ya., .Tune ) arm that amputation between the elbow t 26, 1862, all the commisoned officers and and shoulder became necessary. After spending six weeks in the h< spital he was nearly the entire com ■ sent home, but iu a short time afterward pany were captured. rejoined his command. The company Eichelberger spent the was detailed for provost duty at ¬ greater part of his pe¬ field, Ya., where it remained until August riod of imprisonment 80,1805, when it was mustered out. Capt. in the Libby pen He Hammer was offered and declined a high was exchanged Aug. rank iu the regular army One of his 14, and a week later 1 most cherished possessions is a handsome joined his company. and valuable sword, presented to him by On September 19,1863, he was commissioned ! — ' ' - J the members of his company. He is now CAP. EICHELBERGER leading a quiet existence at his home in captain. He was wounded May 6, 1864, , rieasantville. in the Wilderness, and on September 1. \ On November 1, 1861, N. C. Evans en¬ 1864, was mustered out of the service. Capt. listed in Company D, 101st regiment Eichelberger is in business at Saxton. Pennsylvania volunteers. He was made Capt. Josiah Hissoug lives in Napier February 8, 1862. He township He enlisted as a private April ; went through the entire Peninsula cam 23, 1861, in Capt. Filler’s company. At paign, taking part iu the expiration of his term of three months, >• the battles of Wil- he enlisted as first duty sergeant m Capt. * liamsburg and Fair G. Shannon Mullin’s company; was made Oaks and the Seven orderly in 1862; sec¬ Days’ fight. He was ond lieutenant Octo¬ also in the battles of ber 30, 1864 ; first Kingston and Golds- lieutenant December borough, North Car¬ 15, 1864, and captain olina, December 14 to February 15, 1865. 17, 1862. On April| He was wounded in jj 24, 1863, he resigned the right shoulder at H on account of ill health capt. evans. Drury’s Bluff, in the but when the Confederates invaded Penu¬ left wrist at Chapin's lt sylvania he recruited a company. He Farm, Va., and in was commissioned captain July 3, 1863 jj capt. hissong. the right hip at | but was not called into servi^j, - the Hatcher’s Run, Va. The last wound was - r-ei2L--s,ev.pja» nnft anrf if. sf.i11 fane H reat suffering. Capt. Hissong and John looie, the latter also a member of Capt. 1 v illei’s company, were the first Pennsyl- ania soldiers under lire. While on pick- \ IcC- t duty near Williamsport, Md., in 1861, v | hey were fired upon by the enemy, but Jscaped unhurt. The first three years organization to m_ y. _ leave Pennsylvania under the president’s £■ —-—==- requisition of July, 1862, was the 138th BEDFORD COUNTY BOYS regiment. Company F, recruited in Cum- her land Valley,was commanded by Capt. WHO MARCHED TO THE FRONT.

ewis A. May. At the first change in Sketches of the Organizations to Which Our officers May was elected major. The reg¬ Men Were Attached—A hong hist of iment rendered Honorable Names. liplendid service, par¬ THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. ticipating iu the bat¬ This regiment won the distinction of tles of Brandy Sta¬ being the first body of men from Bedford tion, Locust Grove, county that responded to President Lin¬ the Wilderness, coln’s fiist call for troops. It was com¬ Spottsylvania, ColdJ| posed of the following officers and enlisted Harbor, Monocacy, men : Opequan, Fisher’s Captain, John II. Filler; 1st lieutenant, II*1 Mill, Cidar Creek, Edward S. M<'pps;2nd lieutenant, William Petersburg and Sail¬ P. Barndollar;lst sergeant,John B.Helm; or’s Creek, besides a lt. col. may. 2nd sergeant, Alexander C. Mower; 3rd dozen skirmishes. In several of these en¬ sergeant, William Bowman; 4th sergeaut, gagements Major May commanded the William H. Nultou; 1st corporal, Henry regiment. In recognition of his services, C. Kay; 2nd corporal, Oliver K. Ramsey; he was on February 12, 1865, made lieu¬ 3rd corporal, John W. Barndollar; 4tli tenant colonel. The photograph from corporal, George W. Wentling. which the al ove portrait was engraved Privates : Thomas Armstrong, John Wr. was taken during the war. Col. May is Boehm, Brochiel Bartholow, William A now living in Rainsburg. Boor, Jeremiah Brown, Alexander Brad¬ One of the privates in Capt. May’s com¬ ley, Zachariah Borland, John Hock, pany was M. S. Bortz. He rose from the James W. Davis,Richard Davis, Harrison ranks bj^ris own merits. He was com¬ Defibaugh,David S. Elliott.Samuel Elder missioned second lieutenant January 19, William T. Filler, Theophilus K. Gates, 1863, first lieutenant October 1, 1864, and Robert Guy, Justice Golipher, Frederick captain Februa¬ Horning, Josiah Hissong, AVilliam IJafer, ry 9, 1865. He Alexander H. Hafer, Aaron Hill, Alexan¬ was in all the en der Hildebrand, Edward Jacoby, David gagemeuts in Kerchner. John Kreiger, Jacob Kegg, which the regi¬ William Katder.John T. Kelly, Ezra Kay, ment took part Samuel Lowery, Augustus Lightningstar, / and was wound¬ George W. Murssliower, Clement R. Mil¬ ed at the battle ler, John H. Miller, Thomas K. Mellen, of Cedar Creek. Washington Mullen, John Moore, William He was mustered Medley, Hiram McMilleu, Matthias Mc- out with the reg¬ Girr, Frederick Mohre, Richard Pilking- iment June 23, ton, Jacob B. Peck, Franklin II. Poor- 1865. He is now man, William J. Perne, Eli B. Ramsey, a resident o t Frederick W. Rabe, James Saupp, David CAPT. BORTZ. S. Steel, Francis M. Sleek, William Shel- Cumberland Valley township. The above lar, William Stailer, Samuel B. Tate, engiaving is also made from a war time Samuel Tobias, William Washabaugh, photograph. , ,_ fi Richard Williams. William Wilson, Hugh Wilson, Michael Wonecb. On the morning of April 25, 1861, filled with enthusiasm and patriotic devotion, 2 i •“V. i •

r*"'l ) a^4 —■ „ „_ company left Bedford, reached Uamp my s cavalry which ftung upon the flan Curtin near Harrisburg and were muster- j and rear of the army in considerable force. ed into service oa the same day for a On the 21st the troops were put in line of period of three months, with Thomas A. march toward Harper’s Ferry, which Rowley, colonel; John N. Purviance. they reached after considerable difficulty. lieutenant colonel, and W. 8. -Mellinger, The march was t hen continued to "Hagers major. On the morning of the 26th the town, Maryland, whence they were car¬ regiment was transferred to Camp Scott, - ried to Harrisburg over the Cumberland near the town of York, and on the 4th of Valley railroad. June it was moved to Chambersburg;and ipssi The men had now become disheartened. thence on the 11th to Camp Brady, re¬ They had undergone great fatigue without . porting to Colonel Dixon S. Miles, who accomplishing anything. Their term of commanded the 4th brigade, the first di¬ service had expired and they were urged vision of Patterson’s corps, with which on by demagogues to desert and go home;but the 14th they marched, and on the same good discipline had created a feeling o night reached Green Castle, Pa., the first confidence in their officers which gave actual march under arms and full equip¬ their expressed wish the same force as an ment. The march was continued on the order. The regiment was subsequently .following day to Camp Reily, near Wil- transported to Pittsburg, and on the 6th 'amsport, Maryland. As the advance day of August, 1861, was mustered out of *'olumn of this division on Sunday, the service. Within two weeks from the dis¬ 16th of June, the 13th regiment passed bandment, Colonel Rowley, with five through Williamsport, forded the Poto¬ companies, departed for Washington and mac and was the first volunteer regiment by addition of recruits the organization from the north to reach Virginia on this soon numbered twelve hundred men. route. A few miles in the advance Camp The nten had enlisted for three years, but Hitchcock was established, where the were not recognized by the state authori¬ regiment remained until the 18th, whan ties nor its officers commissioned until a all the troops of that corps, with cavalry large number ot the three years regiments and artillery, were sent to Washington. had been placed in the service, and al¬ On returning to Williamsport it encamped though among the first recruiting, it was in a position to command the principal mustered the One Hundred and Second. ford, and it was this regiment that furn¬ THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT—8th RE¬ ished details for fatigue duty in construct¬ SERVES. ing a permanent field work, for Capt. The companies composing this regiment Doubleday’s battery. were organized in Allegheny, Armstrong, On the 2nd of July the 13th and the 8th Bedford, Fayette, Green and Washington were detailed to garrison W illiamsport and counties, Company F being made up of to carefully guard communications with men from Bedford county, and the first the base of supplies. Deprived of their mustered into the service for three years much coveted position at the front, they from this county. Having been organ¬ now secured the Williamsport Ledger ized at Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburg, ■ ' office and commenced the publication of June 28, 1861, on the 20th of July it was the Pennsylvania Thirteenth,, devoted to ordered to proceed to Washington arriving the frivolities of the camp, the first num¬ there on the 23rd, it encamped on Meridian ber of which was published ou the 4th of Hill. The winter was spent at Camp July, 1861, and was continued irregularly Pierpont, whence on the 10th of March, until alter the battle of Antietain in Sep¬ 1862, the entire division advanced to tember of 1862. After escorting the Rhode Hunter s Mil!, Virginia, with the expecta¬ Island battery to Martinsburg. the regi¬ tion of joining in a general advance on ment was engaged in fatigue duty until the Confederate position at Manassas. In the 16th, when it moved to Bunker Hill, the meantime the enemy had evacuated his occupying the camps j ust vacated by the line of defenses and retired to Gordons- Confederates. From this place a march at ville, and thereupon the plan of campaign .a double quick was made to Charlestown. was changed by the commanding general, Near Smithfield a halt was called and a McClellan, and the reserve regiments line of battle formed and everything put ordered back to the Potomac. On the in readiness for battle, to protect the col¬ 12th the retreat was commenced and con¬ umn against a sudden dash of the ene¬ tinued tnrough mud, darkness and a de¬ luge of rain to Alexandria. From Alexandra, the 8th with its its officers and men. Oil May 26, 186- gaue qmrched to Manassas, thence to Warrentown, to Falmouth and the remuaut of the regiment was mustered to Fredericksburg, whence the entire divi¬ out of service The following is a list of sion was marched to Gray’s Landing and the Bedford county men: there embarked for White House, where Company F.—Captains, John Eicliel- it arrived’June 11, and again in company berger, Eli Eichelberger; first lieutenant. with ^e division resumed march to join Lewis B. Waltz; second lieutenant, James the Army of the Potomac near Gaines’ Cleaver. Mill. The division was then moved to Non-commissioned officers—John Paul, | the extreme right and took its position at ! John II. Williams, David Horton, Jacob Mechauicsville, where a battle was fought B. Linn, Jacob R. Calhoun, John B. on June 26, the first of a series known as Tobias, William H. Dasher, Edmund H. j| the “Seven Days’ fight,’’ the first regular White, John I. Leighty, George Heffner, engagement in which the Pennsylvania Luther R. Piper, George Horton, George eserves took part. Company F being Judd, William R. R tchey. upon the skirmish line and not getting Privates: George W. Amick, Daniel orders to withdraw., about two-thirds of it Adams, Levi Brumbaugh, James Barber, was captured, but after six weeks all were j John Barmond, George Brown, James A. exchanged. The battle of Gaines’ Mill, Bradley, Nathaniel Barmond, Emanuel 'I in which the 8th took quite an active part, Bowser, Joseph S Cook, James Capstick, followed on June 27. During the day John Carnell, Franklin Dean, Isaiah M. V following the 8th lay at Savage Station, Davis, W. II. H Eichelberger, Allison where on the 80th a battle was fought in Edwards, Christ. Eastwright, Hiram Ed¬ ill which the regiment lost sixteen killed and wards, Samuel S. F. Foor, Aaron Foster, fourteen severely wounded. In the bat¬ Mark W. Foor, William II. Foor, Henry tle of Malvern on the following day the Figart, Wilson Grubb, Robert Gamble, 8th was not actively engaged, being held Christ. C. Garlic, Alexander A. Garrett, in reserve. After the battle, with the lest James Gates, William Holdcraft, David of the army, it moved to Harrison's Land¬ Hedrick, Frank Holsinger, Zopher P. ing, where they arrived and encamped on Horton, Aaron Imes, Daniel Jordan, Wil¬ •Iuly 2. The loss of the 8th reserve during liam H. Kay, George Leader, Joseph the sqjjen days’ battles was two hundred Leichty, Jacob Lines, Daniel McFarland, and thirty. Joseph Maugle, Henry Marshall, David The 8th reserve was then ordered to Martin, William Malone, David Man- reinforce General Pope. It joined Mc¬ speaker, B. Manspeaker, Henry C. Pen- Dowell's 3rd corps near Kelly’s Ford and rod, John B. Penrod, Jr., Oliver P. Ross, participated in the engagements of the Joseph Ritchey, Conrad Robb, James 29th and 30th of August, losing forty- Shields, Henry Showalter, Charles S. seven men out of a total strength of one Smith, Cornelius Shoaf, Matthew P. hundred effective men. As a part of Shaw, David Scutchall, Thomas A Tay¬ General Hooker’s corps the 8th took a lor, George Micker, William H Wliisel, gallant part in the battle of Antietam on Alexander Warsing, JoelT. Young, Alex¬ the lGth of September. At the battle of ander Young. Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 1862, the 8th again displayed its gallantry | Company E of this regiment was re¬ and experienced a greater loss than at cruited from this county during the any other previous engagement. Almost months of August and September of 1861, half of the number was killed. and reported for duty at Harrisburg The reserve regiments were, in Febru¬ through its commander, Captain Henry ary, 1863, ordered to the defense of Rice, where, on October 9, the members Washington. In the spring of 1864 it was i | were mustered into active service fora term again called into the field and participated . of three years. On November 19 the regi¬ in the battles of ihe Wilderness and Spott ment dep arted for Fortress Monroe, and sylvania and in the series of conflicts after encamping there for a short time it which lasted until the 15th of May, and went to Hilton Head, South Carolina, on the 17th an order was received from where it was properly equipped. The the war department directing the transfer first engagement in which the regiment of its recruits and re-snlisted veterans to participated was the the attack on Fort Pu¬ 191st regiment and the mustering out laski, the 76tli and 8th Michigan having V een selecfeci To rnake tTTc assault. The Gates, Dominick Gillen, John Gephart, regiment was again stationed at Hilton William Hefflefinger, William Hutchinson, Head, where it remained until May 30, Daniel Hausebert, Jacob Hoffman, Sam¬ when it was ordered to report to General uel Jones, David O. Kyser, John F. Wright on North Edisto Island. Until King, John H. Kendig, Watson King, July 6, 1863, the regiment was engaged John M. Leary, Joseph, Long, Thomas in minor duties, taking part, however, Martin, Charles B. Meredith, Bernard in the expedition to sever communications McBride, Henry H. Nulton, David H. between Charleston and Savannah. Negley, William K. Parker, John Pfarr, In the attack on Fort Wagner, it Henry C. Pennell, Christian Packard, moved with Strong’s brigade, and on the William Riseling, Earnest Rousch, Clark 11th of July four companies of the 7th Royal, Henry C. Rodgers, Calvin Solm, Connecticut and the 76th, led by General Jacob Stoudenour, Joseph W. Snavely, Strong in person, charged upon Fort Seth S. Smith, Joseph Sutton, Daniel H Wagner, but were compelled to retire. Steckman, Bartholomew Thatcher, James In May, 1864, the 10th corps, of which Taylor, William Washabaugh, James the 76th regiment formed a part, went to Wiltner, Francis S. Eckels, John Fetter, Virginia and was made a part of the Army Matthew Spidel, William A. Ray, Wil of the James. It subsequently took part liam Demmings, David Johnson, Richard in the movements about Richmond, but Kelley, James A. Lewis, John E. Lem¬ the regiment’s final campaign was made on, William S. Lewis, Andrew Miller, with General Terry, which commenced Samuel Mills, Hiram K. Moore, Henry in the early days of January, 1865, and Morris, Benjamin F. Malin, Preston A, resulted in the capture of Fort Fisher, Miller, William Moore, Charles McCoy, the occupation of Wilmington, the march Warren Olds, Jacob Peterman, Daniel at Goldsboro, where Geueral Sherman’s Spangler, Ivory N. Stanchfield, Morris victorious host were joined, and the march B. Smith,Russel VanTassel, Gabriel Vast thence to Raleigh, where on July 18, binder,John Ayres, Simon Bemnage,Abra¬ 1865, the regiment was mnstered out. ham Baker, George Basore, John F. Boss, The Bedford county men were : J. H. Buckland, Gervase Bisbing, John Company E. I B. Burket, E. W. Chapman,Martin Con- Captains: Henry Rice, Clement R. Mil¬ ; rad, N. Diffenderfer, Paul Diffenderfer, ler, Richard P. Pilkington. Lieutenants: i Frederick Derho, Adonijah B. Drake, William P. Barndollar, Charles B. Land- Frederick Furcht, George H. Hosack, sang, Edwin H. Hickok, Levi Smith, ! Adam Himes, James Hershey, Thaddeus Charles Benserman. Sergeants : Charles j Hills, Henry S. Helsel, George M. Haz- S. Burns, Philip Huzzard, Uriah Mills, lett, Isaac B. Jayne, James Kennedy, Albert Knabb, J. M. Middleton, Alexan- Levi Keister, James Kelley, Horace Meri- ander Lyon, Artemus S. Bennett. W. F. thew, Stephen Mentz, George Null, Fahnestock. Corporals : Philip Shoutz, George W. Parsons, George Plentz, Ben¬ John Mortimore, William Lynn, Thomas jamin Reigel, John J. Randolph, Robert J. Swope, Alexander Moyer, George V. Stralian, Theodore Soistman, Jacob N. Kellogg, Abraham Patton, John W. Shuuk, Charles W. Walker, Thomas J. Boeher, Jacob F. Cypher, Levi J. Ag- Youug, George Alcorn, John Cunning¬ new, Theodore Klahre, Henry Burket, ham, Samuel Cauris, Benson Covey, John Leader, John W. Mittong, Simon John J. Faust, Edward Feese, George Warner, John E. Hills. Musicians: Sam¬ W. Fletcher, Henry W. Fenton, Harvey uel Wolf, William M. Lyon, David S. Goldsmith, Thomas Glidewell, Nelson Elliott, John Stoudenour. Hobbs, Martin Koehler, Nicholas Leip- Privates: William Adams, John Bloom, pert, Cyrus Miller, Haynes P. Meade, Joseph Buckenmoyer, John D. Brown, John Moore, Samuel Myers, Joseph Mc¬ Alexander Bolinger, Edward Cluster, Cabe, William P. Porter, Joseph Prills, Jonathan Cutler, Andrew Crick, George Joseph Pierrant, Theodore Polhamus, W. Cessna, William Corbett, Charles Wr. Patrick Ragan, James W. Reilley, John Caldwell,Henry S. Cypher,James Duffey, Rough, John Strellie, Charles Shay, Patrick Donahoe, John F. Eckles, Mich¬ Henry C. Taylor, Albert Wall, Henry H. ael Flidler, Simon 8. Fleigle, John Fink, Wise. Joseph J. Fetter Jos. Fetter, Jacob Fleigle, FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. P|»iigl_V1_Foor, Lawrence Gabe, Joseph Of this regiment companies D, H, K W;: ■■ S pw—i—, and a part of I were composed of Bedford : ..-r fifty-five men who went into battle,eigkty" (county men. The organization of the one were killed, wounded or missing. regiment took place at Camp Curtin, As the war drew to a close the regiment John PI. Filler of Bedford being elected was actively engaged in Virginia. On major, and consisted of thirty-eight offi¬ March 30lh and 31st, 1865, it added to its cers and seven-hundred and fifty men. renown at the battle of Hatcher’s Run, * They at once were sent south, and on the j on the morning of April 27th at Fts.Gregg 12th of December arrived at Port Royal, and Baldwin, and on the morning of the £ where a series of unsuccessful attacks 3rd, when Petersburg was evacuated o were made by the Confederates. The General Ord’s column, of which this was

summer of 1862 was spent by the 55th on a part, was hurried forward, marching i, Edisto Island. Many on account of the' sixty miles in two days at one time, to * severity of the heat perished. They took cut off the line of retreat. The Confeder- I part in the attack on the Charleston and ates were forced to march toward Lynch- i' Savannah railroad and afterward accom¬ burg. Early on October 7th another ef- J panied the forces in retreat to Hilton fort was made to prevent further retreat. Head. The 55th lost 26 killed and wound¬ On the morning of the 9th Appomattox Ij ed in this battle. court house was reached before Lee’s col- 1 After this the regiment performed pick¬ umns arrived, and where, assisted by et duty for about a year, when the ma-1 Sheridan’s cavalry, the retreating army jority of the men re-enlisted for a term of was brought to bay, and forced to sur-j three years. The veterans and recruits r render. Belonging to this regiment were J went to South Carolina March 23rd, 1864, the following men from this county : and in a short time were returned to Vir¬ Field and staff—James Metzger, John | ginia and assigned to General Benj. F. II. Filler, Solomon S. Metzger, John C. Butler's command, which was then oper¬ Geyer, Henry W. Fox, William A. Gil-| ating against Richmond by the right bank burt, Martin V. Sorbur, Daniel M. Won¬ of the James. It was not long, however, ders, William M. Walker, Joseph Keeffe,; until the whole army, consisting of forty Alexander C. Mower. thousand men,was “bottled up.” In the Company D. Captains: Thomas H. Ly-1 attack at Proctor’s Creek, the 55th stood ons, Solomon S. Metzger, William G. side by side with the 4th New Hamp¬ Moore. First Lieutenants : James Metz-F shire and gallantly withstood charge after ger, John S. Shoener, John D. Horn. charge until outflanked and almost sur¬ Second Lieutenants: B. Francis Babcock, rounded. During the series of battles John II. Barnhart, John B. Amos. Non- j from May 9th to the 16th, the regiment commissioned officers: Thomas H. Far- lost fifteen commissioned officers and ber, James E. Moore, Henry Wigamac, I three hundred men. V'.-f.;, .. James F. VanHorn, James E. Moore,t The regiment spent a short time at " Samuel J. Diehl,Andrew J. Penrose.Wil- Bermuda Hundred and was then dis¬ liam Bowman, John Swartz, Henry Wig- patched under General Baldy Smith to aman, William A. Boor, Orrier Vickroy, |j j support the Army of the Potomac, being Jerome Leonard, Henry Diehl, James S. assigned to the 1st brigade, General Stan- Murphey, Jacob Shenefelt, William C. nard,2nd division. The regiment did most Dorsey, Jacob Deppen, Samuel Gardner, effective and valuable service in the series Philip Leonard, Jacob B. Beck, William of battles which followed in rapid succes¬ Hartley, Daniel H. Edinbo, Henry Harp, sion, viz : Cold Harbor, in which it lost William Arnold, David W. Prosser, Sam one hundred and thirty-eight of its num¬ ml Kennedy, Wilson Spidel, Henry Gott- ber, the storming of the works at Peters¬ walt. Musicians: Edward E. Mower, burg, in which eighty-three of its men James H. Sloudeuour, H. Y. Arnold. were lost, the storming of works beyond Privates: Soluinou Adams,Jacob Burk- Fort Harrison. Bravely stemming a tor- et, George W. Buxton, David Boughter, rant of shot and deadly minnie balls, it Jacob Bennett, Henry Crouse, Henry reached a point within twenty yards of Berrimer, Charles Engle, John Gardner, the works; with its ranks almost annihi¬ Jeremiah Gordon, James Hogan, John lated and supports failing to come up, it Harbach, John Hogan, George Ivooutz, was forced to fall back, leaving the dead < Hho S. Knox, Joseph Keeffe, Henry G. upon the field, to fall into the hands of ybarger, Henry C. Lashley, Daniel the enemy. Out of the one hundred and j J TioaVilnv Tjiiir TiPvi finno' Al- ■ ■ 1 ™ LxanderMullin, Rankins Mickey, Joseph Xemonr^ebrge“£fomer, JosialT STee “ May, Alexander C. Mower, Philip Mur¬ Privates: Espy Gollipher, Philip Adams, phy, William , James Norton, Isaac W. Broad,Henry Bridenthal, David William Oyler, Daniel Phillips, William Bingaham, Samuel K. Carson, William ilisling, Edward Riley, Adam Ritchey, II. Croyle, Wilson Davis, David H.Darr, Edward Straney, Henry Shenefelt, Philip Ephraim W. Davis, Charles Davis, Smith, Francis Swartz, S. D. Summer¬ Thomas Drips, Henry W. Fox, William ville, Samuel Stickler, David Snowber- P A. Foster, Moses K. Garrison, Daniel R. ger, Reuben J. Semler, Jeremiah Thomp¬ Hammer, George W. Harbaugb, Henry son, Pius Warner, Theodore J. Arnold, Hand, John Kreiger, Thomas K. Sock- Henry H. Arnold, James Aulenbach, J. ard, John Miller, John Mars, John Moy¬ Bennetlium, Adam H. Pillman, Franklin er, JohnR. Rishing, John S. Rowser, Betz, Adolph Besse, George Bennethum, Thomas Drips, Philip Bowser, Hezekiah Daniel Bechtel, Lewis W. Fidler, Isaac Sleek. Charles Strackman.John Werring, M. Fidler, John Gramas, James M. Knapp, Christian Whittaker, Cyrus Anthony, Jacob Kegg, David Little, William P. John Bohner, John Brookins, John Deck, Lewis W. Dehart, Henry Deck, Joseph Linninger, Elias Murphy, Abraham C. ■ Mower, Matthew Miller, John Newmon, W. Earnest, Edmund G. Fisher, Jacob 'William S. Neff, Abraham Oyler, William § , Fidler, James Goheen, John C. Gyer, j Frederick Goodman, David Holtzman, Parsons, Henry D. Smith,Isaac D.Smith, , j Benj, S. Smith, A. Summerville, Henry | John S. Fisher, Augustus Long, John D. l D. Squint, Jasper W. Smith, James S. J Miller, Hiram Matthews, John A. Moyer, White, Francis F. Yost, John Rose, Lewis William Moyer, William M. Moyer, Sam¬ Bright, John Boyle, John Cain, John uel Moyer, Harrison H. Mine, William Oole, Joseph Dagenfelt,Edward Furlong, Ij Pfile, George B. Robinson, Michael Shaf- Oliver Hammond, Samuel Hull, William j fer, Isaac Scholl, Daniel M. Wonders, Ilolb,Lawrence Ingoldsby,Edward John - John P. Wallace, John Andrews, Henry ^ son, Matthias Kenyon, Franklin Lewis, J Brasley, Jacob Darr, A. Franenfulter, John McCrossin, Jeremiah Richards, Hen- [John Gardner, William A. Gilwart, Wil- | ry Stahley, John Thompson, Daniel Wen- i liam Hammond, Charles Jackson, John ' rick, David K. Bollman, Shannon Brandt, Kessler, Thomas Keely, John Orust,Aug. Rislinbatt, James Rodger, Frederick Stat- Philip Burket. James A. Croyle, John f ler, John O. Sullivan, John Sullivan, Diehl, David Dibert, Espy Diehl, Daniel George Summers, John Snider, Robert Diehl, Andrew Fisher, Michael Gillem, J George Good, Adam Gardner, James W. Smith, Edmund Sclotherin. John L. Tra- ! vis, Thomas Taylor, Nathan Willetts, Gibson, George W. Gladwell, Frank j Samuel Anderson, Samuel Adams, John Hartzel, Albert Lininger, Daniel S. May, ' Adams, William Agnew, George W. Wilson B. Miller, James B. McEuespy, \:t Adams, N. F. Blackburn, John Benigh, John II. Mower, Clay McVicar, William ij Simon J. Beaver, William H. Beetz, H. S. Moser, Scott Phillips, William Ressler, William Riley, Washington Ruby, John 'j W. Bridenthal, Samuel Cole, Peter A. Ruby, Andrew J. Keed, Nicholas Sleek, | Corley, Charles M. Davis, D. L. Daugh- Levi Steckman, Jesse Smith, William W. | erty, George R. Garretson, Jesse Geller, Josiah P. Garretson, Samuel J. Hammer, L1 Weisel, David Walters. John Hyde, Thomas D. Hoover, Henry M Company H.—Captains: George S. Hillegass, John C. Hillegass, Benj Hess, P Mullin, John A. Livingstone, Josiak His- Nathaniel Hoover, James P. Kegg, Sam¬ | song. Lieutenants: John H. Miller, Wil¬ uel I. King, William Millburn, William liam A. Dennaker, Andrew J. Boter, u l' H. Miller, David Miller, James P. Mitcli- James P. Wogan. Non-commissioned el, Levi Meyers, Richard S. Mo wary, Al¬ officers: Daniel A. Hess, Henry H. Darr, bert J. Kiffle, Tobias Robinson, Benja¬ T John 0. Ealy, John H. Crouse, Joseph min Raudenbush,Philip Robinson,George ° Miller, Robert C. Smith, Eli Rinninger, C. StifHer, Daniel Smith, William W. Abraham Darr, Silas Gollipher, John E. I Slick, Ckas. Sleekier, Auterbine Shrader, Moyer, William M. Walker, Philip S. Allen Slick, Hezekiah B. Sleek, Jacob J. Miller, Solomon II. Miller, William M. Shaffer, William D. Shrader, Benjamin Amick, Emanuel Snooks, David E. Gar- Trott, Richard Wolff, Edmund Wolff, linger, Samuel Statler, William McCor¬ George Weisel. mick, William W. Feight, Isaac Ream, Henry C. Clair, John A. Long, Henry The names of the members, of Co. L, I county, could not be procurer man, William R. Noll, James O’Keefe, Company K. Captains: Joseph Filler, Philip PreSser, Edwin L. Rohn, Jeremiah Ilezekiah Hammer. Lieutenants: Ed Richard, Michael Roily, William Sliur, mund Bedell, Frank D. Saupp, John Im- David Snellrider, William Smith, Henry ler, Henry W. Fox. Sergeants: William '"1 Stahla, James Shine, Michael Shield John L. Martin, George Ewing Leach. William Thompson, Daniel Wenris, John Allison, A. Mock, Daniel B. Ritchey, William A. Nathaniel Allison,Edward Allison,George Maloney, David C. Ling, J. L. Rade- H. Agnew,Daniel L. Bowser,David Bow¬ baugh, John Crist, Peter Kinsey, John ser, Gabriel Charles Bush, John Burk- Cobler, Henry Drenning, John J. Dibert, heimer, Baltzer Burket, Frederick Burk- Joseph B. Mock, John Robb, Ferdinand et, George M. Beisel, Henry Claar, Fran¬ Ritchey, Thomas Leach, Albin C. Arn¬ cis Cobler, Alexander B. Corle, William old, Theopk. L. Gates, Francis E. Crist, Cessna, Solomon Crist James Diehl, Lewis ' Henry Miller, Daniel Hagerty, Isaac Fla- Dull, Daniel L. Dehart, Daniel L. Ed¬ !i > gle, George W. Herring, Henry Hilde- . wards, Josiah Edwards, George Ellen- j brandt, John W. Gondon, Moses F. Mar¬ burger, William Feather, Richard H. $ shal, Andrew Turner, Frederick Sanno, jr Freeburn, Adam Flohr, Joseph N. Gor¬ Joseph Tewell, Chauncey Corle, John don, Francis L. Gardner, Alexander Har¬ T. Hunt. Musicians: James C. Hughes, vey, John S. Howard, Wilson Harbaugh, & D. W. Radebaugb, Josiah Haley. Pri¬ Robert Harbaugh, Henry Ickes, Edward vates: John Allison, David Allison, Wil- * V. James, John A. James, David Kiuton, liam Allen, Nicholas Bowser, Jacob Isaac Ling, Henry H. Lorah, Frederich Bloom, James F. Byerly, Andrew But H. Luther, Winfield S. Lee, S. C Mussel- ler, John Bloom, Michael S. Corle, John man, Emanuel E. Mock, George W. Man- Claycomb, Frederick Claycomb, Henry gus, John D. Mock, Charles McMullin, Cable, Eli Corle, John Coffee, Joseph Det- Tobias Mock, Andrew Mock,Michael Old¬ wiler, John Dannaker, Jacob Dibert, ham John Palmer,Andrew Placher,David Alexander Earnest, Jacob Exline, Wil¬ Ritchey, Joshua Tripplet, John Ritchey, liam Frazier, William Gordon, John W. Jeremiah Strotton, Joshua St.ambaugh, Gonden, Abraham Hyde, John Hileman, George W. Shaffer, Jonn F. Welsh, Sam¬ Eli Harbaugh, James M. Holler, Jonas uel Wysong, John Wilson. Kipp, Peter Kinsey, Sr., Jacob Kinley, ONE HDNDKED AND FIRST REGIMENT. Joseph Iveeffe, John Leapold, Josiah L. Company D and the greater part ot Lehman, William Leash, John Mashbaum, Company G were composed of Bedford William A. Maul, Nelson B. Miller, John county men. Organized at Camp Curtin W. Miller, H. L. Marshall, Anthony in 1801. it remained there until February Mock, Thomas Moran, Joseph C. May, 27, 1862, when it left for Washington and Malachi B. Mock, Andrew Rollins, Jonas upon its arrival went into camp on Meri¬ Ritchey, George L. Reese, Sabastian Shaf¬ dian Hill,where it was assigned to Keims’ fer, Jacob Stingle,Jeremiah Smith, Henry 2nd brigade. From March, 1802, until R. Shull, John Saupp, Andrew J. Sleek, March; 1803, the regiment participated in Isaac Wentz, Henry Wentz, John Wentz, all the movements,skirmishes, battles and Adam Wentz, Samuel Wysong, Jacob vicissitudes in common with the brigade- Allison, Martin Corle, Martin Croyle, During the peninsular campaign it was Samuel Hunt, William Bauman, Jacob engaged at the siege of Yorktown and the Bercliman, George H. Bucher, Cyrus fight at Williamsburg. Its colonel and Butler, T. Burningham, Joseph S. Bells, many others sickened and died amid the Max. Brown, George Culp, James Culp, swamps of the Chickahominy, while for John F. Crocheron, Henry S. Dauner, a time but few of the survivors were able Robert Day,Charles Eagan, Aaron Epler, to perform the duties required of them. Aaron Fritz, Ephraim Garman, Conrad In the engagement at Fair Oaks, May 31, Neill, Isaac Haun,Oliver Hammond,Sam¬ 1862, nearly every third man was either uel Hull, Reubin Hilburt, Jacob Kurtz, killed or wounded, but the slaughter which Cyrus Kepbart john Koch, Benj. II. Lo¬ it the inflicted upon enemy was terrible. tah, John Laughlin, James Lee, Gustavus When this campaign had closed the brigade Lappert, William M. Miller, Augustus was ordered to , Virginia, and after¬ Marquart, Jeff. H. Murthart, John Myer, ward to North Carolina. The winter was Joseph Myers, John M. Crossan, John spent in Hyde county in an effort to break McElroy, James McFarland, John New¬ a band of guerrillas infesting that lo- ity. Among the other engagements in Peter Clingerman, George W. Cornell, i which the regiment did valiant service Robert A. Clark, Amos M. Cameron, | were Swift Creek and the attack on Ham¬ Jesse V. Cooper, Jacob Defibaugh, Jacob ilton, the latter resulting in the capture England, Josiah Emerick, Francis L. M. ! ol all of the regiment except a few absent Foor, William B. Filler, William C. Fil¬ j on furlough or detached service. The ler, Michael Gilliam, Daniel L. Hetrick, captured were Colonel A. W. Taylor, Ad¬ Caleb Hanks, David H. Hanks, Nelson jutant J. H. Longenecker, Quartermaster Hanks, Thompson Hanks, Joel B. Hick¬ Thomas King, Assistant Surgeon William son, Alexander B. Hagerman, Simon P. McPherson, Captains Bowers, Compiler, Kegg,William B. Kennard, David Layton, Sheafer, Clark, Freeman, Mullen,Benner, John Layton, Andrew J. Mills, Watson and Dawson, Lieutenants Davidson,Kirk, Miller, John F. Mower, James P Martin, Morrow, Heppard, Conley, Werrick,Cub- • * Jacob H. Mills, Jacob Moss, Martin D. bison, Beegle and Helm. The prisoners Miller, G. E. McEldowny, William Mc¬ were marched to Tarboro and afterward Donald, James Oler, Martin L. Potter, taken to Andersonville, where the enlist¬ John Pittman, John Potter, Christian ed men were imprisoned. The officers Page, Abraham Ressler, Jonas Robison, were sent to Macon.Georgia, being joined John Ruby, John Robarts, William Sparks, there by many Union officers from Libby James P. Siler,George W. Smith, William and other prisons throughout the Confed¬ Strong, Joseph Smith, Andrew J. Smith, eracy. They were afterward removed Anthony Sheaffer, Daniel F. Switzer, successively to Savannah, Georgia; to George Truax, George H. Tate, Samuel Charleston, S. C.; to Charlotte, N. C., Veach, George W. Wolford, Geoige W. and were finally discharged at Wilming¬ Wilson. ton, N. C., in March, 1805. During their Company G. Captain : David W. Mul- imprisonment a majority of the officers of lin. Lieutenants : Isaiah Conley, John -the 101st escaped at various intervals, as B. Helm. Sergeant: Jacob Z. Over. Cor¬ *heir own daring and heroism prompted, porals : A. Lightningstar, William H. c Rad after incredible hardships and suffer- Knipple. Musicians : George R. Garret- •uigs, some of them succeeded in reaching Sj suu, Franklin G. Norton. L. the Union lines at far distant points, while - Privates : James Anderson, Joseph others were captured and returned to Brown, Henry Boerkamp, Joseph J. Ban- prison to suffer redoubled torments in pun¬ non, Abraham Beltz, John Defibaugh, ishment of their temerity. Among those William H. Evans, James M. Fickes Jus¬ who thus earned their freedom were Cap¬ tice Gollipher, Solomon Geller, Jacob A. tains Bowers and Dawson and Lieuten¬ Hite, David Hite, William B. Huffman, ants Conley, Helm and Davidson. What Abiaham Hull, Moses Hazlett, John remained of this regiment was mustered Hoffman, Andrew J. Knipple, Thomas out June 25, 1865. The following are King, Martin Lybarger, Henry Ott, John the names of Bedford county men : C. Pfeifer, George J. Rock, Thomas W. Field and staff:—J. H. Longenecker, Slick, William Slick, William Showman, Thomas King. Samuel K. Slick.

