STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE i

“A people who have not the pride to record their History will not long have virtues to make History worth recording; and Introduction no people who At the rear of Old Main at Bethany College, the sun shines through are indifferent an arcade. This passageway is filled with students today, just as it was more than a hundred years ago, as shown in a c.1885 photograph. to their past During my several visits to this college, I have lingered here enjoying the light and the student activity. It reminds me that we are part of the past need hope to as well as today. People can connect to historic resources through their make their character and setting as well as the stories they tell and the memories they make. future great.” The National Register of Historic Places recognizes historic re- sources such as Old Main. In 2000, the State Historic Preservation Office Virgil A. Lewis, first published Historic West Virginia which provided brief descriptions noted historian of our state’s National Register listings. This second edition adds approx- Mason County, imately 265 new listings, including the Huntington home of Civil Rights West Virginia activist Memphis Tennessee Garrison, the New River Gorge Bridge, Camp Caesar in Webster County, Fort Mill Ridge in Hampshire County, the Ananias Pitsenbarger Farm in Pendleton County and the Nuttallburg Coal Mining Complex in Fayette County. Each reveals the richness of our past and celebrates the stories and accomplishments of our citizens. I hope you enjoy and learn from Historic West Virginia.

Susan M. Pierce Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer ii WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE iii

the nomination process. Upon passage Criteria for Evaluation Overview of the of the National Historic Preservation National Register Act of 1966, the West Virginia Antiqui- The National Register of Historic Places ties Commission assumed the respon- uses four criteria to determine if proper- of Historic Places sibilities of survey and nomination of ties are eligible to be listed in the regis- the state’s historic resources. With the ter; properties are required to meet only creation of the Department, now Divi- one criterion for listing. The nomination The National Register of Historic Plac- sion, of Culture and History, the Histor- es is the official Federal list of districts, documents the property’s significance, ic Preservation Section took on these and includes a justification as to why the sites, buildings, structures and objects functions. significant in American history, archi- property is eligible for inclusion in the tecture, archeology, engineering, and National Register under one of the four The West Virginia State Historic Preser- criteria listed below. culture. These resources help us under- vation Office (WV SHPO) requests the stand the historical and cultural foun- completion of a WV Historic Property Criterion A: EVENTS - Properties that dations of our nation. Before the estab- to the nominations. Objections must be Inventory Form, an Archaeological Site are associated with events that have lishment of the National Register, our notarized. The property owner(s) will Form or Cemetery Form to conduct a made a significant contribution to the country experienced a variety of public receive written notification of the date, preliminary evaluation of a property’s broad patterns of our history. and private efforts to protect our his- significance. This evaluation follows the time and location of the Archives and toric resources. The Antiquities Act of History Commission’s meeting to con- National Register Criteria for Evaluation Criterion B: PERSONS - Properties that 1906 authorized the President to protect sider the nomination. For a nomination and considers the historic significance, are associated with the lives of persons historic resources on lands owned or with more than 50 property owners, integrity and age of the resource. While significant in our past. controlled by the Government and the there are exceptions, resources must be individual notices are not required. In- Historic Sites Act of 1935 established stead, the WV SHPO provides a general at least 50 years old to be listed. If pre- Criterion C: ARCHITECTURE - Prop- the National Historic Landmarks Pro- notice in the appropriate newspaper. liminary review is favorable, anyone can erties that embody the distinctive char- gram. The National Historic Preserva- Although not required, the nomination complete the nomination form although acteristics of a type, period, or method tion Act of 1966 authorized the National sponsor and the SHPO may host a pub- it is helpful to use qualified profession- of construction or that represent the Register of Historic Places, expanding lic meeting to explain the nomination als. The preparer is urged to work in work of a master, or that possess high Federal recognition to historic proper- process and the benefits of listing. The cooperation with the WV SHPO staff. artistic values, or that represent a signif- ties of local and State significance, not applicable chief elected officials of the Funding assistance for completion of a icant and distinguishable entity whose just national significance. The following county and municipal political jurisdic- National Register nomination form is components may lack individual distinc- is a summary of the nomination process tion in which the property is located are available through the Survey and Plan- tion. and the National Register Criteria for ning Grant program. also notified. Evaluation. More information can be Criterion D: INFORMATION - Proper- found at www.wvculture.org or www. Upon approval by the WV Archives and Upon completion of a final draft, the ties that have yielded, or may be likely to nps.gov/nr. The nomination process fol- History Commission, the WV SHPO West Virginia Archives and History yield, information important in pre- lows regulations found in 36 CFR 60. staff will make any final corrections and Commission must review and approve his¬tory or history. the nomination at one of its regularly changes before sending the nomination package to the National Park Service for Nomination Process scheduled meetings before it is forward- A property must – in most cases – be review and approval. (Sometimes the ed to the National Park Service. Prior to at least 50 years of age or more to be Commission may table the nomination The National Register program is ad- the meeting, the WV SHPO must notify considered for listing in the National and ask for more information prior to ministered by the National Park Service, the public at least 30 days but not more Register. In addition to meeting at least approval.) Upon receipt, the NPS staff U.S. Department of the Interior, which than 75 days in advance. This notifica- one of the criteria of evaluation and the have 45 days to review and comment. established the nomination process tion provides an opportunity for written age requirement, a property must pos- Final approval is published in the Feder- and the criteria for eligibility. The State comments and the owners of private sess integrity or be relatively intact in al Register. Historic Preservation Office oversees property to concur or object in writing terms of the following qualities: setting, iv WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE v

location, design, feeling, workmanship, directly associated with his or her pro- Design is the combination of elements Feeling is a property’s expression of the materials, and association. ductive life. that create the form, plan, space, struc- aesthetic or historic sense of a partic- ture, and style of a property. ular period of time. It results from the Criteria Considerations D. A cemetery which derives its prima- presence of physical features that, taken ry significance from graves of persons Setting is the physical environment of a together, convey the property’s historic of transcendent importance, from age, historic property. Whereas location re- character. Certain property types from distinctive design features, or from fers to the specific place where a proper- are not considered association with historic events. ty was built or an event occurred, setting Association is the direct link between eligible for listing on refers to the character of the place in an important historic event or person the National Register. E. A reconstructed building when ac- which the property played its historical and a historic property. A property These include: ceme- curately executed in a suitable environ- role. retains association if it is the place where teries, birthplaces, or ment and presented in a dignified man- the event or activity occurred and is graves of historical fig- ner as part of a restoration master plan, Materials are the physical elements that sufficiently intact to convey that rela- ures; properties owned and when no other building or structure were combined or deposited during a tionship to an observer. by religious institutions with the same association has survived. particular period of time and in a partic- or used for religious ular pattern or configuration to form a purposes; structures Benefits and Facts about F. A property primarily com¬memora- historic property. that have been moved tive in intent if design, age, tradition, or Listing from their original symbolic value has invested it with its Workmanship is the physical evidence location; reconstruct- own historical significance. of the crafts of a particular culture or ed historic buildings; Listing on the National Register: people during any given period in histo- properties primarily G. A property achieving significance ry or prehistory. commemorative in - provides the property with prestige and within the past 50 years if it is of excep- nature; and properties recognition of its local, state, or national tional importance. that have achieved significance within significance. the past 50 years. However, such proper- ties will qualify if they are integral parts Aspects of Integrity - provides limited protection from ad- of districts that do meet the criteria or verse effects caused by federally funded if they fall within one of the following Integrity is the ability of a property to or licensed projects. categories: convey its significance. To be listed in the National Register of Historic Places, - allows owners who rehabilitate in- A. A religious property deriving pri- a property must not only meet one or come-producing property according to mary significance from architectural or more of the National Register Criteria, Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for artistic distinction or historical impor- it must also have integrity. The National Rehabilitation to claim a 20% invest- tance. Park Service recognizes seven aspects or ment tax credit on the cost of completed qualities, that in various combinations, work on federal taxes, and 10% on West B. A building or structure removed represent integrity. Virginia state taxes, if certified by the from its original location but which is National Park Service. significant primarily for architectural Location is the place where the historic value, or which is the surviving struc- property was constructed or the place - allows residential owners a 20% tax ture most importantly associated with a where the historic event occurred. The credit towards West Virginia state in- historic person or event. relationship between the property and come taxes, if the building rehabilitation its location is often important to under- activity is certified by the State Historic C. A birthplace or grave of a historical standing why the property was created Preservation Office. figure of outstanding importance if there or why something happened. is no other appropriate site or building - allows property owners the opportuni- vi WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE vii

- require tours of the property or open it Bulltown Multiple Resource Area to the public. Multiple Property Listings The resources associated with this sub- - guarantee funds for restoration. mission are located within the park-like setting of the Bulltown Historic Area The National Register of Historic Places - provide a historic marker or plaque for and are interpreted and maintained by recognizes both individual resources and the property. the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The multiple properties. While an historic components are integral to the under- district nomination includes multiple re- More information about the state histor- standing of the Civil War and subsis- sources within a contiguous area such as ic preservation programs is available at tence farming in central West Virginia. a residential neighborhood, the Multiple www.wvculture.org/shpo. The National (6/26/84) Park Service provides in depth discus- Property Documentation Form (MPDF) organizes resources thematically. The sion regarding the nomination process Cunningham House and Outbuildings, cover document for a multiple property at www.nps.gov/nr. National Register Napier Vicinity, Braxton County listing is not a nomination itself, but es- Bulletin 15, How to Apply the Nation- Union Civil War Fortification, Napier tablishes the basis to evaluate the eligi- al Register Criteria for Evaluation, and Vicinity, Braxton County Bulletin 16A, How to Complete the bility of the thematically-related historic properties. National Register Registration Form, are Coal Company Stores in key references. The boundaries of the individual re- McDowell County ty to apply for matching grant-in-aid for sources within a multiple property list- restoration/rehabilitation when funding ing are not contiguous. For example, the is available through the State Develop- State Historic Preservation Office com- ment Grant Program. pleted a survey of New Deal Resources in West Virginia State Parks and State Listing in the National Register Forests documenting individual build- does not: ings, structures and objects found across the state. The research completed during - restrict the use of the property or pre- this effort was used to develop the cover vent alteration to the structure, except in document which explains the signifi- cases of federal or state assistance such cance of the buildings and structures Algoma Coal and Coke Company Store as funding or permitting. constructed during the New Deal and Civil Conservation Corps efforts in West Exploration of southern West Virginia’s - restrict the sale of private property, un- Virginia. Resources within various state coal seams in the late nineteenth cen- less it is under a federal or state agency’s parks are listed. Another example, the tury revealed high quality bituminous jurisdiction. County Courthouses of West Virginia cover document discusses the history of coal in much of the area including most of McDowell County. Railroad and - require continued and/or perpetual local government; the individual nomi- landholding companies helped extend maintenance of the property. nations are the courthouses. industrial development into this part of the state. Coal operators established new - require that any specific guidelines be The following are the multiple property mines, but the area was sparsely settled followed in rehabilitating the property, submissions listed in the National Reg- with few organized communities. Good unless the owner is using federal or state ister of Historic Places to date. Informa- roads were scarce and the rugged terrain funds or is seeking a historic rehabilita- tion about the individual resources can made the daily transportation of em- tion investment tax credit. be found in the county descriptions. viii WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE ix

ployees impossible. In response to these structed by the Civilian Conservation these buildings stand out in their rural Barbour County conditions, the operators also developed Corps’ (CCC) Camp Rhododendron for communities. When the first county Dents Run Covered Bridge, Laurel Point company towns to sustain the work the Coopers Rock State Forest between courthouses were constructed, commer- Vicinity, Monongalia County force. In addition to the years 1936 and cial areas developed nearby, populations Fish Creek Covered Bridge, Hundred houses, churches, 1942. The resources increased, and town squares were estab- Vicinity, Wetzel County and schools, the are significant for lished. The building became the focal Fletcher Covered Bridge, Maken Vicini- company town also their relationship point of the community. Today, West ty, Harrison County include a company with the CCC and Virginia’s county courthouses remain a Herns Mill Covered Bridge, Lewisburg store. Depression Era significant feature in the county’s built Vicinity, Greenbrier County New Deal public environment. (8/25/2004) Hokes Mill Covered Bridge, Lewisburg Following the com- works program. Vicinity, Greenbrier County pletion of a multi Each resource still Hampshire County Courthouse, Mud River Covered Bridge, Milton, Ca- county survey effort embodies President Romney bell County (moved) in southern West Franklin D. Roo- Mineral County Courthouse, Keyser Philippi Covered Bridge, Philippi, Bar- Virginia conducted Cooper’s Rock State Forest Superintendent’s sevelt’s “one with Pleasants County Courthouse, St. Mary’s bour County (reconstructed) by the State His- House nature” ideology. Ritchie County Courthouse, Harrisville Simpson Creek Covered Bridge, Bridge- toric Preservation (5/15/1991) Wirt County Courthouse, Elizabeth port Vicinity, Harrison County Office, National Register nominations were developed for company stores in Camp Rhododendron (In addition to this effort, an additional McDowell County. These stores were Cooper’s Rock State Forest Superinten- fifteen county courthouses are listed as integral to the towns developed by com- dent’s House and Garage part of historic districts. 27 were listed panies to support the miners and their individually prior to the multiple prop- families. Since the nomination efforts County Courthouses of West erty cover document.) of 1992, some stores have been demol- Virginia ished. (2/10/1992) Covered Bridges of West Virginia The courthouse is the primary building Algoma Coal and Coke Company Store, in each county. Although in many cases, With the development of the transpor- Algoma the existing courthouse is not the coun- tation systems in the state, the bridges Ashland Coal Company Store, Ashland ty’s first, it is associated with the polit- offered easy access across small streams Simpson Creek Covered Bridge Carter Coal Company Store, Caretta ical tendency to form a local govern- and rivers. It was the county courts who Houston Coal Company Store, Kimball ment in western Virginia as populations usually assigned a committee to prepare Sarvis Fork Covered Bridge, Sandyville Page Coal and Coke Company Store, increased. Citizens desired close access recommendations for the erection of the Vicinity, Jackson County Pageton to civil government and were hopeful bridges. Bids were then arranged and a Staats Mill Covered Bridge, Cedar Lakes, Peerless Coal Company Store, Vivian of economic and political benefits that contract was awarded, generally for both Jackson County (moved) Pocahontas Fuel Company Store and a county seat would bring to the area. the masonry work and the wooden su- Walkersville Covered Bridge, Walkers- Office Buildings, Jenkinjones County courthouses are the material evi- perstructure. While many local builders ville Vicinity, Lewis County Pocahontas Fuel Company Store, dence of the county’s population growth worked on the various covered bridges, Switchback and a symbol of the residents’ values. it is Lemuel Chenoweth who has been Hatfield Cemeteries in noted as the prominent builder, espe- Southwestern West Virginia Coopers Rock State Forest The buildings also display architectural cially along the Staunton to Parkersburg Historic Resources styles popular for public buildings at the turnpike. (6/4/1981) The famous late-nineteenth century feud time, including Neoclassical Revival, between the Hatfields of West Virginia This Multiple Property Submission Beaux Arts, and Romanesque Revival. Barrackville Covered Bridge, Barrack- and the McCoys of Kentucky flared into includes all recreational facilities and Although sometimes a vernacular inter- ville, Marion County a murderous fury with the murder of the landscape design elements con- pretation of the high-style architecture, Carrollton Covered Bridge, Carrollton, Ellison Hatfield in 1882 and the subse- x WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE xi

quent execution of three McCoys. The Stone Arch Bridge. Contracts to begin Country Club Hill Historic District Edgewood (John Boyd House), Bunker feud gained national and attention. This construction on the road were given out Easley House Hill documents the cemeteries of members in 1811 and the road was completed to Jefferson Street Historic District Faraway Farm, Martinsburg Vicinity of the Hatfield family who were also Wheeling by 1818. Surviving features of South Bluefield Historic District Green Hill Cemetery Historic District, significant as early settlers of this region. the early road include the retaining walls Martinsburg (11/28/1980) and mile markers. The road attracted Historic Resources of Berkeley Harlan Spring Historic District, Hedges- increased development along its length. County, West Virginia ville Hatfield Cemetery, New Town Vicinity, Both Shepherd Hall and Elm Grove Harmony Cemetery, Marlowe Vicinity Mingo County Stone Arch Bridge are individually listed Completed in Hedges-Robin- Hatfield Cemetery, Sarah Ann Vicinity, in the National Register, but the follow- 1980, the Berkeley son-Myers House, Logan County ing resources are listed in association County MRA was Hedgesville Vicin- with this multiple property submission. one of the first ity Historic and Architectural (2/11/1993) Multiple Resource Hedgesville His- Resources along the National listings to rec- toric District, Feay Inn, Wheeling ognize a broad Hedgesville Road in Ohio County, National Road Corridor Jones Mill Run West Virginia range of proper- Historic District, Wheeling ties county-wide. Historic District, National Road Mile Mark- Individual nomi- Martinsburg Vi- Early westward expansion ers, Mt. Echo to Triadel- cinity demanded navigable trans- nations associated Bunker Hill Historic District phia with this project Maidstone Manor portation routes. The ma- Stone Tavern at Roney’s Farm (William R. jor obstacle to the devel- represent many of the oldest residences Point, Roney’s Point Vicin- in the state, as well as early mills, bridg- Leigh House), Marlowe Vicinity opment of a west-bound ity Mill Creek Historic District, Bunker Hill roadway was its cost. es, churches, and farms. This extensive series of nominations was completed Mount Zion Baptist Church, Martins- Albert Gallatin, Secretary burg Vicinity of the Treasury devised Historic and Archi- during the early years of the National tectural Resources of Register program. (12/10/1980) Myers House, Martinsburg a plan to fund the road Power Plant and Dam No. 4, Shepherd- project. If the participat- South Bluefield, West Aspen Hall (Edward Beeson House), stown Vicinity ing states exempted lands Virginia Power Plant and Dam #5, Marlowe Vi- sold by the United States Martinsburg B&O Railroad and Related Industries cinity Congress from taxation for National Road Mile Marker This multiple property Historic District, Martinsburg Red Bud Hollow, Martinsburg Vicinity ten years, then five percent cover document is based Boomtown Historic District, Martins- Ridge Road Historic District, Nollville of the net proceeds from the land sales on an historic resource survey of South burg Vicinity would be used for the construction of Bluefield conducted in 1990-1991. Sev- Boydville Historic District, Martinsburg South Water Street Historic District, the roads. The National Road was laid eral themes were identified: the growth Bunker Hill Historic District, Bunker Martinsburg out beginning in Cumberland, Maryland of residential areas due to city expansion Hill Swan Pond Manor Historic District, and travelling westward to the State of 1900-1940; development associated with Campbellton, Gerrardstown Vicinity Martinsburg Vicinity Ohio through western Virginia. During the West Virginia Hotel and downtown Continental Clay Brick Plant, Martins- Teter-Myers-French House (Peter Sper- design, it was decided that Wheeling revitalization efforts 1923-1935; and burg ow House), Hedgesville Vicinity would be the site of the Ohio River the works of Alex B. Mahood, architect Darkesville Historic District, Darkesville Tuscarora Creek Historic District, Mar- crossing. Moses and Lydia Shepherd of 1912-1940. Significant architectural Downtown Martinsburg Historic Dis- tinsburg Vicinity Shepherd Hall lobbied Henry Clay to styles include Colonial Revival, Neoclas- trict, Martinsburg A.Whitebush (Archibald Sheerer select Wheeling as the terminus of the sical and early 20th century styles such as John Drinker House, Bunker Hill House), Falling Waters road. Shepherd constructed the bridges Four Square or Bungalow. (7/29/1992) East Martinsburg Historic District, Mar- for the road, including the Elm Grove tinsburg xii WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE xiii

Historic Resources of Downtown Smoot Theatre hontas County as a wildlife and timber New Deal Resources in Lost River State Parkersburg Trinity Episcopal Church Rectory preserve. The Commission recommend- Park Historic District, Mathias vicinity, Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church ed areas of “outstanding scenic and nat- Hardy County This multiple property nomination effort Union Trust and Deposit Company/ ural attractiveness” to be purchased and New Deal Resources in Watoga State identified historic resources within the Union Trust National Bank administered by the Commission. These Park Historic District, Marlinton vicini- downtown of Parkersburg that contrib- sites combined formed the basis of West ty, Pocahontas County ute to its history. They were selected for Historic Resources of Pleasant Virginia’s current state park system. their architectural and historic signifi- Avenue Rockshelters on the Gauley cance. The history of Parkersburg is con- In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Ranger District, Monongahela nected to its location on the Ohio River, Pleasant Avenue, a paved brick street on Corps and other Federal programs were formed under President Roosevelt to National Forest railroad access and its role in the area’s the east side of the city, skirts a low bluff th alleviate unemployment early 20 century oil industry. Many broken by ravines. The resulting “fin- Located in the Gauley th while developing long- historic resources were lost to mid-20 gers” of land were developed as country Ranger District, these re- th term natural resources century urban renewal. This nomination homes for town residents in the late 19 sources were recognized and recreational opportu- effort stressed the importance of the century. The high styles of architecture for their ability to provide nities. That same year, the remaining resources. (10/8/1982 and reflect the wealth and prominence of an understanding of the West Virginia Legislature 12/10/1982) these leaders of business and industry in prehistory of the Allegh- established the Division of Wellsburg. (5/16/1986) eny Plateau highlands. State Parks hoping to uti- Blennerhassett Hotel These sites can provide lize the CCC, WPA, and Hawks Nest Carnegie Library Beallmore information about the other Federal programs Elks Club Brooke Cemetery cultural history of this to continue developing the state park First Baptist General I.H. Duval region of West Virginia. (6/3/1993) Church Mansion system. The State provided $75,000 for land purchases and the NPS provided First Presbyterian Elmhurst Laurel Run Rockshelter, Coe Vicinity, the technical knowledge through engi- Church/Calvary David and Lucy Webster County neers, planners, architects and others Temple Evangelical Tarr Fleming Man- Craig Run East Fork Rockshelter, Mills who designed the state parks. Hundreds Church sion Mountain Vicinity, Nicholas County Gould House/ Lewis Hall Man- of young men employed by New Deal re- lief programs in West Virginia were put Greater Parkers- sion Round and Polygonal Barns of burg Chamber of Kirker House to work in the state’s parks and forests. Commerce Harry and Lou- West Virginia House at 10th isiana Beall Paul Portions of the following state parks Round and polygonal barns represent Avenue and Avery Mansion (“Morn- that represent these efforts are listed in the early application of industrial effi- Street Beallmore ingside”) the National Register. Later additions ciency and scientific research into the Logan Memorial Lucy Tarr Mansion to the park boundary may be excluded. world of farming. Popular during the United Methodist Church (Henry Logan The cover document identifies addition- second half of the 19th century and the Memorial AME Church) al parks which are eligible for listing. New Deal Resources in West first decades of the 20th century, they Masonic Temple (7/5/2011) Virginia State Parks and State were recommended as more wind resis- Mather Building (Franklin & DeHaven tant than a square or rectangular barn, Jewelers) Forests New Deal Resources in Hawk’s Nest less expensive and more space efficient. Oeldorf Building/Wetherall’s Jewelers’s State Park Historic District, Ansted The state parks and forest system in A total of 13 are believed to have been Parkersburg Woman’s Club vicinity, Fayette County West Virginia began in January 1925 built in West Virginia; three remain. Quaker State Windmill New Deal Resources in Holly River State when the State Game, Fish, and Forestry (7/9/1985) Sharon Lodge No. 28 IOOF Park Historic District, Hacker Valley Commission purchased land in Poca- Sixth Street Railroad Bridge vicinity, Webster County xiv WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE xv

Hamilton Round Barn, Mannington Fort Pleasant (Isaac Van Meter House), the land became attractive to homeown- the National Park Service a nomination Vicinity, Marion County Moorefield Vicinity, Hardy County ers and was incorporated into the city in for four Neoclassical Revival buildings Ralphsnyder Decagonal Barn, Mason- Franklin Historic District, Franklin, 1907. (11/26/1984) located on West Virginia University’s town Vicinity, Preston County Pendleton County campus in Morgantown. These four Rankin Octagonal Barn, Silverton Vicin- Hermitage Motor Inn, Petersburg, Grant Barnes-Wellford House buildings represent a second period of ity, Jackson County County “Bird Haven” construction on campus in the begin- Hickory Hill, Moorefield Vicinity, Hardy Bougemont Complex ning decades of the 20th century and the County “Briarwood” (R.H. Merrill House) expansion of services on campus. It also Inskeep House, Moorefield Vicinity, Chesapeake and Ohio Depot recognized the increased role of women. Hardy County W. E. Chilton II House (12/19/1985) McCoy Mill, Franklin Vicinity, Pendle- Cox-Parks House ton County Crawford-Gardner House Elizabeth Moore Hall “The Meadows,” Moorefield Vicinity, Dalgain Oglebay Hall Hardy County Danner-Fletcher House Purinton House Mill Island (Seymour Family House), William S. Gilliland Log Cabin and Stalnaker Hall (Woman’s Hall) Moorefield Vicinity, Hardy County Cemetery Moorefield Historic District, Moorefield Grosscup Road Historic District Vicinity, Hardy County Home Hill (Cox-Morton House) Oakland Hall, Moorefield Vicinity, Har- McAndrews-Gallaher House Rankin Octagonal Barn dy County “Stoneleigh” (Ward-Payne House) Old Judy Church, Petersburg Vicinity, Thomas-McJunkin-Love House South Branch Valley Multiple Pendleton County Resource Area Old Probst Church, Brandywine Vicini- West Virginia University Historic ty, Pendleton County Properties The long narrow South Branch Valley is Pendleton County Poor Farm, Upper defined by the Allegheny and Shenan- Tract, Pendleton County In 1989, the WV SHPO submitted to This is the page doah Mountains. The area drained by Westfall Place, US 220, Moorefield Vi- the National Park Service a multiple the South Branch includes Pendleton, cinity, Hardy County property documentation form for West where I could use a “The Willows” (Randolph House), Grant, Hardy, and Hampshire Counties. Virginia University properties which are photo of South Hills or The valley is primarily agricultural and is Moorefield Vicinity, Hardy County scattered through the state, but primar- noted for its prosperous farms and sce- Willow Wall, (McNeil Family House) ily located on campus in Morgantown. WVU property, th Moorefield Vicinity, Hardy County nic beauty. Settled in the mid-18 cen- Many were listed individually. The cover or both tury, the early log and stone houses and Wilson-Kuykendall Farm, Moorefield document discusses education at WVU resources date from this period, with a Vicinity, Hardy County and the architectural history associat- second wave of Greek Revival construc- ed with the university. Men’s Hall on tion in the mid-19th century. (1/14/1986) South Hills Multiple Resource campus was listed associated with this Area (MRA) document. (2/5/1990) Judge J.W.F. Allen House (“Ingleside”), Moorefield Vicinity, Hardy County The section of Charleston known as Men’s Hall Bowers House, Sugar Grove, Pendleton South Hills is a significant early subur- County ban development which was the result of West Virginia University Neo- Buena Vista Farms, Moorefield Vicinity, the city’s economic prosperity in the late classical Revival Buildings Hardy County 19th and early 20th centuries. After com- Cunningham-Hevener House, Upper pletion of the South Side Bridge in 1891, In 1985, the WV SHPO submitted to Tract, Pendleton County xvi WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 1 Barbour County Elk City Belington J.N.B. Crim House The Crim House was constructed c. 1875 for J.N.B. Crim, Elk City merchant, Bernard E. Wilmoth House banker, and one-time Mayor of Philip- Along with seven others, Bernard E. pi. The two-story, brick Italianate-style Wilmoth, a locomotive engineer on the house features decorative brackets and Monongah Division of the Baltimore & gabled wall dormers. (8/24/1984) Ohio Railroad, purchased property in Belington in 1894 from the Tygart Coal Company. His house was completed in 1913 and is an example of the transition from Queen Anne architecture to the emergent Craftsman style. The property also includes the original one-story car- riage house built in the same style as the home. (11/30/2005)

Berryburg Vicinity

Adaland This Greek Revival c. 1868 residence stands high on a hill outside Philippi. Bernard E. Wilmouth House The L-shaped brick house has five bays on the front elevation highlighted by two-story pilasters and a Greek Revival Philippi doorway with transom and lights. The original owner, Augustus Modisett, was Barbour County Courthouse a farmer, businessman, and county sher- When Barbour County was formed in iff during the mid-1860s. (4/14/1995) 1843, a plat of land was deeded to the new county and a courthouse construct- Carrollton ed. At the turn of the century, space and economy necessitated its replacement. Carrollton Covered Bridge The county hired architect J. Charles Spanning the Buckhannon River on Fulton, a significant architect in south- Middle Fork Road, this 140-foot board- western Pennsylvania and north cen- and-batten covered bridge was built in tral West Virginia, to design the new 1856. Contractors, Emmett and Daniel courthouse. Built between 1903-1905, O’Brien, used the patented Burr Arch the Romanesque Revival building is the with two multiple kingpost trusses. The focal point of Philippi, the county seat. bridge was modified in 1963 with a con- A colossal tower, steeply pitched wall crete deck and piers for support. Cov- dormers, and an octagonal turret are ered Bridges of West Virginia (6/4/1981) notable features. (2/22/1980) 2 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 3

Peck-Crim-Chesser House style depot features a red tile roof, deco- the early 20th century. Located on the Al- to the home is the older of the two and The Peck-Crim-Chesser House is a rative brackets, and curvilinear parapets. derson Broaddus campus above Philippi, the original home built by the Hayes well-preserved example of late 19th (5/16/1986) students moved into the dormitory in family in 1775. (11/21/1985) century Victorian architecture. It is a the fall of 1912. The Clarksburg-based massive two-story brick residence with Philippi Covered Bridge firm of Holmboe and Lafferty designed Baker Heights Vicinity multiple high pitched gables and tall The wooden two-lane covered bridge this Classical Revival building of white decorative brick chimneys with cor- crossing the Tygart Valley River was pressed brick with quoins on each cor- beled caps. The house was designed built in 1852 on the Beverly to Fairmont ner. The southeast façade features four Kearfott-Bane House This Queen Anne house was built on in the 1880s by Cora Crim Peck, the Road, which connected to the Staunton Ionic pilasters. (2/5/1990) property formerly owned by John Kear- daughter of a leading merchant, and - Parkersburg Turnpike. Contracts were fott, surveyor for Berkeley County. The Virginia Talbott Crim. Cora’s husband, awarded to Emmett O’Brien for the original Kearfott family home burned Melville, practiced law in Philippi and masonry work and Lemuel and Eli Che- Berkeley County in 1895 and the next owner, Ann Bane, served twice as mayor. Her brother, noweth, of Beverly, for the superstruc- built the present Edmond Hall Crim, later purchased the ture. The span of the bridge is 276 feet, Arden house in 1901. The home. He was the president of the First with a double barrel Burr arch truss. The plan has a rough National Bank and heir to the father’s bridge figured in an early campaign of Vicinity T-shape, with an business empire. His daughter, Lucille the Civil War in 1861 when Union Gen- L-shaped veran- Crim Chesser, lived in the house after eral George McClellan, concerned over Ar-Qua Springs da along the side his death. She served the community as Confederate raids against the B&O Rail- (Thomas and front that has a high school teacher, college professor, road, sent troops to secure the bridge Thornburgh decorative spool- a business woman managing the Crim and routed the Confederates under Col. ing. Outbuildings estate, and member of the Board of Gov- Benjamin Kelley. This first inland battle House) Ar-Qua Springs, on the property in- ernors of Alderson Broaddus College. secured the B&O Railroad in this section one of the oldest clude a large bank (8/23/1984) of western Virginia for the Union. The houses in Berkeley barn of post and bridge was reconstructed after signifi- County, was built beam construction cant fire damage in 1989. Covered Bridg- in the mid-18th Ar-Qua Springs and a later gazebo. es of West Virginia (9/14/1972) century for Quak- (7/8/1985) er, Thomas Thornbrough. The stone and Philippi Historic District log building served mainly as a farm- Bedington Vicinity Named after Phillip Pendleton Barbour, house, but also may have been used at an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme times as a meeting place for the early Court, the town is also famous as the lo- Quakers of the area. A two-story spring Lick Run Plantation cation of the first land battle of the Civil house, constructed of coursed rubble Peter Light, early Berkeley County War. A variety of styles are represented and with a gable roof, is located near the settler, established Lick Run Plantation in this county seat’s downtown including main house. (12/12/1976) as his home in the early 1770s. The late Italianate, Classical Revival, and Inter- Georgian home is two stories and re- Philippi B&O Railroad Station national. The residential section of the tains much of its original craftsmanship. district is lined with many Queen Anne Hayes-Pitzer House The stone kitchen is attached to the The Hayes-Pitzer House is a two-story, Philippi B&O Railroad Station and Italianate houses. (8/29/1990) house’s rear ell with a decorative porch five-bay, Federal period house built of The Philippi B&O Railroad Station was and breezeway. Major Henry Bedinger traditional rubble stone. This section the culmination of company and com- replaced the early log mill with the stone Whitescarver Hall of the house was built circa 1796 by munity efforts to open the Tygart Val- mill in 1816. The mill was one of the Whitescarver Hall, named after its bene- Michael Pitzer, a prosperous Berkeley ley to rail service. This line of the B&O more prominent commercial structures factor, George M. Whitescarver, served County farmer and second owner of the Railroad served the timber and coal in the area during the early 19th century. as the only residence hall for men during property. A small log structure attached industries. Built in 1911, the Mission Also on the property is a stone barn and 4 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 5

corn crib built by Peter Light in the late county is represented by Black Street Morgan, the first white settler in the Stephen constructed a second house 18th century. (1/12/1984) or Row, which once had a log house on area. The Bunker Hill mill complex was perpendicular to the original cabin and each lot. The town served a rural com- rebuilt after an 1875 fire and has two connected them with a breezeway. The Priscilla Strode Turner House munity, with several stores, churches iron overshot wheels. Historic Resources fourth owner, Washington Gold, en- This house was built c. 1850 for Priscilla and schools. Historic Resources of Berke- of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) larged the second house in 1856 and his Turner and embodies characteristics ley County (12/10/1980) son Samuel named the property “Golden of the Greek Revival style of architec- Bunker Hill Vicinity Meadows” when he made alterations in ture popular at the time. The five-bay, Edgewood (John Boyd House) 1870. Samuel connected the buildings two-story house was constructed of General Elisha Boyd built this brick and expanded the original cabin to two brick that was likely manufactured two-story Greek Revival house for his stories. Each of these men was prom- on the property. Architectural details son John in 1839. The property was part inent in the local community. Also on include a brick dentil cornice and a of a 1,400-acre plantation that General the property are two log outbuildings, rectangular transom, a hallmark of Boyd amassed on Mill Creek. During a modified log barn, and a granary. the style. Also of note is the two-story the Civil War, Stonewall Jackson and (7/8/1985) spring house built of native limestone. his troops camped on the lawn. In July (12/12/2004) 1863, General James Johnston Pettigrew William G. Morgan House was shot at Falling Waters and taken by (Morgan Acres) Berkeley Station Vicinity wagon to Edgewood, where he died in This two-story, Greek Revival house an upstairs bedroom. John Boyd lost the has a rectangular, central hall plan with home after the war, when it became the Morgan Chapel and Graveyard side wing. It was built in 1849 by Wil- Myers House property of Charles Faulkner. On the liam G. Morgan, the great-grandson of The Myers family settled along the rear of the property is a small log cabin. Morgan Morgan, one of West Virginia’s Opequon Creek and acquired large land Morgan Chapel and Graveyard Historic Resources of Berkeley County earliest recorded settlers. A small brick holdings. They built the c. 1817 Federal Attained for religious purposes in 1741, (12/10/1980) springhouse is located near the rear of brick house on a central hall plan, with the present building is at least the third the main house and dates from c. 1850. a second-floor ballroom. The Myers church on the property. The early log (1/12/1984) family was of Pennsylvania Dutch origin. Mill Creek Historic District chapel was replaced by a stone building This district had a large concentration Historic Resources of Berkeley County c. 1815, which preceded the current of mill buildings, including grist mills, (12/10/1980) brick church built in 1851. Many of John, David, and Jacob Rees chopping mills, and saw mills. Stephen- the area’s first families are buried in its House son Tavern, built in 1771, was a congre- Bunker Hill cemetery. Mill Creek Church was re- This house represents three distinct gating place for travelers and business- named Morgan Chapel for one of West periods and types of construction. The men. Morgan Park honors Col. Morgan Virginia’s earliest settlers, Morgan Mor- original log section of this house was Bunker Hill Historic District gan, and is a fine unaltered example of constructed c. 1760 by John Rees, an This district is located on Winchester a Greek Revival country church. A rear early Quaker settler. His son David con- Avenue, also known as the “Old Valley ell, which had penciled graffiti on the structed a stone addition in the Federal Road,” and is a collection of industrial, walls from Civil War Soldiers, has been style in 1791. In 1855 David’s grandson, residential, religious and commercial removed. The building suffered from Jacob, constructed the Greek Revival buildings spanning three centuries. cannon fire during the war and repaired brick section. (1/12/1984) There were once six mills located within areas can still be discerned. (1/12/1984) a mile along Mill Creek. General Elisha Darkesville Boyd operated two mills, a brick plant Morgan-Gold House and copper shop, and store along this A small single pen cabin was built by section of the creek in the 1830s. The early settler, David Morgan, on this Darkesville Historic District The town of Darkesville was laid out by history of “freed colored people” in the Bunker Hill Historic District property c. 1745. In 1809, Alexander James Buckles in 1790 on a plantation 6 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 7

acquired by his father, Robert Buckles, include three “H” chimneys and gently who sold it to Raleigh Colston. Raleigh Georgetown Vicinity a Revolutionary War veteran. Named arched windows. Adjacent are a bank gave the property to his son Edward, in honor of General William Darke, a barn and smokehouse, both contempo- who is attributed to building the house. gallant Revolutionary soldier, the town’s rary with the house. VanMetre contin- In 1875 the property was sold to the Tice Teter Myers French House (Peter district has twenty-five log buildings ued the family tradition of farming in Family whose descendants remained Sperow House) dating between 1790-1810, five stone the Eastern Panhandle. (11/4/1994) owners of the property up until 1966. Teter French’s grandfather, John French, buildings built before 1830, plus later (5/1/2003) settled on an adjoining tract of land on frame construction. Historic Resources of Falling Waters Tullys Branch in 1771. Teter French built Berkeley County (12/10/1980) the Greek Revival house in 1860, just be- Maidstone-on-the-Potomac fore the Civil War and was forced to sell Maidstone-on-the-Potomac was built the dwelling in 1876 due to money prob- White Bush (Archibald Sheerer by Evan Watkins in 1741. It began as lems. Later owners added Victorian de- House) simple log-pen house. Watkins was tails to the building. Also on the proper- One of the county’s oldest brick man- commissioned by the Virginia House of ty is a c. 1860 combination washhouse/ sions, the home dates to 1785-90. Ar- Burgesses to set up a ferry operation on slave quarters with original bunks, root chibald Sheerer established a saw mill the property to provide transportation cellar and ice house; as well as a bank and grist mill along the river at Falling across the Potomac River. As the opera- barn, and corncrib. Historic Resources of Waters. The family was known for their tion grew so did the home. In 1762 Wat- Berkeley County (12/10/1980) excellent carpentry work and the house kins added a second pen and a second has fine Federal era interior details. The story to his modest home. The home simple Federal architecture of the cen- doubled as residence for Watkins and his Gerrardstown tral section is offset by the later curvi- family as well as a tavern for the travel- linear design of the Victorian period. ing public. In 1845 the home’s evolution Historic Resources of Berkeley County Gerrardstown Historic District continued with a full two-story brick Gerrardstown was settled along Moun- (12/10/1980) Thunder Hill Farm (Daniel-Grantham House) addition. What was once a simple log tain Road, which connected the Valley home transitioned into a fine example Road to Back Creek Valley. Baptist Thunder Hill Farm Falling Waters Vicinity of Federal period architecture. The ferry settlers arrived at the headwaters of Mill (Daniel-Grantham House) provided needed transportation across Creek on the present site of Gerrard- The main stone section of the Federal Edward Colston House the river until the first bridge was built stown in the early 1740s. Highlighting th style residence was constructed in 1818. The Edward Colston House, built circa across the Potomac River. (4/15/2004) the town are a variety of late 18 and Moses Grantham, a local judge and poli- 1798, is a two-story, three-bay house tician, added the log kitchen with Ger- with weatherboard siding and a gable man siding in 1882. The property also roof. The home is a wonderful illustra- has a large barn and log smokehouse, tion of transitional Georgian/Federal both constructed c. 1882. (11/21/1994) architecture. Features of the home reflect both styles, such as 12-over-12 Dry Run Vicinity double-hung windows, thick molded muntins and a wide stair hall, all Geor- gian features, and 12-over-8 smaller Nathan VanMetre House double-hung windows, rectangular door The VanMetre House was the center- th transom, paneled doors with crosettes piece of a 160-acre, mid-19 century and corner blocks, all Federal stylistic farm. Built in 1872, the Greek Revival details. The house is located on property plantation house has a central five-bay once owned by Lord Fairfax. After his facade with an attached side wing with death, Fairfax left the land to his heirs double story porch. Distinctive features Teter Myers French House (Peter Sperow House) 8 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 9

19th century commercial and residential Washington Gold House Morris Rees III House buildings, including the William Maslin (Mountain View) The Federal style architecture and ag- House and its outbuildings, the David This Greek Revival house is a two-story ricultural buildings of the Morris Rees S. Griffith General Store and House L-shaped building. It was constructed III House and Farm exemplify the local and the Wheatfield Grange Hall House. of brick in 1854, and the front facade’s economic and cultural transition from (8/5/1991) single story porch was added c. 1890. wheat farming to orchard farming in Outbuildings include the frame 1890 Berkeley County. Around 1805, Morris Hays-Gerrard House carriage house and the small log cabin Rees III had the two-story house built of This c. 1743 limestone building stands constructed in 1761. (1/12/1984) local limestone. Wheat farming, a com- on a knoll overlooking Mill Creek. John mon pursuit in the lower Shenandoah William Wilson House (Prospect Hill) Hays, who settled Mill Creek Manor, Valley, employed both Rees and the Mc- was one of fourteen Baptist families that Gilbert and Samuel McKown Kown family, who purchased the farm in 1821. The McKown family is responsible while a fourth outbuilding may be an came from Sater Church in Maryland. House (Marshy Dell) He helped found the first Baptist church for the construction of most of the farm earlier stone dwelling house from 1750. This two-story log house has a stone in the area just behind his small stone buildings, including the c. 1890 bank (1/12/1984) foundation and a large stone exterior house. The Reverend John Gerrard, an barn with its attached shed-roof apple end chimney. The eastern half of the itinerant preacher, purchased the house packing room. (1/8/2003) house was built c. 1774 by Gilbert McK- Hard Scrabble Vicinity and land in 1770. (9/16/1985) own, while the western portion was built c. 1810 by his son, Samuel, who also had Mary Park Wilson House The house was built in 1825 for the Wil- Jones Mill Run Historic District Gerrardstown Vicinity the house sided. Also on the property When John Vanmeter received a King’s son family, prominent Berkeley County is a stone cottage which may have been patent in 1734, it was located on Jones landowners. In the 1950s the house built by Gilbert’s father, Andrew Mc- Mill Stream. Ruins of his mill, one of Cool Spring Farm was purchased by Archibald McDou- Cool Spring Farm is associated with Kown, who emigrated from Ireland to the first in the state, are still present, gall, prominent attorney who served in Zackquill Morgan, fifth son of Morgan join his son. Gilbert served in the Rev- along with the mill races. A double stone various public positions including as Morgan, who purchased the 200-acre olutionary War and was very active in bridge and a portion of the run are in representative of the U.S. Legislative farm from his father in 1761. He moved establishing two Presbyterian churches the boundaries. The Thomas Swearingen Counsel and legal advisor to the Minis- west after 1768 and settled on Deckers in the area. Samuel became a prosperous house dates to c. 1760, and is of lime- ter of Foreign Affairs in Iraq. The Federal Creek where he erected houses and two farmer and ultimately owned five adjoin- stone, designed in the Georgian style. period house is clad in coursed rubble forts and in 1781 laid out the tract of the ing farms. (1/12/1984) Historic Resources of Berkeley County creekstone. (7/8/1985) town of Morgantown. The house was (12/10/1980) built in two sections with a main block of coursed stone in the Federal style and Mt. Pleasant School William Wilson House (Prospect Harlan Spring Vicinity a German sided addition. (11/21/1994) The Mt. Pleasant School is a single story, Hill) front-gabled building, finished in native Located one mile west of Gerrard- ashlar limestone. Architecturally the stown, Prospect Hill was constructed Faraway Farm (Daniel Ropp building is simple except for the massive between 1792 and 1802. The two-story House) stone quoins at the corners which are house has a three-bay section with small This large, L-shaped Federal brick house representative of a trend seen through- portico. A side wing with tall chimneys was built c. 1850 by Daniel Ropp on out the Eastern Panhandle. The school is stepped back from the front facade. land acquired by his father, Solomon was built in 1897 as a means of educat- The steeply pitched roof has a patterned Ropp, in 1827. The “Lower Place” house ing the children of the African American slate. A 1936 scenic mural in the hall is contains a central hall plan in the front community of Mt. Pleasant in addition one of the house’s outstanding features. section and a two room deep rear el. to being used as the community church. An exterior kitchen, springhouse and Historic Resources of Berkeley County Mt. Pleasant School (9/18/2008) privy are contemporaries of the house, (12/10/1980) 10 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 11

James Mason House and Farm Hedgesville Vicinity Owen Tudor Hedges House The James Mason House and Farm is (Fairstone, Cedar Grove) comprised of a farmhouse constructed c. William Boggs Farm Owen Tudor Hedges, who lost his life 1809, three outbuildings, and 170 acres The Boggs family was one of the first in the Battle of Gettysburg, built this of land. There are two sections to the families to receive a land grant for this home in 1860. The two-story brick, house. The older section is two stories area and they are considered pioneers Greek Revival-style house was the home and clad in local limestone, while the ad- in the exploration of what were then the of the Hedges, a family that figured dition, built with concrete block in 1900, western fringes of Virginia. The house, prominently in the early settlement and reflects the advancement of newer build- th built in 1790, is considered an I-House development of Berkeley County. Other ing technology of the late 19 and early th with Georgian and Federal period resources include a barn, three sheds, 20 centuries. This farm complex also Samuel Cunningham House (Pleasant View th detailing, especially in the interior. The Farm) slave quarters, an outhouse, a well house represents early 19 century agricultural property also includes a root cellar built and an icehouse. (11/21/1994) activity through the farmhouse, smoke- c. 1800. The Boggs family lived on the Hedges Chapel house, two agricultural dependencies, property, running a prosperous crop Hedges Chapel, located at the foot of Hedgesville and the producing fields. (11/15/2006) and livestock farm, well into the late 19th Hedges Mountain, is a Greek Revival century. (3/7/2001) building clad in white painted German Power Plant and Dam No. 5 siding with the original log construc- Harlan Spring Historic District (Honeywood Dam) tion underneath. Named for the Hedges Noted for its early settlement in the Clary’s Mountain Historic The original log dam along the Potomac Family, early settlers in Berkeley County, 1740s by George Harlan, the district has District River was built in 1835 by the Chesa- the chapel stands as one of the oldest only a few buildings including Spring Located just east of Hedgesville at the peake & Ohio Canal Company. A stone extant log constructed churches in the Hill, a log house from the 1740s. Har- foot of Potato Hill lies Clary’s Mountain dam, constructed in 1857, was dam- county. (12/12/2002) lan Cottage, also of log, dates c. 1860, Historic District. It is significant for its aged during the Civil War. Built as the and the Willows is a large stone c. 1812 wonderful assortment of architectur- Honeywood Mill by Edward Colston c. th dwelling with a side hall plan. Final- al styles dating from the late 19 and Decatur Hedges House 1840, the building became a paper mill th ly, Lingamfelter House is constructed early 20 centuries. Styles ranging from This central hall plan house is two-sto- in 1900. The mill was later purchased in of limestone with 23-inch thick walls. Italianate, Gothic Revival and Neo-Clas- ries with five bays. The house, along 1905 by the Martinsburg Power Com- Each property has outbuildings includ- sical can be viewed throughout the small with the single-story rear ell, is of brick. pany and was fitted with three water ing smokehouses and springhouses. district. (4/15/2004) The main facade has a single-bay Gothic turbines and generators. This power, Historic Resources of Berkeley County Revival entrance porch complete with when combined with the power gener- (12/10/1980) Samuel Cunningham House scroll brackets and lyre balustrade. The ated at the Martinsburg Steam Power house was built by Decatur Hedges in Plant, electrified much of the county. At (Pleasant View Farm) 1874. (1/12/1984) Hedgesville Historic District the site is a two-story brick building and The original native limestone section The town was planned by Josiah Hedg- of this two-story stone and brick farm- the dam structure. Historic Resources of Samuel Hedges House es in 1832. He located the settlement Berkeley County (12/10/1980) house was constructed in 1820 by Sam- in a gap of North Mountain, known as uel Cunningham, while the northeast An L-shaped farmhouse, the Samuel Skinner’s Gap. Hedgesville developed brick section of the house was added Hedges House was built c. 1772. The and served as a quiet community where c. 1840 by Samuel’s son. The house is a original rectangular portion of the house travelers to the Warm Springs could stop good example of a large farm residence is of coursed limestone, and was likely overnight at the 1880s Summit House. which expanded as a result of personal built by Samuel Hedges shortly after he The town played a role in the rural com- wealth gained largely through agricul- acquired the property. The rear ell of munity and was incorporated in 1854. tural endeavors toward the end of the weatherboard frame was added during Historic Resources of Berkeley County frontier period. (12/12/1976) the 1850s by Thomas Van Metre, a (12/10/1980) relative. There is a one-and-a-half story, Power Plant and Dam No. 5 (Honeywood Dam) coursed stone outbuilding which served 12 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 13

to the Hopewell Meeting House. He Strode-Morrison-Tabler House built his log house in that same year. and Farm His widow, Leah McKewn, and his The earliest part of the house was built son, Abner Hughes, sold the log house in 1752 by Edward Strode. Strode used and 250 acres for 600 pounds in 1784 local limestone to construct a modest to Hugh Cunningham. A Scotch-Irish, one-story cottage. In the early 19th cen- Cunningham and his wife, Agnes, had tury, the home was owned by William ten children and added the stone wing Morrison who added a brick-clad sec- soon after purchasing the farm. Hughes ond story. In 1830, Morrison, wanting furnished supplies to the American to enlarge the house even more, added army during the Revolutionary War and an addition or ell clad in limestone. The Thomas Brown House served as a private in a Pennsylvania final stage in the building’s evolution unit. (7/8/1985) came in the late 19th century when Levi Lee-Throckmorton-McDonald Samuel Hedges House and Ruth Tabler added a wood framed Snodgrass Tavern (Halfway addition clad in German siding and a House This house was built by Thomas Lee c. as a dairy. A log smokehouse lies to the House) double gallery porch. The property also 1810 as a modest house of log construc- west of the house. Joshua Hedges, Sam- The original part of Snodgrass Tavern includes a complex of agricultural relat- tion. After his death, his daughter and uel’s father, was one of the first home- was constructed between 1740 and 1742. ed buildings dating from 1752 to 1950. her husband, John Throckmorton, lived steaders to enter what is now Berkeley Located about halfway between Mar- (3/22/2006) in the house and managed a flour mill County. Several local landmarks were tinsburg and Bath (Berkeley Springs), once located on the property. During named for the family, including Hedg- Snodgrass Tavern was likely the only Edward Tabb House (Rural Hill) the Civil War, the mill provided flour esville, which was founded by Samuel’s stopping place between the two towns Rural Hill is a large, two-story Federal for both Union and Confederate troops. son, Josiah Hedges. (12/12/1976) for early travelers. Prominent Americans period home built in 1810 by Edward The property was sold to George H. who stayed there include George Wash- Tabb. The coursed rubble limestone Anderson in 1880 who expanded the ington and Henry Clay. Architectural was also used by Edward’s nephew, John Hedges-Lemen House (Fort Hill) house by adding a rear addition and also highlights consist of an unusually high Tabb, when he built the two-story rear The central block of this gable-roof clad it in weatherboard siding. The final attic, a very large public room and twin ell in 1820. As John’s prosperity grew, he limestone dwelling was built in 1748 by transformation for this home came in chimneys at both ends of the house. The amassed several mills and increased Ru- Joshua Hedges as an Indian fort, called 1939 when then owner, James Earnest property also includes a smokehouse, ral Hill’s acreage. He was a well-known Fort Hill. The three-bay wing with a McDonald, added a two-story addition slave quarters, a chicken coop, a carriage agriculturalist and gentleman farmer. recessed porch was added by his son, to the east side and clad the entire house house, a bank barn and a 1742 slave (1/12/1984) Jesse, in 1792. The house was remod- with local native limestone. (4/14/2004) eled c. 1840 by Thomas Newton Lemen. cemetery. (4/24/1973; boundary amend- Mr. Lemen was later shot and killed by ment 3/22/2006) Inwood Vicinity Confederate stragglers after the Battle Jones Spring Vicinity of Gettysburg for refusing to give them Thomas Brown House corn to feed their horses. The property th Stuckey House In the mid-18 century, Thomas Brown, includes a stone barn and walled ceme- The Stuckey family accumulated 2,132 a Quaker farmer, planted orchards and tery. (5/2/1991) acres by 1842 in the Back Creek Valley, fruit trees associated with his farm which runs behind North Mountain and on Mill Creek. The area later became the length of Berkeley County. Sever- Hughes-Cunningham House known as “Apple Pie Ridge.” Associated al Stuckey farm buildings, mostly log (HuCuRu) with the farm is a log house with two or brick construction, remain. Charles Isaac Hughes moved from Philadelphia side wings, springhouse, log outbuilding, Stuckey built the only stone farmhouse to Berkeley County in 1772 and trans- and privy. (1/16/1986) ferred his family’s Quaker membership Snodgrass Tavern (Halfway House) in the valley in the 1820s. The three-bay 14 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 15

main block has a one-story pediment- ter door with a transom and sidelights. Marlowe Consolidated School imposing three-story building designed ed portico. The property also has a Downs was the successful owner of four Located in the unincorporated village by architect, Reginald Geare, who later springhouse, smokehouse, and double mills, three in Berkeley County. The of Marlowe, the Marlowe Consolidated became nationally known. (10/11/1979) privy. His son, Charles Stuckey II, was wheat from his mills was carried on his School has served the educational needs a West Virginia Delegate in 1895-97. own canal boats along the C&O Canal. of its community since opening in 1922. Aspen Hall (Edward Beeson (5/17/1991) Influential in the community, Downs Exhibiting elements of Collegiate Gothic House) also served as a Justice of the Peace, architecture, the red brick school is a One of the oldest buildings in Mar- Kearneysville Vicinity an election official, and court justice. link to the development of consolidated, tinsburg, this 1776 Georgian rubble (5/17/1991) graded schools in rural Berkeley County. limestone house stands high on a hill Plans for the school began in 1921 after above Tuscarora Creek. It was built by Harmony Cemetery the right to consolidate local schools was Edward Beeson II, a wealthy and prom- Originally associated with the Harmony granted. Tax revenues, local donations inent Quaker, who operated a grist mill Meeting House, the remaining cemetery and local labor were used to fund and on his property until his death in 1817. is significant as an early interdenomi- build the school. Each of the eight rooms Historic Resources of Berkeley County national burying site dating to c. 1830. in the building’s original section housed (12/10/1980) Most cemeteries at the time were pri- a separate grade. (3/22/2006) vate, located on individual farms, or as- sociated with a religious denomination. Martinsburg After the Civil War, the meeting house became a Methodist congregation. Historic Resources of Berkeley County Abell-Kilbourn House (12/10/1980) This early Colonial Revival-style resi- John VanMetre House dence features a three-sided tower and a large wraparound porch with Eastlake Maidstone Manor Farm (William detailing. The property includes a ga- John VanMetre House R. Leigh House) rage, barn, and servant’s residence. The The VanMetre House is a well-preserved Built in 1848 by William Leigh, this house and barn were constructed c. example of a Federal-style I-house con- square brick house with pyramidal roof 1895 by John N. Abell, a prominent busi- structed c. 1780. The house grew in size was the birthplace and boyhood home of nessman, banker, developer, and builder Aspen Hall (Edward Beeson House) with the addition of a log and frame ell c. his son, William Robinson Leigh (1866- in Martinsburg. The house is also asso- 1800. Architectural details include Flem- 1955), who became a famous Western ciated with Charles W. Kilbourn, presi- ish bond brickwork on the facade, jack- scenic artist. He attended the Mary- dent of the Interwoven Mill which was Baltimore & Ohio and Related arched brick lintels, and a centered por- land Institute and later studied at the at one time the largest single manufac- Industries Historic District tico supported by octagonal wood posts Royal Academy in Munich, Germany. turing knitting company in the Eastern A linear district along Tuscarora Creek and pilasters. Significant interior details He worked with Philip Fleish painting Panhandle. (11/21/1994) and the B&O Railroad tracks, this dis- th include an original fireplace, mantle and cycloramas. Although he later painted trict features important 19 century rail- built-in cupboards. (2/11/2004) in the American West, Leigh maintained Apollo Theatre way structures and industry complexes. a studio in New York City. He also went 128 East Martin Street A major c. 1848 station-hotel survives, on many trips to Africa and wrote a The Apollo Theatre, one of the first along with two 1866 roundhouses and a Marlowe Vicinity book, Frontiers of Enchantment, pub- theatres built in West Virginia, is a bevy of shops, repair buildings, freight lished in 1938 as “an artist’s adventure in very early example of the plush “movie stations and several stone bridges. In- Africa.” His New York studio was given Charles Downs II House palaces” that sprang up throughout the dustrial buildings along the tracks vary This Federal period residence was to the Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, Okla- United States and briefly dominated from large stone foundries to simple constructed in 1835. The brick house homa at his death. Historic Resources of th the social and cultural life of early 20 frame structures. Historic Resources of has a symmetrical facade with a cen- Berkeley County (12/10/1980) century Americans. Built in 1913, it is an Berkeley County (12/10/1980) 16 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 17

African American Resources African Americans have played an important role in West Virginia’s history. Prior to West Virginia’s statehood, African Americans contributed to the success of western Virginian farms and plantations as slave labor, but more important, their story includes emancipation, segregation and the civil rights response. Early plantation farms such as Altona Farm in Jefferson County relied on an African American workforce. Two white clapboard over log buildings were Wheeling used as slave quarters. The history of segregation in West Virginia is represented by schools Morgantown throughout the state. Jefferson County’s Halltown Colored Free School was built in 1870 to educate the community’s African American children; Martinsburg 4 it functioned as a school until 1929. Located next to the Halltown Union 5 11 Colored Sunday School, the building became a private residence after it 12 closed its doors as a school. Dunbar School in Marion County was built in 1928 as a part of the city’s initiative to create new school buildings. Dunbar’s 13 student body quickly diminished after the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education 9 decision, and by 1956, the students and faculty from the Dunbar School had been integrated into other local schools. Segregation’s legacy can also be seen at Douglass Junior and Senior Charleston High School in Cabell County. Built in 1924 for the city’s African American 3 8 2 Huntington population, it is a three-story red brick and terra cotta building. The school 1 Douglass Junior and Senior produced notable alumni Hal Greer and Carter G. Woodson. Its official 10 High School, Cabell County capacity as a school ended in 1981, and the building is now a community center. 1. African Zion Baptist Church, Kanawha County 2. Canty House, Kanawha County The story of African American civil rights is also found in Harpers Beckley Ferry. At Storer College, Harpers Ferry delegates convened for 3. Douglass Junior and Senior High School, Cabell the second meeting of the Niagara Movement in 1906 walking County out to John Brown’s Fort then located on Murphy’s Farm outside 7 4. Halltown Colored Free School, Jefferson County of town. 6 Bluefield 5. Halltown Union Colored Sunday School, Jefferson By the mid-twentieth century, individuals such as Elizabeth County Harden Gilmore in Charleston and Memphis Tennessee Garrison in Huntington were vocal advocates of the civil rights 6. Hancock House, Mercer County movement. Gilmore’s Girl Scout troop was the first African 7. Kimball War Memorial, McDowell County American troop to be admitted to Camp Anne Bailey and she led 8. Memphis Tennessee Garrison House, Cabell County the first sit-in at the Diamond Department Store in Charleston Halltown Union Colored Sunday School, to open the lunch counter to African Americans. Raised in Gary, 9. Riverside School, Randolph County Jefferson County McDowell County, Garrison successfully established the first 10. Seebert Lane Colored School, Pocahontas County southern West Virginia National Association for the Advancement 11. Storer College, Jefferson County of Colored People (NAACP) chapter in Gary. After moving to Huntington, she organized the Freedom Fund Dinner in 1958, a fundraiser for the NAACP. She advocated for the desegregation 12. Trinity Methodist Methodist Episcopal Church, of Cabell County schools and assisted in other civil rights efforts such as President Johnson’s Harrison County National Citizens Committee on Community Relations in 1964. 13. Weston Colored School, Lewis County 18 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 19