Company D. Captain, Alexander Com¬ ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH REGIMENT. piler. Lieutenants: Daniel F. Beegle,Na¬ This command was recruited in the than C. Evans and J. H. Longenecker. counties of York, Franklin, Dauphin, Sergeants : S. J. McEldowr.y, Abraham Cumberland Lebanon, Lancaster, Schuyl Rice, Henry Sime, Reuben M. Stone, kill, Luzerne, Mifflin, Juniata, Bedford Isaiah Evans, Benjamin A. Hanks, Akers and Fulton and organized at Harrisburg, J. Hickson. Corporals: Isaac F. Shoe¬ March 5, 1802._ On the 9th it went to maker,Kegg and Smith, Jacob D. Brown, Washington and encamped at Kendall John Besser,Isaac Rice, Henry S. Richey, Green. April 2nd the Potomac was cross¬ Jacob C. Hanks, Levi Kegg, George F. ed and about the 15th the regiment was Shoemaker, John F. Keagy, Amos F. attached to Duryea’s brigade of Ord’s di¬ Smith, William C. Stuckey. Musicians : vision, afterward attached to McDowell. Ephraim Vaughan, Franklin G. Mills, After participating in the various move¬ John W. Vaughan, John Oyler. ments in the Shenadoah Valley against Privates: Samuel D. Brown, William Stonewall Jackson the regiment engaged 11. Bequeath, Daniel Barkman, Peter W. in its first battle at Bull Run on the 30t Booty, John W. Brown, Daniel Beam, ay of August. Again at South Moun- & O. railroad until March, when the reg¬ Kaiu ou the 14th of September, ami at An- iment participated in a movement toward Jtietam on the 17th the men of the 107th Strasburg. Tj^feommand bivouacked at ‘performed prodigies of valor, losing in the latter place on the 19th and on the the two battles eighty-five men killed and 20th went into camp near Winchester. In wounded. At Fredericksburg on the 13th the meantime General Shields succeeded of December considerable »loss was sus¬ to the command of the division. Soon after, a battle, the first in which the regi¬ tained. Moving forward with the Army of i, the Potomac to Gettysburg, it there with¬ ment took an active part, was brought on stood the storms of battle during the 1st, at Kernstown, about four miles south of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th days of July, 18G3, los¬ Winchester. Thereafter under the direct ing in all two hundred men. In Febru¬ command of Shields, Ricketts, Whipple ary, 1864, almost the entire army re-en- and Birney as division commanders, and listed and took a very prominent part in McDowell, Franklin and Hancock as the closing scenes of the war. It was commanders of a#fny corps,the regiment mustered out of service at Washington performed most arduous and gallant ser¬

July 13, 1865. The following Bedford vice until the close of the ivar. Its dead __ _v. county men served in this regiment: Capt¬ and wounded marked the fields designated ain: George W. Z. Black. Lieutlnants: in history as “Winchester,” “Front Roy¬ Samuel Lyon, William Gracey. Sergeants: al, ’ ’ “Port Republic, ” “Cedar Mountains, ’ ’ George W. Lysinger, Uriah Sparks, “Second Bull Run,” “Fredericksburg,” George Riley, Alfred Gracey. Musician, “Chancellorsville,” “Gettysburg,” “Wil¬ John Salkeld. derness,’’“Spottsylvania,” “North Ann, ” Privates—John Buck, Peter Cornelius, } “Tolopotonny, ” “Strawbery Plains,” Joseph Chamberlain, John Christ, Jo- I “Deep Bottom, ’ ’ “Poplar Spring Church, ’ ’ seph Connor, Levi Clianey, John Eiden- and “Boydtown Road.” The names of baugh, Enos Ellis, Abraham I. Foot, the officers and men from this county are: Levi H. Figart, Andrew J. Foor, Jon¬ Captains: Ezra D. Brisbin, John R. athan S. Foor, Samuel Fetter, W H.Foor Kooken, Isaac T. Hamilton, James C. G. W. Foor, John I. Foor, Jeremiah Hamilton. Lieutenants: George W. Foor, Edward Gracey, James A. Grove, Burley, Henry C. H. Kay, Charles Cope- James A. Gracey, William Heckerman, lin, Samuel Kinley, William Roberts, James Hinish, George Mullinix, Daniel Martin M. Maxwell. Sergeants : Thomas McAlwee, George W. Riley, James A. G. Livingston, James C. Bell, Samuel Ritchey, Jacob Riley, William H. Rohm, Tobias, David C. Zane, Benj. Shoemaker, John Shoaf, Thomas L. Salkeld. John W. Plummer, William H. II. Shim- er, John Moorse, Charles Andrews, Sam¬ ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT. uel B. Schwartz, Simon B. Stonerook, Company C, of this regiment was form¬ Ambrose K. Taylor, Alexander Croft. ed in the summer and autumn of 1861, in Corporals : John A. Beegle, D. R. P. Morrison’s Cove, the members, with but Swaney, Andrew Border, William Kane, few exceptions, being residents of that Levi M. Bulger, George P. Kelley, John part of the county. It was soon taken to W. Smith, David Price, George W. Max¬ Camp Curtin, where a regimental organ¬ well, Thomas J. Greenland, George W. ization was effected, and on the 2nd of ; Smith, Joseph Gates,George L. Hartman. January, 1862, it proceeded by rail to Ha- Musicians : Charles Schroder, Samuel II. gers'own, Md., whence it made a forced Tyson. march to Hancock to oppose the Confed¬ Privates : James W. Gainsworth, Amos erate forces under Jackson at that time Abbott, John Almsker,George Afflerback, threatening the place. Arms were first John Atwell, William A. Andrews,Charles distributed at midnight on the 4th and the Andrews, WTilliam Allen,Jonas W.Brooks, regiment at once became a part of General F. M. Brumbaugh, John Banks, Daniel if. W. Landers’ command. After consid¬ H. Bowman, John Bailly, George W. erable long-range shelling by both Union Beard, Andrew Bulger, Samuel Blake, and Confederate artillerists, Jackson push¬ John S. Border, Thomas Blake, George ed on to Romney, and Landers to Cum¬ Bowman, John Border,Simon Blake John berland as a counter movement. Subse¬ Coble, Hilary Chilcoat, Isaac Chilcoat, quently the 110th was assigned to thi Isaiah Copelin, John W. Castner, James Taylor brigade. The troops were engag- Chamberlain, Jacob Cramer, David Col I lege, James College, John W. College, disbanded. The following is a list of David Carpenter, John M. Davis, John men from this county: Field and Staff: Dively,Porter R.Davis,James Dougherty, John B. Casterer. Company C. Captain, i Martin Davis, Oswell D. Evans, David L. Alexander Bobb- Lieutenants: John C. Everhart, Samuel Fockler, George W. Hawman. Samuel D. Williams, George Fisher,Michael Fitzharris.John Fur: eson, Aschcom Sergeants: James J. Barndol- Oliver Fluke, Albert I. Garrett, Joseph j lar, Cyrus Madden, Samuel Langdon, Gailly, John G. Garrett, Jackson Gillson, I Simon P. Lewis, John L. Fletcher, James Martin Gates, Samuel Gates, William H. 1 Cornell. Corporals: Adam Fulton, Wil¬ Gates, M. C. Householder, Richard Har¬ liam Nycum, Joseph R. Sproat, William wood, Jackson Hicks, J. P. C. Hartman, H. Hanks, David W. Jones, William Josiah Holsinger, Jacob Householder, Derno, .Jonathan B. Edwards. Musicians: Alex. N. Hays, Jonathan D. Heltzell, Ed¬ James B. Butts and James A. Shade. ward Helm, John C. Hamilton, Thomas Privates: James Armstrong, M. D. Hart, Jones Irwin, Jarrett Irwin, Edward Barndollar, Job Blankley, George M. S. Justice, Samuel Johnson, David Kelly, Bayer, Isaac Barget, William P. Brown Thomas Knode, William Leer, John Laux- James E. Barndollar Jacob Castner, Jo¬ man, Ephraim N. Lindsey, James Lang, seph Chamberlain, Daniel Carson, Josh¬ Thomas Lauonison,John Lightner, James ua H. Cooper, J. W. Daugherty, Daniel

Moniham, Samuel Murry,Jacob Manning, j S. Elder, George W. Evans, John W Hezekiaa H. Miller, Daniel Myers, Fisher, Henry H. Fisher, David Figart Dennis Morgan, Andrew Miller, John E. Joseph E. Foster, William Fairman, Pas Miller, James McCoy, James Mcllneay, ter Clark, John W. Gates, Jacob Gogley James Newton,George W. Olinger,Henry James H. Gogley. Edward Gallagher, Al Powely, Wiliiam H. Swaney, William S. bert II. Hanks, David S. Heltzell, Jon¬ Swaney, Jonathan A. Sutton, William athan A. Horton, Adamlmler, Edward H. Speer, Austin Shoemaker, Samuel H. Justice, John W. Johnson, J. Z. Kochan- Smith, Aaron B. Stonerook, Richard F. doffer, Samuel Keagy, David Kauffman, Stout, David S. Smith, George Seabrooks, John Lysinger, Joshua T. Lucas, J. S. George Schmittle. James Straley, William Longenecker, John S. Melone, Jacob B. Tetwiler, David Thompson, Jacob Tet- Miller, Jacob W. Miller, John L. Meloy. Mathias Mock, Harrison Mock, Morgan wiler, George Tasker, Silas D. Wilt, James Morse, Jacob M. Mentzer, Lewis McDan¬ A, Wilson, Samuel G. Wallace, James A. Woodward, Clark Woodcock, Sylvester iel, George McDaniel, Daniel McDaniel, xllexander McCullip, James M. Nevit, B. Woolett, Edwin Young, George N. William Osborn, Benj. Over, David Young. Protlierow, Daniel Price, Jesse Peck, ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD REGI¬ John Potter, John Perrin, James Roy, MENT. Thomas Reed, Gyms Riffle, Adam Rich¬ Companies C and K were composed of ter, Adam S. Ritchey, Alexander Ram¬ men from this county. The regiment was sey, George W. Swank, John Satchall, a nine months’ organization, was recruit- Jacob N. Smith, William Stoudenour, ed in the summer of 1862. On August Joshua Stoner, R. M. Skillington, D. R. 19,it departed for Washington, D. C.,and j P. Swaney, George E. Stailey, Samuel upon its arrival reported to General Cas- I Switchall, John H. Saglor, John M. Van ey, who immediately ordered it forward I Horn, William Wilkinson, Charles Wil¬ to Arlington Heights, where it was brigaded ! liams, Henry Wertz, Jonathan Whitaker, i II with the 123rd, 131st and 134th Pennsyl- : David L. White. Company K. Captain, l vania regiments. The battle ot Freder¬ Samuel B. Tate; 1st Lieutenant, James icksburg was the first in which this reg¬ H. Pilkington; 2nd Lieutenant, Michael iment engaged. Thereafter the regiment Dawney; Corporals, Harris Finley, Wil¬ participated in the general movements of i liam J. Welsh, Thomas H. Barch, Mich¬ the Army of the Potomac. At Chancellors- | ael Ott, W. I. Weaverling, Abraham Shaf¬ ville May 3, 1863, it was actively en¬ fer, Henderson Souser, J. F. Weaverling.: gaged, but sustained a loss of only one Privates: E. W. Gaster, Joseph H. killed and nine wounded. Its term of Sparks, William Amick, Thomas C. Black service soon after expired,and returning to burn, Simon Blake, J. A. Boor, Abraham Harrisburg, on the 19th it was paid ai ^ Bruckbide, Henry Border, Joseph S. Bus- sard, Louis Connor, James A. Croyle, Robert Campbell, David Connor, David n dan, it was attacked in the tangled thick Duukle, Simon Dunkle, William Evans, p ets of the Wilderness. At Cold Harbor Valentine Fink, James F. Foor, William ? on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of June the Fleegle, Henry F. Gibson, William Gib- regiment again behaved most gallantly, sou, Harvey Grubb, Jellis Gray, Freder- J sustaining a loss of seven killed, fifty-four ick Hartman, John O. Hoffman, William wounded and seven missing. Hayes, Herman I. Klalire, David Lam- ij Early in July Ricketts’ division was bertsOD, Hezekiali Mellone, Solomon rapidly transferred by cais and transports, Naugle, Jacob Mills, Samuel Meizel, Ja- ’ via City Point and Baltimore, to Monoc- cob Moser. Henry Mumper, Jonah Mc¬ acy, Md., and there awaited the advance Clellan, John McClellan, George B. Mc- of the enemy under Early, who with a Cleary, Joseph Newcomer, J. Emanuel powerful division of Lee’s army, was ad¬ vancing on Washington. Soon after this Reiley, William Reiley, Samuel Shaffer, a new military department was created Andrew G. Shroyer, William Snider, and General Sheridan assigned to its com¬ James Sparks, Samuel Stoudenour, Mar¬ mand. His army was composed of the tin Spielman, Edward Steel, Levi Steel, 6th, 8th and 19th corps, with a force of Sopher P. Shaw, David F. Steel, William cavalry attached from the Army of the Thompson, Simon B. Yeagle. Potomac. A vigorous campaign was at ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHTH REG- I once inaugurated, and in the actions which IMENT. followed, near Springfield, on August 29, Recruiting for the companies which at Opequan, September 19, and at Fisher's ultimately composed this regiment was Hill, three days later, the enemy was commenced under the call for volunteers routed and puisued to Harrisonburg. On 1 for the nine months’ service, but before October 19 was fought the memorable the ranks could be filled an order was tr battle of Cedar Creek, which began when issued forbidding the acceptance of more Sheridan was “twenty miles away,” and * men for a less period than three years, i on November 2 the regiment, with other Hence the terms of enlistment were troops, was taken to Philadelphia, where chaoged to three years. Companies D, it remained in camp until the 11th, when E and F were recruited in this county in it returned to Sheridan’s army, then near the summer of 1862, and reporting at Winchester. Early in December, how¬ Camp Curtin, were mustered into service ;: ever, the corps returned to its place in the on the 29th day of August. army before Petersburg, and during the The regiment immediately proceeded to winter it was stationed at Fort Dushane. Baltimore, reported to General Wool, then ! In the series of marches and battles which in command of the Middle department, began on April 1, 1865, and closed by the and was by by him ordered to duly at the surrender of Appomattox on the 9th day Relay House, the Washington junction of the same month, the regiment actively of the B. & 0. railroad. The regiment participated, sustaining a loss of three remained here on guard duty until June hundred killed and twenty-three wound¬ 16, 1863, when it moved to Harper’s Ferry ed. About two weeks after the surrender and joined Elliott’s brigade of French’s the 6th made a forced march of a hundred division, 3rd army corps. Thenceforward miles to Danville, Virginia, to the support it participated in the general movements of Sherman; but it was not needed. The of the corps during the summer and business was attended to by Sherman’s autumn, but sustained very slight losses own veterans. On June 25 the regiment until it met the enemy at Mill Run, on was mustered out of service. November 27. The following were the Bedford county In March the smooth-bore muskets, men in the regiment: with which the regiment was armed, were Field and staff: Lewis A. May, James exchanged for Springfield rifled muskets, j W. Curry, John W. Feight, Lawrence and in the reorganization of the army Defibaugh. preparatory to the opening of the spring : Company D.—Captains: John S.Stuck campaign, under General Grant, the 3rd ey, Oliver Horton. Lieutenants: Josiah ill division of the 3rd corps became the 3rd Baughman, John A. Gump, Emanuel division of the 6th army corps. General . Fisher. Sergeants: William Foster,Simon Ricketts in command of the division. . C. Stuckey, Jonathan Snider, William The army moved on the 3rd of May, and Ferguson, William S. Slick, John B. j on the 5tli, soon after crossing the Rapi- J ' .ham i Hammer, Elias B. Stuckey, Henry Me j baugh, Henry H. Feight, John Fait, ■$! Clary. George Baughman. Corporals: George W. Fleegle, Simon M. Feather, >a John E. O’Neal, George Gillam, Isaac George W. Feather, Abraham Feight, )& Ling Allen Kinton, Job M. Beegle, Hez_ Isaac Gordon, Charles Gardner, Josiah IS ekiah Barkman, Josiah Huffman, William j Glenn, James A. Gilchrist F. B. Hoen- H. Lowery, Erastus J. Hickson, Joseph stein, Daniel G. Heltzell, Simon Heltzell, J. Price. Musicians: Solomon R. Thorpe \ David Hoenstein, William Heltzell, Eph¬ and John W. Thorpe. raim Y. Imler, George R. Imler, Daniel Privates: Noah Allison, Joseph Allison, Imler, John Jackson, Nathaniel Kegg, John A. Beltz, George W. Beals, Isaac S' George Long, John D. Leonard, Henry Burket, John Burket, James W. Bivens, J O. Leonard, William Lemmon, Joseph Nicholas H. Beals, David Barkman, Wil¬ Lay, Lewis Mock, Biven D. Melloy, liam Corle, John S. Deacon, Elisha De¬ Malachi Mock, Tobias Miller, Isaac Nico- vons, Harvy Evans, George Heilman, demus, Jacob Price, Daniel J. Price, Wil¬ Emanuel Harbaugh, John A. HocUard, liam Riffle, Jacob J. Robinson, Matthias Daniel Heilman, George Ickes, George Reighard, Jacob Richey, John Richey, W. Ickes, Nathaniel James, Thomas William H. Rea, James Rollins, Jacob B. Kurtz, .lohu H. Kenard, John B Kinsey, Stevens, William Struckman, Nathaniel William H. Ling, Emanuel Lowery, Stiffler, James Saupp, Henry Speck, John Robert II. Jjease, William F. Lucas, . Stiffler, Miles N. Smith, Andrew H. Wise, ( Joseph G. Leasure, John E. Lowery, John Samuel Ward. I Layton, Jackson Lape, Nathaniel Lea- Company F.—Captains: Lewis A. May, sure, Thomas Miller, Aaron Mick, James Martin S. Bortz, John W. Feight. Lieu¬ Moore, John Mullin, Emanuel Mock, tenants: C. P. McLaughlin, Christ. P. Thomas J. Miller, William McVicker, Calhoun. Sergeants: Levi Cook, Joseph * James Naugle, Bernard Nycum, Freder¬ Barkley, Jesse Miller, Harry Shaffer, John j ick Neff, John Nycum, Emanuel O’Neal, W. Mauk, Frederick Mowery, John Gel- Hezekiah O’Neal, John Oaks, Philip Por¬ ler, Jacob Whip, Jackson Miller, Samuel , ter, Joseph Risling, William W. Ramsey, May. Corporals: Jeremiah Moser, Daniel . James S. Iiadcliff, Henry Roland, Wilson Wolford, Marcus May, Joseph Cobler, H. Stuckey. Frederick A. Sellers, Moses j Henry C. Ritchey, Marion Statler, Eph¬ Shroyer, Philip H. Steckman, David Sni raim C. Miller, Joseph Shtoyer, Frederick der, Charles Summerville, Matthew P. G. Ritchey, John B. Steckman, Martin T. Taylor, Jacob Thorpe, Jacob Witt. Philip Foor, Shannon E. McCoy. Wentz, John Yarnell, |Jesse Yarnell. Falvuies; Albert Armstrong, Franklin Company E.— Captiin: Simon Dicker- Boner, Daniel M. Ball, Linton W. Bing¬ hoot. Lieutenants: .John Getty, Thomas ham, John A. Boor, John Diehl, William 1 A. Prideaux, Reuben W. Cook. Ser¬ Earnest, Lewis Elder, William Feight, I geants: Francis M. Slack, William T George Geller, George W. Holler, John » Filler, Daniel Beard, George W. Gray, Holler, Samuel Hunt, John T. Hunt, William B. Amick. Corporals: James E. James Heckerman, Calvin Hardin, Robert Over, Abraham Carpenter, Samuel Bark- F. Henderson, David Kingsley, Peter fj ley, Andrew Cobler, Samuel Ridenbaugli, Reighard, Noah Tipton, James R. Vick- George W. Barkley, John Claar, Harrison roy, Janies Kellerman, William Kelly, f H. King, William Ake, Francis Steck¬ Henry Kelly, Oliver Lotvery, Abraham man, Martin L. Conley. Musicians: John A. Baughman, Lawrence Defibaugh. Miller, Hiram May, Henry Miller, Chaun- cy Owens, Samuel Robb, David Rush, Privates: John G. Ake, John Benner, George W Robb, George Smith, Jacob Nicholas Beaver, John W. Bailey, Smith, John W. Smith, Tobias Shaffer, William Bailey, David Burket, Joseph Thomas Shaffer, Simon Smith, Adam ?! Burges, Jacob Breigle, Andiew Biddle, Smith, Conrad C. Stuby, David Smith, ^ Moses G. Bagley, Levi Blackburn, Joseph George W. Troutman, John Valentine, Blackburn, Adam Beltze, James Craw¬ William Wagerman. ford, Harry Couch, John H. Cook, Con-

j rad Claycomb, Joseph Carrell, Allen Cob¬ ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIRST REGI-

ler, Jacob Carl, Franklin Carl, Jacob C. M ENT. Claar, Abraham Carl, David B. Crane, Samuel M. Clark, Daniel Carrell. Samuel This regiment was organized at Camp Critchfield, Valentine Dull, William Defi- Curtin about the middle of November, /" ,""_r

. • ^ V> F-

1862, to serve for nine mouths. Com¬ Robert Nelson, Andrew Plecker, John lit pany I contained the men from Bedford A. Potts, Andrew Pennel, Jeremiah county. It proceeded to Suffolk, Virginia, Robinet, Jacob Stuft, Alexander K. where it arrived early in December. On Shrimer, Solomon Stirtz, Elias Snow- the 28th it marched from there to Bal¬ berger, Henry Stutman, William Shull, lard’s Landing on the Chowan river, and Isaac N. Spade, Joseph B. Snowberger, thence proceeded by transports to New Abner W. Slick, William Stuft, James Berne, North Carolina, arriving January Sharp, Lorenzo D. Shipley, John Turner, 1, 1863. It was soon assigned to Spinola’s John Ware, Noah Wigfield, Samul W. Keystone brigade, 3rd division, 18th Wilhelm, Thomas G. Walker, William corps. Near the close of June the regi¬ Wilkinson, Tallifero Wertz, Michael Zel- ;l ment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, to ler. join in a demonstration toward Rich¬ ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH REG- mond, as a diversion in favor of the IMENT. Union army at Gettysburg. It remained Company A of this regiment was re- L in the vicinity of White House until July cruited in Bedford county and was muster- f 7, when it was ordered to Harper’s Ferry, ed into service for a term of thiee yeais, H arriving on the 9th. On the 15th the reg¬ May 12, 1864 It immediately moved i iment marched to Boonsboro, and thence south and joined the Army of the. Poto- U to a position in a pass of the South Moun¬ mac on the 28tli of May as it was crossing fa tain, remaining until the enemy escaped the Pamunky river. It was assigned to into Virginia. It then moved to Freder- the 2nd brigade, 2nd division of the 2nd |jt ck, and, on August 5, was ordered to corps. It was engaged in skirmishing at ■ Harrisburg, where, from the 6th to the Cold Harbor, and on the 2nd day of the p 8th, its men were mustered out. Tiie fol¬ battle led the brigade iu two despeiate as- |l lowing comprises the names of Bedford saults upon the enemy’s works, losing . county men : Captains Amos Robinet. sixty-seven killed and one hundred and ; >a Lieutenants: Jacob S. Kettering, Mor thirteen wounded.In the twenty-live days I rison B. Morrison. Sergeants, George M. of fighting and skirmishing which follow- | Leasure, James H. Knox, James S. Good- ed over half of the number perished or fj on, Harvey M. Ressler, Robert Callahan, were captured. The small company which jf William A. Grove. Corporals: Amos remained joined the Deep B. ttom expedi- I Harbaugh, Joseph Fisher, Michael Feath¬ tion and afterwards took part in the as¬ er, John Callihan, Asa Johnson, George saults on Petersburg and the battle of Miller, John G. Leasure, Henry Ruby; Hatcher’s Run, October 26, wlie e the Musicians: Abner Smouse, Jeremiah winter was passed. Clingerman. On the 14th of April,camp being broken, Privates: David Bennett, Daniel Bash, the regiment again took i.s place in the Daniel Blattenberger, James B. Blatter- line of battle in front of the enemy. On baugh, John Ball, Valentine Bowser, the 2nd in connection with nearly the en¬ Jacob D. Burket. Joseph Bayer, Abra¬ tire army, it moved to the assault, break¬ ham Bennett. David T. Berkly, Alexan¬ ing the enemy’s lines and capturing liis der Corle, David Connor, Jacob Casson, works, with but small loss. It then moved Michael Devore, John Dicke, John K. H. north with its corps in pursuit and skirm¬ Elliott. Enos Ellis, Abraham Emigb, Har¬ ished as it went until it reached Appo¬ rison Fetter, Henry Fetter, Joseph B. mattox Court House, where the Confed¬ Fetter, Job Fetter, George I. Gam, Elias erate army surrendered. The following Hooke, George Hooke, Gastion Haw, were from Bedford county : James Hook, Joseph M. Haller, Martin Captain, N. C. Evans. Lieutenants: Hoover, William Hook, James L Heft, Morrison B. MunsoD, Adam B. Cam. Ser¬ Wesley B. Howser, Alexander Ickes, geants, William II. Ralston, John H. Lewis Johnson, Thomas Jay, William Knox, Daniel Croyle, Josiah N. Smith, Johnson, John Jay, George Keel, Joseph Jacob Z. Over, John W. Defibaugh Clingerman, John King, Hugh Linn, Corporals : Daniel W. Phillips, John T. Thomas Lawhead. Franklin Lunger, Cook, John Whitman, John Lee, John James Logue, Elzy Leasure, Bart¬ Barber, Michael H. Price, George W. el ley Miller, Christian Miller, David Boston, Matthias Imler, Barton C. Smith, *1 II. Miller. Daniel PI. Miller, Israel Jacob Lire, Hetman T. Klalire, David H. / Moses, Jacob Mowery, Thomas Miller, Stuckey, Christopher Eusley, William Ghast. J V 021 hhbihl n •>Jv >V„>1 8. where they met part of tli Privates : Charles C. Adame, Philip S. force. After the union of the two detach¬ Brown, Espy S Bennett, Michael H. V ments at Hagerstown, the entire regiment Bowers, Solomon Bohn, Nicholas Berk- under command of Lieutenant Colouel heimer, David Barnet, George D.Brown, Greenfield, advanced with General Aver- Henry B. Blackburn, Levi Berkheimer, ill to Martinsburg. On August 31 the James B. Butts, Isaac Bechtel, Johu W. divisiou was attacked and driven toward Bailey, William Btowd, Martin P. Black¬ Falling Waters. On September 2 it ad¬ burn, George Bowers, Jacob Clevenger, ■ , -- vanced toward Dauksville. On the 3rd at Henry Clay, Jacob Dale, Samuel David¬ Bunker Hill and on the 4th ^t Stephen¬ son, John Dull, John Defibaugh, William son depot it was engaged with superior M. Earnest, William Frazier, John W. forces of infantry and cavalry. Furgeson, Solomon Gregor, Daniel Gil¬ Gen. Sheridan was now ready to move bert, Johu Hagan,Samuel Hartzel, Wilson upon Early with all his forces. On Sep¬ Irvine, Charles W. Johnston, Emanuel tember 18th the 22nd charged the enemy Jones, Charles Koontz, James Iveeny, at Martinsburg and drove them toward Franklin Devore, Jacob Leonard, Simon Winchester, closing the campaign with S. Lutz, Samuel Lay ton, William H. Leh¬ the battle of Cedar Creek on the 9th of man, Barnabas Montooth, Jonathan October. During the latter part of Octo¬ Maully, Matthias Mauck, Henry L. Mar¬ ber the regiment was in charge of a train shall, David L. Ober, Jacob Orris, James bearing the sick and wounded to Martins¬ Paller, John Price,George Rhodes,George burg, where it remained until the 20th of W. Reighard, Joseph Rhodes, Robert M. December, when it was ordered to New Skillington, Napoleon Sampstl, David Creek to guard the country against roving Snowden, John G. Stevens, Theodore bands of the enemy. In April, 1865. most Snowbr-rger, William Swooveland, Eman¬ of the men were mustered out of sesvice. uel Smith, Sylvester Wont, Thomas Turn¬ The Bedford county men who served in er, Christian Teeter, James R. Wilson, this regiment were the following : Edward S. Wright, Charles C. Wright, Company C.—C iptain : Thomas H. Ly William H. Waltman, Henry S. Watson, ons. Sergeants: David Weirner, Scott John Wolfhope, William Yeador. W. Hughos, Michael Ifearmer, Johu L.

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIFTH REG¬ Spitler, James H. Beeler, William B. Fil¬

IMENT. ler, William H. Hanks. Privates: C. M. Barkman, William This regiment, more generally known Bowman, David M. Cooper,Jacob Fletch¬ as the 22nd Cavalry, was formed by the er, Scott W. Fletcher, Harvy Grubb, Jo¬ consolidation of a battalion known as the seph Mowery, Henry Miracle, Denton O. Ringold Cavalry, with a battalion reor¬ Martin, Milton Nycutn, John W. Snyder, ganized from a force of live companies, John A. Snively, Elias J. Snyder, Peter which had been called out for a period of Whittaker. six months,at the time of the Confederate advance into Pennsylvania in the summer Company H. Captain : John C. Haw- of 1863. The six companies comprising man. Sergeants : Lewis McDaniel, Wil¬ this regiment went into service as fast as liam C Wilds, Lewis Connor, Jacob E. recruited in West Virginia, taking part in Riley, Simon Felton. Corporals : Simon the battle of Rich Mountain in July,1861, P. Showalter, Isaac Connor, William A. and in October, at Greenbrier and Rom¬ Stailey, Jacob Chamberlain,George Wilds, ney. Subsequently these companies were Alex. Eichelberger. engaged in the battles of Bell’s Gap, Privates: Samuel Ake, William H. Bloomery Gap, Strasburg, Winchester, Armstrong, James A. Barton. John W. Columbia Furnace,Two Churches,Rood’s Blackhart, Johu A. Nulton, George W. Hill, North River Mills, Dasher’s Mills. Houck, Samuel Leach, George Messer- They rendered most effective service as smith, Robert C. Miller, Simon Mellott, guards and scouts during the winter and James H. Reiley, John Ramsey, Wesley spring of 1863. When the Confederate A. Ramsey, Simon B. Seigle, Joseph j army invaded West Virginia in June these Wilt, George Wertz. John W. Woy, Gid¬ companies, with other Union troops in eon Williams. Sylvester Wilds, John Virginia, were summoned to the assist¬ Young, Jacob Emeigh, Nicholas Garlic, ance of the Army of the Potomac. They Jacob Kara, Benjamin Lucas, Barley rived near Williamsport, Md., on July Layton, Hiram Mellott, John E. Parsons, ! m

Peter Whittaker, James H. Youngf Gump, Andrew B. Garner. Levi P. Gar Company I.—Captain : Thomas H. Ly rett, Washington Hall, Samuel G. HeU ons. Sergeants : Thomas K. Bonnett, rick, William Henershi z, JohnC. Hamer, William B. Filler, William II. Hanks, James M. Iset, J unes A. Slack, Thomas William H. Burns. Jacobs, Joseph Jessner, Elijah Kettering, Privates : C. E. Blackburn, John H. Satnuei B. Huffman, William Leouaid, Beeler, Christian U. Buck, Christopher Joshua T. Lucas, David Linderman, Wil¬ M. Barkman, Job Blankley, William Bow¬ liam P. Long, Frank M. Masters, Wil¬ man, Johu H. Bouchman, William Barnes, liam J. Masters, John Morris, Henry John H. Brown, William A. Chambers, ■ Myers, Nelson Moore, William McMahon, David M. Cooper, John Chaileston, Scott L. H. Peck, Harry C. Penrod, William W. Fletcher, Harvey Grubb, George A. B. Reed, Simon D. Replogle, Jacob M Houck, Christian G. Lichty, Charles M. Rulin. John B. Richards, Adam J. Livengoxl, John W. Sinderman, Elias J. Ritchey, .Tohu C. Sparks, John Sparks, Snider, John Sipes,Seth S. Smith, Barton Henry Swartz, Calvin D. Suare, John W. Spidel, Andrew J. Saylor, Isaiah Foster, Swartz, Jacob E. Steeley, Augustus Henry C. Fletcher, Scott W. Hughes, ^ Skipper, Thomas Wertz, Benjamin F.

j George W. Hixson, Henry Merricle, Sam Whitman, Charles R. Whitehead, Rich¬ uel Martin, Joseph Mowery, Raphael Sig- ard Williams, Dr. John P. Ashcom.

S ler, Samuel Stevens, Jonathan Whitaker, TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENT. J William Winslow, Isaac B. Hicks. The ranks of companies H and K of this Other captains : H. II. C. Kay, W. L. regiment were well filled with Bedford Neff, Samuel B. Dutt, Daniel R. Kig: county boys.They were mustered into ser¬ rise, George N. Young. vice for one year at Camp Curtin.during s ONE HUNDRED ANT) NINETY-FOURTH REGI¬ the first week in September,1864. At Ber¬ MENT. muda Hundred the regiment was assign¬ This command was organized at Camp ed to a p-ovisional brigade aud remained Curtin on the 22nd day

* • * ; Skipper; corporals, Joseph Gates, Robert Wiley Himes, Philip V. Holler, Simon S. Shiner, James H. Way, Jesse Peck, Karns, Benjamin Kissel, John Kissel, Jacob M. Witters, John H. Will, Henry Abraham Lalla, John Leonard, Alexan ’er F. Gibson, Samuel Uglow, J. J. Housen- Messersmith, Jacob Mellott, Barton Mear- worth and James A. Shade, musician. kle, John Manspeaker, Samuel May, Privates : Jesse S Akers,George Beard, Martin Moser, William McDaniel, Jacob David B. Bulger, Josiah T. Barkley, Benj Naugle, Peter Osborn, David Rinard, F. Brown, Samuel Bankley, La Fayette William W. Ramsey, Daniel Ritchey, W. Burns, Daniel B. Bulger, Barney Bar¬ John F. Ritchey, David Ritchey, A. Sid ton. Alexander Robb, Jacob Colled ge, ney Russell, Augustus Snider, Ferdinand Adam Conner, Jacob Crawford, Ferdinand Snider, Isaiah A. Shaffer, Levi M. Shaffer, Clark, Simon Colledge, Alex. Culter, Levi James Sparks, Abraham Stuckey, William Cramer, Joseph L. Dougherty, John El- IJ. Smith, James H. Sparks, Israel Spen¬ well, W. S. Eichelberger, John Eshorn, cer, Levi Steel, William Shaffer, James William Frederick, W. D. Faulkender, W. South, John E. Satterfield, Robert Joseph Fry, Thomas Ferguson, John R. Summerville, Joseph Thomas, Warner FIuck, Stewart T. Heiner, Henry Gall- Thomas, David Weimer, Alva R. Wil¬ baugh, Jacob Geinger,George W. Gibson, liams, Daniel H. Whilt, Joseph William-, James W. Gallager, Ezekial W. Gaster, Samuel Wilkins, T. H. Weaverling, James John Himes, William Harvey, Jacob Ham¬ B. Wilkins, J. T. Weaverling, Ezekiel C mer, Jeremiah W. Hann, John Hann, Jo- Woy, Peter Young. ’ seph Hoopengardnerjames Hacher,David It is said that every surviving member r S. Johnson, David Kelly, George Keagy, of this company was honorably discharged. c William B. King, Philip Lehn, Isaiah ^ Lehman, A. M. May, Philip S. Miller, SECOND CAVALRY. . Bartley H. Miller. John McDonald, John | The following is a list of Bedford couu- ji R.Oaks, Nicholas Ott, Simon Peck, James i ty mm who enlisted in September, 1861, j Peightel, Adam Reichter, Job Robinson, under Lieut. William Watson Anderson. Joseph Ross, John W. Ritchey, John E. They were mustered into service, in Dc- , Rumel, Alexander Reed, Levi Stephey, cemper, 1861, forming pa'rt. of Company David H. Swartz, Wilson Sam«, William E, 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry: Frank¬ ,jvStoner, John A. Slick, Joshua D. Spruell lin Miller, Jacob C. Smith, William Baugh ,^Nicholas Uglow, Patrick N. Wilson, man, William S. Suters, Hayes Irvine, F. □((Stephen Weimert, William A. Walker, M. Hafer, William Hafer, John F. Sel¬ •(: David B. Wise, George Witters, Lewis lers, John Moyer, John W. Snowden, Hall. James Dicken, David Dicken, Andrew I1 CoxirANY K.—Captain: Adam Weaver- Frederick. Frederick Feiglit, Charles i(j ling. Lieutenants: Philip Bosser, Wilson Smith, Vincent Raley, Asa M. Spiiggs, i) W. Sparks. Sergeants: James R. O’Neal, Thomas Drenirng, Josiah Waters, Jacot >< William IJ. Gates, Oliver C. Ramsey, Tharp, John Elliott, Nathan Smith, Frank s James H. Foor, Wilson M. Williams, Elliott, Charles H. , George Hafer, tj Corporals: John W. Sams, George E. William Hemming, Eunnuel Wilkinson, ,r Stailey, J icob Chamberlain, George Riley, Jonah Nycnm, Upton Nycum, Augustus i Samuel W. Williams, J. S. Messersmith, Hemmuig. _ S Joseph S. Bussard, George W. Heavner. e Musicians: Henry Stailey, Simon Smouse- Privales: William Amick, Joseph Avey f'Emanuel S. Bussard, George W. Bow- f man, Willism W. Clark, Philip Chamber- BEDFORD, PA., MARCH 25,1892. r lain, Jolm Clark, Daniel Cornell,Em muel ' OnmmrConnor, SilllOllSimon OlorlrClark, William TJH Cor¬>. nell, Ezekiel Cook, Joseph R Colledge, Eli G. Chamberlain, John L. Davis, Wil¬ MB HISTORIC TOWl. liam Davis, Porter Davis, James IJ. Ever¬ hart, Pe'er Foor, John D. Funk, Jacob Many Interesting Facts and Reminiscenses Fletcher, Brazella Foor, Samuel French, Connected Therewith. Jacob I. Foor, Simon P. Foor, Peter S. Felton, Samuel T. Gogley, James JI. Giffin, Conrad George, John Householder, NAMED FROM THE DUKE OF BEDFORD. - Indians. Braddock’s Army. Whiskey Fort DuQueshe. Dol. Harry Boquet was Rebellion, dame and Sportsmen. commandant at the Fort and rendez¬ voused at Bedford with the Pennsylvania Lovers and Sweethearts. proyincial troops. Col. Washington who rendezvoused in Virginia in command of the Virginia, North Carolina, and Mary¬ Before writing up this brief sketch of land provincial troops joined General Bedford, during the 18th century, it may Boquet at Bedford. General Forbes in be a matter of interest to write the early command of four thousand British regu¬ traditions about the first settler, lars, the flower of the army, marched from Carlisle, and joined Boquet and Col. Ray, who located on the south bank of Washington’s forces here, and, with the the Juuiata in 1751, where several rude entire brilliant command proceeded on cabins, a stockade or fort were erected, their western campaign. and a trading post established by the bold After a successful campaign and the close of the seven years’ war with the pioneer; and from the importance of the French and Indians on the western front- location in the wilderness the site was ler. General Forbes, Col. Boquet and named after the original proprietor, Washington returned east and again en¬ Raystown. camped at Bedford where the entire com¬ mand of eight thousand troops halted Prior to the adveut of the first settle¬ several days to rest the fatigued army ment, the trail of the Shawnee and Dela¬ after the terrible march over the moun¬ ware came up from the father of waters tains. A thorough cleansing was gone and followed the banks of the Juuiata through with and the entire army was inspected and reviewed by the com¬ through the wilderness to the happy mander-in-chief. hunting grounds associated with the While on his northwestern march in early history of Bedford and its tributary 1759 General Stanwix, in command of a waters. brigade of Provincial troops sent out to protect the northwest, bordering on the There was a cloud of mystery connect¬ lakes, encamped at Fort Bedford for some ed with Ray’s history. After a period of time, preparatory to his long and peril¬ thrilling adventure, incident to trad¬ ous march through the wilderness. ing with the Indians, Ray very mysteri¬ Many official orders were issued, signed and dated at Fort Bedford and ously disappeared and from traditional dispatched from the post by the different facts it was supposed that he was betrayed commanders as official business to the by the Indians and carried off a captive governors or commanders-in-chief of col¬ or massacred, as he never returned to onies and states. While I have repeated some historical the settlement in after years. facts incident to Bedford’s early history, In the year 1755 the King’s House and yet there might be pages written of the some other public buildings were erected, thrilling trials, adventures and daring and by the supreme authority of King feats of the early settlers, who were driven from their rude cabins and improvements, George, the Provincial Governor, Penn by roving bands of Indians in their pred- changed the original name and substi¬ etory excursions into the settlements. tuted “Bedford,” after the Duke of Bed¬ The stockade or fort was the only safe !i ford. Hence all the official business was refuge for the families of the bold pio¬ neers. transacted through King George the II and III of Great Britain, until the war of the; whiskey insurrection. Independence achieved in 1775 by the During the summer of 1792, when the colonies. provisions of the excise law imposing a During the in tax on domestic distilled liquors were be¬ 1755 when our western frontier was over¬ ing enforced, to meet the demands of the government, for discharging the war debt l run by the French and Indians, Bed- of theRevolution,the officers in their efforts - ford was recognized as a very important to collect the tax met with great opposition inland military position and the provin¬ in several parts of the country, especially cial and British troops very frequently in western Pennsylvania. In the summer rendezvoused at the fort before marching of 1792 the insurgents organized in large over the mountains on their western bodies in western Pennsylvania to resist campaigns. the law by warlike measures, and a fear¬ Iu 1755 Col. George Washington in ful civil strife was pending just ripe for command of a detachment of General development. Washington was obliged Braddock’s army, when on his fatal march to issue a proclamation to .the insurgents. west^rendezvoused at Fort Bedford. Gen¬ Even this did not produce the desired re¬ eral Forbe’s army of ten thousand British sult. The officers of the law were fired and Provincial troops, in 1758 encamped upon, and driven from the country. To here, on their westward march over the enforce the law, it became absolutely Alleghenies to assault the garrison at necessary to call out an armed force. Washington made a requisition upon the

i overuors of New j ersey, .Pennsylvania, plenty as grasshoppers" in harvest. In Maryland and Virginia^ for fifteen thou¬ those early days thousands and tens of sand militia. The call was promptly re¬ thousands of wild pigeons flew over ye sponded to and Governor Tee, of Vir¬ ancient town, and the immense flocks ginia, being appointed commander by frequently spread out for a quarter of a Washington, at once assumed com¬ mile, and the rumbling noise sounded like mand and organized the militia and in¬ distant thunder. The expert marksmen vaded the disaffected districts. By the were stationed on the adjacent hills and fi presence of General Tee and the militia shot them by the hundred forces the rebellious proceedings were How vividly we can recall the thrilling suppressed and the insurgents dispersed circumstances of seeing two large black without any blood being shed. bears, at different times over on the hill A portion of General Tee’s army, a de¬ opposite the railroad station, and subse¬ tachment under Major General Morgan, quently one of them being captured by when on their western march made uncle Joe Claar and other noted hunters. a short halt at Fort Bedford. After the At that early period the old wooden close of the Whiskey Insurrection, Presi¬ bridge on Richard street and the hill dent Washington and prominent officials opposite the structure, were called Schell’s staff officers visited Fort Bedford, while a bridge and Schell’s hill. detached body of Tee’s army lay there a During those primitive days, on one short time prior to being disbanded. occasion we saw a large five pronged buck As we have given some historical matter rush up Pitt street with several hounds of interest in regard to Bedford’s early his¬ after him in hot pursuit. John H. West tory and settlement, we will now confine occupied the brick house on Pitt street, of our notes, on Bedford to a more recent date. more recent years, the residence of the The grandeur, sublimity and pictur¬ late E. Jj. AuCersOi!. Tbe front door esque surroundings of the quaint old being open the deer rushed in and up town of Bedford with the grand panorama I stairs to the second floor. Miss Fanny of mountains and foot hills dropping West a very attractive and beautiful gently into green pastures and verdant young lady was engaged at her toilet. fields still retain many of their ancient The monster gazed at her. She gave one charms and royal significance. shriek. A dozen stalwart men rushed up The mellow water of the blue Juniata stairs, captured the deer and took him flows on over pebble and bar in cadence, down and back of the houses above the as it did when the last war whoop of the river, killed, skinned and divided the Shawnee chief reverberated among the 1 venison among the captors. This is a re¬ hills, as he looked back to the rising sun markable deer story, but nevertheless and bid farewell to his native forest, be¬ true and recalls many interesting and fore crossing theAlppalachian chain to the thrilling events of Bedford’s early history. happy hunting grounds toward the set¬ Among the most celebrated hunting ting sun. grounds around Bedford in ye olden times Over a half century ago, majestic forest were the Funk farms, where the broad trees skirted these picturesque waters, acres were interspersed with hickory and the banks were wild and romantic bottoms, dense thickets, ponds and culti¬ with the warble of innumerable songsters vated fields, where broods and coveys of of every tint and hue. The streams were all kinds of game gathered from the sur¬ alive with fish of every class, and the for¬ rounding mountains to feed on the mast est and the streams abounded with feath¬ that was so abundant. Uncle Joe Claar, ered game. But alas I time rolled on. (so familiarly called) the veteran hunter’ The axeman came, and the storms of over bagged hundreds of small game, besides a half century have come and gone. The coons, possums and occasionally started forests are no more. The majestic trees up and captured a large buck or fawn are gone—gone forever, and we are old from these grounds. men, and those beautiful banks of our Many of the tables of the most fastid¬ boyhood are but a memory of the past. ious epicures of Bedford were well suppli¬ The old wooden bridge, (perhaps the first ! ed with game—an old fat coon, a possum j structure spanning the Juniata) we can or a saddle of choice venison, by the recall to our memory over sixty years j veteran hunter’s prowess. ago. The present iron structure on Rich- I Bedford’s heavy weight landlord, Will¬ ard street stands oh the same site. How iam Clark, (or more frequently called Billy strange the vision isMn part. Today the Clark), of Rising sun fame,the proprietor iron horse rushes along at the rate of of ye ancient hostelry of by gone years, sixty miles an hour, and the old laud thought nothing of getting away with a marks of our childhood are almost entire¬ whole coon, a fat possum or smile on a ly obliterated. quarter of venison. Billy was peculiarly During those early days a tier of ponds I constructed and fully developed for masti¬ at intervals extended from the woods—on : cating a big meal and prided hfinself on the Job Mann’s farm—almost down to the) his fine epicurean proclivities. Bridaham farm. They were almost entirely surrounded by thickets, and it was a poor A ROYAI, UNIQUE; BANQUET. day for game, if you could not bag a half Prominent among the most fastidious dozen canvass or butter ducks and all the epicures of ye ancient village, one morel game desired. Squirrels, pigeons, ducks progressive than the other, conceived the | and larger game of all kinds were as idea, that to gainjsome notoriety in fash- ionable circles he wouTdintfoUu'ce"iriiew majaanMftjfr t>

THE GRAND ODD THOROUGHFARE. I served without interruption from 179^91' I to 1836. He retired then and was sue t ceedecl bv his son. William Adams,! who died last montht; at his home near' MANY BTTTLES WITH THE SAVAGES. Chaneysville, Bedford county, at the age of 87. ‘Here Lived and Loved Another Race o William Adams served as Justice of Beings.” Alliquippi, the Queen the Peace from 1838 to 1385, except one of the Forest. jrm, when he was defeated by James ider. He retired in 1885 and was When the proprietor of this province in ceded bv his son, John H. P. 1736, Thomas Penn, purchased from the buns, who wits -elected in 1890, Six Nations, for a handful of trinkets, allj and will serve until 1896 if he lives. the territory west of the Susquehanna j This will make a service as Justice of river, the advance of civilization spread, the Peace of Township, and the bold pioneer pushed out into the Bedford County, of 96 years, continu¬ wilderness, to meet peril, want, and: ous except for one break. The office hardship on every side. , S was handed down from grandfather to At that early period the county west of father and son. the Susquehanna was unexplored and The people of the township take nothing but a wild patchless wilderness. pride in this record, and they want to The trail of the red men—the Six keep on re-electing one of the Adamses Nations—penetrated those grand realms, i as long as the family lasts. Any other in the direction of the setting sun, north b * candidate is rarely mentioned, and the and south, directed by the moon and, s) 'office is kept out of politics. Most stars, by which they computed time and ; of the people regret that there course. was a break at all, and that the service The mountaius and valleys were of the Justice ofjthe Peace of this family ' covered with magnificent forests, and the could not run to a hundred years with¬ majestic streams were alive with game out interruption. It is doubtful if there and game fish. As the savage tribes sub¬ s anything approaching this record! sisted principally on game, they followed anywhere else in the United States. the streams and when on their periodical j 1 The population of Bedford county is hunting and exploring excursions into r composed chiefly of the lineal descend- new and undeveloped territory, their p ents of the people who settled it in the trail penetrated the hills in either direc¬ 1 last century. There have been a great tion for more favorable hunting grounds. l many changes through descendants of Before starting out oq the war path, the ' the old settlers moving from the coun¬ try? but while there have been some warriors were frantic with excitement. immigration, there has not been a cor- Hideously painted and fully equipped in i responding influx of people to take their battle armor, they thirsted for the blood and scalp of the pale face and ) £ their places. In Southampton town-, spent a night of hideous howling and r ship there are people who have lived under the Justice of the Peace admin¬ revelry in dancing around their camp istration of three Adamses. fires. From historical data, it seems that central and southern Pennsylvania was From,. overrun and settled by the Shawnee and Delaware. The Shawnee and Delaware jSL Indians were vindictive, treacherous and restless, forever skulking around and lying in ambush for their prey. They Date/ m/. /' ' assaulted the settlers in their lone cabins, fv with overwhelming numbers, massacred the defenceless mothers and children, or carried them off into captivit/, and then 'EARLY INDIAN TALES laid the rude cabin in ashes. The Kiyasutas, Senecas and Ottowas, tribes of the Six Nations, roamed over the Scenes in the Grand Old Historic County more southern and northern territory and of Bedford. they were the terrpr of the early settlers, in th.e eaBy hjstory of the new settle- frnen e most remote statistics very frequently from the Indian I away back in the ifith century, tilities, and the settlers were obliged Shawnee and Delaware tribes followed up at last to abandon their improvements the Father of Waters, the Susquehanna, altogether. West Providence township and when they approached and pene¬ was embraced in the bunting grounds of trated the mountain region, their trail the hostile savages, and they were oblig¬ followed and traversed the north and ed to erect a rude fort or stockade at the south branches of the to the Juniata Crossings in 1758, where, with great chain of the Big Mountain—the their families they fled for protection. Allegheny—where they lingered long The Providences and the other adjoining 1 and fearlessly until the tide of civilization ! districts, suffered most fearfully from the drove them further west, toward the set¬ bold raids of the roving bands of Indians, ting sun. who come up from the Kittannii^ trail During that early period in the 17th [into the settlement. Many bold and des¬ century, Huntingdon and Bedford coun¬ perate conflicts between the settlers and ' ties, prior to their formation, were the the Indians in that locality, were of fre¬ centre of many thrilling and heart rend¬ quent occurrence, and scores of the bold ing scenes, where were fought many pioneers were overpowered and massa¬ bloody battles, skirmishes, and wholesale cred, and their homes burned and the massacres of entire families, who were settlements deserted and their dead bodies scalped and their cabins burned to the left to the mercy of the wild beasts of the ground, by the predatory bands of forest. Indians on the war path. (It may be AIAJQUIPPA, QUEEN OF THE SIX NA¬ supposed at that early date, that all the territory west of the TIONS. in the Province was embraced in Cum¬ In all the pages of Indian history, there 1 berland county.) From the early tradi¬ are but few instances in which a tribe or tions, incident to the early settlers east of 'nation were submissive to the sovereign the Alleghany, Raystown, located in the will of a queen. south branch of the Juniata in Bedford Situated on the south banks of the county, and Frankstown located on the Juniata, on a gentle bluff, immediately north branch in Huntington county, (now under the shadow of Tussey’s mountain, j Blair) were historic, where the bold rising up in grand sublimity, a beacon j settlers with their families were driven signal to guide the early pioneer in the 1 from their rude cabin, to the stockade wilderness, where the crystal waters of or fort for protection. the Juniata cut through Tussey’s moun- ' I There are but few old people who are living tain, flowing eastward; nestled on tbe to-day, but what can recall the traditionary banks of these historic waters, “Queen | massacre of the “Tull family,” in the Alliquippa’' located her village, and early part of 1760, by the roving bands of gathered around her her people, a tribe jj i Indians. There were in all father, 1 of the Six Nations, and for generations

mother and eleven children. The only i in those grand realms, “Alliquippa” jone who escaped, was a son who was was queen of the forest. From tradition j absent from the cabin at the time. The ,it was said that “Alliquippa” posessed entire party were scalped, the cabin more than ordinary influence over her burned to the ground, and one or two of people. In council she was magnani¬ the children’s dead bodies burned in the mous, gentle, kind and brave. Imme¬ ruins. The dead bodies of the father, diately opposite the Indian village, on an mother and children were scattered over j abrupt bluff on the north side of the the grounds surrounding the cabin, muti¬ Juniata—stood the primitive log lated and disfigured, when the settlers The home of a most remarkable woman /approached it. J “Elizabeth Tussey,” a bold fearless ad That was about the last of their most ] venturer,and one of the advance settlers i lesperate raids into the settlement, the early history of the Province, west! though many settlers were driven from : of the Susquehanna river. The Tussey; their homes and improvements, and range of mountains, running parallel some of them captured, massacred, or north and south, deriving its name from carried off into capacity in after years. j this wonderful old lady, and her fam Morrison’s Cove suffered fearfully and j and powers, are associated with the earl | traditions of the wilderness, -■<8 The Indian village and the Tussey | ‘•puli/ cabin were located on the Mt. Dallas: r. And t farm. The lands, with but little improve¬ command of the pr ments, were purchased by the elder was only on paper, which memorable and glorious by William Hartley, in 1796, and are still sity, Braddock’s Field, Valley retained by his son, William Hartley, of Monmouth, Trenton, Brand Bedford. Yorktown, came to an end in The north and the south branches of! old town of Bedford. For here, ber 19, 1794, came President W__ the Juniata, with their tributary waters, j ' * were the happy hunting grounds of the ton, as commander-in-chief of the a of the United States, accompanied by Shawnee and Delaware tribes, and within Gen. Knox, his Secretary of War, that those grand realms, the Shawnee and leader of men and molder of policies, Delaware chiefs held supreme sway, Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, and the Governors of Pennsyl until the march of civilization drove vania, Virginia, Maryland and New them west of the Alleghany toward the Jersey, to fix upon the plan of campaign setting sun. We shall not dwell on his¬ against those truculent Scoteh-Irish in Washington, Allegheny and other West¬ torical Bedford. But we shall follow the ern counties who were then deep in the historical waters of the Blue Juniata to “Whisky Insurrection.” These were livriv times in Bedford, and its fountain head, one mile west of the little town s»; r,more men in martial Mann’s Choice. The Shawnee branch of array than ha re ever thronged its streets since, or, let us hope, may ever r endezvous the Juniata diverging north, flowing west, there again. For “Bight Horse Harry penetrating the Alleghany mountains, Lee,” of Virginia, father of him who gave up his sword at Appomattox tree, had his from whence the origin of its source, one headquarters there, and his 7,800 Penn¬ mile fi\.m Schellsburg, where the Shaw¬ sylvania and New Jersey troops were camped on the hills and slopes around. nee braucb and the south fork form a But, large as was this array for junction, was historic gropnd. IJestled those times, Washington had seen amid these two streams on a beautiful even a stronger force gathered there. In 1758 he had been plateau, surrounded by forests and ex¬ ranking officer in the two Virginia panding hunting grounds, “Big Chief, regiments that marched there in the army that, under Gen. Forbes and Col. the terror of the early settlers, amidst Boquet, was on its way to FortDuquesne! those grand realms, surrounded by his Forbes’s force is olaced by some writers at 9,000 men, and was c, great armv in warriors, squaws, and pappooses located that olden day. Tradition has it 'that the Shawnee village, and for a long time Washington led a detachment of irad- doek’s army through Bedford in 1755 held supreme sway over all the ter¬ but it seems doubtful. Had his journey ritory, and hunting domain along the through the woods been made tnis way western water§. in 1154 when he marched to disaster at Fort Necessity, an even greater historic interest would have attached to the old town, for then, at the opening and close of 40 momentous years, it would have From, seen the beginning and end of a career that is a landmark on the path of liberty But he went the other wav. /V.v.'T/.>.(2 NOW IT IS FOR RENT. All visitors to Bedioid have seen the old, square two-story .scone house with its steep root wherein iie had his head¬ Date, C.a/ZL A1£3, quarters during the three or four days he I remained here in 1794. It stands practically unchanged, save that the, lower part has been turned into a store WASBIMM JfAS THERE.!’ “For rent” is the sign it now displays’ and whoever needs a “desirable fatally STXRllLS o HCERES WITNESSED residence” and has the price may, if he1 will, sleep in the very room where, per¬ JR OLD 11EDSORD TOfl'R. haps, uneasy lay the head that wore the civic crown. For the “Whisky Insurrec-1 a Father of His Country Last Ap- tion” was one of the gravest problems »rad at tlie Head of an Army—G-en. presented to the young government, and S . :;!ssir Began His Career in Bedford, had it failed to successfully meet it there1 . *»e First ot a Bong X,ine of Illustrious! is no telling what evils might have en¬ Men—The Health-Giving Springs and1 sued. But, torumately, the clamorers | tiie Many Great headers Who Drank of for free whisky yielded to law, and I lit-lr Waters — Buchanan, Stevens,! strange to say, most of their descendants Cameron and Edwin Forrest. are to-day in principle staunch pro¬ hibitionists. But, let us go back to our Bedford, Oct. 16.—Just 99 years ago mutton. ieorge Washington appeared for the lastl This same old house was the office of i^me on the tented field, surrounded by all Bedford’s first protnonotary, appointed on the organization ot the county in! t. "***" tATTVTc, ! -a, e “Married? Happy man! "This ■official was Lucky dog!” St. Clair, revol His associate, and afterward hi: first Governor oE the ponent and successor as a political: ntory, wl ere his terrible defeat by Simon Cameron, came here for manv :,id 1 an • -plunged the whole - Western years. Reverdy Johnson, the great 'lev ir. o scenes of bloodshed and ter- Marylander, was a regular visitor. '• i u: t lasted until Mad Anthony Wayne U. ,1 out and. at “Fallen Timbers,” smote THE GREATEST OP ALL. hem hip and thigh. There areoldrec- “But,” said ex-Judge William M. Hall, ds in 'he court house m St.Clairs who was on the bench here 30 years and writing which tell of the strange sen- whose fund of reminiscence is especially •ences pronounced by the King s justices, interesting and entertaining, “the great¬ 1 cn the cropping or an ear or the mllic- est of them all was . lion of 39 lashes at the public whipping For ability, daring and self-poise he stood r st Another old stone house here is head and shoulders above the others. He •ailed Col. Bcquet’s house, he having came here for many years and was al¬ made it his home for a year or more prior ways the center of a circle of admirers, to his going to meet his death at Pensa¬ held to him by his powers oi keen argh- cola. ment, terse expressiveness and biting A PLACE OP REFUGE. sarcasm.” This spot was first called Raystown, There was another visitor to the after an Indian trader who dealt with the Springs who had friends as true and foes aborigines here, but. when Forbes and its bitter as Stevens, although von in a Roquet and Washington were here in different field of life. Edwin Forrest, 1758 they built a fort with high stock¬ the tragedian, was often there, and on ades, five bastions for swivel guns, and his journeys from East to West was also surrounded it with a moat 8 feet deep a frequent passenger on the stages that and 15 feet wide. This was a veritable plied the pike, built in 1817 from Phila¬ Gibraltar in those days, and when Ponti¬ delphia to Pittsburg. Once a country¬ ac’s war broke out in 1763, according to man came in and told Judge Hall how, an article written by Dr. C. N. Hicltok, at one of the little taverns along the an authority on local history, and pike, he had seen Forrest, when the furnished me by Mr. H. O. Hafer, stage stopped for dinner, bare his neck ‘families for 30 miles around and shoulders to remove the dust of took reiuge in the fort and about 40 indi¬ travel at the rude wash-stand by the viduals vvere slain and scalped on their pump. All who stood near were struck way hither.” It. was a sad fate this, t.o with admiration at that leonine head, llee to the city of refuge and fall by the and the column-like neck rising from a way. This fort had been called Bedford, form as massive as its owner’s nature iu honor of his Grace the Duke of Bed¬ was passionate and strong. ford, one of George II’s “principal Secre¬ taries of State,” and was a protection to LATER DAY NOTABLES. those within its walls, but not far beyond But all the noted men who have been f them the Indians lurked behind almost at Bedford did not belong to Revolution¬ every bush and tithe first years of the ary or ante-Revolutionary times, nor ■ devolution the justices made return of were they merely visitors at the Springs the fact that in many townships no taxes or travelers journeying elsewhere. could be levied, as all the inhabitants had Prominent men have grown on these hill- fled. and the crop is by no means ex¬ But when peace had been declared, and hausted. Among the earliest was John \ the excise troubles were ended, both town Todd, Speaker of both branches of the | and county began to grow. One day one Legislature, Congressman, Common of those individuals whom providence Pleas judge and justice of the Supreme j.- seems to afflict with dire diseases in order i Court/ Alexander Thompson was twice that they may accidentally discover new in Congress ana also on the bench. James ” remedies for them, drank at a spring M. Russell was another noted lawyer, a 1 about a mile or so from the town. Its un- l member of the Constitutional Convention 1 I pleasant taste doubtless made him think I of 1838 and of Congress in 1841. Twelve :J . i.Jt must Vie “good for medicine,” and he j years later his son. S. L. Russeil, went to | j came again and again and was cured. j Congress, and in 1873 served in the Con -j | The news spread, more went to drink the i stitutional Convention that framed thel ! healing waters, a hotel was built and present fundamental law of the State. lv j Bedford Springs became one of the Another son, Alexander L. Russell, was< ) ; earliest, and prior to the war, Secretary of the Commonwealth under J’ f one o' the most fashionable watering Gov. Johnston, and Adjutant General dur- i I1 places, u the country. From Baltimore, ing the six years John W. Geary was Washington and the many visi¬ Governor. < tors came annually. Above all, it be¬ It would seem as though certain coun ¬ came a great place for political confer¬ ties had an affection for certain hig ences between Pennsylvania leaders. j offices. Now Centre yearns for th There were “slates” in those days and j Gubernatorial position. Clearfield ! most of them, especially the Democratic Beaver have each had two United States - i ones, were made at Bedford. For 30 i Senators, and Blair two Auditors Gener |years James Buchanan spent his sum al, while Bedford cares most fo liners here, and all the Democratic politi- the Secretaryship of the Comram cians came to consult with him. He was wealth. 1ft addition to Secretary Rus I weii known in this section and on Satur‘ jsell above mentioned, Francis Jor day afternoon he went in to town and at I dan, of Bedford, served two terms unde. t.be Bedford hotel kept open house for his Geary, and when M. S. Quav resigned iu<- country friends, lie never forgot a face 1883, after Gov. Hoyt had declared1 and always greeted its owner by his first against the election of Gen. Beaver, name. Doubtless he often, to use the IHoyt'called Jordan to his old place an.1 phrase of to-day, “got off his old gag” he served until succeeded by Lewis \ when introduced to some young Demo¬ ICassidv, Pattison’s preceptor in both It crat, and politics. J. H. Longenecker. 4 ...... Judge—and a good one—of this district, I ;itate of preservalionTtnougn the hand I was deputy secretary under Goy. Beaver ! ihaf penned it has long since crumbledl until O. W. Stone’s election to Congress |to d ist : promoted him to the higher place'filled 1 Pennsylvania ss. by Russell and Jordan. By the Hon. Johu Penn, Esquire ; Lieuten¬ PBOFITED BY THE SLUMP. ant Governor and Commander-in-chief of! the and counties of In 1877 Wiliam P. Schell was! on the New Castle, Kent and Sussex on Delaware. Democratic State ticket when a Repub-1 can “slump” occurred, and three years as To all people to whom these presents shall Auditor General was the prize he drew. come, Greeting. R. C. McNamara is a genial Democrat Whereas, It hath been represented to me, who got into the Legislature from Bed¬ by the Humble Petition of Jost Schoenwolf ford county and made himself no small of the Town of Bedford in the county of reputation. He now deals out unadul¬ Cumberland in the province of Pennsylva¬ terated Democracy through his paper, the ! nia, Yeoman, that the protestant reformed Gazette, but, somehow, the Republican ma¬ Congregation and protestant evangelical jorities will keep up right along. Lutheran Congregation in ^pd near Bedford! Then there is Humphrey D. Tate, aforesaid, his taken up a Lot of Ground in who, as Private Secretary, is keeper of the said Town, inclosed the same, were de¬ the conscience of the present State ad-1 sirous thereon to erect a House of worship .ministration, although some ill-disposed or church for t he joynt Use of the two said persons assert that the position is a sine- j Congregations and that there was no house |S cure, and John M. Reynolds, Assistant, of worship or Church within seventy miles Secretary of the Interior, whose famous of the said Town of Bedford, & That the said pension order, although withdrawn, is two Congregations were poor and not not forgotten by hundreds of thousands able, out of their own Means to carry their of veterans who would be delighted to “take a fall out of” the gentleman from Pious Intention into Execution without the Bedford. Help or Assistance of good people who. It is not necessary to more than men¬ have the Promotion of Religion at Heart, I tion the name of “Uncle” John Cessna, And it appears to me, that the said Jost? for more than 40 years, and to-day, active Schoenwolf hath been deputed by thirty- in the political, business and legal affairs eight of the principal Members of the said of this county of Bedford, of which more two several Congregations to collect the charl ■ in a future communication. table Donations ofthe good People as were ffiS Henry Hall. willing to contribute their Mite towards the said Undertaking, And the said two Congrega¬ tion having h unbly prayed me to grant them a Brief to collect Money for the good Purposes aforesaid, And I favoring their Request. These are therefore to permit and J license the said Jost Schoenwolf within the space of three Years from the date hereof next ensuing to make collection of the good iPeople within my Government who are will¬ ing to contribute toward the building of a Date, Church or House of worship for the said two several Congregations at and near Bedford aforesaid any Bum or Sums of Money not exceeding in the whole six hundred Pounds [an histobkjal sketch. lawful Money of Pennsya. Given under my Hand and Seal at “LUTHERAN CHURCH OF BEDFORD.” Arms at the City of Philadelphia the twenty-first Day of June in the year; Read at the OpenlDg of the Sunday of our Lord one thousand seven hun-! School Rooms Last Week hy Miss dred and sixty-nine, and in the ninth year I Emily ISIauclie Mann. of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George! the third by the Grace of God, of Great | In view of the recent completion of ex-! Brittain, France and Ireland King, Defend¬ ' tensive repairs in this church, it has been er of the Faith and so forth. John Penn. deemed appropriate that this evening By his Honour’s Command, there should be presented to you an his Joseph Shippen, Jb , Secretary. torical sketch of the “Lutheran Church All that is here told us is that the con¬ I of Bedford.” gregations were in existence, that they Bedford was first settled in or before were poor, that they worshiped together, 1 1751. That there were Lutherans among and that they had the laudable purpose ot the earliest settlers is evidenced by the erecting lor themselves a suitable place of fact that in 176G a burial ground was set worship. The result ol this purpose was apart, at the laying out of the town, for the erec iog of a log church, that stood the members of the Presbyterian, Ger¬ where is now the present Reformed, man Reformed and Lutheran bodies here m church; the subsequent erection of the at that time. The ground thus set apm quaint brick building with its spire in the was designated by the surveyor general, middle of the roof ; the separation of the John Lukens, thus—“For the Calvinists two congregations in 1849 ; the erectiou and Lutherans of the town for a burial of a brick church by the LutheranSjWhiCh place.” Tnere were Lutherans here was afterwards displaced by 0ur present then, or why this bequest ? structure ; and the tearing down, in 1881. The following is a copy of a permit by the Reformed congregation of the old iiven by John Penn, whose signature brick church and the building of their , tnd seal it bears, waich permit is e present edifice in 1883. The original log on parchment. aDd is in a gc<§ church, built in part by the charitable of¬ ferings of such good and loyal subiects of ^ e promo accounts of the births, marriages tion of religion at heart, was taken down deaths of the early members of this about 1817, and Phillip Williams, the church, son e of whose descendants are contracting carpenter, used the logs to among our members now, faithful to the build his own house on Penn street, next church of their forefathers’ choice. At’’ west of the Keefe residence. ■ this time the Bedford church had about As to the early personnel of our church one hurdred members, many of them we have very lew sources from which to jliviDg from five to ten miles distant draw materia'. While John Penn was jit was during bis pastorate that the bearing the commission of captain, he old union b ick church was built at the became a spiritual leader to the Germans icorner of John and Thomas streets. F. r living here. A soldier ol King George, jsome years prior to 1823, after the de¬ he was also a soldier of the cross, and struction of the old log church, the church preached the glad tidings of peace to those services of the Reformed and Lutheran of his own native land who dwelt in the congregations were held in the court mountain wilds at Bedford, Fort Cumber house. On June 11, 1823, the corner¬ land and other places, and to those living stone of the new church was laid, it i« as far west as Fort Pitt. As he contin- said, by Rev. William Yeager, of Friends' ued his labors here through four or more Cove, on part of the Lutherans, and Rev. years, it is probable that he organized the J. H. Gerhart, on part of the Reformed congregation, or prepare.! the way for church. The house was dedicated to the such organization. His visits to this del service of God September 19, 1824 From continued as late as 1770, so it was doubt this time until 1849 the congregations less through his efforts that the first step used this building alternately. was taken by the congregation to secure Mr. Osterloh’s successor was Rev. Wil¬ a place of worship. liam Yeager, who continued to s»rve this From 1770 to 1785 we have no record. and neighboring churches until 1838. IIis During this period the German churches fi§ld ol labor, as well as that of his prede¬ we e ministered to by traveling missiona¬ cessor, was of such great extent that he ries whose la ">ors extended over a large must have felt as he contemplated the- ext^it of territory. Pious parents receiv¬ work awaiting him, “Who is sufficient ed tmem into their homes, gathered their for these things?” Bat he was a man of friends and neighbors together for wor remarkable piety, undaunted spirit and ship and instruction and the enjoyment great love for his church. He accepted of the sacraments. no salary, and though his health was poor, The church at Bedford received its he braved the i angers and ^ures ot first regular past rr in the person of Rev. loDg rides through unsettled disTrcts that W. Steck, in 1785. How long his labors he might. save souls. It can be said ontinued here we have been unable to trul ful v of him, “He was a man off earn, though it was probably for some G »«*.' Father Yeager, as he was called! years, as there is no record of a successor was succeeded by Rev. William L. Gib-i until 1805. son, in 1838, and he labored here u til Rev. Frederick Hainsey, in 1805. 1841. He was an enthusiastic worker in' preached in Bedford and vicinity, baptiz- his pastorale. mg children, confirming the believing Rev. Reuben Weiser was the next pas-; and administering the Lord’s Su per. tor. He continued here from Aug- j In those days it was necessary for the ust 1, 1841, to April 1, 1846. In 'pastors to travel long distances and brave the church records he made are’ many dangers. Their labors were truly written the following words which heroic. Almost impenetrable forests, evince to us the difficulties with whicn he rushing mountain torrents and deep was meeting and the earnest spirit he streams were the ordinary impediments brought to combat them: “When I took to tbeir work. charge of the Lutheran congregation of In 1812 Rev. Mr. Cramer came here as Bedford the members were very much astor. At that time the old log church scattered; whether I shall be able to was still standing, but looked as if it had bring them together God only knows. never-been used for services. The roof|' I will try. R. Weiser.” During his was good, but there was no flror, and its pastorate many members were aided and bare timbers served as a homely gymna-1 the church was put on a tirmtr founda¬ sium for such venturesome boys as were, tion than ever before. ISchellsburg w s uninfluenced by superstitious fears. Leg part of th s charge at the time. Mr. end saj s it was a retreat for the celebrat Weiser was instrumental in having a ed highwayman, David Lewis, whose} Lutheran church built at that place and n me is romantically and felonious from that time Schellsburg had a minis¬ linked with that of our county. ter distinct from Bedtord. In after year.-, The next minister of whom we hav. the title of Doctor of Divinity was con record was Rev. Mr. Deitterman, wh ferred upon him. was pastor in Bedford sometime betwee Rev. P. M. Rightmeyer was the nex; 1812 a d 1818. He was followed by Rev pastor in the Bedford church, taking M Osterloh, in 1818. who continued hial charge April 1, 1846, and leaving in on, labors here until the year 1828. Mr. Os year. Up to this time the church was terloh was a native of Germany, and the' lighted with sperm and tailor? candles earliest church records we have were and heated by wood fires in the old fash made during h's pastorate The records ioned ten-plate stoves. The sexton wa- ,re written in the German language, but^^" aid the munificent yearly salary of fi upon translation p-mve to be interesting dollars. The next minister Winec ,ff, who came here The Lutheran interest in the chu c.| 1,^847, and remained two years. Dur property was sold for the sum of 8300 ing his pastorate the membership num the Lutherans reserving the use ot thel bered one hundred and forty. Thert bell lor a stipulated time, and one-halll was a minister here some fifty years ago, interest in that part of the church-yard [ whose name we will not mention, whose used for burying purposes. The sweet-! idiosyncrasy was to speak in the superla¬ toned bell, whose deep notes can be heard I tive of everything. It was a largely six miles distant, is still in the possession, developed imagination; that was all. He of the Reformed congregation of this! could paint heaven as very beautitul to place. The corner-stone of the new [ the Christian and make hell seem very church was laid July 3, 1848, and the! disagreeable and uncomfortable to the building dedicated on August 12, 1849, it! wicked; but it was so in everything. Was having cost a little over $3,000. Thei a thing bad, it was “awfully bad;’’ Was parsonage adjoining the church was built! it good, it was “heavenly.” Did you during this pastorate also, in the years observe that a mountain in sight must be 1852. In October, 1858, synod convened r eight hundred feet high, he would put in this place. Rev. Benedict’s successor-1 at a thousand at least. He wouldn’t have was Rev. Samuel Yingling, who com told a deliberate falsehood for any con menced his labors here in January, 1859,; sideration, and yet his foible of over and continued them until July, 1864.; rating became a by word. Finally, ont; During his pastorate the St. Claiisvillef of his clerical brethren approached him and Stone churches were separated from; upon the subject. After hearing the this charge. The next minister in charge] admonition through, he exclaimed, in was Rev A. Essick. His pastorate con genuine sorrow, “O, my brother, youi tinued for two years, from October 1,1 reproof is just; I do not mean it, but l 1864, to October 1, 1866. His successor; fear I do exaggerate Brother, I havt was Rev. J. Q. McAtee, who came Feb¬ struggled against my fault; I have praj - ruary 1, 1867, and left February 26, 1871. ed over it; I have wept over it; O, broth¬ During his stay here the church buildir g j er, 1 have shed hogsheads of tears on was torn down and the present edifice; account of it.” commenced. Allegheny synod convened) Rev. Frederick Benedict commenced here in September, 1869. Rev. J. B. Keller; his labors here April 1, 1849, and preach came next, on May 1, 1871, aDd coniinu-f ed his farewell sermon November 7, '858 ed his labors here until May 1, 1874 having been pastor almost ten years jin the first year of hi3 pastorate the base-1 His was a wide field of labor, embracing ent of the present church was com-1 the Dunniog’s Creek settlement and leted and dedicated. The dedicatoiy) Friends’ Cove, and Cumberland and ervice was held on Sunday, the 21st day! Snake Spring Valleys, and had withiQ if January, 1872, Rev F. W. Conrad, its bounds fourteen preaching places. H D. D., of Philadelphia, officiating. The , officiated at the marriages and baptism- bell, whose familiar tones we so often of the large Lutheran population au hear, was at this time presented to the' was personally acquainted with every; church by O. E. Shannon, then a mem¬ man, woman and child in the field of his ber of the chuich council. Rev. Kel-j labors. He was an excellent pastor, liadl ler’s successor not bemg elected until the| fine administrative talents, was possessed following November, during the inter¬ of strong common sense and was genial vening six months, the church services sympathetic and beloved. A firm al were conducted by Rev. Brubaker. Inj hereof, from conviction to the church in this interval the churches of St. Marks, f which he was born and educated yet lie Bald Hill and Pleasant Valley were was liberal-minded toward other denomi-, withdrawn from this charge, thus making 11 nations and his pulpit was always open to' the Bedford church independent. r evangelical preachers of every name He On November 8, 1874 Rev. G. M. resigned his pastoral duties, owing to Rhodes took charge of the church, con-1 failing health, and with the exception oi tinuirg here until February 17, 1880, [ a few years spent elsewhere, was a resi In 1878 the church executed a deed to| .. dent of Bedford to the time of his death the Reformed congregation lor tbeir in t .which occurred March 31,1890, exactlyfor- terest in the old graveyard on John; street. In this pastorate the auditorium t,Bedford.f Redpfrdye MostM8 ^ of usthC remember tiQle he his Ca,1 life'e intoi of this church building was finished, and[ nour midst in recent years. The' Bishop “ was dedicated the third Sund y in D las he was called for many years, unless! I cember, 1877. Dr. Conrad, of Philadel-! aiprevented by sickness or absence from phia, preached the dedicatory sermon.I clown, never failed to attend the mornin^ The large window in the front of the tnjL?Venmg services 011 Sunday, the I main audience room, the memorial win-! weekly prayer-meeting and the Sunday dow to Miss Linnie Wilson, and the pul-, school, of which he was superintendent pit furniture were presented to thef or many years, and he was active both1 church by Mrs. Louise Wilson, of Phila¬ by pecuniary contributions and by coun¬ delphia. The memorial window to Rev. sel and advice in all church enterprises, William Yeager was given bv tie Intel it was during his pistorate that tbe David Schaeffer. The Ladies’ Ai i society Lutherans sold their interest in the brick of the church presented the carpet. Thel church on John street to their fellow- large pulpit bihle was given by the Sun-) owners, the Reformed congregation aDd day school. Aside from these gif s the] greeted a brick church on the square ehurch as a whole cost about $14,000