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Boyd Avenue Historic District Also within the district is the home of Martinsburg Shops Edward Beeson II constructed a house Confederate spy and local heroine, Belle The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Compa- known as Aspen Hall c.1750 on prop- Boyd, the Apollo Theatre and the court- ny built its first tracks heading west from erty his grandfather originally acquired house designed by B&O Railroad archi- Baltimore in 1844. Martinsburg’s central in the 1730s. After several successive tect, Albert Fink, in 1855. Historic Re- location made it ideal for locating main- owners, John M. Stewart, a local busi- sources of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) tenance facilities. The original shops nessman, acquired the property in 1851. and roundhouse were burned by the In 1914, the Stewart family embarked on East Martinsburg Historic Confederates during the Civil War and a project to create a new neighborhood District the current buildings were constructed adjacent to the house. Thirty lots were This section of the city developed in in 1866. The roundhouse was designed platted on both sides of what was known the 1850s, but expanded at the turn of by noted industrial architect, Albert as “Boyd Avenue Extension.” The deeds the century with the arrival of the rail- Boydville Fink, and the shops were designed by for the new neighborhood required that roads, the Catholic Church and waves architect, Johann Niernsee. A striker a uniform front-yard building setback house and garden wall feature hand- of German and Irish Settlers. A mixture killed outside the shops sparked “The of thirty feet be maintained, that homes made bricks. (10/15/1970) of Greek Revival dwellings and later Great Railway Strike of 1877,” the vio- be not less than two stories and that Victorian structures make up the neigh- lent nationwide protest against the low only hedges, not fences, be between borhood. Historic Resources of Berkeley the houses and sidewalk. Architectural Boydville Historic District wages paid industrial workers. (National This affluentth 19 century residential County (12/10/1980) styles present in the district include the Historic Landmark 7/31/2003) area of Martinsburg’s south side was Colonial Revival, Bungalow, Cape Cod, home to military, political, and busi- John Evans House and American Foursquare. (8/3/2007) ness leaders. The district includes both Built on a solid limestone foundation the 1798 Episcopal and 1802 St. John’s with coursed limestone walls, the three- Boydville Catholic cemeteries with stone walls and bay facade of the John Evans House is This large stone Georgian-style house sculpture. Historic Resources of Berkeley visible to travelers on the Winchester was constructed in 1812 by Elisha Boyd County (12/10/1980) Turnpike (now US 11). Built around who had both a prominent military and 1755 by early settler and land grant political career. The interior center hall- recipient, John Evans, the house is one way has wood-pressed paper brought by Continental Clay Brick Plant Constructed in 1917, this complex of of the earliest permanent dwellings in Boyd from England and laid in sections beehive kilns represents a late exam- the Martinsburg area. It also represents giving the appearance of wood paneling. ple of the 19th century brick industry. the first wave of settlement in the low- The home was left to Boyd’s daughter, Originally fired by coal, the kilns were er Shenandoah Valley. Along with the Boomtown Historic District Mary, who was married to Charles J. later converted to gas before the beehive house, Evans constructed a wooden Faulkner I. Faulkner served as a mem- method was replaced by the modern stockade on his land, which sheltered Boomtown Historic District ber of the Virginia House of Delegates, continuous production line. Historic Re- local residents from attack in 1756. Opened as a subdivision by the Martins- urging the gradual abolition of slav- sources of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) (3/22/2006) burg Mining & Manufacturing Company ery. He was Minister to France during in 1891, this streetcar suburb boomed 1859-61 and during the Civil War was Federal Aviation Administration as public transportation to downtown assistant adjutant general under Stone- Downtown Martinsburg Historic became available. Buyers and builders wall Jackson. Son, Charles J. Faulkner II, District Records Center (US Post Office flocked to this area creating a middle served as a judge and state senator. In Laid out in 1775 by Major General and Courthouse) class “1890s Victorian extravaganza” 1923, as a corporate lawyer, he helped Adam Stephen as a county seat, Mar- At the time of National Register listing, in contrast with the workers’ housing organize the American Law Institute. tinsburg’s downtown grew to serve the this building served as a records cen- across Winchester Avenue. Historic Re- On the property are a law office, smoke- business and legal needs of Berkeley ter, but was originally the United States sources of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) house, ice house and summer kitchen, County. The district contains a variety of Courthouse and Post Office in Mar- as well as some other outbuildings. The mid-19th and late-Victorian storefronts. tinsburg from its construction in 1895 20 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 21

until 1961. Several architects may be borhood was laid out in 1891 to provide two-story, two-bay, frame house with Monongahela and fought in numerous associated with the design: Willoughby worker housing for industries moving some Colonial Revival features. Sears wars including the French and Indian Edbrooke, D.W. Aiken and J. O’Rourke. to Martinsburg. It is an example of & Roebuck first began selling building and Cherokee Wars. He then served as The three and a half stories tall build- community planning and development parts in 1895 and published its Book of commander of various forts, including ing has strong Romanesque features in the late 19th century. Houses in the Modern Homes and Building Plans in Fort Louden and Fort Pitt, before he and was built between 1892 and 1895 district represent a variety of styles 1908. Two paper delivery labels with the won a seat in the Virginia House of Bur- of red pressed brick with stone trim. including Gothic Revival, Tudor Revival, company’s catalog number are visible in gesses. (10/15/1970) (9/10/1974) Dutch Colonial and Colonial Revival. the unfinished basement. (12/12/2002) (12/16/2002) West Martinsburg Historic Green Hill Cemetery Historic Rosemont Historic District District District Mount Zion Baptist Church The Rosemont Historic District was This district developed in direct pro- Green Hill Ceme- Mt. Zion’s congrega- platted in 1910 and subdivided by the portion to the growth of Martinsburg’s tery was designed in tion was a division Roush-Bowers Real Estate Company industrial base and reflects the styles 1854 by David Hunter of the earlier Primi- to create housing. The subdivision was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Styles Strother, better known tive Baptist Church built to house workers from the Kil- of architecture represented within the as Porte Crayon. and was organized bourn Mill. The district has a variety nominated boundary include Second Strother worked with on June 23, 1835. of architectural styles including Queen Empire, Colonial Revival, Dutch Co- local surveyor John The church was built Anne, American Foursquare, Bunga- lonial Revival, Craftsman, Cape Cod, P. Kearfoot in trans- between 1836-38 of low, Dutch Colonial, Tudor Revival, Bungalow and American Foursquare. lating a design he had small stones that were Colonial Revival, Cape Cod and Ranch. (12/13/2010) sketched in Paris to a carefully shaped and (12/12/2002) conical Virginia hill. laid to resemble brick A chapel, replaced in coursing. A cemetery South Water Street Historic 1917-18 by a Neoclas- surrounds the church District sical Revival Mausole- which has a setting This small district of three blocks has um, originally capped of massive oaks and late 18th and 19th century residences the hill. Around this boxwood. Historic of various styles including Georgian, Federal Aviation Administration Records Resources of Berkeley apex simple pathways Center (US Post Office and Courthouse) Federal, and Greek Revival. There are divide the hill verti- County (12/10/1980) several industrial remnants within the cally while circular drives create con- district including stonework of the 1870s West Martinsburg Historic District centric terraces. A 1901 caretaker lodge Baker Ropp House (Homestead Baltimore & Ohio Railroad right-of-way. designed by local builder/architect W.S. Farm) Historic Resources of Berkeley County Small is in the Shingle style. There is an The Baker Ropp House, built between (12/10/1980) Martinsburg Vicinity African American cemetery on the east 1890 and 1892, is an example of Queen side of the property. Historic Resources Anne style home with Gothic and Clas- Adam Stephen House Elizabeth Kunkel House of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) sical Revival detailing. The two-story Major General Adam Stephen began Built in 1907, this elaborate farmhouse is brick house features a full-length porch construction on his house in 1772. Built a late contribution to the architecturally Martinsburg, Mining, with Victorian style trim and a centered on a rock outcrop with walls that are significant buildings of Berkeley County. Manufacturing & Improvement gable wall dormer. (12/12/2002) about 21 inches thick, the house is con- The house is located on a 145-acre farm Co. Historic District structed of local stone. Major General owned originally by W.W. Rutherford. The Martinsburg Mining, Manufactur- R.C. Ropp House Stephen had both an accomplished mili- His daughter, Elizabeth Kunkel, inher- ing & Improvement Company Historic The R.C. Ropp House was assembled tary and political career. He commanded ited the property and built this home. District is in the southwestern section from building parts shipped by the Sears the first company of Virginia Rangers Her grandson developed a portion of the of Martinsburg. The residential neigh- & Roebuck Company in 1928. It is a in Braddock’s defeat at the Battle of farm as a post-World War I subdivision 22 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 23

the world. The second owner, Samuel the textile industry. The clubhouse was pilasters, an arched hood over an en- G. Lang, converted the stone garage to constructed in 1922 and consists of a trance, exposed rafter ends and snow accommodate the Hartwood Glass and one-story stone building with a wrap- birds. The interior incorporates a cen- Metals Corporation. He invented a glass around porch. It was designed by Wash- tral-passage, double-pile plan. In addi- coated electrical component which is ington, D.C. architect, Clarence Lowell tion to the house, the property includes used in electrical switches. (5/2/1991) Harding. (4/28/1995) an historic garage, barn, corn crib and a water pump. Overlook was built by A.R. Moses Nadenbousch House Henry Orndoff House (also in Small for William Douglass Harlan as (“Woodside”, “Red Hill Farm”) Jefferson County) his retirement home when he gave up Constructed in 1885, the Moses Na- The earliest section of the Orndoff-Cross active farming due to deafness and heart Elizabeth Kunkel House denbousch House is a locally-distinc- House was built along Pack Horse Road disease. He lived there with his wife; his tive example of the I-house. This house c. 1796 after Henry Orndoff’s acquisi- daughter Margaretta Douglass Harlan, called “Kunkel’s Addition.” The building retains details of Italianate-style archi- tion of a 322-acre tract that same year. It a local educator, inherited the home. is L-shaped with a three-bay entrance tecture including two-over-two windows was likely that Orndoff’s growing family (4/15/2004) porch with Tuscan columns. There are and chamfered wood porch posts with outgrew the original log house and that two historic outbuildings: a smokehouse scrolled brackets. In addition to the the early additions were built according- Elias Pitzer House and frame storage building. (5/17/1991) house, the property includes an historic ly. The second-story of the kitchen wing, The Elias Pitzer House is a well pre- shed, garage and a large bank barn. Na- accessed by the rear stairs, likely served served vernacular adaptation of Greek Miller Tavern and Farm (also in denbosch was a skilled wheelwright and as servants’ quarters. Orndoff died in Revival style domestic architecture. carpenter. He operated a tanyard during 1833 leaving the property to his son Built in 1856, the house features many Jefferson County) outstanding hallmarks of the style, in- The Miller Tavern and Farm is anchored the Civil War and built the Mt. Clifton who retained the family farm. Upon his cluding the symmetrical facade, central, by a c. 1813 wooden tavern with a c. Hotel. He suffered financial difficulties death, he left the property to his neph- one-bay front porch, and brick dentil 1831 brick I-house addition. The room in the 1890s and died in 1906. The prop- ews and several slaves. (3/22/2006) cornice. A brick smokehouse is attached arrangement suggests a gathering room erty was part of the Red Hill Orchard to the rear wall. The interior of the house and a kitchen with a large cooking Company and was later owned by the Overlook retains its original woodwork details, fireplace on the first story and sleeping Pet Milk Company. (2/11/2004) Constructed in 1917, Overlook draws including the staircase, window, door rooms above. A collection of historic upon the modest characteristics of and mantel trim and built-in cupboards. barns and outbuildings and approxi- Newcomer Mansion the Colonial Revival style. The house Pitzer was a successful farmer raising mately 240 acres of productive farmland A regional adaptation of the Federal has a rectangular box-like form, a lat- field crops and livestock. He and his wife unite to create a whole that is illus- style, the Newcomer Mansion is a two- erally-oriented gable roof and facade raised eight children. (1/8/2003) trative of the area’s agrarian heritage. and-one-half-story, side-gable brick symmetry. Other significant details (3/22/2006) house with a log addition. It was built employed are Classical columns and c. 1820 as the miller’s house, dedicated Rauch House This 1898 Victorian Gothic house was George W.F. Mulliss House to a mill that stood on the banks of the Opequon Creek. (3/22/2006) built by Edmund D. Rauch, a locally (Hartwood) prominent dairy farmer and business- Hartwood was designed by New Jer- man, remembered for building the sey architect, Alexander Merchant, for Opequon Golf Club Formed in 1921, the Opequon Golf Club “Rauch Block” row houses on West Mar- George Mulliss in 1929. The Georgian tin Street in Martinsburg. Rauch super- Revival home has a central block and became an early recreational facility for some of the most prominent citizens vised the design of this building with the wings of rock faced Pennsylvania blue bricks being fired on site. There are sev- limestone. Mulliss was vice president of the Martinsburg area. The roster of original members includes U.S. Senator eral farm outbuildings associated with and director of operations at the In- the property, including a barn, chicken terwoven Stocking Company, at one Charles Faulkner and H.H. Emmert, Overlook house, and smokehouse. (11/4/1994) time the largest men’s stocking mill in a major businessman associated with 24 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 25

Robinson-Tabb House Peter Speck House Swan Pond Manor (Folkland) through a rich fertile valley. It supplied The Robinson-Tabb House began as a The Peter Speck House is a distinguished This is a transitional house reflecting the water power for Martinsburg until log house constructed in 1818 by Al- example of a residence with Federal style the traditional Georgian single-pile, the coming of electricity in 1890. Most exander Robinson. About 1839 George features. Completed in 1815 the house is center-hall plan. It also has Federal of the land in the district belonged to Tabb began construction of the brick ad- built from log and stone, a common uni- influence with a molded brick cornice Richard Beeson, a Quaker, who acquired dition that featured Federal-style detail- fication of materials in early 19th century and center door with fanlight and side- 1,650 acres of land from a King’s patent ing such as Flemish bond brickwork and Berkeley County. A unique open rear lights. Dr. Edward Williams and wife, jack-arched lintel window caps. Interior stair hall was constructed to connect the Elizabeth, moved to Berkeley County details include a staircase with original log and stone portions of the house. Sig- and built the red brick dwelling around balustrade and newel posts, original fire- 1810. Williams, a man of standing in the place mantles, multi-paneled doors with community, served as administrator of original hardware, and pocket doors. nearby estates and is listed among the The property also includes an historic elite of local Federalist political support- stone outbuilding. Farmland associated ers. (7/29/1977) with the original home was subdivided for modern development. (2/11/2004) Swan Pond Manor Historic District Henry J. Seibert II House An agricultural area, the 2,000 acres was (Seibert Villa) composed in 1747 of the Swan Pond A late Greek Revival building, Seibert Manor lands owned by Lord Fairfax for Tabler’s Station Historic District Villa is a two-story, brick house. Previ- his personal use. By 1847, the property ously known as Dryland Farm, the 1867 Peter Speck House had been divided into approximately a in 1737. A year later he hosted the first house had a one-story hipped porch dozen farms with the houses and farm Quaker meeting in the state. The district added to the west side c. 1890 and a outbuildings being scattered across the is significant for its early mill industry two-story rear ell constructed in 1910. nificant interior features include seven district. Most of the buildings are con- and includes the large stone Patterson Also on the grounds are small frame original Federal-style fireplace mantels structed of stone, log and frame. The dis- mill from 1765. Also in the district is buildings built in 1867 and a log kitchen and four built-in closets. Originally from trict takes its name from the large pond the Mong House, Providence Cemetery, used during the period of the original Pennsylvania, Peter Speck farmed 170 which attracts waterfowl. Historic Re- the Cushwa and Lyle houses, Edward home which Seibert replaced. The Seib- acres. The farm remained in the Speck sources of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) Beeson log cabin and the Poor House or erts were prominent area farmers and family until 1999. (12/12/2002) Mansion House. Historic Resources of orchardists as well as involved with local Tabler’s Station Historic District Berkeley County (12/10/1980) civic organizations. (7/8/1985) Spring Mills Historic District Tabler’s Station Historic District was Spring Mills Historic District was in- built between 1890 and 1953 and it Benjamin H. Snyder House fluenced by the presence of the c. 1790 employs architectural details from the Jacob VanDoren House (Allen This bungalow, constructed c. 1925, Stephen-Hammond Mill along Harlan Gothic Revival, Italianate, Eastlake, Dale) employs a laterally-oriented gable roof, Run. In addition to the mill, the district American Foursquare, and Bungalow “Allen Dale” is a Greek Revival house shed roof dormers, and a full-length re- houses a stone miller’s house, a stone styles. This linear rural village is char- constructed c. 1830 of stuccoed stone. cessed porch. Interior details include an spring house located behind the mill and acterized by modestly-detailed wood The two-and-one-half-story home has open staircase with a modest balustrade the ruins of Dr. Allen Hammond House, homes built by its working-class resi- a full basement, hip roof with balus- and newel, hard wood floors, and brick who owned the mill for some time. The dents. (4/14/2004) trade, three bays and four interior end fireplaces. In addition to the house, the district’s buildings represent vernacular chimneys. The builder, Jacob VanDoren building traditions interspersed with property also has a garage and retaining Tuscarora Creek Historic District II, was very active in local politics and features from the Colonial Revival and family businesses including agriculture, wall. (2/11/2004) Tuscarora Creek is formed from springs Federal styles. (4/15/2004) insurance and dry goods. (1/12/1984) at the foot of North Mountain and flows 26 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 27

Van Metre Ford Stone Arch Nollville Vicinity elements of the older Federal style and Bridge Greek Revival-style architecture. Moses This 165-foot, three-span, stone-arch Grantham, the owner at that time, was Ridge Road Historic District a prominent local judge and politician. bridge was built in 1832 to eliminate Located on Apple Pie Ridge, this district (11/21/1994) fording Opequon Creek when traveling links several important buildings. The the Warm Springs Road. The bridge log houses of the Noll and Pendleton eased transportation and thus helped families are noted for their age, dating to Shepherdstown Vicinity spur the development of commerce and the 1780s. Antebellum dwellings include communication in the area. (8/22/1977) the Harriet Lyle Henshaw House and George Washington Hollida the Smith Miller and Nollville houses. House Historic Resources of Berkeley County Scrabble Historic District The Hollida House is a brick I-house (12/10/1980) constructed c. 1842 by local farmer, Scrabble George Washington Hollida. The house Ridgeway Vicinity has a symmetrical facade of Flemish Scrabble Historic District (also in bond brick construction and a native James Nathanial Burwell House Jefferson County) limestone foundation. Prominent de- The unincorporated village of Scrab- tails are the full-length porch and brick (Yellow House Farm) chimneys. Significant interior features This 1842 Federal style house is the ble evolved around the area’s first mill include original woodwork, fireplaces location of Civil War skirmishing during built in 1734. Buildings in the district with Classical Revival-style mantles, and Confederate General Jubal Early’s were constructed to support commer- wood floors. In addition to the house, Shenandoah Campaign in the summer cial enterprises such as grain milling, the property contains a contributing of 1864. A cannon ball and several bul- blacksmithing, broom-making and drive-through shed, smokehouse, and Thomas Vanmetre House lets have been removed from the west store-keeping, all becoming part of the timber frame bank barn. (2/11/2004) wall of the house. Built by James Natha- village’s eclectic architecture. Local farmers built their houses in Scrabble, Thomas Vanmetre House nial Burwell, the brick house is trimmed adding a distinguished residential com- Power Plant and Dam No. 4 The Thomas Vanmetre House was built by a dog tooth cornice below a slate roof. ponent to the architectural mix. A one- The original dam was built as part of the by its namesake, a member of the prom- (5/16/1991) room schoolhouse and a brick church inent Berkeley County pioneer family, complete this rural village. (3/22/2006) c. 1838. In 1836 Thomas Vanmetre George Schlack House received the land from an initial Thom- The Schlacks acquired two lots in Hill’s as, Lord Fairfax, land grant. It is a rural Addition in 1912 and built the house Shanghai Vicinity Berkeley County I-house with a facade in 1913. It displays the central-passage, finished in unpainted Flemish bond four-over-four plan characteristic of the Baldwin-Grantham House brick, counting among its architectural 18th century Georgian style, along with the truncated hipped roof and dentic- (Locust Grove) features a Classical Revival-style ped- The Baldwin-Grantham House rep- ulate trim which were also elements imented portico, a reversed staircase, resents three different phases of archi- of 18th century design. The house is a a locally distinctive hexagonal banister tecture. Built in 1749 by the Baldwin well-preserved early twentieth-century on the main stair and a detached sum- family, the original log house represents Colonial Revival-style house executed in mer kitchen. Two distinctive features of the early settlement period of the Back concrete block, which was a modern and the house are the rear to front oriented Creek area. The first addition, dating innovative building material at the time staircase and the hexagonal walnut ban- to 1820, is a brick house built by the of its construction. (9/18/2008) ister. (12/30/2009) Grantham family. It has a simple Fed- eral design. An 1849 addition includes George Washington Hollida House 28 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 29

Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, but has been suit against Lord Fairfax, who claimed built a stone building for a store in 1780, replaced several times. The powerhouse the land on behalf of the English gov- the only known trading post in the coun- dates to 1910 and is still used to generate ernment. The lawsuit was not settled in ty. Campbell furnished supplies during electricity for Berkeley County. It was Hite’s favor until 1786, after both men the Revolutionary War and served in part of the development of the Martins- had passed away. Constructed c. 1757 the Colonial Army and Virginia Militia. burg Electric Company. Historic Re- presumably by John Strode, the two sto- Campbell built the two-story rubble sources of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) ry Georgian stone house and 360 acres limestone house in 1800, with nearby were leased to General Adam Stephen. barn and stone stables. Historic Resourc- Stephen purchased the land from Strode es of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) Smoketown Vicinity in 1789. Other families associated with Tomahawk Spring the property include Redbud Hollow Rush-Miller Hunter, Tucker, and formation at the springhead. A spring- Constructed c.1750, Redbud Hollow House VanMetre. Addition- house and the ruins of a house foun- represents early architecture of the This two-story, al resources located dation are also located on the site. The region. It includes two log buildings set L-shaped stone house within the property’s springhouse, constructed in 1860, is of a at right angles to each other, each with is part of a complex boundaries include a unique design and served as a model for a massive stone chimney. Historic Re- of stone outbuildings stucco-covered brick others in the area. It is a large, one-story, sources of Berkeley County (12/10/1980) consisting of a bank c. 1900 icehouse, a two-room building built on the foun- barn, a stone and frame German sided dation of an earlier springhouse. The Winebrenners frame smokehouse bunkhouse from 1905 house foundation likely dates to c. 1749, and springhouse. Rush-Miller House and a 1910 barn/ga- when the area was originally settled. Crossroads Vicinity The Rush and Miller rage. (11/21/1994) (12/1/1994) families were early settlers of the area. Strayer-Couchman House William Rush built the present rear sec- Spring Mills Vicinity Tomahawk Vicinity (Couchman House) tion of the house in 1810. Captain James Constructed c. 1850 of logs on a stone Mason married Rush’s daughter Mary Hedges-Robinson-Myers House Parks Gap Bridge (Lane Bridge) foundation and covered with clapboard in 1809 and this farm was their home. The property represents a farm com- Built by the Vulcan Road Machine siding, this L-shaped residence is a good Jacob Miller married the two Mason plex from the period of 1760-1860, with Company of Charles Town in 1892, this example of Greek Revival architecture. daughters successively. He purchased outbuildings including, slave cabin, ice bridge was named for John Park, an The original owner, Nicholas Strayer, the farmhouse lot in 1871 from Mason’s house, a large c. 1850 bank barn, corn early settler of the Back Creek area. The was an early settler and prosperous son James and built the addition, now crib and springhouse. The early log bridge’s design used railroad rails for the farmer of the region. (11/12/1994) the front section, in 1872. (7/8/1985) house from c. 1760 was built by Peter structural members and connected them Hedges. The property was purchased with iron rods and ties. The deck is hung Spa Run Vicinity by Alexander Robinson in 1799. Aaron from the truss members with the rods. A Myers owned the property in the mid- variation of the Howe truss, the bridge is Stone House Mansion (John 1800s. Historic Resources of Berkeley the only extant example of this system in County (12/10/1980) Strode House) West Virginia. (11/4/1994) This property is associated with the Tomahawk mid-1700s Hite vs. Fairfax lawsuit which Union Corner Vicinity centered on the question of whether the colonial government or the English gov- Tomahawk Spring ernment had the authority to grant land. Tomahawk Spring, a natural feature Campbellton Jost Hite, who had obtained the property located six miles west of Martinsburg, An Irishman by birth, James Campbell Strayer-Couchman House through the Virginia government, filed takes its name from the unusual rock settled in Berkeley County in 1762. He 30 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 31

Bridges in West Virginia From our earliest bridges to our most recent, West Virginians have demonstrated ingenuity and innovation to span our mountains and rivers. Although portions of western Virginia were easily accessible, the lack of transportation facilities through the region was problematic due to the terrain. Bridges solved many of the challenges posed by the topography. Stone arch bridges were among the earliest Wheeling constructed, including the Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge for the 10 National Road in Wheeling and the Van Metre Stone Arch Bridge in 5 Berkeley County. The state also features two suspension bridges: the Wheeling Suspension Bridge in Ohio County and the Duck Morgantown Run Cable Suspension Bridge in Gilmer County. The Philippi Covered Bridge in Barbour County may be the most 26 Martinsburg 9 recognized of West Virginia’s covered bridges, sixteen others are listed in the National Register. Staats Mill Covered Bridge in 3 8 Wheeling Suspension Bridge, Ohio County Jackson County, built in 1887, was originally located adjacent to the Staats Family mill and store. Spanning nearly 100 feet, the bridge was moved in 1983 to nearby Cedar Lakes Conference Center for use as a pedestrian 4 bridge. The variety of truss systems developed in the 19th century have also facilitated travel through the state. These bridges vary in size, design, and materials, but each has contributed to the 11 state’s transportation history. Charleston Huntington The South Branch Bridge, known as the Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge, in Hampshire County, is an early example of metal bridge truss technology of the 20th century. Built in 1874 on U.S. Route 50, it is the state’s oldest example of the metal truss design. The design allowed 7 for bridges to be constructed faster than stone bridges, span longer distances than had been previously possible, and made bridges more durable than the wooden designs that pre-dated Beckley them. Metal truss bridges were advertised as moveable structures that could be disassembled 1 1. Alderson Bridge, Monroe County and relocated elsewhere; the Capon Truss Bridge took advantage of this innovation and was moved to the Cacapon River in 1938. 2. Barrackville Covered Bridge, Marion County Opened in 1955, the Winfield Toll Bridge in Putnam County was the first connection between 3. Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Company Bowstring the towns of Winfield and Red House. Prior to its construction, the only way to cross the Bluefield Concrete Arch Bridge, Harrison County Kanawha River between Nitro and Point Pleasant was by ferry. The new bridge allowed Winfield 4. Duck Run Cable Suspension Bridge, Gilmer County to become more accessible, as well as economically important. The bridge is an excellent local example of the cantilever truss design, which allowed bridges to span a greater distance. In 5. Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge, Ohio County West Virginia, there are only seven extant cantilever truss bridges including the Winfield Toll. 6. High Level Bridge, Marion County The New River Gorge Bridge signaled the beginning of a new era for southern West Virginia. 7. New River Gorge Bridge, Fayette County The Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 identified the need for an interstate 8. Philippi Covered Bridge, Barbour County highway system including six in West Virginia. As part of this system, Corridor L was begun and the bridge to cross the New River Gorge became its hallmark. Completed in 1977, this steel 9. Van Metre Ford Stone Bridge, Berkeley County arch bridge was the longest of its type until 2003. It used COR-TEN B steel which oxidizes and 10. Wheeling Suspension Bridge, Ohio County weathers to form its own protective coating. Today, the bridge hosts the annual Bridge Day event and represented our state on the commemorative quarter in 2005. 11. Winfield Toll Bridge, Putnam County

32 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 33 Boone County Nellis Braxton County Brushton vicinity Nellis Historic District The town of Nellis developed after Burnsville 1920, when the American Rolling Mills Coal River Locks, Dams and Log Company (ARMCO) purchased the site Burnsville Bridge Boom Archaeological Historic as a source of coal for their steel mills. Once the only link between the two District Developing into a “model coal company sides of the town, the Burnsville Bridge Address Restricted (Kanawha, Boone and town,” Nellis included a coal company is the sole surviving metal truss bridge Lincoln Counties) store, theater, church, and school. Hous- in Braxton County. Constructed in 1893, The old locks, dams, and log booms ing followed one of four basic designs the bridge is an excellent example of a on the Coal River are an underwater that were primarily frame or brick. Pratt truss, a design patented in 1844 by resource depicting the navigation and (3/24/2000) architect Caleb Pratt and his son Thom- transportation system used on the Coal as, an engineer. (3/17/1995) River in the 19th and early 20th centu- Whitesville ries. The existing remains of timber cribs Cedarville Vicinity and portions of the locks and dams are visible during low water periods. The navigation system was important to Michael Smith House Located in the rugged hinterlands of the development of the coal and tim- Braxton County along Brush Run, the ber industry in this region of the state. Michael Smith House stands as a re- Engineer William Rosecrans designed minder of the German settlers who and installed the lock and dam system, populated the area in the mid-19th cen- which is recognized as one of the earli- tury. Smith purchased 91 acres of land est complete lock and dam systems on a Madison National Bank in 1847. In 1848 he built a simple, sin- West Virginia waterway. (11/24/1997) gle-pen log house. In 1878, his son Jacob Madison National Bank built an addition, doubling the house in Madison With the anticipation of the arrival of size. The house remains in remarkably Whitesville School the railroad in the early 20th century original condition, in a setting barely and the anticipated reopening of the changed since the date of construction. Boone County Courthouse coalfields, there was an expressed inter- Boone County was established in 1847 Whitesville School (9/28/2006) est for a sound financial institution for and the present courthouse is the sec- Following a 1929 fire that destroyed the the area. Madison National Bank was ond for the county seat of Madison. original Whitesville School, the Sher- established and chartered as the first Gassaway Though plans were accepted from sig- man District Board of Education sold bank in Boone County on November 28, nificant architect H. Rus Warne in 1917, bonds to fund construction of a new 1902 and operated in a one-room store the building was not finished until 1921. school. They hired Charleston archi- Gassaway Depot until the new building was constructed The Gassaway Depot, constructed in The courthouse is the prime example of tects, Wysong, Bengston and Jones, in 1918. The building was designed in 1915 of native blue sandstone quarried early 20th century classicism in south- to design the modern, Art Deco-style the Beaux Arts style and constructed by within the town itself, represents the western West Virginia. The three-story, school building. Elements of the style the Huntington firm, J.J. West and Com- influence of the Coal & Coke Railway gray limestone building of Neoclassical evident on the building include parallel pany. Most noteworthy is a three-story, upon the development of Gassaway. design, features Beaux-Arts Classical lines, reeding and fluting, vertical bands multi-light, arched window opening A good example of the Romanesque influences, most notably in the open of windows, inspiring murals, polychro- flanked on either side by Corinthian Revival style, the rectangular two-story domed belvedere above the central matic effects, and low-relief geometric pilasters. 8/02/2007) building boasts a hipped roof of red ce- mass. (4/9/1981) ( designs. (12/18/2013)

34 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 35

Union Civil War Fortification work to promote and advance Sutton Brooke County Address restricted and Braxton Counties helped attract the Early in 1861, a blockhouse was con- Coal & Coke Railway. Haymond’s home structed by Federal forces on the Cun- was a showpiece for its time, complete Bethany ningham Farm overlooking a key bridge with hot and cold running water, cen- along the Weston and Gauley Bridge tral heat, and Lincrusta wall coverings. (4/21/2004) Bethany Historic District Turnpike. Confederate forces attempted The Bethany Historic District represents to overtake the garrison on October 13, the many facets of Bethany’s past, in- 1863. Though the blockhouse no longer Sutton Downtown Historic cluding the Disciples of Christ move- remains, the rifle pits and the trenches Gassaway Depot District ment and the founding of remain. Federal occupation lasted from The approximately 11 Bethany College, the first 1861-1865. Bulltown Multiple Resource square block district degree-granting insti- ramic tile as well as projecting pavilions Area (3/21/1984) on the longer facades. The interior is still boasts portions of tution in West Virginia. decoratively finished with beaded board its original 1904 brick The district is composed wainscot, tongue-in-groove flooring, Weston and Gauley Bridge paving and is occupied of academic buildings, and massive carved wooden waiting Turnpike by a mixture of com- private residences, farm benches. (3/17/1994) Constructed in 1849, the 110-mile mercial, government, structures, cemeteries, turnpike crossed the central region of and residential build- and commercial build- th western Virginia. Remnants of stone ings. Many mid- 19 ings, all reflecting the Napier Vicinity th piers that supported the Bulltown cov- and early 20 century William Edgar Haymond House architectural influences ered bridge are visible during a portion styles are present. A of the late 19th and early Bulltown Multiple Resource Area of the year along the shore of the Little section of the original 20th centuries. (4/1/1982) The two nominated resources of the Kanawha River. This turnpike was heav- Weston and Gauley Bridge Turnpike Bulltown Multiple Resource Area are ily used for transportation of goods and serves as a main thoroughfare. “The Alexander Campbell Mansion interpreted and maintained by the U.S. for the military during the Civil War. Old Byrnes” house, a one-story Greek The Campbell Mansion and its sur- Army Corps of Engineers as the Bull- This ten-mile stretch of the old turnpike Revival house, is thought to have sur- rounding farmstead provide unique town Historic Area. Found in a park-like is owned and managed by the US Army vived the burning of Sutton during the insight into the life of Alexander Camp- setting, the farm and Civil War fortifica- Corps of Engineers as a hiking/biking Civil War. The Braxton County Court- bell, founder of Bethany College and of tions are integral to the understanding trail. (1/22/1999) house, a two-story brick Romanesque the religious movement known as the of the 1863 battle and subsistence farm- structure designed by Felix J. Baxter, a Disciples of Christ. The “Sage of Betha- ing in central West Virginia. (6/26/84) Sutton local resident, sits in the center of town. ny” was a man of great religious, educa- (7/10/1987) tional and political conviction and was Cunningham Farm famous for his debates with many of the William Edgar This farmstead was settled by the Cun- Tesla Vicinity most influential minds of the day. The ningham family in the early 1800s and Haymond House Campbell Mansion, constructed almost is an excellent example of 19th century William Edgar Haymond commissioned Windy Run Grade School entirely of walnut on a limestone foun- farm architecture. The main building of Edward Bates Franzheim to design his Windy Run Grade School, constructed dation, includes a schoolroom, dormito- the farmstead is a two-story log building home in 1894. Haymond wanted his in 1889 by local builder, Jacob Huff- ry and guest wing. Campbell also built a constructed c. 1850 by Hugh Cunning- home to reflect his local status as a Brax- man, is a classic example of a one-room detached hexagonal study constructed ham. The property also includes a gra- ton County attorney, developer, and one school house and may be the only of brick. Contained in the surrounding nary and food cellar. Bulltown Multiple time candidate for the House of Repre- remaining example in the county. The farmstead are a schoolhouse, a smoke- Resource Area (3/21/1984) sentatives. His litigation career spanned house/springhouse, and the cemetery in the era of hotly contested land titles front-gable building measures 24’ by 28’. (1/12/1984) which may be found the graves of many associated with the booming coal, gas, Campbell family members, including oil, and timber industries. His tireless 36 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 37

that of Alexander himself. (10/15/1970; Old Main, Bethany College the Washington Pike, the inn catered the community’s outskirts in a park-like National Historic Landmark 4/19/1994) Old Main is the principal building at to drovers moving livestock along the setting. Roads and lots were planned to Bethany College. The school was found- turnpike. In addition to food and lodg- take advantage of the undulating hillside. Delta Tau Delta Founders House ed in 1840 by Alexander Campbell, ing for the drovers, the inn’s grounds The cemetery also includes a variety of This Greek Revival house has been home principal founder of the Disciples of supplied ample fodder for cattle. The Victorian-era funerary art and mauso- to countless Bethany College students Christ, and was his pioneering attempt property also includes a log house and leums. Historic Resources of Pleasant and student organizations, but is best to realize one of the four elements he frame house which pre-date the inn. Avenue (5/16/1986) known as the birthplace of the Delta Tau saw essential to comprehensive educa- (8/29/1992) Delta college fraternity. Chartered in tion; family, school, college, and church. General I. H. Duval Mansion 1859 by eight students, Delta Tau Del- Following a fire that destroyed the orig- Wellsburg Completed in 1862 during the Civil War, ta now boasts thousands of members inal main building in 1857, Campbell this Greek Revival house was home to in colleges and universities across the and his trustees toured various eastern General I. H. Duval. The son of a glass- country. (5/29/1979) cities seeking model architecture. They maker, Duval was an early lawyer and selected James Keys Wilson of Cincinna- investor in the area. He spent much of Old Bethany Church (Bethany ti as the primary architect to design the his career in the military, both in the Church of Christ) Collegiate Gothic style building. Con- west and during the Civil War. Following Built in 1852, using materials salvaged struction began in 1858, but was halted the war, he served in the U. S. Congress from the original meetinghouse, this by the Civil War. Work resumed in 1869 and state legislature. Historic Resources church represents the history of the and concluded two years later. It features of Pleasant Avenue (5/16/1986) Disciples of Christ, a religious sect with a 140-foot clock tower that dominates roots in the town of Bethany. The local the community. (8/25/1970; National Elmhurst congregation, organized c. 1829, was Historic Landmark 6/21/1990) This Greek Revival country house was led by Alexander Campbell, a licensed Beallmore built for William Tarr in 1848. William preacher and founder of Bethany Col- Pendleton Heights and his brother, Campbell, made their lege. The building includes an embedded Constructed in 1841, the original build- Beallmore fortunes in commerce on the Ohio plaque which honors the original Betha- ing was a box-like house with a central Beallmore was constructed in 1907 for River. They were active land speculators, ny Church built in 1830. (12/12/1976) portico. To bring the house into accord Wiley Beall and his wife, Edith. Beall, entrepreneurs, farmers and investors. with other campus structures, Pendleton heir to one of West Virginia’s earli- Tarr’s descendants who lived at Elm- Heights was transformed into a Gothic est families, owned and operated the hurst include Isabella Tarr Jacob and her edifice with the addition of three-sided Commerce Bank of Wellsburg and was husband, J. G. Jacob, editor of the Well- bays, steep gables, and arched windows an active local investor. The Neoclassi- sburg Herald, and author of the History in 1872. Home to William K. Pendle- cal Revival house is faced with glazed of Brooke County. James Paull, the last ton, second president of the college orange brick and features a two-story Tarr descendant to live at Elmhurst, was and co-designer of Old Main, it later portico with fluted Corinthian columns. a long-time member of the West Virgin- served as the first female dormitory. Historic Resources of Pleasant Avenue ia Senate. Historic Resources of Pleasant (6/26/1975) (5/16/1986) Avenue (5/16/1986)

Fowlerstown Brooke Cemetery David and Lucy Fleming Brooke Cemetery was planned in 1857 Mansion Inn at Fowlerstown (Drover’s by John Chislett, first Superintendent The Fleming Mansion was built in 1845 Inn) and designer of Pittsburgh’s Allegheny by William H. Tarr as a farmhouse for Cemetery. Like others designed during his daughter, Lucy, and her husband, Da- John Fowler built the Greek Revival inn the country’s rural cemetery movement, vid Fleming. Fleming was a prominent between 1848 and 1851. Located on the Brooke Cemetery was established on entrepreneur and farmer in Wellsburg Old Main, Bethany College highest point along a ridge overlooking 38 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 39

during the Civil War period. The Greek Millers Tavern to be used by architects for its design. “Check Houses” as they were known, Revival style of the home is similar to Located opposite the Wellsburg Wharf, The brick house is Queen Anne in style are situated at the northern and south- William Tarr’s own house which is a Millers Tavern was once a focal point in with elements of the Stick style and fea- ern ends of the wharf. During the nine- short distance away. The property also a thriving riverfront community. It was tures a large, three-story square tower. teenth and early twentieth centuries, includes a carriage house that features a an integral part of the social and eco- Historic Resources of Pleasant Avenue these warehouses held a variety of goods pyramidal roof capped by a square cupo- nomic fabric of a river town that rivaled (5/16/1986) including grain, whiskey, cheese, nails, la. Historic Resources of Pleasant Avenue Wheeling as a leading commercial cen- window glass and building materials. (5/16/1986) ter on the upper Ohio River in the early Wellsburg Historic District (11/27/1979) 19th century. The tavern served as a hos- Wellsburg’s origins as a frontier settle- telry for travelers and passengers travel- ment date to the 1770s when the Cox Wellsburg Vicinity ling to and from Pittsburgh, Wheeling, brothers, Johnathan, Israel and Friend, Marietta, Cincinnati, and New Orleans. built a cabin near Buffalo Creek and the The two-story brick building was con- Ohio River. One of the first business Danforth Brown House Danforth Brown was a leading business structed c. 1800 in an L-shape plan with enterprises was Charles Prather’s ferry, man, industrial leader, and noted land a front unit and a lengthy rear exten- which transported passengers across the developer who helped to promote the sion. A second portion was completed river into Ohio. Warehouses and boat- Washington Pike area in Brooke Coun- c. 1900 to form a rectangular building. yards developed around the Wharf by ty. Brown purchased property in 1820, (12/14/1978) 1800 and Wellsburg soon became one of anticipating the planned route, and built the leading exporters on the Ohio River. his house a few years later. The Wash- The glass industry flourished here in the Lewis Hall Mansion Harry and Louisiana Paull ington Pike played an important role in 19th century and the town had an active Mansion (Morningside) the development of Brooke County and business district. While early transporta- Harry Paull, with his brothers James was a major transportation link between Lewis Hall Mansion and Samuel, was involved in the oil and tion was by river traffic, after 1870 it was Lewis Hall made his fortune in com- Wellsburg and Washington, Pennsyl- natural gas exploration during the oil by rail. The district boundaries include merce, industry and entrepreneurship vania, as well as other eastern cities. boom days of the upper Ohio Valley. most of town’s commercial and residen- before he built his Greek Revival man- (8/29/1992) They moved to Wellsburg, married into tial buildings and display various archi- sion as a country estate in 1850. The th prominent Brooke County families, and tectural styles popular in the 19 and brick house has a later Neoclassical Re- th Nicholls Residence and Woolen founded the Eagle Glass Company. This early 20 centuries. (4/4/1982) vival portico on the front facade. Other house was built for Paull and his wife, Mill Site owners include Greathouse Lazear, who The original house on this property was Louisiana Beall, in 1911. The use of engineered the effort to bring the rail- built by Colonel James Marshel, who Mediterranean style with Spanish Colo- road to Wellsburg and built the Lazear also built the nearby dam and mill in nial elements is unusual for the area and Glass Works, and S. O. Paull, who estab- 1795 along the Buffalo Creek. The prop- was designed by the Wheeling firm of lished Eagle Glass Works with his two erty was purchased in 1887 by William Giesey and Faris. Historic Resources of brothers. Historic Resources of Pleasant T. Nicholls, a pioneer in the local brick Pleasant Avenue (5/16/1986) Avenue (5/16/1986) industry. In 1893 Nicholls began to Wellsburg Historic District improve upon the original house, either Lucy Tarr Mansion encircling it with a new brick house or Kirker House Constructed c. 1885, the Lucy Tarr The Kirker House is an example of the building upon the original foundation. Mansion was occupied by the unmar- Wellsburg Wharf work of James H. Matthews, a local The Second Empire style house exhibits ried heirs of Campbell Tarr, Jr. , siblings Although riverboats no longer dock builder known for constructing high- excellent workmanship in the woodwork Lucy, Ellen and brother, E. R. The house along Wellsburg’s historic riverfront, the style houses as well as several local glass and features a central tower with man- was designed by Ellen, who attended original cobblestone pavement remains factories. The house was constructed in sard roof, a primary characteristic of the the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts to remind visitors that this was once 1884 in the Italianate style. Historic Re- style. The property includes the remains and constructed a model of the house a busy commercial center. The rub- sources of Pleasant Avenue (9/15/1986) ble foundations of two warehouses, or of the mill and dam. (11/13/1997) 40 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 41

John C. Reeves House Turnpike, C&O Railway, and the Mid- Congress. He was also elected to the in government positions and elected The John C. Reeves House is a fine land Trail, as well as the establishment of Confederate Congress after Virginia suc- offices at a time when those positions example of Italianate style architec- Barboursville Seminary, later known as ceeded in 1861. During the Civil War, he where overwhelmingly Democrat. ture with tall, narrow windows, a low- Barboursville College and Morris Har- proved himself an able military leader, (12/24/2008) pitched roof, and wide eave overhangs. vey College. This history is represented achieving the rank of brigadier general. Built in 1870, the house is the result of by a number of surviving commercial The house is a late example of the Feder- Huntington Reeve’s success in the sheep and wool buildings dating from the mid-19th cen- al style of architecture. (5/22/1978) trade. At the time, the northern panhan- tury to the mid-20th century. (7/4/2008) dle was part of a nationally recognized Guyandotte Baltimore & Ohio Railroad zone of fine Merino wool production. Depot Reeves and his peers built fine homes Located in the central business district, that symbolized their rise in power and Thomas Carroll House (Madie the 1887 two-story depot, along with its prosperity. (9/28/2006) Carroll House) freight building, came to play an import- The exact age of the house is unknown, ant role as a focal point in Huntington, a Vancroft but early owner, James Gallager, pur- town that formed as the western termi- chased the lot in 1810, and according to nus of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad. Vancroft was built in 1901 by Joseph B. the Cabell County Annals “floated his The original line serving this passenger Vandergrift, heir to one of Pittsburgh’s home down to Guyandotte and set it depot ran between Guyandotte and largest steel fortunes. The manor house up and went into business.” The present Kenova and was owned by the Hunting- is a sprawling Shingle Style mansion Thornburg House house is comprised of three sections, all ton and Big Sandy Railroad. This was featuring low roof lines, a rough-hewn built at different times. Thomas Carroll taken over by the Ohio River Railroad, stone turret, stone chimneys, and a purchased the home in 1855, and the which merged with the B&O Railroad by broad entry gable with recessed balco- Thornburg House George E. Thornburg, son of a prom- family ran a boarding house and inn for 1901. (10/30/1973) ny and porch. Vancroft was designed inent Cabell County family, served in river men and as a stop for stagecoaches as a working farm with architecturally the Virginia General Assembly and as on the James River Turnpike. (6/1/1973) designed dairy barns, horse stalls, swine Barnett Hospital and Nursing one of the county’s first school superin- and poultry houses, shop and utility School tendents. His Queen Anne style house sheds. (9/15/1986) Zachary Taylor Wellington Dr. Clinton Constantine Barnett, as was constructed in 1901 near Barbours- House well as his hospital and nursing school, ville’s public square. It features a large Zachary Taylor Wellington impacted made a significant positive impact on Cabell County corner turret with conical roof and a local politics and government as one of the medical education of African Amer- wraparound porch with a series of Ionic the founding members of the Republi- icans in West Virginia and beyond. He columns. (4/25/1991) can Party in southern West Virginia and personally founded, owned, and admin- Barboursville until his death was an active member of istered his hospital unlike most black Green Bottom Vicinity the local Republican party. He served hospitals of the day that were govern- Barboursville Historic District ment or charity sponsored facilities that Barboursville was established in 1813 General Albert Gallatin Jenkins hired African Americans. The Barnett and a town plan was laid out with 34 Hospital and Nursing School not only lots, a public square and three principal House provided medical doctor internships Although built by successful Virginia roads, Water, Center and Main Streets. and nursing education to local and West businessman Captain William Jenkins Soon after, it was named the county seat, Virginia medical professionals, but also in 1835, the house is most prominently making it a central place for business. to medical professionals from all over associated with his son, General Albert Since this time, Barboursville has expe- the country who were denied such edu- Gallatin Jenkins. Jenkins was an accom- rienced several evolutionary develop- cation elsewhere. Dr. Barnett also served plished lawyer and politician, having ments relating to transportation routes, as the first African American to manage served two terms in the United States including the James River and Kanawha Zachary Taylor Wellington House a state hospital facility. In 1919 he was 42 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 43

appointed Superintendent of Lakin State politician who was elected to the West two remaining steam locomotives of its Hospital. (12/30/2009) Virginia House of Delegates and served type. The locomotive was designed spe- as Huntington’s mayor from 1919 to cifically for the Appalachian Mountain Cabell County Courthouse 1922. Campbell is known for having region, which required that the engine The city of Huntington was laid out helped small land owners in the early haul heavy freight while navigating the th during two years in the early 1870s to 20 century court case when Henry C. steep inclines and sharp curves common serve as the terminus for Collis P. Hun- King tried to claim large tracts of land to the rugged topography. (1/31/2003) tington’s C&O Railroad. In 1887, it was in southern West Virginia. Following selected as the new county seat, reflect- Campbell’s retirement and move, the Douglass Junior and Senior High ing its newly assumed role as the dom- house was occupied by Dr. Ira Clay School inant urban and transportation center Hicks, a prominent physician and sur- Douglass Junior and Senior High School of the region. The new courthouse was geon who received a national reputation served as a cultural and educational constructed by 1901 in a design super- as a specialist in diseases of women. center for Huntington’s African Ameri- vised by locally prominent architects, Hicks also served in the West Virginia can community for nearly four decades. James B. Stewart and Robert L. Day. The Senate. The Queen Anne style house is The building was constructed in 1924 to Beaux Arts Classical style building fea- dominated by a slender two-story cir- replace the old Douglass School which Douglass Junior and Senior High School tures a pedimented central pavilion with cular tower cantilevered over the front then became an elementary school and a large domed clock tower. The c. 1940 porch from the second story. It is capped was renamed Barnett School. The new county jail is also included. (9/2/1982) by a conical roof with a delicately brack- building was designed by Ohio archi- Company, seeking additional steam eted cornice. (8/19/1985; additional tectural firm, Frampton and Bowers, in power for its subsidiary, the Buffalo Campbell-Hicks House information 4/12/1999) a traditional style with Classical Revival Creek & Gauley Railroad, bought the The Campbell-Hicks House was built details. Rated a first-class school by the locomotive and made it number 10 in its in 1896 for Charles William Campbell, Carnegie Public Library State Department of Education, the roster. (9/28/2006) a prominent southern West Virginia The Carnegie Public Library was con- enrollment continued to grow creating a structed in 1903 with $35,000 donated need for more space. Significant addi- Foster Memorial Home by industrialist-turned-philanthropist, tions came in 1937 with the construc- Bradley Waters Foster, who was promi- Andrew Carnegie. Built in a Beaux Arts tion of an auditorium and in 1950 with nent in Huntington’s business and civic Classicism style, the building features a the completion of a gymnasium. The activities in the late 19th and early 20th large pediment with an elaborately deco- school closed its doors in 1961 with the centuries, endowed the Foster Foun- rated terra cotta tympanum which dom- end of segregation. (12/5/1985) dation upon his death to develop the inates the main elevation. The building Foster Memorial Home to serve as a was formally dedicated and opened on Elk River Coal & Lumber home for elderly women. Constructed January 1, 1904 with Adrianne Burns as in 1924, it is a large, three-story, Geor- the first librarian and 750 books on the Company #10 Steam Locomotive The Elk River Coal & Lumber Compa- gian Revival building constructed of red shelves. (4/3/1980) ny #10 dates to 1924, when it emerged brick with limestone details. Classically from the shops of the ALCO works in detailed gabled dormers punctuate the Chesapeake & Ohio 1308 Steam Schenectady, New York. It is a light-duty pitched slate roof that crowns the com- Locomotive locomotive designed to serve short-lines plex. (2/27/2001) The Chesapeake & Ohio 1308 Steam and specialty carriers. Serving on the Locomotive is an excellent example of short-line Toledo, Angola, and Western Freeman Estate steam technology in the post-World War Railroad in Ohio until 1949, the small Charles H. Freeman was a leading pio- II era. Built in 1949, it is one of the last 2-8-2 class locomotive was made ob- neer in the oil and gas development in steam locomotives built by Baldwin Lo- solete by the adoption of Diesel power. southern West Virginia in the early 20th Campbell-Hicks Hose comotive Works, as well as one of only In 1950, the Elk River Coal & Lumber century. He moved his family to Hun- 44 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 45

side of Huntington. Part of this area in- Johnston-Meek House Masonic Temple / Watts, Ritter cludes the Hawthorne Historic District Built by Henry Clark in 1832, the John- Wholesale Drygoods Company which features a significant collection of ston-Meek House is a brick, two-story, Building primarily Colonial Revival architecture. Colonial Revival style residence. The Constructed in stages over a period of Distinguished West Virginia architects, house gains its dual appellation from the nearly 15 years, this reinforced steel and Edward J. Handloser and Verus T. Ritter, Johnston family farm, which was noted brick building is notable for its long as- designed some of the houses. (8/2/2007) for its superior products such as apples, sociation with Huntington Lodge #53 of wheat and other grains, and for attorney, the Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons. Freeman Estate Huntington Downtown Historic John E. Meek, who bought the house in The western section was built in 1914 to District 1919. In 1923 Meek retained prominent house the Masonic Lodge on the top two tington from Detroit to manage sever- The Huntington Downtown Historic local architect, Sidney L. Day, to trans- floors. The Watts, Ritter Drygoods Com- al endeavors including the Big Creek District represents the dynamic turn-of- form the original handmade brick, Fed- pany occupied the first five floors of the Development Company, Yawkey & the-century growth of a city designed for eral style house into a Colonial Revival seven-story building. A five-story annex Freeman Coal Company, Pond Fork Coal the future. Founded by railroad magnate style home. (4/14/2004) was built in 1922, and Company, Yawkey & Freeman Drilling Collis P. Huntington in 1871, Hunting- another two stories was Company, and the Boone Drilling Com- ton began as a support city for the Ches- Kenwood added in 1926 accommo- pany. Construction on the house at the apeake & Ohio Railroad, and developed Kenwood was designed dated the growth of the Freeman Estate was completed in 1914 into an independent center of business by noted West Virginia Watts, Ritter Company. in the Craftsman style of architecture. for the Ohio Valley region. The historic architect, H. Rus Warne, (8/26/1993) (4/23/2009) district includes businesses, hotel and and was constructed in religious buildings featuring architec- 1910 for John A. Shep- Memorial Arch Coin Harvey Residence tural styles popular at the time including herd, an attorney who Memorial Arch was The Coin Harvey Residence is so-named Italian and Renaissance Revival, Beaux later became an oil and erected in 1924 and as it was once the home of William Arts, Tudor, and Baroque. (2/24/1986; gas developer. The build- finished in 1929 as a Hope Harvey. Among other professions, boundary amendment 3/22/2007) ing displays the Neo- memorial to individuals Harvey was a gifted economist who is classical Revival style from Huntington and most remembered for his theory calling Huntington High School of architecture. It is an Cabell County who died for the free coinage of silver. He also Huntington High School was designed excellent early, residen- in World War I. The de- ran for president of the United States by architect Versus T. Ritter, well-known tial example of poured sign is Neoclassical and in 1932 as a third-party candidate. The for his designs of several local buildings reinforced concrete con- Memorial Arch resembles a scaled down stucco house is designed along classical including Huntington City Hall and struction. (8/2/2007) version of the Arch de lines with Italianate detailing. The con- Huntington National Bank. The high Triomphe in Paris. Sur- struction date of 1874 is carved into the school was constructed in 1916 to serve Liggett & Myers Tobacco faces of the 42-foot high Indiana lime- facade’s center. (8/21/1972) a growing population in Huntington. Company stone monument are expertly carved in Designed in the Neoclassical Revival This building was constructed in 1917 bas-relief depicting military and state Hawthorne Historic District style, the school features a grand double for the Liggett & Meyers Tobacco Com- insignia or seals. (4/16/1981) With the arrival of the B&O Railroad in stairway built of limestone and decora- pany which produced cigarettes and Huntington in the early 20th century, the tive stone panels, medallions, and entab- cigars under the label of Old White Ci- Memphis Tennessee Garrison population began to soar. Coinciding latures with carved shields and educa- gars. Closing in 1925, the brick buildings House tional quotations. The school remained a with this growth was the construction of were sold to the Huntington Tobacco The c. 1920 building is two bays wide part of the educational system until 1995 new residential areas. In 1913, Charles Warehouse Company and used for the and stands two-and-a-half-stories is when a new facility was constructed. L. Ritter and J.S. Perry filed and record- receiving and shipping of local tobacco named after Memphis Tennessee Gar- (4/4/2000) ed a deed establishing the Park Hill Sub- to outside markets. (8/14/1998) rison, professional educator, political division No. 1 in the hills of the south organizer, and civil-rights advocate. 46 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 47

Cemeteries in West Virginia As collective burial places, cemeteries are the focus of many individual expressions commemorating family members and spiritual beliefs. In and of itself, this characteristic does not qualify a burial place for listing in the National Register. For a cemetery to be listed, it must meet one of the four main criteria, as well as Criterion Consideration D. In many cases, cemeteries are listed for their architectural elements, funerary art, design, and commemoration, or because they house the graves of persons of transcendent importance. Below are four 5 Wheeling examples of cemeteries that have been listed in the National Register, as well as an explanation of their significance. 8 Mount Woods Cemetery Morgantown in Ohio County dates to the late 1700s, as many of 10 Martinsburg 3 Wheeling’s founding families 2 began burying their loved 6 ones in a designated area. The Woods Family was the first to use the cemetery; however, the cemetery expanded with several local families using the burial ground. The cemetery has a Huntington Charleston vast collection of Victorian 7 9 and Classical gravestones, as Mount Woods Cemetery, Ohio County well as hand-carved markers. More active as a Jewish cemetery in the 20th century, Art Deco monuments occupy a prominent space on the grounds. 1 Spencer Cemetery in Marshall County is a local, distinctive example of a family cemetery 4 Beckley gravesite monument. The Spencer grave marker, built in 1914, is located in a small family cemetery, located on the family farm, rather than in an organized cemetery. The marker is in 1. Confederate Cemetery, Greenbrier County the shape of two tree trunks with entwined branches, sometimes called “treestones.” These markers, popular during the Victorian period (1860-1900), celebrated nature. 2. Grafton National Cemetery, Taylor County Bluefield The Woodlawn Cemetery in Marion County was listed in the National Register in 2004 as a 3. Green Hill Cemetery, Berkeley County historic district. Over time, the cemetery has evolved from an informal, family burial plot to 4. Hatfield Cemetery, Logan County a planned, high-style cemetery featuring design hallmarks such as a curvilinear street plan, 5. Mount Wood Cemetery, Ohio County sweeping vistas, ornate entrance gates, and Neo-Classical and Art Deco monuments and mausoleum. Not only is Woodlawn significant for its art, architecture, and design, but it is also 6. Riverview Cemetery, Wood County (Julia-Ann the final resting place for Francis H. Pierpont, “The Father of West Virginia,” and his wife, Julia. Square Historic District) According to many historians, Julia Pierpont decorated the graves of Civil War veterans – 7. South Charleston Mound, Kanawha County regardless of their allegiance – giving rise to “Decoration Day,” now known as Memorial Day. 8. Spencer Cemetery, Marshall County Lastly, the Confederate Cemetery in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, is uniquely configured. The cemetery is a three-foot high mound in the shape of a cross serving as a mass burial site. One 9. Spring Hill Cemetery, Kanawha County of the only Confederate cemeteries in the state, it serves as a physical reminder of the Battle of 10. Woodlawn Cemetery, Marion County Lewisburg. 48 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 49

Memphis was born in Hollins, Virginia, Ohev Sholom Temple Ricketts House in 1890. She successfully established the When constructed in 1926, Ohev Sho- Designed and built in 1925 by promi- first southern West Virginia NAACP lom Temple became home to a congre- nent local architect, Levi J. Dean, the branch in Gary. Memphis traveled to gation first organized in 1887. Eclectic Ricketts House exhibits a fusion of the Washington D.C. in 1944 to speak to the in design, the temple incorporates Tudor Revival and Prairie School styles. United States Senate in favor of HR 7, a elements of Romanesque and Byzantine The house is constructed of rough-cut bill which proposed to abolish poll taxes. styles and is dominated by a squared stone laid in irregular courses and com- Ricketts House Following the death of her husband, brick dome, sheathed in green terra plimented by keystone lintels above the Memphis moved to Huntington around cotta tiles. The north face of the temple windows. The building is completed by a of Huntington as part of the system of 1957 and became president of the local is graced by a rose window depicting large and unusual roof boasting 9 ridges, winding roads that led visitors through NAACP branch. After living most of her elements of Jewish cultural heritage. 13 valleys, and 15 hips. Roof shingles the park. (12/12/2002) life in West Virginia, Memphis Tennes- The building is decorated with orna- are seven layers thick and laid in wave see Garrison passed away at the age 98 mental work in terra cotta and plaster. courses to simulate thatch. (7/15/1994) Simms School in 1988. (1/23/2017) (3/17/1994) In 1919, the local school board autho- Ritter Park Historic District rized the Committee on Buildings and Mortimer Place Historic District Old Main – Marshall University The Ritter Park Historic District is made Grounds to purchase the lot next to Developed between 1905 and 1921 by In March 1838, the General Assembly up of a 75-acre municipal park and the original 1899 Simms School for an Richard Mortimer Bates, Mortimer of Virginia passed an act formally es- several adjacent houses. The district is expansion. The board hired architect, Place is a unique residential enclave tablishing Marshall Academy. Although an excellent example of the suburban Richard M. Bates, to design the building located adjacent to Huntington’s Ritter control of the school bounced back and movement that swept the United States which was constructed the following th Park Historic District. The develop- forth between church and state in its in the early 20 century. Prior to the es- year. The building, Neoclassical Revival th ment’s twenty houses each has a stucco early years, by 1867 the state regained tablishment of the park in the early 20 in style, features an open colonnade on exterior and are embellished with ele- control, forming the State Normal century, the majority of Huntington’s the front façade with five sets of multi- ments of the Tudor Revival, Colonial School of Marshall College. Old Main development took place north of the rail light double doors with fanlight and an Revival, Mission Revival, or Flemish Re- was constructed in 1870, upon the site tracks and close to the business district. open porch above. (5/12/1997) vival architectural styles. The grouping of the school’s original log building. The Development around the park began in is distinguished from the surrounding building as it stands today is made up of earnest with the establishment of the St. Cloud (9th Street West neighborhood by its center cul-de-sac five buildings erected between 1870 and park in 1908 and its opening in 1913. arrangement with the outer lots facing 1907. (7/16/1973) Buildings represent many styles popular Historic District) The district is comprised of late 19th the city blocks and two rear alley garag- from 1913 to 1940, including Craftsman, and early 20th century architecture. St. es. (3/12/2001) Colonial, Classical, and Tudor Revival; Prichard House Cloud, now part of western Hunting- many with original servants’ quarters, The residence was constructed for Fred- ton, was once a middle and upper mid- carriage houses, and other support erick C. Prichard, a local businessman dle-class community whose families structures. Ritter Park itself boasts an and philanthropist. Constructed be- retained interests in the wood-finishing, amphitheater, lily ponds, and large stone tween 1921 and 1923, the granite stone brick manufacturing, and picture fram- entrance gates. (11/28/1990) house was designed in the Italianate ing businesses. Typical neighborhood style and features a large tower and roof features include broad, tree-filled lawns, terrace. The builder was John J. West, Rotary Park Bridge setbacks which maintain open space, who was known locally for his quality Rotary Park Bridge, built in 1929, is the and brick pavement along West Ninth workmanship. Also on the property is a only remaining intact portion of the Street. Buildings in the district range guesthouse/garage and attached chicken 1920s design of Rotary Park. The bridge from the high Victorian Parsons-Ab- house. (3/12/2001) is built of native materials popular to bott-Mosser House, built in 1870, to the Rustic style of the 1920s. The bridge more modest 1930s Colonial Revival Ohev Sholom Temple was commissioned by the Rotary Club dwellings. The Darwin Ensign House 50 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 51

was built from plans produced for Good sizeable town, marked by a central plaza 1902, replaced the original on the same Housekeeping’s exhibit at the 1933 surrounded by a semicircle of dwell- Calhoun County site. The Clay County Courthouse is a “Century of Progress” World’s Fair in ings and ringed by midden features. monument to 20th century architectural Chicago. (11/28/1980) Houses appear to have been post-built, eclecticism. The two-story building was with central hearths. (National Historic designed by Frank L. Packard, a prom- United States Post Office and Landmark 4/27/1992) inent Ohio architect, and displays both Court House classical lines and Beaux Arts details. The U.S. Post Office and Court House Milton Built of blond brick with rock-face lime- is an example of the high quality civic stone courses between the floors, the courthouse is ornamented by a portico architecture that resulted from the 1893 Morris Memorial Hospital for Tarsney Act, which allowed architects with Roman Doric columns, a domed of federal buildings to be chosen by Crippled Children cupola, and a cornice with dentils. The In gratitude for the successful treatment competition among private architectural flues from three fireplaces at the rear of of his great-nephew, Walter T. Mor- firms. The limestone faced building, de- the building join to form a spectacular ris deeded his farm to the Huntington signed in a restrained Beaux Arts clas- Alberts Chapel composite chimney. (4/20/1979) Orthopedic Hospital in 1930 specifically sicism, is composed of three structures for the care and treatment of children. constructed at different times and joined With funding and labor from the WPA, Sand Ridge to create the sense of a single edifice. Doddridge County Morris Memorial Hospital was con- (4/15/1982) structed. The property included a farm Alberts Chapel Center Point Vicinity and the hospital included a school and Alberts Chapel is the only known oc- extracurricular activities. The self-suffi- tagonal church in the state. Constructed cient hospital continued to serve as an in 1903 by the Sand Ridge Methodist Center Point Covered Bridge important children’s hospital, primarily congregation, the church was built In 1888, the Doddridge County Court serving polio victims, until the polio upon land donated by the Poling family. ordered specifications for a bridge to vaccine was considered a success and Several members of that family served span the middle fort of McElroy Creek. patient numbers declined significantly. as carpenters or donated money and Records indicate that T.W. Ancell and (5/8/2013) resources to the project. At the time of E. Underwood built the abutments United States Post Office and Courthouse listing, the church was sheathed in verti- and John Ash and S.H. Smith built the Milton Covered Bridge cal board-and-batten siding and featured superstructure. The patented long-type Lesage Vicinity Constructed on the edge of town in pointed-arch windows and an octagonal truss bridge measures 12 feet by 42 feet. 1875-76 by R.H. Baker, the 110 foot belfry. (4/15/1982) Deterioration of the structure led to Clover Archaeological Site by 14 foot bridge sat on stone abut- restoration in the early 1980s to replace Address Restricted ments. The modified Howe truss struc- board and batten siding, the metal roof, The Clover site represents one of the ture used a central arch to tie into the Clay County best-preserved examples of a Fort first and tenth “X”-shaped wooden Ancient town site. Occupied from ap- trusses. Iron tie rods provide vertical Clay proximately 1550 to 1600 A.D., Clover support between the trusses. Vertical has yielded a distinctive assemblage of siding reaches to within a foot of the lithic, ceramic, bone and metal artifacts, roof overhang. The bridge was disman- Old Clay County Courthouse Though Clay County was established now recognized throughout the Ohio tled in 1997 due to deterioration. In from parts of Braxton and Nicholas Valley region as the Clover Phase of the 2001 the WV Division of Highways reas- Counties in 1858, a permanent court- Fort Ancient culture. Excavation and sembled the bridge at the West Virginia house was not constructed until 1865. non-invasive techniques have discov- Pumpkin Park in Milton. Local residents The current building, constructed in ered evidence that Clover was once a continue to enjoy the bridge in its cur- Old Clay County Courthouse rent setting. 52 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 53

and deteriorated beams. West Virginia tion, the Krenn School is lit by five two- erty bordering the home of its builder Covered Bridges TR (8/29/1983) over-two windows. Interior furnishings and namesake. Smith was a prominent include the original gaslights and slate. citizen serving as mayor, publisher of St. Clara The school is named for John and Ade- The West Union Record, and postmas- line Krenn of St. Clara, from whom the ter. The nationally depressed economy local Board of Education purchased the affected the area in early 1905 and the Gamsjager-Wysong House land upon which it stands. (3/29/1989) building ceased to operate as an opera Built in 1906 by John Gamsjager and house. Since that time the building has local carpenter Frank Hinter, the Gams- West Union housed local meetings, recitals, grad- jager-Wysong house is typical for the uations, apartments, the West Union historic St. Clara community. St. Clara Grade School and the Doddridge Coun- West Union Downtown Historic District was established in the late 1840s in a Lathrop Russell Charter House ty Public Library. (7/25/2001) deliberate attempt to attract immigrants Built in the Italianate style, the two-story as the area around the courthouse con- to the interior and soon became home house displays the tall, crowned win- tinued to thrive as the center of busi- to a thriving German community. The dows and bracketed roof line typical of W. Scott Stuart House This three-story brick house is a blend of ness and law in the county. Commercial two-story farmhouse is a fine example of this design. The T-shaped building is the ornate Queen Anne and Neoclassical architecture within the historic district the German-influenced vernacular style surmounted by an intersecting hipped Revival styles of architecture. Construc- is joined by several examples of stunning popular throughout the farming com- roof and is ornamented by decorative tion began in 1905, resulting in a build- residential architecture which function munities of the Ohio Valley and Penn- brickwork. The Charter House was built ing with symmetrical facade and classic today as reminders of the wealth and sylvania. Rectangular with a two-story in 1877 for Dr. L.R. Charter, a respected portico, ornamented by the wraparound power of West Union. (5/22/2003) rear wing, the house rests upon a cut local physician who studied medicine in porch and high gabled roof typical of sandstone foundation and is sheathed in the New England area before moving to Queen Anne style. The Stuart House has German siding. A 19th century German West Union in 1845. (3/25/1993) West Union Residential Historic twin circular towers at the front corners, “bank barn” built into a nearby hillside District each surmounted by conical tiled roofs. and a stone and wood-frame cellar The completion of the Northwestern Doddridge County Courthouse (3/25/1993) house complete the Gamsjager home- Built of red brick, the courthouse is a Turnpike in 1838 brought econom- place. (9/4/1986) fine example of early 20th century civic ic growth to the area of West Union, architecture. The building was con- West Union Downtown Historic which became the county seat in 1845. Krenn School structed in 1899 on land donated by District The town continued to grow, especially Built with local labor and materials in prominent landowner Nathan Davis Functioning as the county seat since the following the completion of the B&O 1897, the Krenn School is a typical one- and was designed by architect J. Charles county’s inception in 1845, West Union Railroad from Harpers Ferry in 1856. grew rapidly with the rise of the local oil West Union was incorporated by the room rural schoolhouse with 1922 addi- Fulton. Constructed in the late Victo- th tions. Built of oak and yellow poplar and rian Romanesque style, the courthouse and gas industry in the mid-to-late 19 West Virginia legislature in 1881. By the th th resting upon a hand-cut stone founda- displays steeply pitched gables and is century. Reflecting the fortunes made in late 19 and early 20 centuries the oil graced by ornamental brickwork. A those industries, the area encompassed and gas industry began to develop in clock tower stands to one side of the by the historic district is rich with fine Doddridge County. This very prosperous principal entrance. (3/18/1982) examples of the Romanesque Revival, time for West Union coincides with the Neoclassical Revival, and Queen Anne construction dates of many of the West styles of architecture. Several fires in the Union homes. The architectural styles Silas P. Smith Opera House downtown area, the last in 1922, result- within the district are varied; however, The Silas P. Smith Opera House provid- ed in a gradual shift from wood con- collectively they represent the devel- ed a cultural influence in West Union struction to the more durable and fire opment and popularity of architectural from 1900-1905 during which time resistant brick and concrete. Develop- styles from the late 19th to the early de- operas, musicals, and lectures were ment within the historic district contin- cades of the 20th century. (12/14/2010) regularly scheduled. The Romanesque ued into the middle of the 20th century Krenn School Revival style building was built on prop- 54 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 55