’ N From the time o'Tu'evTRhodes "departure, faithful, earnest work in the past caul Jin February, 1880, to the following No insure success for our church in thi ( Member, Rev Bn T?F. UnntHunt 0/>/>artfuhlacceptably" future, it will go ou iucreasing largely it filled the pulpit. On November 1, 1880 temporal aud spiritual welfare. May itj Rev. C. M. Stock came to this church as earn the plaudit. “W»d done ” pastor. In September, 1881, synod con- vened in this place. Mr. Stock suc¬ ceeded, in the first few yeats of h s pas- ; torate, in having a debt of several thous- t From,. and dollars, which had been standing on the church, paid off. In addition to this, - the outside of the church building was .| painted in 1885 at a cost of $300 About the same time the main auditorium was frescoed, the funds—amounting to nearly Date, $500, being donated by the Young People’s society of the church. During the last year of his stay here extensive repairs were begun on the pirsonage Mr. Stock left Bedford in October, 1887, HISTORICAL / SKETCH 1 iafter a successful pastorale of seven years. He removed from this place to Hanover, Pa The large cbuich of Of Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church which he took charge in that place was fortunate in securing the services of a in Bedford. man with such pulpit and administrative talents as he evinced during the years spent as pastor of this church. GOVERNOR JOHN PENN’S PERMIT. 1 Rev. M. H. Valentine became pastor here December 1, 1887. aruT continued* From a Log Church in Colonial Days to here five years, until December 1 1892 £ a Stately and Beautiful House of Mr Valentine is the son of Dr Valentine, | of Gettysburg. When lie came here it 1 Worship in 1894. was to enter u ron the duties of his first ' charge, but his success in our midst In 1812, Rev. Mr. Cramer came here , proved, in no small degree, that be was a man of remarkable ability, and his labors, y as pastor. At that time, the old log t ^ 1 bi’th within and out of the pulpp, werej 'church was still standing, but looked as J j | such that he will always -be held in !ov-| j if it had never been used for services. mg remembrance bv those who were jj The roof was good, but there was no floor s ; * under bis ministry. The remodelling of ij the parsonage gave the congregation a • and its bare timbers served as a homely , debt of over $2 OuO which he succeeded ij gymnasium for such ventursome boys as^ in reducing ab iui one-half. During his j were uninfluenced by superstitious fears, e pastorate electric light was placed in the;] Legend says it was a retreat for the cel-n auditorium, a large addition was madeifl to the Sunday school library and a I ebrated highwaymen, David Lewis, whose o Cur «tmn Endeavor society wasorg-tni’z d | name is romantically and feloniously - | iq 1890 About halt the money which J linked with that of our county. y h*s been used for the improvements i-fl The next minister of whom we have;. these rooms was raised in the Sunday t school while he was here Mr. V len- f record was Rev. Mr Deitterman, who l ;; jtne is. at present, pastor of Messiah was pastor in Bedford sometime between TLut heran church in pn ladelphia. 1812 and 1818. 1 Oa March 1, 1893, Rev, W W An-1 He was followed by Rev M. Osterloh 7 stadt became pa-tor here. It needs not 1 the telling that his work here has been in 1818, who continued his labors here t attended with great success TneseJ until the year 1828. Mr. Osterloh was a i improvements on this floor, consisting ol f native of Get many, and the earliest t pamt, paper, carpet, chains and electri. I In ht have been made jointly by the : church records we have were made dur- jj bunday school and Christian Eudeavo' I ing his pastorate. The records are writ- j isociety of the church, at an expense of ten in the German language, but upon ‘ nearly $400, and are due largely to th( jj energy ol our pa3tor in pushing thum [la translation prove to be interesting ac¬ forwaid. counts of the births, marriages aud It is now one hundred and twenty I deaths of the early members of this five years since the permit was given to I j church, some of whose descendants are ' the Lutherans of Bedford to erect a house t of worship One hundred and twenty i 6 among our members now, faithful to the ■: five years have changed the c ngregation church of their forefather’s choice. At

'.from . J ! a haniful4 of snuggling settlersOCbblClS s n rfr 11 i O I it d O Oltn m/-, d a. a * , this time the Bedford church bad about ' scattered> to a flourishing church I. i one hundred members, many of them ; of 275 members. It the example olffii living from five to ten miles distant. It • fwas during his pastorate that Rev.~F. M. RigEtmeyer union brick church was built at the cor¬ pastor in the Bedford church, taking ner of John and Thomas streets. For some charge April 1, 1846, and leaving in one years prior to 1823, after the destruction year. Up to this time the church was of the old.log church, the church services lighted with sperm and tallow candles, of the Reformed and Lutheran congre¬ and heated by wood fires in the old-fash¬ gations were held in the court house. On ioned tin-plate stoves. The sexton was June 11, 1823, the corner stone of the paid the munificent yearly salary of fif¬ new church was laid, it is said, by Rev. teen dollars. Wm. Yeager of friend’s Cove on the part The next minister was Rev. J. Wine- of the Lutherans, and Rev. J. H. Gerhart cofi who came here April 1, 1S47 and re¬ on part of the Reformed church. Tne mained two years. Daring his pastorate house was dedicated to the service of the membership numbered one hundred God, September 19, 1824. From this and forty. time until 1849, the congregations used There was a minister here same fifty this building alternately. years ago, whose name we will not men Mr Osterloh’s successor was Rev. Wil¬ tion, whose idiosyncrasy was to speak in liam Yeager, who continued to serve this the superlative of every thing. It was a and neighboring churches until 1838. largely developed imagination; that was His field of labor, as that of his prede¬ all. cessors,was of such great exent that he He could paint heaven as very beauti¬ must have felt, as he contemplated the ful to the Christian, and make hell seem work awaiting him, “Who is sufficient very disagreeable and uncomfortable to for these things?’’ But he was a man of the wicked; but it was so in everything. remarkable piety, uudaunted spirit and Was a thing bad, it was awfully bad; was great love for his church. He accepted it good, it was heavenly; Did you observe no salary, and though his health was that a mountain insight must be eight poor, he braved the dangers and expos¬ hundred feet feet high, he would put it at ures of long ride3 through unsettled dis¬ a thousand at least. He wouldn’t have tricts that he might save souls. It can told a deliberate falsehood for any con¬ be said truthfully of him “He was a man sideration, and yet his foible of overrat¬ i of God. ing became a by word. Finally one of 1 Father Yeager, as he was called, was his clerical brethren approached him succeeded by Rev. Wm. L. Gibson in upon the subject. After hearing the ad¬ 1 1838 and he labored here until 1841. He monition through, he exclaimed, in gen¬ f was an enthusiastic worker in his pastor¬ uine sorrow, O, my brother! your reproof ate. is just; I do not mean it, but I fear I do 3 Rev. Reuben Weiser was the next pas¬ exaggerate. Brother, I have struggled tor. He continued here from August 1,1 against my fault; I have prayel over it; 1841 to April 1, 1846. In the church I have wept over it; O, brother, I have records he made, are written the follow-j shed hogsheads of tears on account of it.” ing words, which evidence to us the dif¬ Rev. WinecofFs successor was Rev. ficulties with which he was meeting and i Frederick Benedict, who com menced his the earnest spirit he brought to combat labors here April 1, 1849, and preached them: “When I took charge of the his farewell sermon November 7, 1858, Lutheran congregation of Bedford, the having been pastor almost ten years. members were very much scattered; His was a wide field of labor, embracing whether I shall be able to bring them St. Clairsville the Dunning’s Creek settle¬ together God only knows. I will try. ment and Friend’s Cove, and Cumberland R. Weiser.” During his pastorate many and Snake Spring Valleys, and had within ■ members were added and the church was its bounds fourteen preaching places. He ■put on a firmer foundation than ever be- officiated at the marriages and baptisms ] fore. Schellsburg was part of this charge of the large Lutheran population and was !at the time. Mr. .Weiser was instrumen¬ personally acquainted with every man, tal in having a Lutheran church built at woman and child in the field of his la¬ that place, and from that time Schells¬ bors. He was an excellent pastor, had burg had a minister distinct from Bed¬ fine administrative talent, was possessed ford. In after years the title of Doctor of strong common sense, and was genial, of Divinity was conferred upon him. sympathetic and beloved. A firm ad¬ herent from conviction to the church in which he was born and educated, yet legheny synod convened here in Septem- was liberal-minded toward other denom¬ ber, 1869. inations and his pulpit was always open Rev. J. B. Keller came next on May 1 to evangelical preachers of every name. ^ 1871, and continued his labors here until He resigned his pastoral duties owing to May 1, 1874. In the first year of his failing health, and with the exception of a few years spent elsewhere, was a resi¬ pastorate, the basement of the present dent of Bedford to the time of his death, ; church was completed and dedicated. which occurred March 31, 1890, exactly The dedicatory service was held on Sun¬ forty-one years from the time he came to day, the 21st day of January, 1872, Rev. Bedford. Most of us remember his life F. W. Conrad, D. D., of Philadelphia, in our midst in recent years. The officiating. The bell whose familiar tones “Bishop” as he was called for many we hear so often, was at this time pre¬ years, unless prevented by sickness or sented to the church by O. E. Shannon, then a member of the church council. absence from town, never failed to attend Rev. Keller’s successor not being elect¬ the morning and evening services on ed until the following November, during Sunday, the weekly prayer meeting and the intervening six months, the church the Sunday school, of which he was services were conducted by Rev. Bru¬ superintendent for many years, and he baker. In this interval the churches of St. Mark’s, Bald Hill and Pleasant Val¬ was active both by pecuniary contribu¬ ley, were withdrawn from this charge, tions and by counsel and advice in all thus making the Bedford church inde¬ church enterprises. It was during his pendent. pastorate that the Lutherans sold their On November 8, 1S74, Rev. G. M. Rhodes took charge of the church, con¬ interest in the brick church on John street tinuing here until February 17, 1880. In to their fellow-owners, the Reformed 11878 the church executed a deed to the congregation, and erected a brick church Reformed congregation for their interest on the square. The Lutheran interest in in the old graveyard on John street. In the church property was sold for the sum this pastorate the auditorium of this $300, the Lutherans reserving the use of church building was finished, and was the bell for a stipulated time, and one- dedicated the third Sunday in December, half interest in that part of the church 1877. Dr. Conrad, of Philadelphia, yard used for burying purposes. The preached the dedicatory sermon. The sweet toned bell, whose deep notes can large window in the front of the main be heard six miles distant, is still in the audience room, the memorial window to possession of the Reformed congregation Miss Linnie Wilson, and the pulpit fur¬ of this place. The corner stone of the niture, were presented to the church by new church was laid July 3, 1848, and the Mrs. Louisa Wilson, of Philadelphia, building dedicated on August 12, 1849, it The memorial window to Rev. Wm. Yea¬ having ccst a little over #3,000. Tlje ger was given by the late David Shaffer, parsonage adjoining the church was built then residing near Rainsburg. The La¬ during this pastorate also, in the year dies’ Aid Society of the church presented 1852. In October, 1858, synod convened - the carpet. The large puljSit Bible was a in this place. given by the Sunday school. Aside from Rev. Benedict’s successor was Rev.; these gifts the church as a whole cost"’ Samuel Yingling, who commenced his about #14,000. labors here in January, 1859, and con¬ From the time of Rev. Rhodes depar¬ tinued them until July, 1864. During his ture in February', 1880, to the following1 pastorate the St. Clairsville and Stone Fovember, Rev. B. F. Hunt acceptably churches were separated from this charge. filled the pulpit. The next minister in charge was Rev. A On November 1, 1880, Rev. C. M. Essick. His pastorate continued for two Stock came to this church as pastor. In years, from October 1, 1S64, to October 1, September, 1881, Synod convened here 866. Mr. Stock succeeded in the first few His successor was Rev. J. Q. McAtee, years of his pastorate, in having the who came here February 1, 1867, and left debt of several thousand dollars which February 26, 1871. During his stay here had been standing on the church, paid the church building was tern down and off. In addition to this, the outside of the present edifice was commenced. A1 the church building was painted in 188^/ at a cost of $300. About the same*time widely scattered, to a thriving church off the main auditorium was frescoed, th< 275 members. If the example of faithful I funds amounting to nearly #500, being earnest work in the past can insure suc-t donated by the Young People’s Society cess for our church in the future, it wills of the church. During the last year o go on increasing largely in temporal and! his stay here, extensive repairs were be¬ spiritual welfare. May it gain the plau-1 gun on the parsonage. Mr. Stock left dit, “Well done.” Badford in October, 1887, after a success¬ Emily Blanche Mann. I ful pastorate of seven years. He remov¬ ed from this place to Hanover, Pa. The iarge church, of which he took charge, in From, 1 ' < •; *■*' fit that place was fortunate in securing the services of a man with such pulpit and administrative talents as he evinced dur /?■■>.<■.Gk,, ing the years spent as pastor of this church. Date,, Rev. M. H. Valentine became pastor 4J here December 1, 1887, and continued here five years, until December 1, 1892. THE PALATTOTES.j Mr. Valentiue is the son of Rev. M. Val¬ entine, D. D., of Gettysburg. When he THEIR ARRIVAL; IN PENNSYLVANIA. came here it was to enter upon the duties of bis first Charge, but his success in our arnes ot the Ships in Which They Were Brought to America and the Time midst proved in no small degree that he They Qualified. was a man of remarkable ability, and his Ship Ann Galley qualified 27th Sep¬ labors bo h within and out of the pul¬ tember, 1746—Caspar Heydrick, Carl pit were such that he will always be held Heydrick, Michael Egolf, Christian in loving remembrance by those who Lentz, Michael Dietz, George Albacht ) were under his ministry. The remodel- Hillegass, Michael Egolf, Jr., John! : ing of the parsonage gave the congrega¬ Lentz, Frederick Eickholtz. tion a debt of over $2,000, which he suc¬ Ship Neptune qualified 25th October, ceeded in reducing about one-half. Dur- 1746— John Peter Funk, Peter Suter,[ his pastorate electric light was placed in Frantz and Andreas Reinhart. the auditorum, a large addition was made Ship Bilanda Vernon qualified 1st to the Sunday school library and a August, 1747—Frederick Wertz, Samuel Christian Endeavor Society was organ¬ Witmer. - ized in 1890. About half the money Ship Restoration qualified 9 ,h October, which has been used for the repairs in 1747— Christian Eller, Jacob Gross, these rooms, was raised in the Sunday Christian Rupp, Hans Loy, Michael school while he was here. Mr. Valentine Schell. _ is at present pastor of the Messiah Luth¬ Ship Two Brothers qualified 13th Oc¬ eran church in Philadelphia, tober, 1747—Jacob Arnold, Sr., Matthias On March 1, 1893, Rev. W. W. Anstadtl| Kerr, Philip Wolf, Johan Frantz Ham¬ became pastor here. It needs not the tell- mer, Johan George Anstadt, Adolph ^ ing that his work has been attended with May. —. great success. These improvements on Ship Unknown qualified 20th October, » this floor have been made jointly by the 4747—John Stump, Peter Kennel, Don¬ ' Sunday school and Christian Endeavor ald Leidy. e Society of the church, and at an expense Ship Edinburgh qualified 5th Septem¬ of nearly $400, and are due largely to the ber, 1748—Melchoir Brown, Henry Mer¬ energy of our pastor in pushing them kel,’ John William Gardner, John Leon¬ forward. The improvements consist of ard May, Wilhelm Hans Mann. paper, paint, carpet, chairs and electric Skip Hampshire qualified 7th Septem¬ light. ber, 1748—Rev. John Albert Weggard, It is now one hundred and twenty five John George Stimmel, John Daniel Ham¬ years since the permit was given to the mer, Frederick Hammer, Frantz Grove, Lutherans of Bedford to erect a house of Jacob Hammer, Peter Heller. worship. One hundred and and twenty- Ship Mary Galley qualified 7th Sep¬ five years have changed the congregation tember, 1748—Caspar Klahr, John Hip- from a handful of struggling settlers, Ship Two Brothers qualified loth Sep¬ Ship Elinburgh qualified 15th Septem¬ tember, 1748—Jacob Scherer, Frederick ber, 1749—Frederick Klar, Anton Shriner, Hyde, John Slagle, John Wyant. Conrad Knepper, Christopher Lambert, Ship Judith qualified 15th September, George Henry Ressler, Johan Peter 1748—John Adam Leidig, J oEn and The- * fSteyer. bus Spies. Ship Phoenix qualified 15th September, Ship Patience qualified 16th September, 1749—George Wanamrker, Abraham| 1748—Sylvester Weimer, John Philip Nonemacher, Peter Garrett, Daniel! ' Hertzell, Joseph Piper, Carlos Boyer, ' Duvall, Johannes Hartz, John Peter Eich- ' Jerich Baltus Cleaver. er, Johan Adam Walter, Martin Ritter, Ship Patience and Margaret qualified Jacob ManD, Johan Michael Walker. 25th September, 1748—John Knipe, John Ship Patience qualified 19th September, Peter Fick, Hendrick , Michael 1749—Johan George Bowman, Philip Herr, Michael Kerr. art, John Bush. Ship Speedwell qualified 25th Septem¬ ber, 1749—Stephen Statler, Michael Schock, Adam Bachman, Johannes ■ Anstatt, Ludwig Moser, Hendrick Work- man Beltz. man. Ship Crown qualified 30th August, Ship Ranier qualified 26th September, 1749—Jacob and Hans Markel, Jacob 1749—Sabastian Weitzell, Martin Glass,!,: Groff, Michael Beeler, Jacob Black, Johan Adam Apple, Conrad Lauderback. ■Jacob Seiler, Hans Madara, Martin Det- Ship Dragon qualified 26th September, ’{wiler, Jacob Wertz, Hans Stoier, Adam 1749—Johan Peter Risiager, Henry Brill, feible, Hans George Reininger, Jacob George L *up. huder, Leonard Henn, Hans Garber, Ship Isaac qualified 27th September. Jacob Finman, Ulrich Filler, Hans Gra- j 1749—Nicholas Frantz Gerlick, Henry oer. Burket. Ship Chesterfield qualified 1st Septem¬ Ship Ann qualified 28th September,," ber, 1749—Maximillian,. George and Jo¬ 1749—Johan Peter Beisel, Jacob Wishart. seph Speidle, Jacob Klotz, John Maurer, Ship Jacob qualified 2al October, 1749 Jaques Morris, Lofeutz Schwitzer, Jacob -Jiha Heinrich Rahm, Jacob Trout. Herr. Malchior Wolfert, Martin Rlymyer. Ship Albany qualified 2nd September, j. Ship Leslie qualified 7th October, 1749 1749—Johan Girber, John Henry Metz, —Johan Pnilip Krisman, Peter K eio. Johan Martin Schuck, Johan Adam Ewalt, Ship Lydia qualified 13 h October, 1749 Michael Bucb, Matthias Nunemaker.Fred- ■Jacob Buch, Michael Kipp, Johannes'. erich Lowe, Alexander Klinger, Conrad Ohlinger, Simon and George Bressler,; Manges, Hans Philip Krichbaum, Valen¬ George Lambert,, Jacob Adams, Christian, tine Shuck, Nicholas Beitzel, Johan Adam Lentz, George Huff, Jacob Statler, and Johan Wilhelm Krichbaum, Peter Ship Dragon qualified 17lh October. Bruner. 1749— George Stambach, Wilhelm Man¬ Ship St. Andrew qualified 9th Septem ges. Johannes Bigler. ber, 1749.—Jacob Linke, Heinrich Ham Ship Fane qualified 17th October, 1749 mer, Ulrich Ellenberger, Isaac Schnable, l- -Christophel Graff Adam Seifert, Johan: Abraham Brubaker, Christian Groff, Heinrich Gerlach, George Steiger, Jacob^ Jacob Hershberger, Jacob Leidig, Jacob Steyer, Conrad Steyer. Eshleman, Johannes Fink, Johan Bru¬ Ship Patience qualified 11th August, baker, Johannes Appleman, Hans Adam 1750— Heinrich Lentz, Jacob Reighart, Darr, Ulrich Stoier. Johan Nichol Brode, Abraham Ritner. Ship Priscilla qualified 11th September, Ship Bennet Galley qualified 13th Au-,. 1749—Henry Barr, John Matthias Boor. gust, 1750—Caspar Statler, George Fred-| Ship Christian qualified 13„h Septem¬ erickHoon, Hans Michael Hetzel, Johan ber, 1749—A.dam Caspar Geisha ger, nes Hoon, Joseph Ake, Peter Merkel, John Philip Horn, George Michael Darr. Hans Michael Bonnett, Johan George! Ship Two Brothers qualified 14th Hafer. | September, 1749—Jacob Gruber, Simon Ship Edinburgh qualified 13th Au-4 Holler, Wilhelm Die z,Christian Matthias gust, 1750—Michael Lsmer, Andreas Diz, ;Gobler, Johan Adam Speiss, Heinrich Conrad Hafer, Wendal Reinmger, An-jj W eller. dVe^s Soielman, Johannes Philips, Jacob! j^Walter, George "Remnger! Ship Queen of Den mirk qualified Ship Royal Uuioa qualified 15th Au¬ October, 1751—Johan F-ederica Hering. gust, 1750—Wendel Bretz, Jacob Werk- Ship Janet qualified 7 h O tober, 1751 ing, Peter Maun, John Adam Smeltzer, —Adam Jordan, George B gier. Anthony Suder, Frederick Snecht, Ra¬ Ship Dube of Wlrtemberg qualified 16th ndolph Hemming, Solomon. Owffman. October, 1751—Frederick Herring, Pete: Ship Anderson qualified 21st August, Kammerer. *1750—Conrad Derr, Johannes Bretz, Ship Halifax qualified 22od September, Matthias Weime'-,. 1752—Peter Wendling J hannes Jordan, Ship Brothers: quil'fied 24th August, '! Hermanus Ake. 1750—Johan Ivichlaus Helm, Martin Ship Ann Galley qualified 23rd Sep¬ ^Benich, John Adam Wolfert, Johan tember, 1752—Georg s Michael Beltz, *j Benedict Kriegeij, Johan Heinrich Hank, Johan Jacob Beltz. J. Adam Lucas. Ship Nancy qualift id 27th September, Ship Two Brothers qualified 28th Au¬ 1752—Philip Jacob Wonder. gust, 1750—Hans Adam Bottomfleld, Ship Phoenix qual.fied 2nd November, Jacob Roller, Andreas Weutz, Michael 1752— Matthias Wilhelm Homing, John gMell, Jacob Daniel, Philip Dellinger. Ludwig Feaster, Peter Ross. Ship Phoenix qualified 28th August, Ship Queen of Denmark qualified 11750—Solomon Philips,Martin Buchman, 11th September, 1753—Christian Ludwig |,! Jacob Riffel, Jacob Hech, Conrad Hafer. Hardman. iPeter Will, Joseph Garber, Thomas Ship Edinburg qualified 2nd October, Shlighter, God ieb Bobb, Philip S .ock, 1753— Adam Nicodemus. | Johannes Stechel. Ship Countess of Sussex qualifitd| Ship Nancy qualified 31st August, 17 >0 21st September, 1765—Johan Theodore I—Johan Jacob Brumbaugh, Jacob Gilbert, Hoflus. l Jonas Raub. This article will close the history of the jjj Ship Priscilla qualified 12th September, Palatinates. For nearly four months we P1750—Johannes Foller, Baltht-zrr Filler, have given our time to collating and com¬ IMalchior Kleinfelter. piling these articles. To us it was a Brigantine Sally qualified 17 h Septe-r- labor of love. In parting with the reader* |ber, 1750—Hans Amich, Hans Stoler. of The Gazette we desire to say that we Ship Osgood qualified 29th Saptemb ir, have faithfully fulfilled every pr anise 1750—Conrad Tull, John Grein r, X ci- made by us iu the first article, and we olas Horner, Wilhelm Humber, J >hn feel amply repaid for our labor an 1 time Schwab, Johan George Speide', Jon in the fact that you have enjoyed th-se I Krebs, Johan G otfried Ritter. articles, and that you have been benefited Ship Brotherhood qualified 3rd Njvsm by them. We also desire to ex[ ie”our [ber, 1750—1750—JosephJoseDh Bassler, Jacob Sv> thanks to the The Gazette Lr k nJ! I waiter, Michael Peter Stuckey, J >hn publi shing them. Farewell I Showalter. A Paeattv^t Ship Sandwich qualified 3rd November, 1750— Adam Weigel, George Cooper, Roland Way, Jacob Bollinger, Johan From,. &-£r£td.C- jPeter Lambert. Ship Mortonhouse qualified 24 ih Au- j gust, 1732—Joanes Trunkey. Ship Samuel qualified 17th August, |1733—Peter and Jacob Pis j). Ship Patience qualified 16„b Septem¬ ber, 1748—Joseph Piper. The following named persons arrived TTIII-; WHITE CHURCH, after 1750. Ship Shirley qualified 5 th September, OR “THE OLD CHURCH i [■HE HILL ” 1751— Jacob Bernard Dannaker. Ship Two Brothers qualified 21st Sep Interesting; Information Concerning the • tember,1751—Johan Henricb Nicodemus. Schellsbnrg Charge—Organized in 1806 —Its Pastors. Ship Nepti.ne qualified 24th Septem¬ ber, 1751—Johannes Rejig. ScnET.ESBUHG, July 17.—The Schells- ; Ship Phoenix qualifie. 25th September, j burg charge was originally a part of 1 1751—Jacob Jordan. Bedford charge. The first congregation of gregations. During the early part of Rev. the Schellsburg charge was organized in* Heckerman’s ministry the “old white? 1806. A lot of ground, situated on Chestnut] church” was vacated, aBd a new Reform¬ Ridge, about one fourth of a mile west of ed church built in the town of Schellsburg. I1] Schellsburg, was granted and conveyed1 On the 8th of February, 1851, the consis-f by John Schell, after whom the town was tery of the Reformed congregation met ‘ [ |named, in 1806, jointly to the Reformed, for the purpose of considering the propri¬ and Lutheran congregations, on which to ety of building the new church, and at; build a union church. The deed for the this meeting the building committee was; ground was given on the 17th of March, appointed ; and on the 21st of February jj 111807. This ground is now a part of the the committee entered into contract with; Schell sburg cemetery. parties for the erection of the new church. Here was built what has been ever Peter Schell broke the sod for the church since commonly called “the church on the od the first day of March, 1851. The I hill” or the “old white church.” It is a church was built of brick, 42 by 62 feet. log building 25 by 30 feet.weatherboarded, !There was also a congregation organized* two stories high, galleries on three and church built on Dry Ridge, which; j sides, wineglass pulpit and a very large belonged to the Schellsburg, or as then; altar nearly in the centre of the church. called, Bedford charge. The logs for the building were donated by! After this there was another congrega¬ John Schell, John Mowery, Jacob Hille- tion organized at New Buena Vista, four' gass and George Rock, each giving; miles south of Schellsburg; and, during; enough to build one side or end. Tin the pastorate of Rev. N. H. Skyles, two;; church was not finished at once, but byV more congregations were organized, one! piecemeal. For three years the members at New Paris, five miles north, and the I worshiped here without a stove, the mem¬ other at Mann's Choice, five miles east off bers living nearest carried with them t< Schellsburg. service their “dutch ovens” filled with* The Schellsburg charge was constituted j live . These, together with the! and separated from the Bedford charge faith, kept them warm. In 1809 they during the pastorate of Rev. Henry purchased a stove and pipe, and in' Heckerman; and as thus constituted itl 1812 they improved the church by the ad- consisted of Schellsburg, Dry Rdge and I Idition of a pulpit, stair's and pews, and New Buena Vista congregations. To j 1 jtwo years later the gallery was built, and this newly constituted charge Rev. Joseph several years after this the church was Hannaberg was called on the 15th of! plastered. There it stands in the middle July, 1859. In 1862, the last year of Rev, of the cemetery like a lonely sentinel Hannaberg’s ministry, the charge num¬ keeping watch over the dead that lie sleep¬ bered 306 members. ing all around it. Dur;ng the last year of Rev. Skyles’ The first regular minister of the charge ministry, 1872, the charge consisted of! was Rev. Deatrick Aurat dt, but as to the five congregations and numbered 380 mem- exact date of his ministry we have no ers. In 1873 the Schellsburg charge was record. It must have been, however, be¬ divided, constituting Schellsburg, Buena, tween 1806 and 1811—as in 1811 Rev. and New Paris, the Schellsburg charge Henry Gerhart became pastor. and Mann’s Choice, Dry Ridge and Sav¬ The old records of this congregation age, the Sulphur Springs charge. Rev., show an original membership of 37. From W. D. Lefevre was called to the former,; the time of its organization we have no and Rev. N. H. Skyles to the latter record of its membership, except that giv¬ charge. - * en above, until 1836, at which date Rev. The Schellsburg charge consists at pres¬ George Leidy records the communicant ent of these three congregations and num¬ members as 58—29 male and 29 female. bers 206 communicants. The pastors of Ten years later, in th8 time of Rev. Jacob the charge were as follows: Zeigler’s ministry, the membership is giv¬ 1. Rev. Deatrick Aurandt; 2. Rev. en as 86. And in 1851, in the time of Henry Gerhart, 1811 to 1829 ; 8. George Rev. Henry Heckerman’s ministry, the Leidy, 1835 to 1843 ; 4. Rev. Jacob Zeig- communicants were 102. ler, 1844 to 1849 ; 5. Rev. Henry Hecker¬ After this date the number of communi¬ man, 1850 to 1859, 6. Rev. Joseph Han¬ cant members seems to be smaller—ow¬ naberg, 1859 to 1862; 7. Rev. N. H.! ing, perhaps, to the formation of new con Skyles, 1863 to 1873 ; 8. Bev. W. D 1878 to 1884; 10. Rev. F. W. Brown, 1884 to 1888; 11. Rev. J. B. Stonesifer, 1890 to 1891; 12. Rev. Daniel G. Hetrick 1892-.__ ■ —IBTTPTT

From,

■■■ •C.(.?■<.

Date, C ./ */ '/ jff '/-/'

/ BEDFORD'8 CENTENNIAL YEAR. Editor Gazette:—As the suggestion | An Historical .Event Which Should be Fit¬ of my friend, Dr. C. N. Hickok, in re¬ tingly Celebrated. gard to celebrating the centennial of Editor Gazette :—It is oaly needed, George Washington’s presence in Bed¬ j to awaken interest in the subject, to re- ford, in October, 1794, has met with mind your readers that the present is a no response from the citizens of Bedford, |centennial year for Bedford. I take the liberty to suggest the celebra¬ One hundred years ago President tion of the 13th of March, 1895, as the ; Washington, with an illustrious escort, centennial of the incorporation of the came to Bedford on the oocasion of the town of Bedford into a borough. II ‘Whisky Insurrection.” For three days From my notes on Bedford I find 'that —October 19, 20 and 21. 1794—the citi¬ two Indian traders, Ray and Garret Pen¬ zens of the old borough entertained as dergrass, Sr., and William Fredregill, distinguished a company of guests as the and perhaps others, settled here, wi world has ever known. the permission of the Indians, in 175 There was Washington, president of the and 1751. They built several houses. United States ; General Knox, secretary The town and the river were called after1 of war; General Alexander Hamilton, Ray. After the treaty with the Six secretary of the treasury ; Justice Peters, Nations, in 1754, whereby the Indian of the United States courts; General - claim to the territory, including Bedford I Harry Lee, governor of Virginia and county, was extinguished, the Indians military commander of the expedition ; became greatly dissatisfied, and took sides Governor Mifflin, of Pennsylvania ; Gov¬ with the French. The early settlers were ernor Howard, of New Jersey ; Governor then driven away from their homes by I Thomas S. Lee, of Marvland, and Gen¬ the Indians. This was the first Indian ii eral Daniel Morgan, of Virginia, all men '■! outbreak in this province, and it led to celebrated in colonial and revolutionary the defeat of General Braddock’s army. | history. In 1758 the bounds of this conveyance, I call attention to this historical remin¬ I in consequence of the interposition of iscence because, if there be any intention the English government with the pro¬ | on the part of our citizens to celebrate prietaries, was greatly abridged. A deed the event in any way, it is time there / executed at Easton, in October of that should be a movement in the matter. year, released to the Indians the land I remember well the regret of many of situated northward and westward of the ;our citizens, especially of the late Judge ■ “Allegheny Hill.” The last purchase Alexander King, in 18G6. that the cen¬ made by the proprietaries was at Fort tennial year of the founding of Bedford £ Stanwix, in November, 1768, when the was allowed to pass without recognition, Indian claim throughout the province until too late, from mere forgetfulness. was entirely extinguished. One day’s observation of such events is, A fort was erected at Raystown about for our youth, an object lesson of more 1757. In 1758 it was called Fort Bedford, practical value than many pages of writ¬ alter the Duke of Bedford. On the 29th ten local history. We have with us gen¬ of October, 1761, the manor of Bedford tlemen, such as Judge Hall, William was surveyed on a warrant dated 25th Hartley, Esq., and others, posted in our November, 1748. The town of Bedford | early annals, who could make the observ- was surveyed by John Lukens, the sur¬ |ance of these illustrious days most inter¬ veyor general, between the 4th and esting. Truly yours, Charles N. Hickok. Everett, August 14, 1894. 114th days of Junei fashioned and feeble, y^CTai'account | the governor. the more impressive. Especially so was The town was incorporated into a bor the singing of the old hymn, “I Would |ough by the act of March 13, 1793. Con- Not Rive Alway.” Isequently, the borough will be one hun- Space will not permit us to say any¬ jdred years old on March 13. 1895. thing about the addresses which were ] It is to be hoped that the burgess will | especially fine, suffice it to say that the call a town meeting some months before address of Rev. R. R. Gerhart on the jthis Period» in order that suitable arrange¬ history of the Reformed church was in¬ ments may be made for celebrating this structive and was listened to with marked i i day with proper ceremonies. attention. Yours truly, Rev. Harnish read a paper on the his- 1 William P. Schell. tory of the Reformed church on Clear * Ridge, an epitome of which we give as 1 f follows: From,.f.A i£r.t < .. - The congregation was organized in 1844, but was for several years without a church building until the Frame church % , : in contra-distruction from the log church was begun in 1845. Previous to the organization of the con- Date, ■'y S' '/?■'«' gregation several families in the vicinity of the present church were connected with the Reformed church of Friend’s Cove and Bloody Run. These were the families of Reonard Nycum, John Red- ^ [Fiftieth Anniversary of i the Founding of inger, Abraham Weaver, Rewis Koontzi and Solomon Fxline. Among their de- the Bethel, or Clear Ridge. cendants are many of the present mem-jw bership of the church. Before they had! BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. an organized congregation and preaching I service near at hand these pioneer fathers ?’ The Original Organization of the Con¬ of the church often crossed the rugged! gregation. Ministers Who Filled the on foot by a narrow' Pulpit for the Cast Half Century. path to the Friend’s Cove church. Thither they carried the children to be baptized. 1 Thither went the youth to be confirmed. Thursday, the 20th of September, was From Bedford came the faithful pastor to the day appointed for the celebration of lay to rest the dead. the fiftieth anniversary of the organiza¬ The ministers who preached in the tion of the congregation and founding of Friend’s Cove church previous to the the Bethel Reformed church, formerly founding of the Clear Ridge church were ; Frame church of Clear Ridge charge, Rev. Henry Gerhart, 1816 to 1833; Rev. now under the pastorate of Rev. R. C. Solomon K. Dennis, 1833 to 1835; and Harnisb, but the inclement weather the Rev. Geo. Reidy, 1835 to 1843; These re¬ few days previous interfered with the sided at Bedford. preparation and prevented much of the In 1843 Rev. Matthew Irvine became attendance from a distance. A number pastor of the Friend’s Cove charge, and of the previous pastors were expected to began missionary work on Clear Ridge, be present but were thus prevented from holding services in school houses and coming. Only one of these, Rev. D. G. barns. From these efforts have grown Kline was present. the present Reformed congregations. It But notwithstanding the inclemency of was during his pastorate that the Frame the weather, quite a goodly number as¬ church was built. sembled in the afternoon and were en- The reforms had for some time been joyabiy entertained by Revs. Gerhart, granted the privilege of worshiping in the McKean, Klein and Harnish. A notable Rutheran church, a log structure still in feature of the occasion was the music use about two miles distant, but owing rendered by the same old choir that sang I to some disagreement the Reformed there nearly fifty years ago. It was old- people founded a separate church build- 'ing. The site was donated by John I 1 in Bedford, April, 1857, aged 39 years. /

if a soldier he shall suffer the severest mild tipple for some of those old Scotc Irish. Doubtless a pint un watered would j corporal punishment—if a sutler he shall have his goods^ptaaMl-ed and be drumm¬ have been more to their taste. ' ed out of camp, and any person who is A general order provides that General Forbes will review the line to-morrow i found to buy or exchange or receive in any shape from an Indian any of the forenoon at 12 o’clock and the quarter - presents made them by His Majesty I master is this afternoon to appoint a prop¬ , shall be deemed equally guilty. No er field for that purpose. ^trading liquor to Indians after that at Saturday, November 4, by general order Bedford, nine hundred lashes would be it is stated that Brigadier General Forbes a good persuader. Friday, October 13. | was extremely well pleased with the ap 11758, the First Virginians marched for I pearance of the troops made this day Loyal Hannon under command of Col- and returns the officers and soldiers his Ionel Washington. Camp atShawneese most hearty thanks. He is extremely sen¬ Cabin, Saturday, October 14, an order sible of the difficulties and labors they evidently by Colonel Washington, directs have already undergone and is no less soil that all officers may put on what dress of the approaching season of the year withithl’j -,111 * they think proper to-morrow. The all their wants, but as a short time will ; | camps of the First Virginians were at Ed¬ put an end to the campaign he hopes' n i munds Swamp Sunday, October 15; at their spirit and zeal for the honor of their StoDy Creek October 16; at Muddy Run king and country will animate every indi¬ Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, Oc- j vidual to go forward with unanimity and tober 17, 18 and 19 ; Friday, October steadiness which cannot fail to gain them 20, at White Oak RiJge; Saturday, the reward due to good soldiers and lovers October 21, at the S. E. side of Laurel of the cause they are so justly employed- Hill; October 22, at the N. W. side of in. He knew how to stimulate by praise Laurel Hill ; October 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, as well as to intimidate by punishment. and 28, at Loyal Hannon. A general order at Loval Hannon, Sunday, October 29,1758, at Loyal Han¬ Thursday, November 9, 1758, provides non a general order by Colonel B uquet, that the troops shall be under arms to who was in chief command—General, morrow at 11 o’clock to fire volleys at 12 Forbes remained at Riystown—provides, jT o’clock in honor of His Majesty’s birthday, “Divine service this afternoon at 3 o’clock to be performed in the following manner : |if the weather permits.” Loyal Hannon, The artillery to begin with seven can¬ i Friday, November 3, 1758—All the pris- non followed by the Marylanders and ! oners of the different corps to parade im¬ North Carolinians who are to make one mediately upon the grand parade in order volley ; 2nd, the 1st battalion of Pennsyi to cut firing for the general; this meant fire vanians; 3rd, the Highlanders ; 4th, the I wood■ ■ ■ ^ for«■ General/"'I /\vh /\«n 1 Forbes, whotTT /-V narrived TT/» /j thatt n t 1st Virginian regiment; 5th, the Royal day from Ft. Bedford, sick with dysintery, : Americans ; 6th, the 2nd battalion of as he had been for months. He was tiken Pennsylvanians ; 7th, the 1st Virginian S sick in July at Carlisle and traveled on a regiment; to be performed three times by ] litter swung between two horses. This each corps. Loyal Hannon, November 12. 1758— order provides that the general’s levee A detachment of 480 men under Colonel hour shall be every day at 12 o’clock, William Byrd to march at reveille beat- and states that the general is highly I ing to the ground where the skirmish was [satisfied with the behavior of the troops last evening to inter the dead bodies. this campaign and in consideration of A detachment of 960 men under Colonel the coldness of the weather and the# Armstrong to march at 8 o’clock with two | fatigue they have to go through is pleas¬ days’ provisions. ed to allow every man a gill of spirits perl Loyal Hannon, November 14, by gen day whilst it can be provided, and in eral order the forces are divided into case it should fall short a further supply I . I three brigades, to be commanded by Col¬ :is expected —the quartermasters are there¬ onels Bouquet, Montgomery and Wash- fore to give to the king’s commissary a j ington, who are to act as brigadiers. The daily return of the number of men they! have fit for duty that they may receive a right to be commanded by Colonel Wash¬ i gill of spirits each which they are to see ington, to consist of the First Virginia rnixt with water before they deliver it. regiment, two companies of artificers, the Prudent General Forbes 1 A rather Carolinians, the Marylanders and the com- parries from the three lower counties of era marching abreast—the fourth” parti; Pennsylvania. The centre to be com¬ of each brigade to compose a corps of re¬ manded by Colonel Montgomery and to serve and form a second line behind their consist of the Highlanders and 2 ad Vir- brigades. In case the enemy appears the ginina regiment. The left to be com¬ line of battle to be formed in single ranks, manded by Colonel Bouquet and to con¬ leaving a distance of one hundred and! sist of the three Pennsylvania battalions fifty yards between the first and second commanded the 1st by Colonel John lines, with the right and left wings advanc¬ Armstrong, the 2nd by Colonel James ed more than the centre in order to sur- Burd and the 3rd by Colonel Hugh Mer¬ round the enemy. Captain Bosumworth I cer, and the Royal Americans. The re¬ and Lieutenant Arthur St. Clair to act asi serve to consist of 200 Highlanders, 200 aids de camp to General Forbes. The; Second Virginians and 200 Pennsylva¬ quartermaster general and 500 men to' nians. The First brigade to march early march at break of day to reconnoitre and the next morning (15th November), the open the road. The army to follow atJ - 2nd, at one o’clock and the 3rd, later in 7 o’clock. The Light Horse to push one the afternooD, each with provisions for and if they found the fort abandoned^ eight days—the tents to be left pitched to take possession of it. with one half the camp kettles and a suit¬ Here ends the order book. able guard detached from each corps to They found the fort' abandoned and| protect them. Ammunition to be careful¬ |took possession without, a struggle. ly examined—forty-four rounds for each One cannot but have a feeling of half re-E man, with three spare flints, two horses giet that they did not find a foe to con-I for each hundred men—the commanding test. General Forbes m ant business] officers of each corps to take only the and had his army in good shape and un¬ men they can most depend on. No wo¬ der complete control. He made no suohl men to march with Brigadier Washing¬ mistakes as Braddock had made three ton’s division. years before or as Major Grant made by his The next orders were issued as follows . ' ... ' advance and attack of the 14th Septem- i Camp at Chestnut Ridge, November ber which resulted in so bloody a rout [ m.15; camp near Bushy run, November and retreat. 16 ; camp at Bullock camp , November Sick as he was, he was clear-kta led, 17 ; new camp, November 18 ; camp near courageous, vigilant, prudent, self-pos¬ Turtle Creek, November 19; camp across sessed and determined, wita a will of tTurtle creek, November 22. The men iron, thoroughly master of his profes-J 1 were directed to lay on their arms that sion, a real general, the man for the oa- i night and to observe the greatest silence casion ; no doubt ably supported byl ,j jf and the officers were directed to examine Washington, Bouquet and Montgomery. [ j the arms and ammunition before every I count them a9 they should be ranked,| £ march, and to see that everything is i with Washingtoi first. Forbes in n m- C{ it ready for immediate action, making the! ing the brigadiers when he reconstructed I , t men open their touch holes and prime his army by the general order of Novem-| u afresh, etc. ber 14 places them Brnquet, Mmlgomeryj c Bouquets camp, November 23. No and Washington. Tuis wrs doubtless be¬ Msoldier to go beyond the chain of sentries cause the others were king’s offi :ers and I r to water horses without having his fire Washington was a provincial. But it is lc look In his hand—all the axes for felling ea9y to see in the subsequent orders that tl timber to be fresh ground—the greatest Washington stood first in his mind and w silence to be observed in camp and troops Colonels John Armstrong and Hugh^ o]to be extremely *■ alert upon their posts, Mercer, and James Burd and William | icjln case of an alarm at night to retire fifty Byrd, all older m m, were pissed over, ej yards behind their camp fires and lay and Washington, then only twenty-six j w down in regular order on their bellies— years of age, and probably the youngest | fo, and the troops to be under arms at break field offioer of his army, was pul in com¬ an of day. mand of a brigade. Forbes read menl Bouquets camp, November 24, 1758— well. He discerned in the tall, manly, | The army to march in three divisions grave, reserved, dignitial young Virgin¬ m each brigade in four columns, eight ian, whom he had m ;t for the first timel co Horse at the head of each column— on the 22 ad of September, the true stuff j ce^ and 3rd brigades to be disposed as of which heroes are made. And if the 1 ■ French and their Indian allies had been take command of this expedition ere to battle, a good account would as Wolfe was promoted from a colonell have been rendered on that 24th day of to a brigadier general to take command| November, 1753, and the ignominy of! of the expedition against Quebec. the defeat of Braddock and o! Grant Washington carefully copied his orderl would have been wiped out in a decided book, and no doubt under him in this I victory. campaign learned much of the art of war But the fort was deserted. Disap - he was afterward to make so grandly* pointed by the result of the summer ? ,? ' available in the struggle for American! campaign and abandoned to a great ex¬ independence. It is not unlikely that he tent by their Indian allies, the French had Forbes’ prompt and determined tak-| hid withdrawn and the English entered ing hold of the camp at Raystown, the unopposed to a bio adless triumph on the execution of John Doyle and the flog¬ morning of the 25th. ging of Falconer in his mind when he I General Forbes worn out by fatigue braced himself to the discharge of the sad And exposure and emaciated by disease duty of executing Major Andre. was immediately prostrated. He had Forbes was a sincerely devout man. | been supported by a determined will, and He held religious services every Sabbath, } jmw, the crisis passed and the strain re- and he recognized God’s controlling Ijjlaxed, he lay a helpless physical wreck providence in his letters to Governor for a week or more at Pittsburg, which Denny. More than once he says “if it he named after England's great prime should please God to grant us success.” minister, Ft. Pitt, and was then taken in He was a temperate man and a promoter a litter to Philadelphia, where he died in of temperance, as his order for the daily H March of the next year. gill of whisky mixt with water, with A sad end this to a stirring life—the which he no doubt astonished those ^opportunity for fame snatched from his Scotch and Scotch-Irish veterans, shows. igrasp—no chance to blend his name Governor Denny speaks in the highest iq with a great victory. And so he passed terms of his zeal, bravery and prudence. jaway into comparative oblivion. Colonel Armstrong is profuse in his; No county or city, not even a town¬ praise. He inspired confidence and com¬ ship, is called by his name in all this manded the highest respect. {vast and magnificent domain which his His name ought to be commemorated skill and nerve and valor aided in wrest¬ by a monument in the park at Pittsburg, ing from the French. Westmoreland coun- With the exception of a street called after through which this heroic soldier him there is no local appellation in the yj traveled in a litter between two horses, whole state to perpetuate his memory, ; emaciated to a skeleton—waging a con- and a majority of Pennsylvanians scarce¬ Ej diet with disease as well as against the ly know that such a man ever existed. French and Indians, has three townships William M. Hall. named Huntingdon—east and no-th and edford, Penn’a , September 25, 1894. s ■ south, and two townships called Ligoaier ["Copyright reserved hy theauthor^ —north and south, and two townships ,1 called Fairfield; and Fayette county has (?1 the euphoniously captivating title, of From,... .: Bullskin—duplicated Bullskins—Bullskin jnumber one and Bullskin number twoi fc /~c /o . I and Allegheny county has a township named Deer and another named F&wd, I and no township named Forbes I It is not Date i greatly to the credit of the judges of the ! courts of these counties, who have the HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. | naming of townships, that they have thus passed by the name of Forbes. The Reformed Church on Clear (l He was a typical British soldier—the' Ridge was founded in September, 1.8-14 ] colonel of the Seventeenth regiment of the Previous to that time, there were sev¬ regular army of Great Britain, promoted eral inthe vicinity oftbe present church to the rank of brigadier general by Gen¬ who were connected with Reformed eral Abercrombie, the oammander-in- \ churches in Friends Cove and Bloof chief, at the request of William Pitt, to Run (Everett). These were the faun ae ies»%t~ugt>uard Nycum, John Redinger, 1847. * * * The shingles were of Abraham Weaver, Louis Koohtz and white pine, split and shaved, and have Solomon Exline. From these faithful lasted * •> the present time. Thechurch patriarchs have sprung very many of has reyer been repaired, except repaint¬ the present membership of the church. ing once and papering. The Bible The piety which they exercised, even, which is still in use : a the church was under the greatest difficulties, may donated by Matthew Peoples of Bloody well serve as an example to us. Being Run and bears the following inscript¬ without church privileges near at hand ion on the fly leaf: “To the German Re¬ they crossed the steep and rugged Tus-i formed church on Clear Ridge with sey mountains on foot to the Friends regards of M. M. Peoples.” * * * Cove church. Thither they carried the There is no record from which to ob¬ little children in their arms to be bap¬ tain the numerical results of Rev. tised. There they listened to the preach-! Irvine’s labor, which was great ; but ing of God’s word and recived the Holy of far greater importance is the deep Communion. Thither the young people spiiitual influence which he exerted, repaired to receive catechetical instruc¬ upon the community, and which gave tion ane Confirmation. B;om Bedford character to the church. The remark¬ came the faithful pastor to lay to rest able vita’Ty which the congregation; the dead. Frequently, after a funeral has shown amid the most d:scouraging service, children were baptised. The circumstances '■> no doubt largely due pastors of Friends Cove charge, pre¬ to the character and influence of vious to the founding of the church on Matthew Irvine. * * * The pastors Clear Ridge were, Revs. Henry Ger¬ who followed Rev. Iivine were Revs. hart, 1816-1833, S- K. Dennis, 1833- Hoffme’er 1856—1860 ; Deatrick 1862— 1835, and George Leidy, 1835-1843. 1872; Sangree 1872-1879; Leader 1879- In 1843, Rev. Mathew Irvine became 1881; Klein 1883—1888. Daring the! pastor of the friends Cove charge. Al¬ s:x years that followed the resignation! though not favored with a thorough ed¬ of Rev. Klein the pulpit was supplied! ucational training, he seem 1 to have at intervals by various ministers and been a man of remarkably keen insight theological students. Amongthe min¬ and spiritual truth. Soon after enter¬ isters was Rev. Riter, who preached i ing on the labors of his pastorage, he be¬ occasionally until his death. gan very earnest m'ssionary activity on The students, M. M. Noacher, W. C.i ^Clear Ridge. He held services in the Sykes and L. C. Harnish, each served , old log school house which is still stand¬ the charge for three months during his | ing near B. B. Steckman’s, in the Sny¬ senior vacation in the years ’39, ’92 and! der school house which stood on the ’93, but the gc >d thus done during the sight of the one that was destroyed by summer was wafted away by the fire about a year ago, and in Mr. winter sforms, and the injury done the^ Koontz’s barn. In the Snyrder school charge by this long period of neglect house he held at least one communion. can never be repa’1-'I. In the provi-I It was about this time that the old log deuce of God, however, the flock finds church, situated about two miles from itsefl once more with a shepherd and1 here wai built. It was dedicated a with bright prospects ■ for the future.; Lutheran church, but the privilege of The present pastor, L. C. Harnish, wrs holding services was granted to the Re¬ install'd Juue 24, 1894. formed congregation. Difficulties arose betw'm the two congregations Rev. Matthew I: /ine. which led to the erection of the Bethel Born December, 1817, in Cumberland church, * * * The ground for the county, Pennsylvania. Lost his father! new building was given by John Sny¬ at an early age and was brought upprin-l der. A meetiug of the members was cipaliy mthefamilyof M>\Graham near held on the proposed sight in the spring Harrisburg. Married inD; cember, 1837 of 1845, and the building committee •o Catharine Ann Fetter, of Orrstown, was appointed, consisting of John Franklin county, where he taught Snyder, Henry Steckmaa and Lewis school until April, 1843. Studied theol¬ Koontz. * * * The church ogy pllvalely under Rev. A. H. i was about two years in process of con¬ Kremer, then pastor of the Shippens- struction, and was dedicated June 20Lh, burg and Orrstown Congregations. Licens d by Mercersburg Classis at Chambersburg in March, 1S43. Became Rev. William M. Deatrick. pastor of the Friends Cove charge in “I was born in Adams county, Penn- April of that year and served thi .een jsylvania, in 1823, and was reared on a years, although not able to fill his ap¬ farm, where I was taught to do farm pointments during the last few months work, and was favored with good of that period on account of ill health. health. Dedicated to the Lord in ba» Thi3 was his only pastorate, during it tism in infancy, when only a few weeks he married seventy-eight couples, bap¬ old, I was matured in a Christian tised three hundred and twenty-eight • family, both of my parents being mem¬ infants and received three hundred and bers of the church. When still quite thirty members into the church by con¬ young I experienced a longing and felt firmation. Died April 21, 1857, buried an earnest impulse to the Holy Minis¬ at Bedford, April 24. Services were try, which grew with my growth, and conducted by Revs. Heckerman, HoS- finally resulted, in the autumn of 1812, meier, and Gilds, Rev. II. Heckerman in m37 coming t) the educational Insti¬ preached the discourse from Isaiah tutions of our Church, then located 164:6. “And we all do fade as a leaf." at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. After Rev. Charles Frederick Hoffmeier. spending six years here, I graduated from Marshall College in Autumn of Son of Rev. John Henry Hoffmeier 1848, and three years later, September and wife, Gertrude Von Asen, who 1851, from the Theological Seminary. came to this country from Germany in I then spent a year in teaching an 1793. Charles Frederick wri born at academy in Maryland. On Christmas iHellertown, Pennsylvania, September day, 1852, I was ordained to the work ,24, 1803. Removed to Lancaster in of the Holy Ministry in the church at 11806, where his father became pastor of McConnellstown, Huntingdon county, the Reformed church. Confirmed at Pennsylvania, and at the same time the age of fifteen. Followed the mer¬ formally installed as pastor of the cantile business in Ephrata and Lan¬ charge consisting of Huntingdon and caster until 1841, studied for the min¬ McConnellstown, my labors there con¬ istry under Rev. G. W. Glessner, was tinued two and a half years,when throat I licened to preach in 1843 by Lebanon troubles necessitated my withdrawal |Ciassis and ordaiued the same year by ';om the charge, and a cessation of al¬ a committee of Zion’s Classis, thus en¬ <5 tering the ministry in his forty-first most a year from preaching followed. In the spring of 1856, I became pastor year with a family of seven children. of the Yellow Creek charge, which I Spent thirty two* years in the active served for a period of six and three ministry. Newville, Cumberland coun¬ quarter years. While residing at Pat- try, 1843-1845 : Beaders Charge, Adams tonsville, now Loysburg, my first ac¬ county, 1845-1847 ; Minersville. Sohujl- kill county, 1847-1849 ; organized a quaintance with the Clear Ridge con church at Womelsdorf, Berks county, gregation took place, the Mercersburg 11849-1850 ; Palmyra charge, Lebanon j Classis having appointed the Rev 'county, 1850-1851; returned to Womels¬ Heckerman and myself to supply the dorf one year ; Somerset charge, in¬ congregation, in consequence of a diffi cluding six congregations, 1852-1852 ; culty that had sprung up between the Friends Cove charge, 1856 1862 ; Mc- pastor Rev.Hoffmeier, and the members a Connel’sburg charge, Fulton county ; of the congregation. Late in the au¬ i Rebersbury, Center county ; New Ber- tumn of 1862 I became the pastor of Slin, Snyder county ; Armstrong Valley, the Friends Cove charge, to which the Dauphin county ; Liverpool, Perry i Clear Ridge congregation then belong- ,e county, and Troutville, Clearfield coun¬ ed, and served the cong.egetion n a ty. Lived retired one year at Dune; n- part of that charge until June, 1871, non, removed to Lancaster in 1876, nearly nine years, when it was detach¬ where he died of paralysis April 19th, ed from the Friends Cove charge. My pastora* i of the Friends Cove charge J877. continued until April 1875, a period of By request of Pastor Louis C. Har- twelve years and four months, when he nish, the folio wing brief autobiography became Financial Agent of Mercers- of Rev. William M. Deatrick wri bu'g College, remov’ng to Mercersburgr written by himself : Mr. Sangree was one of my first cat' ^.euhers, being con filmed in tfie ~Mc-| years. He united with Christs Reform-1 Connellstown church save after I be-' ed church by baptism and confirmation came pastor there* on Chr stmas, 1868, under the pastorate For thirty-sevenjconsecutive years I of Rev. S. C. Whitmer, under whose have served the Mercersbuvg Classis as plain and pointed preaching he was i its stated clerk, and for twenty-three soon led to feel called to the ministry. years as its treasurer, I have also filled) From Rev. Whitmer he received in- 1 the office of stated clerk of the Synod off struction in Latin and English branch¬ the Potomac for twenty-one and a half es. At the age of twenty-three he en¬ years, and rs treasurer of the Board of tered on a course of literary and theo-: \ Education nineteen years. I have like¬ logical training at Mercersburg College wise served as Presodent of the Board graduating from that institution in of Regents of Mercer burg College four-; 1879. He was licensed by Mercersburg teen years, and as President of the So¬ Classis in the spring of that year, and ciety for the Relief of Ministers and accepted a call to the Ererett charge,, their Widows eleven years. I am at was ordained in the church of that this time still filling the offices just place in October of the same year. nrned.” Clear Ridge belonged to the Everett Milton Huyett Sangree charge at that time. He served thisi Born in Smithsburg, Maryland, on charge for two years and four months; November 7, 1832. In the fifth year of was then called as missonary to DuBois,! his age he removed toMcConnellstown, Clearfield county, Pa., thence in 1884 Huntingdon county, where he lived as missionary to Williamsport, Pa., until he entered the ministry. Sei ved thence in 1889 to pastorate at-, Pa., bis country as Second Lieutenant of after four years and six months he was 1 Company K, 78th Regiment, Pennsyl¬ called to Paradise charge, Elk Lick, vania Volunteers, in one year’s service, Somerset county, Pa. until honorably discharged. Entered Rev. D. G. Klein. Theological Seminary at Mercersburg, I was born October 21,1828, on a farm on November 8, 1868. Graduated in near Lyons, Maxatawney township, 1871. Licensed to preach in 1871. He Berks county, Pa. The little schooling | worked in the interest of the Mercers¬ I received was obtained in private, or | burg College until March 1, 1872. He subscription, schools from about the ] was called to the Bloody Run charge year 1836 to the year 1843. When I was ij on January 27, 1872. Removed to past twenty-three years of age I yielded 'j ' Bloody Run on March 12,1872. Ordain¬ to the long felt inward impulse of the ’ ed and installed on Good Friday, by a Holy Spirit to enter upon a course of committee consisting of Rev. William preparation for the Holy ministery and M. Deatrick, Rev. Henry Heckerman went to Mercersburg, Pa., in May, 1852, and Rev. E. N. Kremer. Removed to to enter upon my studies in Marshall ■'{ Alexandria, Water Street charge, on Academy. I continued my studies in March 1, 1879. Removed to Arendes- this institution until the spring of 1854. ville, Adams county, on April 16, 18.°4. During the summer of that year and Became missionary pastor of the Fi'st the winter of 1855 I was engaged, in Reformed church at Steel -n, on Janu¬ teaching. I then entered the Theologi¬ ary 1, 1889. Undertook the pastorate cal Seminary of the German Reformed of the Fourth Reform 1 Missionary church at Mercersburg, Pa., and con-, church at Hauisbug, on June 1, 1893. tinutd my studies under Dx>. Schaff; i Rev. D. H. Leader, and Wolf. During the latter part of my Born in Bedford, Pa., on February theological course I became the student >, 20, 1809. Removed with his parents to supply of the McConnellsburg charge! 'jj Altoona, Pa., when he was seven years and served the same in that capacity i old, and continued to live there until for about a year. I left the Seminary j grown to manhood. He received a mea¬ the spring of 1S57 and was licensed to jfl ger education in common school, which preach the gospel, by the EastPennsyl-1 was r/terward improved on by dilli- vania Classis, in the month of May, J gent private study and reading. Work¬ following.In the latter part of June Ivisi-[ 9 ed at the trade of iron moulding in the ted theBellefontecharge, in CenterCoJl ’’•oad shops at that place for six and preached trial sermons in the five ■ congregations constituting the charge. I I was elected as past entered upon Si : ■ --TT r I my labors In Septem1 and was or¬ liist week we noted the fuel that dained by a committee of West Susque¬ j of l\limoving the famous old laml-ii ( ' hanna Classis, in October of the same tlii.s \own- known to local readers ai year. In the summer of 1863 I resigned thoseffamiliar with Everett and its histo the pastorate of the Bellefonte charge, Ins thf Old Mansion House, had eomnicueed. and from that time until the fall of 1881 Knowing that this old structure had a his¬ did not server ly regularly constituted tory co-existent with the history of the town, charge, but preached as supply to va¬ and which was in itself a part of that his¬ cant congregations in different places, tory. we made an elTort to get at the begin- | and for longer or shorter peri< Is of ning of it, if possible, and trace it down to time. Some of these congregations had date. Being told that Col. Joseph W. Tate, jb n irregularly severed from the,> for¬ of Bedford, knew more about the old build¬ mer connections and were in the danger ing and its history than any other man liv- | if not in actual process, of dissolution, 'ing in Bedford county, we interviewed 1 lie i when I assumed the role of supply, with Colonel on the subject while in lied ford on the approval of Clrrnis. In the fall of Saturday last, and 1'ouml that he did know 18811 took charge of a forlorn hope in a very great deal about it, and many other I I the counties of Clarion, Venango and tilings about Everett that would he exceed- ' ! Forest, known as the Tionesta Mission. ingly interesting to print if we had time and On account of internal dissentions opportunity to put them in shape. Unfor¬ which I found to prevail and could not tunately for us, the gallant Colonel had been 'get reconciled, I abandoned that field out driving with some ladies the greater part in January, 1883. In May of the same Jot' tile day, and we were unable to meet him year I visited the Clear Ridge charge, until within a few minutes before starling was elected, and returned upon my la¬ for home. We jotted down some of the bors as pastor of the same in July fol¬ Taels hastily given us respecting the settle¬ lowing. My installation took place at ment of his ancestor, Samuel Tate, at Bloody the Frame Church, August 26, and was Bun in IsO-l, and utilize some of them as, conducted by Revs. E. N. Kremer and follows:— W. I. Stewart. I labored here until In the year 1S00 Samuel- Tate, of Shi July 1888, when my pr V mate clos‘b penshurg, Cumberland county, visit v ;For two years I was without a field of Bloody Ban, as the settlement was then ' . labor and then I entered upon my pres¬ known, for the purpose of examining a lai ent pastorate in A "mstrong county, Pa., tract of land warranted in the name pfj''f’ where 1 have been trying to do the Mas¬ "William Daugherty. He was accompanied ter’s work during the past four years. by Sheriff Ephraim Blaine, of the same The occasion of the seuoi-ceiH nnial county, the grandfather of James G. Blaine. celebration of the founding of the Beth¬ It was a son of this same early visitor to el Congregation has once more called Bloody Bun, Ephraim L. Blaine, who after me to this pp e r id amongst friends of wards, in ls-20, was Sheriff of Washington >ne davs. county, and became the father of .James Gillespie Blaine, the illustrious America"* statesman, who was born ten years later, January 31, IS JO, at Brownsville, Washing¬ From, \/VCL ^ ‘ + ton county. In ]s()4, Samuel Tate returned to Bloody f\ Bun and purchased of Michael Barndolhu X.A.../?. one of the original settlers, all the lam West of Bloody Bun stream, and inclining ’• Date, Bloody Bun and Indian Springs, from Tus- 36 sey mountain to the Hollar purchase on Clear Creek, extending in one direction j‘] about two and-a-luilf miles and embracing f f jfc HOUSE WITH A HISTORY several hundred acres. Col. Tale gave us many details respecting the lines, corners, courses and distances of this purchase, hut One of the Land-Marks of Kveivtt thing these not being within the scope of our Obliterated—Some Facts Ooneerniiig it. present purpose we drop them hut, may j .77"-- \ vJy 'Jj " r 'v V .,' '-w THE 0!it> MANSION HOI SE._ 1803, wlicn lie quit the business and Isaac ave n-itwbr them at -mine other time. Grove succeeded him. In 1S05 Christian After becoming possessed of this valuable Snell rented the house and remained until property on the main public highway of'! .1800, when it again changed proprietor and t lie■ day betweenhhIhhU the East and the West, the John Grove had possession. Later, Captain new proprietor opened a hotel in the big Tate moved in a second time, but remained log house which Col. Tate thinks he found j on the premises, but which was subsequent¬ only a short time,and it changed hands many times iu the succeeding ten years, with the ly added to, enlarged and improved until | following named landlords :—Samuel Jiot- it became one of the most famous hostel lies ! on the liue between Cliambersburg and t tomtield, Akers & Cowan and Christian Gross, and perhaps others whose names are Pittsburg, and which in its palmy days en¬ tertained many of the most noted politicians, not now recalled. We do not pretend that the foregoing is a eminent statesmen and distinguished and ! correct history of this only remaining land¬ influential merchants and business men of mark of the early days of Everett or a com¬ the land and times. Bloody Run was one plete and accurate record of its many tenj of the points where the stage horses were changed and the passengers dined or alighted ants, but it is the very best we can evolve' from the information obtainable after paneln to taken “nip” or a “drop of Bedford county research and diligent inquiry. We expect mountain dew, "after their long and tiresome thal'our story will give rise to much discus- j ride over the mountains from either direc¬ sion, and possibly iu such discussion some tion. It is of this house we write and con¬ facts will be brought out which we have not | cerning which and its many landlords, after ! mentioned. These may afford us an oppor¬ much research and interrogating, we have tunity to revise our history at some future gathered the following facts : day for the benefit of posterity. The house had many diflerent landlords "By the way, the hotel was not always fiom time to time, most of whom will he known as the Mansion House. During the remembered by many of the older residents, many years of its popularity it had a num¬ and whose careers have contributed to the ber of names. It was Captain Sam Tate history of the tow n. From the most relia¬ who gave it tlie name of the Mansion House, ble sources available at this late day we are which he had emblazoned on the roof in let¬ informed that Samuel Tate was the original ters so large that he w ho ran might read. proprietor and first landlord, and conducted In IsTl the propelty was purchased by the the house for a number of years. Just how late Jacob B. Williams and was closed as a many years or what years we are unable to hotel. Since that time it lias been occupied say. After lie retired from business Philip principally as a tenement house. Compiler took charge of the house and con¬ As a local resort it was the rendezvous of ducted it for many years. 1 le w as succeeded the populace on all public-occasions. When by Robert Early, or “ Bob" Early, as he was the “little" and " nig musters," or animal familiarly known by the “boys” around review of the military contingent, was held, ‘own at that time. In 1830 Joseph Hollar all old scores were settled in true pugilistic ■euted the house and continued in control style in the yard in front of the house, and : r the hotel for about six years, when John many a man has received a bloody nose and iarris succeeded him and conducted the a black eye in the settlement of an old dis¬ hotel from 1837 to 1839, He was followed pute in this yard. From the time the build¬ n succession by Abram Cramer, Peter Al¬ ing was erected it was a well-known place right and Datid C. Tate, until the year for the lads and lassies of the community to 544, when Captain William States and X. congregate and enjoy themselves at the Koons took charge and done a paying many evening parties which werelie'ld there. nsincss for three or four years. John C. Many of the residents of our town cau re¬ Black then became the propietor and re¬ call the time or times—“ many a time and mained in charge during the year 1819. oft"—when they were present on such About 1850 Captain William States again festive occasions, and “danced all night JO ok possession and was there until 18552. In 'till broad daylight ” to tlie music of “ Ma¬ 1853 Jesse Grove was the landlord, hut he jor” Hershberger's violin, “and went home ■tired after a brief experience, and was with the girls in (lie morning.” Many hap¬ uceeeded by Ephraim McDaniel, who con¬ py days were spent within the' old building I flicted the house when the jug law was in and many jovial companions met and whiled rce. Philip Stockman was there iu 185s, H Captain Samuel B. Tate from 1801 to hours avvaV over :i glass of ale or a dram have seen where they sat and made Bedford county's Best. When the Tates- spears on the rock, where spalls or chips yillc mines were running it was the resort of were heaped up. it he miners, and a jolly crowd they were, who The Indians had a path leading from would congregate and entertain the populace Bell’s Gap over Broad Top, starting at the with their songs as they spent their hard- foot of Terrace Mountain near Putt’s earned dollars freely at the bar. If the Mill below Saxton across Terrace and inner history of the old building could be near the old graves spoken of, and con¬ viven it would recall to the minds of many tinuing over Round Top to where John if our readers many pleasant and some sad C. Figard now lives. The spring there ■\\aemories of events which happened in then was known as the Indian watering place. South. The path went through where Figard’s fields are now and crossed Sandy Run near where the corner of your land is, and then to the top of Ray’s Hill sloping ; From, ^r. . down throDgh the upper end of Ground Valley and crossing into Fulton county near Snow’s old house on the public road leading from Well’s Tannery to Hope- * 4/ ' well. When I first knew it, it was quite Date, Q^2rz/^C. . plain, but now it is dim. When I was a boy I packed grain on it on horseback to Putt’s Mill. Yours truly, William Foster. Broad Top must have been quite au IS IE ANCIENT TIME. Indian resort at one time. It was a great place for game and there was an abund¬ An 0 d Indian Village and Grave Yard ance of good water gushing fresh and on Broad Top. ' % cool from mountain springs. It is prob¬ able that the grave yard and village site spoken of by Mr. Foster belonged to HISTORICAL FACTS COLLECTED. Indians who preceded the Shawnees as occupiers of this section. William Foster Writes an interesting The Shawnees abandoned the upper Letter to Judge Hall. The Potomac and Juniata about the year 1728

Judge’s Comments. '■ :.r - and moved to the Ohio and Allegheny rivers. They originally were enemies of

Hopewell, Pa., November 10, 1S95. the Six Nations and were conquered by Hon. Wm. M. Hai,i«: them. They had lived west of the moun¬ Dear Sir:— tains and when subjugated by the Six Yours of recent date is at hand and in Nations moved east, probably about the answer I would say the first time I recol¬ time the Europeans first settled on the Atlantic Coast. Their temporary sojourn lect seeing the old Indian graves in Broad in these parts did not extend over a cen Top, was in the fall of 1828. At that time tury. No mention is made, so far as I there were eight or ten distinct graves or have been able to learn, by the early stone heaps. From time to time they Indian traders of any village on Broad were torn down by relic seekers—I for Top. It is probable that the grave yard and village spoken of by Mr. Foster are | one—but I got nothing. The grave yard quite ancient. A number of pieces of is located on the thousand acre tract slop¬ broken pottery have been found and still ing to the east. About twenty or thirty rods can be found at the site of the village and from the summit of Anderson’s tract is there were, when Mr. Foster was a lad, where the wigwams were situated; that is two piles of spalls where the darts were where the broken pottery and arrow made—perhaps as much as a bushel in heads are found. I have found and have each pile. Mr. Foster also found a piece in my keeping pottery, hatchets, ham of . the flint or agate from which the mers for making darts, spears, etc., and darts were made weighing probably fiv ■-'1

-Uhnds. JNo sued stone exists any when with the greatest care. Among them is ] id that whole region. It must have beei the record of the first assessment made in 1772, showing all of the taxable inhabit¬ brought there from a distance. Fro: ants of the county at the time of its for¬ the spalls it would seem some celebrate* mation. It then embraced the whole arrow head maker lived there and had southwestern portion of the province. manufactory, some man of cunning skill.! George Washington and his brothers, It is diffi cult to understand how th< Samuel Washington and John Washing¬ Indians, with their limited means, could ton, and his nephew, Lund Washington, I chip off the hard flint and make such were land owners in Tyrone township, in perfect arrow and spear heads, some of| the portion of the county which is now which are exceedingly shapely and sharp. Fayette county. The commissioners of Mr. Foster’s account of the hospitality the county met to aojust the second as-1 and neighborly kindness of the early sessment in 1773, in the tavern house of Broad Top settlers is very interesting. George Funk. This house stands on Pitt They cultivated small patches of ground street, in Bedford borough, and is now and did not seek to raise crops beyond owned by Daniel Miller. It was built their own immediate wants. There was as early as 1759 or 1760, which would mak? in fact no market tor any surplus. If - it 136 or 137 years old, and is th« oldest they raised more than they needed they ■ house now standing in Bedford. It has gave it away. They were expert marks¬ been sold by Mr. Miller to James Frazier, men and skilled hunters, and their tables Esq., and is soon to be torn down to were well supplied with deer, turkeys room for a brick residence. It and pheasants, and an occasional bear, ought to be photographed so as to pre¬ and they were a happy people of simple, serve a picture of it. honest lives. The board of commissioners who made I Mr. Joseph Fisher, who is yet older this assessment were James Piper, Charles j than Mr. Foster, also remembers the Cessna and Edward Coombs. The coun¬ Indian gravfes and the piles of spalls. ty assessors who aided them were Wil¬ These old men (Mr. Fisher is eighty- liam Piper, Richard Ling, Evan Shelly, eight and Mr. Foster is seventy-five) are Robert Moore, Toscape Death, alias Her¬ true specimens of well preserved man¬ man Husbands, and Jacob Hendeishut. hood, with minds unimpaired and excel¬ The county was divided into ten districts lent memories, whom it is a pleasure and or townships, viz.: Bedford,Brothers Val¬ a privilege to meet and converse with. ley, Turkey Foot, Cumberland Valley, William M. IIa 1.1.. Colerain, Hopewell, Barree, Air and ^ 11 II ■ ■ I w y w w i Dublin. James Piper was the brother of John Piper, who was the grandfather of /7 the present county commissioner, James Piper, Esq. He was afterwards a soldier From, >JZ A in the Revolutionary war, and was taken prisoner by the British, and died on one of the prison ships in New York harbor. •/ James Frazier, Esq., the purchaser of this property, is the grandson of William Y.£ Date, i Fraser, the first white child born in B.d ford county, who was born in 1759, about the time George Funk erected this house. His father, John Fraser, was a Scotch¬ THE OLE FUNK TAVERN. man, an Indian trader and gunsmith, who first settled at Venango. Subsequent¬ MORE THAN A CENTURY OLD. ly, probably about the year 1852, he built a house and shop near the mouth of Tur¬ rhe Last Relic of One of the Oldest Families tle creek, within a half a mile of the place in Bedford to be Torn Down—Some where Braddock was- defeated in 1755. Ancient Reminiscences. / After Braddock’s defeat he moved to Many of the old records of Bedford Virginia and came to Bedford with are of inestimable historic value; Forbes’ army in 1758. ought to be arranged and preserved Washington and Christopher Gist