Civil War in West Virginia No other event has shaped the nation’s history like the American Civil War. Raging on for four years (1861-1865), and costing 700,000 lives, the war secured the nation’s future, but it also redefined the nation’s identity. West Virginia’s connection to the Civil War is undeniably strong, as the war was the impetus for the state’s creation. Reminders and remnants of the war between the North and South can be found all over the Mountain State. 11 The Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches, located in Hampshire Wheeling County, were built by Confederate troops between 1861 and 1862. The nearby town of Romney was coveted because of its proximity to two major transportation hubs – the Morgantown Northwestern Turnpike (present-day US Route 50) and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Hoping to control crucial supply Martinsburg lines, Union and Confederate troops exchanged control of 6 7 Romney 56 times throughout the war. Realizing the criticality 4 of defensive measures, Confederate troops began building earthen work fortifications for a much-needed advantage in Trenches at Fort Mill Ridge the western Virginia mountains. 12 10 Fort Marrow in Randolph County is part of a larger fortification complex, which includes 8 earthen works, tent sites, and the other defensive systems. The fort was constructed by the 5 Huntington Union Army in the late summer of 1861 to protect the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad as part of the Charleston 1 larger Camp Elkwater complex. Overlooking the Tygart River Valley, the fort is a seven-sided earthen redoubt, an enclosed earthwork designed to repel attacks from all sides. It played a 2 pivotal role in the defeat of Robert E. Lee’s army during the Battle of Cheat Mountain. At its 3 peak, the camp was occupied by more than 4,000 soldiers from Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, including future United States Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley. The summit of Allegheny Mountain Beckley 1. Camp Allegheny, Pocahontas County provided the Confederates with a strategic 2. Carnifex Ferry Battlefield (State Park), Nicholas location to guard the Staunton to County Parkersburg Turnpike and monitor Union 9 troops camped on Cheat Mountain. On 3. Droop Mountain Battlefield, Pocahontas County December 13, 1861, Federal forces staged a Bluefield 4. Fort Boreman, Wood County two-prong attack which was held off by the 5. Fort Marrow/Camp Elkwater, Randolph County Confederates who remained at the camp through the winter until joining Stonewall 6. Fort Mill Ridge, Hampshire County Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign. 7. Harpers Ferry Historic District, Jefferson County No discussion of the Civil War in West 8. McCoy House, Pendleton County Virginia would be complete without mention of West Virginia Independence 9. Dr. Robert B McNutt House, Mercer County Hall in Wheeling. Completed in 1859 10. Rich Mountain Battlefield, Randolph County under the supervision of architect Ammi B. 11. West Virginia Independence Hall, Ohio County Camp Allegheny, Pocahontas County Young, its original purpose was as a federal custom house. It housed the Wheeling Convention as well as the West Virginia Constitutional 12. Weston and Gauley Bridge Turnpike, Braxton Convention which led to eventual statehood for West Virginia in 1863. County 56 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 57

Page-Vawter House and camping space to the state’s Afri- New River Gorge in the early 1870s, This house was designed by architect can American youth. The Works Prog- coal production increased dramatical- William Minter in 1890 for William Nel- ress Administration (WPA) used local ly. Around the same time, John Nuttall son Page, an engineer closely associated manpower to clear land, quarry rock, opened the Nuttallburg Mine, his sec- with Hawks Nest Coal Company, Gauley and construct buildings. The extension ond in West Virginia and the third mine Mountain Coal Company, and Mount services of West Virginia State College to ship coal from the New River Gorge Carbon Coal Company. Page was the provided educational opportunities in area, and constructed a number of one chief architect and the first president of vocational agriculture, soil conservation, and two family houses, churches, and the Virginia Railroad, was active in civic home economics, and 4-H standards. schools. The mine was purchased and Page-Vawter House affairs, serving as Ansted’s mayor for 10 (6/20/1980) updated by Henry Ford’s Fordson Coal years, and served as Brigadier General in Company in the 1920s. Ford’s use of en- Fayette County the West Virginia National Guard. Upon The Old Stone House (Tyree gineering innovations, including a “rope his retirement, the Gauley Mountain Stone Tavern) and button” conveyor, streamlined his Ansted Coal Company offered the house to John Built by the Tyree family in 1824, the operations at every level. (8/22/2007) Vawter, manager of the company store. original sections of the two-story field- (8/21/1985) stone house are 22 inches thick. During Fayetteville Contentment renovations in the 1890s and 1930s, two Although constructed c. 1830, Content- additions and some porches were added. ment is most closely associated with Ansted vicinity Altamont Hotel A stone springhouse is on the east side Confederate Colonel George Imboden The Altamont Hotel was built in 1897-98 of the house and a stone wall surrounds who purchased the property in 1872. Af- New Deal Resources in Hawk’s to replace a similarly named hotel which the property. The house served as a ter moving to Fayette County, Imboden burned in 1897. The brick hotel housed Nest State Park Historic District frequent resting place for stagecoaches, was instrumental in the opening of coal a tavern in the basement for many years, Hawk’s Nest State Park first opened in drovers and individual travelers as they mining enterprises in the area. He was while the attic or third floor served to 1935 when the State of West Virginia made their way to markets, railheads or president of the County Court from sequester a jury if necessary and was purchased 31 acres to create a new state water courses. (6/20/1975) 1881 to 1885 and was elected Ansted’s park. Creation of the park was directly known as the “hung jury room.” Robert first mayor. (12/30/1974) related to President Franklin D. Roo- H. Dickinson built the hotel for Judge sevelt’s New Deal programs for work Edmonds Henry W. Brazie, a prominent attorney, Halfway House (Tyree Tavern) relief, conservation, and developing former military man, and public official The original portion of this vernacular recreational opportunities within each Nuttallburg Coal Mining Com- of Fayette County. (8/29/1979) timber house was built prior to 1810 state. The National Park Service assisted plex and Town Historic District by Joseph Skaggs, son of Ansted’s first with the initial park planning and de- After the arrival of the railroad to the Fayette County Courthouse settlers. Several additions were made sign. The Civilian Conservation Corps The Fayette County Courthouse was over the years to accommodate travelers was responsible for the first construc- designed by Wheeling architects, Fran- and stagecoaches on the Midland Trail. tion projects within the park. New Deal zheim and Giesey, and constructed in George Hunter, first postmaster of the Resources in West Virginia State Parks 1895 to serve as the county’s fourth area, resided in the house between 1827 and Forests (2/4/2011) courthouse. It was designed in the Ro- and 1834 and gave the home the name manesque Revival style and features a Mountain Cove. The post office was Clifftop Vicinity large tower with pyramidal roof, heavy moved when Colonel William Tyree, stone columns and arched windows with county sheriff between 1877 and 1881, stone lintels. The courthouse was en- took over the property in 1834. The Camp Washington Carver larged on the rear in subsequent years. house was used during the Civil War In 1937, the West Virginia Legislature The early 20th century jail on the lot is as a command post by both armies. approved the creation of a “Negro 4-H random ashlar and rock-faced stone. Camp” that would offer recreational Nuttallburg Coal Mining Complex and Town (12/18/1978) Historic District (9/6/1978) 58 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 59

Fayetteville Historic District became an integral part of the com- sign, its construction represents several Fayetteville, originally known as Van- munity upon completion in 1951. The construction achievements. The engi- dalia, was established as the Fayette middle section houses a gymnasium neers and ironworkers overcame major County seat in 1837. The completion of and auditorium which has hosted music obstacles due to its enormous scale and a turnpike through the area in the mid- shows from Grand Ole Opry, stars such the then-remote Appalachian location. 19th century contributed to the town’s as James Brown, Ice Capades, presiden- (8/14/2013) early growth and development. Though tial candidates Hubert Humphrey and the Civil War devastated the town, res- John F. Kennedy, and many local craft Gauley Bridge idents returned and rebuilt. Fayetteville shows, boxing competitions and other Bank of Glen Jean was incorporated in 1883. The historic events. An annual Veteran’s Apprecia- district encompasses the downtown tion Ceremony is held the Sunday before Gauley Bridge Railroad Station magnate, Thomas G. McKell. The Bank The Gauley Bridge Railroad Station was commercial district, including the coun- Veteran’s Day. Displaying elements of of Glen Jean was constructed in 1909 to completed in 1893 by the C&O Railroad ty courthouse. Residential sections flank the Neoclassical Revival style of archi- serve as the center of his financial em- Company. It was to serve as a terminus the commercial core with high style tecture, the building was designed by pire. With 28-inch thick walls, the stone for excursions from Ohio to see the “his- houses on Maple and Fayette Avenues. architect L.T. Bengtson and constructed building is a local architectural land- toric Gauley Bridge.” The design of the (12/20/1990; additional documentation by Hill Company, Inc. (5/31/2016) mark. (2/10/1983) board and batten building follows the 11/12/1997) typical pattern offered by the railroad Fayetteville Vicinity company. (5/15/1980) Landisburg E.B. Hawkins House The E.B. Hawkins House was construct- Kay Moor Mine ed in 1906 for Hawkins, a wealthy politi- Glen Ferris Dr. John Hughart House Kay Moor Coal Mine No. 1 operated Dr. John E. Hughart served as a com- cian who served as mayor of Fayetteville, from 1900 until 1962 in the New River pany physician for the coal mining and County Clerk and Sheriff in the early coalfields, famous for “smokeless” coal. Glen Ferris Inn (Stockton’s Inn) lumber mill communities along the New 20th century. The Dutch Colonial Revival The original section of the Glen Ferris Kay Moor was named for James Kay, River Gorge. In 1917, the Babcock Coal style house features a gambrel roofline Inn was constructed in the early 19th a Low Moor Iron Company employ- & Coke Company built Hughart an elab- and large porches. During his residency, century. It was home to Aaron Stockton, ee. The district includes an abandoned orate stone and wood Craftsman style Hawkins also built a guest house, tenant prominent local businessman, who oper- coal mine with multiple drift openings, house in the lumber mill community of house, barn and garage. (1/8/1990) ated an ordinary to accommodate trav- associative extractive and processing Landisburg. The house exhibits digni- elers on the James River and Kanawha machinery, and the site of the accompa- fied hallmarks of the style, with a steep Turnpike. During the Civil War, it Soldiers and Sailors Memorial nying coal town. (11/8/1990) side gable roof, wide front porch, and served as a quartermaster’s depot for Building multiple dormers. Hughart’s combined the Union. In the early 20th century the Located in the center of Fayetteville, the office/garage and the springhouse match New River Gorge Bridge Federal-style building was enlarged and Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Building The New River Gorge Bridge, the most the architecture of the main house. remodeled with Classical Revival details. expensive undertaking of the Appala- (3/26/2001) It was later purchased and enlarged by chian Development Highway System, Electro Metallurgical Company to house was completed in 1977 and played an bachelor employees as well as visiting Montgomery important role in the development of managers. (5/25/1991) the area, linking areas north and south of the gorge as well as West Virginia’s Main Building, Montgomery “Corridor L Communities” with the rest Glen Jean Preparatory School (Old Main) of the state. At time of construction, the Construction began for this large brick bridge’s arch made it the longest steel Bank of Glen Jean building in 1895 and was completed two arch bridge in the world. Though the William McKell inherited the town of years later. The school began as a Prepa- New River Gorge Bridge bridge itself employs a conventional de- Glen Jean in 1904 from his father, coal ratory Branch of West Virginia Univer- 60 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 61

sity. In 1921, it became New River State County coal mine in 1876. By 1906, Dix- by rail for many years. The commercial School, a junior college. An engineering on had created the New River Company, storefronts abutted the railroad tracks. department was added in 1925 and three a major business and industrial force in Thurmond included the C&O railroad years later, a liberal arts curriculum the New River coalfields. After Dixon’s depot, two banks as well as two hotels and engineering courses were added. ouster in 1912, the company began a on each side of the river. One of the In 1941, it became the WV Institute of project of modernization and centraliza- chief railroad centers for the southern Technology. (6/25/1980) tion, bringing its management together coalfields, the town is significant for its in the General Office building in 1917. railroad architecture and its vernacular Mt. Hope (4/21/2004) workers housing. The town thrived until the 1950s when diesel engines replaced steam power. (1/27/1984) Cedarville School Mount Hope Historic District Oak Hill Mount Hope flourished after 1894 when retains many of its original features the railroad was extended through the Oak Hill Railroad Depot Whipple including rolled-steel window assem- area to the C&O main line. The area The White Oak Railway, formed by the blies, wooden gym floor, and stage. quickly became a regional business White Oak Coal Company, built a line Whipple Company Store (3/25/1994) center and was also the headquarters of from Glen Jean to Oak Hill in 1903. This company store was the center of the New River Company, one of West The depot was constructed to serve as social activity in the busy mining com- Glenville Virginia’s leading coal producers. The a checkpoint for counting coal cars and munity of Whipple from the mid 1890s district includes many examples of the tonnages. It also served as a passenger until the mine closed in August 1957. John E. Arbuckle House architectural styles that were popular and freight station. The depot is repre- Justus Collins built the store c. 1900 for th th th In the early 20 century, John E. Ar- in the late 19 and early 20 centuries sentative of the prevalent style of rail- his Whipple Colliery Company which buckle was a successful local banker including Late Victorian, Italianate, Co- road stations built in small communities was acquired in 1905 by the New River th th and businessman in Glenville. After lonial Revival, and the American Four- during the late 19 and early 20 centu- Company. The large angular landmark his marriage in 1909, Arbuckle com- square. (8/03/2007) ries. (3/17/1995) features a prominent arched opening missioned the construction of a large, at the main entrance. The first floor two-and-a-half story Queen Anne home. New River Company General Prince appears to be an octagon when viewed Characteristics of the style include Office Building from the front but is actually six-sided; the octagonal tower, classical porch- the core of the second story is an octag- The New River Company General Office Prince Brothers General Store es, and extraordinary interior details. Building was the headquarters of the onal plan. (4/26/1991) (11/21/1991) West Virginia’s leading smokeless coal (Berry Store) The Prince Brothers General Store was producer from 1917 to the 1980s. The constructed c. 1900 to house a grocery Glenville Truss Bridge New River Company was established in Gilmer County and dry goods business. It also served as The Glenville Truss Bridge is a Pratt 1906 by Samuel Dixon, an English im- the local post office for several decades. through truss bridge designed by Stew- migrant who came to work in a Fayette Cedarville This private entrepreneurial investment art Shirreffs & Co. of Richmond, Virgin- of the Prince family was made during ia and fabricated by the Wrought Iron the pioneer phase of the New River coal Cedarville School Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio. It was field. (4/17/1986) Built in 1923, the Cedarville School constructed in 1885 and served vehicu- served the local farming community of lar traffic until 1929. (12/4/1998) Thurmond Cedarville as a junior high until 1943 and as a grade school until 1968. One Little Kanawha Valley Bank of the few historic buildings remaining The Little Kanawha Valley Bank, built Thurmond Historic District from the town’s heyday, the stucco-cov- in 1901, is a single-story building with Located in the heart of the New River ered frame building is sited on a hill a simple rectangular plan and a clas- New River Company General Office Building Gorge, Thurmond was accessible only overlooking the community. The school sically-detailed, pressed-metal facade. 62 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 63

Although such inexpensive facades were Glenville Vicinity from the local tannery, the Catholic, popular during the first decades of the Methodist and Presbyterian denomi- 20th century, few have survived. The nations all responded by building new bank building has been moved three Gilmer County Poor Farm churches. Each of Gormania’s churches times; it now stands only one block from Infirmary exhibited a simple Late Gothic Revival its original location. (8/5/1991) The infirmary building is the last major style architectural scheme, with a rect- remaining building which represents the angular floorplan, clapboard siding, former Gilmer County Poor Farm. De- Ruddell General Store (Country square bell towers with pyramidal roof- signed by local architect Albert Newton lines and pointed-arch windows. Built Store Museum) West, the building was constructed in The Ruddell General Store played a role in 1888, the Gormania Presbyterian 1907 and used until 1941. Simple in de- Church is the oldest remaining religious in the early commercial development sign, the building included a clinic, living of Glenville as one of two general stores building in town. (9/7/2005) room, parlor, kitchen, dining room, Job’s Temple that opened in the 1890s. The store re- laundry, bathrooms, offices, and sleeping mained in the Ruddell family for over 80 quarters. (12/4/1998) section of Gilmer County for 100 years. Lahmansville Vicinity years and operated into the 1970s. The (12/4/1998) store interior includes its original tin ceiling, wooden floors, mezzanine, and Job’s Temple Noah Snyder Farm Job’s Temple was founded by an an- Trubada The Snyder Farm illustrates the develop- shelving. (12/15/1998) ti-slavery faction of the Pisgah Meth- ment of family-owned farms in mid-19th odist Church. Although construction Duck Run Cable Suspension century Grant County. Lemuel Vance Whiting House was started before the Civil War, it was Bridge built the original two-story, four-room The Whiting House was built in 1897 not completed until 1866. The Tem- log farmhouse in 1853. Noah Snyder Completed in 1922, construction of the for businessman Charles Thomas Whit- ple is a rectangular log building con- made several additions when he pur- Duck Run Cable Suspension Bridge was ing and his wife, Sarah. The house was structed with local poplar trees and chased the farm three years later, adding a community effort to provide a safer designed in the Queen Anne style of clay chinking. It served as the center of several log dwellings from other farms crossing of the Little Kanawha River architecture by the firm of Albert New- social activities and was a refuge during to form an L-shape plan by 1870. During than the water ford allowed. The cable ton West. The house displays a variety of flooding for the area well into the 20th suspension design of Gilmer Coun- architectural detail including woodwork century. There are over 122 graves in ty engineers, William Moss and Fred by local artisan, Theodore Hauman. the cemetery representing local families. Lewis, offered the cheapest method to (12/4/1998) (5/29/1979) carry cars and still provide a clear span of more than 200 feet. The design was Stouts Mill adapted from the popular suspension bridges of the 19th century, but used Stouts Mill Bridge newer wire rope technology and materi- The Stouts Mills Bridge is a steel, als. (7/9/1997) pin-constructed Baltimore Camelback through truss bridge built in 1897 by the Canton Bridge Company. Following Grant County construction, the bridge improved the transportation network of Gilmer Coun- Gormania ty by adding access across the Little Kanawha River. It also assisted in the Gormania Presbyterian Church development of the community of Stouts When Gormania’s population increased Mill and served the community and this th Whiting House in the late 19 century due to profits Gormania Presbyterian Church 64 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 65

its heyday in the late 1800s the Snyder businesses, such as banks, hotels, and farm included over 1,000 acres of land. Greenbrier County general stores, creating a center of com- (6/10/1975) merce. The district is associated with Alderson several significant individuals including Petersburg I.T. Mann, Edwin Mann, James Mann, Alderson Bridge John Alderson, and “Uncle” George Al- derson. This district also displays several Hermitage Motor Inn (also in Monroe County) The Alderson Bridge stretches from the architectural styles popular in the late Original owner Jacob Kenny Chambers th th commercial area of Alderson, located in 19 and early 20 centuries including built the two-story house c. 1840-41 Rohrbaugh Cabin Monroe County, to County Route 3 on Italianate, Queen Anne, and Art Deco. using slaves who fired the bricks on the (11/12/1993) property. It housed troops during the the southwest corner and a World War the north side of the Greenbrier River Civil War and in 1881 began its long use I Memorial stands near the entrance. in Greenbrier County. After the first as a hotel. Popular because of its conve- (10/26/1979) bridge was determined to be unsafe, the Argabrite House The Queen Anne style Argabrite House nience to the county courthouse, it also town of Alderson petitioned Monroe was designed by the architectural firm accommodated tourists, hunters and Petersburg Vicinity and Greenbrier Counties to construct a of Jacob H. Daverman & Sons and fishermen because of the nearby scenic new bridge. What resulted was a multi- constructed c. 1908. Daverman & Sons and recreational attractions in the South span bridge constructed of reinforced The Manor operated a mail order business selling Branch Valley. A third floor was added concrete. It was constructed in 1915 The Manor was constructed around house plans across the nation and al- in the 20th century, as was a two-sto- and designed by Frank Duff McEnteer 1830 on land once owned by Lord lowing the average family to have access ry porch. South Branch Valley MRA of the Concrete Steel Bridge Company. Fairfax and Chief Justice John Marshall. to the architectural designs formerly (1/14/1986) (12/4/1991) Peter Hutton of Moorefield purchased exclusive to the wealthy. The plans for the property in 1819 and later built “The the Argabrite House were advertised as Old Grant County Courthouse Manor” for his son Jesse and daughter- Alderson Historic District (also in Monroe County) “Modern Colonial No. 18.” The house Amidst controversy over the location in-law Belinda. The main house is an Though the Alderson Ferry was estab- is the only extant example of the style of the seat of government, the Grant L-shaped, two-story brick building with lished in 1789, Alderson remained a designed by the firm. (4/16/2009) County Courthouse was built in Peters- a two-story portico. (12/18/1975) burg in 1879. Alterations resulting in its small farming and residential communi- ty until the arrival of the C&O Railroad Alexander McVeigh Miller House current form were made in 1909 from a Rohrbaugh Cabin design by Maryland architect, George F. in the 1870s. By 1877 there were 60 (The Cedars) This c. 1880 farmstead is a complex of houses and 400 people. The business dis- “The Cedars” was built in 1881 by Alex- Sansbury. The courthouse is a Neoclas- buildings, archaeological deposits and sical building with a large center section, trict grew as well during this time with ander McVeigh Miller on land that was farmland. The main cabin is a two-and- a gift from his father, William G. Miller. wings, and a two-story pedimented front a-half story, double-pen log house built portico. A 1960s addition is situated at The property was originally the home of with hewn poplar logs on a stone foun- Mittie Clark Miller who is credited with dation. Outbuildings include a frame the authorship of 80 novels. In 1939 it storage shed, log animal pen and the became the home of Mrs. Ruth Bryan remains of a stone springhouse, corn- Owen Rhode, the daughter of William crib and root cellar. A portion of the Jennings Bryan. She was a widely-known early Smokehole roadbed is also pres- writer, lecturer, and university teacher; ent on the property. Generations of the as well as congresswoman and diplomat. Rohrbaugh family lived in the cabin and A short time later “The Cedars” became farmed the area until 1962. The property home to Mrs. Andrew McThenia, who is an excellent example of an isolated, th gave her energy to a well-planned land- rural farmstead from the late 19 and scaping project with hundreds of English Old Grant County Courthouse early 20th centuries. (11/3/1993) Alderson Historic District 66 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 67

Depression, members of the Civilian An 1833 addition maintained the style. settled due to the existence of the spring. Conservation Corps at Camp Alvon (4/15/2004) When it was incorporated in 1782, constructed a roadway, fire tower, and the spring and surrounding land were residence. (4/14/1994) Fairlea retained in public ownership. Public buildings were constructed, including Blue Sulphur Springs the Greenbrier County Courthouse in Meadow River Lumber Building 1837, which housed the Virginia Su- This small building was constructed by preme Court of Appeals until 1864. Blue Sulphur Springs Pavilion the Meadow River Lumber Company A stone building and retaining wall at The Blue Sulphur Springs Pavilion was in 1928 as a fair display. It served as a Lewis Spring were built in the late 18th constructed in 1834 to shelter the spring showcase for their lumber products, century. (8/17/1973) Blue Sulphur Springs Pavilion for which the Blue Sulphur Springs re- including a variety of wood trim pieces sort hotel was famous. The only remain- used in the building trades. (11/13/1997) boxwoods planted throughout the prop- ing structure from the once bustling spa erty. (12/15/1978) resort, the open-air pavilion now stands Frankford Vicinity at the center of a large field. The pavilion Alvon Vicinity has a square floor plan with each side measuring approximately 33 feet. Its Homeplace roof is supported by 12 Doric columns. Homeplace was constructed around Blue Bend Forest Camp (10/29/1992) 1850 by John Livesay and his father. The Blue Bend Forest Camp is a 26-acre brick house rests on a stone foundation rustic landscape designed and developed and features elements of the Federal by the Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) Caldwell Vicinity and Greek Revival styles of architecture. for the Monongahela National Forest (1/17/2008) between 1936 and 1938. The district Elmhurst (Caldwell Place) Homeplace includes 21 campsites, open picnic shel- Elmhurst was constructed in 1824 Lewisburg ters, an administrative office, four priv- on the banks of the Greenbrier River. John Wesley Methodist Church ies, stone retaining walls, a suspension Because of its location along the James (First Methodist Church) foot bridge, flagstone and crushed stone River and Kanawha Turnpike, it served Confederate Cemetery at The 1820 brick meeting house, credited paths, and a concrete water-retention for many years as an inn and tavern be- Lewisburg to architect John Weir, was the second reservoir. (4/20/1994) fore railroad transportation led to a de- Located atop a high knoll, the Confeder- church built by the Methodist congre- cline in its popularity. The Federal style ate Cemetery is the final resting place for gation of Lewisburg. The Greek Revival Hopkins Mountain Historic building features a two-story entrance 95 unknown Confederate dead from the vestibule was added in 1835, likely by District portico supported by four square posts. battles of Lewisburg and Droop Moun- John W. Dunn, a notable local architect Hopkins Mountain is the site of an A single-story dependency served as the tain. They are buried beneath a raised and brick mason. The gallery was used important mountain transportation servants’ quarters. (6/15/1975; boundary earthen mound that is in the shape of a by slaves who attended services before route, locally known as the Civil War increase 12/20/1990) cross. In addition to this common grave, the pro-slavery faction left the congrega- Trail, used for the rapid retreat of the there are also three stones that mark tion in 1844, following national trends. 64th Virginia Battalion after the Battle of Stone Manse the grave sites of individual burials. After the Civil War the white congrega- Droop Mountain. In the early decades The original section of the Stone Manse (2/2/1988) tion reunited and built another church of the 20th century, it included a logging was constructed in 1796 of smooth and this building was deeded to the Afri- tramway which was an early method of stone taken from the nearby river bed. It Greenbrier County Courthouse can American congregation. (6/5/1974) timber transportation utilized on sites exhibits elements of Federal style archi- and Lewis Spring where access by railroad was difficult or tecture, a style that grew in popularity The Greenbrier County Courthouse and Lewisburg Historic District not financially feasible. During the Great following the American Revolution. Lewis Spring are located on adjacent The evolution of settlement in the th lots in the public square. Lewisburg was Greenbrier Valley from the late 19 68 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 69

century is expressed in the history of 1869, after the arrival of a new minister, since its construction and served as a Lewisburg. Early explorers noted what the church was renamed Mount Tabor hospital during the Civil War for both would become quality farmlands, but it and public school classes were held in Union and Confederate soldiers. The was as the staging area for an 1,100-man the basement. In 1886 following two adjoining cemetery includes the graves army during Dunmore’s War of 1774 years of litigation, the African American of many local families. (2/23/1972) that the inviting springs helped open the congregation was declared the rightful way for a crossroads settlement. New owners of the church. (9/12/1976) Governor Samuel Price House roads made it a trading center and the The Price House was built in the 1830s courts made it the political and social John A. North House for Samuel Price, an attorney, legisla- center for much of western Virginia. The The North House was built in 1820 for tor, Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, Old Stone Church houses and commercial buildings reflect John A. North, clerk of the Greenbrier and a member of the U.S. Senate. It is th the period from the mid-18 to the early District Court of Chancery. James M. a two-story brick, Greek Revival style sic Revival details that features a large th 20 century. (7/7/1978) Frazier purchased the house in 1830 and house. Two brick octagonal outbuild- double portico with a gabled pediment converted the building into the Star Tav- ings are also of interest. One formerly and plastered columns. Withrow’s two ern to serve visitors to the area. He also served as a bath house and the other as a sons were locally successful merchants, constructed a new building to which smokehouse. (6/20/1975) and one, James II, served as a court the law library was moved in 1854 when commissioner and was several times court sessions were held in Lewisburg. South Church Street Historic elected to the West Virginia Legislature. The building was later used as a tempo- District The property includes an office used by rary hospital during the Civil War. The The South Church Street Historic Dis- James II. (12/31/1974) Georgian style-house features a double trict includes three early 20th century portico and elaborate carved wood fea- houses that are reflective of the unprec- Lewisburg Vicinity tures. (10/9/1974) Maple Street Historic District edented economic boom that took place in southeastern West Virginia during Alexander W. Arbuckle House Old Stone Church the period. The houses, constructed by Maple Street Historic District In 1822, Michael Baker hired John W. Built as a Presbyterian church in 1796, successful local businessmen, reflect The Maple Street Historic District, Dunn and Associates to design and con- the large two-story building was con- high-style architecture popular at the located on “Gospel Hill,” includes six struct a house for his property located houses constructed in the early 20th cen- structed of local limestone and enlarged time. (2/2/1988) in 1830. It has been in continuous use along the old Lewisburg-Frankford Pike. tury that historically served Lewisburg’s The brick house displays elements of the African American community. Their Supreme Court Library Building Federal and Classical styles popular at simplicity and uniformity is represen- James Frazier, a nearby tavern owner, the time and features a massive two-sto- tative of a working-class neighborhood. built the Supreme Court Library Build- ry portico and intricate woodwork by (4/6/1988) ing in 1834 to be used by lawyers, judg- the Greenbrier Valley’s premier wood es, and jurors as a library and meeting carver, Conrad Burgess. The farm was Mount Tabor Baptist Church space during the annual three-month purchased by Alexander W. Arbuckle Originally known as the Lewisburg Bap- session of the Virginia Supreme Court of in 1835 and subsequently served four tist Church when it was constructed in Appeals. The building was used by the generations of the Arbuckle family. 1832, the church was traditionally seg- court until 1864. (2/23/1972) (5/3/1976) regated with African American partic- ipants worshiping in the gallery. Mem- James Withrow House Hartland bership dwindled after the Civil War, but In 1818, James Withrow, a well-estab- The original section of Heartland was the African American community asked lished tanner, hired local architect and constructed by James Rodgers, son of the remaining members to permit their brickmason, John Weir, to build his Ann Clendenin Rogers, a survivor of the continued use of the meetinghouse. In Mount Tabor Baptist Church house. Weir designed a house with Clas- 1763 clash with Native Americans. In 70 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 71

1812, James’ brother, Archibald, pur- native village in Sweden. The farm then Knight. His sister, Elizabeth, is credited As one of the first in the area to use the chased the property and constructed a became a nationally renowned estate for with landscaping the property in 1909. Surge Bucket Milker, Floy was a local large addition to the original log cabin. its cattle breeding. (3/25/1977) (12/19/1979) dairy farming pioneer. (12/12/2012) Two additional wings were added to the house by 1895. Today the home is an Meadow Bluff Renick Farm (William Renick example of frontier growth. (6/10/1975) Farm) Deitz Farm The Georgian style house at Renick Herns Mill Covered Bridge During the Civil War, the Deitz Farm Farm was constructed by local stonema- Convenient to the grist mill of S.S. was a strategically important location son Christopher Foglesong, a German Herns, the Herns Mill Covered Bridge along the James River and Kanawha immigrant, between 1787 and 1792. was built by the order of the Greenbri- Turnpike. Situated atop Meadow Bluff, The house was built for William Renick, er County Court in 1884. The bridge it was used by several generals as head- a generous farmer who served as an is a local variation of the queen post quarters during the war, including Gen- officer in the local militia against native truss. Covered Bridges of West Virginia eral Robert E. Lee. The farmhouse was raids and later as Greenbrier County (6/4/1981) Tuckwiller Tavern also utilized as a field hospital by both sheriff. His niece, Rebecca, later inher- the Union and the Confederacy. On an ited the house and built a Federal style Tuckwiller Tavern brick addition in 1825. (4/4/1997) McClung’s Price Place Tuckwiller Tavern was constructed c. adjacent hill are remnants of trenches The Samuel Price family settled in the 1828 for David Tuckwiller by builders and the graves of 15 Confederate sol- area north of Lewisburg in the late 18th John W. Dunn and David K. Spotts in diers who died here. (4/17/1992) Ronceverte century and is attributed with building the Federal style favored by Dunn. While the original log dwelling on the property Tuckwiller ran a successful farming c. 1800. The property was sold to the Renick Vicinity Ronceverte Historic District operation, he also operated the tav- McClung family in the 1830s. In 1880, The Ronceverte area developed around ern, catering to drovers on the way to th A.P. McClung, captain of the 14th Vir- the 18 century Edgar’s Mill located markets in Richmond, Baltimore, and Edgefield ginia Calvary, purchased the property The house and agricultural outbuildings near St. Lawrence Ford on the Green- Philadelphia along the James River and from a cousin. Around this time, a large at Edgewood were constructed in the brier River. The area remained a small Kanawha Turnpike. During the Civil log addition was constructed to the front late 19th and early 20th century by Poca- settlement until after the Civil War War it was used as a Union headquarters of the original log house and additional hontas County livestock dealer, George when the community developed into an and barracks. (3/4/1975) outbuildings were constructed. Since W. Whiting. His daughter, widower Floy industrial town tied to the success and originally constructed, the property has Whiting Whorrell, actively managed the growth of the lumber industry. Today, been used agriculturally. (8/03/2007) Tuscawilla (Edward Dana Knight farm. When she became owner in 1955 the Ronceverte Historic District is a Farm) she executed plans to expand the oper- mixed-use collection of architecture which mirrors a century of development. Morlunda The Seminole Indian name “Tuscaw- ations by constructing a modern dairy. (5/6/2005) In 1827, Samuel McClung II commis- illa” meaning “Two Lakes” was given sioned the area’s leading architect and to the house by David R. Preston, who builder, John W. Dunn, and woodcarver, commissioned its construction in 1844. Ronceverte Vicinity Conrad Burgess, to build a house. The Master architect/builder, John W. Dunn, result was a large two-story brick build- designed and constructed the two-story brick farmhouse in the Federal style. The David S. Creigh Place ing with a double entrance portico sup- (Montescena) ported by two massive brick columns. home stands on a knoll, with a spectac- ular view of the Greenbrier Valley, in The Creigh House was constructed in The property stayed in the family until 1822 with elements of the Greek Revival 1934 when it was purchased by Oscar the middle of a vast lawn dotted with giant oaks and conifers. Occupied by and Federal styles of architecture. The Nelson, United Carbon President, who featured porch was later modified to a gave it the name “Morlunda” after his the Prestons through the Civil War, the house was later purchased by Edward Edgefield Victorian design before the current Neo- 72 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 73

White Sulphur Springs ard Creek. The late Federal-style build- ing with classical elements is the work of local builder John Dunn and woodcarver The Greenbrier Conrad Burgess. The farm, well known Though guests in search of healing for horse breeding, supplied the nearby waters arrived at White Sulphur Springs Greenbrier with riding horses for many as early as the late 18th century, it was years. (11/28/1980) not until the opening of the James River and Kanawha Turnpike in the 1820s that spurred the resort’s first major phase Oakhurst Links of business. While cottages served the Oakhurst Links was built by Russell earliest guests, hotel buildings and Wortly Montague and friends on his wings were constructed throughout the farm around 1884. It is one of the earli- est documented pre-1900 golf clubs in The Greenbrier years, beginning with “The Old White” in 1858. During the Civil War, the spa’s the United States and the site of the first classical-style porch was constructed important source of saltpeter for the buildings were used by both sides as a recorded tournament play in 1888. As in 1925. The first owner, David Creigh, Confederacy. Other industrial activi- hospital and headquarters. After pur- the club’s meeting place, the Montague was a quiet and respected farmer. vents ty associated with the cave took place house was the prototype of the golf club th chasing the property, the C&O Railroad during the Civil War led him to fight on the surface in the mid-19 century constructed a 250-room Georgian-style facilities that would follow in other lo- back to protect his family by killing a when a limekiln was constructed nearby. building in 1913. The North and Virgin- cales. (12/4/2001) Union soldier after the man had pillaged (5/5/2005) ia Wings were his home. Creigh was arrested, tried, constructed in James Wylie and hanged and was eventually interred Stuart Manor 1922 to replace House in the Old Stone Church cemetery in In 1767, Scottish born John Stuart came “The Old White.” The original sec- Lewisburg where his funeral procession to Greenbrier County shortly after two During World tion of the James is reported to have been over a mile major settlements had been destroyed War II, the resort Wylie House was long. (11/12/1975) by Native American Indians. Serving as was used as a designed and a captain and colonel in the Virginia mi- temporary in- built by pioneer Hokes Mill Covered Bridge litia, he was a leader in major offensives ternment center James Wylie c. In 1897, the Greenbrier County Court against the Native Americans on the for German and 1825. The interior ordered the construction of a bridge frontier. As the county clerk, John Stuart Japanese diplo- is characterized over Second Creek near Hoke’s Mill. built the clerk’s office (1778) and later mats and then as by a four-over- Built on stone abutments, the bridge is a his two-story limestone residence (1789) a hospital. The four, center hall modified version of the Long truss and near Fort Spring. (7/27/1973) West Virginia plan with eight measures 81.5 feet long and 12 feet wide. Wing was con- James Wylie House fireplaces. In The bridge was completed c.1899. Cov- Smoot Vicinity structed in the 1906, the brick ered Bridges of West Virginia (6/4/1981) early 1960s in conjunction with the U.S. house was remodeled with late-Itali- Government’s secret Emergency Relo- Sam Black Church anate detailing which included alteration cation Center (the bunker). (10/9/1974; of the roofline and construction of a Organ Cave Named after a former Methodist circuit Organ Cave has a long history as a tour- National Historic Landmark 6/21/1990). full-width porch. A two-story log cabin rider, Samuel Black, this Gothic Revival ist attraction. Documented, organized behind the house pre-dates the main frame church was constructed in 1901 tours of the cave began in 1822, and dwelling by approximately 30 years. A to replace the previous building that was Mountain Home (Robert aside from the years of the Civil War, stone garden folly in the shape of a castle destroyed by fire. The building features Dickson House) tours have continued up to the present. is also on the property. (2/5/1990) pointed arch windows and an open bell Built for Robert Dickson in 1833, this During the Civil War, the cave was an tower. (3/5/1999) house stands on a hill overlooking How- 74 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 75

Coal Heritage of West Virginia Perhaps no industry is identified more with West Virginia than the coal industry. The state lies on some of the most plentiful stores of coal in the United States, which drew the attention of many industrialists in the latter half of the 19th century. A vast network of coal mining operations migrated into West Virginia, giving birth to the state’s most prominent export. With coal companies moving into the region, “company” homes, stores, and complexes were Wheeling built throughout the state, leaving an indelible mark on the state’s population, landscape, and identity. Recognizing the crucial contribution that coal has made to the state’s history and economy, many coal mining facilities and towns are listed in the National Register of Historic Morgantown Places. 5 Located on the north side of the New River Gorge, the Martinsburg Nuttallburg Mine Complex was opened in 1873 by John Nuttall, a Pennsylvania industrialist. The mine was eventually leased to 4 famed automaker Henry Ford. While Ford operated the mine, the Headhouse Retarding Conveyor was constructed, which was the longest of its kind. The mine was sold to the Maryland New Houston Coal Company Store, McDowell River Coal Company in the 1920s, and then briefly owned by the County Garnet Coal Company, which ceased all operations in 1958. Like many coal company towns throughout the state, the residences have disappeared over time. Huntington Charleston Today the National Park Service cares for and interprets the remaining structures. One of the lasting images of coal mining is the company store. Itmann Company Store in Wyoming County was designed by Bluefield-based architect Alex B. Mahood and built 7 9 between 1923 and 1925. The Classical Revival building is constructed with native sandstone. 11 Company stores, such as Itmann, were located in most 3 Beckley coal communities in Southern West Virginia, as seen in 10 the multiple-property listing of Coal Company Stores in 8 1. Algoma Coal and Coke Company Store, McDowell 6 McDowell County. County Constructed in 1917, the New River Company General Office 1 2 2. Bramwell Historic District and Bramwell Additions Building is a two-story, U-shaped, commercial-style building. Historic District, Mercer County As the company’s operations were scattered among many Bluefield 3. Chafin House, Logan County different offices throughout the area, construction of the new building consolidated the company into one central 4. Davis Coal and Coke Company Administrative office. During World War II, the New River Company actively Building, Tucker County participated in the Victory Garden Movement, contributing 5. High Gate, Marion County 8,000,000 tons of food to the national food supply. 6. Itmann Company Store, Wyoming County Nuttallburg, Fayette County The original Bramwell Historic District and the Additions Historic District in Mercer County includes 178 buildings 7. Kay Moor Mine, Fayette County and nine structures, most of which pre-date the 1920s. Designed as a coal company town, 8. Matewan Historic District, Mingo County Bramwell was home to many of the elite coal mine operators, and the houses in the downtown 9. Nuttallburg, Fayette County reflect their wealth and status. However, Bramwell was also the home of miners and their families. The far side of the Bluestone River was tied to the coal camp, Freeman, an African 10. Phillips-Sprague Mine, Raleigh County American community prior to the buyout by the Flat Top Coal Land Association. These homes 11. Whipple Company Store, Fayette County are relatively simple with common company home designs. 76 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 77

ented design incorporated double-inter- the guidance of an unnamed archi- Hampshire County section diagonals into the standard Pratt tect who happened to be staying at the truss, meaning that the diagonals ex- Capon Springs Resort. The nationally Augusta tend across two truss bays. In 1863 J.W. known octagon form promoted for its Murphy modified the Whipple design by economy of space and materials is inter- French’s Mill adding double-intersection counter-di- preted by this example located near the French’s Mill, located on the former agonals, which permitted longer spans. fashionable resort. (5/31/2016) Northwestern Turnpike, was construct- In 1937, one span of the bridge was ed in 1911 after a fired destroyed the moved to Capon Lake to provide ac- Capon Springs cess across the Cacapon River to Capon Henry Frye first discovered the waters original mill. To meet their needs, the Hook’s Tavern townspeople and local farmers banded Springs. A new pier and abutments were of Capon Springs in 1765 while hunt- together and created stock for the Au- The church building is a significant constructed and the bridge was connect- ing. The development of the area as a gusta Milling Company. The company example of the region’s early religious ed to a Pratt truss salvaged from another resort was the result of good publicity was incorporated that year with $10,000 architecture exhibiting log construc- location. The new bridge was dedicat- that claimed the waters were curative or in capital stock and a new mill con- tion techniques of the earliest settlers ed in 1938. In 1991 the Pratt truss was “magic.” Many would come to stay and structed soon after. The mill continued as well as the simple design and form removed and the decking removed from soak in the water hoping to cure a vari- to operate throughout the 20th century. common to early ecclesiastical buildings. the Whipple truss. (12/15/2011) ety of maladies. In 1849, the Mountain Today, the building retains the charac- (12/12/2012) House Hotel was built to accommodate teristics of an early 20th century gristmill visitors who wished to stay longer. The including the mill stones, system of Hook’s Tavern spring’s popularity started to decrease in sinks, chutes, and elevators and pro- The original section of Hook’s Tavern the 1850s due to its location far from a vides a glimpse into an electric-powered was constructed during the period of major transportation route. At the start gristmill, powered first by a wood burn- settlement following the end of the of the Civil War the owners closed the ing steam boiler and then an automobile French and Indian War. Additions were springs. During a post-war renaissance, battery before being converted to elec- made to the log building with its current patrons came to take to the waters and tricity. (12/16/2014) appearance completed by the 1840s. The the resort flourished for a short time as tavern/inn was an important stop for it had in the early days. The prosperity of Capon Bridge Vicinity travelers along the Northwestern Turn- reconstruction was short lived. In 1911, pike from the 1840s throughout its hey- the Mountain House Hotel burned, day. Hook’s Tavern is an excellent exam- Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge adding to the difficulties of the resort. Capon Chapel ple of a two-story, two-pen log building The small resort would not see another Capon Chapel is locat- expanded by two pens. (4/29/2011) surge of business until after World War ed two miles south of Capon Springs II. (11/12/1993) Capon Bridge, a small Capon Lake community that grew The Brill Octagon House Hooks Mills Vicinity following the construc- The Brill Octagon House is a two-story tion of the Northwest Capon Lake Whipple Truss dwelling constructed c. 1890. From the Turnpike in the 1830s Bridge (formerly South Branch exterior, it looks like a frame octagonal Captain David Pugh House Capon Chapel that connected Parkers- house; however, it is a cruciform shaped Captain Pugh was a member of the Vir- burg with Winchester, Bridge) ginia legislature in the early 1840s and The Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge building with two-story triangular Virginia. In 1852 Joseph Pugh grant- was a delegate to the Virginia Conven- was constructed over the South Branch porches joining the arms of the cross. ed property to church trustees for the tion of 1861. He also served as a justice, of the Potomac River near Romney in The builder of the house, Elias E. Brill, creation of “a Graveyard and for a house was elected to the county court and in 1874 as a two-span, Whipple/Murphy was born between 1856 and 1858. Ac- for the Public Worship of Almighty God 1875 was elected to the West Virginia truss bridge. Squire Whipple’s 1847 pat- cording to Edith Brill, the wife of Elias’s for the use of all orthodox Christians.” grandson, Elias built the house under Senate. Pugh earned the title “Captain,” 78 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 79

not from any military service, but rath- for Thomas Parker who received a land the early settlers’ need to utilize easily er by his commanding presence. His grant for property in the area in 1753. accessible materials and construct a Federal-style home, built in 1835, has Following the French and Indian War substantial building that would provide clapboard siding, rectangular transoms, more settlers began arriving in the area the necessary space needed to worship and nine-over-six and six-over-six win- and a small community began to pros- together. Hampshire County was blessed dows. The house also has two large stone per. Due to its location on the wagon with abundant timber which allowed the chimneys and a two-story veranda span- roads, one property served as an inn settlers free material to construct their ning the rear of the house. (8/25/2004) and tavern. The village also included building. Old Pine Church represents three mills, providing for much of its the region’s early religious architecture Old District Parsonage Junction Vicinity industrial and commercial significance. which exhibits log construction tech- In addition to the mills, the community niques of the earliest settlers as well as and-dart trim. Three additional historic also includes a store, cemetery, school, the simple design and form common resources on the courthouse property Sloan-Parker House church, and a handful of houses, barns to the early ecclesiastical buildings. include the sheriff residence and jail, the The two-story, gabled-end Sloan-Parker and privies. (5/4/2011) (12/12/2012) courthouse annex, and the World War I House was constructed c. 1790 from Veterans Memorial. County Courthouses fieldstone quarried locally. This build- Pin Oak Romney of West Virginia MPS (9/7/2005) ing material has given the dwelling its common name, “The Stone House.” Apart from a c. Pin Oak Fountain Hampshire County Courthouse Literary Hall 1900 two-story Built in 1932, the Pin Oak Fountain Hampshire County was formed from “The advancement of Literature and frame rear addition, represents an effort by the West Virginia parts of Frederick and Augusta Coun- Science” was the stated objective of the the original stone State Road Commission in the 1930s to ties, Virginia in 1754 on the eve of the Literary Society, which was founded in portion remains re- construct roadside drinking fountains. French and Indian War. Pearsall’s Flats, 1819. The group accumulated a clas- markably unaltered. The fountain is built from native stone as Romney was first known, was ded- sical library of 3,000 volumes by 1830. The house was and quartz and sits on a 16-foot square icated as the county seat in 1762 and The Civil War brought hard times when erected for Richard of flagstone. Quartz stones are mortared the first courthouse constructed. The Union troops ransacked the library, and Charlotte Sloan, into the underside of the roof as well as current courthouse, constructed in leaving less than 400 volumes intact. The who developed the top of the piers and the crenellated 1921, is the county’s third. The two-sto- group waited until 1869 to revive the North River Mills Historic District a family weaving section. The Pin Oak Fountain served ry, brick and sandstone, Neo-Classical society and this tall formal building was industry. The family as the surrounding community’s main Revival building has a portico with Ionic constructed in 1869-70. Literary Hall of 12 continued the business until the water supply until the mid-20th century columns, fanlight windows, and egg- is a front-gabled, two-story red brick property was sold to the three Parker when residents began to drill their own building that combines stylistic elements brothers in 1854. Also on the property wells. Though no statewide inventory from early American and Victorian peri- is an 1803 barn and log smokehouse. exists, the Pin Oak Fountain appears ods. The last meeting was held in 1886, (6/5/1975) to be the only such fountain remaining with the building then falling into disuse in Hampshire County, and perhaps the until assumed by the Masonic Lodge. North River Mills only one of its type in West Virginia. (5/29/1979) (5/31/2016) Old District Parsonage North River Mills Historic Purgitsville Vicinity Commissioned by the trustees of the District Moorefield District of the Methodist North River Mills Historic District is in Episcopal Church c. 1872, the Parsonage eastern Hampshire County at the inter- Old Pine Church stands as a fine example of Italianate section of two 18th century wagon roads. Constructed c. 1838, the unadorned architecture in this rural mountain exterior, simple form and construction It was originally known as Parker’s Gap Hampshire County Courthouse community. The home’s architectural method of Old Pine Church reflect 80 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 81

features include a two-story bay win- Fort Van Meter Nathaniel and Isaac Kuykendall dow on the front façade, tall and narrow Fort Van Meter, a private fort, was House arched windows, and low-pitched roof. constructed c. 1754 during the French This two-story sandstone house was (5/5/2005) and Indian War to provide a safe place constructed in 1789 by Nathaniel and for the nearby residents. Although not Isaac Kuykendall of Dutch descent. The Wilson-Wodrow-Mytinger large and not a garrisoned fort, Fort Van original house was built on the three- House Meter provided safety from raids and room plan, an elaborate plan which The Wilson-Wodrow-Mytinger House was a key element in the frontier defense enjoyed popularity in the 18th century, th is situated in the center of Romney and system in the 18 century. It is an im- and displays elements of Federal-style Valley View consists of three independent frame portant example of a residential stone architecture, also popular at the time. It fort and a rare survivor. (12/30/2009) sections. The oldest building (c. 1750) is one of the few stone dwellings dating plan and elevation, conforms to classical is a one-and-one-half-story, hand- to the area’s early settlement period. An th principles of order and organization. hewn log dwelling covered with beaded Hickory Grove early 19 century addition, constructed Though the building does not assume weatherboard. A second dwelling has In 1838, a log house served as Adam by Isaac, complements the original sec- the form of the Greek temple as liter- brick nogging and is in front of the c. Stump and his family’s first house on the tion. (12/16/14) ally as other high-style examples, the 1750 building. The third frame building property. The house was named Hickory substantial massing of the house is in the complex is known as the “clerk’s Grove as it sat on a small bluff surround- Sycamore Dale (Gibson- rooted in the same objectives of stabil- office.” George Wilson came to Romney ed by large hickory trees. By 1849 a large Wirgman-Williams House) ity and formality. Valley View’s central about 1762 and obtained a commission addition was constructed of bricks made Sycamore Dale is in a picturesque set- one-story portico and entrance entab- as a major of the Hampshire Coun- on the property by Stump and his slaves. ting overlooking the South Branch of lature are definitive features of the style. ty militia. He lived in the existing log The addition included two rooms and the Potomac River southwest of Rom- (12/12/2012) house and passed the property to his a large hall on each floor and a simple ney. The dwelling is a two-story, brick, son-in-law, Andrew Wodrow, upon his trabeated entrance, a characteristic of L-shaped residence that is primarily Springfield death in 1777. Wodrow built the office, the Greek Revival style popular at the Greek Revival in style. Constructed in and served as the first clerk of court time. In 1892, William Stump (Adam’s 1839 from locally fired brick, Sycamore for the county seat in Romney. The son) and his son James demolished the Dale has a two-story portico with Greek Springfield Brick House house was passed down in the Mytinger original log section of the house and Revival pediment supported by eight This house was constructed in 1855 family, who held it for over 100 years. constructed a large brick addition to Tuscan columns. It was home to Da- by John Shouse, a retired farmer. The (8/22/1977) match the earlier brick section, adding vid Wilson, where his pleas in 1861 to house, also known as Frenchwood, is a three additional rooms on both the first Union General Lew Wallace kept the large formal home with strong Georgian Romney Vicinity and second floors and an addition- house from being burned. Wallace had and Greek Revival style influences. The al four rooms at the basement level. routed Confederate sharpshooters who transitional style of the building reflects (8/18/2011) the gradual spread of popular styles of Fort Mill Ridge Civil War had overtaken the home to defend the nearby Romney covered bridge. Later, the period. At the time, the area was re- Trenches the famous McNeill Raiders surrendered mote and rural land. The latest trends in These trenches illustrate the importance to Union forces on the lawn on April 12, architecture took longer to reach rural of the strategic location of the Mechan- 1865 at the end of the war. (12/2/1980) areas like Springfield, which accounts for icsburg Gap in protecting the town of this late example of the Georgian style. Romney as well as the Northwest Turn- (1/2/2013) pike during the Civil War. Though ad- Valley View justed for topography, the trenches were Valley View, constructed in 1855 by Springfield Vicinity constructed following guidelines in the James Parsons, Jr., is a characteristic 1838 Treatise on Field Fortification writ- example of the Greek Revival style for ten by D.H. Mahan, professor of military more practical residential applications. Washington Bottom Farm engineering. (1/22/2014) Hickory Grove The building’s strict symmetry, both in George W. Washington, a gentleman 82 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 83

farmer, built his Greek Revival home c. includes the mill ponds and race from 28 successful oil wells in the Carson was admitted to the Hancock County 1835. The three-story brick residence when it was water-powered, the miller’s fields. (7/12/1990) bar in 1896. (3/12/2001) features a hipped roof, square cupola, cottage and its outbuilding, a storage widows walk, and a central, hip-roof building, and a silo and series of chutes. New Cumberland Newell wooden porch. The property also in- (12/16/14)

cludes a single-pen log cabin that served as Washington’s home while he built Yellow Spring Vicinity First National Bank-Graham William E. Wells House his permanent dwelling. The log cab- Building This Colonial Revival house was con- in, main house and additional barns First National Bank was the first bank structed in 1907 by William Edwin and silos show Washington’s extensive Hebron Church building constructed in New Cumber- Wells. Wells became the bookkeeper of farming and agricultural work in raising The original congregation of Hebron land and occupies a prominent corner the Homer Laughlin Pottery Company beef cattle, sheep, and pigs and growing Church, then known as the Great Ca- in the town’s commercial center. The in 1889 and later its general manager corn, hay, soybeans, oats, wheat and flax. pon Church, was established in 1786 building also housed the post office and when Laughlin sold the company in (11/29/2001) as a United German congregation. The a telephone service, while a variety of 1897 to him and several others. The congregation constructed the current medical offices were located on the sec- home represents his successful stature Three Churches brick building in 1849 and renamed the ond floor throughout its history. After and contributions to the Northern Pan- church Hebron. The architecture of the the bank failed in 1927 it became a de- handle’s ceramic industry. (4/23/2009) church is an excellent example of the partment store and was operated for 61 Scanlon Farm (Scanlon Log local interpretation of the Greek Reviv- years by the Graham family. (11/2/2000) Newell Vicinity House) al style. Several cosmetic changes were The two-story log house and outbuild- made in 1905, such as the addition of ings were acquired in the 1860s by the art glass windows, adding to the archi- Nathan Hellings Apple Barn Nathan Hellings Apple Barn is a Scanlon family. Scanlon Farm is a good tectural significance of the building. three-story structure designed to house example of the subsistence family farm (12/16/14) perishable fruit on the first and sec- that flourished in the Appalachian re- ond floors and ice on the top floor. At gion during the 19th century. It was also the time of the barn’s construction in the family home of Dr. Charles Scanlon Hancock County 1897, settlers in the area farmed apples (1869-1926), who rose to prominence for cider, alcohol, and food. The barn as a national and internationally known Chester has tightly fitted windows and doors, leader of the Temperance Movement. substantial insulating walls, and roof (2/3/1988) First National Bank – Graham Building James F. Murray House ventilation. It was designed to preserve the fruit all year round by regulating the Yellow Spring Designed by architect J.A. Snyder of Marshall House Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, this blond Built by West Virginia State Senator Ol- temperature and oxygen. (12/12/2002) brick Classical Revival house was com- iver Marshall and his wife, Elizabeth, in Yellow Spring Mill pleted in 1905. A 1903 building on the 1887, the Marshall house is a fine exam- Waterford Park Yellow Spring Mill was constructed property, known as the “barn,” was ple of brick Queen Anne architecture. Waterford Park has been a source of en- c.1896 after a fire destroyed the original designed to function as a residence and Marshall enjoyed a long career in public tertainment and recreation for Hancock mill. Its processing of grain and corn was office for James Murray until the large service, beginning his career as clerk of County since the 1940s when the park an integral part of Yellow Spring’s indus- house was complete. In his early years, the County Court of Hancock County played an important role in the expan- trial history. The mill retains the char- Murray was a spunky wildcatter and in in 1884 and then successfully running sion of commerce within the county. The acteristics of a transitional gristmill as his mature years a successful oil opera- for election to the West Virginia State remnants of the original park include th well as mid-20 century electric turbines tor in the Northern Panhandle’s devel- Senate in 1896. He served as president of the grandstand, the paddock, and the and was in use from 1896 until 1990. In oping industry. After partnering with the State Senate for the 1899 legislative racetrack. Constructed by A.J. Boyle, addition to the mill, the complex also Mark Miller, of Sistersville, he developed session. Marshall was also a lawyer and the track claimed to be the only operat- ing track in America when it opened its doors in 1933. (12/12/2002) 84 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 85

Weirton space and a larger, more dignified, space was warranted. The People’s Bank build- Hardy County ing was designed by Peterson and Clarke Johnston-Truax House of Steubenville, Ohio and constructed in Baker Vicinity Constructed in 1785, the log core of the 1930. The temple-front building features house was the cabin of Benjamin John- elements of the Classical and Greek Re- ston, Jr. who was an early homesteader Henry Funkhouser Farm and Log vival styles popular in bank architecture in the Weirton area. The house later at the time. (3/17/1995) House passed through several hands before be- Built by Henry Funkhouser c. 1845, the ing owned by the Truax family for over single-pen, log house remains intact Lost River General Store 100 years. The 1850 and 1886 additions Dr. George Rigas House except for a c. 1900 change to the kitch- document the evolution and growth of Born and educated in Greece, Dr. en. The property includes an 1880 barn, of a double wooden and glass paneled the building over 200 years of owner- George Rigas practiced medicine in a 1938 cellarhouse and a small family door. The interior features the original ship. (9/23/1993) Weirton from the early 1920s until his cemetery. With exception of one year of pine floors, wood shelves, and wood death in 1957. After learning from a the homestead’s history, the Funkhous- plank countertops. The store provided relative of the growing steel industry in er family has owned the property since necessities for this rural community Marland Heights Park and the northern panhandle and the need for Margaret Manson Weir Henry and Mary Funkhouser built the from the time it opened and for the fol- physicians, he immigrated to the United cabin and lived there with their nine lowing 81 years. (11/30/2005) Memorial Pool States and arrived in Weirton in 1921. children. (11/29/2001) Marland Heights Park was developed in Married in 1935, he and his wife built 1934 with funds from the David Weir their home in 1936 to reflect the archi- Mathias Estate and constructed by local steel tectural character of the buildings seen Brake Vicinity employees laid off during the Great De- on a vacation in South Carolina. Eclectic John Mathias House pression. Within the park is the Marga- in style, the house displays elements of Stump Family Farm John Mathias immigrated to the Amer- ret Manson Weir Memorial Pool which the Neo-Classical and Georgian Reviv- The Stump property was first cleared icas from Alsace-Lorraine in the late was named in memory of Weir’s mother. al styles as well as the Craftsman style. and settled by Michael Stump in 1744 1700s. He eventually made his way to The elevated pool, ovoid in shape, was (4/21/2004) and deeded to him by Lord Fairfax in the Lost River Valley and acquired prop- designed by civil engineer, Wesley Bintz, 1749. Upon his death in 1767, Michael erty in 1791. The house consists of two for the Bintz Swimming Pool Company. Weirton Vicinity left his property to his sons. The oldest log pens built close to each other and (11/15/1993) section of the existing log house was joined by a frame dog-trot. The early constructed by son, Leonard Stump in unit dates to 1797 and the latter was Peter Tarr Furnace Site 1775. The cabin and continuously oper- built by Mathias descendants c. 1825. When the Peter Tarr furnace was recon- ating farm remained in the hands of the (11/24/1978) structed by the Hancock County His- Stump family until 1972. (12/15/1998) torical Society in 1968, it was built upon the cut stone base of the original furnace constructed in the 1790s. Deeded to Lost River Peter Tarr and James Rankin in 1801, the furnace produced iron skillets, kettles, Lost River General Store Marland Heights Park grates, and other household utensils. The Lost River General Store was built The operation also produced cannon in 1898 as a convenience to the citizens People’s Bank balls of small diameter, some which are of the small community of the same The People’s Bank was established in said to have been used by Commodore name. It is a two-story commercial 1923 to serve the growing Hollidays Perry’s fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie building typical of this era and to the Cove and Weirton population. Within during the War of 1812. The furnace fell region. The main elevation features two a few years, the bank had outgrown its out of use by 1815. (1/1/1976) large storefront bays that sit on each side John Mathias House 86 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 87

Downtowns in West Virginia Downtown commercial districts often shape and define local history. They provide us with memories of watching holiday parades, visiting Santa Claus in the local department store, dates at the movie theatres, and lunch at family owned restaurants. Local businesses and offices were found on the main street of each community across West Virginia. Today, many downtowns are being invigorated with new locally owned small businesses and activities that celebrate 3 Wheeling regional culture. They continue to play a critical role in a community’s livelihood. The Union Historic District in Monroe County includes 174 buildings and was a vital component to the area’s growth. The district is linked to the major turnpikes and roadways of 8 Morgantown the time, as well as being an epicenter for trade because of its proximity to the surrounding 9 11 Martinsburg 7 farms. Its vernacular architecture can be seen in houses dating 10 from 1783 through the 1940s. Prominent buildings within the 4 district include the Monroe County Courthouse, Union High School, and Monroe Department Store. Clarksburg Downtown Historic District, located in Harrison County, is comprised of 199 buildings and features a wide range of architectural styles, such as Renaissance Revival and Italianate. With an area that covers sixteen city blocks, the district is one of the most well-preserved downtowns in the 6 1 Charleston 5 Clarksburg Downtown Historic District, Harrison state. The city’s infrastructure and commercial potency allowed Huntington County it to weather the Great Depression much better than other West Virginia towns. With the route of the interstate system going right through Clarksburg, it continues to be one of the largest and most important cities in the state.