I -The <

the Dorsey farm near Bedford. Each of | his housa at Turtle Creek as appears by ■ these houses had' immense triangular Washington’s journal. He was one of j stone chimneys which putthe fire places the justices of the peace appointed when f in the corners. Each chimfcey contained Bedford county was organized, and pre¬ stone enough for a small house. sided as the oldest justice at the first Willtam M. Haul. court held in Bedford, in April, 1771. Bedford, March 11; 1896 George Funk kept tavern in this house for many years. He had six children, three boys and three girls, one of whom married John Reynolds, who , From, ^^ {/TrislAr-L. left one son, James, who died un¬ married. The other children Of George Funk, viz., George, John, Samuel, Het¬ K - .CfS. ty and Civilla, remained unmarried and 3 lived together, three old bachelors and Date, / 6 . 6 two old maids, in this house till their deaths at advanced ages, between the years 1850 and 1868. What tales this old house could tell of An Old Bedford Landmark. ancient Bedford life if it had memory and The Funk tavern, the oldest house in Bedford, in whicli the Commissioners of speech I The Funks were among the the county met to adjust the second leading people of the town, and their assessment in 1773, will soon be torn house was the leading tavern. Mrs. down to make room for a brick resi¬ Funk was Mary Ewalt, the daughter of dence. This house was built in 1759, which would make it one hundred and John Ewalt. Her sister, Anna, married thirty-six years old. The chimney in Jacob Bonnet. Another sister married this house was a three-cornered affair, Joseph S. Morrison. Jacob Bonnet was which puts the fireplace in the corner, sheriff of Bedford county at the time the and-contained stone enough to build a small house. James Frazier, Esq., the Reformed preacher was hanged in 1794 or purchaser of this property, is the grand¬ 1795 or thereabout. A sister of Jacob ■ son of William Frazier, the first white I Bonnet married Robert Spencer, who child born in Bedford County. kept a hotel in Bedford and removed to PittsbUTg In 1804. His daughter mar- ied John I. Scull. They were the par¬ i- <■ < .• -*-• • :• 0V ,« ents of Hon. Edward Scull, of Somerset. From, The building has long been an eye-sore, md a new house will supplant it with ;race and beauty, and yet there is a little ;«vinge of sadness as the venerable fabric lisappears forever—the last relic of the Funk family. There were two other log hotels of ibout the same age in Bedford, Jacob Naugle’s, which stood where the Wash- agton House now stands, and Anthony Naugle’s, which stood a Uttle west of the FORT PIPER BURNED. Funk house. These have disappeared— She Jacob Naugle house many years ago, An Old Revolvtionary Land Mark Suc¬ and the other was torn down by Dr. cumbs to the *Flam Calhoun some ten years since to make room for the house now occupied by J. R. R’tchey. THE CONGRESSIONAL CONFERENCE. I understand from Major John David¬ son that the tradition in bis youth was The Conferrees of Blair, Somerset and that these three buildings were erected by Bedford Organize. The Cambria and the same mechanic and were regarded as Thropp Delegates Refuse to Join. fine specimens of architecture in their day. The same builder erecte' d the log housefsb TneTwo story stone house Known as Bedford County Historical Society, Fort Piper, situated on Piper’s Run, in The following extractr from leU#fg Hopewell township this county, was de¬ statements, we published in ordef to ob. stroyed by fire last Sunday evening. The tain information in regard to the mattert fire was of incendiary origin. The build¬ therein mentioned. ing had been used as a residence for MORRISON’S COVE. nearly one hundred and twenty years and Letter from Thomas Smith and Geo. to the time of the fire was in a remark¬ Woods to President Wharton, dated ably good state of preservation. In 1771 Bedford, Nov., 27, 1777. Colonel John Piper, grandfather to Com¬ “The present situation of this county is missioner James Piper, settled on the so truly deplorable that we should be little stream, since known as Piper’s Run inexcusable if we delayed a moment in In 1777 Colonel Piper, who was Colonel acquainting you with it. An Indian war is of the Colonial forces of Bedford county, raging around us in its utmost fury. erected the building where he died in A small party went out into Morrison’s 1816 and was buried in the cemetery near Cove, scouting, and unfortunately divided, by. the Indians discovered one division, and Prior to 1771 tradition says “that there out of eight killed seven and wounded was a wooden fort at the end of Black the other. In short, a day hardly passes Oak Ridge, near the place where Colonel without hearing of some new murder, Piper located.” During the Revolution¬ and if the people continue only a week ary period, frequent raids were made by longer, to fly, as they have done for a hostile Indians and the settlers took ref¬ week past, Cumberland county will be a uge in the stone house, and from this frontier. From Morrison’s Cove, Croyle’s cause the building was ever afterward and Friend’s Cove, Dunning’s Creek and known os Fort Piper. During one of one half the Glades, they are either fled these Indian raids one of Colonel Piper’s or forted and for all the defense that can employes was shot and scalped, while be made here, the Indians may do almost fishing in Yellow Creek, about two and what they please. (6 C. R. 39 ) one half miles from the fort. During the We desire information as to the local¬ Revolutionary war and the Indian incur¬ ity at which the above mentioned mas¬ sions a number of councils were held in sacre took place. the stone house by some of the military In the history of the Juniata Valley, by notables of the time. Four generations Jones, p. 209, it is stated “that thirty of the Pipers made this house their home. i Dunkards were massacred in forty-eight While it was the refuge of the early set¬ hours.” in Morrison’s Cove. No names tlers during Indian raids, later, Gover¬ or time or place are given. nors, Judges of the courts and Congress¬ We desire information on this subject. men, have partaken of the hospitality of In 16 C. R. p. 45, April 1, 1789, the the Pipers within ita walls. In the days council of Pennsylvania approved the fol¬ of horseback riding, with saddle bag at¬ lowing bill: “Of John Mortimore tachment, all ministers of the Gospel against the Commonwealth for 10 pounds, were freely entertained and no questions 14 shillings and 4 wence, amount of his asked as to creed or denomination. account for provisions furnished to a party of militia, stationed in 1778 and 1779 in Morrison’s Cove, Bedford county,

- for defense of the frontiers of said county.” We desire information as to the local¬ ity where these troops were stationed. From,.... PROVIDENCE TOWNSHIP. Letter from Bernard Doughtery to -fir**f >. hi President Moore August 19, 1782. I “ I beg to lay before your excellency and the Honorable Council, the present Date, ^ C\s{AAj A 'H} situation of the County of Bedford. On the 8th of this inst were found killed and aware Indians—The Causes Which scalped about 18 miles on this side (east) Led to the Contest. of the town of Bedford, and within half Ray’s Cove is one of the many little mile of the great road, one, Peck, his canoe-shaped valleys which nestle in wife and two children. His house was great luxuriance, beauty and loveliness burned, and another who liyed there is within the foils of the vast Appalachian missing and thought to be taken away; chain of mountains, It is encircled by the enemy penetrating so far into the Ray’s Hill and Harbor mountain. very heart of the country has struck a Over one hundred and|forty years ago a general panic, and the people are mostly bloody and Btubbornly (contested battle fled. * * * was fought in this little cove, between the There are several stations occupied provincial troops and the Delaware In¬ at present in the county of Bedford by dians. The scene of conflict is about the Bedford Pennsylvania company of eighteen miles east of Bedford and about Rangers and the Bedford County Militia, two and a half miles from the Juniata to wit: Fraukstow Heads of Dunnings river. Creek, Fort Piper, the town and environs The several accounts of this battle, pre¬ of Bedford, apd along the river Juniata, served in the state records, describe it aB and some other in considerable small “the battle of ,” or “the bat¬ parties at other stations, in all about one tle over Ray’s Hill beyond Sideling Hill, ’’ hundred and fifty or one hundred and or “the battle over Ray’s Hill and near sixty men.—(v9 P. A. p 619 ) Sideling Hill.” At that farly day there We desire information as to the Chris¬ was a very Imperfect knowledge of the tian name of Mr. Peck and the exact ‘ Hill country,” between the Great, or di locality of the massacre. McConnell’s, Cove and Riystown, now < Dr. W. J. Dodge says : “That the tra¬ Bedford, It was then generally spoken of dition in Rays Cove is that it took place as Sideling Hill. Even the event from near Tub mill run on the farm now which Bloody Run derived its name is Richard Foor about 16 miles east owned by mentioned as having occurred at Sideling of Bedrord. Hill. The battle should be properly DUNNINGS CREEK. called the “Battle of Ray’s Cove.” We also desire information in regard to Before proceeding further in this narra¬ the locality of the Fort at the head of tive it is proper to state, very briefly, the Dennings Creek. J. W. Dingenfelter causes which led to this engagement. says “ that tradition located it at THE INDIANS. Cessna station in or near the old Wise- When William Penn arrived in Penn¬ garver mansion. Any information in regard to these mat¬ sylvania the confederacy of the Six Ni-' ters will be thankfully received tions of Indians claimed the entire ter¬ William P. Schell. ritory between the lakes >n the north,and Bedford, Pa , Dec. 25, 1896. the , and their claim was recognized by the proprietaries. Before this period the “cowardly Del- iawares,” who formerly lived in New Jersey, were subdued by the Six Nations. The “treacherous Shawnese” came from Florida, in 1698, where by their associa tion with the Spaniards, they became im. bued with all their cruelty and treachery. They were permitted to settle in the province, on the security of the Cones¬ toga Indians, for their good behavior. The Six Nations gave these two tribes the Juniata region for their hunting ground. BATTLE OF BAY’S COVE. Comparative peace and concord existed between the whites and the Indians for A BLOODY ENGAGEMENT! upwards of seventy years. THE FRENCH. Between the Provincial Tnops and the Del- i In the year 1758 the French took pos

I meg ing driven them from their homes. session of the fortes of tbe Ohi^iver, an Governor Morris, in his message to the set up a claim, by right of discovery, to assembly in 1755, says, “this province, the entire territory covered by that river while having no militia, is thereby left ex¬ and its tributaries, including all that part posed to the cruel incursions of the of Pennsylvania west of the “Allegheny French and barbarous Indians, who de¬ Hill." This claim was resisted both by light in shedding human blood and make England and by the colonies. no distinction as to age or sex. The In 1754 a treaty was made with the Tn- people west of the Susquehanna, dis¬ [dians at Albany, by which they sold to tressed by the frequent incursions of the i the proprietaries nearly the whole west- enemy and weakened by their great ern part of the province. When they, losses, are moving into the interior parts 1 subsequently, realized the vast extent of of the province, and I am fearful the I the territory slid they became greatly whole country will be evacuated,if timely ! dissatisfied and declared that they had no and vigorous measures are not taken to homes. (Appendix Note 1.) The French prevent it." ! took advantage of this dissatisfaction to The Delaware and Shawnese,tribes ap¬ foment hostility to the colonists, and pear to have been greatly embittered promised the Indians to give tbeir lands against the settlers on the Juniata and the Pack again. By persistent effort tbe Conecocheague. Their frequent incur¬ French succeeded in alienating these two sions and cruel depredations caused the tribes from their allegiance to the pro¬ settlers to make numerous appeals to the vincial government,and consequently, the governor for arms and for protection. It greater number of them left the province appears from a statement of the governor and settled in the . A por¬ to he assembly, on the 27th of August, tion of them, however, under King 1755, “that Shingas and Captain Jacobs, 18hingas (Note 2) and Captain Jacobs tne two heads of the enemy, lived at Kit¬ (Note 3;, settled at the Indian village of tanning,a town about twenty miles above Kittanning, on the Allegheny river. In Fort Duquesne, and that from thence tbe the course of this article it will be shown Indians were fitted out for their incur¬ how these tribes sent out predatory bands sions in this and neighboring provinces, to despoil the settlements of the whites. and their prisoners and plunder were ; Asa consequence, the Indians joined the carried there.” | French in their attack on Fort Necessity This statement is sustained by the mas¬ I in 1754, when Colonel Washington was sacre in the Big Cove and the Tonoloway compelled to capitulate; and also in the on the 2nd of November, 1755, “when I battle near the Monongahela, in which over 100 Indians, led by them, killed and General Braddock was defeated in July, carried away 47 families out ol 93, and the 1755. rest fled.” (Note 4) Also by the many THE FKENCH—INDIAN WAR. depredations committed by them in Path Immediately thereafter the Indians and Valley, near McDowell’s fort, and in the i their allies pushed their hostile inc^r- Conecocheague settlement. (Notes 5 and 'sionsinto the interior of the^ .fifties of 6) Judge Chambers says,that at this time York, Cumberland, Lancaster, Berks and —1755—the Conecocheague settlement (Northampton. The soil of these count/ s composed nearly the whole of the county was drenched with the blood of the set¬ ot Franklin). In fact, during the years tlers; men, women and children were 1755 and 1756, the Indians overran the en¬ alike mercilessly killed and scalped and tire frontier from the Delaware river to many of them were carried away into the Potomac; and it was unsafe either to [captivity. Their farms and crops weie This statement is sustained by tne mas- I destroyed, their houses and barns burned cultivate the soil or to harvest the crops, ^ [and their horses and cattle slaughtered. without au armed force for protection. So ' In fact, the cruel and inhuman warfare rapid were the movements of these savage of these savages cannot be described. marauders that it was impossible to follow 'They spread consternation and terror them. This war raged tor nearly nine [throughout the entire province. In the years. |fallofl755 there were not, exclusive of THK FORTS. jthe provincial forces, one hundred men ! west of the Susquehanna river—fear hav. esafrcquent aDd cruel incursions, at completed in fhe fall of 1755, and that length, moved the provincial government soon thereafter the affrighted inhabitants to build a cordon of forts along the west Bought a refuge within its walls from the side of the Kittatinny mountain. On the ® relentless fury of the savages. Doubt¬ 29th of January, 1756, Governor Morris less many alarmed and anxious mothers, announced that four forts had been com¬ on entering the fort, clasped their prat- pleted, to wit: Pomfret .Castle, Gran- tling babes to their breasts and thanked ville, Shirley and Lyttleton. (Note 7). God, that now. they were safe “until these It also appears that the settlers in P.»th calamities be overpast.” Vain hope ! Valley, Lurgan township, and Coneco- Cruel delusion 1 This feeling of security cheague, had bui't three private forts lor was soon to be horribly dispelled. On their own protection. McCord's fort was the 2nd day of April, 1756, when all na¬ built along the western base of Kittatinny ture was aglow with the radiance of the mountain in 1755, a few miles north of vernal sun, and vocal with the songs of Parnell’s Knob. (Note 8). Culbertson’s the migratory birds, these hopeful ref¬ fort was built ?a 1755, in Lurgan town" ugees, resting in fancied security, were ship, on the eact side of the KHtatmny startled by the fiendish and unearthly mountain. (Note 9). McDowell’s fort yells of the savages, led on by Shingas was built in 1753, at McDowell’s mill, a and Jacobs, as they approached, with few miles south of the present town of glittering knife and blazing torch, aid Loudon (Note 10), The Rev. John surrounded the fort The garrison wac Steel surrounded the White church by a commanded to surrender, and refused. rude stockade fort in 1755. It was about They made an heroic and determined de¬ three miles east of Mercersburg. (Note fense. The torch was applied to the 11). These several forts were placed wooden structure, and the fort was soon under the care of certain companies of enwrapped in the insatiate fiimes. the 2nd battalion of the Pennsylvania Further resistance was futile. It msv be regiment, Col. John Armstrong, com-! that the thought flitted through the minds manding. Captain Hance Hamilton,who j | of these brave men, that the savages was commissioned on the 16:h of Jan- | might be more merciful than the devour uary, 1756, was stationed at Fort Lyttleton ing flames. The fort was taken -rid with 75 men. (Note 12). burned to the ground. The captives, Captain Hugh Mercer, comm'ssioned twenty-seven in number, were mostly on the 6th of March, 1756, was stationed at tortured with the remorseless tomahawk Fort Shirley, where George Croghan had and the vengeful scalping knife. The re¬ built a fort the year before, CaptaiD mainder were carried to Kittanniog into Alexander Culbertson, who had raised a captivity. company of the citizens of Lurgan town¬ Among these captives were Mrs. John ship, on the 1st of August, 1755, was McCord, Martha Thorn and J mes stationed somewhere in that township; Blair. From the statement; of Robert and very likely at his own house. Captain Robinson, of the Tutcarora se1 clement, Hamilton says, in his letter of the 4th of the captives Were brutally treated. Be April, 1756, he “came to the fort of Cap¬ says: “In the year 1756 aj party of In¬ tain Alex. Culbertson with 30 men, who dians came out ot the Couecocheague to a informed us th»t the Indians had taken garrison named McCord’s fort, where and burnt McCord’s fort,” It is plain they killed some and took a number of that the two forts were not far apart. prisoners. They then took their course (Note 13). near to Fort Lyttleton. Captain Hance Rev. John Steel, commissioned on the Hamilton, being stationed there with a 25 th of March, 1756, was ordered to Fort company and hearing of their route at McDowell. He had previously held Fort McCord’s foft, marched with his com¬ Steel. (Note 14). pany, havint an Indian with him who

THE CAPTURE OP M’CORD’s PORT. was under flay. The Indians had Mc¬ Cord’s wife ^iih them; they cutofl James As Adam Hoopes states in a letter Blair’s head and threw it into Mrs. Mc¬ dated the 1st of November, 1755, “that Cord’s lap, saying it was her husband’s the settlers of Path Valley were safe in head; but she knew it to be Blair’s head.” the fort,” it is fair to assume that this (Note 15). Who can imagine the joy, fort was McCord’s fort, and that it was and the relief of mind of Mrs. McCord, about fifty-one men, wore on Ff when, on the 6th of September^ trail of the retreating Indians before they I 6 about six months after her capture, Co!, had gone far beyond Tuscarora mountain. g John Armstrong, with his troops, at- . ■ At this period there was an old Indian J tacked the village of Kittanning, defeated S trail cr path (.from which Path Valley the Indians, destroyed their houses and I derived its name) leading from Harris’ recaptured “Ann McCord, wifeofJohD ! ’ ferry to the Ohio. There was also a McCord, taken at McCord’s fort, and wagon road leading from Shippensburg Martha Thorn, about seven years old, to ah intersection with the Washington taken at the same time,” and other cap¬ road, from Fort Cumberland to the Ohio tives. After the destruction of the fort —which was built in 1755 by the provin¬ the Indians fled with the captives over cial government, under Colonel Burd, the mountains towards Kittanning vil¬ lage. for the purpose of transporting supplies, &c , to General Braddock’s army at Fort Captain Hsnce Hamilton, in his letter Cumberland. These two roads were t of the 4th of April, 1766, referring to the nearly parallel with each other, and in t capture of McCord’s fort, says, that it close proximity in many places, and for took place on the 2nd of April, and that I he “came to the _i some distance in Ray’s Cove. Near the ] ander Culbertson, with 30 men, who in¬ place of the battle there was a branch formed us that *he Indians had taken and trail which led through Morrison’s Cove burned McCord’s fort, and taken awav to Fr&nkstown and Kittanning. It is many captiyes.” As Culbertson’s fort evident that the Indians, in their retreat, was in Lurgan township, and as Judge were divided into two bands, one under ' John Stewart, of Chambersburg, informs Shin gas and the other under Captain | us, that in 1755, the township embraced Jacobs. Robert Robinsou in his narra¬ the whole width of the valley from the tive says that they passed within sight of top of the Kittatinny mountain to the top Fort Lyttleton, but, unfortunately, at i|ftf South mountain; and as Captain Cul- that time Captain Hamilton, with a large 1 berteon knew of the capture of McCord’s part of his company, was in Gonecockeague a few hours after the event, it is fair to scouting for them, and thus miesed assume that it was on the east side of the them. In their flight they crept along the Kittatinny mountain, while McCord’s fort old Indian path through the forest in was on the west side. There is no evi¬ order to avoid pursuit and detection dence that there were any soldiers in Me While Captain Culbertson, in his anxiety Cord’s fort, and it is very probable that it to overtake the Indians and rescue the was garrisoned by the settlers alone. It captives, folio -ed the open wagon road. will be remembered that Capt&m Harail After crossing Tuscarora mountain, Side¬ ton was stationed at Fort Lytleton, about ling Hill, Ray's Hid and descending into seven miles northwest of McCord’s fort, Ray’s Cove and passing over two low with the Tuscarora mountain between hills which traverse it, he came into a them. As the savages were prowling broad ravine, with an embouchure; or over the whole settlement, Captain Ham¬ opening, towards the Juniata river. ilton was evidently looking for them. Here the Indians were overtaken. The He had not heard of the c pture of the field of battle was then a virgin wilder¬ fort until the next day, the 3rd of April, ness. Since thea two farms have been when he met Captain Cu’bertson. It opened out on the land. Samuel Grove was then that these two brave men. in formerly lived on one of them and Wil¬ i the interest of humanity, determined to liam Schafer now lives on the other. pursue the savages and rescue the cap The Indians having discovered that Cap- Stives. Their forces, with so^e of the ; tain Culbertson’s forces had overtaken settlers, were divided into three parties, them, formed an ambuscade and conceal¬ and they all started forthwith in pursuit ed themselves in the thick woods on both a retreating Indians. The third sides of the road. This band of savages party, consisting of nineteen meD, de¬ was under the command of Captain tailed by Captain Hamilton from his Jacobs, and as the other band under company under the command of Ensign I Shingas was at some distance, it is very Jamison, and Captain Culbertson, with i certain that a messenger was sent to him thirty-one of his men, with Dr. Jamison, with the information that the whites had e '•geon. of Captain Mercer’s company— I overtaken them, it ia appirenUhatCap^ apiece and when their ammunition tain Culbertson was not aware of his they were obliged to fly.” (Note 17;. proximity to the Indians until he came A letter dated at Shippensburg the 12th into the ambuscade. The Indians reserved of April, 1766, contains the following list their fire, and according to an eye wit¬ of the killed and wounded: Killed of the ness, Benjamin Blyth.who was wounded company under command of Captain in the engagement, “our men gave the Culbertson, Alexander Culbertson, Cap¬ first Are, but without any success, that tain; John Reynolds, ensign of Captain then the Indians ran from their fire Chambers’ company; William Kerr, place, with their arms and ammunition, James Blair, John Layson, William Den¬ and in less than ten minutes our men ny, Francis Scott, William Boyd, Jacob found themselves surrounded, which Paynter, Jacob Jones, Robert Kerr and [they did not discover before the Indians William Chambers. Wounded: Abra¬ fired upon them; that notwithstanding ham Jones, Francis Campbell, William our men were so exoosed to the enemy’s Reynolds. John Barnet, Benjamin Blyth, fire, and dropping now and then, they John McDonald and Isaac Miller. Kill¬ fought about two and a half hours by ed of Captain Hamilton’s men under the his watch, and then perceiving reinforce command of Ensign Jamison: Daniel Mc¬ ments from Shingas’ party, they unani¬ Coy, James Robinson, James Peace, John mously agreed to endeavor to break the Blair, Henry Jones. John McCarty and enemy’s circle (as he called it) in order to John Kelly. (This is a mistake, John Kelly make their retreat, in which they luckily was killed at Kittanning on September succeeded. He says they killed but three 17, ’56). Wounded, Ensign Jamison, of the Indians, to the best ofhisknowl James Robinson, William Hunter, Mat¬ edge, and he doubts whether Captain thias Ganshorn, William Swailes and Jacobs was one of them; he rather thinks James Lowder—(since dead), (Note 17; the man taken to be Jacobs was a great The opposing forces engaged in this warrior in his company.” # * He says, bloody contest were few in number: about "when they broke the circle, three stout * fifty whites and over one hundred la- | Indians who had just discharged their dians. Tbe Indians had the advantage y pieces rose off the ground behind a thicket of being concealed ia the dense forest; $ of grubs and ran off, and that he drew while the whites were openly exposed. The his trg'er at them but his gun only Indians were armed by the French with j burnt priming. The Indians used rifled rifled guns, which carried balls a great ; guns and the whites smooth-bored guns.” distance with great precision; while the | (Note 16), Another account, by Cap¬ whites were armed with inferior smooth | tain Hance Hamilton, who was notin bored guns, which neither carried ba’ls the battle, but who derived his informa any great distance nor with any precision. lion from his meu who were engaged in Besides the Indians were led by two of it, is as follows: their ablest, bravest and moat wily chiefs: “A party of men, under the com while the whites lost their leader early in mand of Captain Alexander Culbertson, the engagement. Notwithstanding these and nineteen of our men, the whole great disadvantages, these brave men amounting to about fifty men, who came kept up the fight for over two aud a half upon the Indians, with the captives, and hours, many of them having fired over had a sore engagement, many of both twenty-four rounds, and ouly when their parties killed and many wounded, the ammunition was exhausted and 21 of number unknown. * * * We have sent their men, including Dr. Jamison, were an express to Port Shirley for Dr. Mer¬ killed, and twelve more wounded; and cer, supposing Dr. Jamison killed or mor¬ when the Indians were reinforced by tally wounded ia the expedition. Cap. Shingas with upwards of thirty Indians, tain Cuibertson and Dr. Jamison are sup¬ id they despair of success. posed to be killed. Indian Isaac brought Instead of surrendering to their savige in the scalp of Captain Jacobs. * * * foes they coolly, resolutely and unani¬ Our men were engaged about two hours mously resolved to break through the * * we should have had the better had not ambuscade and retreat. They made a . rtv Indiana come to their assistance bold advance and the Indians, after dis¬ 8, me of our men fired twenty-four rounds charging their guns, fled; and the eighteen brave men retreated in good order, taking their wounded with them; otherwise they .U1UI

would nave been killed and scalped. ning. in July, 1756, he was present at They also returned, and with the as-1 the capture and burning of Fort Gran¬ | s'stance of some other troops, carried ville. In 1758 he met Rev. Frederick Jaway their dead comrades to the sad Post, who was sent out by General _ homes, which only a short time before Forbes on a mission of peace, near the they left, filled with patriotic ardor to de-1 Allegheny river. (8 C. R , 690). fend their country and inspired with a Note 3. “Captain Jacobs was daunt¬ humane purpose to rescue the captives less and reckless. When Colonel Arm¬ and punish the savages for their cruel¬ strong routed the Indians at Kittanning, ties (Note 18). in September, 1756, Captain Jacobs, with As an evidence of the bravery and cool¬ some warriors, took possession of his ness of the men in this engagement, we house, defended themselves for sometime ( note this incident: While the battle was and killed a number of men. As Jacobs 1 raging and the Indians were incessantly could speak English, our people called firing from their ambuscade, Sergeant on him to surrender. He said that he Falconer and Corporal James Wilson and his men were warriors, and they stood over and covered Indian Isaac, would all fight while life remained. He while he was scalping the Indian chief was again told that they should be well supposed to be Captain Jacobs. used If they would surrender; and if not Nowhere in American history can the house should be burnt down over there be found an exhibition of greater their heads. Jacobs replied ha could eat valor, more indomitable courage, or more fire. John Ferguson, a soldier, set fire heroic resolution 1 The memory of these to the house, and when the house was in brave men should be preserved. The dimes the captain and all with him cafne commonwealth should erect a tablet on out in a fighting position; his squaw the battle-field to commemorate their gal¬ wielded a tomahawk a few minutes before lant deeds. They were mostly Scotch- she fell—they were all killed that came Irish; they were representatives of the out of the house.” t353 2d P. A., 767, families of 1756 in the counties of Cum¬ &c). Indian Isaac claimed that he had berland and York. The representatives killed and scalped Captain Jacobs at the in the legislature from the counties of battle of Sideling Hill on the 3rd of April, j Adams, Bedford, Cumberland, Dauphin, 1756, but he was mistaken, for he was i Franklin, Fulton and York should se- present at the capture of l cure an appropriation for that purpose, in July, 1756, and at the battle of Kutali¬ appendix. ning on September, 1756. Colonel Bo- Note 1. Through the intervention of quet met Captain Jacobs, a cousin of the the British government (by the treaty at above mentioned Captain Jacobs, at j Easton in 1758) all the territory west of Camp Tascaroras, Oaio, on the 14th ! the Allegheny mountain was released to of October, 1764 (IX C. R , 12). .the Indians. Note4. Big Cove, 6 C R. 669. &c.- Note 2, King Shingas, as he was call- 2 P. A., 462. 474 Conecochoagus, &c. jed by the whites, but whose proper name Note 5. 2 P. A., 239, 46,2, 449, &c. "•;as Shiogask, meaning, bogmeadow was I To the Govebnoh, &c.Tne humble the g’-e-Aest Delaware warrior at that | oetition of the suoscnbing inhabitants of (time. Heck welder, who knew him per- f Lurgan township, in Cumberland county sonally, says, “were his exploits all on | amicably unite as a company under the record, they would form au interesting good care of and command of Alexander document, though a shocking one. Con- ' Culbertson, sheweth: That inasmuch ecocheague, Big Coye, Sherman’s Valley as we dwell upon the frontiers, our case and other settlements along the frontier at present is lamentably dangerous, we felt his strong arm sufficiently that he being in such peril of being inhumanly was a bloody warrior. Cruel his treat¬ butchered by our savage neighbors, who*e ment, relentless his fury. His person J leader mercies are cruelty, and if they was small, but in point of courage and j should come upon us -no v, we are nakai activity, savage prowess, he was said to I and defenseless, being in a measure des- have never been exceeded by any one ” ^ titute of arms and ammunition.” 1st In 1758 he lived on the Ohio near Fort J August, 1755. (i C. R , Duquesne. In 1755 he lived at Kittan¬ Widow Cox, who made hia escape from Klttan. command of Fort Lyttleton (6 C. R niag, gave the following information to with 75 men. In September, 1756 ha the provincial council 6.h of September, accompanied Col John Armstrong ia the 1756. “That himself, hia brother Rich¬ captu’e and destruction of the Indian vil¬ ard and John Craig, in the beginning of lage of K't aaning (2 P. A , 774). ln February last (1756; were taken by nine 1757 he led a scouting party from Carlisle j Delaware Indians from a plantation two to Raystown, now Bedford. Note 13 miles from McDowell’s mill and carried Capt. Culbertson, 6 C. R., 533. Note 14 ' to the Kittanning town on the Ohio; that ‘Capt. John Steel, 2 P. A., G01—623.' on his way thither he met Shingas, with Note 15. Robinson’s statement. Forts a party of thirty men, and afterwards of Pa. Vol. 1, 544. with Captain Jacobs a&d fifteen, who Note 16. Letters of Edward Shippen were going on a design to destroy the and Capt. Hance Hamilton. settlements in Conecochsague; that KDWAliD SHIPPEN TO GOV. MORRIS, 24 when he arrived at Kittanning he saw apjrii,, 1756. there about one hundred and fifty fighting ‘ Mr. Benjamin Blyth, living near men of the Delaware tribe, with their Shippensburg, who was also in the battle, families, about fifty English prisoners, says, our men gave the first fire, but consisting of men, women and children; without any success, that then the In¬ that during his stay there Shingas’ and dians ran from their fire place, with their Jacob’s parties returned. The one with arms and ammunition, and in less than nine scalps and ten prisoners, and the ten minutes our men found themselves other with several scalps and fiye prison¬ surrounded, which they did not discover ers; and that another company of eighteen before the Indians fired upon them, that came from Diahago with seventeen scalps j notwithstanding our men were so ex¬ fixed upon a pole, and carried them to posed to the enemy’s fire, dropping Fort Duquesne to obtain their reward; every now and then, they fought about that the warriors held a council, which,’ two hours and a half by his watch, and with their war dances, continued a weeki then perceiving a re inforcement from after which Captain Jacobs went ofl with Shingas party, they unanimously agreed a party of forty-eight meu, intendiig (as to endeavor to break the enemy’s circle be was told) to fall upon the inhabitants (as he called it) in order to make retreat, of Paxton; that the Indians frequently in which they luckily succeeded; he says said they resolved to kill off all the white they killed but three of the Indians, to folks except a few, with whom they the best of his knowledge, and that he would afterwards make peace.” f q doubts whether Captain Jacobs was one 242—2 P. A., 575. It is very likely that i of them; he rather thinks the man taken it was on one or the other of the above to be Jacobs was a great warrior in h>s mentioned expeditions, that Shingas and company. This Blyth is an intelligent, Captain Jacobs destroyed Fort McCord. sensible man and of good reputation, he Note 7. Forts 2 P. A., 556. had the misfortune to ba shot through N^te8 McCord’s Forts Forts of Penn¬ the arm; he says, that where they broke sylvania. the circle three stout Indians, who had Yol. 1, 542. j ust discharged their pieces, rose off the Note 9. Culbertson’s Fort. 2 P A 611. ' " ground from behind a thicket of grubs, I® and ran off, that he drew his trigger at Note 10. McDowell’s Fort 2 P A them, but his gun only burnt priming. The 575-7 C. R., 231, dm. ' ' ” Indians make use of riflad guns for the Note 11. Steel’s Fort. Forts of Penn¬ most part, and there is jsuch a difference sylvania. Yol.l, 550. between these sort of guns and smooth Note 12. Captain Hance Hamilton heed that if I was ia an engagement was born in York county, and was sher¬ with the savages, I Would rather stand iff thereof from 1749 to 1751. In March my chance with one |>f the former sort 1755, he marched from York to Carlisle’ ** thaa with a smooth bored gun;** with a company of sixty men, and soon for at 150 yards distance, with the one, I thereafter he marched to McDowell’s can put a ball within sJ foot or sir inches fort He was commissioned on the 16sh of the mark, whereas With the other I can of January, 1756, and was placed fo seldom or ever hit thi board of two feet wide and six feet lof> g. I cannot say I

» 9. 7k Prentiss to Carlisle, we imagining that that I have bean pleased with the sight Dr. Mercer cannot leave the fort under of any of the guns * * for the service the circumstances that fort is under. of the province.” (2 P. A , 642.) Lat¬ Our Indian Isaac has brought in Captain ter of Captain Hance Hamilton endorsed Jacob’s scalp. Sir, please .-exert your¬ Fort Lyttleton, 4th of April, 1756. self in this affair. •‘These are to inform you of the melan¬ Hance Hamilton, choly news that occurred on the 2nd inst., (C. R„ Vol, 7, p 77.) come to the fort Capt. Alexander Cul¬ bertson, with 30 men, who informed.us CERTIFICATE OP INDIAN ISAAC. that the Indians had taken and burnt Mc¬ I, Indian Isiac, do hereby cerlity that Cord’s fort, and taken many captives, Sergeant Falconer was with us in the upon the news of which Dr. Jamison, battle fought at Sideling Hill, in April, with nineteen men, went in company 1756, between a party of Captain Hance with Capt. Jamison’s men over Ray’s Hamilton’s men, in company with some and near Sideling Hill, and come up with of the militia and the Indians; and that the Indians and captives, and a sad en¬ the said Falconer was one of the men that gagement happened; there is,only five of covered me while I scalped the Indian, our men returned, and mostly wounded. and James Wilson, corporal, was the Capt. Culbertson and Dr. Jamison are other. thought to be killed, having received sev¬ Witness my hand the 31st day of Oc- eral wounds. I have sent a letter to tober, 1757. his Capt. Potter, desiring him to come and Indian X Isaac, assist us to bury the dead, and forward Test: mark Wm, Baker, an express for Dr. Prentiss. (Here fol¬ Robert McPherson. lows a partial list of the killed and (3 P. A., 315;. wounded). And many others are not On the 10 h of April, 1756, Governor returned. Indian Isaac hath brought in Morris authorized Captain Elisha Salter the scalp of Capt. Jacobs, and we are to go to Fort Lyttleton and ascertain the informed the Indians swear they will proof in regard to the killing and scalp¬ take our fort (meaning Lyttleton) if_tbey ing of Captain Jacobs. (2 P.A.,622). lose 100 men. Our men engaged about Captain Jacobs was killed later, on the two hours, being about 36 in number, and 6th of September, 1756, at Kittanning. we,should have had the better had not Note 17. List of killed and wou nded thirty Indians come to their assistance. Rupp’s History Bedford county, 104, Some of our men fired 24 rounds apiece, Also an incomplete list may be found in and when their ammunition failed were 7. C. A., 77, and2 P. A,, new series, 540. obliged to fly.” (2 P. A., 611). Note 18. Captain Joseph Fisher, now Hance Hamilton to Captain Potter. living in Bedford, aged 90, says that he Fort Lyttleton, April 9, 1756. w*s on the battle-field about seventy ‘‘Sir:-—These come to inform you of the years ago; that it was near the old Indian melaacholynews of what occurred be¬ trail in Ray’s Cove, over two miles from tween the iBSRins, that have taken many ••1 \ • ■ >■> S' -y ; • the foot of Ray’s Hill, and that^then it captives from McCord’s fort, and a- party was all covered with a heavy growth of of men. under the command' of Captain timber. He says that Henry Hoover Alexander Culbertson, and nineteen of found several shotgun barrels and an.old our men, the whole amounting to about sword there; and that the tradition was fitly, who Citne upon the Indians with that none of the bodies of the killed were the captives, and had a sore engagement, buried_there—but were all taken a way, fat many of both parties killed and many the time—there were no marks of any wounded, the number unknown; those graves visible. Richard T Foor also wounded want a surgeon and those kill¬ says that old William Gray,now deceased, ed require your assistance as soon as pos¬ also had a gun barrel and a sword, and sible to bury them. We have sent an many Indians spears which were found express to Fort Shirley for Dr. Mercer, there. William P, Schell. supposing Dr. Jamison is killed or mor¬ Bedford, February 8, 1897, tally wounded in the expedition, he being not returned; tnerafore desire you will sond an express immediately for Dr. 101 f M P M were nearly all accustomed to the firearms. The armies in Virginia hav met with disaster, they made a patriot! From, (response to the call of President Lincoln for volunteers to stem the rebel tide then flow¬ ing North and which threatened to engulf .fit..... the City of Washington. On completing the organization and equipment at Harris¬ Datefi^* b '?. ' burg the Regiment was hurried forward to Washington, where they reported to Gen¬ eral Casey, who at once ordered them to Arlington Heights, Virginia, where the THE 133" PEN.VSVI,VANIA. regiment was brigaded with the 123rd, 131st A and 155th Pennsylvania Regiments. Col. P. H. Allabach, of the 131st, was placed in Masfy Sketch of the Record of the Regi¬ command of the Brigade. ment Whose Survivors are With On the night of the 30th of August, 1802, Us To-day. the Regiment was moved to the front, where they did their first picket duty. The army THEY FOUGHT LIKE BRAVE HEX. of General Pope was at this time falling back on Washington from Bull Run. It | j The 133d Pennsylvania Volunteer Iufau- was on this occasion that Major Schroch I : try was organized at Camp Curtin, Harris- came near losing his life. E. J. Riley, of j i burH, Pa- The companies assembled at Company Iv, mistook him for one of the ! camp from the first to the tenth of August, enemy in the darkness, and bursted a cap 1862. Companies A and B were from Johns¬ at him at a distance of ten feet. For the town and vicinity, F from Ebensburg, Cam¬ next two weeks they were engaged in picket bria county, G, H and I from Perry county, duty and in throwing up intrenchments. C and K from Bedford county, and D and E On the 12th of September they moved to from Somerset county. Washington with the Brigade, which was | On the 21st of August the following field thereafter known as the Second Brigade, officers were commissioned Franklin B. Third Division, Fifth Army Corps, or Hum¬ Speakman, Colonel ; Ahraham Copelin, of phreys’ Division. Johnstown, Lieutenant Colonel ; Edward There they exchanged their new but de¬ M. Schrock, ol Somerset county, Major ; fective Austrian rides for Springfield musk¬ James C. Noon, of Ebensburg, was ap¬ ets which used ball and buckshot and is pointed Adjutant, John Castuer, of Bedfordf tprribly destructive at short range. The county, was appointed Quartermaster,David Regiment afterwards gave the rebel brigad Ih Kennedy, ot Perry county, surgeon of of Kershaw and Cobb a practical demon [(the regiment, and A. J. Hartsock, of Johns¬ stration of that fact at Fredericksburg. I town, was appointed Chaplain. gives their survivors the nightmare yet to The Regiment consisted of ten full com¬ think about it. On the 4th the Regiment panies, which gave it a strength of oue took up the line of march to meet in Mary¬ thousand men. The companies were com- land the army of Lee, which was threaten¬ mauded as foliows :— ing the borders of Pennsylvania. On the Company A, Captain John Downey. morning of the 18th they arrived on the Company B, Captain Charles Butland. battlefield of Autietam and at once formed Company C, Captain Alexander Bobb. in line of battle and awaited a renewal of Company D, Captain Amos Schrock. the battle of the previous day. Company E, Captain George F. Baer. On the following morning the enemy hav¬ Company F, Captain John M. Jones. ing stolen away without attempting tf Company G, Captain William H.Schibley. seriously contest the ground further, the Company H, Captain David L. Tressler. Regiment moved forward over the field Company i, Captain Albert B. Demaree. covered with the dead and wounded of both Company K, Captain Samuel B. Tate. armies and went into camp nearSharpsburg, The Regiment was made up of men from on the Shepardstown road. It remained almost every avocation in life, and being ! here until near the close of October, whet from the mountain regious in Pennsylvania the army moved once more into Virgin VMM-* io/j tr> paaieal the Fr«iepl^>urg campaign was iu icks!) nrg, w ere they remained until Tues¬ augursited under Burnside. For nearly a day mornind having been treated to a lively ^Unl * — xirontTiuntil t.rece«Jing the battle of Fredericks¬ bombardmei t ..from the rebel batteries on J burg the Regiment was in camp near Fal¬ Marye’s bill When darkness set in on Mon¬ mouth, constantly engaged in drill'and day night tie retreat of the army across the preparations for a decisive engagement. river conviu meed. The 133rd was among Between two and three o’clock on Saturday, the last regiment to cross, reaching the the 13th of December, the Regiment, with North side (if the river just before daylight . the other regiments of the brigade, was on Tuesday morning. They went direct to ordered across the river. The crossing was their old camp, a wreck of the fine organi¬ successfully accomplished under a heavy zation that had left there a few days before, artillery fire from the enemy’s batteries. having lost one third of the men engaged 1 The Brigade advanced through Fredericks¬ on that fatal day. They remained iu Camp burg, crossed the canal just outside ot the Humphreys engaged in the regular routine town, and, filing to the left, formed iu line duty. of battle under cover of a low bill. Knap¬ The next move they made was in Burn¬ sacks were uusluug and bayonets fixed. In side’s Winter campaign, known as the the formation of the Brigade iu order ot “ mud march,” on the 20th of January, battle, the 133rd Regiment formed the right 1803. A warm rain set in during this march and thawed out the ground and of tfie front line and led the charge on the . / J stone wall and sunken road at the base of | anchored the army hopelessly iu the mud. Mary o’si bill. The grand advance across that After suffering untold hardships they re¬ plain of death and the brave determination turned a second time to their old camp, with which they held their ground in the where they remained until the opening of face of overwhelming numbers in a strongly active operations of the campaign under fortified position for nearly au hour made Hooker. On the morning of the 2~th of this one of the greatest charges in the April the Regiment broke camp and moved history of modern warfare. The Regiment West with the Fifth, Eleventh and Twelfth gained a position within fifty yards of the | Corps. On this march the Regiment, to- , stone wall and held it until they were stam¬ , gether with the whole of Humphreys’ Divi¬ peded by'the first brigade, (Tyler’s) which sion, was compelled to wade the Rapidnn was sent to their support. Finding them all river. The stream was from four to five lying down among the dead and wounded, feet deep, cold and swift. In the formation and thinking, as some oi them said alter- to receive the enemy at Chancel lorsville, wards, that all were dead or wounded, they Humphreys’ Division was posted on the ex¬ * stampeded, after firing one volley. lhis treme left, where they remained until the stampede was quickly followed by the stampede of the Eleventh Corps on the ’ wrecked 2nd brigade, (Allabaeh’s.) Gen¬ right, when, together with the rest of the ii —al Humphreys and staff made a vain division, the Regiment was huriied forward ’ effort to prevent the stampede ; the General to stay the storm in that direction ; they rode recklessly among his men calling to formed iu line nearthe Chancellorsville house hem to re-form and give the enemy the cold aud advanced on the enemy, aud drove I steel, but they realized that all was lost, them hack into the woods for a mile. The and fell back in eonfusion, but reformed in rebels set fire to the woods aud advanced line of battle near the place where they had under cover of the smoke and turned the formed for the charge an hour before. 1 fere right flank of the Brigade hack at a right the Regiment remained during the most of angle. After some inanceuvering the Brigade night, squads being sent out to scour the was extricated from this position, showing f held aud bring iu the wounded. At 3 o’clock their contempt for the enemy by executing on Sunday morning, they were marched some fine bataliou movements on their way into the town, where they-received a fresh out to the original line near the Ghaneellors- supply of ammunition and were again ville house, where they remained until the ordered to the field. They were again close of the battle. They formed the rear formed on the same ground where they had guard during the retreat, and was the last formed the day before for their disastrous to cross the historic Rapahaunock and return charge on the stone wall. They were some¬ again to their old camp. Their term of ser¬ what sheltered by the low bill but exposed vice had now expired, they marched to to the enemy’s fire. At seven o’clock in Aqnia creek early in May and took a steamer the evening they were ordered into Freder¬ | homeward bound. luvial and Mack vegetable mould, “bottom land,” as it was called by the | early settlers, was covered with a hard wood forest, mainly hickory trees. On the south and west a series of low hills | stnownas “Mile Hill” and “Dry Ridge” sweep down from the Alleghany moun¬ tains and enclose the valley, except the channel worn through them by Shawanese Cabin creek. These hills rise one above the other, and thus TIE THEM VILLAGE IF SCHELLSflURG Laid Out by John Schell on November 9, I 1808, PALAU HATES AMONG THE EARLY SETTLERS.