Cabell County’s Downtown Huntington Historic District is centrally located in the city. Covering 12 1. Barboursville Historic District, Cabell County six city blocks, the district features more than 112 buildings, many of which are Huntington Beckley 2. Bluefield Downtown Historic District, Mercer County landmarks. In 2007, the district’s boundaries were increased, encompassing more of the 13 commercial, municipal, and government buildings which grew out of the town’s railroad 3. Centre Market Historic District, Wheeling, Ohio County roots. Within the district are Huntington’s most recognizable 4. Clarksburg Historic District, Harrison County buildings, such as the County Courthouse, Keith Albee Theater, 2 Bluefield 5. Downtown Charleston Historic District, Kanawha the Carnegie Public Library, and the Campbell-Hicks House. County Architectural styles in the district range from Gothic Revival to Art Deco, symbolizing the district’s long and important history 6. Downtown Huntington Historic District, Cabell County to the town. 7. Downtown Martinsburg Historic District, Berkeley The Downtown Martinsburg Historic District in Berkley County County is the largest and most comprehensive district in Martinsburg. 8. Downtown Morgantown Historic District, Monongalia Like many downtowns, the district is within the heart of the County city, encompassing most of the government, commercial, and 9. Fairmont Downtown Historic District, Marion County Downtown Martinsburg Historic District, industrial buildings. There are structures within its boundaries Berkeley County that pre-date the Civil War, as well as a variety of architectural 10. Harpers Ferry Historic District, Jefferson County styles, such as Romanesque Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Neo-Classical Revival, French 11. Kingwood Historic District, Preston County Second Empire, and Queen Anne. With buildings representing more than two hundred 12. Lewisburg Historic District, Greenbrier County years of history, the Downtown Martinsburg Historic District gives the best representation of Martinsburg’s commercial and cultural history. 13. Union Historic District, Monroe County 88 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 89

Mathias Vicinity planning and design. The Civilian Con- sisters. In 1900, it was sold to Captain servation Corps was responsible for the John J. Chipley and remained in his fam- first construction projects within the ily until 1970. Chipley, one-time mayor Lighthorse Harry Lee Cabin park. The buildings and landscape are of Moorefield, published the weekly Part of a 60,000-acre tract of land, this naturalistic and rustic, blending into the Hardy County Democrat, a forerunner frame and log cabin was used as a sum- surroundings. New Deal Resources in of the Moorefield Examiner, from 1897- mer retreat and hunting lodge by “Light- West Virginia State Parks and Forests 1902. (10/9/1974) horse Harry” Lee and his family after (2/4/2011) its construction in 1800. Famous for his cavalry exploits during the American P.W. Inskeep House Revolution, Lee was also known for his Moorefield Part of a farm complex, the Inskeep poor business acumen. Unable to satis- House was built in 1876 in the Greek Old Stone Tavern fy creditors later in life, Lee served two Revival and Gothic Revival styles. The Judge J.W.F. Allen House family was among the early settlers in and the Duffey Memorial United Meth- years in debtor’s prison. The Lost River (Ingleside) odist Church. Included in the district property and Lee’s cabin were saved the South Branch Valley who purchased Built in 1842 and completed by Judge the land from Lord Fairfax. South is the 1914 county courthouse. South from bankruptcy and transferred to his J.W.F. Allen, Ingleside is one of several Branch Valley Multiple Resource Area four sons, including Robert E. Lee. The Branch Valley Multiple Resource Area imposing Greek Revival houses in the (7/10/1985) (1/15/1986) cabin remained in the Lee family until South Branch Valley. Allen was a Jack- 1879. In the 1930s the State of West Vir- sonian Democrat and served several ginia acquired it as part of the Lost River Thomas Maslin House Old Stone Tavern terms as prosecuting attorney before Old Stone Tavern is a detached dwelling State Park. (7/30/1974) (Maslin-Gamble House) being elected judge of the circuit court. of both stone and frame sections. The The large brick Greek Revival Maslin A Southern sympathizer, Allen eluded earliest section, constructed of stone, House was constructed for Thomas New Deal Resources in Lost Union forces despite a posted reward dates to 1788. The frame sections were Maslin, a local land speculator who was River State Park due to the good will of friends and added c. 1840, c. 1860 and c. 1900 with a also a leading spokesman for the county. Lost River State Park began with land citizens of Moorefield. The house re- cinder block addition in the 1950s. The He served as justice of Hardy Coun- purchases during 1934. Creation of the mained in family hands after the Judge’s tavern, one of the earliest buildings in ty from 1850 to 1865, despite having park was directly related to President death in 1875. In 1967 it was purchased Moorefield, was constructed by Thomas leanings towards the southern faction. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal pro- by his grandson, C.B. Allen, a journal- Parsons. (12/10/1979) grams for work relief, conservation, and ist specializing in the early 20th century The property was sold to Mortimer developing recreational opportunities pioneering efforts of aviation. South Gamble II in the late 1890s. Gamble was within each state. The National Park Branch Valley Multiple Resource Area an attorney and served in the House Moorefield Vicinity Service assisted with the initial park (2/10/1983) of Delegates and as county justice and prosecuting attorney into the 1920s. The Meadows (8/29/1979) The Meadows includes a Greek Revival First Hardy County Courthouse th Hardy County was organized in 1786 by house dating to the mid-19 centu- an act of the Virginia General Assembly. Moorefield Historic District ry and is associated with the McNeill The town of Moorefield, newly laid out Conrad Moore, founder of Moorefield, family. The farm complex has various in 1777, provided two lots for a county platted the town in 1777. Moorefield agricultural resources including barns courthouse. The first courthouse, a small became the county seat in 1786 and and sheds. South Branch Valley Multiple log building, was replaced by this brick the town developed into a commercial Resource Area (1/14/1986) edifice in 1792. An addition was con- center for Hardy County. The district structed in 1833 and the building served consists of the early town and subse- Mill Island (Seymour Family quent additions and includes a mix of as the county administration and seat th th House) of justice until 1860 when it became a 18 to 20 century buildings such as the Mill Island was built c. 1840 for Felix First Hardy County Courthouse boarding school operated by the Forrer McCoy Theatre, the McMechan House and Sidney Seymour and was renowned 90 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 91

for its dances, entertainment and mag- Fort Pleasant (Isaac Van Meter Willow Wall (McNeill Family nificent dinners. The Greek Revival House) House) residence contains an open oval stair The present home was built on the site Completed in 1812, Willow Wall is a that reaches to the third floor. Once a of Isaac Van Meter’s c. 1774 log home Georgian-style house which faces east ballroom, the drawing room off the main and fortress by his grandson, also Isaac toward the South Branch of the Potomac hall is 18’ by 40’. The house received Van Meter, in the late 18th century. Fort River. The imposing brick residence has some slight damage during the Civil Pleasant is a mixture of Georgian and 38 rooms; lining the first-floor hall walls War and was often used as a hospital for Federal styles and has a dominating is the French hand-printed wallpaper McNeill’s Rangers. South Branch Valley Greek Revival portico supported by named “Paysage a Chasses (The Great Multiple Resource Area (8/2/1973) monumental columns. The interior is Hunt.)” The house was home to the Mc- The Willows Federal in style, as seen in the mantels Neill family and was the center of activ- Oakland Hall Seymour hid family jewelry and silver and wood trim. Fort Pleasant is situated ity for the McNeill Rangers, a celebrated A Greek Revival house dating to the with her in bed before meeting with a above “the Trough,” a natural feature Confederate troop who took part in th mid-19 century, it is one of the val- Union officer who had come to search along the South Branch of the Potomac numerous Civil War engagements in this ley’s best examples of frieze windows or the house. South Branch Valley Multiple River. South Branch Valley Multiple region of the state. South Branch Valley “knee windows” found just beneath the Resource Area (7/2/1973) Resource Area (7/16/1973) Multiple Resource Area (7/2/1973) eaves of the shallow hipped roof. The construction is attributed to Will Enge- Wilson-Kuykendall Farm Garrett VanMeter House Petersburg Vicinity man, a native of upstate New York, who The Wilson-Kuykendall Farm includes a Built c. 1830 by cattle farmer Garrett used the property as a summer home brick house built c. 1870 by A.V. Wil- VanMeter, this substantial brick I-house where he raised and trained race horses. is a well-preserved interpretation of Hickory Hill son. The house includes architectural Built in 1809, this house is an excellent It was acquired for use as a golf course Greek Revival architecture. VanMeter elements of the Greek Revival, Italianate example of the Federal style in the South in 1968. South Branch Valley Multiple family members were early residents of and Gothic Revival styles. Paired chim- Branch Valley. Historically, Hickory Hill Resource Area (7/10/1985) the Middle South Branch Valley of the ney stacks flank a widow’s walk on the is associated with the Cunningham and Potomac River and established them- hipped roof. The Wilson family owned Welton families. The house was built by Westfall Place selves as leaders in the region’s cattle the property until it was purchased in Solomon Cunningham and passed into Once part of a large farm, this c. 1860 trade. Several generations of the family 1973 by the Daniel Kuykendall family. the hands of the Felix Welton family Greek Revival residence is associated built houses in the area, leaving a record South Branch Valley Multiple Resource in 1873. The property includes an his- with the Cunningham family. The entry of their wealth and prominence in local Area (8/10/1985) toric log barn and smokehouse. South porch reflects a temple form composed society. (3/27/2001) of supporting posts and a simple en- Branch Valley Multiple Resource Area tablature. South Branch Valley Multiple Old Fields Vicinity (7/10/1985) Resource Area (7/10/1985) Buena Vista Farms Wardensville Vicinity The Willows (Randolph House) One of a series of Greek Revival farm- The Willows, built in three stages, rep- steads in the South Branch Valley, this Francis Kotz Farm resents the telescope style of Tidewater brick house was built in 1836. The The Francis Kotz House is a two-story, Maryland architecture. It incorporates property is associated with the Van four-room Greek Revival brick house, a c. 1773 two-room log cabin, a brick Meter family who settled the land in the th designed and constructed between the Greek Revival section constructed c. mid-18 century and was among the late 1850s and mid-1870s by Francis 1850, and a c.1900 frame section. The first families in the area. The farm has a Kotz. From his arrival at the banks of Willows is associated with the Seymour Gothic Revival barn dating from 1904 the Capon River in 1854, to his death in and Randolph families. It is said that that is linked to the Leatherman family. 1887, Kotz was an active participant in South Branch Valley Multiple Resource during the Civil War, Mrs. Randolph Garrett VanMeter House the economic life of the community of Area (7/10/1985) 92 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 93

constructed. It was designed by Frank bridge measures 75 feet by 14 feet. Cov- Glen Elk Historic District Duff McEnteer of Clarksburg’s Concrete ered Bridges of West Virginia (6/4/1981) Located across Elk Creek from the busi- Steel Bridge Company. Built as a pedes- ness district, the Glen Elk area figured trian bridge by the Bridgeport Lamp Clarksburg significantly in the area history as a Chimney Company, the bridge provided center of trade. Through the railroad’s access from the glass plant to a ware- presence, the area became one of the na- house across Simpson Creek. It mea- Clarksburg Downtown Historic tion’s largest wholesale distribution cen- sures 70 feet by 8 feet. (1/27/1997) District ters during the 1920s. In the early 20th Officially chartered in 1785, Clarksburg century, Glen Elk became the predomi- Governor Joseph Johnson House grew as the result of Virginia’s turnpike nately Italian section of Clarksburg. The building in the 1830s and 1840s, and district represents a blend of residential (Oakdale) then due to the arrival of the railroad in Nicholas Switzer House Oakdale was constructed in 1818 for Jo- and commercial buildings. (11/24/1993) 1857. With the growth of coal mining in seph Johnson. In 1840, after he became Wardensville. During those decades, he the decades following the Civil War and an established attorney, state legislator, Quality Hill Historic District engaged in many commercial activities the influx of immigrant workers, Clarks- and congressman, he remodeled the This tree-lined residential neighborhood as a builder, cabinetmaker, farmer, mill- burg continued to grow. The opening of house in the Italianate style. Johnson lat- has a concentration of houses built by er, and distiller. Later, around the turn of new oil and natural gas fields in the early er became the only governor of Virginia men of business the century, his son James ran a success- 20th century led to from the Trans-Allegheny region of who were influential ful mule-hauling business from the farm. the most dramatic western Virginia. (3/19/1987) in the development (12/22/2008) rise in population. of Clarksburg, state Today, Clarksburg’s politics, and in the Bridgeport Vicinity commercial area Nicholas Switzer House coal, oil, and gas Built in 1778, the Nicolas Switzer House reflects these peri- industries. Known is a two-story I-house of masonry con- ods of growth with Simpson Creek Covered Bridge locally as Quality struction with a lower level and attic. buildings dating (W. T. Law Bridge) Hill, the houses date Built with local fieldstone, Switzer, the from the late 19th Asa S. Hugill constructed this covered between 1850 and property owner, modeled “Switzerland” and early 20th centu- bridge in 1881 at a cost of $1,483. The the early 1920s and after the traditional Germanic bank ries in architectural bridge used multiple Kingpost truss- are excellent exam- house. Built up against a hill, the house styles popular at the Quality Hill Historic District es, but had no diagonal bracing in the ples of high-style appears as a two-story house from the time including Ital- center panel. The bridge resists loading architecture includ- main elevation and a three story house ianate, Renaissance Revival, and Neo- through the bending of the cords, rely- ing Italianate, Queen Anne, and Classic on the rear. A wide entrance on the low- classical Revival. Clarksburg was home ing on their continuity for stability. Built Revival. (8/22/1985) est level allowed for the easy access of according to county specifications, the to Governor Howard M. Gore (1925-29), livestock to the stable. (12/4/2008) John W. Davis (1924 presidential can- didate), Nathan Goff, Jr. (U.S. Senator), Stealey Goff Vance House and others. (4/21/1982) Constructed in 1807 of locally acquired Harrison County materials, this house was originally owned by Jacob Stealey, a successful Edgewood Manor Clarksburg tanner. It was also owned Edgewood Manor was constructed for Bridgeport by Nathan Goff, Sr. and Amy Roberts Haze Morgan, a local lawyer, and his Vance, mother of John and Cyrus Vance. family in 1914. The Craftsman-style A front gable porch and ornate cornice Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Co. house has a low-pitched roof, exposed millwork added in 1891 give the house a Bowstring Concrete Arch Bridge rafter tails, and wide overhangs. It was distinctive Victorian flavor. (9/25/1979) Reinforced concrete was a new material Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Co. Bowstring designed by architect, Stephen Wardner in 1924 when this bowstring bridge was Concrete Arch Bridge Ford. (7/6/2005) 94 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 95

double-pile configuration and brick school was used for multi-educational Salem Historic District construction reflects the wealth and in- purposes serving the community until Until the start of an oil boom in 1900, fluence once enjoyed by Harrison Coun- 1990. (3/12/2001) Salem was a small residential and agri- ty’s agricultural elites. The main facade cultural community. A major fire in 1902 has five bays and a one-story, Queen Romines Mill Vicinity burned the entire Main Street business Anne-style porch, added in the 1890s. district and surrounding area. Partici- (8/22/2002) pating in a major reconstruction effort, the residents rebuilt the downtown area, Lost Creek Baltimore & Ohio replacing the wood buildings with red Waldomore (Clarksburg Public Library) Railroad Depot brick structures. Some of the buildings The Lost Creek Baltimore & Ohio Rail- are remnants of that early effort. High- Waldomore (Clarksburg Public road Depot was built in 1892 and was a lights include the Baltimore & Ohio Library) major shipping point in West Virginia Railroad Station, First National Bank, Constructed in 1839, Waldomore was for cattle until the 1930s. Situated in a and the Wilson Building. (4/12/1982) the home of Waldo P. Goff who served rural agrarian landscape, the rail line as member of the Virginia State Senate also served a variety of industrial and Shinnston among other political positions. Various extractive concerns in the nearby towns Templemoor (Post Crawford House) alterations c. 1900 altered the building’s of Weston and Clarksburg. (7/6/2005) architectural style from Greek Revival to Levi Shinn House Templemoor (Post Crawford Constructed in 1778 by Levi Shinn, Neoclassical Revival and added addi- Maken Vicinity House) a Quaker, his family is credited with tional second floor and rear wing space. Templemoor was constructed c. 1874 for establishing the town of Shinnston. The building was given to the city by Ira Caper Post, father of Melville Davis- The building is typical of vernacular log May Goff Lowndes in 1930 for use as a Fletcher Covered Bridge son Post who achieved national fame as Solomon Swiger and L.E. Sturm con- buildings of the period; it is two stories, public library and museum. (10/4/1978) a novelist, short story author, and master structed the Fletcher Covered Bridge in with hewn logs, and originally contained of the detective mystery field of fiction. 1890 at a cost of $1,372. The multiple four rooms. (7/16/1973) The large brick house was designed in Good Hope Vicinity Kingpost truss was a popular design for the Italianate style and features a central covered bridges. The bridge is 12 feet Shinnston Historic District cupola, arched windows, and decorative Indian Cave Petroglyphs by 58 feet with red board and batten Located at the confluence of the West paired brackets. (4/15/1982) These petroglyphs are located on the siding. Covered Bridges of West Virginia Fork River and Shinn’s Run, the town back wall of a rockshelter and measure (6/4/1981) of Shinnston developed as a center for approximately 20 feet by 4 feet and Salem commerce and trade. The community include stars, animals, and other charac- Mount Clare Vicinity grew quickly after the introduction of ters. Though the culture producing the Salem College Administration the railroad in 1890. The district is a petroglyphs is unknown, they were likely combination of commercial buildings Quiet Dell School Building created by Late Prehistoric peoples. Constructed in 1910, this building re- and residential housing. (4/1/1998) (3/16/76) The Quiet Dell School is a small four- room frame school building built in flects the importance of and the growing need for higher education in north cen- West Milford Vicinity 1922. The original section had two th Lost Creek classrooms which were expanded to four tral West Virginia in the early 20 centu- rooms in 1953 to allow for increased en- ry. The building, which also served at the Watters Smith Farm (Watters Daniel Bassel House rollment. When the school first opened, social center in this rural Appalachian Smith Memorial State Park) town, was designed in the Collegiate The construction of the Daniel Bassel it served the Elk Magisterial District Watters Smith was the first settler on Gothic style and features a large crenel- House lasted from 1860 to 1865 due with students attending from as far Duck Creek. His farm of 236 acres lated entrance tower. (3/30/1989) to delays caused by the Civil War. The away as Craigmoor and Johnstown. The along the old West Milford-New Salem 96 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 97

Turnpike is now part of the State Park congregation was organized as United district and developed outward from system. The site of his log cabin from Brethren, but merged with other de- there to accommodate new prosperity 1796 is marked by a tablet, but the later nominations. (4/1/1998) from population increases, a lumber family homestead of 1876 is still present. boom, and the construction of U.S. Several log outbuildings from the farm Kenna Vicinity Routes 21 and 33. The historic district also survive. (5/16/1974) includes architectural styles popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Faber Double-Crib Barn Ravenswood “Old Town” Historic District including Folk Victorian, Colonial Re- Jackson County The Faber Double-Crib Barn was built vival, Tudor Revival, and Queen Anne. by Hiram Faber in 1860. The barn’s two General Assembly in 1852. The arrival Prominent West Virginia architect, Levi Cedar Lakes pens are made of white oak logs and of the rail line in the 1880s sparked a J. Dean, designed the Jackson County connected by a breezeway. Faber moved 20-year period of population growth and Courthouse and Charles H. Progler, a to the area in 1843 and discussed con- made Ravenswood a commercial center significant local builder, contracted work Staats Mill Covered Bridge struction of the barn via correspondence for many in the county for the next half on several commercial and residential This bridge originally spanned the Tug to his family in Augusta County, Virginia century. (3/23/2007) buildings within the district. (8/25/2004) Fork of Big Mill Creek, near the Sta- which dates the barn. (9/7/2005) ats Mill community. It was completed Ripley Sandyville Vicinity in 1887 by local builder H.T. Hartley, Ravenswood with stone work by masons Quincy and Grim. The Long truss system was used Armstrong House Sarvis Fork Covered Bridge for the 97-foot structure, a departure Lemley-Wood-Sayre House This distinguished example of Greek Although bids were let on this bridge from the normal Queen, King, and This brick Italianate residence was built Revival architecture stands on a large, in 1886, construction was halted for multiple Kingpost systems popular in in 1872 by local builder Tanzy Brown for tree-shaded lot facing what was in the no apparent reason until 1888 when bridges of over 100 feet. Covered Bridges Thomas Hart Benton Lemley. A propri- 19th century the principal thoroughfare William Quincy and J. Grim completed of West Virginia (5/29/1979; moved) etor of a dry goods store called “Lem- through town. Constructed c. 1848, the stonework and R.B. Cunningham leys,” he also served as justice of the the two-story brick house is the oldest finished the superstructure. In 1924 Evans Vicinity peace and county clerk in the late 1800s. building in Ripley and was at one time the bridge was moved from Carnahan’s Between 1900 and 1913 the property the residence of James Armstrong who Ford to Sandy Creek, its present loca- was owned by Warren Wood, a promi- encouraged the town’s development by tion. The 11 by 101-foot covered bridge Otterbein Church nent West Virginia educator and author. establishing a tannery and sawmills. was designed using the Long system of The Otterbein Church was constructed It was later owned by D.F. Sayer and his (2/12/1980) trusses. Covered Bridges of West Virginia in 1896 in the Late Gothic Revival style wife, Edna, and their descendants until (6/4/1981) of architecture. It displays an angled 1980. (10/30/1985) Clerc-Carson House front bay and entrance near the altar, The Clerc-Carson House was built c. which is unusual for the county. The Silverton Vicinity Ravenswood “Old Town” 1880 by F. Leon Clerc, a French-Swiss church cemetery exhibits fine funerary Historic District immigrant in the Italianate style of ar- designs of the Victorian period. The The Ravenswood “Old Town” Historic chitecture. He was a partner with John Rankin Octagonal Barn The Rankin Octagonal Barn was con- District consists of a mix of mid to late Riley in a real estate firm. The Carson th th structed by WV Delegate George L. 19 and early 20 century commercial family purchased the house in 1898. Rankin around the turn of the 20th cen- and residential resources. The area was Arthur Carson owned a mercantile store th tury. The roof of the eight-sided barn is first settled in the early 19 century by in downtown Ripley. (10/29/1992) members of the Henry Fitzhugh family conical with an upper clerestory section who laid out the original town. The town that provides light and air to the interior. Ripley Historic District A cylindrical cupola sits at the peak of began to grow rapidly in the 1830s and Ripley was planned around the court- Faber Double-Crib Barn 1840s and was chartered by the Virginia the roof. Round and Polygonal Barns of house square area and the commercial West Virginia (7/9/1985) 98 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 99

Ethnic Heritage in West Virginia West Virginia’s success owes a great deal to the variety of ethnic groups who call the state home. The state saw an influx of immigrants throughout the 19th century from all over Europe to farm and to work in extractive industries such as timber and coal. These ethnic groups 6 brought their distinct cultural traditions to the region. The Pitsenbarger Farm, located in Pendleton County, is Wheeling a 130-acre property that was owned by Morgantown three successive 9 families of German Martinsburg descent. German 2 settlers relied on 1 one another in 7 the area, and as 4 such, many of the German traditions and customs were 3 kept alive. Insisting 5 on using “Old World” Huntington Pitsenbarger Farm, Pendleton County Charleston building techniques and tools, the Pitsenbargers built their homes with wooden hinges, and continued to use horse-drawn sleds rather than tractors. Neighbors from the surrounding town would often congregate on the Pitsenbarger Farm for musical gatherings, accompanied by traditional foods. The Farm was given the nickname “Loafer’s Glory” because of the accommodating nature of its owners. Beckley 8 The northern region of our state has a deep Italian heritage, which can be seen in the Glen Elk Historic 1. Clarksburg Downtown Historic District, Harrison District in Clarksburg. Comprised of 131 resources, County the district saw prominence in the early 20th century as a railroad hub, bringing a variety of shops, hotels, Bluefield 2. Glen Elk Historic District, Harrison County and businesses to the area. As coal mining began 3. Helvetia Historic District, Randolph County to grow in the county, many Italian immigrants settled in or around Clarksburg, bringing with them 4. May-Kraus Farm, Lewis County their customs, language, culture, and skilled labor. 5. Pitsenbarger Farm, Pendleton County Working in many marble and glass manufacturing plants, Italian heritage and craftsmanship can be 6. Dr. George Rigas House, Hancock County seen throughout the district. 7. Nicholas Switzer House, Hardy County Dr. George Rigas House, Hancock County German and Swiss settlers arrived in 1868 and 8. St. Coleman’s Roman Catholic Church and formed a small community in Helvetia, Randolph County. By 1871, there were 32 settlers living Cemetery, Raleigh County in buildings constructed of hewn logs. The Community Hall, Star Band Hall as well as a Log 9. St. Mary’s Orthodox Church, Monongalia County Cabin Museum attract visitors annually for traditional events and celebrations. 100 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 101

Jefferson County buildings (courthouse and city hall), Jefferson County Courthouse churches and one cemetery. Charles The first courthouse on this lot, which Town was laid out in 1786 by Charles was donated by Charles Washington, Bolivar Washington, younger brother of George was built in 1808. It was replaced in Washington, and developed as a com- 1836, and is the nucleus of the present mercial center and county seat. It was structure. Damaged during the Civil Tattersal Property the site of John Brown’s trial and execu- Prior to the Civil War, the Tattersal War, the county seat moved temporar- tion, and several skirmishes during the Property became known as the “Circus ily to Shepherdstown, but returned to Civil War took place in the town. The Hill Lot” where John Robinson would Charles Town. The building was restored town has a wide breadth of architec- set up his circus to entertain the local and enlarged with a wing addition in ture from the late 18th to 20th century. community. During the Civil War, the 1916. The red-brick Georgian Colonial (3/21/1997) lot was used as an observation point edifice has a pedimented gable end with and burial place. After the war, it was a tall portico supported by four Doric sold to Storer College. The college used Feagans’ Mill Complex columns. The courthouse was the site of the property as part of their agricultural Feagans’ Mill is a visually-command- John Brown’s trial in 1859. (7/10/1973) program. Eventually, the college’s aca- ing, rectangular-massed building with a demic programs changed and they no diminutive, one-story brick ell. Its intact New Opera House (The Old longer had a use for the property and mill site, headrace, tailrace, and signifi- Opera House) sold it to the Tattersal family. The Tat- cant footprint foundation of uncoursed The New Opera House, as it was called stone date to the late 1700s. Its 16-foot tersals built the house along with several at the time, was built to integrate per- Gibson-Todd House outbuildings that are on the property. Fitz wheel dates to 1919; its 50-foot forming arts into community activity (8/7/2001) steel flume dates to 1938. The present in Jefferson County. The building is provide social and cultural support for Feagans’ Mill is the third iteration of also significant for its architecture. The the African American community. The Charles Town the building to stand on the site. Two corner two-story building shows off a Galilean Fishermen’s Hall and the Star previously constructed mills suffered decorative brick design including cor- Lodge, both fraternal organizations, also extreme fire damage: the earliest ver- beling and arched window openings. served the community and are locally Downtown Charles Town sion of the mill building, dating from (11/24/1978) significant. This section of Charles Town Historic District the late1700s, burned in 1884; the ca. continued to evolve until after WW II. Primarily a commercial district, the area 1884 reconstructed mill burned in 1940. Old Charles Town Historic (11/2/2000) includes a few residences, government (1/23/2017) District This section of Charles Town reflects the South Charles Town Historic Gibson-Todd House evolving status and influence of the Afri- Known as the John Brown hanging site, District can American community over the years The South Charles Town Historic Dis- the house was constructed in 1891 for of settlement, Civil War, reconstruc- trict is primarily a residential district John Thomas Gibson who led the first tion and racial integration. Primarily a with a variety of architectural styles troops to arrive at the scene of John residential neighborhood, the patterns ranging from Colonial Revival to Folk Brown’s raid on nearby Harper’s Ferry. of housing and styles of architecture Victorian, and Queen Anne to Italianate. Gibson also served in various political th th represent some of the early 18 and 19 The neighborhood began to develop positions such as mayor of Charles Town century log and vernacular homes in this around 1840 and continued to grow up and member of the Jefferson County section of town. The district also in- until the Civil War. After the war, the Commission. Built of red brick, the th cludes later 20 century architecture, in- neighborhood expanded as more and house is enhanced by a multiple-gabled, cluding shotgun, bungalow and Colonial more people desired to live close to the slate-tiled roof and a massive three-story Revival. Four churches established after city. The neighborhood continued to round Norman tower. (9/16/1983) th Jefferson County Courthouse the end of the Civil War continue to grow into the 20 century. (9/16/2009) 102 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 103

Charles Washington House roof. The property also includes a bank dentil cornices. Situated on 273 acres, (Happy Retreat) barn, a Sears-Roebuck pre-cut house, a the mansion retains both its style and Charles Washington, brother of George stone outhouse and log slave quarters. the commanding view for which it was Washington, built Happy Retreat in (11/24/1996) named. (1/12/1984) 1780. He founded Charles Town on 80 acres of his land, designing the town’s Aspen Hill Beverley (Bullskin/Stephen- layout in his study. The house original- Aspen Hill was built in the middle of the son-Whiting House) th ly had two brick wings connected by 19 century and represents a group of Beverley is the site of a 400-acre work- a covered walkway. Washington died farmhouses built on northern Virginia’s ing farm, which has remained in oper- before his plans for the central portion most fertile land just before the Civil ation since 1750. The main house was of the house were fulfilled. Judge Isaac War. The house consists of two major built c. 1800 by Beverley Whiting. The Claymont Court R. Douglas purchased the property in sections including a two-story L-shaped house exhibits the Federal style with late A first-floor porch was replaced with a 1837 and added the center section. Also brick wing and a one-and-one-half-story Georgian influences. Masonry-built and two-story portico having Roman Doric on the property are an original stone rectangular log structure attached to the resting on a stone foundation, the house columns and pilasters. (4/15/1982) kitchen, adjoining smokehouse, and an main house through a frame extension. exhibits a handsome dentiled cornice octagonal schoolhouse. The stone slave Decorative elements include a portico and single-bay portico surmounted quarters and barn no longer remain. with Doric columns and unique brick- with a spindled balustrade. Two stone Cedar Lawn (7/2/1973) work. (3/13/1980) outbuildings, constructed in 1760 by Originally the house of George Wash- Richard Stephenson as part of the ington’s great nephew, John Thornton Charles Town Vicinity Barleywood original “Bullskin” farm, exhibit mas- Augustine Washington, Cedar Lawn was Barleywood is one of eight remaining sive chimneys and narrow windows. A built in 1825. The house is significant as homes owned by the Washington fam- one-story gabled wooden structure built an excellent example of the Federal style Altona Farm ily in what was then northern Virginia. c. 1840 stands behind the main house of architecture brought to Charles Town Altona is a large farm that represents the Robert G. McPherson, Millicent Wash- and served as slave quarters. (3/20/1987; by eastern Virginians. It is a two-story long agricultural tradition of the Eastern ington’s husband, built the stately brick boundary increase 4/12/2010) brick house with a slate hip roof, sym- Panhandle region. The farm is dominat- home in 1842. Prior to Millicent and metrical chimneys, and a Greek Revival ed by the large Federal-style farmhouse Robert, Samuel Washington owned the portico. To each side of the house is a built by Abraham Davenport, Jr. in 1793 Blakeley small gable extension. (12/4/1974) property. The two-story brick home, Blakeley, a dwelling which reflects the on land acquired from Charles Wash- built with a side hall and double parlors, Federal style, was built in 1820 by the ington. Renovations in the 1830s and exhibits stylistic details of the Greek great nephew of George Washington. Claymont Court the 1930s doubled the size of the house Revival style. (8/24/2007) John A. Washington II, soon after build- Bushrod Corbin Washington, great and raised the roof, altering the dwell- ing this house, inherited Mount Vernon nephew of George Washington, built the ing from its earlier weatherboard facade but continued to use this house as his brick Georgian Colonial home in 1820. to a brick house with slate-covered hip Belvedere This dignified mansion, situated at the part-time residence. Blakeley is also Destroyed by fire, the house was rebuilt in 1840 and the family continued to oc- end of a tree-lined drive, is the synthesis significant for its local history. In the th of two houses built in different periods late 19th century, the property was sold cupy the residence during the 19 cen- and later united. The original house was to John Burns, a well-known commu- tury. In June 1899, Frank Stockton, an built in 1807 by Magnus Tate II, one of nity leader and farmer. Later, Raymond author best known for his classic short the first trustees of Charles Town. The J. Funkhouser, a local businessman and story “The Lady or the Tiger?” bought larger house, built in 1824 by Magnus’ philanthropist, purchased the farm. The the property and remained there until son William, was joined to the older latter of the two rehabilitated Blakeley his death in April 1902. The home was building in 1939. Both were constructed in 1943. An additional two bays were purchased in 1943 by R.J. Funkhouser, of brick in the Federal style and both added to the already massive three-bay, a philanthropist who supported many local institutions. (7/25/1973) Altona Farm exhibit well-preserved brick corbeled two-and-one-half-story masonry house. 104 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 105

Cool Spring Farm stone cottage sits to the rear of the main addition covered with weatherboard sid- Originally settled by Quakers of German house. The farm was home to Con- ing. By the mid-19th century, the house descent from New Jersey and Pennsyl- federate Colonel Roger Preston Chew, was further expanded with several wings vania, the Bullskin Run area has been famous for his exploits during the Civil and a two-story front porch that spans an agricultural center for more than 250 War as commander of “Chew’s Battery.” the front facade. The property gained years. Cool Spring Farm reflects this (12/23/1993) significance from its connection to the time span. Although no buildings re- William Little family who bought the main from c. 1750 during Joshua Haines’ Hillside (Little Elmington) land in 1761 from Colonel John Carlyle, ownership, the property retains a stone, Old Cave Road a grantee of Lord Fairfax. The Little Federal style dwelling, built c. 1813, and Now known as “Little Elmington,” this family established a mill near the site a Greek Revival style influenced frame William Grubb Farm one-and-one-half-story masonry house that would eventually evolve into a large dwelling, built in 1832. It also includes exhibits both Colonial and Federal influ- textile mill that operated into the 1920s. a stone springhouse, other agricultural The property, which includes the c. 1759 ences. Twin chimneys flank the rect- (3/25/1994) outbuildings and 68 acres that represent Quaker burial ground, was the site of the angular red brick building. The house the farm’s history through successive Bullskin Quaker Meeting House. Built is dominated by a two-story gallery Jacks-Manning Farm (Vinton) owners. (3/27/2007) from walnut logs and covered with clap- supported by smooth Doric columns Also known as Vinton Farm, the house board siding, the farmhouse doubled in with plain capitals. A rubble-built spring and property have remained in the size in the 1880s. The two-story house house and barn complete the setting. Jacks-Manning family for over 150 years. Gap View Farm is six bays wide with a metal roof and Gap View Farm takes its name from the The house was part of a prosperous farm Constructed c. 1840, the house is an one gable end constructed of stone. The view of the gap near Harpers Ferry. The owned by several families who served excellent example of the Greek Revival property also contains a c. 1850 stone farm dates to the 1770s, with the origi- their rural settlement as soldiers and style, and is graced by a porte cochere and wood bank barn. (11/21/1991) nal section of the house constructed in community leaders. (12/12/1985) supported by Doric columns. Members 1774 by the first owner, Walter Baker, of both families played significant roles and additions constructed in the late Harewood Hopewell in the political and social development 18th century, early 19th century and early Built by Virginia architect, John Ariss, Associated with the milling industry of Charles Town. (1/12/1984) 20th century. The interior of the house is for Samuel Washington in 1770, Hare- along the Shenandoah River, Hopewell rich in woodwork, with paneled doors, wood is an example of a large Georgian was built following the common pattern Media Farm reveals, baseboards and fireplaces and stone mansion. Samuel Washington of a small central log core that gradually Beginning as a two-story, single-pen log an open stairway. The original 400-acre (1734-1781) left the Tidewater area of expanded over several years. Construct- house in 1780 by owner Charles Yates, farm was divided by the railroad which Virginia and his 600-acre farm in Staf- ed c. 1765, the house originally was a Media Farm, grew and went through came through the property in 1872. ford County to move to his new home. three-story, single-pen building, but many modifications, including a remod- Besides the main house, there are 19 When he died in 1781, he had accumu- soon doubled in size with a three-story eling that gave the house its current outbuildings and structures scattered lated some 3,800 acres of farmland. His Gothic Revival appearance, during its across the landscape. These include two brother, George Washington, recorded use as a residence, school and resort. tenant houses, a log smokehouse, and a several visits to Harewood in his diary. Farm outbuildings include tenant hous- cedar barn from the 1700s. Many of the (3/14/1973) es, smokehouses and barns, silos, wagon present outbuildings, including a third shed and corn cribs from the early 20th tenant house, date from 1937. (1/9/1997) The Hermitage century. John W. Davis, a lawyer and The Hermitage is an early example of a ambassador to Great Britain, and his William Grubb Farm (Conway/ combined log and wood frame I-house daughter, Julia McDonald Davis, whose with strong connections to the history grandparents inherited Media in 1890, Brook Manor) of Jefferson County. The house evolved Quakers, who migrated from Penn- often visited the farm. Davis was one of from a central, 18th century log core to sylvania into what was then Frederick the first women hired by the Associated a two-story, five-bay I-house with an Press and later became famous as a writ- County, Virginia, settled this 1763 farm. Hopewell Eastlake style interior. A rare c. 1734 er. (11/10/1994) 106 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 107

the late Federal style of architecture. Halltown pretation of the Gothic Revival archi- It is connected to a two-story building tectural style, the one-story chapel was through a wooden gallery. The portico constructed of stone rubble with four of the main façade and the entrance way Halltown Colored Free School engaged buttresses on each side wall. Following statehood, the West Virginia demonstrate Greek Revival style influ- Lancet windows and entry door, the legislature established the state’s first ences. Also on the property is a brick steeply-pitched roof, the shingle-clad school law which addressed, among detached kitchen and servants’ quarters. belfry and a tripartite stained glass win- other concerns, school segregation. Built (9/20/1982) dows in the rear sanctuary wall all con- in 1870 by Mr. Thomas Edwards, the tribute to the small albeit commanding Halltown Colored Free School rep- chapel’s Gothic character. (1/12/1984) St. George’s Chapel resents a time of change and reconstruc- Richwood Hall The stone ruins of St. George’s Chapel tion in the nation’s history. Mr. Edwards stand at the site of the early 1771 An- built the modest brick school to educate Halltown Vicinity Richwood Hall glican Church in Norborne Parish. The The original section of Richwood Hall the children in his family and the other lot was donated by Robert Worthington African American children in the com- was built c. 1797 by Lawrence A. Wash- of the neighboring Piedmont estate. Beall-Air munity. By 1876, Jefferson County had Constructed in two distinct stages, ington, nephew of George Washington. Although the original architect is un- ten schools and eleven teachers assigned Beall-Air is a two-story, stucco-clad Lawrence studied law and married Mary known, it is suspected that the building to educating the area’s African American brick building executed in the Classical Docas Wood, granddaughter of James was the work of John Ariss, an English children. (8/25/2004) Revival architectural style, and is named Wood, who founded Winchester, Vir- born builder. The church and ceme- for former owners Thomas Beall and ginia. The two-story brick house which tery were used by the community until his grandson, Colonel Lewis William predominates today was either built roughly 1817, after which it gradually Halltown Union Colored Sunday Washington, a distant relative of Presi- by Smith Slaughter, who purchased fell into disrepair. (8/7/2001) School the house in 1802, or Joseph Shewater, Now known as the Halltown Memorial dent George Washington. Overlooking the owner after 1829. The interior has Chapel, the historic Halltown Union Harpers Ferry Gap and the Blue Ridge exceptional wood carving which may Robert Worthington House Colored Sunday School was constructed Mountains, Beall-Air’s original section be how “Richwood” received its name. (Piedmont) in 1901 as a place of worship for Hall- dates to the late 18th century while the (6/19/1973) Robert Worthington built the single-sto- town’s African American community. later, and more prominently placed 1850 ry stone portion of this house in 1735 on Artisans and laborers from the African addition retains many of its original clas- a tree-shaded knoll along a small stream American community donated their sically-inspired features. The two-story Rion Hall creating an idyllic and welcoming respite Rion Hall was built in 1836 by William time to build the small chapel in which main block features side-stepped par- outside of Charles Town. He named the Lucas, a teacher who later turned to law all denominations were welcome to apets and a one-story Ionic portico on house “Quarry Banks-New Style” after and was elected to the Virginia Gen- worship. An excellent vernacular inter- the front facade. It is connected to a his home “Quarry Banks” in England. eral Assembly and the U.S. House of two-and-one-half-story wing through a Although he was a devout Quaker, his Representatives. The house was used section with side vestibules. (8/17/1973) son, a subsequent owner of the house, as headquarters for Union General P.H. Robert Worthington, Jr., was an equal- Sheridan during the Shenandoah Cam- Harpers Ferry ly devout Episcopalian and erected the paign. During his later years, William nearby St. George’s Chapel (also known Lucas turned to horticulture and trans- as Norborne Parish.) The brick Georgian B&O Railroad Potomac River formed the estate into a showplace of section of the house was built by Dr. arbors and formal gardens. The house Crossing John Briscoe in 1780. In 1806, Briscoe’s (Also located in Washington County, passed to Lucas’s son Daniel, the “Poet heirs added the scenic French wallpaper Maryland) of the Shenandoah.” His daughter Vir- which depicts scenes from the Greek The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Po- ginia, also a well-known author, owned epic tale, the Travels of Telemachus. tomac River Crossing reflects the evo- the house until her death in 1929. Rion (7/2/1973) lution of transportation engineering Hall is a three-story brick residence of Robert Worthington House (Piedmont) 108 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 109

technologies as influenced by growing styles. (10/15/1979; additional informa- the Civil War, the buildings associated economic development. The B & O rail tion 11/22/2010) with the Armory were burned repeated- line crosses the Potomac River in an ly so that only the canal remained. After east-west direction near Harpers Ferry. Harpers Ferry National Historic the war, the government decided not to The original bridge, built in 1836, was a Park rebuild and the land changed hands sev- covered timber structure which, by the Harpers Ferry was an important man- eral times before Savery and Co. bought end of the nineteenth century, could no ufacturing and commercial town from it to build a paper mill. Unfortunately, longer keep up with rapidly developing the paper mill did not fare well econom- 1800 to the Civil War. Here, John Hall th American railroads. Using the original pioneered the successful development of ically and in the late 19 century, the stone piers, a new bridge was construct- interchangeable parts in manufacturing factory caught fire and sustained heavy ed in 1894; however, increased speeds guns at the U.S. Armory. In 1859 the damage. Around the turn of the century, and weight of the freight traffic de- Harpers Ferry Historic District town was the scene of John Brown’s raid. the Savery family created the Harpers manded a new design. In 1931, a stron- Strategically important, Harper’s Fer- Ferry Power and Light Company. Fol- ger bridge was laid out in a new plan Harpers Ferry Historic District ry changed hands several times during lowing a series of sales, the former paper which eliminated the need for trains to Harpers Ferry Historic District is locat- the Civil War. Its capture by Stonewall mill was transformed into a major water decrease their speed which had been ed at the confluence of the Shenandoah Jackson of 12,693 Union soldiers defend- powered industrial plant that provided necessary in the past due to the old line’s and Potomac Rivers nestled within the ing the town was a prelude to the battle electricity to the Harpers Ferry commu- original curved design. (2/14/1978) Blue Ridge Mountains on land that was of Antietam Creek in 1862. This was nity until its closure in 1991. (Harpers originally settled by millwright, Robert the largest surrender of U.S. forces until Ferry National Historic Park additional Grandview School Harper in 1751. In addition to his water World War II. The park encompasses information 8/7/2001) This segregated school served the Afri- powered sawmill, Harper established Virginius and Hall Islands and their ar- can American children of Harpers Ferry and operated a ferry that crossed the chaeological resources, multiple armory Lee-Longsworth House from 1930 until 1965. Its principals and Potomac River. Impressed by the power houses and the fortifications at Boli- Situated on high ground within the vil- teachers were graduates of Storer Col- potential of the two converging rivers, var, Loudoun, and Maryland Heights. lage of Bolivar outside of Harpers Ferry, lege. It replaced a small frame building President George Washington selected (10/15/1966, additional documentation this c. 1800 dwelling is an example of the on Ridge Street constructed in 1888. The Harper’s ferry site for a musket produc- 8/2/2001) transitional period between the Geor- 1929 bond provided only $10,000 for ing factory, or armory, in 1785. Com- gian and Federal architectural styles. Grandview School, while the whites only prised of historic buildings, sites (includ- Hydroelectric Power Plant (Poto- The two-story house rests on a high District High School received $ 60,000 ing both building ruins and cemeteries), stone foundation and was constructed and the white elementary at Millville and Civil War fortifications, Harpers mac Power Plant) in Flemish bond. The side-entrance is The Hydroelectric Power Plant sits along $ 22,000. Grandview School was built Ferry was an important manufacturing surmounted by a semicircular fanlight the south bank of the Potomac River. without indoor bathrooms. In 1932 the and commercial town from the early 19th The two-story industrial building and School Board approved “two sanitary century to the outbreak of the Civil War. the dry power canal are the only extant closets outside on Grand View School.” Many of the earlier houses were built evidence of the property’s use over the A concrete block addition with modern to house those employed by the United last century and their presence helps to toilet facilities was added c.1940. From States Armory and Arsenal located in convey the significance of water-pow- 1954 to 1965 Jefferson County followed Harpers Ferry. These houses are two and ered industry in Harpers Ferry. Parts of a “freedom of choice” plan. With the three-story stone and brick dwellings the power plant building date to as early county finally integrating schools in that reflect both the Federal and Greek as 1834, when a Tilt-Hammer Shop was 1965, Grand View Elementary closed. Revival architectural styles. During Re- constructed on the property. In 1853, a It was used as an integrated school for construction, Harpers Ferry experienced Rolling Mill was built on the foundation 5th and 6th graders for a few years until it a second period of growth in which new of the Tilt-Hammer shop. Both buildings permanently closed in 1971. (addition- town merchants constructed homes were part of the United States Arsenal al documentation, Harpers Ferry NHP, with architectural influences from the and Armory in Harpers Ferry. During 8/7/2001) Queen Anne, Eastlake, and Italianate Lee-Longsworth House 110 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 111

and framed by nine-over-six windows. St. Peter’s Roman Catholic education. Desegregation resulted in an Other notable architectural features Church end to state and federal funding for the include gabled dormers with pilasters Erected on land posthumously donat- school, which, in turn led to the college’s and a stucco-clad foundation that has ed by town founder Robert Harper, St. closing in 1955. Architecturally, the been scored to mimic cut stone. Grained Peter’s was completed and consecrated campus offers a variety of styles includ- woodwork and the delicate character of in 1833. Originally a one-story brick ing Greek Revival, Italianate, Classical the formal staircase and dado, or wain- building, the exterior was remodeled Revival and Queen Anne. (Harpers Ferry scoting, evokes the restraint of a Federal in 1896 giving the building its current National Historic Park additional infor- period interior. The house was owned Gothic Revival appearance. A new bell mation 8/7/2001) by the Lee family, the Virginia dynasty tower and steeple were also erected in who held extensive land the building’s southeast Storer College Harper’s Ferry Vicinity holdings in what was to corner replacing the cial endeavors, a new industrial boom, become Jefferson Coun- earlier central tower. higher education, and summer tour- Allstadt House and Ordinary ty, West Virginia and Although this was the ism all sparked unprecedented growth This complex of buildings includes who figured prominent- third church construct- and thus, the need for a larger, regional an L-shaped stucco-clad brick house, ly in Jefferson Coun- ed in Harpers Ferry, its school for the Harpers Ferry School a two-story stone house, a stone and ty land speculation. significance lies in the District. The school operated until 1971. frame bank barn, and the Allstadt fam- (9/23/1985) fact that St. Peter’s was (Harpers Ferry National Historic Park ily cemetery. Constructed c. 1790, the the first church erect- additional information 8/7/2001) main house was purchased in 1811 by Bradley Nash Farm ed on private land and Jacob Allstadt to be used as a tavern or Prior to the Civil War, the only church to be “ordinary.” Originally a one-story build- the Bradley Nash Farm Storer College spared serious structur- ing, allegedly constructed by members was in an undeveloped Originally established to provide an al damage during the of the Lee family of Virginia, a second area of Harpers Ferry elementary level education for newly Civil War, thanks, in story was added some time later. The that overlooks the Po- emancipated slaves, Reverend Nathan part, to church pas- second stone house was constructed c. tomac River. During the St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church Brackett envisioned Storer College as a tor, Reverend Michael 1830 to enlarge the tavern’s business. Civil War, it was likely Normal School for preparation to attend Costello. (3/30/1973) The c. 1830 bank barn exhibits cham- used by the northern end of the Union’s four-year universities. In 1867, Storer fered columns and stout iron bar locks. Western defensive line along the Bolivar College was established using buildings Shipley School that were once part of the old federal ar- The Allstadt House is significant for its Heights Ridge. After the war, the land The Shipley School, constructed in 1912 mory on “Camp Hill.” Nineteen students association with John Brown’s Raid of changed hands several times. The Barker of brick and cast stone, is an excellent were enrolled in 1865. As attendance 1859. (4/9/1985) family purchased the land in the early example of Classical Revival architecture th grew, the campus expanded to include 20 century and built a small house and designed by Clarksburg-based architects men and women’s dormitories, Antho- Bolivar Heights-School House several agricultural outbuildings that Holmboe and Lafferty. Formerly the old ny Memorial Hall, and the Bird Brady supported the farmstead. Mrs. Barker Harpers Ferry High School, it represents Ridge Skirmish Site House in 1890. Abolitionist and orator During the 1862 siege of Harpers Fer- sold the property to Mr. Bradley Nash a new era of progress for the small town Frederick Douglass served on the Col- ry, Confederate troops, under the in 1951. Nash, who served two mayor- that was devastated by the Civil War. lege’s Board of Trustees from 1889-1891. command of Major General Thomas J. al terms in Harpers Ferry, was integral The school’s construction also signaled In 1906, Dr. W.E.B. Dubois, leader of the “Stonewall” Jackson, had, by the morn- to the development of Harpers Ferry the introduction of school consolidation, Canadian-based Niagara Movement, ing of September 15, 1862, surrounded National Historical Park. The Bradley a nationwide trend that took hold in chose the college as the location for their the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry Nash Farm is significant for both its West Virginia by the 1910s. Prior to the annual conference. Storer College be- with artillery stationed on School House agricultural history as well as its associa- Shipley School, children attended one of came a four-year college in 1938 offering Ridge, Maryland Heights and Loudoun tion as a landscape within Harpers Ferry. two small schools located in in Harpers bachelor’s degrees in Home Econom- Heights. Confederate infantry under the (Harpers Ferry National Historic Park Ferry and/or Bolivar. New commer- additional information 8/7/2001) ics, Science education and elementary command of Brigadier General Jubal 112 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 113

Early on the east face of School House original dirt floor has been covered by a grove of Maple trees and evergreens. Ridge prepared to attack the Feder- wood and the home retains its original The farm’s significance is associated with al skirmish line along the west face of open hearth. A two-story addition, built William A. Fulk, a local dairy farmer Bolivar Heights, in addition to Confed- c. 1880, is compatible with the main who was instrumental in establishing erate General A.P. Hill’s attack from the house both materially and architectur- the Kearneysville Creamery in 1913. His southwest. Overwhelmed by Confeder- ally. A rubble stone cellar house, built large brick Colonial Revival house was ate artillery fire, Col. Dixon Miles sur- c. 1790, and a board and batten barn, built a year later. Also on the property rendered the Union garrison. Following Rellim Farm (Miller Farm) built c. 1880, complete the farm. Due to are several outbuildings that support the the end of the Civil War, the small valley its proximity to several significant local farm’s dairy, grain, and orchard opera- community near Schoolhouse Ridge it later opened to the automobile as well. thoroughfares, the Strider House could tions as well as a c. 1850 log house that and Bolivar Heights attempted to return In 1936, it was toppled by raging flood- not escape being intimately involved pre-dates Fulk’s purchase of the farm to its quiet existence and resume its waters. (Harpers Ferry National Historic in several of the Civil War’s most nota- land in 1899. The Kearneysville Cream- agricultural endeavors including fruit Park additional information 8/7/2001) ble engagements including the Antie- ery went on to significantly expand its farming and grain cultivation. (Harpers tam campaign and General Sheridan’s output including milk, ice, butter, and Ferry National Historic Park additional Niswarner Tract (Sherwood Shenandoah Campaign. (2/1/1988) by 1920, they installed a boiler system information 8/7/2001) Property) to pasteurize their products, a state-of- Through 1861 and 1862, Loudoun Kearneysville the-art operation for the early twentieth Bollman Bridge (Wernwag or Heights was occupied variously by both century. (3/18/1999) Confederate and Union armies. Con- Latrobe Bridge/B&O Railroad Rellim Farm (Miller Farm) federate artillery strategically located on Traveler’s Rest (General Horatio Potomac Bridge) land associated with the Niswarner farm Rellim Farm was established in 1888 by At the confluence of the Shenandoah Gates House) helped facilitate the surrender of Union Abraham Miller who recognized the and Potomac Rivers are the ruins of Horatio Gates built his limestone home troops at Harpers Ferry on September developing orchard industry in West two early railroad bridges that shared in two stages: the eastern portion of the 15, 1862. The Niswarner family owned Virginia’s Eastern Panhandle in the late the same alignment. The first bridge, th home in 1773 and the western section a 151-acre tract that was purchased in 19 century. In 1905, he laid out the designed by Benjamin Latrobe, Chief a few years later. General Gates served 1818 from Lord Fairfax. Several gener- formal orchard which remained in the Engineer for the B & O Railroad, and th in the British Army during the French ations successfully farmed the land and Miller family throughout the 20 cen- built by local bridge builder, Lewis Wer- st. and Indian Wars, fighting with General began an orchard. In 1879, 121 acres tury and into the 21 The rural land- nwag, was a covered timber structure Edward Braddock at Fort Duquesne, and were purchased by George W. Green. scape is comprised of the 50-acre formal built in 1836-37 and used by rail, foot later in the Mohawk Valley of New York. The farm became known as the “Fruit orchard (featuring both heirloom apple and wagon traffic. The Wernwag Bridge, Following the end of the French and Hill Farm” for its orchards. (Harpers and cherry trees), several barns, mul- as it was known, did not change until Indian War, Gates returned to England. Ferry National Historic Park additional tiple ancillary outbuildings and sheds 1851 when Wendell Bollman designed However, after growing disenchanted information 8/7/2001) that support the orchard operation, and a new iron span that began at Harpers the 1888 Rellim Farm Main House. The with the lack of opportunities for future Ferry abutment and continued to the firs farm is the oldest continuously family pier. During the Civil War, Confederate Strider Farm owned and operated orchard in Jeffer- The Strider Farm, located on a pictur- forces burned the wooden section of son County with some of the root stock esque knoll that overlooks the Potomac the bridge and blew up Bollman’s iron dating to the 1920s. The farm was also River and Harpers Ferry National His- truss, leaving only the stone piers. After used as part of West Virginia Universi- torical Park was home to the Strider the war, Bollman designed a new iron ty’s early experimental orchard program. family whose members served the com- truss bridge on the same alignment. This (12/4/1998) bridge operated for thirty years until the munity and the state in different capaci- B&O Railroad built a new bridge on a ties: farmer, Confederate soldier, county commissioner, and Episcopal bishop. Sunnyside Farm (Fulk Farm) new alignment. In 1894, the old Bollman Situated on the western edge of Kear- Bridge opened to foot and wagon traffic; The c. 1790 main house is a fine example of a Federal-style stone farmhouse. The neysville, Sunnyside Farm sits among Traveler’s Rest (General Horatio Gates House) 114 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 115

military advancement, Gates and his can columns. A large barn and corn crib, flanked by sidelights and topped with From England, Lee had fought on the family sailed to America in August 1772 two of many agricultural dependencies, a Demilune fanlight. Gothic elements side of the English in the French and and settled in what was then Berkeley were also built in 1906. Many of the re- including cross gables and a full-span, Indian War, before serving in Poland County, Virginia. He purchased a 659- maining ancillary domestic outbuildings single-story veranda with a bracketed and France. He came to America in acre farm and christened it “Traveller’s date to the original nineteenth-century cornice were added in 1881. Sited atop 1773, settling on his farm a year later. Rest.” He fought again in the War of building campaign. The fields adjoining a hill that overlooks the extensive Jeffer- Lee joined the Continental Army in Independence, serving in high-ranking the house were in continuous use raising son County farmlands and the Opequon 1775 and fought in various campaigns. positions within the Continental Army livestock and fodder well into the 1950s. Creek, the two-and-one-half-story brick Quarrelsome and hot-tempered, Lee between 1775 and 1783. Gates retired Originally included in the vast land building was built by slave labor c. 1805. was court-martialed in 1778 for disobe- from military service in 1783, and re- holdings of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, the Originally owned by the locally promi- dience of orders and disrespect to the turned to his farm. Although reduced in Elmwood property still retains its rural nent Dandridge family, the Bower first commander-in-chief, George Washing- size, the farm’s residence, little altered character and flavor. (3/22/2006) gained recognition in literature when ton. (4/11/1973) from its eighteenth-century appearance, novelist John Pendleton Kennedy was and stone outbuildings remain intact. Woodlawn invited to make a lengthy visit to the (7/31/1972; National Historic Landmark Constructed in 1820, Woodlawn was home. The Bower also became head- 11/15/1972) home to the Wiltshire family. James quarters for General J.E.B. Stuart’s staff Hurst, a large plantation owner, con- during the Civil War. (4/15/1982) Kearneysville Vicinity structed the two-and-one-half story home with Flemish bond on the façade Jefferson County Alms House and English-bond, on the remaining (Snow Hill Farm) Elmwood-on-the-Opequon three sides, all resting atop a fieldstone “Elmwood-on-the-Opequon” is an Established as Snow Hill Farm in 1813, foundation. A stepped brick cornice and evolved, sprawling house that began as the Federal-style brick farmhouse was a centrally located open porch support- a one or one-and-one-half story build- built by John and Mary Hurst. The pros- ed by fluted Doric columns and pilasters ing initially constructed of log ca. 1830. perous 218-acre farm was sold in 1857 add to the classically influenced exterior. At an indeterminate time, the roof was to become the county’s alms house. Two Prato Rio (General Charles Lee House/ Although classified as a Federal-style Hopewell) raised to create a full two-story house. additions have been made to the house: home, the interior reflects a Georgian In 1906, a two-story, addition was con- a two-story brick addition to the west influence repeated in the woodwork, structed at a right angle to the original elevation in 1858 and a frame addition Woodbury faux grained woodwork, and marble Woodbury is a 22-room antebellum block, resulting in the L-shape of the to the east elevation in 1880 (this section decorations. The property also includes mansion, built during the period of home. The two-story house has a broad, burned.) The additions were necessary a smokehouse and agricultural shed. growth prior to the Civil War by Virgin- hipped-roof veranda supported by Tus- to house the inmates. The Alms House Woodlawn was home to several gen- was used as such for 102 years, serving ia judge and teacher, Henry St. George erations of successful Jefferson County into the 1950s. Today the property is Tucker. It is a two-and-one-half-story agriculturalists, and its high-style archi- used as county fairgrounds and for other residence entered through a centered tectural expression is indicative of their activities. (4/14/1994) portico and Greek Revival threshold. prosperity. (3/24/2000) Woodbury is arranged symmetrical- Prato Rio (General Charles Lee ly with stepped parapets, multi-light Leetown Vicinity windows and arched dormers. Although House/Hopewell) not his family’s primary residence, the The log section of Prato Rio was con- country estate served as an inspirational structed in 1731 and enlarged with a The Bower retreat over which Tucker presided with stone section in 1733 by Jacob Hite. In “The Bower” is a Federal-period house dignity and distinction and exemplified 1774, Hite sold his 3,000-acre Hopewell with traditional classical elements the growing architectural sophistication plantation and house to Charles Lee including Flemish bond construction, of western Virginia. (10/9/1974) Woodlawn Ionic columns, and a double-leaf entry who renamed the estate “Prato Rio.” 116 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 117

Farms and Barns Many family farms in West Virginia are tributes to the state’s agrarian culture. Families raised their own livestock, grew their own produce, and lived as self-sufficiently as possible. As the West Virginia landscape became dominated by farming homesteads, barns were built to house animals and store supplies. Some of these early barns not only remain standing, but they 9 remain in use today. And, many family farms owned by descendants of early settlers remain active today. At the Ripon Lodge Farm in Jefferson County, an open-foray barn was built in 1833 with hand-hewn logs and pegged joints. The barn is a Wheeling subtype of the standard Pennsylvania bank barn and continues to 1 house hay and its original granaries and livestock shelters. Measuring 22’ x 22’, the Faber Barn in Jackson County is an excellent Morgantown example of a side-gabled barn. Built around 1859, it is a rare surviving example of the double-crib log barn design. The Faber Family has 8 Martinsburg owned the farm on which the barn sits since 1843, and the barn has 6 5 been in continuous use since its construction. Constructed with a 12 common roof, two cribs face a central passageway, a design that gave 2 rise to the dog-trot house. 11 While some barns are listed individually in the National Register, most are recognized as contributing resources associated with the entire farm property. On the Altona Farm property in Jefferson County there 7 Faber Barn, Jackson County 4 10 is a 198-foot long bank barn. Sitting on a locally-sourced limestone Huntington foundation and covered in weatherboard, the barn has had an addition, but the original brick Charleston gable can be seen in the barn’s interior. Another bank barn can be found at Fort Hill Farm, a historic Federal-style plantation house located in Mineral County. Built in 1873, the L-shaped barn is clad in red clapboard with brick 3 on its lower level. This barn and a later barn from the 1950s support the farming begun more 1. Bennett Cockayne House, Marshall County than a century ago by the Hannah family and 2. Buena Vista Farm, Hardy County continued today by descendants. Beckley 15 14 13 3. Edgefield Farm, Greenbrier County On the Edgefield property in Greenbrier County, 4. Faber Double Crib Barn, Jackson County a 60’ x 80’ barn was constructed in 1911, with a 5. Fort Hill Farm, Mineral County milking section added to the structure in 1957. 6. Gap View Farm, Jefferson County According to the National Register nomination, Bluefield 7. Grape Hill (Gen. John McCausland House), the cows were brought into the barn on an Mason County elevated concrete deck, which let the farm 8. Hamilton Round Barn, Marion County operators milk the cows without bending over. 9. Nathan Hellings Apple Barn, Hancock County This innovation was the idea of Floy Whiting 10. Ananias Pitsenbarger Farm, Pendleton County Whorrell, the widowed farm owner and local dairy 11. Rankin Octagonal Barn, Jackson County Grape Hill, Mason County farming pioneer. 12. Ripon Lodge, Jefferson County Though barns were plentiful in West Virginia during the 19th century, their existence today is 13. Samuel Gwinn Plantation, Summers County rare, as many have been replaced by modern barns. However, those that remain remind West 14. Spring Valley Farm, Monroe County Virginians of the state’s agricultural roots. 15. Trump Lilly Farm, Fayette County 118 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 119

Martinsburg Vicinity Middleway ble evolved around the area’s first mill built in 1734. Buildings in the district were constructed to support commer- Miller Tavern and Farm Middleway Historic District cial enterprises such as grain milling, (also in Berkeley County) Originally known as Smithfield, the blacksmithing, broom-making and The Miller Tavern and Farm is anchored town of Middleway developed when a store-keeping, all becoming part of the by a c. 1813 frame-constructed tavern population boom in the late 18th and village’s eclectic architecture. Local with a c. 1831 brick I-house addition. early 19th centuries produced a concen- farmers built their houses in Scrabble, The room arrangement suggests a tration of buildings on the edge of the adding a distinguished residential com- gathering room and a kitchen with a western frontier. John and Rees Smith ponent to the architectural mix. A one- large cooking fireplace on the first story established a grist and hemp mill along room schoolhouse, a brick church, and and sleeping rooms above. A collection Turkey Run in 1734. The family was part Scrabble Historic District its cemetery complete this rural village. of historic barns and outbuildings and of the Smithfield Promotion of 1790, a entry way and a centrally placed tow- (3/22/2006) approximately 240 acres of productive movement to establish a sufficient town er. It now serves as Ranson City Hall. farmland unite to create a whole that is population to incorporate with trustees (8/2/2001) illustrative of the area’s agrarian heri- and regulations. This was accomplished Shannondale Vicinity tage. (3/22/2006) by 1798 when Smithfield was chartered Rippon Vicinity by an act of the Virginia legislature. By Shannondale Springs Henry Orndoff House then, many of the lots had been sold Shannondale Springs was once a pop- (also in Berkeley County) and the town was quickly established. Ripon Lodge ular resort in the 19th century. It was Occupying a hilltop overlooking the The earliest section of the Orndoff-Cross The name of the town was changed to developed after 1820 to profit from the Shenandoah Valley, Ripon Lodge was House was built along Pack Horse Road Middleway in 1810 by the postal ser- curative powers of the mineral springs. constructed in 1833 by Henry S. Turn- c. 1796 after Henry Orndoff’s acquisi- vice. When the railroad skirted the town At its height, Shannondale Springs had er, a prominent local landowner. The tion of a 322-acre tract that same year. It in the 1870s, it became a small village. a large hotel and small cottages set on two-story, T-shaped main house is con- was likely that Orndoff’s growing family Many of the early vernacular build- grounds that included a formal garden, structed of mostly uncoursed, roughly outgrew the original log house and that ings of log construction still survive. bath houses, and slave quarters. Written squared, limestone rubble and is domi- th the early additions were built according- (3/13/1980) accounts from the 19 century promote nated by a Greek Revival-style one-story ly. The second-story of the kitchen wing, the virtues of the resort’s amenities and portico with fluted Doric columns. The accessed by the rear stairs, likely served the water’s incomparable healing qual- Ranson property also boasts a one-and-one- as servants’ quarters. Orndoff died in ities. The resort gained even greater half story detached summer kitchen, 1833 leaving the property to his son notoriety after famed female novelist a stone smokehouse and a one-story, who retained the family farm. Upon his Charles Town Mining, Mrs. Emma D.E.N. Southworth set single-room building constructed in death, he left the property to his neph- Manufacturing & Improvement her romance novel Shannondale at the the Gothic Revival style. The farm also ews and several slaves. (3/22/2006) Company Building Springs. Although the resort’s hotel was includes a manager’s house and a tenant The Charles Town Mining, Manufactur- twice destroyed by fire, the last time in “month-man house” as well as its fields, ing & Improvement Company Building 1909, the remaining cottages and out- crop land, timber and pasture areas. was designed by local architect, J.C. buildings continued to operate into the (8/18/1983; boundary amendment th Holmes, and built in 1891. In 1893, the early 20 century, remaining a viable 8/14/1998) building was sold and became home source of medicinal waters. Following to Charles Town High School. It later a series of new owners and a period of served as a post office, confectionary, Scrabble financial decline, the property eventually apartment building and city offices. The became part of a much larger tract of building is a fine example of the Ro- Scrabble Historic District land administered as a hunting and fish- manesque Revival style with rusticated (also in Berkeley County) ing preserve by the West Virginia Divi- Middleway Historic District stonework on the first floor, key shaped The unincorporated village of Scrab- sion of Natural Resources. (3/31/1998) 120 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 121

Shenandoah Junction Richard Duffield $2,500 to use his land Although overall vernacular in flavor, to build tracks. Duffield used the money Hazelfield’s portico and several interior Vicinity to build the depot which housed the B & elements like the massive entrance hall O station master (the stone section) and and the delicate fluted pilasters around Peter Burr House stored incoming and outgoing goods the mantels are reminiscent of the Adam Built in the mid-18th century, this log and commodities (frame section). Once architectural style. (12/12/1976) house survives today as a rare exam- completed in 1839, it was one of five ple of an early family homestead. Peter stops located between Martinsburg and Tackley Farm (Valley View) Burr, a close relative to Vice President Harpers Ferry serving both local farmers Tackley Farm was established in 1777 Aaron Burr and New England native, and railroad passengers daily from 1839 by Dutch immigrant Michael Blue constructed the two-story log, beam until 1883. (8/3/2007) who had learned of the land and farm- Tackley Farm (Valley View) and board house reflecting earlier ing opportunities while serving in the New-England Colonial style architec- Glenburnie colonial militia in Delaware. Michael York Hill ture. Although there are five buildings in York Hill is a 138-acre farm complex This farm complex, in use since the early Blue, as well as his brother Uriah, both th Jefferson County that pre-date the Burr 19th century, centers on the main house became successful farmers and amassed comprised of a late-18 century house, house, these were constructed using ma- and large stone barn. Built c. 1802 of sufficient wealth to acquire neighboring an 1812 stone-bank barn, a stone sonry construction and are large, manor red brick on a limestone foundation, property in what was Berkeley County, springhouse, a stone smoke house, a houses as opposed to this more modest the two-story main house is a substan- Virginia in the 18th century. The two-sto- small family cemetery, and a large fruit dwelling. The c. 1751 property remains tial example of the Federal style. The c. ry Greek Revival farm house was con- orchard that dates to the early 1900s. one of West Virginia’s oldest existing 1804 limestone rubble barn is a land- structed c. 1840 of locally manufactured Active since 1750, the farm has moved homesteads. (4/9/1982) bank structure with four narrow venti- brick and sited on a hill surrounded by from raising livestock and growing lation slits at the entrance level. Other rich farmland. The house joined an ear- wheat to intensive fruit production, Duffields Depot outbuildings include two wood-sided lier bank barn and several outbuildings remaining a fixture in the region’s agri- This simple, unadorned limestone and meat houses, a board-and-batten wood that supported the early farming oper- cultural industry. Both the stone bank frame building with a gable roof is shop, a wood-sided corncrib/workshop, ation. Parts of Blue’s original barn were barn and the original log farmhouse significant for its association with the a stone springhouse, a pigpen, and a incorporated into a new barn building reflects the farm’s growth and evolution. advancement of the Baltimore & Ohio domed-roof silo. Both James Glenn, in 1929. O.M. Merchant purchased the The bank barn was converted from its Railroad in the mid-19th century. In builder of Glenburnie, and his son, farm in 1935, adding milking stalls, stan- original use, grain storage and livestock addition, the station was used by Union James William, are mentioned for ser- chions and concrete troughs to support stalls, to meet the needs for cold stor- troops during the Civil War to stock vice to their country in the Revolution- Grade-A milk production. The property age of produce. The original log house has been adapted as well with two early up on food and other supplies. In 1839, ary and Civil Wars. (11/28/1988) also includes a milk house and hog pen. th the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad offered (11/4/1994) 19 century additions, one log and one stone, to the original late 18th century Hazelfield block. (7/26/2006) Originally, “Hazelfield” was the name given to the 600-acre estate presented to Ann Stephen at her first wedding Shepherdstown from her father, Adam, the founder of Martinsburg. The name now refers to Rumsey Hall (Entler Hotel) the house that was built in 1815, per- In the 19th century, the Entler Hotel haps imitating the Milton House in was a complex of six adjacent sections Edinburgh, Scotland. The overall plan erected between the late 18th century of Hazelfield is square with a side ell. and 1815. The property served as a hotel Unique fireplaces, a prominently-placed for businessmen and was also the scene fanlight, and transoms add charac- York Hill of many social affairs. The two-story Duffields Depot ter to the stucco-clad fieldstone walls. 122 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 123

of 1810. Sources attribute the success of Greek-Revival detailing. The third and Shenandoah Valley’s first settler, Edward the county’s milling industry to Thomas final section of this “telescope” house Lucas II. The house was built by his Shepherd. Mill tenant Luther Thompson was added by the Scully family in the son, Edward Lucas III, in 1797 and was restored the large, 40-foot, wrought- 1920s. Still present are the log bank later used as an army hospital during iron Fitz-made overshot water wheel in barn, slave cabins, cemetery, the tenant the Civil War by his great-grandson, Dr. 1923 and operated the mill until 1939. house (1905), and farm outbuildings Robert Lucas. It is a two-story Federal (5/6/1971) representative of cattle and orchard pro- brick building featuring many classical- duction. (11/22/1999) ly-inspired architectural characteris- Shepherdstown Historic District tics including a Greek Revival portico, (New Mecklenburg Historic Cold Spring symmetrical multi-light windows, and In 1793, Edward Lucas III helped his son Flemish-bond brickwork with glazed District) black headers. (8/17/1973) The Shepherdstown Historic District Robert build the house known as “Cold residences date primarily to the period Spring.” Robert Lucas and his wife, between 1790 and 1920. Most houses Sarah Rion, the daughter of Revolution- Falling Spring (Morgan’s Grove) in the district are of brick construction ary soldier John Rion, lived in the house The main house, completed in 1837 and and styles represented include Geor- during their lifetime. The two-story, remodeled in the early 1900s, features gian, Federal, Greek Revival, and Queen Federal style house was constructed of dignified Neoclassical Revival architec- Anne, among others. The district’s char- coursed ashlar stone and has large gable ture with Ionic columns on the front Shepherd’s Mill acter is enhanced by the survival of brick end chimneys and a very symmetrical and rear porticos. Among the complex fenestration pattern. Robert and Sarah’s of structures that surround the main building has many of the hallmarks of a sidewalks, curbstones, stone mounting sons, Edward V., William and “Colonel building is the Old Stone House, built in vernacular interpretation of the Federal blocks, and elegant trees. The town has Bob,” all had successful professional 1734 by Richard Morgan, grandfather period architectural style: Flemish-bond a rich history including furnishing more lives, serving in the military, in politics, of Jacob Morgan, the builder of Falling construction, molded brick water table, soldiers for service in the Revolutionary and the law. The residence was inherited Spring. Two springs are present on the multi-light windows, a cornice with den- War than any other town of its size in by son, Robert (William built Rion Hall), property: Morgan’s Spring, which served til, and a fan light which surmounts the Virginia. James Rumsey made the first who rose to the rank of colonel in the as the starting point of the 1775 “Beeline front entry. It was a temporary hospital public demonstration of a steam pro- War of 1812. (8/14/1973) March, of volunteers to Boston to join for soldiers wounded in the Battle of pelled boat in 1787 on the nearby Poto- the Continental Army, and Bubbling Antietam in 1862. The property became mac River. The Potomac River crossings Spring. William Morgan inherited the the first men’s dormitory for Shepherd made it a strategic point in the Civil Elmwood farm from his father Jacob and later College in 1921 and was renamed Rum- War. (8/17/1973; boundary increase Elmwood sits on the land claimed by the became a Colonel in the Confederate sey Hall. (3/30/1973) 7/22/1987) army. The house was purchased by the Crawford family in 1904 and complete- Shepherd’s Mill Shepherdstown Vicinity ly remodeled adding a Japanese-style Shepherd’s Mill was built prior to 1739 garden, reflecting their extensive travel on land laid out for building lots by Boidstones Place (Greenbrakes abroad. (2/15/1989) Thomas Shepherd, Sr. near the Pack Horse Ford Potomac River crossing. Farm) County Route 5 (Shepherd Grade) Shepherd bequeathed the mill to his Fruit Hill (Robinson- The original house, constructed for son, Thomas Jr., in 1776, along with a Andrews-Hoxton House) Thomas Boydston in the 18th century, neighboring brick house. Originally, the Fruit Hill includes two houses, the first faced east toward the Potomac River. In mill was a two-story stone structure, being a small, two-story stone rubble 1835, Charles Shepherd replaced this with the frame third story being added house built c. 1766 with a later brick log structure with a west-facing frame in 1880. The mill was one of 31 grist or addition. The L-shaped main house is an house. This dwelling was attached to merchant mills in Jefferson County as Cold Spring excellent example of the Greek Revival an earlier kitchen wing and trimmed in 124 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 125

James Marshall House attic and cellar in 1803. Daniel Morgan, Potomac Mills (Windward) a seven-term Jefferson County represen- The Potomac Mills complex was orig- Constructed in 1835 by James Marshall, tative in the Virginia House of Delegates, inally established in 1826 by Henry this house is a well-preserved exam- hosted social functions and added a Boteler and George Reynolds as a grain ple of a Greek Revival farmhouse. The wisteria and the beginnings of a formal and flour mill. By 1828, a cement mill two-story, five-bay, L-shaped house rests garden. The third and final addition, a and processing complex had been added on a limestone rubble foundation and six room brick wing, was completed by to meet the need for hydraulic cement is graced by Flemish bond brickwork Caroline Bedinger Dandridge in 1859. to aid in construction of the Chesapeake on its main facade. A one-story porch, Renamed Rosebrake upon purchase by & Ohio Canal. Although Union troops supported by slightly tapered, squared, Danske Bedinger Dandridge in 1877, burned the buildings that comprised the posts and surmounted by an entablature she was both a poet and local historian complex during the Civil War, they were published in Harpers and The Centu- rebuilt and processing of both grain and Fruit Hill (Robinson-Andrews-Hoxton House) and pedimented roof, frames the dou- ble-leaf entry. The trabeated entrance ry as well as in book form. The house cement resumed. The cement mill con- is flanked by sidelights and a transom remained unaltered until 1950 when tinued to thrive until a devastating flood architectural style as illustrated by its th subsequent owners, nieces of Danske in the late 19 century. The mills closed Doric-columned entry porch. Its brick whose mullions are decorated with acan- Dandridge added a two-tiered Palladian in 1901. The site is presently comprised construction is detailed with Flemish thus leaf motifs. Owned by the Marshall portico that exhibited both classical lines of stone foundation walls, Potomac Mill bond brickwork and ornamental cor- family until the early twentieth century, and symmetrical design. (5/13/1983) dam remains, a battery of kilns, and sup- nices and punctuated by Georgian-style subsequent owners continued the farm port structures. (2/5/2014) end chimneys. Built c. 1830, the house and orchard operations in addition to is also significant as the birthplace of the establishing a turkey farming operation. Morgan’s Grove Historic District This historic district recognized the early 20th century author and historian (9/27/1988) relationship between previously listed Matthew Page Andrews. (9/26/1988) Morgan-Bedinger-Dandridge resources, Rosebrake and Falling Spring, House (Rosebrake) and added Springdale, home of William Captain William Lucas and Morgan, and Morgan’s Grove Park (also This house was built in three distinct Robert Lucas House (Linden known as Fountain Rock.) Associated phases. Attributed to early settler with the Morgan family, some of the Spring) Richard Morgan, construction on the Linden Spring was built c. 1793 for earliest settlers in the region, the his- first structure began c. 1745. Morgan’s Captain William Lucas (1742-1814), a tory of the area includes events of the grandson, Daniel Morgan constructed a Revolutionary War soldier and citizen American Revolution and Civil War. four-room brick addition along with an of some wealth, and was the childhood The fairground at Morgan’s Grove Park, home of Robert Lucas (1781-1853), the site of annual fair events until 1931, Governor of Ohio and first territorial was the site of William Jennings Bryan’s Rockland (Verdier Plantation/Schley Farm/ governor of Iowa. The Lucas family first September 6, 1900 political campaign Knode House) settled in Jefferson County in 1732 on speech. The district is also comprised land that they acquired from Lord Fair- of land historically associated with Rockland (Verdier Plantation/ fax. The two-story house was construct- Morgan family holdings as well as early Schley Farm/Knode House) ed with two-foot thick random rubble wagon roads and turnpikes that lead to Built sometime between 1771 and 1785 stone walls and executed in the regional- Morgan-family homes. Other landscape by James Verdier, the original section of ly ubiquitous vernacular L-shaped plan. features like trees and stone walls, both the house is built from local limestone Although its stone walls are massive, serving as property boundaries, also ashlar blocks laid in irregular coursing. they are still well proportioned and remain extant throughout the historic Rugged stone quoins brace the corners well-appointed with subtle and refined district. (3/19/1999) of the building and dressed stone jack masonry details like quoins and flat-jack Morgan-Bedinger-Dandridge House arches support the walls above each arches above the windows. (9/2/1992) (Rosebrake) 126 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 127

18th century log house at the rear of the stone lintels with raised keystones show property. (5/18/1990) elements of the Georgian style. Chris- tian Allemong was a prominent local Van Swearingen-Shepherd House landowner who came to the area from (Bellevue) Germantown, Pennsylvania. It is likely Originally constructed in 1773, the that the building traditions of his ances- building stood either one or one-and- tors provided a model to follow when he one-half stories in height and was con- relocated to Bullskin Run. (5/2/2003) [1] structed of stone. A second building campaign centered around the addition White House Farm of second story of brick construction. Believed to be one of the oldest hous- Additional changes around 1907 re- es in eastern West Virginia, the stone sulted in the home’s current Colonial house of White House Farm is the prin- Revival appearance. Known as “Bellev- cipal building remaining from a number Rockland (Verdier Plantation/Schley Farm/Knode House) ue” for its location on a high bluff over- of dependencies and outbuildings on the looking the Potomac River, the mansion former farming complex. Architectural of the windows. The two-and-one-half are situated on 12.25 acres near Shep- is graced by a full-span tetrastyle Ionic evidence dates the stone house’s con- story, side-gable stone building has, like herdstown in the lower Shenandoah Val- portico that harbors an arched door- struction to 1742. The one-and-one-half many of its late 18th-century contempo- ley. The property was originally part of way. Joseph Van Swearingen, the home’s story house was built using rubble lime- raries, a classically inspired façade and Thomas Lord Fairfax’s “Northern Neck” original owner, served as a Colonel in stone for Dr. John McCormick of Or- exhibits architectural hallmarks of the tract, later granted to Samuel Darke, Washington’s Army during the Amer- ange County, Virginia and was enlarged Federal period. Expanded in 1897, the then owned by the Hendricks family, ican Revolution. The mansion stands in succeeding years to accommodate his addition has a Victorian-style, two-sto- and eventually the Snyder family, all on the remnants of the 4,000-acre land growing family including eight children. ry porch tucked into the angle between considered relatively prominent families grant he received for his military service. The house operated as a tavern in the th the old and new sections of the house. of Jefferson County. (1/17/2008) Although Bellevue remained in the Van late 18 century by a man named White- Three dependencies, two of log con- Swearingen family for several genera- house, taking advantage of its proximity to the thoroughfare from Frederick, struction and one of brick, are located Rose Hill Farm (James- tions, the house eventually passed into the Shepherd family when Henry Shep- Maryland to Winchester, Virginia and to the rear of the property. Rockland’s Marshall-Snyder House) herd III (descendent of Shepherdstown by the headspring of Bullskin Run, a original owner was the son of Huguenot Standing on a knoll overlooking pasture founder, Thomas Shepherd) purchased popular stopping place for travelers and refugees. He gained local fame through land, Rose Hill Farm is a classic exam- the property in 1900 as a wedding drovers. (8/29/1979) his financial support of the Continental ple of rural architecture. Built in 1835 gift for his bride, Minnie Reinhart. Army’s Bee-Line March to Cambridge, from locally made brick and situated on (8/18/1983) Massachusetts during the Revolutionary a limestone foundation, the two-story, War. (2/5/1990) double-pile farmhouse exhibits Greek Revival stylistic elements in its balanced, Summit Point Rock Spring and almost identical, front and rear ele- Rock Spring includes a brick Feder- vations. A brick kitchen wing was added Christian Allemong House al-style house constructed c. 1800 on a to the south side of the house several raised limestone foundation. A c. 1850 (Amos Janney House) years later. A small entry portico shelters Constructed in 1830 in a traditional addition yielded the home’s current the front door and its transom and side- I-house form, the Christian Allemong two-story, three-bay appearance with lights. Four octagonal Doric columns, a House’s random ashlar stonework ex- both Federal Greek Revival design char- unique treatment for the eastern pan- emplifies Jefferson County’s long history acteristics. The house and its associated handle, support the gable-front portico. of masonry construction. Large quoins Christian Allemong House (Amos Janney domestic and agricultural outbuildings Following a local pattern, there is a late and distinct window detailing of carved House) 128 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 129

Herstory Women have played a significant role in West Virginia’s story. National Register nominations which focus on women are often listed for association with a specific woman and her contribution to her community according to Criterion B. These historic resources are also listed for contributions to specific patterns or events in our history. Several nominations in West Virginia relate to individuals. Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church Wheeling in Grafton is likely the most famous as the location of the first Mother’s Day service on May 8, 1907. The Anna Jarvis family home is also listed. The Elizabeth Harden Gilmore House in Charleston is recognized for Ms. Gilmore’s efforts in the Civil Rights movement. Similarly, the Morgantown Memphis Tennessee Garrison House in Huntington is associated with Ms. Garrison, a teacher 9 and civil rights advocate first in Gary, McDowell County, then in Huntington as well as across 11 the country as a national board member of the NAACP. Martinsburg 1 3 8 Collectively, women have also contributed through 10 civic organizations such as woman’s clubs or the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA.) The women’s 7 clubs of Fairmont, Charleston, Parkersburg and St. Albans are listed in the National Register. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) focused on providing education to and improving the health condition of women at its Community Building in Morgantown. 5 12 Charleston The WCTU provided English classes for immigrants and Huntington 6 encouraged the prohibition of alcohol during the 1920s. 4

The Beeches, Kanawha County The Women’s Chapter of the American Association of 2 University Women advocated for the construction of a physical education building at West Virginia University so that women could meet the two-year 1. Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church, Taylor County physical education requirement. The building was named after Elizabeth Moore, principal of Beckley 2. Edgefield, Greenbrier County the Woodburn Female Seminary from 1865-1866 and vocal advocate of women’s education. 3. Fort Hill Farm, Mineral County Ms. Moore pursued these interests as a founder and president of the WCTU. 4. Little Brick Church, Kanawha County West Virginia Wesleyan’s campus in Buckhannon also saw the construction of a dormitory for 5. Memphis Tennessee Garrison House, Cabell County women. Agnes Howard Hall was built in memory of a young female student who died during Bluefield 6. Elizabeth Harden Gilmore House, Kanawha County her attendance at the college. Constructed in 1895 with an addition in 1929, “Aggie” housed 77 7. Agnes Howard Hall, Upshur County bedrooms in its early history. 8. Anna Jarvis House, Taylor County Women have been successful in agriculture. The Sloan Sisters administered Fort Hill Farm in 9. Elizabeth Moore Hall, Monongalia County Mineral County in the beginning of the 20th century. After the death of their father James Sloan, Jr, Jane Pierce, Magdalene Arnold and Helen Mary oversaw the farm with their grandfather and 10. Parkersburg Woman’s Club, Wood County continued to do so after his death employing cousins to assist in running the farm. Known for 11. Rosebrake, Jefferson County its Aberdeen Angus cattle since 1882, the current herd descends from stock purchased in 1927. 12. The Beeches (Woman’s Club of St. Albans), Kanawha George W. Whiting purchased approximately 97 acres in 1897 outside Falling Spring in County Greenbrier County. While he expanded, and improved the farm, his daughter, Floy Whiting 13. Thomas W. Fleming House (Fairmont Woman’s Club), Whorrell, developed the property into a successful dairy farm as a widow during the mid-20th Marion County century. Floy managed Edgefield, the family farm, introducing farm improvements including 14. Women’s Christian Temperance Union Community surge milkers and elevated milking stations. Building, Monongalia County 130 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 131

Kanawha County Little Brick Church (Virginia’s named for his son, Bouge. The brick Chapel) Colonial and Georgian Revival house This small church was built in 1853 as a was designed by the New York firm of Belle graduation present to Virginia Tompkins Ford-Butler-Oliver in 1916. The prop- from her parents, William and Rachel, erty also includes a stable-barn and a Samuel Shrewsbury, Sr. House Kanawha Valley pioneers who made gatehouse/guest house. South Hills MRA (10/26/1984) (Old Stone House) their fortune in the early commercial The Shrewsbury House was built c. 1810 use of natural gas. During the Civil by Samuel Shrewsbury who was active in War, the chapel was used alternately by Breezemont (General C. C. the prosperous Kanawha Valley salt in- Union and Confederate forces, serving Watts House) once as a hospital and later as a stable. Breezemont was constructed c.1905 dustry associated with his father-in-law, Chesapeake & Ohio Depot Col. John Dickinson. The house is built (12/16/1974) for Cornelius C. Watts, former West of 18-inch thick coursed rubble walls, Virginia attorney general, senator, and centuries. Charleston City Hall, com- buttressed by roughly-dressed sandstone Charleston gubernatorial candidate, as well as Unit- pleted in 1922, housed urban services quoins at each corner. (11/2/1978) ed States Attorney. Constructed in the and agencies, such as those required Neoclassical Revival style, the house is for health care, under a single roof. The Barnes-Wellford House dominated by a massive, two-story por- Renaissance Revival style building was Cedar Grove An example of the English Cottage style, tico with Ionic columns. (4/15/1982) designed by H. Rus Warne, one of West this house’s steeply pitched roof is punc- Virginia’s most accomplished and influ- tuated with gable dormers. It was de- ential architects. (6/6/1988) signed for businessman Bernard Barnes Briarwood (R.H. Merrill House) Briarwood was the home of Dr. Rhuell and his wife, Dorothy, in the 1920s. Hampton Merrill, minister of Kanawha Barnes was an executive in the Penn- Charleston Municipal Presbyterian Church from 1898 to 1907. sylvania Life Insurance Company. The Auditorium The 1922 English Tudor style house, house was designed by Fred Crowthers, The Charleston Municipal Building was marked by varying roof lines and asym- an English born architect who worked in constructed in 1939 with funding from metrical massing, is an example of the Charleston for several years. South Hills the Public Works Administration to work of architect Fred Crowthers. South MRA (10/26/1984) attract quality performers and enhance Hills MRA (10/26/1984) the cultural life of the expanding capital Bird Haven city. It was designed in the Art Deco Bird Haven was the long-time residence Charleston Baptist Temple style by architect Alphonso F. Wysong Cedar Grove (William Tompkins House) Charleston Baptist Temple, constructed of Israel N. Johnston. Known as “Bird who collaborated with Charleston’s in 1924, was designed by renowned ar- Man,” Johnston gained widespread fame city engineer C.P. Fortney. Its façade is chitect Ernest Flagg in the Colonial Re- Cedar Grove (William Tompkins as the state ornithologist. The house was curved and incorporates many classic th vival style. The building also has classical constructed in the late 19 century fea- angular and rounded geometric design House) elements including a Palladian five-part elements of the style while the lobby Cedar Grove was built in 1844 for Wil- turing elements of Victorian design. Its plan with a center tower dominating the interior boasts curved steel stair railings, liam Tompkins. With his brother-in-law, bungalow-type porch added in the early th façade. (4/4/2000) Art Deco wall sconces, and a terrazzo Aaron Stockton, Tompkins developed 20 century reflects the evolutionary floor. (11/22/1999) several improvements in salt drilling character of the house. South Hills MRA techniques and is believed to be the (10/26/1984) Charleston City Hall Though its existing municipal building first to harness natural gas for industri- Chesapeake & Ohio Depot was less than 40 years old, Charleston al use. The Georgian-style house was Bougemont The C&O Depot was constructed in was forced to replace it with a larger constructed with brick burned on the The Bougemont complex was construct- 1906 during a period of rapid growth building following rapid population property. (3/10/1975) ed for Harrison B. Smith, a prominent in Charleston. It was designed by C&O growth in the late 19th and early 20th local attorney and businessman, and staff and displays elements of architec- 132 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 133

tural styles popular at the time, includ- a Doric portico was added in the 1920s. Robert McCabe, Charleston attorney ing Renaissance Revival and Beaux Arts. Calderwood was also known for the old and president of McCabe Shipping Once opened, it served eight to ten West Virginia Capitol and the Ruffner Company. The American Foursquare passenger trains a day and nearly 800 Hotel. South Hills Multiple Resource house was designed by West Virginia ar- freight cars a month. South Hills MRA Area (11/26/1984) chitect H. Rus Warne. South Hills MRA (10/26/1984) (10/26/1984) Cox-Parks House W. E. Chilton II House The Cox-Parks House was built c.1925 Daniel Boone Hotel This Georgian Revival house was con- for Emma Cox, wife of local coal execu- The Daniel Boone Hotel was designed by East End Historic District structed of locally quarried stone in tive, Frank Cox. The single-story bun- architect W. L. Stoddard in the Classical 1933 and features prominent charac- galow features elements of the Spanish Revival style and completed in 1929. architectural styles including Italianate, teristics of the style including a broken Colonial Revival style including a tile During its heyday, the prestigious an- Classical Revival, Renaissance Revival, pediment over the formal entrance and a roof and eyebrow dormer. South Hills chor in downtown Charleston served as Art Deco, and International. (3/24/2006) Palladian window. The house was de- MRA (10/26/1984) a base for many of West Virginia state signed by William Lawrence Bottomley, legislators during 60-day legislative East End Historic District noted architect whose works are found Craik-Patton House (Elm Grove) sessions. Notable personalities who once The selection of Charleston as the per- in several Mid-Atlantic states. South The Craik-Patton House was construct- stayed at the Daniel Boone Hotel include manent state capital in 1877, industrial Hills MRA (10/26/1984) ed in 1834 by James Craik, a practicing President and Mrs. John F. Kennedy, Bob development, and advances in transpor- attorney who later became rector at St. Hope, and Elvis Presley. (8/12/1984) tation all contributed to the city’s growth Cox-Morton House (Home Hill) John’s Episcopal Church. In 1858, law- in the last decades of the 19th century. Frank Cox, first owner of this house, was yer George Smith Patton purchased the Danner-Fletcher House Continued growth of industry in the the secretary of Republic Coal Compa- house. Patton served as captain, and The Danner-Fletcher House was con- valley, and the eventual construction of ny, the West Virginia Colliery Company later colonel, for the Confederacy during structed c.1896 for George Danner, the state capitol building in Charleston’s and the Carbon Coal Company. He was the Civil War. The Greek Revival house a German immigrant who settled in East End, contributed to new housing known as the “Great Wildcatter.” An features a large portico supported by Charleston after his service in the West and development of this section of town. American Foursquare, the house was Doric columns. In 1973, the National Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the The houses in this district exhibit a wide designed by Charleston architect, An- Society of Colonial Dames of America Civil War. The Late Victorian style house range of architectural styles including drew Calderwood in 1902. A terrace purchased and moved the house to its was purchased by the Fletcher family in Queen Anne, Tudor Revival, Craftsman, wraps around two sides of the house and present location to save it from demoli- 1933. South Hills MRA (10/26/1984) and American Foursquare. The district tion. (4/16/1975) also includes kit houses as well as those Downtown Charleston Historic reflective of the small house movement Crawford-Gardner House District where inexpensive techniques were The 1904 American Foursquare house Downtown Charleston reflects the com- perfected and period-style architecture was designed by Charleston architect mercial growth of the city from a small was mass-produced in smaller scale Andrew Calderwood for Ellis Thayer village in the early to mid-19th century to houses. (4/20/1978; boundary increase Crawford and his wife Katherine. Craw- the capital of West Virginia. The town’s 12/16/2014) ford was the senior member of Crawford commercial growth was driven first by and Ashby, a real estate firm dealing in the nearby salt industry and later by Edgewood Historic District th coal and timber lands. South Hills MRA three major railroads which helped fuel Dating to the early 20 century, Edge- (10/26/1984) Charleston’s early twentieth century wood was the first planned neighbor- building boom. The coal and chemical hood in Charleston and the first subdivi- Dalgain industries helped solidify Charleston as sion with streetcar service. Large houses Dalgain was built in 1916 as a wedding an important commercial center. Down- on spacious lots display a wide range of th Downtown Charleston Historic District gift for Margaret Fleming Ward and town Charleston showcases several popular early 20 century architectural 134 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 135

styles including Craftsman, Neoclassi- Madison Laidley, newspaper editor, Carbon Coal Company, and was known cal, and Colonial Revival. Many of the Garnet High School legislator, and salt manufacturer. Fol- as the “Great Wildcatter.” The house is prominent citizens who lived in this Garnet High School, constructed in lowing a downturn in the salt industry, an example of the American Foursquare, West Side neighborhood commissioned 1929, was one of three black high the house was sold to Judge George W. one of the first in the South Hills area. architects such as H. Rus Warne and schools in the Kanawha Valley. It was Summers, namesake of Summers Coun- It was designed by Charleston architect, Wilbur T. Mills to design their homes. named after Henry Highland Garnet, a ty. He owned the house until his death Andrew Calderwood in 1902. South (11/9/1989) noted black clergyman, abolitionist, and in 1868 when it passed to his heir, Lewis Hills MRA (10/26/1984) diplomat. Among some of its famous Summers II. (12/13/1978) graduates are Tony Brown, Dr. John C. Kanawha County Courthouse Norman, and Reverend Leon Sullivan. Grosscup Road Historic District Kanawha County’s Romanesque Reviv- The school closed in 1956 following in- This area became attractive to resi- al style courthouse was constructed in tegration; it currently serves as a career dential developers after the opening of three phases. The original section, con- center. (7/24/1990) Charleston’s South Side Bridge in 1891. structed in 1892, features a three-story Though new construction was slow at tower. The segment facing Kanawha William S. Gilliland Log Cabin first, development accelerated in the Boulevard was built in 1917 and de- th and Cemetery first decades of the 20 century when signed by West Virginia architect H. Rus The cabin, among the oldest log build- area industries were growing rapidly. Warne. The largest section, boasting Leading industrialists, businessmen, and twin towers connected by a loggia, was Elk City Historic District ings in the Charleston area, was con- structed by William S. Gilliland c. 1847. political leaders built fashionable houses constructed in 1924. Each section was The nearby cemetery includes four representing several architectural styles. constructed of limestone with contrast- Elk City Historic District H. Rus Warne, an early resident of the ing stone detailing around doors and Elk City, incorporated in 1891, was first members of the Gilliland family. The log cabins were removed in 2016. South area, designed ten houses in the district. windows. (9/6/1978) advertised in the early 1870s as Charles- (1/16/1984) ton’s West End Extension. With the con- Hills MRA (10/26/1984) struction of bridges over the Elk River, industries prospered. This spurred de- Elizabeth Harden Gilmore House Holly Grove Mansion Holly Grove was constructed c.1815 as velopment which included a commercial From 1947 until 1986, this building part of Daniel Ruffner’s large plantation. area centered around West Washington served as the home and business of Eliz- Ruffner, a prosperous salt merchant, Street. Elk City became an important abeth Harden Gilmore, a well-known ac- also took advantage of the nearby James center for commerce and trade in the tivist and pioneer in West Virginia’s civil River and Kanawha Turnpike by opening Charleston Area. (12/1/2007) rights movement. Gilmore, a funeral director, was active in various Charles- his home to travelers and drovers. He ton area organizations including the was later appointed justice of the peace Fort Scammon and high sheriff of the county. Holly Constructed in 1863, Fort Scammon local chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality which organized the first local Grove retained its original appearance consists of a series of earthworks and until 1902, when its new owners re- Holly Grove Mansion entrenchments built by the Union to sit-in. The Classical Revival house was constructed c.1900. (9/17/1988) modeled the building, most noticeably defend Charleston from Confederate constructing a two-story, semi-circular Mattie V. Lee Home invasion. The fortifications were con- From 1920 to 1958, the Mattie V. Lee rd front porch supported by Ionic columns. structed by the 23 Ohio Volunteers Glenwood (Laidley- (8/28/1974) Home served as West Virginia’s first and under the command of Colonel Ruther- Summers-Quarrier House) only corporation dedicated to improv- ford B. Hayes. Another future president, Situated on a bluff overlooking the ing employment, educational, cultural, William E. McKinley, served at the fort Kanawha River, two-story Glenwood Home Hill (Cox-Morton House) Frank Cox, first owner of this house, was and housing opportunities for young at the end of the war. The site was occu- features a Greek temple style porch the secretary of Republic Coal Compa- African American women. During the pied by Union troops until 1866 when it supported by Corinthian columns. The ny, the WV Colliery Company, and the late 1950s, the organization expanded its was abandoned. (3/26/1976) house was constructed in 1852 for James mission to include young white women. 136 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 137

It was named in honor of Dr. Mattie V. following a fire that destroyed a popular timbering and bricked gables. South Lee, the state’s first African American amusement park in 1924. The district Hills MRA (10/26/1984) female physician who labored among the reflects the small house movement people of Charleston for social better- between the world wars when inexpen- McAndrews-Gallaher House ment. (6/16/1992) sive techniques, such as balloon frame This house was likely the suburban construction, were used and period-style residence of Frank J. McAndrews, a Littlepage Stone Mansion architecture was mass-produced, re- Charleston businessman. Constructed The Federal style Littlepage Stone Man- peating styles in smaller-scale houses c. 1914, it is an I-house with modest sion, one of the few remaining ante- throughout neighborhoods. (4/3/2012) architectural detailing including cornice bellum buildings in Charleston, was returns, paneled corner boards, and a constructed of locally quarried stone in MacFarland House small pedimented portico. South Hills 1845. It was acquired by Adam Brown The house was built by merchant Henry MRA (10/26/1984) Dickinson Littlepage in 1848 and re- MacFarland in 1836 and features a large, mained in the Littlepage family until Greek Revival portico. During the Civil Plaza Theatre (Capitol Theater) 1932. It was purchased by the Housing War, the house was occupied by Federal The Classical Revival theater was built Authority of Charleston in 1939 for troops and used as a military hospital. In in 1912 as an early opera and vaudeville use as the headquarters for “Littlepage addition to the MacFarlands, the house house. In 1924, the name was changed Terrace,” one of West Virginia’s first is also associated with the Rubys, Crow- to the Capitol Theater and in the late low-income public housing projects. leys, and Hubbards, all families who 1920s it became a movie theater. Art (9/2/1982) have distinguished themselves in the Deco style alterations were made in the St. John’s Episcopal Church growth and development of Charleston. 1950s. (10/30/1985) Lowenstein and Sons Hardware (12/10/1979) played an important role in local politics Building Saint John’s Episcopal Church and was a recognized leader. (2/1/1988) Designed by the Ohio architectural Maple Terrace Court and Walton The original section of the Victorian firm of Yost and Packard in 1900, this Apartments Gothic style church was designed by Simpson Memorial United five-story building exhibits elements of Maple Terrace Court (1914) and Wal- prominent Philadelphia architect Isaac Methodist Church the Late Victorian and Classical Revival ton Apartments (1924) serve as visual Pursell in 1883. The Parish House was At the time of its construction in 1914 styles. Solomon Lowenstein and Sons reminders of the early twentieth century designed in 1927 by the Charleston firm and designed by Charleston architect operated a hardware, harness, and sad- need for additional residential opportu- of Warne, Tucker, Silling and Hutchin- David Dick, the church was in a vital dlery business in this location for many nities in Charleston’s East End. Maple son. The exterior features a massive cor- residential African-American neigh- years. (11/1/1985) Terrace is a multi-unit row-house design ner tower with monumental stone spire borhood just north of Charleston’s embellished with Colonial Revival sty- and spirelets while the interior features a business district and served as the only Luna Park Historic District listic elements. The Walton Apartments wooden rib-vaulted ceiling. (11/2/1989) black Methodist Episcopal church in The Luna Park neighborhood was demonstrate a relatively plain design the city. The congregation can trace its platted for residential development with few exterior details such as a stone Samuel Starks House development to 1866 when the Wash- belt course at the parapet and brick cor- Samuel W. Starks was a charter member ington Conference sent the congrega- beling. (8/22/2002) of Charleston’s Knights of Pythias, serv- tion its first minister, Rev. C. O. Fisher. ing as West Virginia’s grand chancellor (8/5/1991) The Maples (Thomas- for 16 years. He rose to national promi- McJunkin-Love House) nence as supreme chancellor, the highest Smith-Giltinan House This Tudor Revival style house was con- national office. In 1901, Starks became This house was constructed in 1888 for structed c.1921 for local businessman, the first African American in the United Harrison B. Smith, prominent Charles- James R. Thomas, president of Carbon States to be appointed as state librari- ton attorney and businessman. It is a Luna Park Historic District Fuel Company. The house features half an. At the time of his death in 1908 he significant example of eclectic high style 138 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 139

architecture in this area of Charleston nated by window hoods and decorative Sunrise (MacCorkle Mansion) Colonel Henry Hewitt Wood displaying elements of popular styles at brackets. (11/29/2001) Sunrise was constructed in 1905 for House the time including Richardsonian Ro- William A. MacCorkle, ninth governor This Federal-style farmhouse, construct- manesque, Queen Anne, and Craftsman. Stoneleigh (Ward-Payne House) of West Virginia. The large, Neoclassical ed for Colonel Henry Wood in 1831, oc- (3/20/2002) Stoneleigh was the home of Charles E. Revival style house was constructed on cupies what was once a spacious farm on Ward, a leading industrialist whose engi- a high bluff overlooking the Kanawha the banks of the Kanawha River. Wood, neering firm became a leading manufac- River and downtown Charleston and in- a prosperous salt merchant, likely chose turer and innovator in river and coastal corporates stones MacCorkle collected this location as it was opposite Kanawha ships in the early 20th century. The from famous buildings and sites around Salines (now Malden), an early 19th architect-designed house was construct- the world. (7/24/1974) century salt manufacturing boomtown. ed in 1917 incorporating elements of the (11/28/1980) English Manor style. South Hills MRA United Carbon Building (10/26/1984) Construction on this building was completed in 1941 under the direction Summers House of United Carbon Company president, Spring Hill Cemetery Historic District In the late 1930s, Okey and Elizabeth Oscar Nelson, a prominent industrial Summers purchased a parcel in the producer and exporter. The 12-sto- South Hills area of Charleston and hired ry building was designed by the local Spring Hill Cemetery Historic architect, Charles A. Haviland, to design architectural firm, Martens and Son, District this house. Haviland, an accomplished for use as the company’s international Spring Hill Cemetery was established local architect, did so blending elements headquarters. The building is a notewor- in 1869 by the City of Charleston and of the then-popular Tudor Revival style thy example of the International style; a was designed by A.J. Vosburgh, a civ- with architect-designed craftsmanship, mode characterized by its ribbon win- il engineer. The planned landscape is dows and rounded corners. (7/15/1994) th owner preferences, and site-specific expressive of the 19 century concept requirements. (11/24/2015) of a cemetery as a tranquil place and West Virginia State Capitol includes a large collection of symbolic funerary art and cemetery architecture Complex and a Moorish-style mausoleum. Many The current West Virginia Capitol build- West Virginia State Capitol Complex early Kanawha Valley family names are ing was designed by nationally known found here such as Starks, Frankenburg- architect Cass Gilbert and was complet- Woodrums’ Building er, Dickinson, Summers and Donnally. ed in stages between 1924 and 1932. The The Woodrums’ Building was construct- Portions of the cemetery are set aside building, constructed in the Neo-Classi- ed in 1916 to house the rapidly growing for Roman Catholic and Jewish burials. cal Revival style with Renaissance detail- business of brothers C. Everett Wood- (8/18/1985) ing, incorporates three attached units rum and John Woodrum, Jr. The Wood- forming a U-shaped building of Indiana rum Home Outfitting Company served limestone and marble. The 292-foot high Sterrett Brothers’ Dry Goods as Charleston’s premier furniture store dome is embossed with gold leaf. Next for much of the 20th century. The build- Store to the capitol is the Executive Mansion, This building was constructed in the ing is a classic example of the commer- built in 1924-25 under the supervision cial style of architecture. (3/18/1996) 1890s by the Sterrett Brothers who of Charleston architect Walter F. Mar- owned a thriving dry goods store. At one tens. The red brick Georgian Colonial time, it was acknowledged as “the largest building was first occupied by Governor Young-Noyes House The Colonial Revival house was de- and finest store in the city and is one of Ephraim F. Morgan. (12/31/1974) the very best in the state.” Built in the signed in 1922 by Ludwig Theodore United Carbon Building Italianate style, this building is domi- Bengston, a well-respected Charleston 140 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 141

once-thriving state-wide wine industry. Institute (12/18/1970) Canty House (The Magnolia) East Bank Constructed c. 1900, it was the home of “Colonel” James Munroe Canty, one of John Harriman House the early instructors at the West Virginia John Harriman, son of pioneer Shadrack Colored Institute, which became West Harriman, built this brick Greek Reviv- Virginia State College and now known al house in 1826. Harriman served as as West Virginia State University. Col- a justice of the peace in 1830, marking onel Canty also served as the Institute’s his influence in local political life. The acting principal during the summer of house remained in the Harriman family 1898. Neoclassical Revival elements until 1876, when it was sold to Abram C. were added by Canty to the two-story Clendenin Historic District Shaver, who was connected to the local frame house including a front porti- coal industry. (12/15/1978) co supported by Corinthian columns. architect, for Mr. and Mrs. Roger Atkin- Coalburg Purchased by the college in the 1960s, son Young. Bengston gained prominence East Bank Vicinity it was moved but is close to its original among professional architects of south- location. (9/23/1988) ern West Virginia for his designs during The William H. and William S. Edwards House (Bellefleur) the 1920s through 1940s. The house is Good Shepherd Church dominated by a two-story, tetrastyle This house was constructed in 1871 East Hall Good Shepherd Church is closely as- East Hall was constructed for use as a portico with Doric columns. The house for William Henry Edwards, “Father of sociated with the prominent Catholic dormitory in 1893 on the campus of the is currently the President’s House for the Lepidopterey” (butterfly studies). Ed- circuit rider, Father Joseph Stenger who West Virginia Colored Institute (West University of Charleston. (4/25/1991) wards was an internationally renowned scientist and a nationally known literary came to the area in 1862. Stenger estab- Virginia State University). After a few figure for the publication of his book, lished Sunday schools and performed years as a dormitory and a short time as Clendenin Voyage Up The River Amazon. The house baptisms and marriages throughout the a multi-purpose building, East Hall was passed to his son, William Seymour Ed- region. Twenty years after his arrival, he repurposed as the president’s house in Clendenin Historic District wards, a well-known author and prom- oversaw the construction of this church 1898. It was also used for official enter- building. Good Shepherd Church served Originally a small community estab- inent individual in the local and state taining, for student and faculty recep- a large population of Irish and Italian lished around timber and coal mining coal industry, as well as state politics and tions, and for housing numerous guests. immigrants who worked in local indus- industries, Clendenin developed into government. (5/11/1990) (9/26/1988) tries. (4/26/1990) a boomtown with the arrival of the railroad and the drilling of the area’s London first gas well in the late 19th century. By Dunbar Hansford 1920, Union Carbide had established a plant in Clendenin that became the Booker T. Washington High Dutch Hollow Wine Cellars Felix G. Hansford House birthplace of the nation’s petrochemical This Federal-style house, once part of a School The Dutch Hollow Wine Cellars were The 1925 opening of Booker T. Wash- industry. Prosperity created by these large farm, was constructed in 1824 for constructed c. 1855 by vintner Joseph ington High School provided education- emerging local industries culminated in Felix G. Hansford along the James and Friend to store wine for its ageing pro- al opportunities beyond the eighth grade a rapid growth along the town’s central Kanawha River Turnpike. Beginning cess. Set into a sloping embankment, for local African American youth. Its streets. Brick commercial buildings were with its incorporation in 1843, Hansford each stone vault is 14 feet tall at the cen- construction was made possible through constructed to house hardware stores, served as president of the Giles, Fayette, ter and has walls almost two feet thick. the donation of time and money from shops, groceries, and professional offic- and Kanawha Turnpike Company. De- The cellars represent a fragment of a families residing in coal camps through- es. (5/2/1996) molished (1/12/1984) 142 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 143

out the district. A major addition and quarters of the 37th Ohio Volunteer In- The Beeches (Huntington- renovation project was undertaken in fantry. In the late 1880s the Charles Pratt Skinner House) 1939 to address the continually increas- Coal Company, which had operations Construction of The Beeches, a two-sto- ing enrollment. (12/3/1999) on nearby Paint Creek, opened offices ry Italianate house, was financed by in town. The town was incorporated in railroad magnate Collis P. Huntington Loudendale Vicinity 1905 and was renamed after the coal in 1874 for his nephew, Henry Edwards company. The architecture of the Pratt Huntington, who would manage his Historic District is representative of sev- Kanawha State Forest Historic sawmill. Later, when the house was eral residential architectural styles from purchased by John Van Rensalear Skin- th th District the 19 and early 20 centuries such as ner, Coal River Railroad owner, local In 1938, the Civilian Conservation South Charleston Mound (Criel Mound) Federal, Greek Revival, Neoclassical, and investor, and civic leader, the house was Corps established a camp at Kanawha Victorian. The town gained national rec- modified with Classical details and the State Forest to begin development of the ufacture the salt used for routine con- ognition with the outbreak of the “Mine addition of a porte cochere. (4/20/1979) area. After clearing abandoned buildings sumption, and most important, as a Wars” of 1912-13 and the imprisonment and structures, they constructed roads, preservative in the meat packing indus- of Mother Jones. (1/12/1984) buildings, picnic shelters, and the Da- try. By the 1870s, floods and outside Chilton House The c.1857 Chilton House was con- vis Creek Dam. The rustic architectural competition combined to cause a grad- South Charleston style of the buildings was popular during ual decline in the Malden salt industry. structed in the Gothic Revival style and the New Deal era when many trails and Reminders of the community’s industrial features numerous steep gables with a park buildings were developed to blend and social importance are found in Mal- South Charleston Mound (Criel deep bracketed cornice. In 1883, Mary natural building materials in harmony den’s built environment which includes Mound) Elizabeth Wilson Chilton purchased with the environment. This reflected antebellum buildings as well as those The South Charleston Mound is one of the house with her husband, William President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “one dating to the late 19th and early 20th cen- the few surviving Adena burial mound E. Chilton. One of their seven children, with nature” philosophy. (3/25/1993) turies. (7/18/1980) structures in the Ohio Valley region. It William E. Chilton, Jr., served as Sec- was constructed more than 2,000 years retary of State for West Virginia and as Malden Marmet ago, and excavated in 1883-84 by the U.S. Senator between 1911 and 1917. Smithsonian Institution’s Bureau of (4/29/1977) Ethnology. The mound produced human African Zion Baptist Church Ebenezer Chapel skeletal remains, copper bracelets, and Tracing its history to a hollow near This small brick chapel was built in preserved animal skins. (10/15/1970) Charleston, the African Zion Baptist the early 19th century by slaves of early Church is heralded as “the mother settler, Leonard Morris. During the Civil church” of African American Baptist War the building was used by Union St. Albans churches in West Virginia. The church troops as a headquarters and infirma- includes Booker T. Washington among ry. Damages caused by this occupation Bank of St. Albans Building its distinguished list of past members. were repaired with federal funds in 1875. The Bank of St. Albans, one of the city’s The congregation moved to this location (12/16/1974) major financial institutions in the ear- in 1872. (12/27/1974) ly 20th century, occupied the first floor Pratt of this three-story Classical Revival Malden Historic District building. It was constructed in 1906 by Malden rose to industrial prominence Charles P. Guice, a local school teacher. because of the proximity of saline brines, Pratt Historic District The upper floors were rented to local Pratt’s long history dates to the late 18th natural gas, coal, and river transporta- attorneys for use as office space and to century when it was originally settled. tion. Pioneer industrialists combined local fraternal organizations for meet- During the Civil War, the town of Clif- Bank of St. Albans Building these complimentary features to man- ings. (2/1/1988) ton, as Pratt was then called, was head- 144 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 145

Coal River Locks, Dams and Log house was built from plans produced James Weimer House Boom Archaeological Historic by the architectural firm of Yost and James Weimer operated a local lumber District Packard of Columbus, Ohio, and fea- company. Most likely the interior oak tures a corner turret with a conical roof (Kanawha, Boone and Lincoln Counties) and walnut trim was provided through and many additional Victorian details. The old locks, dams, and log booms his own Weimer Lumber Company. (2/10/1983) on the Coal River are an underwater Built in 1917, the house reflects a merg- resource depicting the navigation and ing of the Classical Revival and Dutch St. Albans Chesapeake and Ohio Colonial Revival styles of architecture transportation system used on the Coal th River in the 19th and early 20th centu- Railroad Depot popular in the early 20 century. Signifi- ries. The existing remains of timber cribs The St. Albans Chesapeake and Ohio cant elements of the building include its St. Mark’s Episcopal Church and portions of the locks and dams are Depot, a station built to accommodate gambrel roof with original red clay tiles, visible during low water periods. The both passengers and freight, was con- fied as a Class D building with receipts a wrap-around porch with terrazzo tile, navigation system was important to structed in 1906 to replace an earlier under $15,000. Completed in 1937, and beveled glass windows. (4/14/2004) the development of the coal and tim- depot. The station was constructed as the brick building was designed in the ber industry in this region of the state. the Chesapeake & Ohio expanded in the Colonial Revival style by architect Louis St. Albans Vicinity Engineer William Rosecrans designed Kanawha Valley and opened a new line A. Simon and engineer Neil A. Melick. and installed the lock and dam system, along the Coal River. (7/9/1997) (11/4/1994) St. Albans Site which is recognized as one of the earli- The St. Albans Site has provided a est complete lock and dam systems on a St. Albans Main Street Historic St. Marks’s Episcopal Church wealth of information about projectile West Virginia waterway. (11/24/1997) District St. Mark’s Episcopal Church was con- point typology which is used to assign Located at the convergence of two structed in 1847 to replace an earlier occupation dates to sites across the William E. Mohler House rivers, a turnpike, and a railroad, the St. church building destroyed by fire. The eastern United States. Situated on the Also known as Hill Grove, the Mohler Albans Main Street Historic District Gothic Revival church features a bell remains of a levee along the Kanawha House was constructed c.1900 by Wil- prospered because of its strong trans- tower centered on the front gable and River, the site was discovered in 1963 liam E. Mohler, a prominent merchant portation connections. Following almost lancet windows. The church grounds when large portions of the riverbank col- and civic leader. The Queen Anne style complete destruction by fire in 1906, suffered many indignities during the lapsed exposing layers of earth contain- the community rebuilt its commercial Civil War, including the burning of the ing charcoal, projectile points, and chert core using more fire-resistant brick and parsonage and damage to the interior of flakes. Excavations over several years concrete construction materials. The the church. Federal reparation payments produced seven different types of pro- new buildings were primarily commer- received in 1915 allowed the congre- jectile points. Analysis of charcoal from cial adaptations of early 20th century gation to improve the church with new the lower strata determined that the St. revival styles, including elements of Co- stained glass windows and woodwork. Albans site was first occupied approxi- lonial Revival, Romanesque Revival, and (11/7/1977) mately 8,000 years ago. (5/3/1974) Neo-Classical Revival. (11/2/2000) St. Paul Baptist Church St. Albans Post Office St. Paul Baptist Church, constructed in The growing population of St. Albans in 1921, was designed by Albert G. Brown, the early 20th century necessitated the manual arts professor at the nearby construction of a new post office. The West Virginia Colored Institute. The amount of federal funding provided for Gothic Revival style building features construction was based upon the annual a corner bell tower with crenellation St. Paul receipts of the local post office accord- and lancet windows with stained glass. Baptist ing to the Public Building Commission (4/13/1998) Church William E. Mohler House classification system. St. Albans quali- 146 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 147

Industrial Heritage By the turn of the 20th century, while timber and coal remained vital components to the state’s economy, other businesses began to emerge. 10 The Chrystal Water and Power Company, also known as the Spencer Water and Ice Company, in Roane County, is locally Wheeling significant for its contributions to the town of Spencer, as the 7 first utility plant to bring water and power to the area. Founded in 1903, the company’s goal of bringing these utilities to the area led to an increase in real estate value and several new 12 5 neighborhoods developed as a result. Spencer’s expansion Morgantown Martinsburg and success were directly tied to the Chrystal Water and Power 4 Company, which remained the region’s only utility plant until 6 1935, when it merged with Monongahela West Penn Public Service Company. Another example of a property listed in the National Register for its contributions to the state’s industry may be a surprising one: 2 Organ Cave in Greenbrier County. The cave remains one of the country’s best-preserved industrial sites from the early-to-mid 19th century. The Hopper Room in the cave represents a 19th Huntington Henry Clay Furnace, Monongalia County Charleston 1 century saltpeter facility. The room, constructed by Confederate 3 soldiers during the Civil War, was the perfect arid, stable climate 11 to produce the saltpeter needed for gunpowder manufacturing. Wooden vats, called hoppers, were constructed to hold 1. Cass Historic District, Pocahontas County saltpeter rich cave soil during the saltpeter refinement process. 2. Chrystal Water and Power Company, Roane Of those original 52 hoppers, 37 remain in very good condition. 8 County The lime and potash harvested within a “groundhog” kiln at Beckley 9 the cave was used in farming as an insecticide, as well as in 3. Coal River Locks, Dams and Log Boom treatment of animal hides and in ceramic and brick production. Archaeological District, Boone, Kanawha and Lincoln Counties The town of Cass in Pocahontas County represents West Virginia’s timbering industry. Founded in 1901 and named Bluefield 4. Continental Clay Brick Plant, Berkeley County for Joseph Kerr Cass, vice president and co-founder of West 5. Henry Clay Furnace, Monongalia County Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, the town arose as a company 6. Hydroelectric Power Plant, Jefferson County town for the nearby logging operation at Cheat Mountain. The railroad used to transport the logs is now a popular tourist 7. LaBelle Iron Works, Ohio County attraction that carries visitors into the Monongahela National 8. Meadow River Lumber Building, Greenbrier Forest. Steam-powered Shay Engines continue to pull the rail County cars to the top of Bald Knob. 9. Organ Cave, Greenbrier County Outside downtown Martinsburg, the Continental Clay Brick Plant was constructed in 1917. This complex of beehive kilns 10. Peter Tarr Furnace Site, Hancock County Organ Cave, Greenbrier County represents a late example of the 19th century brick industry. 11. Pocahontas Times Print Shop, Pocahontas County Originally fired by coal, the kilns were later converted to gas before the beehive method was replaced by the modern continuous production line. 12. Seneca Glass Company Building, Monongalia County 148 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 149

West Virginia. The building, constructed structed for an iron bridge. The queen icant in Weston, where most buildings Lewis County by local carpenters, features a central post bridge measures approximately 12 reflect the Victorian era in which they bell tower and Gothic arch, stained and feet wide and 39 feet long and has board were built. (4/9/1993) Alum Bridge Vicinity leaded glass windows which contain and batten sides. The bridge carries the dozens of rectangular lead cames sur- road over the right fork of the West Fork Weston Downtown Historic rounding marbleized glass panes in hues River. Covered Bridges of West Virginia District of green and yellow. (7/12/1985) (6/4/1981) Most of the buildings in Weston’s down- town were erected during the period of Crawford Vicinity Weston the town’s greatest expansion between 1875 and 1920, although the district also Upper Glady School Jonathan M. Bennett House includes buildings as early as 1845 and Upper Glady School represents the small as late as 1930. Several destructive fires (Louis Bennett Public Library) in the 1870s led to the adoption of a fire rural one-room schoolhouses which From 1836 to 1865, Jonathan M. Bennett th and safety and building code in Weston stood in Lewis County well into the 20 participated in the political and social in 1889. This code required all buildings century. Constructed in 1900, the school affairs of the Commonwealth of Virginia within a certain area to be of brick, re- replaced a former log school located winning many local offices, including sulting in a downtown which is visually May-Kraus Farm nearby. The one-story frame building the office of Mayor of Weston in 1846. uniform and architecturally complemen- had a center potbellied stove with the Bennett commissioned the construc- tary. A notable building in this district is fuel stored in a coal house. An outdoor tion of his house in 1874-75 from the the 1930 Art Deco Citizen’s Bank. Metal May-Kraus Farm pump supplied running water after 1941 designs of an unidentified Parkersburg The May Kraus Farm, located in a hol- details on the interior and exterior are and electricity was added c. 1950. The architect. Italianate details include the low near Alum Bridge, is a good example the work of master iron craftsman Sam- school operated until 1965. (3/20/2002) heavy wooden brackets of the tower and of a pioneer settlement typical to this uel Yellin of Philadelphia. (9/28/1985) veranda, a balustrade tower balcony, and area. The area was primarily settled by an elaborate barge board with wooden a group of German and Irish Catho- Walkersville Vicinity loops which culminate in the apex of the Weston Downtown Residential lics. The historic property includes one front gable in an intricate wooden lattice Historic District house, a root cellar and a chicken and Annamede (Davisson-Blair with pendant. The parlor and billiard Significant growth of the area in the pig shed. The I-house is attached to a Farm) rooms of the house contain original 1830s and 1840s is attributed to the con- log structure, likely the first home built E.G. Davisson was an important local plaster ceiling moldings. (6/9/1978) struction of the Staunton - Parkersburg on the property. The root cellar is made businessman and played a significant from hand cut stone and the shed rep- role in the development of Lewis Coun- resents local craftsmanship with the use ty’s oil and gas industries. In 1901, he Weston Colored School From 1882 through May 1954, this of hand sawn oak siding. (3/22/2006) employed the Knoxville firm of Barber & building served as the only educational Kluttz to design his house, Annamede, facility for black youth in segregated which was completed in 1907 in the Camden Vicinity Weston and, except for a brief period Classical Revival style of architecture. when there was a school on Butcher’s Several dependencies remain as a re- Fork several miles from Weston, it was St. Bernard Church and minder of Davisson’s agricultural en- the only black school in Lewis Coun- Cemetery deavors. (3/11/1987) St. Bernard Church, built in 1909-10, ty. In design, it resembled one-room was the life work of Thomas Aquinas schoolhouses found throughout the Quirk (1845-1937), a Roman Catholic Walkersville Covered Bridge county; however, in the 1920s a Mis- The Walkersville Covered Bridge was priest who achieved widespread recogni- sion-style addition was added to the constructed by John G. Sprigg in 1903 tion and acclaim for his religious, social, front of the building. The Spanish flavor on stone abutments previously con- and humanitarian services to central of the facade makes the building signif- Weston Colored School 150 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 151

and Weston & Gauley Bridge Turnpikes rear hillside. The hospital closed in 1996. reminiscent of the period of substantial that opened the small village of Weston (NR listed 4/19/1978; National Historic growth and prosperity in Hamlin. The to trade via the Shenandoah, Ohio, Landmark 6/21/1990) building is reflective of the early-20th Monongahela, and Kanawha Rivers. century American trends in bank de- Later, the construction of the Weston Weston Vicinity sign, which attempted to portray a sense State Hospital brought an influx of new of security and strength following the workers and the discovery of natural gas nationwide financial panics and subse- deposits contributed to Weston becom- Jackson’s Mill quent depression of the late 19th century. ing a major manufacturing hub. This Jackson’s Mill was constructed in 1837 (11/24/2015) growth and development is reflected in on the farm where Confederate Gener- the architecture of Weston’s residential al Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson spent Holley Hills Estate buildings. Some architectural styles in much of his childhood. The structure, Logan County on the Coal River are an underwater the district include Second Empire, Neo- which operated until 1892, replaced an resource depicting the navigation and classical Revival, Queen Anne, Tudor earlier mill that was destroyed by fire. It is a focal point of the Jackson’s Mill 4-H transportation system used on the Coal Henlawson Vicinity Revival, and Colonial Revival. (2/2/2005) th Camp. (2/23/1972) River in the 19th and early 20 centu- ries. The existing remains of timber cribs Weston Hospital Main Building Chesapeake & Ohio 2755 Steam Jackson’s Mill State 4-H Camp and portions of the locks and dams are With changing attitudes toward the visible during low water periods. The Locomotive The C&O 2755 is an example of “late mentally ill just before the Civil War, Historic District navigation system was important to Jackson’s Mill State 4-H Camp, estab- steam” development on West Virginia’s Virginia authorized the construction the development of the coal and tim- lished in 1921, is an excellent intact coal-hauling railroads. After a service of a hospital west of the Alleghany ber industry in this region of the state. example of summer youth camp plan- life of only 10 years (1947 to 1957) on Mountains. Its construction followed Engineer William Rosecrans designed ning and architecture. In creating the the Logan Subdivision of the Chesa- the “Kirkbride Plan” by locating it in a and installed the lock and dam system, camp, Jackson’s Mill founders sought to peake & Ohio Railway, the 2755 was rural area far away from cities. Architect which is recognized as one of the earli- convey a set of youth development ideals retired, and in 1961 was moved to the Richard Snowden Andrews designed est complete lock and dam systems on a and enlisted professional architects and newly established Chief Logan State the massive building that was intended West Virginia waterway. (11/24/1997) to be the largest hand-cut stone build- planners as well as community members Park. The 2755 embodies the hallmarks ing in the nation. Construction began and youth in the design of the camp. The of the American steam locomotive’s Holley Hills Estate in 1858 and was completed in the early resulting collection of varying architec- final development phase; superheated The Holley Hills Estate, constructed 1880s with a portion of the hospital first tural styles of buildings established a steam, large driving wheels, high op- around 1885 by James Avis Holley II, is a opened to patients in 1864. The facility rural community which supported the erating pressures, and a large firebox. working family farm. Situated on a 296- was self-sufficient with a farm on the values of “family, pride of ownership and (9/28/2006) rural life.” (2/4/2005) acre tract, the estate centers around the main house, a large two-story farmhouse with Greek Revival elements, and six Lincoln County agricultural outbuildings. (12/1/1980) Hamlin Alum Creek Vicinity Lincoln National Bank Coal River Locks, Dams and Log Lincoln National Bank was construct- Boom Archaeological Historic ed c. 1907 during the area’s oil and gas District boom. The building’s stone construc- (Kanawha, Boone and Lincoln Counties) tion, temple-front design, and modest, Jackson’s Mill State 4-H Camp Historic District Chesapeake & Ohio 2755 Steam Locomotive The old locks, dams, and log booms Classical Revival-style elements are 152 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 153