The “Nine Mile Tavern”—The Inhabitants Are Zealous In Behalf of Education and Re¬ ligion— The Old Eog Church and Its Unique Pulpit — A Beautiful Burial I Ground — Library Association.

At the close of the last century form a natural amphitheatre, John Schell II., a resident of Mont¬ r valley opens to the north into Quaker gomery county, Pa. (Note 2) settled, valley, so called from a settlement of with his family, about nine miles west Quakers therein. of the town of Bedford,on the banks of THE ROADS. Shawanese Cabin creek (so called from In 1754 there was no wagon road a Shawanese village, which at an early over the Alleghany mountain (only two day stood on the south bank, one mile Indian trails), except the road built in from the present town of Schellsburg). that year by Colonel Washington from Doubtless he was attracted to the lo¬ Port Cumberland. cality by the face of the country, the In 1754, during the French and In¬ fertility of the soil and the existence dian war, a Provincial road was built of a good road between the eastern and from Shippensburg to within a few western parts of the state. A few miles of a junction with the Washing- miles east of the Alleghany mountains, Jton road at Turkey Foot. As this road there is a limestone formation nearly was built under the management of horizontal, which is some three hun¬ 5k Col. James Burd, it is generally known dred feet above the little valleys on as “the Burd road.” It passed through each side, with a length of about eight RaystowjfTup the Juniata, and thence miles north and south, and with a southwest to Turkey Foot. In 1758 a width of nearly three miles. The hill military road to Fort Duquesne being was originally covered with a dense absolutely necessary, for the use of forest of chestnut timber, and hence it General Forbes’ army, the Virginia was called “Chestnut Ridge” by the authorities insisted that the road early settlers. The soil is a rich lime¬ should be built from Fort Cumberland, stone gravel, exceedingly productive. but Colonel Boquet, finally, and very At either end, and along the eastern wisely, determined to build the road base of the ridge, several large, never from Raystown. This road passed up failing springs flow from its hidden Shawanese Cabin creek, over the very caverns. A beautiful little valley ground that John Schell subsequently slopes down from the eastern side of purchased. The opening of this road the ridge for a distance of about one from Raystown through western Penn¬ and a half miles. Its soil is a rich sylvania was of incalculable benefit to the entire province. It not only drew ■

John Schell purchased, on and around Shawanese Cabin creek, upwards of * brought many hundred German 1,500 acres of land at a cost of upwards -nfamilies from Maryland and Virginia, of 10,000 pounds. Dr. John Anderson jg who had previously left York, Lancas and Col. Samuel Davidson, of Bedford, ter and other eastern counties. This by deed dated 1st of June, 1801, con¬ (road opened up a direct route to Ohio \ veyed “to John Schell, Sr., merchant, and the west. For many years after of the township and county of Bed¬ the reduction of Fort Duquesne (now ford, two tracts of land containing in I called Fort Pitt) Fort Bedford was all 502kt acres for 2,000 pounds. The f used as a base of supplies for the west, first tract, on which Schellsburg was q As a consequence this road was almost subsequently laid out, was patented to k exclusively used for travel and trans- j portation between the two forts up to James Anderson on the 15th of June, 1776, and named in the patent, the the year 1773. At this period the set¬ “nine mile tavern.” (Deed Book “F ■ tlers demanded a better road. They 145). The other, on which the ceme petitioned to the court of quarter ses¬ tery was located, was situated on sions of Bedford county (Note 3) for a Chestnut Ridge and was named “Pe¬ view, etc. On the 13th of October, kin” in the patent, dated 17th of June, 1772, the court made an order to open 1789. Although the above deed is a road “from the town of Bedford to dated 1st of June, 1801, it is very cer- the Youghiogheny river, to the 31 mile tree from Fort Pitt, on General coirn^'one^n- wo11yll^Eetore fffiat Braddock’s road, where the road cross date. He must then have been keep¬ es Sewic'kley creek, being in the whole ing store in the neighborhood, as he is sixty-seven miles, to be opened 33 feet described in the above deed as a mer¬ in width.” This road was made chant of Bedford township. My | through the present town of Schells- opinion is that he came here in 1798 or 9 burg iu 1773. It is very probable that .j 1799. p after the completion of this road THE EARLY SETTLERS. y James Anderson built his tavern house, The early settlers on Shawanese Cab¬ | called in the patent granted to him in in creek, as well as those in other 1 1776, “the nine mile tavern,” as in parts of Bedford county, were Scotch- 1773, and for many years thereafter, he Irish, with a few Germans. Many of j obtained a license to keep a tavern. the old soldiers, who marched with >e 5 This road was generally used until army of General Forbes over the old |the year 1791, when the council of the , returned after the termi¬ ^state ordered a new road to be opened nation of the war and settled on, or ,jfrom Miller’s spring, in Cumberland took uplands near the said road. Rev. county, to Fort Pitt (15 C. R.,273). The John Steele, commissioned a captain in ijview of this road was confirmed as far 1755, and who afterwards preached in I as Fort Bedford on the 24th of Novem- Bedford, took up a tract of 233 acres t, ber, 1789 (Ut Supra, 466); and from near Schellsburg, a portion of which j Fort Bedford to Fort Pitt on the 28th . was purchased from his sons by John ; of September, 1791. This road was Schell in 1802. Col. Henry Boquet, j built in 1792 through the present town John Ormsby, William Trent, Robert | of Schellsburg, and, John Schell, in Calendar, John Frazier and many laying out the town in 1808, named the others also entered lands nearby. To- 3 main street “Pittsburg” street, as it wards the close of the last century the ran east and west through the town. German settlers of the eastern coun¬ 1 The Bedford and Stoyestown turnpike ties began to move westward. In tbe i road was built in 1815 over the same year 1717 there were upwards of 15,000 street. It will be observed that by Palatinates in Philadelphia county. means of these several roads Schells¬ Those who came to America prior to burg enjoyed unusual facilities for 1717 were driven out of the Lower travel. Palatinate by Louis XIV. of France, THE LAND PURCHASE. who, in 1689, devastated that province Between the years 1801 and 1809 with fire and sword. Upwards of 100, 000 of these persecuted people wan dered down the Rhine to Amsterdam on the 30th of March, 1825. and Rotterdam, in Holland, from the cemetery. whence many of them, through the kindness of Queen Anne of England, The Chestnut Ridge and Schells- were sent to her American colonies; burg Union Cemetery” is situated on most of them settling in Philadelphia Chestnut Ridge, about one-half mile county. Some years later,owing to the west of the town. On the 17th of aggressions of Bavaria, and the sur¬ March, 1807, John Schell conveyed the rounding states, many of the Palati¬ following parcel of land: “I John nates left their native country volun¬ Schell, * * as well for and in consider¬ tarily. They also sailed from Rotter¬ ation of the marked respect and vener¬ dam and settled in Philadelphia coun¬ ation which I have for the Christian ty. These people were the warm religion, as of the sum of Si.00 * * to friends of education and religion. me in hand paid, by the Lutheran and When they came to Pennsylvania they Calvinistic congregations,on the waters brought their preachers and their of Shawanese Cabin creek, have giveD teachers with them. The Rev. George granted, &c., * * all that certain piece j Michael Weiss, a graduate of Heidel¬ of land situated in the township of Bed 5 berg university, came over with them ford aforesaid, on the south side of the and organized their church at Goshen- state road leading from Bedford to * hoppen. These Palatinate soon after Stoyestown, containing 6 acres and 40 their arrival built houses, barns, perches, being part of my tract of churches, school houses and mills. land, called ‘Pekin.’ *** ‘jn trust Michael Schell left the Palatinate and for the erection of churches wherein settled at Goshenhoppen about 1733. may be preached and heard the Chris¬ He had a son, John I., who was the tian religion; also for the erection of father of John II., who settled at school houses for the use of the mem¬ Schellsburg. John Schell II., soon bers of said congregations.” after his settlement in Bedford county, Although this deed was not made un¬ pursued the same course, in making til 1807, yet, it is very certain that improvements, as did the Palatinates soon after John Schell had obtained in Philadelphia county. Within a few the deed for the Chestnut Ridge tract years after his settlement in Bedford of land, he determined to give a suffi¬ county a large number of the descend¬ cient parcel of ground for school and ’ ants of the Palatinates,in Montgomery church purposes, for the use of the peo-' county, also came up and purchased pie who lived in the neighborhood. ; farms in the neighborhood of Schells¬ This view is strengthened by the fact. burg. Among these may be mentioned that the old log church was commenc- ‘ the Hillegass, the Mowry, the Wagon- ed and was under roof in 1806, one1 ei, the Rock and the Culp families year before the deed was made for the ’ ground. While the first settlers in Schellsburg were distinctively Palatinates, yet, in The land thus granted by deed in ' a very short time, many persons of oth¬ 1807 has been used as a burial place, ‘ since 1806, by the settlers of all denom-1 er nationalities, also settled there. And wf'.v' ' ' it may be said to their credit—that all inations in Schellsburg and the sur- were zealous in behalf of education and rounding country for many miles. religion. Among the first persons interred there¬ Soon after John Schell obtained the in was a little child, a sister of the late deed for the two tracts of land (on the John Whetstone, in 1806. John Culp first of June, 1801) he commenced was putting on the roof of the church building a large house in the west end at the time and he assisted at the fun¬ of Schellsburg (now kept as a hotel) eral. The mother of the grantor, Vod for the purpose of keeping an inn and Fronica Schell, who was born in 1730 a store. He was licensed to keep an and died in 1813, aged 83 years, and inn in 1803. He kept it for three his two children, aged 18 and 7 years, years and then retired to his farm and ; - were buried there. At this time five mill property, which was a short dis¬ generations of the grantor’s family tance southwest of Schellsburg, where rest in the cemetery grounds he resided up to the time of his death miu max; sastei who annually come to Bedford county janother, himself and wife, and some for health or pleasure, on account ol .! his children, grandchildren and great 1/ the beauty of the situation, the splen¬ jt-randchildren. It may he observed dor of the scenery and the quaintness ihat the grant of the land doeo not of the old church. Facing to the west, mention its use as a burial ground, du the Alleghany mountains, a few miles this was unnecessary, for at that early off, stand up as the everlasting “muni¬ date every churchyard was used as a tions of rocks.” The sunlit clouds burial ground.. Here it may be proper cast their flitting shadows upon the to state that while John Schell was a green mountain side, apparently chas¬ member of the German Reformed ing one another from rock to rock and « church, his Christian spirit was liberal from ravine to ravine; turning to the and broad enough to include in the southwest, the mountain range fades grant all the denominations then ex¬ away and is lost in the towering hills isting in that locality—for in the con¬ which flank the ; clusion of the grant, he uses these looking to the northeast, the blue out¬ words: ‘‘In trust for the erection of lines of the mountains stretch farther churches wherein may be preached the and farther until they become invisi¬ Christian religion.” Neither the ble in the dim distance. (Within the grantor nor any of his descendants past year the association purchased 1 ever expressed any disapproval of the several acres of land from the late C. general use of the ground for burial W. Colvin, deceased, so that the ceme¬ purposes by people of all denomina¬ tery now contains about 11 acres). tions and from all sections of the coun- THE OLD DOG CHURCH. a try. INCORPORATION OF THE CEMETERY. It appears from a subscription pa¬ On the 19th of November, 1859, at a per, dated in 1806, that the first move¬ meeting of the joint consistories of the ment for the erection of a Union Evangelical Lutheran and the St. John church was made in that year. It is German Reformed churches it was de¬ probable that the state road was the termined to procure a charter incor¬ then line between Bedford and St. Clair porating “the Chestnut Ridge and townships (Note 4). The following is Schellsburg Union Cemetery Associa¬ an extract from the said .subscription tion.” A committee consisting of mem¬ paper: “Whereas, It has been agreed bers of both of these churches was ap¬ by the inhabitants of Bedford and St. pointed to prepare and procure the Clair townships, that a meeting house passage of an act of incorporation (church) is necessary to be builded, by from the legislature. Accordingly a subscription of said inhabitants, * * * charter was prepared, and 27 of the the said house to be 25 x 30 feet, two 3o| members of the Lutheran, the Reform stories, with shingle roof, * * * the td, ed, the Presbyterian and the Methodist subscriptions to be paid to John churches were therein named as cor Schell, Tobias Hammer, George Rock porators. The charter was approved and John Mowry * * *. The building by the governor on the 17th of March is to be free to no other denominations 1800 (P. L. 1800, 771) In June, 1800. ! than for the Calvinists and Lutherans; the members of the several churches and traveling preachers shall have the in Schellsburg met in the old log- liberty to preach by application to the church, for the purpose of consecrat¬ elders of said congregations.” ing the cemetery grounds. Members of The church was built of logs in 1806. the above mentioned churches were It is supposed to be the oldest church present and participated in the ser¬ building in the county. The church vices. So far as it was then known stands nearly in the middle of the iti there was not any opposition to these grounds and faces the south. The door is at the south side and is a dou¬ nd proceedings. All then admitted, and ble one with a large old fashioned >u all now agree, that the incorporation lock, which is opened and shut by un¬ ,rjj was necessary for the preservation of screwing and screwing into the lock, a the old church and the beautifying of long iron handle. On the north side the cemetery grounds. (Note 1) This beautiful burial place is visited there is only one widow, which is by many persons, especially by those above the pulpit. On the other three John Schell, on the 1st of June, 1801 sides there are two windows below and named “the nine mile tavern," in and two above. the patent to James Anderson, dated The pulpit is very unique. Some one has very aptly said it is in the 1776. The town is beautifully situated, about nine miles west of Bedford,in the likeness of the wine cup. It is alto¬ gether probable that it is a reproduc¬ little valley, which slopes down on the tion of a pulpit in some old Palatinate east side of Chestnut Rid^e. The lots sold were purchased, in church, which was originally designed June, 1809, by the following persons, as a symbolization of the Eucharistic to wit: John Schell, Jr., Philip Reed, cup. The Elector Frederick III George Knoblock, Peter Schell, Jacob adopted the Heidelberg catechism, and Schell, William Korliison, John Clark, nearly all of his people along the Christian Benigh, Joseph Wagner and Rhine belonged to the Reformed Michael Reed. church. They were very devout fol¬ Soon after the town was laid out a lowers of Christ and readily discerned log school house was built by the in¬ close relation between the gospel of habitants, on lots 23 and 24. These the crucifixion, and “the blood of the lots must have been given for tha New Testament.” Hence the ideal purpose by John Schell, at that time cup-shaped pulpit. The pulpit is oc¬ although the deed for them was not' tagonal in shape. It is supported by a made until the 2nd of January, 1814. pedestal, or square pillar, 53 inches in The deed declares, that “as well for height; one side is placed against the and in consideration of the respect north wall, undter the window; the and veneration which I have for the other seven sides, or panels, are 43 public good, of a certain town laid out inches in height and 17 inches in width, by me the said John Schell, situate on and they slope gently to the pedestal. both sides of the state road leading The pulpit is four feet in diameter from Bedford to Pittsburg * * * called and is reached by seven steps, through Schellsburg, do grant, etc., unto the a door made of one of the panels, and said citizens * * * all those two certain I is only large enough to hold one per- lots of ground Nos. 23 and 24. (Lot I son. The whole is painted white. No. 24 is the lot on which the The seats, both down and up stairs, school house has been built by some are unpainted, with high and straight of the citizens of said town and its hacks. In front of the pulpit is a vicinity) * * * for the use of building large white table 50 x 42 inches, which thereon school houses, church, or was used at Communion services. A churches, for the Lutheran and Cal¬ high gallery, supported by two col¬ vinist congregations; or any other umns, extends around three sides of “public building or buildings the ma¬ the church and takes up more than jority of the citizens of said town may one half of the space. An old German or shall agree to or for.” (Deed Book Bible printed in 1805, at Halle, and i “A. R.,” 333). translated by Martin Luther, has been John Schell also granted to the citi¬ in use from 1806 and is still in the zens of Schellsburg the use of the wa¬ church. In the year 1881 the church ter flowing from the spring at the was weather-boarded and painted west end of town, with the right to white, in order to preserve • it from carry it through pipes, etc. This further decay. This has beautified its right has been lost by a non-user. It. exterior. In cold and inclement has already been said that the citizens weather it is used for burial services. of the town were warm supporters of A stove has been placed in it, so ■ education. In September, 1814, the that the church can be made comforta¬ old log school house needed some re¬ ble in cold weather. pairs, and the citizens generously con¬ the village of schellsburg. tributed the necessary funds to put it This primitive town was laid out by in good condition. In 1825 it was de¬ John Schell, on the old state road lead¬ termined to build a new brick school ing from Bedford to Pittsburg, on the house. Accordingly sufficient money 9th of November, 1808. (Deed Book was collected to build a brick school i‘j " 328). It was surveyed and loea- house 35 x 24 feet with two stories. Lted on the tract of land purchased by ■ mm

f ; Many citizens of Bedford contributec I end of the town. to the erection of the building-. (The The view from the upper, or western I names of subscribes and the amounts H end, of the town, while not expansive, subscribed have 'been carefully pre¬ 4 is beautiful and panoramic. The little served in the reeprds). Thereafter it 4 valley resembles a circular lake was called the Schellsburg academy, 1 environed by hills. It is nearly all! 1 and the trustees made every possible under cultivation and dotted with! 1 effort to procure able and competent charming dwellings and other improve-1 fl teachers. Mr. Jamison taught in 1825; ments. The following extract is from i 3 Mr. Watt in 1828; Alexander Alexan- the History of Bedford County, pub- (' : der in 1831; J. W. Allen took charge of lished in 1884: t the academy on the 29th of October, “John Schell, Sr., founder of Schells-1 I 1832. The trustees gave notice in the burg, was born in 1764 and died in | t Bedford Gazette, on the 21st Sep- 1825. He moved from Montgomery [ tember. 1832, that Mr. Allen, a gradu- county to Bedford county in 1800 and i ate of Jefferson college, well recom- soon became one of the leading busi¬ ^ mended by Dr. Brown, president of ness men of the county. To the town the college, had taken charge of the of Schellsburg he gave several lots of | school. E. Steward taught in 1833. ground, to be devoted to religious and |;| It may be truthfully said that from educational purposes. He also donated 1825 to the present time Schellsburg several acres for a church lot and has had excellent schools. cemetery on the hill west of the town. On the 1st of September, 1855, the He and his sons were prominent mem¬ academy building was leased to the bers of the company that built the directors of the public schools. In turnpike. Mr. Schell, after seeing his 1871, or 1872, the school directors erect¬ town well established and on the road ed a large brick school house a short to prosperity, removed to his farm distance from the academy, in order f nearby and there passed the remainder to have a graded school. The school of his days. He built the mill now has been very successful under the able owned by Charles W. Colvin, which for corps of teachers employed. The old some years was the principal mill in brick building was sold and torn down the western part of the county. in 1883. The two congregations erect¬ “Mr. Schell’s sons were identified ed large and commodious churches in with the interests of Schellsburg and Schellsburg on the lots donated by his grandsons are still among its most j John Schell. The Lutheran in 1843 respected citizens. Its first founder, and the Reformed in 1851. The Schells¬ John Schell, was a man of enterprise burg Lyceum was org-anized on the and public spirit. Probably the first 7th of November, 1839, and kept in house in it was built by James Ander¬ existence for many years. A library son, prior to Schell’s coming. The was established some years ago, and next house was built by Mr. Schell on the 8th of September, 1894, a char¬ and is now part of the hotel of George ter for the Schellsburg Library asso¬ M. Colvin. The first store and tavern ciation was granted by the court. It were kept by John Schell. The first is now in a very flourishing condition. brick house in the town was erected The town of Schellsburg was incor¬ about 1810 by Peter Schell, who occu- porated by an act of the Legislature, pied it as a store and residence. Some I approved the 19th of March, 1838, (P. years later John Schell, Sr., Michael H L. 1838, p 131). The boundaries were Reed, Jacob Schell and Abraham Schell H fixed as follows: “Beginning at a erected large brick houses and John | j post standing in Peter Schell’s mead¬ Clark and Charles Dannalter large M ow, S. 89 d. W. 175 ps. to a post in stone houses. Henry Schell built a | Geo. Colvin's field;thence S.l d W.59 ps. fulling mill and large flouring mill y to a post; thence N. 89 d E. 175 ps. to within sight of the town in 1820. The a post; thence 1 d E. 59 ps. to the place town contains a population of about I of beginning, including the whole town 500 and has superior church and school I of Schellsburg.” These limits included buildings. The town is substantially the addition of Peter Schell in the east and neatly built. Many of the resi Viicotiiui UKIge. dences and business houses are of brick and the general aspect of every¬ (facts, gave Judge Hall the errdneousTB thing evinces that the people are pos¬ statement. But I also think, {hat if | sessed of wealth and taste. Schells- he had exercised ordinary diligence iD burg grew thriftily and soon became making the proper inquiry as to the the business center of a large territory truth or falsity of the statement, he ■of the surrounding country, a portion would cot have been misled, and thus ■of which it held until the building of induced to cast serious reflections up¬ railroads, and the growth of neighbor¬ on the character and conduct of two ing villages changed the course of old men, who. at the time the artic’e traffic.’- (Pages 271 and 278). was published, had been sleeping in Note 1.—A book published by Hon. their graves for a period of 28 years. Wm. M. Hall, in 1890, contains this Lord Macaulay, in his review of | statement: “Just across the turnnik Croker’s edition of Boswell’s life of is a small separate graveyard Johnson thus speaks of Croker's ran¬ k Pity7 and. it don’t seem right. It dom assertions: “We do not suspect looks like carrying animosity into the him of intentionally falsifying history. next world, as it were. IVhen Peter R But of this high literary misdemeanor Schell undertook to incorporate the we do without hesitation accuse him_ cemetery some expense had to be in¬ that he has no adequate sense of the curred and it resulted in a small charge obligation which a writer, who pro¬ of $6 or $8 for a lot. Theretofore the fesses to relate facts, owes to the pub¬ graveyard had been free. Old Mr. lic.” Bowser was opposed to the incorpora¬ this is the explanation: In the tion, and these old men could not course of time it came to pass that a agree. And Mr. Bowser started his majority of the members of both own cemetery. I know not who was churches became residents of Sehells- to blame. But it is a pity that the Haurg. In consequence thereof they de¬ angles of the two old men met,and that cided to build new churches iu that vil¬ down through the ages will go the in¬ lage. The Lutheran congregation quiry why these two graveyards, and built their church in 1843, the Re¬ the response that will indicate how formed congregation in 1851. As was these old men differed irreconcilably natural, there was some opposition to I about this matter.” these removals on the part of a few{ The above statement, so far as re¬ country members. John Bowser, a I lates to my father, Peter Schell, does member of the Reformed church, was j him gross injustice and it is entirely vigorously opposed to the removal. Hej untrue and unfounded. It has been therefore withdrew from the church in i shown above that the incorporation of 18ol. On the 20th of August, 1856, his the cemetery association was made in wife died. Her son-in-law, Charles W. 1860, in accordance with the action of Colvin, who owned the ground adjoin-1 the consistories of both the Lutheran ing the cemetery, offered it to Mr. and the Reformed churches So far as Bowser as a private burial place for it is known, there was no opposition to his family. She was buried there. it, either by Mr. Bowser or any other And on the 13th of September, 1862, he person. It had the approval of all the was also buried there. Possibly there members of all the churches in Schells- may he ten persons buried therein. burg', and it is now conceded by evei y- But happily within the year 1897, by body that the act of incorporation was an arrangement between Mr. Colvin a wise measure—it has resulted in and the cemetery association,this little making this rural cemetery one of the graveyard is now part and parcel of most beautiful in the state. The most the cemetery grounds. The turnpike conclusive fact to prove that Judge as located in 1815 ran through the Halls statement is erroneous is the fact burial ground and left a small piece of that the little graveyard mentioned by land on the north side, which now ad¬ him was commenced in 1856, four years joins the above mentioned small burial before the cemetery was incorporated. ground. I acquit Judge Hall of any intention::] Note 2:—Montgomery county was misstatement. I think that some per¬ erected, out of part of Philadelphia son, who was entirely ignorant of the county, in 1784. selves of the kindness extended b^he j i erected out of part editors, to address our co-laborers I ^ couuty iD 1771. again through the columns of the ® ^ Note 4 :— The court of quarter ses¬ papers. sions of Cumberland county, in 1765, We desire that each township his¬ fixed the western boundary of Bedford torian, as well as the vice president township at the foot of the Alleghany j representing the same district, shall mountain. The court of Bedford coun¬ interest himself in behalf of our so- ty, on the 16th day of April, 1871, ex¬ ciety, in collecting old books, papers, tended this boundary to the top of the pictures, maps, relics and curiosities mountain. In 1794 St. Clair townshi j which have any historic interest, and was erected out of part of Bedford send the same to the chairman or sec¬ township, and was very probably retary,to be placed among the archives called after Gen. Arthur St. Clair. The of the society. It should be distinctly I division line between the two town¬ remembered that no one forfeits the ships was the state road. Thus, in right of ownership to any article 1808, when the village of Schellsburg . 3*1 placed in the charge of the society,but was laid out, the people who lived o i that any article can be withdrawn at the north side of this road (then named any time, from ten minutes to a hun¬ Pittsburg- street) were in St. Clair dred years after being deposited, by township, and those on the south sid; the owner applying in person for the were in Bedford township. And so the ,-v. same. Due acknowledgment will be situation remained until 1811, when made hereafter through the county Napier township was erected out of papers about the time of each meeting, parts of Bedford and St. Clair town¬ of the contributions made during the ships, and then the villag-e became three months immediately preceding. nearly the central point of the new We have already received the follow¬ township. It is probable that th > ing : “Methodism in Bedford,” by township was called after General Rev. Dr. H. C. Pardoe, of Bedford; Colo¬ Napier, of the Peninsular war, who nial Magazine, by Dr. Egle, Harris¬ had greatly distinguished himself burg; History, pni'4i"iw^nm(ii I of arms, about that time. &c., of Ormsby family, by Oliver Orms-

William P Schell. by; “Descendants of Samuel Diehl,” W-«TW H W ww x v v rt • < by Adam F. Diehl, Bedford town¬ ship; Box of Indian relics, by E. Howard Blackburn, Bedford; Copy From, xuMjl of “Franklin Repository” by Hon. J. H. Longenecker, Bedford; Complete set of Annual Reports of Superintend¬ ent of Public Schools of Bedford Coun¬ ty, by Prof. C. J. Potts, Bedford; Deed of Sheriff Ephraim Blaine (grand¬ Date, {ZYf /Y father of Hon. James G. Blaine) to Geo. Miiiken for three lots in Bedford borough, dated 1771, by C. P. Humrich, fc * m Carlisle; Leave by Lieut. Lewis Ourry, THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. commander of Fort Bedford, to Tobias Risenor, to erect a building, by Rev. Work For the Township Historiapk and Dr. E. N. Kremer, Harrisburg. Others Interested In the Organisation. We are just now endeavoring to make j At the last regular meetin'g of the up a scrap book of sketches of the lives . Historical society a number of town¬ of our prominent citizens, from clip¬ ship historians were elected whose du¬ pings from our county papers and ties, as was stated in an article in the wherever else the same can be found— l’county papers, would be outlined in a and it is in this work especially that circular to be sent them later on. As we desire to engage the help of our I this circular would require more time, township historians at present. They labor and expense than we feel able to will please look over any old files of -^•ive it at present, we shall avail our mmm Was BuiltIn 1806 ByaUnionoftlieKe- SACRED EDIFICES THE FIRSTCHURCH Erected atSchellsburgNearlya first TuesdayofJuly,butforsufficient ninth ofsamemonth.Wehopeatthis same toSaturdayatteno’clockonthe reason thechairmanpostpones something beforeournextmeeting ship historians,gotoworkanddo terested, andparticularlythetown¬ eastern counties.Leteveryonein¬ ance onthepartofourout-of-town time tobefavoredwithalargeattend¬ work isreportedinournextarticle. made whentheaggregateamountof lished anddoingactiveworkinthe sired, theitemswewantwillbecopied members andcitizensgenerally. and notewhatprogressweshallhave and usefulsocietyasthosenowestab¬ tion ofourcitizens,aswell terest, andwiththehelpco-opera¬ and thepaperreturned. and ifthereturnofpaperisde¬ say priorto1870,shouldbesentinfull; date ofthepaperfromwhichitwastaken. Also anyveryoldcopiesofthepapers, members, wemayhaveasinteresting and besuretonoteoneacharticlethe their respectivedistrictsofthecounty; ical orhistoricalmatterpertainingto complete file—andcutoutallbiograph¬ of datespriortoOctober,1895—from papers towhichtheyhaveaccess,ancT which timewealreadyhavenearlya Bate, A From, -- s'"I Our nextmeetingwastobeonthe Our oldcountyisfullofhistoricin¬ E. HowardBuackburn,Secretary' ioi'npd andLutheran Hundred YearsAgo, M ■i 1 Ijserviegs consecrating thecemetery. Hofficers), JohnMowry,BenjaminBisel, ; In1851thecongregationbuilta ■ Pantedwhite,in1881,forpreserva¬ 1860, thecongregation joinedinthe Union Cemeteryassociation.” InJune, approval tothemeasure incorporate church wasdedicatedin 1852. In1859 “The ChestnutRidgeand Schellsburg the consistoryofchurch gavetheir the corner-stoneinsame year.The preached thesermonatlayingof the church.Rev;F.A.RupleyJ by PeterSchell,theoldestmemberof Schell, inSchellsburg.Theground was brokenonthe1stofMarch,1851, on oneofthelotsgrantedbyJohn large andcommodiouschurch,ofbrick, occasions. tion, anditisstillusedonfuneral logs andwasweatherboarded in 1806.Itwasoriginallybuiltwith (John Fisher,HenryDarr,Abraham church, asabovementioned,bythe Reformed andLutherancongregations Winegardner. Whetstone, JohnCorleyand Otto, PeterSchell(allofwhomwere Schell, Sr.,TobiasHammer,Herbert original membersofthechurch:John following headsoffamilieswerethe Rev. DietrichAurandtin1806.The the oounty. posed tobetheoldestchurchedificein church wasbuiltin1806,anditissup¬ erty topreachbyapplicationthe elders ofsaidcongregation.”The traveling preachersshallhavethelib¬ free tonootherdenominationsthan for theCalvinistsandLutherans;S and GeorgeRock.Thebuildingtobe paid toJohnSchell,TobiasHammer shingle roof,thesubscriptionstobe purpose ofbuildingaunionchurch "25 x30feet,2storieshigh,with ford andSt.Clairtownships,forthe taken upbytheinhabitantsofBed¬ Schell. land givenforthatpurposebyohn gregations, onChestnutRidge,the of theReformedandLutherancon¬ burg wasintheyear1806,byaunion The buildingwaserectedasaunion This churchwasorganizedbythe In thatyearasubscriptionwas THE ST.JOHN’SREFORMEDCHURCH. The firstchurcherectedinSchells¬ tious, onChestnutRidge, ■ ^ Tlie following named persons have Black were the deacons. In the served as pastors of the church from year the Union Log church was built its organization in 1806 to 1898 : by the Reformed and Lutheran congre¬ Rev. Dietrich Aurandt, 1806—1811; gations, on Chestnut Ridge, as above Rev. Henry Gerhart, 1811—1829; Rev. mentioned. George Leidy, 1835—1843; Rev. Jacob In 1843 the congregation built a large Zeigler, 18-14—1849; Rev. Henry Heck- and comfortable church in Schellsburg, erman, 1850—1859; Rev. Joseph Hanna- on lot No. 20, generously given by Miss bery, 1859—1862; Rev. Nehemiah H. Catharine Danaker, by deed dated May Skyles, 1863—1873; Rev. William D. 12, 1843, which contains this clause, Lefevre, 1873—1877; Rev. Henry S. “in consideration of the sum of SI, and Garner, 1878—1884; Rev. F. W. Brown, the love and affection which as a Chris¬ 1884—1888; Rev. James B. Stonesifer, tian I have for the church, I give, &c.” 1890—1891. Rev. Daniel G. Hetrick, the The trustees named in the deed are present pastor, took charge in 1892. David Border, Wm. Rock and Jacob In 1897 the church had seventy-two Poorman, elders and C. Danaker, |I members. The elders are E. F. Gar- Henry Beltz, George Rathfon and Wm. I linger, George A. Egolf, Silas Golli- j Rock,deacons. (Deed Book V., P. 564.) | pher and Wm. E. Reilly. The dea- The congregation owns a very com¬ cons are George Benigh, A. J. Hersh¬ plete parsonage near the church. The berger, Benjamin Egolf and Henry H. 3 following persons have served as pastors of the church since its organization in McKinney. 1806 up to the present time: Revs. Oster- The church has a comfortable par- low, William Yeager, (who delivered . sonage. his farewell sermon on the 17th of No¬ THE SUNDAY SCHOOL. vember, 1839), Reuben Weiser, William The Sunday school was organized on Ruthrauff, J. T. Cast, D. S. Aultman, William Kupp, J. A. Ivunkleman, B. H. k; the 17th of July, 1853, with a member Hunt, J. H. A. Kitzmiller, J F. De¬ 1 ship of 45. The following were the first trick, Abel Thompson, C. B. Gruver, officers : Superintendent, Rev. Henry J. H. Walteriek, C. E. Keller, James E. Heckerman, (by the constitution); as¬ Furst and John Brubaker. At the present time the church has a sistant superintendent, Peter Dewalt; membership of eighty-one persons. secretary and librarian, F. B. W. Mc- The elders are Henderson Souser and Faddin; treasurer, Peter Ewalt; teach¬ M. L. James; deacons, M. M. Whet¬ ers, E. F. Garlinger, Joseph M. Levy, stone, II. K. Rock, William Kerr and W. T. Boor. Peter Ewalt, James Golliplier, George The congregation gave its consent to H. Ewalt, Elenora Reed, Mary Slack, the incorporation of “The Chestnut Amanda Schaff, Ellen Mowry, Marga¬ Ridge and Schellsburg Union Ceme¬ ret Ewalt, Elizabeth Yeager and Sarah tery association,’- and participated in the consecration services in 1860. Grove. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL. The present officers are as follows: The first Sunday school was organ¬ Superintendent, Rev. Daniel G. Het¬ ized in 1843. The first superintendent rick; assistant superintendent, George was Abraham B. Bunn. James Z. W. Miller; secretary and librarian, Fraser, Samuel Carl and Dr. W. W. Effie K. Beaver; treasurer, Ella Mor- Van Ormer were his successors. The present officers are—Superintendent, gart. The assistant superintendents Dr.W.W.Van Ormer;assistant superin- from 1853 to 1897 were as follows: I tendent,Rev. John Brubaker; secretary, Peter Dewalt, E. F. Garlinger, George i A. J. Otto; teachers, Miss Sarah Fraser, i W.Y. Poorman, W. W. Van Ormer, Ida® J. Rock, Silas Gollipher, Albert G. Bunn, Jennie Kemmerer and Rev. Fisher and George W. Miller. <| John Brubaker. The school has sixty- (I am indebted to Rev. Daniel G. I seven scholars. Hetrick for much of the above informa¬ (I am indebted to the Rev. John Bru¬ baker for most of the above informa¬ tion. I regret that I was unable to tion. I have given all the facts that gather more.) I could obtain.) \V. P. S

THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The Evangelical Lutheran congrega¬ tion was first organized on the 1st of June, 1806. Christian Miller was the elder and George Rock and Joseph mmmmm

•M; I y ■■ aHBsB ^tzcmase frequent services by the pastors of Bedford church. SACRED In the spring of 1817 the Rev. Jere¬ miah Chamberlain was commissioned Erected at Schellsburg In the Early by the General Assembly’s Board of Do¬ mestic Missions to travel as a mission Part of the Century, ary in the east and south. Stopping at Bedford, he was urged to accept PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH the charge. He felt constrained to decline the invitation and to prosecute

It Was Organized In 1833—Rev, James O' the work to which he had been ap¬ • Breckenridge Was the First Pastor— pointed. But subsequently, on the The Present Officers. 29th of June, 1819, a call was presented for his pastoral services, which call About 1763 tlie Donegal Presbytery was accepted. The pastoral relations sent the Rev. John Steel, of Carlisle,; thus formed continued three years and to look after the interests of Presby¬ a half, when it was dissolved by the terianism in the village of Bedford. Presbytery on the 12th of December, The settlement was small, for that 1822. During this period he preached year the first religious services*, of almost one-third of the time in Schells¬ which we have any account, were con¬ burg. ducted by a Presbyterian. For about After a vacancy of nearly five years, twenty years occasional supplies came the Rev. Daniel McKinley became pas¬ from Cumberland Valley, and the con¬ tor of the Bedford church, on the 10th gregation steadily increased with the of April, 1827. In the spring of 1831 growth of the population. In 1782 a Rev. McKinley’s health became so call was extended to the Rev. Samuel Ifeeble that he was compelled to desist Waugh, and it was agreed that, in the from practical labor. During these event of his acceptance, he should years Rev. McKinley preached at preach one-fourth of the time in Provi¬ Schellsburg a part of the time. dence township; for four Sabbaths of On the 8th of April, 1830, John Clark the year in Colerain and Cumberland | Alexander Alexander and William C. Valley, and devote the remainder of iScott, in behalf of the Schellsburg bis labors to the towD of Bedford. members, addressed this letter to the This call was declined. For about j trustees of the Presbyterian church at four years longer the congregation i Bedford : continued to be supplied by the Pres- j “We can pay for 1828 and 1829 $100 per year and $100 annually in the f "ture. We bytery. In 1786 a call was extended are pleased with the Rev. D. McKinley as to the Rev. David Baird, which he ac¬ a preacher, and are exceedingly anxious to continue hirfi’.” cepted. On the 12th of September, 1831,; He was the first pastor of this j James Taylor, Sr., wrote to William church and continued in this relation j Reynolds, of the Bedford Presbyterian j for three years. . His pastorate then church, acquiescing in the dismissal of l terminated, and he was elected to con¬ Rev. McKinley from the charge. Later , gress about 1789 He then removed to in the same year Rev. McKinley vis¬ | Hollidaysburg.g. Thej ». church was with- ited Bedford,and he brought with him, out a pastor ineteeni years, when among others, the Rev. James G. the Rev. Alex Boyd was called to SW Breckenridge, who agreed to supply the pastorate i 08. The first church the church for several months. In the was a log house, which was standing j spring of 1831 he moved to Schells¬ about forty-six years ago. (Dr. R. F. burg. Sample.) Soon thereafter, it appears, that the Prior to the year 1833 the Presbyte¬ following named persons made appli¬ rians who resided in and near Schells¬ cation to the session of the Bedford burg were members of the Bedford Presbyterian church for a dismissal for Presbyterian church. While they had the purpose of organizing a church at no church organization or building, up Schellsburg, to wit: James Taylor,Sr., to this time, they appear to have had James Taylor, Jr., John Taylor, of hew, William Schell, Benjamin was consecrated on the 0th of Febru¬ ymyer, George Hunt, John Statler, ary, 1838. Adam Small, Benjamin Gibboney, From 1817 to 1833 the Rev. Jeremiah Franklin Skinner, William McMullin, Chamberlain, Rev. Daniel McKinley Amos McCreary, Daniel Miller, Sarah and Rev. James G. Breckenridge Smith, Margaret Scott,Jane MeVieker, preached in the school house. The : Maria Bramwell, Louisa Statler,Eliza¬ following persons preached in the beth Scott, Jane Scott, Sarah Scott, church from its organization, in 1833, Hannah Hunt, Mrs. Gibboney, Mrs to 1898, to wit: 1833, James G. Breek- Burns, Mary Clark, Margaret Taylor, enridge; 1835-37, Daniel McKinley and Mary Taylor, Lydia Taylor, Margaret Henry Wilson, supplies; 1838-43, D. D. Hammer, Mrs. McCreary, Mary Ann Clark; 1844-47, George S. Inglis; (in 1847 j Whetstone, Catherine Burgess, Mary the Rev. Wm. M. Paxton, now Profes j Maria Taylor, Jane Schell, Rebecca sor in the Princeton Theological Sem¬ Mickle, Griffith Mickle, Elizabeth inary preached in the church); 1848-49, Wisegarver and Sarah Bixler. Wm. L. McCulla; 1850-55, Thomas K. The session of the Presbyterian Davis; 1858-00, Daniel Williams; 1861- church of Bedford met and granted 03, Wm. Prideux; 1866-67, J. H. Don the request of the above named per¬ eldsoD; 1869-71, J. C. Wilhelm; 1873-75, sons, May 13, 1833. (Signed) E. P. Foreman; 1878-82, Thomas Me Baynard R. Hall, Mod. of Sess: Ninch; 1883-84, George R. Scott; 1885- Wm. Reynolds and James Taylor. 90, S. E. Giffin (stated supply); 1891- ScHELLSBURG.May 18, 1833. 1898, Wm H. Schuyler. In 1897 the The persons who obtained dismis¬ church had seventy-eight members. sion from the Bedford Presbyterian The present officers of the church church met and were organized into a are as follows, to wit: R. R. Colvin, separate church in Schellsburg. Im¬ Isaiah Conley and George W. Taylor, : mediately after the organization of elders;Abraham Schell,J. M.Everil and J the church Benjamin Gibboney was or- R. R. Colvin, trustees. ]! dained a ruling elder in said church in The Methodist church was the first s; a mode conformable to Presbyterian erected within the limits of Schells¬ , 1 order. burg (1832). The Presbyterian church After the ordination of Mr. Gibbon¬ was erected two years thereafter ey, the session met, and was consti¬ (1834), but its members held the first tuted by prayer. Present, James G. regular services from 1817. Breckenridge, Moderator, James Tay¬ THE SUNDAY" SCHOOL. lor and Benjamin Gibboney, members The records are rather defective, but .composing the session. The follow-{ they show that a Sunday school was ( ing members were admitted on ex-1 organized, or rather, was in existence, animation to the communion of the in 1853. R. M. Taylor was the first su¬ church, to wit: George Foy, Jacob perintendent and Isaiah Conley suc¬ | Statler, David Pisel, Christian Benigh, ceeded him, and is superintendent at Ann Pierson and Ann Maria Clark. On this time. The school has about forty- May 19, 1833, the communion was ad¬ five members. W. P. S. ministered to the members of the .newly organized church in Schells¬ burg. A The Rev. James G. Breckenridge was failed as the first pastor, and his earn¬ Iest labors were greatly blessed. On the 24th of November, 1834, the eongregationpurchased lots Nos. 9 and 10 on Market street from Abraham Schell, who, by deed, conveyed the, ' same to Benjamin Blymyer, John s l 1 ; Statler and James Taylor,"" Sr’., trusteesJ st of said church. (Deed Book V., P. 52.) A large and beautiful brick church was erected on these lots in 1834. It

/V\,

W. sF. 1 °ib3

Saxton Massacre Memorial

in lSoritSisthatThT^iaI„tAK,?e SaXt°n Sc°uts’ massacred by Indians „VP„ K c thf of this monument that reburial services for Sunday.* 6 SC°UtS’ Wh°Se b°nes were lound W wUl be held “ IB

•vr

Recently discovered after lying sand persons. Saxton is on Route hidden in their common grave for 26. approximately 20 miles north¬ more than 150 years, the bones of east of Bedford. Signposts will di¬ seven members of the massacred rect tourists to the monument. Captain Phillips scouts will be re¬ The scouts were under command buried with full military honors of Captain Phillips in the summer near Saxton tomorrow afternoon. of 1780 when they were massacred The ceremonies, in charge of Sax¬ while attempting to ward off rov¬ ton post, No. 169, American Legion, ing bands of Indians who had commanded by Dr. Frank Guillard, terrorized settlers of the section. will take part in Fisher SumrAit The scouts volunteered to join Cap¬ Memorial park, at 2 o’clock. tain Phillips in the Indian battles Historical addresses are prom¬ after the captain had been com¬ ised from Lieutenant Governor Ed¬ missioned by Bedford county au¬ ward C. Shannon and other dis¬ thorities to defend a portion of the tinguished guests. Funeral services county, which then included the will be conducted by the Rev. present areas of Huntingdon and Stephan A. Ward, Westmont, Bedford counties. Johnstown, and Arthur C. Thomp¬ Captain Phillips and his 14-year- son, Tamaqua. Salutes of a soldier’s old son were saved from the massa¬ last farewell will be fired across cre because the Indians wished to the grave by a guard of honor of collect the reward offered by Brit¬ Saxton Legionnaires. ish commanders at Detroit for the Preparations were under way to¬ capture of officers. day to accommodate several thou¬ /r.nntinnpd n n nn.1TP. 2)

page 1)

The common grave of the mur¬ dered scouts was unmarked until 1926. i Chelten Smith, general chairman, has announced the program in de¬ tail as follows: “America,” Saxton Lions Boys’ band; invocation, Rev. Norman Wagner; address of wel¬ he come, Dr. Frank Guillard, com¬ mander American Legion post 169; address, Lieutenant Colonel Allison H. Scott, representing the com¬ " wife. manding general, Third corps area: nors singing, male quartet; talk, John Biddle, Huntingdon congressman; historian, C. Hale Sipe, Butler; nent music, Saxton Lions Boys’ band" to it, talk, Benjamin K. Focht, congress¬ man; address. Major ' General Ed¬ ndid ward C. Shannon, lieutenant gov¬ ficed ernor of Pennsylvania, commander tiers Pennsylvania National Guard; con¬ secration of grave, the Rev. Step¬ ion¬ han A. Ward, Our Lady of Sorrows 's of church, Westmont; singing, Ladies’ ions, quartet; consecration service, the the Rev. Arthur C. Thompson, D. D., h-va- re-l#: Reformed church, Tamaqua; mili¬ tary burial ceremony, American f»ravV . us yearfl Legion post 169.

- .. The following facts pertaining to the Indian massacre of Captain Phillips’ scouts in 1780 near Saxton were gleaned from Day’s History of Pennsylvania,” the archives of Pennsylvania and WHO BLAZED TRAIL . from U. J. Jones’ “History of the Juniata Valley:” Bones Had Been Dug Up by Captain William Phillips (some¬ times spelled Phelaps) a resident of Legion Members Near Scene the northern section of what is now known as Morrisons cove, in response of Their Death to pleas of the Pennsylvania assembly had recruited a small company of rangers for a period of two months in order to protect the settlers in the THOUSANDS AT CEREMONY cove and Woodcock valiey, his for¬ mer home. Bedford, May 28. — (AP) — Seven Captain Phillips and his men were on patrol duty, starting with Satur¬ I Pennsylvania rangers, who blazed day, July 15, 1780, and late that night bold trails to new frontiers when they stopped at the abandoned cabin of Fredrick Heater, who, on account America was young, were laid in of the Indian depredations in the vi¬ heroes’ graves today more than 150 cinity had fled to Hartsock’s fort, where better protection was offered. I years after their massacre by the The cabin was along Tussey moun¬ tomahawks of the' Indians. tain in Woodcock valley. The story goes back to Sunday Heater's home was nothing more than a single-room log house with a afternoon, July 16, 1780, the day loft comprising the second floor and that Captain William Phillips led a roof of small slabs nailed one on top of the other. These slabs were a party of eleven riflemen against known also as shingles and were Indians infesting the region. highly combustible. The sides of the house were pierced with loop holes The captain, setting out to avenge so as to afford a convenient place to savage outbursts against the whites fire at the enemy should the house J be attacked. near the town of Saxton, fortified On Saturday night a light rain had himself in a farmhouse, in Wood¬ fallen in the district making the ground soft and footprints easily cock Valley at the foot of Tussey j traced and it was by this method that Mountain. . . the Indians traced Phillips and his men to the very threshold of Heater’s The Indians immediately at¬ cabin. tacked; were driven back by the On awakening early Sunday morn¬ ing, July 16, Phillips saw the Indians, long rifles of the pioneers, and at¬ about sixty in number, and also two tacked once more—this time firing white men who were masquerading as Indians. Of these two men one, the improvised stockade with flam¬ as Phillips later related on his return ing arrows. after the Revolutionary war, he be¬ lieved was the- renegade Simon Girty, Captain Phillips, his fort afire, a white p"j.n who had turned against surrendered on condition that the own' race for personal gains, lives of his men be spared. The PS at once issued orders for ie to remain quiet and not Indians agreed, then disarmed the ■emselves for fear of drawing little band, tied them to a tree and of the Indians. around this the painted braves >ut this time an Indian came clearing in front of the i swayed and ran in the fanatical d Gaitrell, one of the party, j dance of death. resist the temptation and ! With shrieks and whoops they nding the savage in the massacred ten of the scouts. Cap¬ Immediately a loud cry tain Phillips and his 12-year-old the rest of the savage son, Elijah, were spared, taken to ’y began firing but with- Canada, and finally released. jr"son to show himself, it Travelers some days later found e as the noted Indian the ten bodies and buried them in a Ie, long an enemy of I ditch. ° • Hugh Skelly fired The second scene of the story is Eagle came in sight laid near the spot of the massacre— jsed directly through f the Indian’s face as near as historians can tell—on .o the left side. Sunday afternoon, June 11, 1926. On that day the American Legion Post of Saxton dedicated a monu¬ ment to the unsung Rangers. Their names are inscribed thereon: ' i Davis, Tom Gai- trell, G. Morris. Hugh Skelly, Phil Skelly, Richard Shirley, P. Sanders, T. Sanders and A. Shelly. On January 25 of this year Le¬ gionnaires were cleaning away un¬ derbrush near the monument. A spade unearthed a skull. That aft¬ ernoon the ex-soldiers dug up the bones of seven of the slain scouts— and almost at the foot of the monu¬ ment which was erected without knowledge of the exact spot of the massacre. Although the excavations were continued, traces of the other three martyrs of colonization were never found. The bones of the seven were removed to a mortuary, where they were kept until today’s memorial services. Several, thousand persons assem¬ bled today and heard the Rev. Stephen A. Ward, pastor of Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church, Johnstown; C. Hale Sipes, historian of Butler, and others, including rep¬ resentatives of State and Federal Governments, pay Stirring tribute to the men who died unknown and •were buried in a ditch a century and a half ago. _

-ions, r the;!

grave his year i ?d in im-;

<■ iWY fYW f m: / _jm HISTORICAL FACTS OF MASSACRE NEAR SAXTON . <

•‘Can

Impressive Ceremonies Will (Continued from Page 1) came upon the bones of the massacre Mark Placing of Remains victims. The American Legion members at of Indiana Massacre Vic¬ Saxton took the initiative in planning I the exercises befitting the reburial of tims In New Grave. 1 the bones. The program, as it will be carried out tomorrow afternoon, is as follows: (Special to Altoona Mirror.) General chairman, Chelten Smith SAXTON, May 27.—Historic-minded “America”.Saxton Lions Boys’ band Pennsylvanians will gather near here Invocation.Rev. Norman Wagner Address of welcome...„.. tomorrow for the impressive exercises - ....Dr. Frank Guillard which have been planned in con¬ Commander, American Legion nection with the reburial of the bones post No. 169. Address...... of seven of the ten pioneer scouts .Lieutenant Colonel A. F. H. Scott who were massacred 153 years ago Representing the war department, while defending Juniata valley set¬ U. S. A. tlers from the hostile Indians. Singing.Male quartet (Huff, Stake, Moyle, Williams)' Fisher’s Summit Memorial monu¬ Talk...... Joseph Biddle, congressman ment, near where the bones of the Historian C. Hale Sipe, Esq., Butler' massacre victims were found on Jan. Music...Saxton Lions Boys’ band | Talk... 25, 1933, will be the setting for the ' -.Benjamin K. Focht, congressman reburial service tomorrow afternoon, Address...... starting at 2 o’clock, E. S. T. Many ...... Major General Edward C. Shannon distinguished sons and daughters of Lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania will be present. Commander, Pennsylvania National The memorial monument and the guard. grave in which the bones will be re¬ Consecration of grave...

interred tomorrow are located three — .t.Rev. Stephen A. Ward miles west of this town along state Our Mother of Sorrows church, highwav route No. 26. Westmont, Pa. 1 _ Ful> niilitary honors will be enacted Singing...Ladies’ quartet massacre victims and will be (Parks, Williams, Parks, Enyeart) in charge of Saxton post. No. 169, Consecration service..._.... America^ Legion. Addresses will be ~Bev. Arthur C. Thompson, D. D. made by Lieutenant Colonel A. F. H. Reformed church, Tamaqua, Pa. Scott of the ; Con¬ Military burial ceremony.... gressmen Joseph Biddle and Benja¬ .American Legion post, No. 169 min K. Focht; Major General Edward Attorney Sipe, who will be the his¬ C. Shannon, lieutenant governor of torian of the program tomorrow, is Pennsylvania and commander of the recognized as one of the foremost authorities on Pennsylvania history ney C. Hale Sipe of Butler, Pa.., and and his address will deal with the! Dr. Frank Guillard, Saxton Legion incidents in connection with the mas¬ commander. sacre. Consecration services will be in History records that the massacre charge of Rev. Stephen A. Ward of occurred on July 16, 1780. The ten] Westmont, Pa., and Rev. Arthur C. scouts were tied to a tree and mur¬ Thompson, D. D., of Tamaqua, Pa. dered. Their bodies were left lying The military burial rites will conclude about the tree and were found about exercises and will he in i„.arge of | one week later by settlers. Due to Saxton Legionnaires, ■ the decomposed condition of the : vast throng of people is expected bodies, the victims were placed in a rese interesting ceremonies. Prep- large grave at the site of the mas¬ ns have been made for a large sacre. ance and directional signs have This town has long remembered the ■ected throughout this section story of the massacre of the scouts motorists to the historic spot which event resulted in the erection of the monument by the Saxton post in 1926. CTUnf >^3

| THOUSANDS WITNESS —...——. — " ■ —-- i ii THE CEREMONY AT An interesting speaker of the uaiSat FISHER’S SUMMIT was Attorney C. Hale Sipe of But ler, one of Pennsylvania’s ablest his¬ Remains of Ten Massacred Rangers torians, whose discourse brought out Laid to Rest at Impressive the interesting yet gruesome details Services. of the massacre. He likewise re¬ cited other phases of Pennsylvania Fisher’s Summit on Tus3ey Moun¬ history as it pertains to the great tain, near Saxton, was the mecca of Juniata valley. < [thousands of people on Sunday when Congressman Benjamin K. FoCnt the bones of rangers who were of Lewisburg made a patriotic massacred over 150 years ago were address. given a permanent resting place. Major General Edward C. Shannon The reburial took place at the exact , lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania, spot where the rangers met their was to have been the principal tragic death as the victims of Indian speaker; but, owing to an approach¬ tomahawks and arrows. ing storm, he was able to make only It is estimated that over 8000 a few impromptu remarks. people climbed the mountain side to The consecration services were in the wooded spot where the ceremonies charge of Rev. Stephen A. Ward of took place beside the monument Our Mother of Sorrows church, West¬ which had been erected six years ago mont, Pa., and Rev. Arthur C. to the memory of the men whose Thompson, D. D., of the Tamaqua, bones were found near the market Pa., Reformed church. Rev. Thomp¬ early this year. The stump to which son is a son-in-law of the late S. B the men were tied prior to the Stoler, Saxton citizen, whose untiring massacre and the spot where the efforts brought about the erection of bones were found were specially the monument six years ago. marked. Chelton Smith, general chairman, Most solemn and impressive were called the assemblage to order and the ceremonies. Stirring addresses announced the various parts of the 1 preluded the consecration services and program. Musical features were pre¬ military rites incident to the reburial sented by the Saxton Lions' Boys’ of the bones of the pioneer rangers. band and the Saxton quartets, com¬ The program opened Shortly before 3 prising Messrs. Huff, Stake, Moyle o’clock and continued for several and Williams and Mesdames Parks hours with the Tussey mountain Williams, Parks and Enyeart. slope, on which rests the Fisher monument, providing a beautiful sett¬ Saxton Legionnaires officiated at the military burial ceremony with the ing for the historic gathering. firing of three volleys and the sound¬ The assembly was brought to order by the playing of “America” by the ing of taps concluding the services, Saxton Lions’ Boys' band. Following after which the casket containing the bones of the massacre victims, was the invocation by Rev. Norman Wag¬ lowered into the new grave, ^ ner, Dr. Frank Guillard extended the f sincere welcome of the Saxton post William A. Graffius and his wife No. 169, American Legion. Mrs. Anna B. Graffius, are the donors' With a brief and stirring address of the cighteen-acre tract of land on, Lieutenant Colonel Allison F. H. Scott Ahich rests this famous monument) stressed the importance of the oc¬ and the roadway that leads to it, casion. Lieutenant Colonel Scott was from the state highway route 26. designated by the War Department Arrangements for this splendid to represent the Commanding General tribute to those men who sacrificed of the Third Corps Area, U. S. Army. all in defense of their fellow-settlers « He was introduced by R. E. Huff. were made by the Saxton Legion¬ Hon. Joseph F. Biddle of Hunting¬ naires, assisted by other citizens of don paid tribute to the men whose this community and nearby sections. memory t'ne occasion was honoring, The exercises were planned after the and complimented those who made' bones of t'ne seven men were re¬ possible the memorial at Fisher’s covered from their common grave Summit.. |_ _ near the monument early this year • f' while workmen were engaged in im¬ proving the place. in* CcrrA- ne

The tragic story fof the massacn in which these brave men met thei cruel death has been retold many ...v times since the discovery of their bones, January 25. The manner in which Captain Phillips recruited his rangers and led them against the savages, only to find himself entrapp¬ ed in a burning fort with no choice save surrender has become familiar. The savage manner in which the helplessly bound prisoners were tied to saplings to serve as living targets for the archery of the savages has tilled every heart with horror. So much is common knowlede. But the unquestioned bravery of the ten men who set out to patrol a' wide and trackless forest, will never be describ-, ed. Tne dogged persistence wit which the rangers defended thei little fort against hopeless odds ca: not be told; the dauntless courag< with which they met their fate is nov almost unknown. These heroi qualities form the real story of tot Phillips’ Scouts, and will be remem¬ bered long after the cruel facts have: *been forgotten.

SAXTON

VAULT

B&ONZE TAB Em THE B RD INQUIRER, AUGUST 4, 1933

Booklet Published by Inquirer Printing Company, Compiled by Annie M. Gilchrist L,jERECTED 1758 *JHE scenic beauty of Western Pennsylvania is H unsurpassed and Bedford County in its forty yPles of length, from north to south, and its twenty- five miles of width, is one of the most picturesque. Its mountains are well timbered and rich in min¬ erals, while its valleys are fertile and most produc¬ tive. Ray’s Hill on the east and the Alleghenies on the west are the boundaries and-in between lie Warrior’s Ridge, Tussey’s, Evitt’s, Dunning’s, Will’s and Buffalo mountains. This part of “Penn’s Woods” was purchased by William Penn from the Six Nations (Indians) in 1754 and 1768, the “mother county” being named in honor of the Duke f Bedford. The roads, in most places, are over \ igh ground, as they were formerly the Indian trails, and both east and west of Bedford much of the Highways follows the “first settlers’ thoroughfares.” Occasionally some farmer, in his plowing, will un¬ earth arrowheads and other Indian relics have been found in this section.

FIRST SETTLERS

The first white explorers in the vicinity of Bed- >rd came about 1732, but of them nothing is town. In 1751 Robert Ray erected several build- js and the trading post became known as Rays- ;own. In 1752 came Garret Pendergrass, who bought the land from the Indians. This deed is on record in the Court House and very interesting it is. It is dated February 1770, and is recorded on page 58 of Book A; the paper is brown with age and erackles at a touch, the form quaint, but the writing is legible. The mark of Chief Anonguit is a turtle; Enishshera, or Capt. Henry Mountare’s signature is followed by the letters “H. M.,” and a circle within a circle marks the signature of Connehracahecat, the White Mingo. The date of recording is Sep¬ tember 19, 1772, before Arthur St. Clair, the first Prothonotary and Register of the county, who was a Captain and afterwards Major-General. Still later Pendergrass transferred to his son, Garrett^ Jr., “the land on both sides of the Raystown, con¬ taining 300 acres,” but did not long remain here and there were, evidently, no more English-speak¬ ing white settlers until the section was occupied by the vanguard of General Forbes’ army in 1758, when the Fort was erected. About that time the first taverns were built and soon the town became a stopping place for traders. Here was born Wil¬ liam Frazer, the first white child born in the county. A number of whites were massacred by Indians in this section. 9 THE OLD FORT

In 1758 the advance guard of the army of Gen¬ eral Forbes erected a fort at this place, it occupy¬ ing the ground between Richard, Penn and Thomas Streets and extending back to the river bank, cov¬ ering 7,000 square yards. That fall, Col. George Washington, with six thousand men, encamped there. The stronghold was named Fort Raystown, after the first settler, the village having been known by that name. The fort stood on the ground which is bounded on the north by the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River, on the east by what is now Richard Street, the west by Thomas Street (historians differ, some say it extended west only as far as Juliana, but it seems, according to old records, to have been nearer the spring at the foot of the hill.—Ed.), and on the south by Pitt Street,—the latter being then the Forbes road. The fort covered about 7,000 square yards. It had five bastions and places for the use of swivel guns, a gallery with loop holes extending from the central bastion on its north front down to the water’s edge, in order to secure water within this shelter in case of attack. The main gate was on the south side and it also had a smaller gate on the west side and a postern opening northward. Storehouses and hospitals were situated outside and to the southward of the front of the fort, nearing Penn Street. The fort was protected on the front and west side by a moat, eight feet deep and ten feet wide at the bottom and fifteen feet wide at the top. The fort became a ruin before the beginning of the Revolutionary War and was never rebuilt. The troops continued westward and erected and soon thereafter Fort Pitt was erected and named for the English Premier, William Pitt. In 1759 the name Fort Raystown was changed to Fort Bedford, in honor of the Duke of Bedford, who presented a beautiful English silk flag to the Commander, General Stanwix. This flag is in good condition, was recently presented to the state and is now preserved at Philadelphia by the State His¬ torical Society. In 1769 the Black Boys, a band of American rebels, captured the fort and freed a number of their companions who were in captivity for depredations. In 1771 the fort was dilapidated but for some years thereafter, when attacked by Indians, the settlers came here for protection. Bedford County was taken from Cumberland County in 1771 and was the “mother county” of more than twenty of the present counties. In 1772 there were 350 taxables, being principally Scotch- | Irish and Germans. The first court was held by !j Justices of the King in 1771. Bedford Manor was j( surveyed in 1761 and the town laid out in 1766, || of 200 lots, the streets being named, chiefly, for jl the members of the Penn family. Thru it flows the ! Raystown Branch of the Blue Juniata. THE EARLY TAVERNS

In 1755 Frederick Nawgel built a tavern on the property on West Pitt Street now owned by Ray Amick, and George Funk conducted an inn on the lot adjoining, owned by the heirs of the late Daniel Miller. On North Richard Street, on the site of the north wing of the Graystone Hotel, recently built, was a tavern whose proprietress was Mrs. Margaret Fraser and there, in 1759, William Fraser, the first white child born within the present limints of the county, first saw the light of day. The Anderson House, on East Pitt Street, where the Kiser dwelling now stands, was conducted by Elijah Adams. Prior to that time was erected the “Old Fort House” or ; “King’s House,” on the south side of East Pitt Street, (the present location of Shoemaker’s Drug Store), which was constantly occupied by British forces during the French and Indian War and was a refuge from the Indians until the fort was built in 1758. This later became the “Rising Sun Hotel.” The old Nagel House stood on the site of the present Washington Hotel and in 1777 (Dr.) Joseph

Dodridge, then a lad of eight years, stopped over night en route to school in Maryland from his home in Washington County. In 1824 he returned, seek¬ ing the tavern where he had his first taste of coffee, served “in a little cup which stood in a bigger one.” As he related the occurrence, the taste was nause¬ ating but, imitating his elders, he continued to drink, wondering when it would end, as the cup was immediately refilled. By watching the other guests attentively, he learned that the small cup, turned bottom upwards with the spoon across it, indicated that the guest (desired no more, to his great relief. There, also, on Christmas day 1829, Humphrey Dil¬ lon, proprietor, served his guests with strawberries and cream, the fruit having been grown on vines after the manner of house plants.

PILLORY AND WHIPPING POST I In the early days, these modes of punishment were common and even after the British yoke had been thrown off. . In 1780 an offender was sen¬ tenced to be taken to the whipping post and receive “21 lashes on his bare back, well laid on;” another directed to receive fifteen lashes, but the most extraordinary is a matter of record in the court minutes, stating that one should be “taken to the public whipping-post between the hours of 8 and 10, to receive 39 lashes well laid on on his bare back; immediately thereafter to be placed in the pillory for one hour, have his ears cut off and nailed to the post, and forfeit to the Commonwealth the sum of 15 pounds, being the value of the goods of Ludovick Fridline, which he was convicted of steal¬ ing, and pay costs” in addition. Another record shows a similar sentence imposed on a prisoner for horse stealing. Titles and quit-rents Ik w I Thomas and Richard Penn, for the sum thousand pounds, in November 1768 acquired the Indian title to an immense body of land in Pennsyl¬ vania and in February 1769, at their land office in Philadelphia, sold numerous tracts on the terms of five pounds sterling per hundred acres and one penny per acre as annual quit-rent. Often the i quit-rents were a small acknowledgement of corn, a sheaf of wheat, etc. A deed dated May 25, 1793, recorded in the office of Register Stewart, in which the Proprietaries conveyed to Samuel McCashlin of the town of Bed¬ ford, for the sum of fifteen pounds current money of Pennsylvania, lot number 27 in the general plan /of lots of Bedford, situated on the west side of Juliana Street, contains the following: “Yielding and paying unto the said John Penn, the elder, and John Penn, the younger, the yearly quit-rent of one pepper-corn on the first day of March of each year and every year forever here¬ after, if demanded.” The lot above referred to is that upon which now stands the Bedford Inquirer building. What a predicament should the heirs of the late Proprietaries demand back payment of pepper¬ corns! In 1784 annual quit-rents were discon¬ tinued but interest was demanded from the date of first improvement.

BEDFORD SPRINGS

At the Springs is the finest water golf course (18 holes) in the United States, a magnificent swim¬ ming pool, tennis court, etc. James Buchanan, for sixteen years previous to his election as president, was an annual visitor at our famous summer resort, during his term, and afterwards, as well. It is on this property, east of the Limestone Spring, that the cave of Davy Lewis, “the Robin Hood of Pennsylvania,” is located. Lewis, was a robber bandit who, during the early years of the nineteenth century, used the cave as a hiding place. He entered the hill at that point (the entrance be¬ ing now about two feet in width, under a ledge of rock on the east side of Constitution Hill) but was never seen to emerge, proving that the exit is, as many local people know, on the west side of the opposite,—Federal,—Hill. He was in the habit of robbing the rich and leaving the booty at the homes of the poor. Lewis made his first appearance here in 1815, when he was arrested for passing counter¬ feit coins. He escaped from jail by burrowing un¬ der the walls after cutting thru the solid oak floor, and released all the prisoners except one, stating that “he was a common fellow who had robbed a poor widow.” Twenty-four hours later on Sideling Hill he relieved a merchant of $1,800 and, pursued, disguised himself and with great de¬ light joined them in chasing “the bold bandit.” 1 Notes of Interest The highest point in the county is near Pavia,— j , 3,165 feet; on Martin Hill, 3,075 feet; at the Bedford-Soraerset line, 2,589 feet; Grand View is 2,464 feet, and at the Bedford-Fulton line, 1,957 feet, according to State Highway surveys. The elevation of Bedford is 1,108 feet (at the Court House). — I :• First newspapers were established: 1805, Ga¬ zette; 1812, Inquirer. First schools were built about 1800 with the first established school in Bedford in 1810. First bank, 1815, in the building now known as the Community Centre, the “home” of various or¬ ganizations. The first protestant church was built in 1770 by Lutherans and Reformeds. The first services were held in the fort in 1758. The oldest building in the county is the church in the old graveyard at Schells- 1 burg, built in 1806, still in wonderful condition. There are graves older than the church and several Indians, also, interred there. In 1793 the Friends built a church on Dunning’s Creek. The first Cath¬ olic church was built in 1822 and still stands on East Street, Bedford, now occupied as a dwelling. The first court house and jail, combined, built in 1773; the present court house in 1828; the present jail, Thomas and Penn Streets, in 1895. The first ^execution for crime, and the only one under the ^aw. In the county, was that of James Rice ip 1842 for the ni'jrder of James McBurney, a trader, oh Ray’s Hill. Tradition tells of th6 fexecution, by military law, of a German soldier* a tailor here, in 1760. He was hanged on a locust tree where is now the corner of Richard and John Streets. He is said to have sat in the cart on his coffin, smoking his pipe non¬ chalantly; when the cart was driven from under him, the rope snapped, letting him fall and he jumped up, cursing the awkwardness that had broken his pipe. About a mile and a half northeast of Bedford is the Chalybeate Spring, surrounded with bog iron ore. When digging out this spring, many years ago, part of the skeleton of a prehistoric animal was un¬ earthed. The spring is owned by the Hafer heirs, of Bedford, and the water is of great medicinal value. In July 1763, Colonel Boquet (who had charge of the Pennsylvania troops when J’ort Bedford and the Forbes road were built) again passed thru here, with two regiments of regulars and a large convoy of provisions, to relieve the beleaguered garrison at Fort Pitt. The first term of court was held on Tuesday, April 16, 1771, before six “Justices of our Lord the King” and the first business was to divide the county into townships. In November 1789, Hugh Barclay was commis¬ sioned the first postmaster of Bedford. He erected the dwelling, known locally as “The Grove,” about 1794. The present postmaster is William Brice, Jr. /A lervice ler Country’s Wars St* Within ten days after the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775) the news had reached the Pennsyl¬ vania province and her first rifle battalion was ready for the field. Col. William Thompson of Carlisle (a resident of Bedford in 1769) was in charge and the company formed of Bedford County men i Its Ml was under the command of Capt. Robert Cluggage. Robert Magaw, of Carlisle, the first attorney admit¬ ted to practice in Bedford County (April 1771), served as First Major. They were the first Com¬ panies south of the Hudson to arrive in Massachu¬ setts and attracted considerable attention. A company of Bedford County soldiers, under Captain Solomon Sparks, served in the War of 1812. At that time the payroll was: Captains $40, lieu¬ tenants $30, ensigns $20, sergeants $8, corporals and musicians $7.33; privates $6.66. The commis¬ sioned officers and musicians carried rifles as well as the non-coms and privates. About 80 men, besides the officers, comprised a company of volunteers from this county who served in the war with Mexico. It was a part of the Sec¬ ond Regiment, which won imperishable fame as the first regiment to enter within the walls of the Mexi¬ can capital, and the Bedford company was in the “storming party” at the Battle of Chapultepec, and many were killed or wounded. President Lincoln’s first call for troops was re¬ sponded to by Bedford County men, and on April 25, 1861, the first company, under Capt. J. H. Filler, left Bedford. Hundreds of brave men from this section took part in the Civil War. Even before the United States entered the World War, a number of the county’s sons and daughters were in the service of the Allies. Upon our en¬ trance, hundreds enlisted and including those later called by their country, Bedford ranks among the highest in point of number. Many saw service over¬ seas, nurses as well as soldiers and sailors. Bed¬ ford Borough alone lost five brave boys and a nurse, in whose memory a beautiful native rock with a bronze tablet thereon has been erected in Federal Square in front of the Post Office.

BEDFORD’S ADVANTAGES

The present population of Bedford is more than 2,950. It has three banks, two newspapers, seven hotels, a summer resort, seven churches, a baseball park, county fairground, moving picture theatre, numerous garages and up-to-date stores, grade school building, new Senior and Junior High School building, Legion Boys’ Band, a Chamber of Com¬ merce, Automobile Club, a handsome Federal building, ice plant, milk plant, the only peanut fac¬ tory in the U. S., public library, wholesale house, electric light plant, a charging station of the A. T. and T. Company, (the largest between Philadelphia nnH Pit.tsburtrhl.

> Va> ♦ ■

. ELQ \" ^*^'~**

• ' ■- * ,& ■ . .

BM WV