Logan Shinnston was hired to add a sidewalk, Alpha Psi Omega, a nationwide theater improve the approaches, and reinforce honor society, was founded in 1925. the ridge truss with steel rod hang- (3/28/1994) Chafin House ers. Covered Bridges of West Virginia Built around 1900, the Chafin House is a (3/30/1973) blend of the Shingle and Colonial Re- Fairmont Senior High School vival style of architecture. The house is Fairmont Senior High School was built associated with Sheriff Don Chafin, the Fairmont in 1928 by the Fairmont Independent infamous “Czar of Logan” and the leader School District and financed through of defending forces in the Battle of bonds. The large brick building is Colo- Colonial Apartments nial Revival in style and features a steep- Blair Mountain in 1921. The house was This building was constructed as a dairy ly-pitched gabled roofline, tall chimneys, deeded to the Women’s Club of Logan in barn c. 1900 by Edward and Donald Dunbar School and rows of multi-light windows. The 1946. (3/28/1994) Kennedy. By the 1930s, the once agri- community’s African American youth. interior exhibits the original design and cultural land was subdivided and the (4/28/2015) material with wood floors, paneled oak barn was converted into an apartment Sarah Ann Vicinity library, gymnasium, auditorium, and building in 1942. Dr. Ruth Ann Musick, tiled water fountains. The architect, noted author and folklorist at the nearby Fairmont Downtown Historic William Butts Ittner, was well known for Hatfield Cemetery Fairmont State College (now University), District The Hatfield Cemetery features a life- his design of schools in his home town lived in the building. (7/26/2006) Fairmont’s downtown showcases the size marble statue of Capt. Anderson development of the city’s commercial of St. Louis, Missouri, as well as other “Devil Anse” Hatfield. The monument core between 1890 and 1930. During states. The windows have been replaced. was commissioned by his children short- Dunbar School (3/22/2002) This school for African American chil- those years, Fairmont emerged as a ly after his death in 1921 and was erect- regional center providing banking, retail, ed in 1926. This cemetery and another dren from primary through twelfth grade was constructed in 1928 as part and government services to the booming Thomas W. Fleming House in Mingo County are the burial places of This house was constructed in 1901 of the Fairmont Independent School north-central West Virginia bituminous members of the Hatfield family, partici- from plans incorporating both Colonial District’s school building initiative. Since coal fields. The district retains examples pants in the Hatfield-McCoy feud. Hat- th Revival and French Beaux Arts designs. outlying communities only provided of many of the popular late 19 and early field Cemeteries of Southwestern West th It features a round solarium entrance, a for the education of students through 20 century commercial architectural Virginia TR. (11/20/1980) steeply pitched roof with dormers and eighth grade, the school not only served styles, as well as significant examples of tall chimneys, and two-story bays with Fairmont’s youth, but much of Marion Gothic, Baroque, and Romanesque Re- conical roofs. Thomas W. Fleming was County. From the time it was construct- vival church architecture. (8/15/1995) Marion County a descendant of a pioneer family that ed until 1956, when the school closed helped settle Fairmont. He served as following desegregation, Dunbar School Fairmont Normal School mayor of Fairmont for two terms in the Barrackville served an essential role in educating the Administration Building 1890s and was elected to the House of Fairmont Normal School was one of Delegates in 1905. Following his death six preparatory teacher schools estab- Barrackville Covered Bridge in 1937, the family house passed to his lished in West Virginia after the Civil This 145-foot covered bridge was con- heirs and was then sold to the Fairmont War. After becoming a college in 1912, structed in 1853 by bridge builder, Woman’s Club. (8/29/1979) Lemuel Chenoweth, with help from enrollment expanded. The administra- his brother Eli. The multiple Kingpost tion building was constructed in 1915 trusses are flanked by a Burr Truss sys- to meet the need for additional space. It Fleming-Watson Historic tem with 16 vertical posts. Siding was was designed by renowned Philadelphia District not added until 20 years later by R.L. architect, Paul Armon Davis III, in the Beginning in 1850, this primarily resi- Cunningham to protect the bridge from Neo-Classical Revival style. The school dential district grew along with the city the elements. In 1934, C.A. Short of Barrackville Covered Bridge is also significant as the location where of Fairmont, most significantly between 154 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 155

the years of 1890 through 1930. It in- designed by the Concrete Steel Engi- house, was designed by the Colum- planting plan for the house’s grounds. cludes fine examples of Greek Revival, neering Company of New York and the bus, Ohio firm, Yost and Packard. The It is a notable example of Tudor Revival Italianate, Neo-Classical Revival, Queen construction work was completed by the house is American Foursquare in style. architecture featuring steeply pitched Anne, and Colonial Revival architecture. John F. Casey Company of Pittsburgh. (5/29/1979) roofs, dormers, tall chimneys, and com- This district reflects the rise of the coal The project started in the fall of 1918 binations of wall materials. The interior city in West Virginia and reflects the and coincided with the national better Masonic Temple features a birch-paneled living room be- creativity and planning that went into roads movement. Also known as the The Masonic Temple was designed by neath an ornamental plaster, strapwork creating a community. (11/29/2001) “Million Dollar Bridge,” the now reha- architect H.F. Giffin and built by the ceiling. The house was constructed for bilitated bridge continues to dominate Brady Construction Company in 1906. Harry Shaw, a noted attorney and jurist th the entrance to downtown Fairmont. Its Beaux Arts style may have been of the early 20 century who also served (12/4/1991) adapted from the neighboring court- in various public offices. (9/14/1988) house. The five-story building not only Jacobs-Hutchinson Block satisfied the needs of the organization Woodlawn Cemetery The Jacobs-Hutchinson Block exempli- for a larger meeting space, but was also a Woodlawn’s first plat of 1875 was a fies the transition that Fairmont made vital social gathering place for the com- simple, rectilinear design that evolved from a sleepy county seat to a bustling munity. Upon opening, the post office into a naturalistic, park-like setting with commercial center. This block was occupied the first floor. (4/9/1993) curvilinear streets, high-style grave constructed in 1902 to provide much markers, and an Egyptian Revival mau- needed commercial space to the grow- Thomas C. Miller Public School soleum. Community leaders hired Pitts- ing city. The architect, Andrew C. Lyons, The Miller School is a combination burgh landscape architect Tell William designed many schools, commercial of the work of two master architects. Nicolet to design the final phases of the buildings, and residences in Fairmont Frank L. Packard, a prominent architect, cemetery’s growth. Significant not only and throughout West Virginia. The especially in Ohio, designed the original for its design, Woodlawn also represents block exemplifies his classical design section of the school. William B. Ittner, Fairmont’s expansion and development High Gate (James Edward Watson House) th vocabulary. (7/21/1995) sometimes called the “Father of Modern in the early 20 century and as the rest- High Gate (James Edward School Architecture,” designed the ad- ing place of many of the area’s leading citizens. (4/14/2004) Watson House) Marion County Courthouse and dition. The school, though a vernacular Noted architect, Horace Trumbauer, Sheriff’s Residence interpretation, displays elements of the designed this home in 1910 for coal The completion of the Marion County Colonial Revival and Jacobethan styles Mannington magnate, James Edward Watson. This Courthouse in 1900 is the grand tes- of architecture. (5/8/2013) grand manor house exemplifies Edward- timony to the area’s coming of age. By Mannington Historic District ian opulence with brick, stucco, and this time, Fairmont had become a thriv- Harry Shaw House Mannington’s early growth was tied to half-timbering. Of note are the great ing and self-sufficient center of a vast The Shaw House was designed in 1919 the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad which carved dog-leg staircase, the Grinling coal and gas producing industry. The by the Fairmont architectural firm of was completed to Fairmont in 1852. Gibbons-style carving above the din- building features monumental porticos Jones and Nuzum who were joined Many of the buildings reflect the ar- ing room mantelpiece, silver and brass and a grand dome, distinguishing char- in their efforts by Alex MacElwee, a chitectural styles popular at the time sconces, marble entrance vestibule, and acteristics of the Beaux Arts style. The landscape gardener, who prepared a including Queen Anne, Stick, Art Deco, the oak paneled elevator. Also on the dome’s belvedere is surmounted by a and Gothic Revival. Several houses were property is the restored carriage house. large figure holding the scales of justice. designed by noted Wheeling archi- (4/15/1982) Sculptural groupings in the pediments, tect Millard F. Giesey. The success of designed and sculpted by W.D. Priest, the Mannington oil fields in the late High Level Bridge reflect central themes of power, justice, 19th century also contributed to the The High-Level Bridge is a three-span agriculture, and mining. The court- town’s growth and its leaders. Dr. Israel house, along with the adjacent sheriff’s reinforced concrete arch bridge. It was High Level Bridge Charles White, a geologist, applied his 156 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 157

knowledge of oil formation and deposit Prickett’s Fort Marshall County locations to survey for wells. Francis Prickett’s Fort was constructed in 1774 Abraham Modi and his brothers, immi- to provide refuge against potential attack grants from Lebanon, established several by Native Americans and was named for Cameron local businesses. Furbee and Prichard Jacob Prickett, believed to have been the family members were also successful. first white settler in the area. While the (11/22/1995) Cameron City Pool original fort is gone, it has been recon- The Cameron City Pool is a unique structed and is open as a living history structure built during the Great Depres- Wilson School museum as part of Prickett’s Fort State sion era with a grant from the Proj- The Wilson School, which provided Park. Nearby is a c. 1866 brick house ect Works Administration in 1939. A education through the fourth grade, was built by Prickett’s descendants. Adjoin- semi-circular pool with an underwater constructed on the east end of Man- ing the fort site is the family cemetery life guard station, the swimming pool nington in 1912 to address the growing established in 1772. (2/12/1974) also provided an emergency fire protec- population associated with the area’s oil tion reservoir of 235,000 gallons of wa- boom. The building displays elements of ter. The uniquely shaped pool was built the Collegiate Gothic style of architec- Rivesville Vicinity from a design patented by Indianapolis ture. (11/29/2001) architect, Frank Hunter, and constructed George Pinkney Morgan House by Better Swimming Pools Inc. also of Mannington Vicinity This Greek Revival brick farmhouse was Indianapolis, with local engineer Gor- Spencer Cemetery constructed c. 1860 by George Pinkney don Salmons of Moundsville and H. L. Effie Spencer. The monument was erect- Morgan, an early Marion County coal Seabright as contractor. (7/14/1993) Hamilton Round Barn ed in 1914 at the death of John W. “Jack” Fashioned after a barn in Pennsylva- developer, farmer, and inventor. Morgan Spencer. The marker itself is in the shape nia, this round barn was completed for developed a new rifle shortly before the Cameron Downtown Historic of two large tree trunks with entwined Amos Hamilton in 1912 from materi- Civil War. His ancestor, David Morgan District branches. Treestones, as they are some- als available on his farm with the labor and his family are buried in a cemetery Nestled in a deep valley, Cameron has a times called, were the result of a rustic was performed by local carpenters. The on the property. David Morgan was concentrated downtown district. Al- th movement that celebrated nature during Hamilton Dairy, operating out of the an 18 century engineer and surveyor though a severe fire in 1895 destroyed the Victorian period in the late 19th cen- round barn, was the first in the county associated with the surveys of western many of the buildings, the town was re- tury. (12/12/2012) to install milking machines and was the Virginia. (5/1/2003) constructed over the next few decades in largest dairy farm in the area for many turn of the century architectural styles. years. Round and Polygonal Barns of Cameron has several Neoclassical-styled Glen Dale West Virginia (7/9/1985) buildings with one true flatiron building and a B&O railroad building curved to Bennett Cockayne House Montana Vicinity fit the tracks. There were several hotels The house represents an eclectic blend and banks for the developing industries of Italianate, Gothic Revival, Queen because of the gas boom. (12/4/1998) Anne, and Neo-Classical Revival styles, Jacob Prickett, Jr. Log House all added to an I-House plan.The Ben- The Jacob Prickett, Jr. Log House is a nett Cockayne House demonstrates how two-story log building constructed c. Cameron Vicinity a building changes to reflect current 1781. Its construction is similar to others styles and the owner’s personal suc- that served settlers in the Appalachian Spencer Cemetery cess. Originally constructed in 1850 by Mountains through the 18th and 19th Spencer Cemetery includes just one Bennett Cockayne, he farmed the lands centuries. A large stone chimney on the grave monument and two related head- until his death in 1875. His son, Samuel southwest side is the dominant exterior stones marking the graves of John and George Pinkney Morgan House A.J. Cockayne, was a champion Merino feature. (4/20/1979) 158 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 159

sheep farmer, winning an award at the large portions of the Ohio River Valley a center double-hung window and side 1876 Centennial Exposition for wool. between 1000 BC - AD 1, constructed light openings, typical of Greek Revival (12/12/2002) vast networks of earthen causeways link- architecture. Price was elected to the ing mounds built expressly for burial of Virginia House of Delegates in 1852. Moundsville the dead. The mound is the centerpiece (11/22/1995) of the Grave Creek Mound Archaeolog- ical Complex which also includes the West Virginia State Penitentiary Ferrell-Holt House original mound museum built c. 1945 by The West Virginia State Penitentiary was The Ferrell-Holt House is a two-story Delf Norona, founder of the West Vir- the state’s first penal institution, serving masonry, Italianate residence built in ginia Archaeological Society, the 1978 for 129 years until it closed in 1995. At 1877. Constructed by Richard Ferrell, museum as well as an addition complet- one time it held over 2,000 inmates. The a prominent merchant, the property is ed in 2008 to house the state archaeolog- buttressed, 24-foot stone walls create a Powell-Redmond House also significant for its association with ical curation facility. (National Historic Gothic Revival fortress with a crenellat- J. Howard Holt, to whom Ferrell sold Mason County attorney, “Judge” Ben- Landmark 10/15/1966) ed facade and towers. The front façade the property in 1890. Holt was a mem- jamin J. Redmond. The Italianate style stretches for three blocks. The windows ber of the Prohibition Party of West house features elaborate woodwork on were designed to bring light into each Virginia and a leader in two attempts to Moundsville Commercial the porch and large-scale decorative cell for a period of time every day. Jo- have a prohibition amendment added Historic District plasterwork on its interior. (2/10/1983) seph Fairfax, the architect of the origi- to the state’s constitution in 1896 and The Moundsville Commercial Historic nal section, employed the Auburn Plan 1912. Purchased by the Simpson United District is a commercial, banking, and developed in New York. Also called the Henderson Vicinity Methodist Church in the mid-twenti- government center. It is notable for its th “silent system,” the concept dates to 1818 eth century, the building was used as a many architectural styles of the late 19 th and consisted of an “inside cell” system. gathering place for the congregation’s and early 20 century including Ro- Eastham House The cell block contained cells back to youth and became known as Kirkside. manesque Revival, Neoclassical Reviv- The Eastham Farm was a pioneer back, several tiers in height. The com- (2/3/1987) al, Beaux Art, and Italianate. William homestead cleared by George and John Batson is the architect/contractor most plex also includes the historic Warden’s Eastham in the early 19th century. The closely associated with this area. His House and the State Police barracks. holdings were eventually built into a Grave Creek Mound commissions within the district include (9/19/1996) large estate which has been a working With a height of approximately 62 feet the Simpson United Methodist Church, farm throughout its history, noted for and a diameter of 240 feet, Grave Creek built in 1907 representing the Rich- raising livestock. The property includes Mound is the largest extant Early Wood- ardsonian Romanesque style. Within Mason County a Greek Revival style house constructed land burial mound in the country and is the district are also found the Strand c.1850 and a c.1820 smokehouse con- what remains of an extensive complex of Theater, Mound City Bank and the Post structed of hand-hewn hardwood tim- earthworks. The people who occupied Clifton Office and Federal Building. (3/17/1995) bers. (2/24/1989)

Powell-Redmond House Smithland Farm Bushrod Washington Price The Powell-Redmond House was built Comprised of an 1869 farmhouse and Residence in 1866 by Clifton Iron & Nail Company th th an assemblage of late-19 and early 20 The Bushrod Washington Price house founder, William Henry Powell. Powell century barns and outbuildings, Smith- was constructed for Price and his wife, was well known for his exploits with the land Farm is the third in a trio of farm Isabella, c. 1830 after they moved to the Union army in the Civil War. He par- properties once owned by Confederate area from Maryland. The front facade ticipated in the Valley Campaign with General John McCausland. McCausland has five bays with an original center General Sheridan and was awarded the inherited the farm from his first cousin, door which features a multi-light tran- Congressional Medal of Honor for his James W. Smith, in 1892 and promptly som and sidelights. The window above raid at the Battle of Stinking Creek. The improved it by installing a clay tile drain- West Virginia State Penitentiary the door has a three-part opening with home was later occupied by prominent 160 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 161

age system. McCausland applied this farm properties he owned and improved are laid in Flemish bond. A porch sup- Following Lord Dunmore’s War and drainage technology to all of his farms in by installing a clay tile drainage sys- ported by four pillars and scroll-work the Revolution, settlers came to the the area, bringing them into compliance tem. In the early 20th century, the farm brackets shelters the centered entry and area due to its flat ground and access with the accepted norms of scientific was enlarged by his son, Samuel, who its segmental fanlight. In 1868, Lewis to water transportation. The town, farming principles. The property also purchased several small nearby farms. sold his property to James Capehart, incorporated in 1833, became a center includes a one-room schoolhouse that The property includes the 1870 Itali- president of the Mason County Court of the shipbuilding industry and grew served local students in the first half of anate-style farmhouse, several agricul- and later a representative to the U.S. gradually through the early 19th centu- the 20th century. (10/17/2003) tural-related outbuildings, and three House of Representatives. The property ry. The district includes three distinct cemeteries. (2/16/2001) was later purchased by the Roseber- areas of commercial and residential ry family who retained it until 1977. development, beginning at the oldest General John McCausland House (8/29/1979) end of town at the “point” and reaching (Grape Hill) through the present business district to Built by the legendary Confederate Point Pleasant Battleground the Main Street residential neighbor- General John McCausland, Grape The Point Pleasant Battleground was hood. A great diversity of architectural Hill stands as a testament to his lesser the scene of the principal engagement styles is found in Point Pleasant, includ- known but equally impressive life as a of Dunmore’s War between Colonel ing pioneer log houses and Queen Anne, farmer following the Civil War. When Andrew Lewis and Shawnee Chief Corn- Romanesque Revival, Italianate, and McCausland returned from his post-Ap- stalk on October 10, 1774. Despite the Neoclassical commercial and residential pomattox adventures in Europe and advantage of surprise, Cornstalk’s attack buildings. (7/1/1985) The Gold Houses Mexico, he settled down on property failed to rout the more numerous mili- from his wife’s family and built a large tiamen. This victory, and the subsequent Southside Mason home. McCausland’s background in defeat of the British in the Revolutionary mathematics and engineering led him to War, hastened the end of Native Amer- ican power in the Ohio Valley. In 1908, Elm Grove (Long’s Landing) create a structure vaguely Italianate in Elm Grove, a farm complex developed The Gold Houses Congress granted $10,000 for the con- Early in the twentieth century, the Gold form with advanced features including between 1803 and 1923, is located on struction of a stone obelisk to commem- brothers, Alfred and Freemont, intro- an ash collection system that ran from rich bottomland which was owned and orate the site. (1/26/1970) duced a profitable nursery and orchard each fireplace in the house to a bin in developed by the Long family through business to Mason County, owning five the basement. He also supervised the in- 1947. The Long log house, built in 1803, separate orchards at its peak. Successful stallation of an intricate drainage system Point Pleasant Historic District served as the primary residence until businessman, they built twin houses in that made it possible to till the lands ad- Thomas Lewis established the town a brick manor house was built. How- 1908 that were mirror images of each jacent to the Kanawha River. (6/16/1980; of Point Pleasant at the confluence of ever, after suffering flood damage, it other. Their architecture reflected the boundary increase 7/5/2000) the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers in 1794. was replaced in an 1884 with a brick, changing trend of style between the Italianate-style residence. A 1923 Sears Queen Anne and the American Four- Point Pleasant Catalog Bungalow is also on the proper- square designs. One house was demol- ty. (7/16/1992) ished since listing. (7/9/1997) Lewis-Capehart-Roseberry House (Roseberry) Southside Vicinity Pliny Vicinity “Roseberry” was constructed for Thom- as W. Lewis, Jr. in the early 1820s on Couch-Artrip House Maplewood land inherited from his father, a prom- (Longmeadow) Following a series of different owners, inent Virginia politician and local busi- Historically known as “Longmeadow,” Confederate General John McCausland nessman who helped establish Point this brick Greek Revival house was built purchased the Maplewood property in Pleasant. The Federal style home stands Lewis-Capehart-Roseberry House (Roseberry) by Samuel Couch c.1830. The two-sto- the early 1890s, the second in a trio of two stories tall and its sturdy brick walls 162 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 163

ry home has side wings and an Itali- Ashland Jenkinjones arched window openings. Coal Com- anate-style porch that spans the front of pany Stores in McDowell County MPS the house, sheltering the centered main (4/17/1992) entry. The Couch family entered the Ashland Coal Company Store Pocahontas Fuel Company Store The Ashland Coal Company began Kanawha Valley in the early 1820s, orig- and Office Building construction of a mine and support The Pocahontas Fuel Company’s Jenkin- World War Memorial inally taking up farming and later prac- This World War Memorial, completed facilities in 1892 with operations com- jones mine was one of its most success- ticing law. The property also includes and dedicated in 1928, was designed by mencing in 1894. Though the store ful and innovative operations. At Jenkin- an earlier log house and a brick office/ an accomplished Welch architect, Has- building was constructed in 1907, it was jones, the company divided the typical school building dating to the same era as sell T. Hicks. It is a monument to black not used as the company store until the company store functions into two differ- the house. (8/23/1984) veterans who served in World War I and previous store building burned in 1943. ent buildings constructed c. 1917. The also served as an important cultural and Architecturally, the building displays an larger building housed the store and a social center for both blacks and whites uncomplicated, commercial style featur- post office on two levels. The company’s McDowell County who worked in the isolated coalfields. ing brick, stone, and wood with a low, business office was in the other building. The building features a Classical portico hipped roof. Coal Company Stores in Alex B. Mahood, one of southern West with massive columns and large arched Algoma McDowell County MPS (5/5/05) Virginia’s most prominent architects, windows. (4/9/1993) designed these two buildings using Algoma Coal and Coke Caretta classical details. Coal Company Stores in Company Store McDowell County MPS (4/17/92) Pageton The Algoma Coal and Coke Company Store served as the community center Carter Coal Company Store The Carter Coal Company Store served Kimball Page Coal and Coke Company for the compa- as the center of commercial, business, Store ny which began and social activity in the industrial The successful Page Coal and Coke shipping coal Houston Coal Company Store community of Caretta from the time it The Houston Coal Company Store was Company commissioned Bluefield archi- from the Poca- was constructed c. 1912. Consolidation constructed c. 1923 near Kimball and tect, Alex B. Mahood, to design its most hontas #3 seam in Coal Company purchased the business served employees first of the Houston important community building in 1914. 1891. Construct- in 1922 and altered the store to accom- Coal Company and later the Koppers During the following years, it provided a ed c.1933, the modate more office space. Coal Com- Coal Company. The store sits on a commercial, business, and social cen- current building pany Stores in McDowell County MPS spacious lawn boarded with a low stone ter for the company-owned town. This was the third (4/17/1992) wall. Unlike other company stores of the two-story brick building is one of Ma- Algoma Coal and Coke Company Store building serving same era that appear very industrial, this hood’s earliest commissions and his first in this capacity. building is an architectural showpiece company store on record. Coal Com- While the building served principally as Elkhorn featuring a hipped clay-tile roof and pany Stores in McDowell County MPS a store, it also housed the Algoma Coal (4/17/1992) and Coke Company’s business offices, John J. Lincoln House a post office, and a medical facility. The Associated with the Crozer Land Asso- Switchback building continued to house offices ciation in the Pocahontas coal field, John after the Island Creek Coal Company Lincoln was known for his business and took over in the 1950s and also after the community leadership. Some notable James Ellwood Jones House United Pocahontas Coal Company pur- characteristics of this residence include James Ellwood Jones was one of Mc- chased it in the 1960s. This modern style its multi-gabled roofline and half-timber Dowell County’s most progressive busi- building contains exterior walls of glazed ness leaders of the Pocahontas coalfields decoration. There are several smaller th yellow tile with bands of red brick evenly structures on the property, including a in the early 20 century. Working for spaced to the bottom. Coal Company dairy house and a two-story clapboard the Norfolk Coal and Coke Company, Stores in McDowell County (4/17/1992) house, which served as a school for Lin- John J. Lincoln House Jones also was an ambitious promoter of coln’s children. (7/16/1992) 164 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 165

education and health facilities through- “Mine Wars” of the early 1920s, and businessman, land owner, realtor, and Country Club Hill Historic out the active industrial county. The Edward Chambers. This event helped politician. He commissioned the con- District house he constructed for his family at focus attention on the issue of labor struction of a three-story, Greek Revival Centered on a golf course and country Switchback is evidence of his success relations in the coalfields of Appalachia. style house in the 1850s. Its three floors club, the Country Club Hill Historic Dis- and prominence in the community; the The 1894 courthouse, designed by Frank with many rooms and large entrance hall trict presents a picturesque environment large parlor contains a series of Arts and Pierce Milburn, is an excellent example made it one of the finest houses in the of curvilinear streets and large houses Craft stained glass windows depicting of Romanesque Revival architecture in area. During the Civil War, he headed placed on generous lawns. During the flowering vines on a trellis. (4/2/1992) the southern coal producing counties a cavalry company which became part 1920s, the residents of the neighbor- th of West Virginia. The interior of the of the 17 Regiment, Virginia Cavalry. hood comprised the heart of Bluefield’s building features a main stairway that is (3/12/1976) professional elite, most with ties to the notable for its heavy cast iron construc- burgeoning coal industry. Alexander B. tion. (8/29/1979) Bluefield Mahood, one of West Virginia’s most prolific architects, designed the Cha- Welch Commercial Historic teuesque style country club and five Bluefield Downtown Commercial District houses in the district, demonstrating his The town of Welch was developed on Historic District popularity in both the private and the In 1881, construction began on the Nor- land purchased by surveyor Captain public spheres. Historic and Architec- folk and Western Railroad line whose Isaac Welch from John H. Hunt in 1888. tural Resources of South Bluefield MPS primary purpose was to ship coal from Welch’s accounts of a large coal seam in (7/29/1992) the Pocahon- the southern area impressed Frederick tas Coalfields. J. Kimball, president of the Norfolk and Peerless Coal Company Store In 1888, the Easley House Western Railroad. When the railroad railroad con- The Easley reached the small settlement in 1892, Vivian structed a pas- House was there were only a dozen houses. With- senger station, designed by in a year, the town became the county round house prolific West Peerless Coal Company Store seat and was incorporated in 1893. Coal and shops for Virginia archi- The Peerless Coal Company Store was mines quickly opened and the com- the shipping tect, Alexander constructed c.1921 and was designed by mercial center grew. A disastrous fire in of coal from B. Mahood, the well-known Bluefield architect, Alex 1911 wiped out many buildings, but the the Pocahon- for Frank B. Mahood. This two-story brick build- owners quickly rebuilt. Welch’s down- tas Coalfields. Smoot Easley, ing is a departure from the architect’s town is quite compact and dense due to These events president of square plans. The asymmetrical facade the topography. (4/2/1992) the Bluefield has a main block of two stories with spurred the development Coal and Coke one story flanking wings. Coal Com- Company. The of Bluefield’s Colonel William Henderson French House pany Stores in McDowell County MPS Tudor Reviv- (4/17/1992) downtown as Mercer County an economic and social center of south- al style house ern West Virginia. The district consists features clipped gables, half-timbering, Welch Athens Vicinity primarily of three to four-story stone and an asymmetrical floor plan. The masonry buildings representing archi- house represents an unusual commis- McDowell County Courthouse tectural styles popular in the late 19th sion for Mahood, since he usually de- The McDowell County Courthouse Colonel William Henderson and early 20th centuries. These include signed Neoclassical and Colonial Revival French House style buildings. Historic and Architec- was the location of the assassination th Italianate, Commercial, Renaissance Re- of Sidney Hatfield, a prominent labor In the mid-19 century, William Hen- vival, Beaux Arts, Romanesque, and Art tural Resources of South Bluefield MPS leader who was involved in the violent derson French was an active area Deco. (3/18/1987) (7/29/1992) 166 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 167

structed in 1924 to house city govern- well-preserved reminder of the area’s ment offices. It was designed by Colum- prosperity during the 1930s and 1940s. bus, Ohio architect, Wilbur T. Mills and Bluefield was little affected by the eco- Garry & Sheffey, local architects associ- nomic reverses of the Great Depression, ated with Mills. Constructed in the Neo- seeing the construction of hundreds of classical Revival style, the front façade houses into the early 1940s. Most of the features four engaged Ionic columns and houses built here during that period a triangular pediment. The principal in- were American Four Squares and bun- terior feature is a three-story atrium off galows displaying various applications the front entrance. The space is naturally of the Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and lighted with multi-paned skylights set Stick styles of architecture. Larger hous- Hancock House (Alpha House) within nine coffers. The enriched plas- es reflect the Neoclassical Revival style. ter mouldings embellishing the lobby Prominent West Virginia architect Al- ceiling include consoles, keystones, and exander B. Mahood designed ten houses Hancock House (Alpha House) cove cornices. (5/29/1979) in the district, including his residence Architect M. H. Pettigo designed this on Bland Road, an understated expres- house for Charles Benjamin Hancock, a President’s House, Bluefield State sion of the Mediterranean Revival style. Bramwell Historic District wealthy Mercer County commercial and Historic and Architectural Resources of industrial pioneer. Constructed in 1907, College stories with bay windows and asphalt The construction of the President’s South Bluefield MPS (7/29/1992) the American Foursquare was purchased roofs. A later addition to the district House in 1930 reflected the progress and by the black fraternal group, Alpha Phi includes the historically African Amer- Alpha, in 1962. Their mission comple- success of Bluefield State (Teachers) Col- Upper Oakhurst Historic District The Upper Oakhurst neighborhood ican section of town and the house of mented the efforts of blacks in the 1960s lege since its establishment in 1895 with reflects the 1920s boom in Bluefield’s Dr. William A. Holley, a local physi- and 1970s to achieve full social integra- a modest 40 students. Once named after economy with various revival style cian. (8/3/1995, boundary amendment tion. It is Bluefield State College’s first the first president of the college, Ham- houses set on large landscaped lots. 5/5/2005) black fraternity house and oldest Greek ilton Hatter, the house was designed by Residents of the area were leaders in the letter organization. (1/17/1990) the local Bluefield firm Garry & Sheffey in the Colonial Revival style and served coal industry and its dependent fields of Bramwell Historic District as a residence for the college president banking and real estate. Local architect The Bramwell Historic District rep- Jefferson Street Historic District Alexander B. Mahood designed eight resents the opulence of the “Gilded th and his family until 1966. (12/3/1999) th In the early 20 century, Bluefield was houses in the district using variations of Age” at the turn of the 19 century. This experiencing a building boom. The Jef- the Colonial Revival and Neoclassical district was the only location specifically ferson Street Historic District represents South Bluefield Historic District designed to be a residential area inhabit- Enclosing an area of landscaped lawns Revival styles. (7/29/1992) the transition, in 20 years, from a small- ed by the elite populace of the Pocahon- and large houses, this district is a farm rural area to an urban residential Bramwell tas Coalfield. The success of the Poca- neighborhood. Many of the district’s hontas Coalfields operators is evident in houses are variations of the American the architecture which includes Queen Foursquare and bungalow, depicting el- Bramwell Additions Historic Anne, Craftsman, and Tudor Revival ements of architectural styles popular at District style houses. Several buildings contain the time including the Colonial Revival The Bramwell Additions Historic Dis- elaborate carvings inside, most notably and Craftsman styles. Historic and Ar- trict encompasses the coal camps of expressed on staircases. Stained and chitectural Resources of South Bluefield Cooper, Freeman, and Simmons whose beveled glass is found in several of the MPS (7/29/1992) workers mined coal in the area’s Flat Top homes. Decorative wrought iron fences field. Houses within the district were border many of the lots. (2/10/1983) Municipal Building of Bluefield built by the companies as residences Bluefield’s Municipal Building was con- President’s House, Bluefield State College for miners and were either one or two 168 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 169

Mills in West Virginia Because of the Mountain State’s deep ties to the agricultural industry, mills were often the center of rural communities. Many extant mills are listed in the National Register for their contributions to West Virginia’s economy and for their engineering and design. Yellow Spring Mill in Hampshire County played an integral role in the town’s grain and corn processing. Owned first by Wheeling Abraham Secrist, the mill was sold to Asa Cline in 1882. In 1888, it burned and was rebuilt by Cline and his son-in-law according to the “Hungarian plan” using rollers to mill flour. With the mill’s Morgantown 3 success, a general store was built adjacent to the property 11 13 which also served as the local post office. Destroyed again by Martinsburg a fire in 1895, it was rebuilt by 1899. Originally water powered, 6 4 it was converted to gas power in 1940 and then to electric in 14 1951. Commercial mills and increased competition caused the 7 Yellow Spring Mill to close in 1990, but the property has been preserved and is an excellent example of a local mill operation. 2 Easton Roller Mill, Monongalia County 5 French’s Mill, also in Hampshire County, significantly influenced 10 8 the milling industry in the town of Augusta. Rebuilt in 1911, after a devastating fire, the mill Huntington was part of a robust catalog of mills in the county. The townspeople and local farmers banded Charleston together to create the Augusta Milling Company. Unlike the Yellow Spring Mill, French’s Mill 1 used a burr stone to grind grain, rather than the roller method, which had become popular in 9 the region. Whereas other mills usually relied on hydropower, the Augusta Milling Company was powered by a wood-burning steam boiler, then by automobile battery, and lastly electricity. 1. Beaver Mill, Nicholas County Elkins Milling Company in Randolph County was listed in the National Register for its Beckley 12 contributions to the local industry, architecture, and for its connections to local businessman 2. Boggs Mill, Pendleton County Ralph Darden. Known in the area as “Darden’s Mill,” the mill was built in 1902 and served central 3. Easton Roller Mill, Monongalia County West Virginia farmers, shipping finished products across the state. Ralph Darden, the founding 4. Feagan’s Mill Complex officer of Elkins Milling Company, was one of the town’s leading employers, while investing in other grain and milling businesses. The mill’s post and Bluefield 5. Fidler’s Mill, Upshur County beam/timber frame construction is one of the few industrial 6. French’s Mill, Hampshire County buildings of its kind in the state. 7. Jackson’s Mill, Lewis County From the early 19th century, until it ceased operations in 1966, Boggs Mill met the needs of Pendleton County residents 8. McCoy Mill, Pendleton County who brought their grain to the mill to be ground into flour or 9. McNeel Mill, Pocahontas County animal feed. As was the case in many early milling operations, Boggs Mill was powered by water, and remains one of the 10. Mollohan Mill, Webster County few early examples of a “water mill” in the area. While in 11. Reckart Mill, Preston County operation, the mill served as a grain mill, a retail store, and a 12. Reed’s Mill, Monroe County common place for the community to gather. Like many mills in the state, increased competition and advances in milling 13. Thomas Shepherd’s Grist Mill, Jefferson County Boggs Mill, Pendleton County techniques caused Boggs Mill to cease operation after 136 14. Yellow Spring Mill, Hampshire County years of operation. 170 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 171

Princeton The building is the sixth courthouse of the county, with fire and Civil War ac- Mineral County tions destroying previous buildings. Alex Dr. Robert B. McNutt House B. Mahood, who studied architecture at Burlington Built c. 1840 and purchased by Dr. the Ecole des-Beaux-Arts in Paris, de- Robert B. McNutt and his wife Eliza- signed this modern limestone building. beth in 1844, this well-preserved frame Burlington Historic District (11/28/1980) I-house with Gothic Revival style trim The Burlington Historic District enclos- continues to reflect its historic role as es the entire residential and commercial the office and home of a locally promi- Mercer Street Historic District center of the town. Fields and rolling nent doctor. The house gained additional The Mercer Street Historic District countryside begin immediately at the significance when it was used in 1862 as developed after the Virginian Railway edge of the closely spaced houses and Fairview (Peerce House) headquarters for Union General Jacob was completed from Norfolk, Virginia to commercial buildings. These buildings th orchards on a 50-acre tract in rural Min- Deepwater, West Virginia in 1909. The represent common 19 century styles, Cox. During the Confederate retreat eral County. Designed and built by John passenger depot of the Virginian stood ranging from Greek Revival to Queen from the town on May 1, 1862, most of Peerce c. 1867, it is an exceptional exam- at the bottom of Mercer Street adjacent Anne, with simple wood-frame com- its buildings were burned to keep them ple of transitional Federal-Greek Revival to the railroad tracks. The arrival of the mercial buildings arranged along the from falling into Federal hands. Of the style. The Federal, two-story farmhouse Virginian marked a new commercial main thoroughfare, Patterson Creek buildings saved from the fire, only the is accented by such Greek Revival fea- building campaign in Princeton, shifting Road. The town grew steadily after 1830 McNutt house has survived, leaving it tures as a one-story portico including the focus of retail and hotel traffic from because of its location along the North- as the sole representative of Princeton’s an entablature supported by fluted Ionic the courthouse to the railroad. Archi- western Turnpike (now US 50) and the antebellum residential architecture. Fol- columns. The hipped roof is capped by tecture in the area typifies the styles Twin Mountain & Potomac Railroad. lowing the Civil War, McNutt reestab- a four-sided cupola with windows. The and uses associated with transportation Early mills and farms brought prosperity lished his medical practice in his home, farm includes an icehouse, springhouse, corridors with hotels, stores, and restau- to the area. (12/7/1992) and directly participated in the econom- two-story barn, corncrib and smoke- ic and political growth of the community rants catering to the traveling public. Stylistically, commercial adaptations house, as well as a small family cemetery. by aiding in the creation of a bank and Burlington Vicinity (12/7/1992) by advocating the cause for paper mon- of Italianate, Colonial Revival, and Art ey. (7/25/2001) Deco architectural forms predominate along Mercer Street. (10/17/2003) Carskadon House (Locust Grove, Fort Hill Farm Radical Hill) Situated just south of Burlington, Fort Mercer County Courthouse Virginian Railway Yard Historic Locally known as “Locust Grove,” the Hill Farm’s 240 acres are mainly used for The Mercer County Courthouse, built pastures. The complex has a large Greek District Carskadon House was constructed c. 1930, is a wonderful example of Art Revival brick house constructed in 1853, Located along the old Virginian mainline in 1827 for Thomas H. Carskadon, Deco design in southern West Virginia. a large post-and-beam barn, 16 out- in Princeton, the yard is composed of re- an active politician who served in the buildings, a family school house known sources associated with the maintenance Virginia General Assembly and was a as “Woodside” and family cemetery. The and construction of railroad rolling vocal opponent of slavery. The two-story plantation represents the affluence of stock. The Virginian Railway, established gabled house was built in the Federal the Sloan family, a family instrumental to compete with the C&O Railway and style, designed around a central hallway in the settlement of this region of West the Norfolk & Western Railway in the and graced by decorative dentils along Virginia. During the early years of the lucrative coal hauling trade, arrived in the roof cornice. Later additions include 20th century, the farm was overseen by Princeton in 1908 and was complete a classic Greek Revival portico with the three “Sloan Sisters.” The farm has along its entire route by 1909. Princeton triangular pediment and Doric columns. traditionally been a cattle farm and in- thrived because of the presence of the (3/20/1987) troduced the Aberdeen Angus breed to Virginian Railway machine and repair the area in 1882. (1/9/1997) Mercer County Courthouse shops. (5/1/2003) Fairview (Peerce House) Fairview stands nestled among fields and 172 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 173

Travelers Rest (Old Stone House) as a private residence until it became a Piedmont oldest buildings in Mineral County. It Built to serve the stage coach lines on museum. Archaeological investigations first served as a tavern for the local area the Northwestern Turnpike (US Route conducted in 1998 located evidence of of Short Gap and eventually became a the stockade wall and stanchions, as well Henry Gassaway Davis House stagecoach stop and later a home to a 50), Travelers Rest continues to reflect The Henry Gassaway Davis House is an as garbage pits. (12/18/1970) local farmer. (7/14/2000) its origins as a historic place of lodging. excellent example of the Second Empire Built in 1828 from sandstone quar- style, exhibited by a mansard-style roof, ried on nearby Knobbly Mountain, the Keyser cornice brackets, pedimented roof dor- Mingo County building was initially constructed in a mers and a cupola. The house, a duplex, simple three-bay side-gable configura- was built for Henry Gassaway Davis, tion. Many years later, a matching stone Thomas R. Carskadon House Built circa 1866 by its owner, Thomas R. United States senator from 1871 through Matewan addition added five bays and a rear ell. Carskadon, the brick building combines 1883. (12/19/2008) Stylistically, the building exhibits ver- elements of the Italianate and French nacular strains of the Greek Revival style Matewan Historic District Second Empire styles. Carskadon began of architecture, a style growing in popu- Ridgeville Located between a hillside and the Tug his political career as an opponent of larity for public buildings at the time of Fork River, the Matewan Historic Dis- slavery and secession in the early 1860s. construction. (7/26/2006) Vandiver-Hull-Trout-Clause trict encompasses most of the town’s In 1861, he voted as part of the West central business district. Following the Virginia Constitutional Convention to House completion of the Norfolk & Western Built c. 1770 on land originally owned separate from Virginia and establish a Railway in 1890, the town grew rapidly by Lord Fairfax, this house served as a new state. Initially a loyal Republican, and incorporated in 1893. In a testimony working farmhouse and later as a unique Carskadon abandoned his party in the to the importance of the railroad, the focal point for the local community. The mid-1880s for the Prohibition Party, an buildings along Mate Street have two two-story, L-shaped building exhibits affiliation he maintained until his death facades, one that faces the railroad, and elements of both Federal and Greek in 1905. In his later years, Carskadon one that faces Mate Street. Matewan Revival styles, integrated into a unique also established himself as an inven- achieved fame on May 19, 1920, when a vernacular expression. Constructed in tor, seeking and gaining several pat- downtown gun battle between coal min- the early 19th century by John Vandiver, ents on items of agricultural interest. ers, led by Police Chief Sid Hatfield, and it functioned primarily as the center of a (8/22/2002) Baldwin-Felts detectives, employed to Travelers Rest (Old Stone House) working farm, but also served as an inn evict union miners from company hous- and tavern for travelers. Henry Trout ing, resulted in ten deaths. (4/27/1993, Mineral County Courthouse purchased the property in 1869, oper- Fort Ashby The Mineral County Courthouse, origi- National Historic Landmark 2/18/1997). ating the inn and adding a post office nally built as a Greek Revival style gov- and polling functions to the structure. Fort Ashby ernment building, was updated in 1894 The Henry Claus family purchased the Built in 1755 during the French and to include a two-story Romanesque Re- property in 1904, continuing the tradi- Indian War, Fort Ashby was part of a vival addition. Mineral County formed tion, until their deaths in the mid 1900s. defensive line stretching from the upper in 1866 from Hampshire County due (5/29/1979) Potomac Valley to the Holston River in to unprecedented growth in the region. Tennessee. According to orders given The small town of Keyser was chosen by Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia, the as county seat and the new courthouse Short Gap Vicinity fort was to provide backup for the more soon followed. The new county and the heavily stockaded forts along the South courthouse made government more Stewart’s Tavern Branch of the Potomac River, as well as accessible to those who had once been Stewart’s Tavern is a unique example to defend area residents and soldiers. considered part of the far western fron- of an early homesteader residence in The original log blockhouse now stands tier. County Courthouses of West Virgin- Mineral County. Built c. 1790 of hand- in the town of Fort Ashby, and served ia (9/7/2007) hewn chestnut logs, it is one of the Matewan Historic District 174 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 175

New Town Vicinity flanked by square, tapering pylons. Five are paved in brick, the work of master tall windows with half-round tops run mason Thoney Pietro. (11/15/2006) down each side. The building was re- Hatfield Cemetery stored after a 2010 fire. (3/6/1980) The one acre site contains the graves Monongalia of twenty-one members of the Hatfield family. The cemetery is one of two Hat- Mountaineer Hotel th County field cemeteries that are associated the In the early 20 century, Williamson was famous Hatfield-McCoy Feuds. Buried located in what was then the “Heart of here are the parents of “Devil Anse” the Billion Dollar Coal Field” and served Cheat Neck Vicinity as the service center for much of the Hatfield and several of his brothers Elven C. Smith House including Ellison Hatfield, whose mur- surrounding coal camps and unincor- porated areas. One necessity the city Henry Clay Furnace der in 1882 was the first act of violence house is situated on a steep hillside over- The construction of this iron furnace in did not have, however, was the ability which triggered a violent phase of the looking the downtown. The front, mas- the 1830s marked the beginning of a 70- to provide workers, travelers and busi- famous feud. The second cemetery is sive set of stone walls and monumental year era in which the smelting industry nessmen coming to the area with a place found in Logan County. Hatfield Cem- stairway are the work of local Italian utilized low-grade, local ores rather than to stay and conduct business. The com- eteries in Southwestern West Virginia master stone masons from the Elia and the imported, higher grade ores that munity of Williamson worked together (11/28/1980) Ramella families. (8/22/2002) would become prevalent in later years. to raise the funds for the construction Built of stone in the shape of a truncat- of the Mountaineer Hotel. The building ed pyramid, the furnace utilized steam Williamson was designed by the architectural firm of Williamson Field House power and was capable of producing Meanor and Handloser and constructed The Williamson Field House is located in about four tons of pig iron in a 24-hour in 1925. (3/21/1997) Williamson Memorial Park, which also Coal House period. The furnace became the focus of Built in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, the includes one multi-purpose field and a a community of 500 people employed in Coal House stands in downtown Wil- smaller little league field. Planning for R.T. Price House the facility began by the City of William- the mining, charcoal-making, and smelt- liamson as a reminder of the national Redmon Turner Price, an important son in 1946 to memorialize World War ing processes. (10/15/1970) importance of the “Billion Dollar Coal local businessman, commissioned II veterans. Completed in 1951, the Wil- Field.” Construction of the Coal House prominent West Virginia architect Levi liamson Field House can seat up to 6,000 was a community-wide effort led by J. Dean to design his house in the 1930s Harmony Grove spectators. Various sports competitions, O.W. Evans, manager of the Norfolk & in the then-popular Tudor Revival style. community events, and entertainment Western Railway’s Fuel Department. He integrated the brick building into the shows have taken place in the facility. Harmony Grove Meeting House When completed, the rectangular struc- site by building the house in a curve that Constructed in 1854, this small wood (12/15/2011) ture featured a recessed entry portico conformed to the bank of the nearby frame building has served as a church crowned with a half-round arch and Tug Fork River. (1/10/1991) building, school, and meeting house Williamson Historic District for the community of Harmony Grove. The Williamson Historic District con- It features Gothic arched windows and Elven C. Smith House sists of 46 acres composed of a mixed- Designed by regional architect Hassel front door. (9/16/1983) use concentration of buildings on the Thomas Hicks, this Neoclassical house north side of Williamson, the county was built in 1938 for Elven C. Smith, seat. The district is primarily residential Laurel Point Vicinity then vice-president and secretary trea- in character and contains numerous surer of the Williamson Supply Com- examples of the architectural styles pany. Hicks designed many important Dents Run Covered Bridge popular in the late nineteenth and early This 1889 kingpost truss bridge is 12 buildings in the southern coalfields, twentieth centuries including Queen by 40 feet with lap-wood siding. The including the Kimball War Memorial Anne, American Foursquare, Colonial bridge’s masonry abutments were con- and the Coal House in Williamson. The Mountaineer Hotel Revival, and Bungalow. Several streets structed by W. A. Loar. William and Jo- 176 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 177

seph Mercer completed the superstruc- Brown family, the Brown Building sym- It was originally constructed to house Avenues. The architecture is an eclectic ture for a total of $448. Covered Bridges bolizes the emergence of Morgantown Fred Dering’s harness shop. (11/4/1994) mix of styles from Dutch Colonial Re- of West Virginia (6/4/1981) from a sleepy village into a thriving city. vival and Queen Anne, to Gothic Revival (7/8/1985) Downtown Morgantown Historic and Beaux Arts. The commercial area Morgantown District thrived because of its easy access by lo- Chancery Hill Historic District Representing a period from 1795 to cal residents. Though Greenmont grew The Chancery Hill Historic District was 1945, this commercial district has into a primarily Italian neighborhood, D.I.B. Anderson Farm once part of the farm owned Waitman early records show that African Amer- The c. 1866 farmhouse was once part of resources related to the development T. Willey, one of West Virginia’s early icans who lived in the neighborhood a larger farm. The house is a two-story, of Morgantown from an agricultural political leaders. After his death in 1900, were employed in the local glass facto- asymmetrical vernacular building of community into a thriving city. District his heirs began to develop the neigh- ries and other industries. (2/2/2005) brick construction and features Itali- boundaries closely follow the origi- borhood of Chancery Hill as properties anate style characteristics such as wide, nal grid of Morgantown as laid out by were divided into building lots and sold overhanging eaves, tall and narrow rect- Zackquill Morgan, founder of the town. Hackney Home off. An eclectic blend of early 20th cen- This Queen Anne farmhouse was con- angular windows, and decorative eave This district includes a collection of ar- tury styles makes up the architecture structed on the edge of the growing brackets. Included on the property are a chitectural styles including Romanesque lining the central, tree lined brick street town of Morgantown in 1892. Originally stone well house and a 19th century out- Revival, Italianate, Gothic Revival, Clas- and bordering the Oak Grove Ceme- on a parcel of three acres with outbuild- building built of hand-made bricks that sical Revival, and Federal. (5/2/1996) tery. (12/3/1999; boundary amendment ings, the land was later sold for new originally housed the ice house, smoke- 11/29/2001) building lots. (7/1/1999) house, and summer kitchen. (3/25/1994) Ford House Constructed c. 1870, this Gothic Re- Judge Cox Residence vival style cottage features a steeply Once the home of Judge Frank Cox, a pitched gable roof with a center gable prosecuting attorney and Judge of the and a Gothic arch window located in Supreme Court of Appeals of West Vir- the center gable. The house was likely ginia, this two and a half story residence constructed by William Guseman who is an excellent example of Queen Anne owned a foundry nearby and purchased architecture. Designed by Morgantown the property in 1863. (11/15/1993) architect Elmer F. Jacobs and built c. 1898, the house features a three-story Fourth Ward School octagonal tower capped by an iron finial, This school was constructed in 1910 to ornate wood porches, stained glass win- serve the surrounding Wiles Hill neigh- D.I.B. Anderson Farm dows, elaborate interior woodwork of borhood. The original section of the Ford House oak and curly maple, and five chimneys building was constructed in the Roman- Brown Building with stylized brickwork. (1/12/1984) esque Revival style of architecture. His- Representing a unique example of toric additions, including one construct- Harner Homestead Morgantown architect Elmer F. Jacobs’ The Dering Building ed with funds from the Public Works The c.1852 Harner Homestead is an eclectic style, the c. 1898 Brown Building This three-story Romanesque Revival Administration, provided space for the I-house with a rear ell addition. The features polychromatic brick detailing. style commercial building was designed growing population in the first decades house features Classical Revival style The building is closely associated with by Elmer F. Jacobs and built in 1896. of the 20th century. (8/25/2004) details, such as a full-height, two-sto- the commercial and financial develop- The first story features two store fronts ry entry porch with paired, two-tiered ment of the county from 1900 to 1925. with recessed entrances. The second and columns and a symmetrical facade. Its Greenmont Historic District original occupants, the Harner family, Associated with the banking industry third floors were originally devoted to This district is primarily residential, but were early landowners and farmers in from 1907 until the Great Depression, grain storage for the horses that made there are clusters of commercial build- the Morgantown area. (1/12/1982) when it was owned by the John James up Morgantown’s transportation system. ings on Brockway, Decker, and Wilson 178 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 179

It opened 68 years after the universi- south facade. A turret located to the left ers to and from the city. Warehouses ty was founded. The Charleston firm, of the clock tower is topped by a conical naturally developed near these trans- Warne, Tucker, and Silling, designed roof with dentils under the eaves. The portation links and a small residential the four-story red brick building with building’s polychromatic exterior of red area. This working class neighborhood Neoclassical Revival features so that it brick with cut stone arches and win- includes brick warehouses, businesses, would blend in with other buildings on dow frames also exemplifies the style. and a small pocket of residential homes campus. Its E-shaped plan, however, is (7/8/1985) from the late 19th to early 20th century. unusual for the university. West Virginia (12/16/1998) University Historic Properties (2/5/1990) Elizabeth Moore Hall This building was constructed to serve Metropolitan Theater as West Virginia University’s women’s Metropolitan Theater Hailed as “West Virginia’s most beauti- physical education building. It was com- ful playhouse” when it opened on July pleted and dedicated in 1928 after a long Kern’s Fort 24, 1924, the first performance featured campaign by the West Virginia Chapter This one-story log house with an attic seven vaudeville acts from the B.F. Keith of the American Association of Univer- loft was constructed in 1772. Associat- Amusement Company. Stage shows, si- sity Women to provide a building and ed with the original settlement of what lent film, big band orchestras, individual facilities especially for women students. was to become Morgantown, Kern’s Fort performers and community productions The Georgian Revival building features was used for defensive purposes during have filled the auditorium. The building a two-story, columned porch and a Dunmore’s War. At the beginning of the features Neoclassical Revival details with side-gable roof with a series of gabled Oglebay Hall war, in 1774, Michael Kern is reported to fluted Ionic pilasters with egg and dart dormers. West Virginia University Neo- have built a stockade around the cabin, detail located on the main facade. “Met- classical Revival Buildings (12/19/1985) which aided the military in defending ropolitan” is inscribed in the frieze on Oglebay Hall against periodic Native American Indian top of the main facade. (1/12/1984) Morgantown Post Office Built in 1918 as West Virginia Universi- attacks. (4/9/1993) Covering an entire city block, the Mor- ty’s agricultural building, Oglebay Hall Monongalia County Courthouse gantown Post Office is an imposing today represents the university’s heritage Kincaid and Arnett Feed and Constructed c. 1891, this courthouse Neoclassical Revival edifice with walls as a land-grant institution, established was the fourth on this site to serve as the of Indiana limestone. Reacting against for the study of agricultural sciences. Flour Building Although named for Earl S. Oglebay, This three-story brick warehouse, lo- headquarters of county government. The earlier, elaborate Victorian styles, Os- who had a large farm outside of Wheel- cated on the banks of the Monongahela two-story county courthouse represents car Wenderoth, supervising architect ing, funds for construction were raised River, has a standing seam tin roof and an eclectic example of the Romanesque for the U.S. Treasury Department, elsewhere. The building’s Neoclassical a stone foundation with a full basement. Revival style of architecture and features designed the smooth, symmetrical Revival architecture features a porti- Constructed c. 1904 to house the Kin- a five-story clock tower on its main building in 1914 with a projecting water co with massive Doric columns. West caid and Arnett Feed and Flour Compa- facade and a three-story tower on its table and cornice, massive Doric col- Virginia University Neoclassical Revival ny, the building was used to distribute umns, and wrought iron window grilles. Buildings (12/19/1985) many different types of feed, grain, and (3/28/1979) flour from local and out-of-state farm- ers and mills to the area’s residents. Morgantown Wharf and Old Stone House (7/21/1995) This two-story, random ashlar house was Warehouse Historic District built c. 1796. It served as a tavern, then Morgantown’s settlement is close- as a dwelling, pottery, tannery, church, ly linked to river and railroad traffic. Men’s Hall and tailor shop. In 1830, John Shackel- Completed in 1935, Men’s Hall was From 1847-1948, the wharf area was ford, a tanner by trade, organized the the first dormitory built for men on deeply involved in the transportation of first Methodist Church in Morgantown the West Virginia University campus. goods, industrial products, and travel- Morgantown Post Office and used the house as a meeting place 180 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 181

until a church could be completed. In ent-Teacher Association raised funds for more utilitarian Craftsman Bungalows house (c. 1854) represents the national 1935, the Morgantown Service League the construction of concrete front steps and mail-order houses. The district also movements of the late 19th century that converted it into a craft and thrift shop. as well as textbooks and playground includes Morgantown High School, advocated agricultural education and re- (12/27/1972) equipment. The school closed after the churches, and a few commercial build- search. These movements eventually led Brown vs. Board of Education decision ings. (7/23/1990) to the establishment of the land-grant Purinton House of 1954 ruled that segregated school sys- college system for agricultural education Purinton House served as the first tems were unconstitutional. It reopened Stalnaker Hall under the 1862 Morrill Act and the fed- on-campus home for West Virginia Uni- in the mid-1960s as an Instructional This building was constructed in 1918 eral funding of agricultural research and versity presidents. Designed by architect Materials Center and has also been used to address a shortage of housing on the development under the 1887 Hatch Act. J. Charles Fulton, the Neoclassical Reviv- for an elementary classroom annex. campus of West Virginia University due In 1899, the Vance farmstead and house al building was completed in 1904 and (7/28/1992) to the increased enrollment of women were acquired by West Virginia Uni- features a two-story, rounded portico as well as the influx of industrial work- versity for use as an experimental farm. with Ionic columns. The building stands Seneca Glass Company Building ers into Morgantown’s neighborhoods. Frederick Denton Fromme and Horace as a symbol of the school’s growth from Constructed in 1896, this small indus- Capable of housing 253 students, the Atwood were two of the first scientists an institution for the study of agriculture trial complex was the home of what was dormitory reached capacity soon after to reside at the farm. (11/21/1991) into a major university. West Virginia considered one of the finest hand-blown, World War I. In the 1930s, federal funds University Neoclassical Revival Buildings hand-cut, and etched-lead glass facto- were used to construct additions onto (12/19/1985) ries. During its early decades, most of the northern and southern ends of the the skilled workers came from France, building. The large Neoclassical Revival Rogers House Belgium, and Germany. This fostered the style building features a two-story, ped- The Rogers were development of a closely-knit commu- imented portico with Corinthian col- early settlers of nity around the factory which became umns. West Virginia University Neoclas- Morgantown who known as Seneca. (12/19/1985) sical Revival Buildings (12/19/1985) helped shape and develop the town South Park Historic District University Library (Stewart Hall) with saw, grist, Encompassing 88 acres, this large, Construction of University Library in and paper mills. residential district includes buildings 1903 was a result of the growth of stu- Alexander Wade House Their house, con- dating primarily to the early-to-mid dent enrollment and expansion of Uni- th Rogers House structed c. 1857, 20 century. One of Morgantown’s first versity programs. The building exhibits was the first to be suburbs, the district contains sever- typical hallmarks of the Romanesque Alexander Wade House built outside of Morgantown’s original al 19th century row houses and a rich Revival style with its walls of rock- Alexander C. Wade, public education city limits. The two-story brick house variety of post-Victorian architectural faced Amherst sandstone, semi-circular pioneer, purchased this house in 1872 boasts a five-bay symmetrical facade, domestic styles including American arches, and 60-foot tall corner tower. and lived there until his death in 1904. a one-story front porch with four sets and English revival houses as well as the After the construction of Wise Library, As a teacher and superintendent of of triple wooden Tuscan columns, and the building was renovated for adminis- schools in Monongalia County, Alex- sidelights and transom surrounding the trative purposes in 1931 and renamed in ander Wade was responsible for de- front door. (12/4/1984) the 1970s to honor University President veloping and popularizing the graded Irvin Stewart. (6/25/1979) system of public schools still used today. (10/15/1966; National Historic Land- Second Ward Negro Elementary mark 12/21/1965) School Vance Farmhouse Constructed in 1938 with Works Prog- Addison Vance, a successful Morgan- ress Administration funding, the school town businessman and farmer, report- Walters Residence Built in 1901 when Morgantown was was important to Morgantown’s Af- edly established his farm to conduct just beginning to expand beyond its rican American community. The Par- South Park Historic District agricultural experiments. His farm- original boundaries, the Walters Res- 182 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 183

Woodburn Female Seminary, whose construction. The surrounding land also grounds were donated to the state in retains the original landscape design. order to locate the state agricultural Coopers Rock State Forest Historic Re- college there. The high-style brick build- sources (5/15/1991) ings display elements of Second Empire, Romanesque Revival, and Colonial Re- Easton Roller Mill vival architecture. Featured in the circle Built c. 1870 with steam driven burr is the clock tower of Woodburn Hall. stones, the mill processed grain from (12/4/1974) surrounding farms for sale in Morgan- town. In 1894, new roller-type gradual Morgantown Vicinity reduction grinding machinery replaced the original stone burrs. The mill con- tinued in use until 1930 with a brief Camp Rhododendron reopening in 1939. (12/19/1978) Purchased by the state of West Virginia in 1936 from a local timber company, Coopers Rock State Forest contains Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs numerous resources constructed by Carved into a smooth outcrop of Graf- Woodburn Circle members of the Civilian Conservation ton sandstone, the Hamilton Farm Corps’ Camp Rhododendron during the Petroglyphs offer a glimpse of prehis- idence reflects a period of wealth that Women’s Christian Temperance years 1936-1942. Some of the resources toric artistry. The carvings were first existed in a downtown neighborhood. Union Community Building include an administration building, staff exposed in the early 1800s when plowing This two-story brick Queen Anne house Built c. 1922, this Neoclassical build- residence, trails, pavilions, and a scenic activity removed the layer of grass and sits on a foundation of rusticated stone ing was the focal point for many hu- overlook, along with numerous land- soil that covered the petroglyphs. The laid in an ashlar pattern and has a hip manitarian projects such as women’s scaping elements. All structures retain designs were studied and sketched by J. and cross-gable roof. Included among its suffrage, health and education, and their original rustic style architecture. Sutton Wall in 1884 and again by James architectural features are a three-story prohibition. Prior to its construction, The buildings and other design elements L. Swauger of the Carnegie Museum in tower topped with a wrought-iron balus- the Morgantown chapter of the WCTU represent an integral part of the function 1961, but the origin of the art remains a trade, the use of varied building materi- raised funds for the 1908 Monongah of the park. Coopers Rock State Forest mystery. Both pecked and rubbed into als such as brick, stone, and wood, and mine disaster victims. It assisted with Historic Resources (5/15/1991) stone, the designs include bear and deer ornate woodwork and stained glass on education projects for the city’s growing tracks, human hands and feet, a spiral, the building’s interior. (8/18/1983) human figures, a snake, and other ani- immigrant population. The organization Coopers Rock State Forest was active in World War II efforts such mal representations. (8/7/1974) Waitman T. Willey House as Red Cross drives and bond rallies. Superintendent’s House and Once the residence of Waitman T. (10/30/1985) Garage Willey, lawyer, orator and one of West This house was constructed in 1938 by Virginia’s first two U.S. Senators, this members of the Civilian Conservation Woodburn Circle Corps’ Camp Rhododendron for the brick c. 1840 residence is dominated by As the oldest buildings on the campus, forest superintendent. The house is a dominating Greek Revival temple front Martin (1870), Woodburn (1876), and symmetrical in composition, two sto- facade. Willey is known for his contribu- Chitwood (1893) Halls serve as the ries high, and is constructed entirely of tions to statehood. His Willey Amend- geographic center of the university and round logs. Adjacent to the main house ment in 1862 described the procedure symbols of its historical importance as is a single-story garage of similar con- to free slaves within the counties that the state’s land grant institution. Ar- struction. The house retains its original later joined the Union as West Virginia. ranged in a U-shape at the crest of a rustic architecture and has undergone Coopers Rock State Forest Superintendent’s (4/15/1982) hill, the buildings occupy the site of the very little change since its original House and Garage 184 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 185

National Historic Landmarks Differing from the National Register of Historic Places, which lists properties of local, state, and national significance, a property’s designation as a National Historic Landmark qualifies it as nationally significant, while possessing a high level of historic integrity. Each National 3 8 Historic Landmark, or NHL, represents an outstanding aspect of American history and culture. Wheeling 15 West Virginia has fifteen extant National Historic Landmarks. Mother Jones’ Prison in Kanawha 14 County and the Elkins Coal and Coke Company Historic District in Preston County are 6 demolished. Morgantown Old Main on Bethany College’s campus reflects the mid-19th 12 century establishment of an educational institution by the 2 Disciples of Christ. Constructed in 1858-71, the building is Martinsburg 11 dominated by a clock tower that rises 140 feet above the 1 hillside in Brooke County. The founder, Alexander Campbell, believed that the college location must be entirely rural 13 detached from external society; no doubt so that the student 5 could focus on educational pursuits. When the college was founded in 1840 there were only approximately 100 colleges in the United States. Campbell’s home is also a National Historic 4 Landmark. It is located near the college. Huntington Charleston 9 The Greenbrier, Greenbrier County Moving to another rural setting, the Reber Radio Telescope is located at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, Pocahontas County. The first parabolic antenna constructed specifically for radio astronomy, the telescope was designed and built by Grote Reber in 1937 for his personal use in conducting research. He confirmed Karl Jansky’s conclusion that the Milky Way is a source or radio radiation and in 1944 published the first contour maps of radio brightness of the Milky 10 Beckley 1. Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church (International Way. The telescope was built in Reber’s backyard in Wheaton, Illinois. It moved several times 7 Mother’s Day Shrine), Taylor County before it was reassembled under Reber’s supervision at Green Bank. 2. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops, With changing attitudes toward the Berkeley County mentally ill in the early 19th century, 3. Campbell Mansion, Brooke County Bluefield Virginia authorized the construction 4. Clover Archaeological Site, Cabell County (address of the Lunatic Asylum West of the restricted) Alleghany Mountains (Weston State 5. Davis and Elkins Historic District, Randolph County Hospital). The construction followed 6. Grave Creek Mound, Marshall County the “Kirkbride Plan,” locating it in a 7. Matewan Historic District, Mingo County rural area away from cities. Architect 8. Old Main, Bethany College, Brooke County Richard Snowden Andrews designed 9. Reber Radio Telescope, National Radio Astronomy the massive main building that was Observatory, Pocahontas County intended to be the largest hand- 10. The Greenbrier, Greenbrier County cut stone building in the nation. 11. Traveller’s Rest, Jefferson County Weston State Hospital, Lewis County Construction began in 1858 and 12. Alexander Wade House, Monongalia County was completed in the early 1880s. A 13. Weston State Hospital, Lewis County portion of the hospital opened to patients in 1864. The facility was self-sufficient with a farm 14. West Virginia Independence Hall, Ohio County and cemetery located on the grounds. The hospital closed in 1994. 15. Wheeling Suspension Bridge, Ohio County 186 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 187

Lynch Chapel siding that is notable for its overhanging Monroe County Italianate, Queen Anne, and Art Deco. United loft. (12/7/1984) (11/12/1993) Methodist Alderson Church Westover Alderson Vicinity This church was constructed in St. Mary’s Orthodox Church (St. Alderson Bridge Sunset Hill 1902 and rep- (also in Greenbrier County) “Sunset Hill,” constructed in 1880, was Michael the Archangel Church) The Alderson Bridge stretches from the resents the Late Constructed in 1923, this yellow brick the home of George Alderson, Sr., a commercial area of Alderson, located Gothic Revival church reflects the ethnic heritage of local farmer, businessman, and politi- in Monroe County, to County Route 3 style of architec- immigrants from Eastern Europe who cian associated with Lynch Chapel United Methodist Church on the north side of ture adapted to settled in northern West Virginia around the establishment of the Greenbrier River in rural America. 1900. Originating from the Carpathi- Alderson. His daughter, Greenbrier County. Af- Elements of the style exhibited by Lynch an mountain area between Poland and Emma Alderson, was ter the first bridge was Chapel include the pointed arched Czechoslovakia and from Ruthenia in the driving force behind determined to be un- windows and restrained use of detail. the western Ukraine, the early congre- the establishment of safe, the town of Alder- (11/15/2006) gation built their church in a Byzantine the Alderson Academy son petitioned Monroe Revival style of architecture. St. Mary’s and its principal for and Greenbrier Coun- features gold-leaf round or “onion” many years. The school Pentress Vicinity ties to construct a new domes, semicircular arches with key- was connected to the bridge. What resulted Sunset Hill stones above the windows, semicircular Baptist denomination. Mason and Dixon Survey was a multi-span bridge transoms above the main entrances, This educational facility constructed of reinforced concrete. It Terminal Point and decorative corbels in a blank arcade operated in Alderson between 1901 and was constructed in 1915 and designed The stone marker, placed in 1883, marks pattern. (2/3/1988) 1932, serving a large student population. the 1767 terminal point established by by Frank Duff McEnteer of the Concrete (7/14/2000) Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon Steel Bridge Company. (12/4/1991) which served as the boundary between Greenville Vicinity Pennsylvania, (West) Virginia, Mary- Alderson Historic District land, and Delaware. The Mason Dixon (also in Greenbrier County) Line is the traditional dividing line be- Although the Alderson Ferry was es- Cook’s Mill tween the North and South. (6/25/1973) tablished in 1789, Alderson remained a Cook’s Mill was built by Jacob Cook, Jr. small farming and residential communi- in 1857 on the original foundation of Smithtown ty until the arrival of the C&O Railroad an earlier mill constructed in the 1790s. in the 1870s. By 1877 there were 60 The property surrounding this mill in- houses and 400 residents. The business cludes the dam, mill pond, tail race and Old Watson Homestead House district grew as well during this time stream, and consists of three and a half Ancestral home of the Watson coal fam- period with banks, hotels, and general acres. The mill was an important part of ily of Marion County, this unique blend stores creating a center of commerce. the community and served as a gather- of Federal and Italianate architectural The district is associated with several ing place. Construction elements include styles is significant as one of the coun- significant individuals including I.T. massive hand-hewn, mortise and tenon ty’s oldest and finest residences. The Mann, Edwin Mann, James Mann, John posts and beams. (2/6/1989) original home dates to c.1803. An addi- Alderson, and “Uncle” George Alder- tion featuring Italianate elements was son. This district also displays several Miller-Pence Farm completed between 1856 and 1859. Also architectural styles popular in the late The Miller-Pence Farm property was included on the property is a carriage St. Mary’s Orthodox Chursh (St. Michael the 19th and early 20th centuries including originally settled in the 1770s by John house constructed of weatherboard Archangel Church) 188 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 189

Patton Vicinity Salt Sulphur Springs Vicinity Nickell Homestead and Mill The Nickell Mill was constructed in 1814 by James Albert Nickell who also Indian Creek Covered Bridge In 1898 teenage brothers, Oscar and Ray farmed the property. Around the same Weikel, were awarded a contract to set time, or shortly thereafter, the original up their own sawmill along Indian Creek section of the house was constructed of and prepare all the materials for con- brick in the Federal style of architecture. struction of the Indian Creek Covered Two additions to the house in 1858 and Old Sweet Springs Bridge with exception of the iron rods, c.1900 represent his descendants’ con- nails, and shingles. Measuring 14 by 50 in the building, including the Midget tinued prosperity. The Nickell family feet, the bridge is a single-span, modi- Marvel Flour Mill, which was installed operated the grist mill until 1949, sup- Miller-Pence Farm fied Howe truss structure that rests on sometime before 1920. Many pieces of plying both Monroe and nearby Green- limestone abutments. In 1929, U.S. 219 equipment from the Fitz and Company brier Counties. (12/15/1998) Miller, Sr. who constructed a log strong was diverted around the bridge. Covered of Springfield, Ohio are still in opera- house which now forms the nucleus of Bridges of West Virginia (5/1/1975) tion. (4/9/1993) a later corn crib. The property was later Raines Corner Vicinity purchased by Henry Pence who con- McNeer House Spring Valley Farm (Richard structed the large brick, Federal-style Wallace Estill Sr. House The McNeer House was constructed Dickson Farm) house in 1828. His heirs subsequently The three-bay, rubble stone section of by builder, E. Grier Kendell, for Lewis The original building on Spring Valley constructed several additions, as well the Wallace Estill House was built in Caperton McNeer in 1919. The house Farm was a modest log cabin construct- as various outbuildings, to support th 1773 when Estill moved to the area with displays elements of both the Colonial ed in the late 18 century by John Knox. their growing families and flourishing his wife and children. The house’s 18 Revival and Neoclassical Revival ar- After purchasing the property in 1834, agricultural operation. The property inch thick walls served as protection chitectural styles and features a large Richard Dickson constructed a large, also includes several additional histor- during raids. His son, Isaac, constructed two-story portico supported by massive two-story frame house, with the original ic resources including two schools, a the two-bay, frame addition in the early Tuscan columns. The house is divid- log cabin serving as the dining room. lime kiln, several barns, and a cemetery. th 19 century. (4/9/1984) ed into a rectangular formal front and The new and improved farming methods (9/28/2006) a rear service area which features a used by the Dicksons served as a mod- two-story, U-shaped wing. The unusu- el for other area farms. The property Lillydale Vicinity ally large entrance hall has often been also served as a guest house and stage used as a small ballroom. All the rooms stop in the early turnpike development Laurel Creek Covered Bridge in the house are decorated with wain- of the area. Spring Valley Farm also Laurel Creek Covered Bridge was con- scoting and the woodwork is oak, except includes a number of farm outbuild- structed in 1911 by Lewis Miller, who the library, which is native black walnut. ings. (12/30/1974; Boundary Increase built the stone abutments, and Robert The lumber was cut from trees on the 7/16/1992) Arnott, who constructed the superstruc- original property. (4/26/1991) ture. Built of seasoned oak timbers, the Sweet Springs bridge has wood siding and the roof Second Creek Vicinity originally had chestnut shakes. The 13 Old Sweet Springs foot by 24 foot bridge was constructed Reed’s Mill Considered to be one of America’s for a cost of $365 and is the smallest Reed’s Mill was constructed in 1791 by oldest mineral water resorts, Old Sweet covered bridge in the state. West Virgin- Archiball McDowell. Significant exam- Springs was a popular vacation destina- ia Covered Bridges (6/4/1982) th th Wallace Estill Sr. House ples of the mill machinery are housed tion in the late 18 and early 19 century 190 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 191

for the health of the leisure class. Orig- be the oldest Catholic church building in Architectural features include four large inating in c. 1783 when William Lewis West Virginia. (4/26/1991) columns supporting a classic pediment first built a series of log cabins to pro- with a center fanlight, carved triglyphs mote the area, the resort eventually grew Union located on the cornice and pediment, to include the Grand Hotel Building and heavy entablature. Caperton, a (1838) constructed in the Jeffersonian Virginia State Legislator, also served as a style. The property also included several Brigadier General John Echols representative to the United States Con- guest cottages, a ballroom building, a House gress from 1813 to 1815. (5/13/1976) large brick bathhouse, and slave cot- The General John Echols House was tages. The resort was purchased by the built in 1845 by John W. Lanius in the Hillcrest (Clarence Campbell state in 1941 and served as the Andrew Greek Revival style of architecture. Echols, who resided in the house from Byrnside-Beirne-Johnson House (Willowbrook) House) Rowan Memorial Home for the elderly Hillcrest was constructed in 1907 for 1848 to 1865, was a lawyer, orator and until the 1990s. (1/26/1970) pector and active local businessman. Clarence Campbell and his new wife statesman. During the Civil War, he or- In the early 1800s, Byrnside’s grandson Ella. The Campbell family became prom- ganized the Monroe Guards and served Sweet Springs Vicinity constructed an addition, creating a dog- inent in the area after opening a saw mill in the Stonewall Brigade of the Confed- trot style house. In 1855, the property in nearby Pickaway and building several erate Army, eventually attaining the rank was purchased by Christopher Beirne of Union’s houses, churches, and busi- Lynnside Historic District of Brigadier General. (6/27/1985) who remodeled the house in the Gothic Lynnside, a large brick Greek Reviv- nesses. The property includes the Queen Revival style. The farm was purchased al house, was constructed in 1845 by Anne style house that features a large Union Historic District Caleb Lon Johnson in 1869. The John- William Lynn Lewis, grandson of locally corner tower and a number of outbuild- Situated along historic turnpikes, Union sons had important ties in local educa- prominent William Lewis and son-in- ings. (7/21/1995) served as an important trade center for tion. (12/2/1993) law to two-term Virginia Governor, the surrounding farms in the 19th and John Floyd. In addition to a number of early 20th centuries. The Monroe County Pickaway Rural Historic District William Gaston Caperton, Jr. The Pickaway Rural Historic District is agricultural outbuildings, the district Confederate Monument is a prominent made up of a collection of farms sur- also includes three cemeteries and St. feature just before one enters downtown House (Wyndridge) This Greek Revival residence was built rounding the village of Pickaway. There John’s Catholic Chapel. The church was from the north. Prominent in the district by William Gaston Caperton, Jr. in 1872. is a broad selection of buildings dating established by the Lewis family and may are the Monroe County Courthouse, a His daughter Rose Caperton oversaw from the log homes of the 1790s to early commercial section, and several church- the farm for much of the 20th century. 20th century housing. Many of the Folk es. Other notable features include rock The woodwork is native black walnut cut Victorian farmhouses are late 19th cen- retaining walls, wrought iron fences, and from the property. The window, door- tury and show a similarity in construc- numerous small barns. Union is also as- way and fireplace surrounds are studded tion. Historically, much of the farmland sociated with Matthew W. Clair, Sr., one with small one inch black walnut plugs. of the nation’s first African American There are several adjacent buildings on Methodist bishops, who was born and this property which include two-sto- raised in the town. (12/6/1990) ry 18th century log buildings, a log ice house, log smoke house and a late 19th Union Vicinity century carriage shed. (11/21/1991)

Byrnside-Beirne-Johnson House Elmwood (Hugh Caperton (Willowbrook) House) The original section of the house, a log Hugh Caperton built his two-story, c. fort building, was constructed c.1770 1835 Greek Revival house with hand- Lynnside Historic District by pioneer James Byrnside, a land pros- made bricks and timber from his land. Elmwood (Hugh Caperton House) 192 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 193

has been used as pastures for cattle and N. Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon House is an example of Queen Anne ar- horse breeding. Pickaway is the site of Bonaparte. (10/31/1985) chitecture in its simplest form. Located the West Virginia’s first “Corn Clubs” on a steep lot, the property includes an which evolved into the current state 4-H Walnut Grove (Andrew Beirne outbuilding that may have been used for program. (3/5/1999) House) smoking meats. Gingerbread scroll work This rambling two-story dwelling is present in the wooden balustrade that Rehoboth Church evolved over a period of 50 years. The links the porch posts and a vine-like Constructed c. 1785, Rehoboth Church original two-story log house, now en- wooden verge-board is present along the served as the first permanent home for closed within the north-south wing, was porch eaves. The house was originally Berkeley Springs State Park the growing congregation of the Meth- constructed c. 1783 by Michael Erskine, built by newspaper editor Clarence Hov- odist Society. One of a few remaining ermale and was sold to banker/lawyer Jr., an early settler. The remaining addi- in 1915 to replace a smaller station, the log churches, Rehoboth’s rough-hewn Allen W. Mendenhall in the early 1890s. tions and alterations were built under brick Mission style Berkeley Springs sturdiness and simplicity reflect the The use of brick during its original con- the direction of Andrew Bierne, a prom- Train Depot stands as a reminder of the frontier atmosphere in which the church th struction makes the house particularly inent local businessman and politician town’s early 20 century development as was built. In 1960, by the action of the noteworthy. (5/2/2003) who purchased the property in 1825. a center of local industry and tourism. General Conference of the United Meth- His service to the community includes Berkeley Springs grew rapidly after the odist Church, Rehoboth Church was building the local grist mill, working on construction of the Berkeley Springs Sloat-Horn-Rossell House (The designated one of ten Methodist Shrines three turnpike commissions, and serving Branch of the B&O. By the end of pas- Manor) in America. (12/31/1974) as a member of the Virginia House of senger service in 1935, the town was Known locally as “The Manor,” this Sec- Delegates and twice as a United States firmly established as a tourist destina- ond Empire-style home has two stories Salt Sulphur Springs Historic Congressman. (8/22/1977) tion and as a center for canning, logging, with a slate covered mansard roof and District and manufacturing. (3/23/2001) board and batten siding. Built in 1879 Old Salt Sulphur Springs Resort, or “Old by the Hunter family, local businessman Morgan County Alexander T. Sloat occupied the house Salt,” survives as one of the largest native T.H.B. Dawson House until his retirement in 1883. B.F. Horn, stone pre-Civil War complex of build- The Dawson House is a large, red brick th a tannery owner and railroad promot- ings in West Virginia. Five other build- Bath (Berkeley Springs) Italianate-style 19 century residence er, owned the house into the early 20th ings are of rubble limestone construc- that was planned and built in 1880 by th century. In 1923, members of the Hunter tion. Many 19 century guests came to local builders H.H. and J.W. Hunter. The Berkeley Springs State Park family purchased the home, operat- take the cure as the spring waters were use of turned, sawn and open- work This concentration of buildings and ing it as a guesthouse for twenty years. commonly believed to possess medicinal woodwork as Italianate decorative benefits. Some notable visitors to this structures centering on the mineral (8/23/1984) springs once formed the core of a spa features of the windows, doors and area included President Van Buren, Gov- verandas is impressive. Gothic details ernor John Floyd of Virginia, and Jerome and attracted some of the highest of- ficials and socialites beginning in the are evident in the steep cross gable 1780s. George Washington and his dominating the building’s front elevation brother, Lawrence, visited several times. and in the wooden screen of quatrefoils The 18th century buildings are believed decorating the eaves of the veranda on to have been constructed by James Rum- the north side of the house. The original sey, a builder and inventor who was a pi- owner of this home was T.H.B. Dawson, oneer in steam propulsion of boats. The a native of the community who attained complex is now a state park and open to prominence in community service and visitors. (5/24/1976) business affairs. (2/10/1983)

Clarence Hovermale House Salt Sulphur Springs Historic District Berkeley Springs Train Depot Clarence Hovermale House Built by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Built in 1884, the Clarence Hovermale 194 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 195

Samuel Taylor Suit Cottage The town’s reputation as an early tourist ect was launched November 7, 1823 to Stotlers Crossroads (Berkeley Castle) destination spurred community devel- improve the navigation of the Potomac Vicinity Berkeley Castle was constructed for opment and a design was set forth for River. The original plan for the canal was Colonel Samuel Taylor Suit and his a small community, set up in a grid- to reach the Ohio River but through a wife, Rosa Pelham Suit. It is a two-story like pattern, surrounding the springs. change of plans, the canal eventually fol- Ambrose Chapel building of solid masonry positioned (4/23/2009) lowed the West Virginia line from Cum- Ambrose Chapel is a small one-room against a hillside. The coursed rock- berland to Harpers Ferry, a distance of frame building with two front doors. faced stone was Judge John W. Wright Cottage over 100 miles. Although it is located on Built in 1851 as the second church on quarried locally (Wisteria Cottage) the opposite side of the Potomac River, the site, this style was popular in both and carried to Overlooking the downtown area of it passes the counties of Mineral, Hamp­ Methodist and United Brethren denom- the building site. Berkeley Springs, this board and batten shire, Morgan, Berkeley and Jefferson inations. The land was originally owned Dominating the Italianate cottage interprets the town’s on its way to the Georgetown Tidewater. by William Henry Ambrose who set southeast facade past as a vacation retreat. Judge John W. Construction on the canal started with a aside one acre for a free meeting house is a three-sto- Wright, appointed to the U.S. Court of million-dollar appropriation from Con- and cemetery. A second small parcel was ry round tower Appeals by President Abraham Lincoln, gress. By 1833, the Canal had reached given by his family. The cemetery on the with rectangular built the house as a vacation home in Harpers Ferry and in 1850, Cumberland, property has burials from 1839 to the window openings 1872. He and his wife, Mary, moved per- Maryland. About this same time the 1950s. The building was used as a mili- at the first and manently to the cottage after his retire- Baltimore & Ohio Railroad was under tary hospital during Stonewall Jackson’s second levels and ment in 1883, remaining there until the construction and the rivalry between Bath Campaign. (12/15/1998) circular openings mid-1890s. As the common name of the the canal and the railroad was intense. at the third. Fif- cottage implies, wisteria grows in abun- At one point, the Chesapeake & Ohio teen major rooms dance around the property. (4/28/1986) halted all railroad track laying at Point Nicholas County of the interior are of Rocks for an entire year. Although furnished with Bath (Berkeley Springs) speed on the canal was only 9 miles per Craigsville Vicinity Victorian furni- hour, it was inexpensive transporta- Samuel Taylor Suit House ture. Tradition Vicinity tion. The canal was abandoned in 1925. (Berkeley Castle) holds that noted (10/15/1966) Beaver Mill Constructed in 1852, the Beaver Mill sits architect A. B. Mullet sketched a plan John Herbert Quick House adjacent to Beaver Creek and is the last of the castle for Col. Suit on a menu or Western Maryland Railroad (Coolfont) known example of a water-powered grist tablecloth at the Berkeley Springs Hotel. Located four miles south of the town of Right-of-Way mill in Nicholas County. The flour mill is (11/28/1980) The 34-mile abandoned section of the Bath (Berkeley Springs), “Coolfont” is a a mortise and tenon, timber frame build- Western Maryland Railway, acquired significant example of the Colonial Re- ing with wood siding. Milling equipment by the U.S. for the Chesapeake & Ohio Town of Bath Historic District vival style with a stucco facade. Built by was updated in 1872 and 1895. The mill Canal National Historical Park, has The Town of Bath, commonly known as celebrated author, social reformer and operated until 1932. (7/25/2001) Berkeley Springs, is significant for the editor, John Herbert Quick, the mansion regional significance as a protected variety of architecture found throughout and grounds served as his home from remnant of one of the last major phases the district as well as the town’s history 1913 until his death in 1928. (8/23/1984) of trans-Allegheny railroad expansion in as an early resort centered on the city’s the early 20th century. The engineering mineral springs. The springs, or “baths,” sophistication of this line is most dra- were used first by Native Americans Harpers Ferry Vicinity matically illustrated by the six Potomac and later by George Washington who River bridges and three tunnels within had surveyed the area as an apprentice. Chesapeake & Ohio Canal a 12-mile segment of the route. The Washington and many others frequent- National Historical Park line had a single track with occasional ed the springs and “took to the waters.” The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal proj- parallel sidings. (7/23/1981, additional documentation approved 12/22/2014) Beaver Mill 196 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 197

New Deal Resources In 1933, the Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) and other Federal programs were formed under President Franklin D. Roosevelt to alleviate unemployment while developing long-term natural resources and recreational opportunities for the American public. Hundreds of young men employed by New Deal relief programs were put to work in West Virginia’s parks and forest. Most worked for the CCC while the Works Progress Administration (WPA) also provided job opportunities. The CCC assisted in the construction of buildings and structures in the state parks. Under the supervision of the National Park Service, an approach to simple rustic architecture was Wheeling developed. The style of the buildings was harmonious with the natural setting. Guide books for construction of resources included overnight facilities, administrative and service buildings, fireplaces and brick and stone work. The Multiple Property Documentation Form for New Deal 5 Resources in West Virginia’s State Parks and Forests identified sixteen parks and forests that Morgantown 1 represent this mid-20th century program. Portions of Hawk’s Nest, Lost River, Watoga and Holly Martinsburg River State Parks are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Work is underway to list New Deal resources at the Cacapon Resort State Park, Greenbrier Forest, Kumbrabow State Forest, Babcock State Park, and Seneca State Forest. Other camps and complexes were established or expanded due to the involvement of 9 federal relief programs. Camp Caesar in Webster County benefited from the construction of a 10 swimming pool using Reconstruction Finance Corporation labor in 1933. Water and sewage 8 systems were installed for the camp. WPA projects included the construction of two stone cottages and one two-story log house. A National Youth Administration Resident Center was Huntington Charleston established by 1941 to assist in projects at the camp. 4 3 Camp Washington Carver was established in Fayette County as a 4-H Camp for African Americans. It was constructed by local manpower of the WPA from timber, stone and other 7 11 materials acquired and produced exclusively at the building site. The Assembly and Dining 6 Hall were constructed of native chestnut timber. The work required the skilled labor of three 2 stonemasons and seven carpenters. It was completed by the spring of 1942. Beckley The Homestead program aided those most impacted by 1. Arthurdale, Preston County the Great Depression. Championed by Eleanor Roosevelt, 2. Blue Bend Forest Camp, Greenbrier County Arthurdale in Preston County and the Tygart Valley in 3. Camp Caesar, Webster County Randolph County were established to provide a new Bluefield start for unemployed miners and their families. (The third 4. Camp Mad Anthony Wayne, Wayne County community, Eleanor in Putnam County, is not listed.) 5. Camp Rhododendron, Monongalia County Families in the distressed community of Scotts Run in Monongalia County moved to Arthurdale. In the Tygart 6. Camp Washington Carver, Fayette County Valley, three neighborhoods made up the resettlement 7. Hawk’s Nest State Park, Fayette County Arthurdale, Preston County community: Valley Bend, East Daily and Daily. Homes in Tygart Valley followed two basic forms: a barn house or 8. Holly River State Park, Webster County an A-frame. Community buildings were also established. 9. Lost River State Park, Hardy County The programs of the New Deal were established throughout West Virginia in its parks, camps 10. Tygart Valley Historic District, Randolph County and communities. These resources reflect an important part of our mid-20th history. 11. Watoga State Park, Pocahontas County 198 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 199

Drennen Vicinity numbers of his foe, Floyd slipped across renamed Richwood in 1900, the town county court sessions. At one time the the Gauley and retreated under cover grew because of its connection to the hotel included 21 guest rooms. After of darkness. Today, visitors may view booming early 20th century lumber leaving the hotel business around 1914, Mason-Drennen House remains of the Confederate trenches industry. The Cherry River Boom and the Brock family converted the hotel The original section of the Mason-Dren- and the restored Patterson house, which Lumber Company and its companion in- into a private dwelling. (7/9/1993) nen House was constructed in 1818 as stood between the Union and Confeder- dustries provided work and housing for a modest log house. The property was ate lines during the battle. (7/24/1974) much of the town’s growing population. purchased in 1832 by Jacob Drennen Dr. Falvius Brown House The historic district is composed of the who constructed The Dr. Flavius Brown House is a Neo- central business district and includes all the first addition Captain John J. Halstead Farm classical Revival style dwelling located of the historic concentration of down- shortly there- A veteran of the Civil War, Captain John near the commercial center of Sum- town commercial buildings. Commercial after. With the J. Halstead served with the Confederate mersville, the county seat. Dr. Brown applications of the Italianate, Roman- construction of cavalry and fought at the Battle of Car- was significant as the area’s first resident esque Revival, Colonial Revival, and Art the Weston and nifex Ferry. After purchasing the land in doctor, an important advance for a de- Deco styles predominate. Though some Gauley Bridge 1876, Halstead and his family built the veloping community. Dr. Brown’s house late-19th century buildings are represent- Turnpike near home and established themselves in the is likewise significant as a unique exam- ed, the majority were built during the the house in the community. The farm is an example of ple of a high-style residence in a town of Mason-Drennen House town’s boom period between 1900 and mid-19th centu- the local type of rural subsistence farm relatively humble housing stock. Built found in the county from the late 19th 1929. (7/25/2001) around 1925, the wooden-frame house ry, traffic increased and Drennen’s son, th Charles, established a tavern and min- and early 20 centuries. (12/15/1998) is sheathed in German siding, with a hip eral springs resort known as “Drennen Summersville roof and a two-story, Doric order front Springs Hotel.” The last addition was Lockwood portico. (1/7/2003) th constructed early in the 20 century, as Brock Hotel were several outbuildings. The property The Brock Hotel was constructed in Martin Hamilton House Lockwood Historic District The Hamilton house is a simple farm- was acquired by Martin “Bibb” Mason in Lockwood was settled in the late 1700s 1890 by Daniel Brock, a successful house typical of other farmhouses in 1921 who continued to run the inn and by the Morris family and is representa- businessman who once operated a ferry Nicholas County. Built by Martin Ham- retreat. (12/15/1998) tive of the early settlement of the county. across the Gauley River. The hotel was ilton in 1893, the farmhouse represents Located along a connecting route to the built on a 24-acre parcel Brock pur- his life as a subsistence farmer and its Kesslers Cross Lanes Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike, chased along the Weston and Gauley use by the immediate family until his the community had easy access to other Bridge Turnpike to serve travelers as Vicinity death in 1927. The house represents an areas of the state. After the Civil War, it well as Summersville visitors during important period in the county’s agricul- became a rural agrarian society with log tural history. (11/22/1999) Carnifex Ferry Battlefield houses and two commercial buildings. Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park The district also has one church and preserves the site of the September 10, cemetery. Locally, the area is noted for Nicholas County Bank 1861 struggle between forces of Confed- the grave sites of the Morris children The Nicholas County Bank is construct- erate General John B. Floyd and Union who were killed by Native Americans in ed of native Lower Gilbert Sandstone, Brigadier General William S. Rose- 1792. (12/16/1998) with a prominent Neo-Classical facade. crans. After defeating a force of Union Established in 1900, it was the first bank troops at Cross Lanes, Floyd retreated Richwood in Summersville. By the 1920s, the town to a fortified position in a bend of the was booming with the growth of the Gauley River. Union forces attacked the local timber industry. A new building entrenchments from afternoon until Downtown Richwood Historic was constructed to handle the increase night, but failed to dislodge the Confed- District in business and the needs of the bank. erates. Upon learning of the superior Known as Cherry Tree Bottom until Brock Hotel Architect A. Stanley Miller of New York 200 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 201

furnished plans for the building. C.G. cisions in the circuit court and State Su- These triangular obelisks were placed Janutolo of Fayetteville, constructed the preme Court upheld the outcome of the Ohio County along the roadside to identify the route building. It is one of four downtown referendum, and construction began on of the National Road, the first federal buildings constructed of native sand- February 25, 1913. Charleston architect Dallas Vicinity highway across the United States. These stone. (11/2/2000) H. Rus Warne designed the new school. iron posts were cast in Brownsville, The largest stone building in Nicholas David Stewart Farm Pennsylvania in the 1830s and replaced Nicholas County Courthouse County, its random ashlar sandstone This 1812 house was built by James the earlier stone markers. Historic and In 1895, upon agreeing that the old- walls and restrained Renaissance Reviv- Stewart and his son David. The Federal Architectural Resources along the Na- er Nicholas County Courthouse was al design create a striking visual effect. style house was constructed of stone and tional Road in Ohio County, West Vir- structurally unsound, the county build- (3/27/1989) has double walls with airspace between ginia (2/11/1993) ing commission accepted the plans of the eight-inch thick stone walls. The architects F.E. and H.R. Davis of Bal- Summersville Vicinity land was farmed by the Stewarts until West Liberty timore, Maryland to design a $22,000 after the Civil War when it passed into Neoclassical Revival building. Fouse and other hands, and was eventually under Reich, contractors from Parkersburg, James B. Carden House Shaw Hall James B. Carden and his wife Marga- the ownership of William Buchanan Delayed by World War I, construction of were hired to undertake the duties of ret built the Carden House in 1885 on who undertook major renovations c. Shaw Hall was complete in 1920. Neo- construction. The square building that the hillside behind the J.B. Carden and 1900. The property also includes a stone classical in style, the three-story brick resulted is a handsome design, two sto- Company store. James also maintained springhouse, corncrib, washhouse, and building has front and end facades dom- ries tall with rusticated stone walls. The a post office in the store and served as barn. It is also known as Rock Valley inated by two-story porticos with Ionic courthouse shares its lot with a stone postmaster for 42 years. Although the Farm. (5/29/1979) columns. (12/27/1996) jail built in 1911. Works Progress Ad- store has been demolished, the house ministration (WPA) funds financed an continues to reflect historic local build- Roney’s Point Vicinity expansion after county offices began to ing traditions with its decorative scroll- outgrow the original building. In 1940, work brackets and balustrades and Architect Levi J. Dean designed a rear Stone Tavern at Roney’s Point distinctive tongue-and-groove beaded wing inspired by the Art Deco style. This tavern was constructed as a stop- siding reflective of Folk Victorian style (8/16/1991) ping point along the National Road just architecture. (8/2/2001) after it was completed through the area Nicholas County High School in 1818. Italianate-style details were add- ed to the Federal style building in 1870 (Old Main) and additions constructed c. 1920. The Born out of controversy, the “Old Main” property also includes a section of the Shotwell Hall building stands as a reminder of the 1922 Stone House Auto Court built by state’s efforts to modernize education Shotwell Hall Frank Ehrhart. Billboards along the road in the early 20th century. Dr. Mor- This building was designed by architect, advertised individual baths and steam ris Shawkey, state superintendent of Frederick F. Faris, and completed in showers and each unit included a garage. schools, led an effort that resulted in the 1937 using Public Works Administration Historic and Architectural Resources establishment of over 100 high schools funds. The 2½ story Colonial Revival along the National Road in Ohio County, between 1909 and 1921. Inspired by building has broken pediments over West Virginia (2/11/1993) Shawkey’s offer of state aid, officials in the doorways, brick quoins, and lime- Nicholas County decided to create a stone details. It was named for Nathan school of their own. In a referendum, Triadelphia Vicinity Shotwell, the first president of the West county residents voted in favor of con- Liberty Academy. The building served struction, but progress came to a halt National Road Mile Markers, as the only male dormitory until 1964. (12/27/1996) when dissidents filed an injunction. De- Nicholas County High School Numbers 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 202 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 203

Wheeling served not only as a center of commer- Feay Inn cial activity, but also as an arena for Built as an inn in 1811, owners George political activity and rallies. On August Feay and his brother took advantage Cathedral Parish School 6, 1862, the market witnessed Francis The Cathedral Parish School was built in of its location even after the National H. Pierpont, governor of the Restored 1896 to serve as an educational facility Road was diverted to the other side of Government of West Virginia speak on for the Cathedral Parish of Wheeling. the creek. Constructed of fieldstone in issues associated with the Union War ef- Designed by the architectural firm of an I-house style, it has later Italianate fort secession and statehood (2/2/1975) Franzheim, Giesey, and Faris, the brick details. Historic and Architectural Re- building has a central bell tower and sources along the National Road in Ohio Gothic details in the windows and at the Chapline Street Row Historic Edemar (Stifel Fine Arts Center) County, West Virginia (2/11/1993) entrances. The school was enlarged in District until 1976 when the family deeded the 1937 with the addi- Representing the high style of Victori- Fischer-Lasch Farmhouse property to Oglebay Institutes as the tion of a gymnasium an architecture, the eight buildings in This farmhouse was built in 1884 by Stifel Fine Arts Center. Concerned with and additional class- this district were recognized for their Henry Fischer from brick fired on the fire, Edward W. Stifel, Sr. and his wife rooms. (1/9/1997) quality craftsmanship. The houses were property. It is an Italianate-style I-house built by successful business owners, Emily Pollock Stifel built the house as and features decorative brackets, a a fire-proof building using brick, steel Centre Market many of them who came to Wheeling symmetrical façade, and tall chimneys. as immigrants from Europe. One of I-beams, concrete block, and poured The farm was purchased by the Lasch Square Historic the best known is Henry Schmulbach, concrete. Architect Charles W. Bates family in 1932 and became the Hillwood District who left Germany as a child, and even- designed the Neoclassical style home Dairy Farm bringing cows from the This distinctive tually formed the Schmulbach Brew- and used red brick and terra cotta for Jacob Lasch homeplace in Elm Grove. neighborhood, ery. His home has his initials on the the façade. In homage to his German Fresh milk, cottage cheese and even egg which includes a doorway, which resemble a dollar sign. ancestry, Stifel commissioned stained nog were produced. Operation ended in combination of (1/12/1984) glass windows for his office which depict 1960. (7/21/1995) commercial, resi- a castle of the Hohenzollern family that dential, and insti- was located above the village of Neuffen. Cathedral Parish School East Wheeling Historic District Harry C. and Jessie F. Franzheim tutional buildings, Stifel was a prominent businessman as- As a center of cultural, religious, and is centered on the two market houses sociated with his family’s calico printing House th commercial growth in Wheeling during Built in 1897, the house is an excellent which date to the mid and late 19 and dyeing industry. He was instrumen- its early years, this district was home to example of Shingle-style architecture century. The district included a large tal in the development of Wheeling’s saloons, factories, grocers, blacksmiths, and is attributed to Harry’s brother immigrant population who came to fill airport, Stifel Field. (5/28/1992) and glass blowers, among many others. jobs in the local industries, creating an Edward Bates Franzheim, noted Wheel- It represents the historical development ethnically diverse neighborhood. The ing architect. The three-story residence of Wheeling from a brawling frontier Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge district includes various examples of faces Wheeling’s downtown across the town to an industrial city of worldwide This bridge was constructed in 1817 architectural styles popular at the time fame. This residential area is noted by Moses Shepherd who oversaw the including Italianate, Queen Anne, and for its many Italianate-style build- construction of the bridges along the Greek Revival. (1/12/1984; boundary ings, although it also includes Greek National Road. The bridge is uncoursed amendment 2/25/1987) Revival and Eastlake style buildings. limestone with three segmental arches (11/22/1999) totaling 208 feet in length. The bridge Centre Wheeling Market was altered with the removal of the par- Centre Wheeling Market includes two apets in 1931, and the placement of side- Edemar (Stifel Fine Arts Center) market houses, one designed by Thomas walks and concrete balustrade giving it a Named for the Stifel children – Edward, Pope in 1853 as an open market, and the width of 48 feet. The bridge was sprayed Emily and Mary – this was the family second brick Romanesque building in with gunite in 1958. (8/21/1981) home from its construction in 1910 1890 by Edward Franzheim. The market Harry C. and Jessie F. Franzheim House 204 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 205

main channel of the Ohio River. Har- access to the National Road until a near- Lang-Hess House ry was a partner in the G. Mendel and by highway exit in the 1960s altered its Built by Andrew J. Lang c. 1865, this Company furniture store while his wife course. The original homeowners were house is a fine exhibit of the stone ma- Jessie was involved in charities, especial- involved in major Wheeling businesses son’s craft. Lang owned a stone quarry ly the Ohio Valley Medical Center and such as steel, insurance, law, hardware, on the east side of Wheeling Creek, and St. John’s Episcopal Church. (3/27/1989) real estate, and banking. The hous- is often linked to the construction of es built by local architects reflect the the sandstone towers of the Wheeling Robert W. Hazlett House Shingle, Colonial Revival, Prairie, Tudor Suspension Bridge, completed in 1849. This brick house, designed by architect Revival and Bungalow styles of architec- In appearance, the house takes the form Edgar W. Wells in 1887, is an example of ture. (4/7/1993) of an Italianate city house with a flat roof and narrow windows. Fine, decorative the Second Empire style. The front-pro- Land-Hess House jecting bay is a distinctive feature of L.S. Good House touches, including the curvilinear ped- his work. Dr. Robert W. Hazlett began Lee Samuel Good was an immigrant iments over the windows, the vermicu- highlights the library. Built against the practice in the 1850s and served as a who arrived in Wheeling after 1873. He lated finish of the exterior walls, and the hillside reminiscent of a European villa, surgeon for the Union army during the owned a dry goods store that also sold large flowers carved into the frieze, lend the basement had a coal mine to fuel the Civil War. He was involved in the early carpets, oil cloths, and various house- a personalized feeling to common sty- furnace. (8/18/1983) oil and coal industries in the state, and hold items. He became a philanthropist, listic motifs of the time. Lang’s daughter later was involved in local banking. The and although most charitable gifts were Apollonia married into the Hess family John McLure House house was built for his retirement and anonymous, the twin lakes at Wheel- and the house became her son’s at her 203 South Front Street later was occupied by his son, Robert, ing Park bore his name. The house is a death. (3/22/2006) This house was associated with several who was a bridge engineer associated Neoclassical three-story red brick town- prominent Wheeling families in the 19th with Job Abbott. (5/2/1991) house constructed in 1904. The interior Henry K. List House century including the Zanes, Phillips, has a variety of woodwork, with maple Henry List commissioned a house in McLures, and Sands. It was constructed Highland Park Historic District and oak being heavily featured. An open 1858 to be built in the Romano-Tuscan in 1856 by Daniel Zane and originally The street car extension to Elm Grove three-story stairway is accented by mode of the Renaissance Revival style. presented elements of the Federal style. helped fuel the move to the suburbs in stained glass windows. The building was List, a prominent Wheeling business- During the ownership of the McLures, the late 1800s. Five local business men designed by architect Millard F. Giesey. man, was also well known as a philan- the house changed dramatically with the saw a need for new housing and pur- (11/28/1988) thropist who contributed generously addition of Classical and Greek Revival chased the Oliver Pryor farm in 1899 to charities in West Virginia and other influences. (8/5/1991) for development as “Highland Park.” La Belle Iron Works states. (10/4/1978) The street was a cul-de-sac with direct La Belle represents a period in history Monroe Street East Historic when manufacturers in the Wheeling Johnson Camden McKinley District area dominated the national cut nail House These six buildings are a blend of Greek industry. La Belle survived the “great This house was designed in 1914 by Revival and late 19th century Richardso- nail strike” of 1886 when the wire nail Fred Dempwolf of York, Pennsylvania nian Romanesque styles. The 1837 Prot- began to take over the market and the for coal owner and operator Johnson estant Episcopal church stands on a hill manufacture of the cut nail declined. Camden McKinley and his wife, Agra above the other buildings with a temple The three original 1852 brick Italianate Bennett McKinley. The home took the front and six large Doric columns. It is buildings are still an integral part of name “Willow Glen” after the willow the oldest church building in the city. the plant. The iron truss building, con- trees which shaded a nearby ravine. The (2/12/1980) structed in the mid-1890s, highlights the massive sandstone house was not fin- change in construction techniques that ished until 1920 with over thirty rooms, allowed large open expanses for factory Mount Woods Cemetery a two-story rotunda, and English style This cemetery is an excellent example of floors. (11/24/1997) La Belle Iron Works library. A Tiffany stained glass window the “rural cemetery” movement which 206 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 207

moved cemeteries to the city’s outskirts, new office building in the heart of down- Waddington Farm Mansion usually on hilltops with existing woods town Wheeling in 1896. (3/17/2015) (Oglebay Mansion Museum) and impressive views. Such cemeteries The original section of this Greek Re- were celebrated for their beauty and for Charles W. Russell House vival brick house was built by Hanson their usefulness as city parks. The Mt. This Greek Revival building, construct- and Elizabeth Chapline c. 1844. Sold in Woods Cemetery includes a collection ed in 1848, was the home and law office 1856 to George W. Smith a brewer, he of antebellum, Victorian-era, and early of Charles Russell, an attorney known enlarged the brick mansion and named th to mid-20 century funerary art, design for his defense in 1849 of the Wheeling the estate “Waddington Farm.” After and commemoration. (9/4/2013) and Belmont Bridge Company against his bankruptcy in 1864, the property the State of Pennsylvania regarding changed ownership four times. In 1900, National Road Corridor Historic the height of the Wheeling Suspension the house and 25 acres were purchased District Bridge. Russell later joined the Confed- by Earl W. Oglebay, an industrialist from This historic district includes those Riverside Iron Works Office Building erate Congress in Richmond in 1861. Cleveland. The house was transformed His home was used by General William into a Neoclassical Revival residence buildings facing National Road between offset with the high-styles of Italianate, Rosecrans for his Union headquar- by architectural firm Franzheim and Bethany Pike and Park View Lane, plus Queen Anne, Second Empire, and Clas- ters for the winter of that same year. Klieves. Land sold during Smith’s own- the three cul-de-sacs of Elmwood Place, sical Revival architecture. (12/9/1988; (11/12/1993) ership was reacquired and it became Oak Park, and Cecil Place. The corridor boundary amendment 1/17/2008) contains a variety of high style homes an early experimental farm in the state. built by Wheeling’s industrial class. Also Shepherd Hall (Monument Place) Oglebay helped establish agriculture included in the district are Wheeling H. C. Ogden House This Georgian style stone house was programs at Bethany College and West This home is associated with Herschel Park, Greenwood Cemetery, and Mt. built in 1798 for Moses Shepherd and Virginia University. Upon his death, the Coombs Ogden (1869-1943) who found- Calvary Cemetery. Historic and Archi- his wife, Lydia Boggs Shepherd. Moses estate was willed to the City of Wheeling ed Wheeling News in 1890. Considered tectural Resources along the National served as a road commissioner between as a city park. (8/29/1979) a crusading publisher, Ogden managed Road in Ohio County, West Virginia 1811 until completion of the Nation- his newspapers with creativity, cam- (2/11/1993) al Road in 1818 and was influential in paigning successfully for tax reform, Warwood Fire Station selecting Wheeling as a crossing point Fire Department No. 11, designed by ar- worker protection, and humanitarian over the Ohio River. To show their ap- chitect Millard F. Giesey, was completed legislation. The house was constructed preciation to Henry Clay, whose efforts in 1923, shortly after Warwood was in- in 1893 in the Queen Anne style and championed the National Road, the corporated into Wheeling. The building features a round tower with domed roof. Shepherds erected an elaborate stone represents the former community’s role (7/12/1990) monument to Clay on their property in in the “Greater Wheeling” movement of 1820, hence the name, Monument Place. the early 20th century. (5/2/1996) Riverside Iron Works Office (12/19/1970) Building Under the leadership of Frank J. Hearne, William Miles Tiernan House general manager, Riverside Iron Works This house was constructed in 1901 became one of the leading iron and steel for William Tiernan, vice-president of North Wheeling Historic District manufacturers in the Wheeling area in th Bloch Brother Tobacco Company. The the late 19 century. Often referred to as Georgian Revival red brick house has North Wheeling Historic District a pioneer of his trade, Hearne was one Neoclassical Revival style details. Ion- A section of this Victorian neighbor- of the first in the area to suggest the use ic columns, a decorative entablature, hood was laid out in 1792 by Ebenezer of steel, rather than iron, to make nails. dormers with festoons, and full centered Zane, followed by an addition in 1797 by After this highly successful transition, pediment are some of these features. Zane’s son Jonathan. The houses include and later as the first to make steel pipe, (3/25/1993) William Miles Tiernan House a variety of Federal style townhouses Riverside Iron Works constructed this 208 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 209

Wheeling Baltimore & Ohio Wheeling Historic District Railroad Passenger Station Transportation improvements in the th This passenger rail station was con- first half of the 19 century provided structed in the Beaux Arts style in 1908 the impetus for Wheeling to become and was designed by M.A. Long who a center of commerce, industry, and worked in the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- politics. During the economic heyday in road Office of Engineering. Though the latter half of the century and early th it served freight trains into the 1970s, 20 century, the central business district its last passenger train ran on June 30, blossomed with new construction. To- 1961. West Virginia Northern Commu- day the district includes a concentration nity College began using the building in of Neoclassical Revival, Romanesque 1975. (3/7/1979) Revival, and Italianate style buildings, among others popular at the time. Wheeling Island Historical District Wheeling Custom House (West (12/31/1979) warehouses were built within blocks of Woodsdale-Edgwood Neighbor- Virginia Independence Hall) the railroad. The district exhibits ar- This building was designed by architect Wheeling Island Historic District hood Historic District chitectural design and styles common Farms outside of the city began to be Ammi B. Young and constructed in 1859 Wheeling Island is situated in the chan- th th to the late 19 and early 20 centuries. developed around 1888 when floods to serve as a federal post office, custom nel of the Ohio River and includes the (12/16/2002) on the Ohio River and the extension of house, and courthouse for the Western diverse collection of high style mid- th the streetcar first led to suburbaniza- District of Virginia. In 1861, the Second to-late 19 century residential houses. Woodridge tion. The residential neighborhood was Wheeling Convention was held on the The community represents the influx of Woodridge was the home of two prom- a direct result of that suburbanization third floor and created the Reorganized suburbanization after the Wheeling Sus- inent citizens; Daniel Steenrod, a real and exhibits many architect-designed, Government of Virginia. The Italian Re- pension Bridge was completed in 1849. estate developer who was one of the high-style houses such as Queen Anne, naissance Revival building was unique at (4/2/1992; additional documentation driving forces behind the construction Colonial Revival, and Shingle. The the time of construction for its use of an 11/12/1997) of the National Road in northern West neighborhood also features a large interior wrought and cast iron support Wheeling Suspension Bridge Virginia, and his son Lewis Steenrod, an number of American Foursquare homes, system. (8/25/1970; National Historic esteemed lawyer and politician. Built in This wire suspension bridge designed some early apartment buildings, and Landmark 6/20/1989) 1831, Woodridge is an eclectic mix of by Charles Ellet, Jr. and spanning 1,010 four Lustron homes. Georgian, Federal, and Greek Revival feet, was built in 1849 as the first bridge (3/21/1997) styles of architecture. (7/6/2005) to cross the Ohio River. The bridge was part of the National Road, the country’s Wheeling Vicinity first Federal highway. Cables are sus- Robert C. Woods House This brick house was constructed c. pended between massive stone towers Carter Farm (Everbreeze) at either end with arched openings. 1840 and was later updated with Itali- anate features. It was home to Robert The Carter family acquired this 400- (10/15/1966; National Historic Land- acre farm in 1796 and lived in a log mark 5/15/1975) C. Woods, a county surveyor and real estate investor, until 1848. The house house for many years. The Greek Revival brick house was built by Richard Carter Wheeling Warehouse Historic was then owned by Jacob S. Rhodes who owned J.S. Rhodes & Co., one of the between 1848-1852, with much of the District largest dry goods businesses in Wheel- work being completed by D.W. Gibson, Development of the warehouse district ing. In 1865 the house was purchased by a Wheeling master carpenter. Also on in Wheeling is directly related to the Morgan Ott, co-owner of S. Ott, Son & the property is a log wool house built in arrival of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 1819, a detached kitchen, and one of the Wheeling Custom House (West Virginia Inde- Co., one of the city’s principal hardware pendence Hall) in 1852. Industry began to grow and dealers. (5/2/1991) only known slave quarters in the county. 210 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 211

mer Holloway House. Additional room was needed, however, to house more Pendleton County than 300 sisters of the order. Architect Bertrand Marlier drew up plans for a Brandywine Vicinity Motherhouse and chapel with “contem- porary treatments.” The Washington Old Probst Church Engineering and Construction Company The Old Probst Church congregation completed the building in the summer of was formed around 1760. It outgrew two 1956. (1/17/2008) log churches before the present one was built by German immigrants c. 1887. Re- Wheeling Country Club cords reveal that the congregation paid Old Probst Church (Stratford Springs) John Michael Probst, the church’s name- Mount St. Joseph Chartered in 1902, the Wheeling sake, five shillings for the land in 1769. classes is situated behind the school. The farm was named Everbreeze for its Country Club was “established for the The only embellishments on the simple, (11/9/1995) hilltop location which caught the wind. encouragement of athletic exercises rectangular church are four small cur- (8/18/1983) and sports, and the establishment and vilinear brackets at each corner under Franklin maintenance of places for reading rooms the eaves. Two small paneled doors open and social meetings.” In 1905 architect into the sanctuary, possibly indicating a Elm Hill Franklin Historic District Frederick F. Faris designed a clubhouse separation of the sexes during services. Elm Hill was constructed c. 1850 in Although established by the Virginia which reflected the Bungalow/Crafts- South Branch Valley MRA (1/14/1986) the Greek Revival style for Dr. John C. legislature in 1794, architecture in the man and Shingle styles. The three-story Campbell and his family. Campbell, a county seat town of Franklin reflects club included banquet rooms, ballroom th th lawyer and surgeon, served in the House Circleville the area’s late 19 and early 20 century and lodging rooms. As membership of Delegates of the Virginia Assembly in rise in prosperity. The dominant style in increased, additional buildings were the 1830s and represented Ohio County the residential section of town is Queen added to the complex, including a golf Circleville School in 1853-54. He served in the Civil War Anne, but several notable earlier build- professional’s residence, known as the Circleville School was built in 1937-1938 as a surgeon, but in 1862 he became ings, such as the Greek Revival William Franzheim Bungalow, the Pro and Caddy by the Works Progress Administration Judge Advocate for the Department of McCoy House, survive. Commercial House, and Servant’s Residence. The (WPA), replacing a 1929 building that West Virginia. (12/4/1991) buildings postdate the 1924 fire that Great Depression impacted the club was destroyed by fire. The loss caused destroyed a large portion of the busi- which declared bankruptcy in 1936 and the county to face new construction ness district. South Branch Valley MRA Mount Saint Joseph reorganized. (4/26/1990) at the height of the Great Depression. The Mount Saint Joseph property began The school board’s application for WPA (1/15/1986) as the Pogue Farm. While living in a funds came just as political pressure small cabin on the property, Elijah and was bringing the program to a close. McCoy House Sarah Pogue constructed a two-story, Thus, the project was one of the last of The McCoy House was built in 1848 by red brick farmhouse in 1854. In 1917 the its type authorized by President Frank- the Honorable William McCoy, a man property was purchased by Alexander lin D. Roosevelt. The two-story, brick prominent for his public service in the Glass, the father-in-law of William W. Georgian Revival school was built along Virginia legislature. McCoy’s two-story Holloway. After returning home from the plans of Ernest C.S. Holmboe, a well brick Greek Revival house was built us- World War I, Holloway and his wife known regional architect then practicing ing slave labor. Slave quarters are located purchased the property and constructed out of Clarksburg. The classical exterior behind the house. For a few days during 1920s Italian Renaissance-style additions has a centered projecting portico with the Civil War, McCoy’s house was to the house. In 1954 the Sisters of Saint flaking pavilions and a pedimented cen- requisitioned as a telegraph office with Joseph purchased the property and 30 ter section with cupola. A 1930s-build- wires strung from a room in the house novitiates took residence in the for- Wheeling Country Club ing constructed for 4-H and vocational to the town of Moorefield. Reportedly, 212 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 213

McCoy’s losses during the Union oc- expert millwright from the Shenandoah use as a center for events and activities & Co.: Mouth of Seneca, W.VA.: White cupation were ignored by officials in Valley, to design and erect the new mill. in 1936, the Old Judy Church is one of Rose Flour Makes Better Bread; A Full Washington, D.C. due to evidence that The original milling equipment turned the oldest religious sites in Pendleton Line of Feed for Every Requirement.” he had raised supplies for a company of stone grinding wheels and was housed in County. It was built using hewn white (8/25/2004) Confederate soldiers. (12/10/1982) a two-and-one-half-story building with pine logs between 1836 and 1848. All a steep gable roof. Later modifications sawn lumber used for the floor, ceiling, Sugar Grove would replace the old stone wheels with door, and gable clapboards came from steel rollers and extend the mill to one the saw mill in the nearby town of Pansy. side with a two-story, gable-end residen- South Branch Valley MRA Bowers House tial addition and a two-story porch. The (5/13/1976) The Bowers House is unusual in this McCoy Mill continued to produce flour rugged southernmost part of Pendleton and corn meal for the community into Seneca Rocks County due to its great size and dis- the 20th century. South Branch Valley tinctive architecture. The rough topog- MRA (1/14/1986) raphy made cash crops difficult, typi- Sites Homestead (Wayside Inn) cally resulting in smaller, more humble The original single pen log structure was farmsteads. Built near the turn of the Ananias Pitsenbarger Farm probably built c. 1839 when Jacob Sites 20th century, the house exhibits charac- 130 acres of the Ananias Pitsenbarger acquired the land beneath the imposing teristics of eclectic asymmetrical Queen Priest Mill Farm remain of a larger farm whose Seneca Rocks. The house then expanded Anne design. The three-and-a-half-sto- boundaries have fluctuated over the in the mid-1870s with a two-and-one- ry house features two polygonal tow- Priest Mill years. The original two parcels were land half story frame addition and clapboard ers with a central projecting bay and a Built in 1900 to replace an earlier mill grants to Nicholas Amick in 1792 and siding. Based on county records, Wil- wraparound porch. South Branch Valley that burned, the Priest Mill is a simple 1793. In 1799, Abraham Pitsenbarger liam Sites purchased licenses to “keep an MRA (7/10/1985) T-Shaped three-story wooden industrial purchased all or part of these parcels ordinary” in 1859, 1860, and 1861. The structure. Samuel Priest oversaw wood- from Amick. The Pitsenbargers raised homestead remained in the family until working and wheelwrighting, making livestock, grew crops, harvested fruits purchased by the United States Forest flooring, molding and architectural and nuts, maintained bee hives, pro- Service. Archaeological and historical details for many Franklin buildings. cessed maple syrup and produced cider records confirm agricultural activities. Priest’s interest in electricity led to pow- and liquor. Since its earliest years, and (5/20/1993) er generation at the mill in 1911. Two through 1973 when the last Pitsenbarger street lights at Franklin’s main street lived on the property, the farm has been were electrified on September 16, 1916 a center of Germanic culture, folklore, Seneca Rocks Vicinity by hydroelectric power from the mill. and occult beliefs in Pendleton County. The mill was also fitted for wool carding. It is a significant domestic and agri- Boggs Mill (4/4/2000) cultural complex representative of the From the time it was constructed c. 1830 period beginning with the construction until 1966 when operation ceased, Boggs Franklin Vicinity of the early outbuildings in the mid- Mill operated continuously, serving the Bowers House th 19 century to the construction of the small community of Seneca Rocks as a th youngest outbuildings in the late 19 grain mill, a retail store, and a commu- Upper Tract McCoy Mill and early 20th centuries. (8/18/2011) The 1845 McCoy Mill is a significant nity gathering place for residents. Most reminder of the once prosperous South likely the mill was constructed by Jacob Carr, the original property owner. It was Cunningham-Heavener House Branch Valley milling industry. The mill Petersburg Vicinity Located in the flat, fertile area of the sold to John Boggs in 1820. The mill was built by William McCoy to replace Upper Tract, the c. 1880 Cunning- was powered by water from the North an earlier mill that belonged to his uncle. ham-Heavener House exhibits a modest Old Judy Church Fork River. John’s descendant, Frank McCoy hired James William Byrd, an Repaired and returned to community version of the Italianate style. The brick Boggs advertised the mill: “F.M. Boggs 214 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 215

house has a U-shape with projecting Knights of the Maccabees and Masons. during the Battle of the Greenbrier chased most of the front gable wings flank a recessed cen- Oriented along the Ohio River, the on October 3, 1861. The property also town site, restor- tral section. The shallow roof is support- house displays elements of the Greek includes Traveler’s Repose, an 1869 inn ing several of the ed under the eaves with evenly spaced Revival style. (6/25/1980) that replaced an earlier version along the houses to serve brackets. A one-story porch supported Staunton to Parkersburg Turnpike, and a as tourist cabins. th by eight Ionic columns spans the full Pleasants County Courthouse number of early 20 century agricultural (11/28/1980) width of the main facade. South Branch The Pleasants County Courthouse, built dependencies. (5/10/1996) Valley MRA (8/19/1985) in 1924, replaced the previous court- Cass Scenic house after it was damaged by fire the Bartow Vicinity Railroad Pendleton County Poor Farm previous year. It is a simple rectangu- The railroad of Cass Historic District Built by the county around the turn of lar building exhibiting elements of the the Cass lum- the 20th century, the main Poor Farm Neo-Classical Revival style including a Camp Allegheny During the Civil War, the summit of ber operations, named the Greenbrier, dwelling consists of a long, seven-bay pedimented portico with tapered Doric Allegheny Mountain provided the Cheat, and Elk, passed over challenging frame structure with a hipped roof and columns. County Courthouses of West Confederates with a strategic location to grades and tight curves to reach the long veranda, which appears as a row of Virginia MPS (8/25/2004) guard the Staunton to Parkersburg Turn- timber on Cheat Mountain high above American Foursquare houses. The insti- pike and monitor the Union camped the town of Cass. A segment of this line, tution was administered by the county on Cheat Mountain. On December 13, nearly 12- miles long between the Cass as a form of social welfare and the farm Pocahontas 1861, federal forces staged a two-prong depot and the summit of Bald Knob, is was self-supporting. People residing attack, which became known as the Bat- now preserved and climbed by the Shay there exchanged their labor on the 281- County tle of Allegheny. The Confederates held locomotives of the Cass Scenic Railroad, acre farm for housing. South Branch off federal forces which then retreated. a state-operated historic site. Revenue Valley MRA (1/14/1986) Bartow Confederates were able to remain at operations as a logging railroad ended the camp through the winter and later in 1960, with tourist train operations Pleasants County joined forces with Stonewall Jackson’s beginning on June 15, 1963. (7/12/1974) Shenandoah Valley Campaign. Camp Allegheny includes defensive earthworks Greenbank Vicinity St. Mary’s and the remains of several cabins and campsites. (9/28/1990) GW Jeep Site Cain House (Alexander Creel The GW Jeep Site is an upland base Tavern) Cass camp located in a low gap at a high ele- Built by town founder vation. Low gaps were used by prehistor- Alexander Creel in ic people as convenient camping places Camp Bartow Historic District (Traveler’s Cass Historic District 1850, the Cain House, Repose) Established in 1902 by the West Virginia when traveling through the mountains. as it later became Pulp & Paper Company to process the The site has revealed an extended range known, was the site spruce forests of the Allegheny High- of occupation dating 5000 to 1000 B.C. of the first court of Camp Bartow Historic District and likely represents the mixing of dif- (Traveler’s Repose) lands, the town of Cass was a classic Pleasants County in early 20th century industry town. The ferent activities at different times during 1851. It then served Camp Bartow Historic District com- that period. (12/23/1993) bines elements of military, settlement, district encompasses a wide area that for many years as a defines all aspects of its history, both tavern and hostelry and transportation history. First settled early in the 19th century, the location was residential and industrial. Operating as a Reber Radio Telescope before being used as Grote Reber built the Reber Radio Tele- fortified by Confederate forces of Gen- lumber mill town until 1960, the rail- a meeting place by scope in his back yard in Wheaton, Illi- eral Henry R. Jackson during the Civil road side of operations passed into state local fraternal organi- nois in 1937 after reading of the experi- Pleasants County Courthouse War. These fortifications were tested ownership in 1962 as the Cass Scenic zations including the Railroad State Park. Later, the state pur- ments conducted by radio wave pioneer 216 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 217

Karl Jansky. one of the most translated writers in the Marlinton to the east, standing on a bluff that encircles the room. A second upper It was world. She received the Nobel Prize for above the Greenbrier River. The house balcony is situated opposite the stage. the first literature, a Pulitzer Prize, the William presents a solid, rectangular appearance The balcony is suspended from the large parabolic Dean Flowells medal, and more than crowned with a shallow, hipped roof. timber roof trusses by steel rods. The antenna 200 humanitarian awards. In 1916, Buck Locally timbered red oak provided much town used the building for performanc- specifically wrote The Exile, the story of her mother of the interior woodwork, including the es, movies, roller skating, and even for designed to growing up in West Virginia and being doors, window trim, and floors. The basketball games. (3/24/2000) do research transplanted to China. (6/15/1970) home is now the Pocahontas County in radio Museum. (5/13/1976) Pocahontas County Courthouse astronomy. Locust Creek Covered Bridge and Jail Its parabol- An example of the Warren truss system, IOOF Lodge Building The Pocahontas County Courthouse Huntersville Presbyterian Church ic reflector this board and batten covered bridge The IOOF Building is in the heart of was constructed in the newly platted is 31 feet is 113 feet by 13 feet. The bridge likely Marlinton’s downtown. Constructed in town of Marlinton in 1894. To insure the in diameter and supports a metal tripod dates to the 1870s when a petition to the the Italianate style in 1905, the building town’s growth, the Pocahontas Devel- with a canister-like radio receiver at the county seat was made to locate a bridge was used as commercial space on the opment Company offered $5,000 for end. After use at other observing sites in near the Josiah Beard mill. West Virginia first floor and had rooms for the IOOF the construction of a new courthouse at Virginia and Colorado, it was acquired Covered Bridges (6/4/1981) and Modern Woodsmen of America on Marlinton if the county seat was relo- by the National Radio Astronomy Ob- the upper level. The building served as a cated there from Huntersville. After servatory and moved to Greenbank in social meeting space for the two lodg- two controversial votes, the county seat Huntersville th the early 1960s. It was reassembled un- es during the early 20 century, with was secured. The building, constructed der Reber’s supervision. (11/9/1972, Na- membership being a popular interest of in Romanesque Revival style, features tional Historic Landmark 12/20/1989) Huntersville Presbyterian the leading businessmen of the county. rounded arches over the windows and Church (3/24/2000) doors and large towers. The courthouse Hillsboro Vicinity The Huntersville Presbyterian Church is associated with the prominent Wheel- serves the community as a unique com- ing architect, Millard F. Giesey. The jail, bination of church and meeting hall. It Richard Beard House which is directly behind the courthouse, was constructed as a clapboard-sided, was added in 1925. (7/15/1994) The Richard Beard House was con- single-story building by the Greenbrier structed by builders Littlepage and Presbytery in 1854. It was extensively Dassenville in 1890. It is one of only two altered in 1895 with the addition of a Pocahontas Times Print Shop The Pocahontas Times Print Shop was known extant houses constructed by second story and a modified bell tower. constructed c. 1900 to print the local the team, and is recognized by its dis- This addition was made to provide the newspaper. Inside is most of the orig- tinctive style which includes elements local Masonic Lodge with a convenient inal equipment, including a hand-fed, of the Queen Anne style. The interior meeting space. A metal Masonic symbol Marlinton Opera House flat-bed printing press, manufactured features graining on the trim, doors, and serves as a finial at the peak of the tow- by the Babcock Printing Press Manu- floors. Graining replicated more expen- er’s low, hipped roof. (10/4/1978) Marlinton Opera House sive woods through the painting of less Court reporter, J.G. Tilton, established facturing Company of New York, and a paper folder manufactured by the Sidney expensive wood. (3/20/2002) Marlinton Marlinton’s first opera house, “The Grand,” in 1907. Its popularity proved Folder Company of Sidney, Ohio. The Pearl S. Buck House it to be too small and a larger facility Pocahontas Times has been an institu- Constructed by her grandfather in 1858, Frank and Anna Hunter House was completed in 1910. The Marlinton tion in Southeastern West Virginia since the Buck House is the birthplace of Frank Hunter and Anna Virginia Price Opera House was constructed of poured 1882.Very little has changed since the accomplished writer, Pearl S. Buck. Born began the construction of this wood concrete reinforced with steel logging purchase of the printing press and paper in 1892 as Pearl Sydenstricker, Buck frame house in 1903, and married there train rails. The interior has a large open folder around 1910. (9/22/1977) authored more than 70 books and is a year later. The house faces the town of space with a stage and features a balcony 218 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 219

Marlinton Vicinity Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal pro- Seebert Lane Colored School grams for work relief, conservation, and On February 3, 1876, William L. McNeel developing recreational opportunities sold a small plot of land to the District Droop Mountain Battlefield within each state. The National Park On November 6, 1863, Union Brigadier 4 Board of Education for $50 to “erect Service (NPS) assisted with the initial General William Averell’s troops defeat- a house to be used as a School house or park planning and design. The Civilian ed the Confederate forces of Brigadier house of worship for the colourd [sic] Conservation Corps (CCC) was respon- General John Echols at the Battle of people of the neighborhood” as stated in sible for the first construction projects Arthurdale Historic District Droop Mountain. This action was de- the deed. Seebert Lane Colored School within the park. New Deal Resources in signed to clear Confederate activity from was constructed by Robert Samuel Jor- of the Great Depression, Congress West Virginia’s State Parks and Forests the Greenbrier Valley and help the eco- dan ca. 1898 and was the second African passed the National Industrial Recovery (2/4/2011) American school serving the area. It Act. Funds provided by this act helped nomic lifeline of the Virginia and Ten- th nessee Railroad. The area became a State was used as a school until the mid-20 to create Arthurdale. This communi- Park in 1926. In contrast to its 1860s Mill Point century. (12/12/2012) ty was the first of its kind in the U.S. appearance, the battlefield is now dense- and was a favorite project of First Lady ly wooded. The vestiges of earthworks Eleanor Roosevelt who visited several McNeel Mill Preston County times. The original design was provided are still visible along the Park’s northern The McNeel Mill is a three-story build- by John Nolan who was later replaced by boundary. (1/26/1970) ing of heavy hewn timber construction Walter Trevvett and his associate Ben- and a rubble stone foundation. Built Albright Vicinity jamin Lane. The first group of houses between 1860-1868 by Isaac McNeel, it New Deal Resources in Watoga were finished in June 1934. The district replaced other mills dating back to 1778. State Park Virginia Furnace includes houses, schools, factories, farm The milling machinery, water-powered Watoga State Park has its beginnings The Virginia Furnace is a cut stone blast buildings, and community center build- wheel, and general plan remain virtually in 1925 when the West Virginia Game furnace, standing roughly 30 feet high ings. The Arthurdale Inn was built to intact from the 19th century. (8/8/1985) and Fish Commission purchased 4,546 with a square base of 34 feet. Con- provide accommodations for all the visi- acres to create a new state park. Lit- structed in 1854, it was the second blast tors who came to Arthurdale. (2/l/1989) tle development took place here until Seebert Vicinity furnace in Preston County, but remained the early 1930s. Development of the in operation well past other industrial park was directly related to President sites in nearby counties. Constructed Aurora Vicinity Pleasant Green Methodist for Harrison Hagans by stone mason Episcopal Church Levi Kennett, the nearby Falls of Muddy The African Methodist Episcopal Creek helped to supply the waterpower. Church first arrived in western Virginia The product was shipped along the B&O to assist slaves following John Brown’s Railroad line. The furnace had a long raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859. They con- period of production between the years tinued to send assistance throughout the of 1854 to 1880. (7/1/1999) Civil War. Several AME churches were established in West Virginia from that time through the early decades of the Arthurdale 20th century. The Pleasant Green Meth- odist Episcopal Church was built during Arthurdale Historic District this time period. The church is reflective Arthurdale was a planned agricultural Brookside Historic District of the segregated society that developed community in which 165 unemployed after the American Civil War. Its con- families from Monongalia and Preston Brookside Historic District gregation was active through the 1970s. Counties came to live between l933 and Owners of Brookside Resort took ad- 1937. In May of 1933 during the height McNeel Mill (12/12/2012) vantage of its location close to the 220 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 221

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ten miles sandstone in 1830. The house was sold away, and created a respite from the to Benjamin F. Huggins in 1892, then to city heat for residents of Washington, Jacob Barnes in 1896. The Barnes fam- Baltimore, Cleveland and other cities. ily maintained it as a hotel in the early The Brookside cottages provided rus- 1900s. (7/14/1993) tic yet comfortable accommodations; Brookside Farm produced homegrown Bruceton Mills Vicinity meat, vegetables, and dairy products for guests; and the Brookside Woods afforded ample opportunity for vigorous Old Hemlock From 1939 until his death in 1998, Old exercise and communing with nature. Old Hemlock All these aspects were heavily marketed Hemlock was home to George Bird to potential guests throughout the east sides of the building. The two-story cot- Evans, author, illustrator, artist, and dog coast. With exception of a brief closure tage was built for Lee McBride, a busi- breeder. Following training at the Chi- in the 1920s, the resort remained a pop- nessman from Cleveland, Ohio. Gay- cago Art Institute in the 1920s, Evans ular destination throughout the 1930s. mont was associated with the “Golden broke into the field of illustration doing (5/8/2013) Age” of American summer resorts that freelance work for several magazines, lasted approximately from 1870 through and eventually landing an exclusive Hagan’s Homestead contract with Cosmopolitan in New Gaymont 1914. (4/14/1992, additional informa- tion 5/8/2013) York City. Evans continued illustrating This summer resort cottage built around for magazines until the late 1940s and Kingwood 1896 displays eclectic overtones of created technical drawings for the Navy Craftsman, Rustic, and Queen Anne Red Horse Tavern during World War II. He later used his styles. The Craftsman influences are This stone building of typical Pennsyl- Kingwood Historic District many decades of hunting journals to au- Though Kingwood was established by shown in the use of exposed rafter tails, vania German construction was built by thor magazine articles and books on the the Virginia Legislature much earlier, it multiple roof planes, and a wide, unen- Henry Grimes between 1825 and 1827. subject with the first, The Upland Shoot- was not until the railroad arrived in 1888 closed eave overhang. The Rustic archi- Originally used as a dwelling, it consists ing Life, propelling him to prominence in that development began in earnest. The tecture style is found in the bark-covered of a large downstairs room and three the early 1970s. Evans’ line of Old Hem- West Virginia Northern Railroad was a half-logs used as the outer decorative upstairs rooms with an attic above them. lock setters, first whelped at Old Hem- narrow gauge to transport timber and fabric on the lower half of the building. The walls were constructed of rubble lock in 1947, continues to be treasured the Morgantown and Kingwood Rail- Another feature of Gaymont includes stone and are roughly two-feet thick. by bird dog enthusiasts. (12/16/2014) road provided passenger service. The the Queen Anne style wraparound ve- In 1841, it was converted to an inn to Preston County Courthouse, Preston randah, which originally covered three serve travelers along the Northwestern Turnpike. It has been known locally as Academy, the IOOF Lodge, several early Cranesville Vicinity th the “Old Stone Inn” and “Red Horse 20 century banks and churches are found in the district. This development Tavern.” (7/2/1973, boundary amend- Reckart Mill (Albright Mill) ment 5/4/1979, additional information is reflected in the district’s architectural Constructed in 1865 by A.S. Albright, 5/8/2013) styles which include simple houses with the Reckart Mill is a two and a half story, Greek Revival or Italianate style detail- gable-roof, wood-frame building. The ing, as well as buildings constructed in Brandonville chief structural system of the building the Romanesque, Second Empire, Goth- is the hand­-hewn pine timbers with ic Revival, Federal, and Queen Anne Hagans Homestead mortise and tenon joints. The mill was styles. (7/15/1994) Harrison Hagans, a prominent local and passed to John Reckart in 1914. Most of its original equipment and machinery is state politician and businessman, con- James Clark McGrew House structed this large house of native cut still in place. (6/3/1980) Gaymont The McGrew House was built for James 222 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 223

Ralphsnyder’s father-in-law, Bill Teter, 1928 by John Henry Hunt Sr., a pioneer The house features a large columned applied the standing seam metal roof in African American entrepreneurship porch and gables with Palladian-style and carpenter, Clark Scott, built the who worked for the advancement of Af- windows. James S. Lakin, the original frame. The barn was moved to its cur- rican Americans in West Virginia. Built owner, was a businessman, banker, and rent location from Monongalia Coun- in the Adirondack style of architecture, member and chairman of the State Re- ty in 1981 to save it from demolition. Indian Rocks Dining Hall, in its heyday, publican Committee. (1/9/1997) Round and Polygonal Barns of West was a resort with a store, dining facility, Virginia TR (12/2/1985) cabins, rooms for rent, and an ice pond. Terra Alta Bank (1/8/2003) Terra Alta Bank was chartered in 1891 James Clark McGrew House Pisgah Vicinity as the second bank in the county and was the only bank in the area to sur- C. McGrew and his wife in 1841. Mc- vive the Great Depression. It is located Grew, who played a prominent role in A.W. Gribble Farm in the town’s commercial district and The A.W. Gribble House was built in the development of Preston County and exemplifies the Italianate commercial 1842 by Archibald Gribble. The house in the formation of the State of West style. Designed by Gakes Brothers and was constructed from local stone and Virginia, served as a delegate in the first Sharp contractors in 1893, the three-sto- is an excellent example of a German state legislature and later served two ry building features cast iron window Colonial Pennsylvania farmhouse, with terms in the U.S. House of Representa- surrounds and a bracketed cornice. the double-door layout on both the main tives. He was the first mayor of King- (7/9/1997) wood and was also a significant local and rear elevations. The technique of Downtown Rowlesburg Historic District businessman. The original Federal style using large cut sandstone is similar to house has an 1870s Italianate style addi- that used by the iron furnace industry Rowlesburg Tunnelton tion. (7/9/1993) in the surrounding area of rural Preston County. The property also includes a Downtown Rowlesburg Historic Tunnelton Railroad Depot Masontown Vicinity springhouse, pantry, and barn that con- The Tunnelton Railroad Depot, con- tribute to the significance of the proper- District structed c. 1912, served as a hub of This community developed with the ty. (12/30/2009) passenger and freight transportation for arrival of the railroad in 1852 and the Ralphsnyder Decagonal Barn much of central and southern Preston subsequent development of the timber Built c. 1890 by farmer and stock breed- County in the early decades of the 20th Reedsville Vicinity industry made possible through the er, Ulissus Ralphsnyder, this unusual century. While passenger service ended railroad. The district is comprised of ten-sided barn features a tall four-sid- in 1968, the handling of freight contin- primarily late 19th and early 20th century ed steeple and a central hay chute. Colonel Thomas Brown House ued into the 1980s. The building features This Federal style Brown House was commercial and residential buildings, a large gable dormer with arched win- built in 1837 by slave labor. The two-sto- and also includes a school and three dow, a clay tile roof, and wide soffit with ry building features native stone con- churches. Several mills operated in and decorative brackets. (5/2/1996) struction in a pattern similar to that of near Rowlesburg; coal mining was also a Flemish bonding. The original owner, major contributor to the local economy. Colonel Thomas Brown, served in the (11/30/2005) Revolutionary War under General Green and fought in the battle of Cow- Terra Alta pens, South Carolina on January 17, 1781. (3/17/1994) James F. Lakin House This Colonial Revival style house was Indian Rocks Dining Hall built in 1895 and stands on a high hill Indian Rocks Dining Hall was built in A.W. Gribble Farm opposite the downtown business district. Tunnelton Railroad Depot 224 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 225

Railroads in West Virginia The development of West Virginia is tied directly to railroads. Battles during the Civil War were fought to control essential railways traveling through the state. The coal and timber industries relied on rail to move their products to consumer markets around the country. Recognizing this significant impact, several railroad-related properties in West Virginia are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Located in Ritchie County, the Pennsboro B&O Railroad Depot served as a hub for commerce and communication. Many Ritchie County histories state that the town of Pennsboro began with the arrival of the railroad in 1858. As the Parkersburg Branch of the B&O Railroad relied 11 on the Pennsboro station, Ritchie County saw an economic boom, as produce, livestock, U.S. Wheeling mail, and passenger traffic traveled through the area. By 1911, Pennsboro had become the largest town in the county and a center for most of the early business enterprises. Like many Morgantown railroad towns, the advent of the highway system led to the decline of Pennsboro, but its rich heritage and contributions to Martinsburg 10 2 the commerce of Ritchie County are a vital component of that 6 8 area’s history. 7 Another B&O Railroad Depot, the Duffields Depot in Jefferson County, was built in 1839. During the Civil War, the depot served as a supply station for Union forces between Harpers Thurmond Historic District, Fayette County Ferry and Martinsburg. The Depot was no longer used after 1884, replaced by a station nearby. 1 The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops in Berkley County was listed as a National 3 Charleston 5 Historic Landmark in 2003, for their engineering and industrial architecture designed by Albert Huntington Fink, as well as their role in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. In support of a strike in Baltimore to fight against low wages for industrial workers, employees at the Martinsburg complex went on strike, leading to a conflict in which Governor Henry Matthews sent in the state militia, who 9 4 1. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Depot, Cabell County refused to fire on the strikers. Soon Governor Matthews asked President Rutherford B. Hayes to 2. Bollman-Wernwag-Latrobe Bridge, Jefferson send in federal troops to break-up the strike and restore train service. One railroad striker was Beckley County killed during the ensuing skirmish. 3. Chesapeake and Ohio 1308 Steam Locomotive, The National Register also recognizes structures as well Cabell County as buildings; therefore, railroad stock can be listed. The 4. Chesapeake and Ohio 2755 Steam Locomotive, Logan County Chesapeake and Ohio 2755 Steam Locomotive in Logan County Bluefield pulled countless tons of coal on the C&O Railroad throughout 5. Cass Scenic Railroad Historic District, Pocahontas the late 1940s and 1950s. The locomotive is also significant County because of its engineering, symbolizing the final generation 6. Grafton Downton Commercial Historic District, of American steam engines that were eventually replaced by Taylor County their diesel successors. Another locomotive, the Shay Engine at 7. Philippi B&O Railroad Station, Barbour County Cass in Pocahontas County, is the oldest of its kind still in use. 8. Sixth Street Railroad Bridge, Wood County Brought to West Virginia 1905 as a part of the West Virginia Pulp 9. Thurmond Historic District, Fayette County 10. Tunnelton Railroad Depot, Preston County Chesapeake & Ohio 1308 Steam Locomotive, and Paper Company’s operation, Locomotive No. 5 still runs on Cabell County its original tracks, carrying visitors and tourists. 11. Wheeling Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Passenger Station, Ohio County 226 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 227

Putnam County plant remains. From the type of artifacts Winfield Toll Bridge recovered, archaeologists determined Prior to the construction of this bridge, that the village area was occupied in the only way to cross the Kanawha River Buffalo several stages, with the final occupation in the area was by ferry. When built in representative of the Fort Ancient cul- 1955 by the John F. Beasley Construc- ture, and was abandoned in the late 16th Buffalo Town Square Historic tion Company, it provided a major new century. (1/25/1971) transportation link across the Kanawha District River between Winfield and other Three Greek Revival style, red masonry surrounding small towns such as Red buildings form this district. Founded Hurricane House. The bridge is one of seven canti- in 1835, and constructed in 1849, the Winfield Toll Bridge lever through-truss bridges in West Vir- Buffalo Academy is a two-story side ga- Asbury House house, Hoge purchased it in 1857 shortly ginia and is exemplary in the use of this bled red brick building. William “Coin” Constructed in 1876, this house is one of after he was married. Hoge served as uncommon technology. The continuous Harvey, Confederate Brigadier General the few remaining brick late-nineteenth prosecuting attorney in Putnam County, cantilever truss design allows bridges to John McCausland, and agriculturalist century houses in the town of Hurri- a colonel in the Virginia Militia, and a span greater distances over their piers. Thomas C. Atkeson and his daughter cane. Constructed as the town was de- delegate to the Virginia State Conven- The weight of the fully supported end Mary Meeks Atkeson attended school veloping, the house features late Greek tion. After the war, his practice flour- spans hold up the center cantilevered here. During the Civil War, the school Revival design characteristics. Originally ished. He soon became the Kanawha portions that meet in the middle from was used by both sides as a barracks and constructed by members of the Conner th Valley 7 Judicial Circuit Court Judge. both sides. (12/15/2011) was also a mustering point for the Buffa- family, the house was left unfinished. Hoge is buried on the property in the lo Guards which formed the nucleus of Local farmer William “Bill Mac” McCal- family cemetery, along with several fam- the 36th Virginia Infantry. Immediately lister purchased the house in 1890 and ily members. In 2003-2004, the house Raleigh County adjacent to the academy on the north, is finished the interior. After several own- was moved 1,000 feet to avoid demoli- the Buffalo Presbyterian Church. Con- ers and facing demolition, the house was tion. (7/27/2007) structed in 1857, the church is a one moved one block in 1994. (3/21/1997) Beckley and a half story, front gabled building Putnam County Courthouse featuring an octagonal belfry. The Buf- Beckley Courthouse Square falo Methodist Church was constructed Designed in the Romanesque Re- Historic District in 1870, replacing the original church, vival style, the 1900 Putnam County In 1838, Alfred Beckley submitted to which was burned during the Civil War. Courthouse replaced an earlier build- the Fayette County clerk a map of a (8/16/1991) ing demolished by a windstorm. Built according to the plans of architect proposed town. The streets were laid Frank P. Milburn, the courthouse forms out in a grid with a large public square. Buffalo Vicinity a two-story, rectangular block with a In 1850, Beckley’s town became the hip roof and octagonal towers at each county seat of the newly formed Raleigh Buffalo Indian Village Site corner. Several additions were made to County. The historic district includes an The largest known prehistoric village the northeast side as the need for space area of approximately eight city blocks site in West Virginia, the Buffalo site Asbury House increased. Milburn provided plans for surrounding the courthouse. After a consists of a palisade surrounding a four other courthouses in West Virginia, disastrous fire in 1912 destroyed over 30 horseshoe-shaped village of post-built Winfield and was well known in the southeast for buildings and homes, the town began to structures and a central plaza. Excavated a wide range of commissions. In 1921, rebuild using local sandstone and brick. by the Archaeology Section of the West James W. Hoge House the community placed a Doughboy stat- These commercial buildings reflected Virginia Geological and Economic Sur- The Federal style James W. Hoge House ue on the courthouse grounds to com- classical designs built on a grand scale. vey in 1963 and 1964, the site produced was constructed in 1838 for Charles memorate the casualties of World War I. The 1937 Raleigh County Courthouse thousands of stone, bone, and shell ar- Brown, a local businessman. After addi- (7/5/2000) was designed by L. T. Bengston as a tifacts, ceramic vessels, and animal and tional owners and tenants resided in the Works Progress Administration (WPA) 228 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 229

project in the Post-Modern style. The districts. In 1903, the family leased, and project to honor the project supervisor, federal courthouse was designed by Alex later sold, the land to the Cranberry S.C. Coda, and U.S. engineer John Kon- Mahood and S. H. Bridge reflecting the Fuel Company, which began commercial rad. (4/1/1998) Art Deco style. (8/31/1994) development of the mine in 1905. The Cranberry Company became part of the Hinton Vicinity Beckley Mill Site New River Company a year later. Oper- Beckley Mill was the initiative of ear- ations ceased in 1953 and the company ly Raleigh County community leader sold the mine to the City of Beckley. The Trump-Lilly Farmstead The Trump-Lilly Farmstead was devel- Alfred Beckley. Alfred Beckley began to city opened it to the public in 1962 as oped in the 1880s by Richard and Mary develop his mill site in the 1830s, prob- the Beckley Exhibition Coal Mine, the Trump who were deeded the property ably in 1836. Although the Beckley Mill first site dedicated to educating the pub- Sophia Historic District by Mary’s father, William Richmond. building is gone and historic images of it lic about coal mining. (3/25/1988) The Trumps, and later the Aden Lilly owned the land on which the town was have not been located, something can be family, were subsistence farmers, us- Wildwood (General Alfred founded. Incorporated in 1912, the Vir- ing everything they grew for their own ginia Railroad ran through the center of Beckley House) consumption or for trade. It is one of the town and wooden buildings were erect- Wildwood was constructed in 1836 by few remaining southern West Virginia ed on both sides. Fires in 1913, 1922 and John Lilly for Alfred Beckley. Beckley farmsteads that has never been adapted 1925 destroyed the town. Subsequently, was a student at West Point and served to modern farming. The property in- a local ordinance prohibited the con- in the army for 12 years before moving cludes a farmhouse, several log barns, struction of wooden buildings. Today’s his family to the area to manage the and the remains of an apple orchard. Main Street contains brick and stone massive estate he inherited from his (11/8/1990) buildings. After improvement in the lo- father. He subsequently founded the cal road system, the community thrived city of Beckley, helped to form Raleigh Sandstone Vicinity in the 1930-40s as residents in the sur- County, served in the state legislature, rounding coal communities patronized and was a brigadier general in the Civil Sophia’s business district. (3/22/2006) Wildwood (General Alfred Beckley House) War for the Confederacy. Originally a St. Coleman’s Roman Catholic two-story dogtrot log cabin, the house Church and Cemetery said about the its architectural features was enlarged in 1874 with two rooms This 1878 log church and adjoining cem- Randolph County based on written accounts, the evidence added to the rear. (8/25/1970) etery are the only visible remains of the of the surviving foundation, and char- once thriving Irish community in Ra- Beverly acteristics of other mills in the region. Crow Vicinity leigh County. The cemetery, to the rear The mill envisioned in 1846 was to have of the church, was the principal burial a “mill house 20 feet square two stories ground for the Irish Mountain Commu- Beverly Historic District high.” The current foundation appears Little Beaver Dam nity. This included the “Lost Corner” Beverly was founded in 1790 by an Act Little Beaver Dam, the first public dam to incorporate an original section that for the burial of infants and other indi- of the Virginia Legislature. Once the in Raleigh County, was constructed roughly corresponds with this dimen- viduals who died without the benefit of county seat of Randolph County, it lost between 1938 and 1942 by the Works sion. (5/1/2017) baptism. (8/23/1984) this status in 1899 to the town of Elkins. Progress Administration and the Civil- The presence of the Staunton to Park- ian Conservation Corps. It is a stepped Phillips-Sprague Mine (Beckley Sophia ersburg Turnpike led to the prosperity of dam, constructed of local sandstone the town and its commercial center. The Exhibition Coal Mine) taken from a nearby hillside. The proj- The Phillips-Sprague Mine opened in town was in the center of several Civil ect brought much needed money and 1889 by descendants of John A. Phillips. Sophia Historic District War actions over control of the turnpike. employment to the county during the It is an example of the small coal mines Originally known as Soak Creek, the Union General George B. McClellan Great Depression. A stone monument which once dotted the state’s mining post office and town were named Sophia used the Beverly Jail as a holding pen for was erected by the men working on the after the wife of Pyrrhus McGinnis who 230 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 231

architect-designed Queen Anne style the early 1930s. The project provided ness and political figures in the state, house, a V-shaped Civil War trench, and employment, farmland, and affordable the college’s namesakes, Stephen Ben- the Butcher Cemetery. (11/9/1989) housing to aid unemployed industrial ton Elkins and Henry Gassaway Davis. workers and their families. (7/22/2004) United personally by Elkin’s marriage to Rich Mountain Battlefield Davis’ daughter, they became partners in The Battle of Rich Mountain was the de- Elkins business, and although formal political ciding battle of Union General George B. opponents, shared a common interest McClellan’s western Virginia campaign. in shaping federal legislation. (National In the conflict, Union troops defeated Albert and Liberal Arts Halls Historic Landmark, 6/19/1996) Following the acceptance of a gift of Confederates who were holding the pass Beverly Historic District property from Mrs. Hallie Davis Elkins, over Rich Mountain, resulting in Union Davis and Elkins College appointed both soldiers and citizens held for mili- control over the northwestern counties noted Charleston architect, Walter F. tary reasons during the first campaign of of Virginia. The battle was the last in a Martens, to devise a plan for the new the war. Lemuel Chenoweth, the famed series of small victories for McClellan, campus, which included the design of covered bridge builder, resided here. who afterwards was promoted to com- new liberal arts and science halls. The (1/11/1980; boundary increase and ad- mander of the Army of the Potomac. buildings were planned as a unit and ditional documentation, 12/16/2014) The area includes the site of the battle at are connected by a stone arcade that the crest of Rich Mountain, the Confed- descends in steps from one to the other. erate Camp Garnett at the western base Blackman-Bosworth Store The brick Georgian Revival buildings of the mountain, and a section of the The first commercial brick building were constructed 1924-26. (8/29/1979) in Beverly and one of the earliest in old Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike that the region, this store was built by Da- connects the two sites. (7/17/1992) vid Blackman c.1827. During the Civil Baldwin-Chandlee Supply War, an underground vault was used by Dailey Vicinity Company The Baldwin-Chandlee Supply Compa- residents to protect valuables, a practice Davis & Elkins Historic District – Halliehurst that continued after the war. In 1881, ny building was constructed in 1905 for Tygart Valley Homesteads William Baldwin and James Chandlee. the store was purchased by Newton Davis Memorial Presbyterian Historic District The company supplied lumber, mill, Bosworth who enlarged the building Church with an 1894 addition and continued the During the Great Depression, the Roo- mining and railroad industries with sevelt Administration established the heavy equipment and hardware. Baldwin Davis Memorial was designed by Balti- business into the 1920s. The store was more architect, Charles E. Cassell, and also used as a county courthouse, post Subsistence Homestead Division to moved to Charleston in 1917 to open a oversee the development of self-sus- branch store. After dividing the business constructed in 1895. It was financed by office, and semi-official meeting place, Henry Gassaway Davis as a memorial and its owners were among the leaders taining rural communities. The Tygart in 1924, the Elkins store was incorporat- Valley resettlement community was one ed under the name Valley Supply Com- to his mother. A 1921 Sunday school of the community. (4/14/1975) addition, constructed on the Akron plan, of three established in West Virginia in pany. The large two-story, brick building includes two historic additions and is an was designed by Clarence L. Harding. Beverly Vicinity excellent example of an early 20th centu- The stone building is Gothic Revival ry commercial warehouse. (12/14/1998) with Romanesque Revival influences. Butcher Hill Historic District It features a large corner bell tower and This property was the site of a major pointed-arch stained-glass windows. Davis and Elkins Historic District (4/20/1984) federal encampment, entrenchment, and This district includes two houses, artillery emplacement during the Civil Graceland and Halliehurst, and associat- War. It is also associated with the Wards ed ice house and gate house. These four Downtown Elkins Historic and Butchers, two locally significant buildings are the remaining resources District families. The small district includes the Tygart Valley Homesteads Historic District associated with two important busi- This district contains the major con- 232 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 233

mill in 1919 and reorganized it as the as Secretary of War under President Randolph County Courthouse Darden Company. The Mill is a large, Benjamin Harrison and U.S. Senator and Jail timber framed, post and beam building from West Virginia from 1895 to 1911. The Randolph County Courthouse was with approximately 10,500 square feet (9/2/1982) designed by J. Charles Fulton, a Penn- on its three floors. (2/2/2005) sylvania architect who, at the time, was Dr. John Irons House in high demand in northcentral West First Ward School This two-story, Italianate-style house Virginia. The courthouse, an important First Ward School’s construction in 1907 was built in 1889 by Dr. John Irons who example of Richardsonian Romanesque heralded a dramatic period of educa- came to the area to practice medicine. architecture, was completed in 1904. It tional improvements in Elkins leading to Irons, along with other professionals and features a massive square tower, rus- the erection of three additional school businessmen, was active in the devel- ticated stone arches, and a rounded buildings. The Classical Revival style opment of Elkins. This group became corner turret. (11/28/1980) of architecture, prominent at the time, known as the 89ers. Irons became the First Ward School contributes toward the understanding first mayor when Elkins was incorporat- Riverside School of modern school design in Randolph ed in 1890. (12/15/1998) Riverside School was constructed centration of the Elkin’s historic com- County at the turn of the century. c.1905 for the education of black youth, mercial buildings. Unlike other county (12/30/2009) Governor H. Guy Kump House grades one through eight. A second seats where the commercial district was This house was designed by Washington, story was added in 1928 when Riverside established near the county courthouse, Graceland D.C. architect, Clarence L. Harding, in became a four-year high school. From the driving force for commercial growth Constructed of West Virginia granite the Revival styles popular in the early its construction until desegregation in in Elkins was the railroad. Self-made in the Norman French style, this house 20th century. It was constructed in 1925 the 1950s, Riverside served as the only businessmen and politicians, Henry was completed in 1892 for Senator for H. Guy Kump, former county pros- public school for the education of Afri- Gassaway Davis and his son-in-law, Henry Gassaway Davis. Davis served as ecuting attorney, World War I army can-American youth in Elkins and the Stephen B. Elkins, founded the town as U.S. Senator from 1871-1883 and was captain and mayor of Elkins. Kump was surrounding area. (12/30/2009) the main terminal on their West Virgin- the Democratic candidate for U.S. Vice later elected circuit judge and became ia Central and Pittsburgh Railway. The President in 1904. With capitol accumu- the governor of West Virginia in 1933. th th Scott Hill district comprises mostly 19 and 20 lated during the Civil War, Davis began (8/18/1983) The brick Queen Anne house at Scott century masonry commercial build- construction of a network of railroads in Hill was constructed in 1892 for Cyrus ings. The commercial styles represented north, central, and eastern West Virginia Pinecrest H. Scott, a significant figure in Elkins include Romanesque Revival, Commer- which served the coal and lumber indus- In 1892, Richard C. Kerens engaged the cial, Neoclassical Revival, and Italianate. tries. (9/19/1970) prestigious Boston firm of Peabody and (11/22/1995) Sterns to design his summer home in Halliehurst Elkins. The house combines elements Elkins Milling Company Constructed in 1890 from the designs of the Norman and Shingle styles and The Elkins Milling Company, chartered of New York architect, Charles T. Mott, features large rounded turrets. Kerens in 1901, built a mill in the railyard of the Halliehurst was the summer home of accumulated his wealth through vari- West Virginia Central and Pittsburgh Senator Stephen Benton Elkins and wife, ous transportation enterprises which Railway that operated from 1902 until Hallie Davis Elkins, daughter of Senator eventually connected him with Henry 1919. At first, a coal-fired steam boil- Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins was a Gassaway Davis and Stephen B. Elkins. er and engine powered the mill which supporter of the Republican party and In 1909, President Taft named Kerens provided a service to area farmers. By distinguished himself in politics in James ambassador to Austria-Hungary. The 1910, the steam engine was replaced by G. Blaine’s bids for the presidency. A name Pinecrest came from a carved pine electric power. Local investor and busi- representative to Congress from his ear- cone finial on the newel post of the main nessman, Ralph Darden, purchased the ly days in New Mexico, he later served stair in the central hall. (12/11/1979) Scott Hill 234 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 235

and Randolph County’s political his- Wees Historic District Harman Vicinity tory. In addition to many other offices This primarily residential neighborhood and positions, Scott served as Randolph was platted in 1890 and continued to Day-Vandevander Mill (Old Mill County Prosecuting Attorney, West grow into the 1950s. Architectural styles Virginia State Senator and Delegate, and include Queen Anne, American Four- at Harman) The Old Mill was built in 1877 as a grist was active in the courthouse war be- square, Gothic Revival, Colonial Revival, mill, powered by water turbines from tween Beverly and Elkins. He resided at Bungalow, and Ranch. The district was Dry Fork River. It is a two-story building Scott Hill with his family until his death home to Frank “Coach” Weimer, an im- which has hand hewn post and beam in 1944. (12/22/2008) portant figure in the city’s sports history, construction. A major addition with a as well as A. Spates Brady, a regional shed roof was added on the north and business leader who also served appoint- east side c.1927. (7/21/1987) ments in state government. The district is anchored by City Park, which includes a statue of Henry Gassaway Davis and Helvetia the WPA-built Monongahela National Day-Vandevander Mill (Old Mill at Harman) Forest headquarters. (3/24/2006) Helvetia Historic District Helvetia was founded by Swiss settlers Huttonsville West Virginia Children’s Home c.1870 who left Brooklyn following the The West Virginia Children’s Home Civil War. Original settlers hastily erect- E. E. Hutton House was authorized by the state legislature ed shelter and plowed the land. Over the The Queen Anne style Hutton House in 1909 for the care and placement of following decades, especially after the was constructed in 1898 by Eugene Elihu orphaned and neglected children. The construction of a sawmill in the 1880s, Hutton, Sr., great-grandson of Jonathan Taylor-Condrey House (Ednalea) two-story brick building, Colonial Re- many buildings were constructed fea- Hutton who was instrumental in devel- vival in style, was constructed in 1910 turing the marks of Swiss workmanship oping the area. It features a tall corner Taylor-Condrey House (Ednalea) and opened the following year. A large and style. The village extends along two turret with steeply-pitched conical roof, Constructed in 1881 for Andrew Tay- portico with Corinthian columns dom- small streams that flow through narrow a deep wraparound porch, and windows lor, this house features a cupola and inates the front of the building. A large valleys with steep hills at the sides. Most with colored glass and diamond-shaped two-story porch, resembling George addition was constructed in 1935 to alle- of the small farms were strips of land lights in the upper sash. (6/11/1975) Washington’s Mount Vernon. In 1904, viate crowded conditions. (11/4/1994) that extended across the valleys and up Taylor deeded the house to his son the hills, with the houses built along the Tygarts Valley Church Blaine W. Taylor, a local lawyer who Glady roads beside the streams. (11/29/1978) One of West Virginia’s most outstanding served in various public offices. In 1930 examples of wooden Victorian-Gothic the house was purchased by Dr. R.J. architecture, this 1883 church is situ- Condrey, a prominent Elkins physician Glady Presbyterian Church and ated on a bluff overlooking the pasto- who named it Ednalea. (8/8/1983) Manse ral Tygarts Valley. The church’s most The early 20th century Glady Presby- striking feature is the tower and spire terian Church building and manse, Warfield-Dye Residence covered with stained glass lancet and along with the WPA-era privy, survive This 2 ½ story Queen Anne house was wheel windows. An octagonal belfry as an excellent example of a small- constructed in 1901 for Harry R. Warf- with louvered openings supports the town church complex. The church is ield, a prominent local banker and rela- magnificent shingled spire. The building significant as an excellent example of tive of Henry Gassaway Davis. The home was designed by noted Philadelphia ar- the Late Gothic Revival style of archi- was later owned by Idellus Dye, general chitect, Isaac Purcell, and constructed by tecture adapted to rural West Virginia. manager of the Coal and Coke Railroad. master craftsman, Lemuel Chenoweth. (11/30/2005) (11/13/1997) Helvetia Historic District (4/15/1986) 236 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 237

Religious Sites in West Virginia In order for a religious property to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it must derive its significance from its architectural, artistic, or historical importance. Because of West Virginia’s rural landscape, churches often serve as community meeting places as well as houses of worship. 7 The Bethel Presbyterian Church, built in 1904, is found in rural Wood County. The Late Gothic Revival style church is adorned Wheeling with pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and crenellation, resembling the medieval churches of Europe. All but two of Morgantown the rural churches in Wood County are simple, front gable buildings, with a steeple located on the front of the church. Martinsburg Bethel’s churchyard cemetery is only one of nine church 1 11 cemeteries in rural Wood County, and still allows for new 3 interments today. 4

th Ruble Church, Wirt County Hebron Church in Hampshire County is a mid-19 century 9 10 Lutheran church in the Cacapon River Valley. Built in a 2 Vernacular Greek Revival style in 1849, the church replaced the original log structure that first housed in the congregation in the late 1700s. The church continues to be used by the West Virginia-Western Maryland Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Huntington Charleston Lewisburg’s Old Stone Church, erected in 1796, is the oldest church in continuous use west of 6 the Allegheny Mountains in the region. Rectangular in shape and built with native limestone, 5 the church is two stories tall and its architecture is common to Virginia during that time. Wyco Church in Wyoming County, built in 1917, is a rectangular frame building with a front-gable roof and lancet windows designed in Late Gothic Revival style. The church was 8 constructed by coal baron Major W.T. Tam’s carpenters for the families of coal miners in the Beckley Wyco coal town community. 12 1. Bethel Presbyterian Church, Wood County Ohev Sholom Temple was designed by Charleston architectural firm Meanor and Handloser 2. Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, Randolph and built in 1925-26 for Congregation Ohev Shalom which was founded in 1887 by Samuel County Gideon and Emanuel Biern. In 1891, the congregation adopted the Reform Jewish Bluefield 3. Gormania Presbyterian Church, Grant County ritual. The temple is now home to B’Nai Sholom 4. Hebron Church, Hampshire County Congregation which includes the original 5. Little Brick Church (Virginia’s Chapel), Kanawha congregation and B’Nai Israel, an Orthodox County synagogue, founded in 1910. The building has an eclectic architectural design with Romanesque 6. Ohev Sholom Temple, Cabell County Revival elements, such as the rounded arch 7. Old Bethany Church, Brooke County entrances, but also features the Byzantine- style of centralized, vertical extensions and a 8. Old Stone Church, Greenbrier County terra cotta squared dome. The Blenko Glass 9. Ruble Church, Wirt County Company provided 16 stained glass windows to 10. St. Bernard Church and Cemetery, Lewis County the temple. The temple continues to serve the Old Pine Church and Cemetery, Hampshire County Jewish community of Huntington. 11. St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church, Jefferson County 12. Wyco Church, Wyoming County 238 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 239

Huttonsville Vicinity 1907 by Fred A. Perley, an engineer educated at Lehigh University and part Ritchie County owner of the local Perley & Crockett Cheat Summit Fort Lumber Company. Rustic characteristics Cairo Cheat Summit Fort was key to the defeat of the 2 ½ story, side-gable house in- of Confederate troops under the com- cludes the hemlock bark siding and the mand of Robert E. Lee during the Sep- Bank of Cairo bark-covered logs which form the porch tember 1861 attack on Cheat Mountain. The Bank of Cairo was established in rail and posts. (9/14/1988) The location was critical to the control 1897 during the height of the oil boom th of western Virginia and the Staunton - of the late 19 century. Renamed the Parkersburg Turnpike, a key route for Mill Creek Vicinity Mutual Bank in 1902, it closed its doors moving men and supplies in the region. in 1931 and did not reopen until 1941 The site is an excellent example of a See-Ward House when it was as the Farmer and Mer- military fort and camp containing many This Federal-style, brick I-house was chants Bank of Cairo. When this insti- features including extensive earthworks. constructed c.1801 by William See, Jr. tution moved to an expanded location (9/27/1990) The See family was prominent in the in the 1970s, the building was conveyed settlement and development of west- to the Town of Cairo. Located in the Fort Marrow ern Virginia. Following brief ownership center of the town of Cairo, this two- and-one-half story brick commercial Fort Marrow is part of a Civil War by David Goff and then Washington J. Bank of Cairo fortification complex (Camp Elkwater) Long, both who served in the Virginia building with classically inspired details has a corner entrance and intact interior and includes a redoubt and encampment Assembly, the house was owned by the Lawrence Mealey and soon after, in area for men who manned the fort. It Ward family. The Wards were prominent lobby. The interior has a pressed metal ceiling with a floral pattern and curved 1807, by brothers Thomas and John was a key Union defensive position in in the development of Randolph County. Harris. The Commonwealth of Virginia the Operations in West Virginia Cam- Located along the Staunton-Parkersburg crown molding elements with a palm motif. (9/19/1996) chartered Harrisville as a town in 1822 paign, specifically in the defeat of Gen- Turnpike, the house was likely used by with plans for it to someday serve as eral Lee’s army at the Battle of Cheat troops during the Civil War. (8/25/1988) a county seat. The development of the Mountain. (7/30/2010) Harrisville county was primarily due to its geo- Wymer Vicinity graphic location along two major east- Jenningston Vicinity Harrisville Grade School west turnpikes that were constructed Middle Mountain Cabins The original school was a four-room between the 1830s and 1850. With pop- Fred A. Perley House The first cabin was constructed in 1931 building constructed in 1878. In 1894, ulation in the county growing, Ritchie The Perley House was constructed in by Ranger Don Gaudineer to provide the school altered its curriculum to also County was formed in 1843 from parts quarters for fire lookouts and as a base serve as a high school. Students came of Wood, Harrison and Lewis Coun- for conducting other service activities. from surrounding communities and ties and Harrisville became the county boarded with local families. To accom- seat. The peak of the county’s oil and It was based on the methods and guide- th lines of Chilson Aldrich’s The Real Log modate the growing student body, a rear gas boom in the early 20 century and Cabin. The other two cabins were built addition was completed in 1904 that the later opening of a garment factory in 1939 as bunk houses for Forest Ser- doubled the building’s size. After a new spurred development in Harrisville. vice personnel and are mirror images high school was built in 1924, the build- (8/18/2011) of each other. They serve as excellent ing became Harrisville Grade School. It examples of standard plan construction features a blend of Italianate and Greek Ritchie County Courthouse employed by the Forest Service and the Revival details. (1/9/1997) Built in 1923, the Ritchie County Court- Civilian Conservation Corps from 1933- house is a fine example of Neoclassical design and features a two-story portico Middle Mountain Cabins 42. (9/27/1990) Harrisville Historic District Harrisville was first settled in 1801 by and two-story clock tower on the main 240 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 241

Branch of the B & O Railroad, sitting Spencer Presbyterian Church roughly half-way between Clarksburg This church was founded in 1874 by and Parkersburg. For many years, the local families. Albert S. Heck served as a fortunes of Ritchie County and the B & member of the board of trustees. Re- O Railroad were closely intertwined. At placing a white frame building; worship the height of the B & O’s tenure, Penns- services began in this Late Victorian boro was a bustling center of commerce brick building on November 29, 1903. and communication. The B & O De- Gothic arched, stained glass windows pot was the nexus of this vital activity. convey various Biblical images in honor Albert S. Heck Mansion (McIntosh Mansion) (3/27/2007) of church members. his death in 1953. The home is an ex- ample of the Neoclassical style of archi- Spencer Vicinity tecture. The north façade has a monu- Ritchie County Courthouse Roane County mental portico supported by Corinthian elevation. Inside, a center rotunda is Spencer Albert S. Heck Mansion columns; demi-lune woodwork above accented by white plaster pilasters with (McIntosh Mansion) the first story windows and the entry Doric capitals, a terrazzo floor with a This stately house was the work of the door sidelights and arched surround star and compass motif, and sandstone Chrystal Water and Power Wallace Knight Construction firm and are characteristic of the Neoclassical wainscoting. A monument to Ritchie Company has many similarities to the Governor’s style. An enclosed sun porch on the east County’s war dead is located on the The Chrystal Water and Power Com- Mansion in Charleston. It was built in side and a covered terrace on the west lawn. This was the second permanent pany is a one-story brick industrial 1925 by Albert S. Heck, a prominent side flank the main block of the house. county courthouse with the first con- building constructed in 1903 as the first businessman in the West Virginia oil (3/5/1999) structed in 1874. County Courthouses of public utility in Spencer providing both fields. During the Great Depression, West Virginia MPS (8/25/2004) ice and power to the local community. Heck sold the home to Frederick McIn- In 1911, the company was reorganized tosh, Jr. who raised Hereford cattle until Summers County Pennsboro as the Spencer Water and Ice Compa- ny and an annex was constructed. The Hinton building includes elements of the Ro- Old Stone House manesque Revival style of architecture. Hinton Historic District The Old Stone House was constructed (3/27/2007) c. 1815 and thrived for many years as an The area of Hinton was first settled by inn because of its location on the North- Isaac Ballangee in 1785. Little settlement western Turnpike between Clarksburg Robey Theatre took place in the area until the arrival The Robey Theatre is the oldest movie and Parkersburg. Stonewall Jackson and of the C& O Railway main line in 1872- theatre in continuous operation in West Sam Houston were among the prom- 73. The lumber and coal industries of Virginia. It was built by Hamond H. inent individuals who are rumored to the New River area insured Hinton’s Robey in 1911, specifically for the exhi- have stayed at the inn. The house also development. A town was platted and bition of films, and was called the Au- served as Pennsboro’s first post office the population grew substantially. The ditorium. Enlarged in 1926, it reopened and was often used for county court. Hinton Historic District represents the as the Robey Theatre with speeches by (7/21/1978) major building activity from 1873-1910. local dignitaries followed by the movie The business and commercial buildings “Kiki” starring Norma Talmadge and are essentially two and three stories in Pennsboro B & O Depot Ronald Colman. The new facade was height with commercial activities on The Pennsboro B & O Depot, construct- a blend of the Italian Renaissance and the first floor and apartments or offices ed between 1883 and 1900, is centrally Neoclassical styles. (3/29/1989) above. They feature stone trim, brick located on what was the Parkersburg Robey Theatre 242 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 243

corbeling, pressed metal cornices and northwest tower leads to the courtroom. Native Americans attacked the home some cast iron store fronts. The res- (3/2/1981) and killed Graham’s son and slave. His idential architecture is an attractive daughter, seven-year old Elizabeth, was mix of traditional vernacular forms Jumping Branch Vicinity taken captive. Eight years later she was such as American Foursquare, Eclectic returned for ransom. The cabin re- Victorian, and Classical Revival styles. mained in the possession of the Graham (2/17/1984; boundary amendment, Cooper’s Mill family for nearly 90 years. (3/16/1976) 7/6/2005) Cooper’s Mill was first constructed in Pence Springs Hotel Historic District 1869 by Robert Calvin “Miller Bob” Lilly, and served the agricultural communities Samuel Gwinn Plantation (Old a casino, staff dormitory, hotel manger’s of the Big and Little Bluestone Rivers Brick Farm) residence, bottling works, and spring- When Samuel Gwinn settled the Lowell house. The resort closed after the stock and the surrounding area. Water-pow- th ered grist mills were used to grind corn, area in the 18 century, he built a mod- market crash in 1929, but the water wheat, and buckwheat into flour and est log house and established a small continued to be bottled until 1936. The meal needed to make bread and for farm. The existing brick house was de- resort was purchased by the state in trade as an economic commodity. In signed and constructed c. 1868 by Silas 1947 and used as a state penitentiary for 1930, Tom Cooper dismantled the log F. Taylor, a trusted local brick mason, for women until 1983. It has served again as mill and reconstructed it with wood Gwinn’s grandson, Andrew “Long Andy” a hotel in recent years. (2/27/1985) framing and board-and-batten siding. Gwinn. The two-story, Greek Reviv- He replaced the wooden waterwheel al house includes later Victorian-style Pipestem Vicinity with a steel Fitz Water Wheel Compa- porches. For most of the latter half of ny waterwheel. The mill operated until the 19th century, the Gwinn family ran 1950. (7/25/2001) a profitable tobacco plantation. Also on Jordan’s Chapel the property are various outbuildings Constructed in 1852, Jordan’s Chapel is including a c. 1910 “Delco House” for located in a peaceful, country setting a Lowell Vicinity generating electricity. 3/8/1989) few miles outside the village of Pipes- tem. The chapel’s simple design contains Colonel James Graham House elements of the Greek Revival style. Built Hinton Historic District Pence Springs This frontier log house was constructed on land donated by brothers Gordon c. 1770 by James Graham and was likely and Thomas Jordan, the Methodist Epis- Summers County Courthouse one of the first houses in this area of the Pence Springs Hotel Historic copal Church served a sparsely populat- Though Summers County was formed state. In 1777, during a period of unrest, District ed section of the county. (2/22/1980) in 1871, it was not until 1877 that con- In 1872, Jesse Beard built the first struction of the courthouse was com- springhouse to dispense the sulphur and plete and it was first occupied. At the alkaline mineral waters and constructed Taylor County time, it was a 48-foot square, two-story the first hotel building. The property was building. By the end of the century, it purchased by Andrew Pence in 1878. He Grafton was transformed into a large, red brick expanded the hotel facility in 1897 and Late-Victorian building whose rectan- built a new springhouse over the min- gular mass featured six symmetrically eral spring in 1901. The present hotel Andrews Methodist Episcopal placed octagonal, nearly identical tow- was built between 1916-1918 after the Church (International Mother’s ers. This c. 1895 renovation was under original’s destruction by fire. A massive Day Shrine) the direction of architect Frank Mil- masonry structure, it is a significant The Andrews Methodist Episcopal burn. The building was enlarged with example of Georgian/Colonial Revival Church, constructed in 1873, held the rear additions in 1923 and again in the architecture. The resort consisted of a Colonel James Graham House first Mother’s Day service on May 10, 1930s. A spiral cast iron stairway in the number of assorted buildings, including 1908. Intended to be a serious and reli- 244 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 245

Grafton National Cemetery Tygart River Reservoir Dam Dedicated in 1868 for the interment of Tygart Dam is a concrete gravity dam Union war dead, this cemetery located with an uncontrolled spillway. The struc- along a quiet residential street, covers ture is 1,921-feet long and 209-feet thick three acres. Although initially intended at the base. The $18.4 million U.S. Army as the final resting place for Civil War Corps of Engineers’ construction proj- veterans, the cemetery now contains ect began in 1934 and ended in 1938. A over 2,100 burials and includes soldiers Public Works Administration project, it from the 1861-1865 conflict to the was authorized for flood control in the present. All burials are indicated by an Monongahela Valley and Pittsburgh and individual small white stone grave mark- for low flow augmentation for navi- Herman August Meyer House er with the inscription of the deceased’s gation purposes on the Monongahela name (if known), rank, unit, and date of River. The design of the dam was a team the Superintendent of the company, the death. The c. 1900 caretaker’s house is effort and included Charles M. Wellons house was acquired by Herman Meyer located at the west end of the cemetery. as principal engineer and Paul Phillipe in 1898. Meyer was born in Wellsburg, Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church (Interna- Pennsylvania and moved to Davis to tional Mother’s Day Shrine) (2/19/1982) Cret as consulting architect. The prop- erty also includes dam tender dwellings, serve as the clerk for the company. gious tribute to American motherhood, Grafton Vicinity maintenance buildings, a concession After his time as clerk, Meyer became the idea of Mother’s Day was developed building, overlook, and resource manag- a widely-respected community leader by Anna Reeves Jarvis. Her daughter, er’s office. (6/23/1995) and businessman. His home was used as also Anna, staged a letter writing cam- Clelland House the town lending library for a period of paign for this tribute and the idea was The Clelland House was built between Webster years, and he served on the Board of Ed- eventually recognized by a proclamation 1790 and 1810 by the Reverend James ucation as the town’s first elected teach- signed by President Woodrow Wilson Clelland and is the oldest surviving er or principal. Meyer lived in this house in 1914. (12/18/1970; National Historic house in the area. This small v-notched Anna Jarvis House until his death in 1919. (7/15/2010) Landmark 10/5/1992) log house was designed with one chim- This simple two-story vernacular frame ney and one large room on each of its dwelling is significant as the birthplace Parsons Grafton Downtown Commercial two floors. Situated on a subsistence of Anna Jarvis, founder of Mother’s farm, the family owned the property into Day. It is also important as Union Major Historic District th the 20 century, supplementing their General George B. McClellan’s first field Tucker County Bank Grafton’s close ties to the railroad are income by timber and working for the headquarters during his 1861 western Built in 1901, this Romanesque Reviv- evident in the orientation of the streets railroad. (6/23/1980) Virginia campaign. The 1854 rectangular al style brick building features a turret and the buildings which served the rail- house fronts the road and stands on a above an angled entrance at the corner road and its patrons. The district bor- slight rise. (5/29/1979) of Walnut and First Streets. Its history ders the railroad line to the south where illustrates the development of a moun- two prominent buildings, the Grafton tain community during the rail and Hotel and B&O Railroad station, dis- Tucker County lumber boom of the early 20th century. play imposing facades to both Main As local fortunes increased, so too did Street and the railroad. The commercial Davis the building’s occupancy and services. district reflects the prosperity that the The building housed various tenants in- railroad brought to town in the late 19th th cluding the Tucker County Bank, a drug and early 20 centuries. Generally, the Herman August Meyer House store, a clothing store, a Masonic lodge, Beaux Arts and Neoclassical architec- The Herman A. Meyer House was built the Board of Education, an insurance tural styles prevail among the commer- c.1891 by the Davis Coal and Coke office, a lawyer’s office and a bus depot. cial storefronts. (4/9/1984) Clelland House Company. Originally constructed for (8/26/2010) 246 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 247

two railroads, two paper mills, three of live entertainment, including vaude- timber reserves. Shortly thereafter, the tanneries, fifteen large saw mills and ten ville, minstrel shows, concerts, stage community, named after Thomas Davis, logging railroads. There were factories, plays and silent movies. (8/29/1979) brother of Henry Gassaway Davis, had a lime kilns, and almost 1,000 coke ovens. post office, hotel, general store, and bak- Rail transportation continued to ride Davis Coal & Coke ery. The community continued to grow this crest of success until the end of the Administration Building and large mills opened nearby to process timber boom in the 1920s. (5/2/1996) The Davis Coal & Coke Administration the timber. The town was chartered in Building was the field operating office 1892, a water system was installed in St. George and mining headquarters for the DC&C 1892, and electricity arrived in 1904. mines from 1900 until the company’s Thomas became the center of business, banking, and commercial activity for St. George Academy closure in 1950. Beginning in the 1880s, the DC&C and its parent company, the the industries that fueled the area’s Tucker County Courthouse & Jail St. George Academy was incorpo- development. The commercial area is rated as a private school on July 20, West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway were the dominant and contin- represented by architectural styles such Tucker County Courthouse & Jail 1885, and was constructed with funds uous presence behind many towns in as Italianate, Renaissance Revival and This courthouse is a massive red brick obtained through a loan and the sale the region including Thomas, Coketon, Commercial. (8/14/1998) building with Romanesque Revival of stock at $5 per share. It served as details. Flanking the massive entrance Benbush, Pierce and Kempton. The a private school for only eight years companies were the result of Henry Thomas Vicinity portal of rock-faced stone are two before being sold to the local Board of towers. The courthouse was designed Gassaway and Thomas Beall Davis’ suc- Education for use as a public school cess in the late 19th and early 20th cen- by West Virginia architect Frank Mil- for children grades one through eight. Fairfax Stone Historical burn in 1898. Next to the courthouse turies. The building played a long-term The school and its dormitory were role in local employment, as dozens of Monument is the Sheriff’s residence and jail, a red constructed local carpenter Daniel L. The current Fairfax Stone Monument brick building with a corner porch. This residents worked in the DC&C building Dumire. It is two stories in height with th is the fifth such monument placed near building was constructed in 1896 and during the first half of the 20 century. a center projecting bay with tower and the head spring of the North Branch of designed by the Wheeling firm of Fran- (10/6/2011) is clad in its original wooden clapboard the Potomac River, and marks the north- zheim, Geisey and Faris. The county siding. (11/29/2001) south line that separates Maryland seat was originally in St. George, but the Thomas Commercial Historic from West Virginia. The monument is county records were “seized” in the mid- District not located at the corner state line, but dle of the night and removed to Parsons Thomas The West Virginia Central Railroad 4,000 feet due south at the confluence of on August 1, 1893 during what has been extended its line to Thomas in August of the Grant, Preston, and Tucker County referred to as the “County Seat War.” Cottrill Opera House 1884 to serve the active coal mines that lines. The stone originally marked the (8/23/1984) Hiram Cottrill arrived in Thomas had opened and to transport the large western property limit of Lord Fairfax around 1887 and worked for the Davis and the northern neck of Virginia. The Western Maryland Depot coal interests, rising to mine superinten- location was first marked by a stone (Parsons Depot) dent. His prosperity, however, rested on placed there on October 22, 1746 by A simple rectangular frame station, the his landholdings and a saloon business surveyors appointed by the King of En- depot was constructed in 1888 as rail- he began around the turn of the centu- gland including Peter Jefferson, father of roads were expanding in this part of the ry. Though Cottrill and the community Thomas. Replacement monuments were state. The West Virginia Central and suffered significant loss after a series of constructed on or near the original lo- Pittsburgh Railroad was formed by Hen- fires, he remained committed to Thom- cation in 1859 (Lt. Michler), 1885 (Davis ry Gassaway Davis and his son-in-law, as. He hired the Clarksburg firm of Coke and Coal Company), 1919 (Joint Stephen Elkins, in the 1880s. It was sold Holmboe and Lafferty to erect one of the Boundary Commission), and 1957 (West to Western Maryland Railroad in 1905. few designed masonry buildings in town. Virginia Conservation Commission.) Parsons was thriving at this time with His new opera house featured a variety Davis Coal & Coke Aministration Building (1/26/1970) 248 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 249

Residential Districts in West Virginia The National Register recognizes not only individual historic resources, but also districts of individual historic resources when linked together by common history, visual character, function or another characteristic. According to the National Register guidelines, the identity of 14 a district results from the interrelationship of its Wheeling resources, which convey a visual sense of the overall historic environment or be an arrangement Morgantown of historically or functionally related properties. 9 10 The two most common districts are found in 13 commercial areas and residential neighborhoods. Martinsburg This insert focuses on residential areas. 7 3 11 The Buckhannon Central Residential Historic District in Upshur County encompasses over 350 5 1 buildings. The district is associated with local 8 12 architect Draper Camden Hughes, who developed Sistersville Historic District, Tyler County more accessible, simpler designs of high-style architecture. The architectural styles range from Greek Revival to Colonial Revival to Craftsman, all of which were popular in the late 19th and early 20th century. Huntington 6 4 Charleston Flanking the West Virginia State Capitol and to the north of the Kanawha River, the East End 2 Historic District in Kanawha County also achieved its primary significance during the late 19th and early 20th century. As urbanization and industrialization caused West Virginians to move into cities, the East End expanded dramatically. Many architectural styles, such as Greek Revival, Victorian, Richardsonian Romanesque, and Neo-Classical, can be seen within the district’s 1. Buckhannon Central Residential Historic District, boundaries. Works by prominent local architects such as Fred Crowther, H. Rus Warne, and Beckley Upshur County Walter F. Martens contributed to 2. East End Historic District, Charleston, Kanawha County the East End, and revitalization 3. Julia-Ann Square Historic District, Wood County projects continue to draw residents 4. Luna Park Historic District, Charleston, Kanawha to this historic neighborhood. County Bluefield 5. Moorefield Historic District, Hardy County Doddridge County’s West Union 6. Mortimer Place Historic District, Huntington, Cabell Residential Historic District contains County homes dating from the 1850s to 7. Old Charles Town Historic District, Jackson County the early 1940s, demonstrating 8. Ravenswood “Old Town” Historic District, Jackson the use of popular architectural County styles from the time period, such 9. South Park Historic District, Morgantown, Monongalia as Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, County and Craftsman. As was the case 10. Sistersville Historic District, Tyler County with most of the early 20th century West Union Residential Historic District, Doddridge County 11. West Union Residential Historic District, Doddridge residential districts, the shift from County an agricultural-driven economy to the industrial economy led to the area’s rise. After U.S. 12. Wees Historic District, Randolph County Route 50 replaced the Northwestern Turnpike, bypassing West Union, the town’s industrial 13. West Martinsburg Historic District, Berkeley County significance declined. Even so, the West Union Residential District’s excellent integrity gives a 14. Woodsdale-Edgewood Neighborhood Historic District, glimpse into its history. Wheeling, Ohio County 250 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 251

The red brick Neoclassical Tyler County prominent oil dealers during the “Oil Tyler County High School, constructed in 1907 and Excitement” of the late 19th and early 20th designed by Alexander and Chaplin, centuries. The three-story brick building Friendly was the state’s first county high school. was designed by W.H. O’Neil. He and (7/9/1993) John Rea, both from Hannibal, Ohio, shared the construction. Two projecting Friendly City Building and Jail wings flank a Colonial Revival portico Friendly was incorporated in 1898 and Tyler County Courthouse and Jail that is supported by fluted columns. the city building was constructed three The brick courthouse built in 1854 was (10/5/1972) years later on property deeded by A.T. altered and redesigned in 1922 by the and Mary Smith. The small frame build- Clarksburg firm of Holmboe and Pogue. ing included a jail cell and a meeting This building is the current courthouse Wells-Schaff House (Welkin) room that also served as a sheriff’s office. for Tyler County. It reflects twentieth Also known as “Welkin,” this grand ex- An all-female city government was elect- century classicism and Beaux Arts de- ample of Federal style architecture was ed to serve in 1937. Led by Mayor Stella tails. The facade has an impressive ped- built in 1832 by Ephraim “Eli” Wells, son Eddy, city improvements included new iment with relief sculpture and is dom- of Sistersville’s founder. The two-story steps up Friendly Hill to the area known inated by a clock tower. The 1874 jail is brick dwelling has a central entrance as Home City. (11/22/1999) stone with a crenellated parapet and is featuring a fanlight and sidelights. It is attached to the courthouse. (6/23/1980) shaded by a single-story portico sup- The Wells Hotel Middlebourne ported by thin Tuscan columns. The Sistersville the town’s prosperity from the oil boom Wells family cemetery, which dates to of 1892-1910, the lot was intended for 1815, is also located on the property. Middlebourne Historic District the county court house. (10/5/1972) (1/7/1986) Although not incorporated until 1871, E.A. Durham House The Durham House was designed in Middlebourne was established by the 1921 by Wheeling architect, Edward Sistersville Historic District Sistersville Vicinity Virginia General Assembly in 1813 and B. Franzheim, for oil executive, E.A. The first settler to the Sistersville area, became the county seat a short time Durham. The house combines elements Charles Wells, had two daughters who later. The discovery of oil and gas in the laid out the town in 1815. Named after Wells-Twyford House th of the Italian Renaissance and Mission Constructed c. 1854, this two-story county in the late 19 century assured them, Sistersville was a small Ohio River styles of architecture. It has a stone and frame I-house originally presided over the town a measure of prosperity and town until the oil boom produced an stucco facade with a tile roof. The house a 622-acre farm. Owned by the Wells stability. The historic district includes expansion of great proportions. With the features a large recessed entryway with family, oil and gas were found on the the courthouse and school complex, the opening of the Sistersville Field in early broken pediment and a Mission-in- property around 1890. The property was Main Street commercial area, and the 1892, the town grew quickly. Buildings spired wall dormer. During construction purchased in 1905 by the Sistersville East Street residential neighborhood. of note in the district include the many allegedly Franzheim purchased a cup Land Company who platted the land banks, the Wells Inn, the City Building, of coffee to show the painter the exact and sold lots. Ella Margaret Twyford and and St. Paul’s Episcopal Church. The shade, café au lait, he desired for the her son, Laman, bought lot #227 and Catherine Street Oil Derrick and Ferry eaves. (6/19/1973) the family lived there through most of Landing are also included. (8/13/1975) the 20th century. A c. 1910 garage is also Sistersville City Hall included on the property. (4/29/1991) Though Sistersville was chartered in The Wells Hotel 1839, the city hall building was not con- Opened in January 1895, the Wells Tyler City structed until 1897 It is a two story, red Hotel was constructed by Ephraim brick and stone building situated on a Wells, grandson of an early settler. The circular lot. Each side of the building has inn served as an important social and William Wells House E.A. Durham House a two-story, three-sided bay. Built during business gathering spot for the region’s The William Wells House was con- 252 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 253

structed early in the 19th century for 1901 who added a second floor. After found at 5 Third Avenue. New houses hired Buckhannon architect, Draper prominent pioneer, William Wells. The financial difficulties, Wilson sold the were constructed in architectural styles Camden Hughes, to transform his brick two-story, end-gable house was con- mill to Hudson V. Fidler. Hudson’s son, popular at the time. Today, the district house into a Neoclassical mansion com- structed of locally quarried sandstone Russell, helped with the mill’s operation; is comprised of approximately 110 acres plete with a three-story turret, Palladian and hand-hewn timbers. It once pre- he also cut hair at the mill. A flood in of primarily single-family residential window, Doric columned entrance por- sided over a prosperous farm. In rec- 1942 washed the dam away and after buildings. Several along South Kanawha tico, and a locally quarried stone veneer. ognition of his service in the American World War II, the family purchased a Street are credited to local architect Post established a dairy on the site in the Revolution and the War of 1812, Wells Hammermill machine to grind the local Draper Camden Hughes. (4/16/2012) 1930s, adding a barn, caretaker’s cottage, was appointed Justice of the Court of cornmeal. Much of the original mill- and a complex of wooden support struc- the newly-formed Tyler County in 1815. ing equipment remains, including twin Downtown Buckhannon Historic tures that includes a granary, hay barn, Wells donated land to the Methodist stone burrs and wool carding equip- District and equipment shed. (7/13/1993) Episcopal Society and built a log church ment. Family ownership ended in 1978. Buckhannon has always which was the first neighborhood (11/24/1997) been the largest munic- Southern Methodist school and community meeting house. ipality in the county and Church (7/21/1987) Buckhannon remains the county’s only The Methodist Episco- incorporated city. The pal Church South con- Upshur County Agnes Howard Hall origin of the county seat’s structed this one-story, “Ladies’ Hall” was built in 1895 as the name is uncertain: the wooden frame building first dormitory on the college campus. town may be named after in 1856. On August Arlington Thought to be the oldest continuously a Delaware chieftain 30, 1862 during a local occupied dormitory in the state, it in- or an itinerant Scot- cavalry raid, Confeder- cluded parlors, a dining room and kitch- tish preacher. The town ate General Albert G. Fidler’s Mill en, laundry, rooms for professors and was located along the Jenkins discovered that In 1848 William Fidler purchased a music rooms. In 1920, it was officially Staunton-Parkersburg the Southern Methodist 200-acre farm which included a mill. He named Agnes Howard Hall in memory Turnpike. Downtown Church was in use as a enlarged the mill in 1849 with the help of a young student. Designed by M.F. Buckhannon, lined with Buckhannon Central Residential federal commissary. He of his family and several slaves. The wa- Geisey of Wheeling, this four-story, red- commercial buildings Historic District forced his Union prison- ter power came from a dam upstream on brick late Victorian eclectic building ex- and business blocks from ers to empty the build- the Little Kanawha River. A wooden mill th hibits strong Italianate influences. Chief the late decades of the 19 century and ing and burn the supplies in the street. race diverted water to power a 20-foot th among these are the wide, flat eaves the first of the 20 , has served the retail Following the Civil War, the church was overshot wheel which engaged the gears supported by modillion brackets, arcad- and business needs of the county and not used until 1887 when the Protestant and shafts to power the mill stones. The ed bays, and three towers. (8/18/1983) the area for decades. The architectural Episcopal Church began meeting there. family sold the mill to E.G. Wilson in styles represented include Italianate, Purchased in 1891, the new congre- Romanesque Revival and Neo-Classical gation remodeled the building adding Buckhannon Central Residential Revival, as well as a variety of buildings Gothic Revival elements to the original Historic District representing vernacular building tradi- Greek Revival style building. By 1903, Much of the area located within this tions in Buckhannon and Upshur Coun- the new congregation had added an en- historic district was once part of a farm ty. (12/31/2009) try vestibule and bell tower, lancet win- owned by John Smith. In 1892, Smith dows with stained glass, and an 18-foot- deeded streets and alleys to the city for high tongue and groove wooden vaulted public use. With streets and alleys in William Post Mansion In 1891, Upshur County businessman ceiling. The building ended its service as place, Smith’s farm was sold off, divided and state senator, William Post, bought a church in 1986 when it was purchased and platted over the following decades the 1860s Bastable House located on the by the Upshur County Historical Soci- to meet the demands of the growing Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike. Post ety. (7/29/1992) Fidler’s Mill city. Built c.1874, his own house, is 254 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 255

cal appointee Z.D. Ramsdell relocated Huntington Vicinity to Ceredo from Massachusetts at the request of the town’s founder, Eli Thayer, in 1858. Ramsdell built this Greek Reviv- Camp Mad Anthony Wayne In 1921, the Rotary Club of Huntington al house in 1858 using brick from a local purchased property near Twelve Pole brickyard. A later, wooden clapboard Creek to establish a camp. The farm- addition is at the rear of the house. house became the first camp headquar- Following his service with the Quarter ters and mess hall while several cabins Master Corps of the Union Army in and other recreation facilities were French Creek Presbyterian Church the Civil War, Ramsdell was appointed constructed. Camp Anthony Wayne was by President Grant to rebuild the war Joseph S. Miller House French Creek operated by the Boy Scout Council from damaged postal service. He served as a that time until 1935. By 1939, financial postal inspector until his death in 1886. pressures forced the Rotary Club to sell Webster County French Creek Presbyterian (8/18/1983) the camp to the Huntington Board of Church Park Commissioners who renamed the The first members of the French Creek Coe Vicinity Fort Gay Vicinity park Camp Mad Anthony Wayne, con- Presbyterian Church emigrated from structed new buildings, and made other New England to what was then Monon- improvements. The buildings exhibit Laurel Run Rockshelter galia County, Virginia to seek a more Wildcat Branch Petroglyphs The Laurel Run Rockshelter contains Situated on an exposed sandstone sur- many features of rustic style architec- beneficial climate. The original church intact stratified deposits which range face, the Wildcat Branch were rediscov- ture, including the varied brickwork, building, constructed in 1851, was in age from 6000 B.C. to 1200 A.D. and ered in 1974 by a man landscaping his exposed woodwork, and the exposed burned by Union forces during the Civil include prehistoric ceramics, projectile property. The petroglyphs were remem- chimneys. (12/12/2002) War. After the close of the war and the points, and utilized flake scrapers. The bered by his wife’s grandmother as the rebuilding of the church in 1866, the site could provide important informa- “Turkey Rock.” The origins of this local congregation created the French Creek Kenova tion on cultural history, adaptive strat- name are unclear, since the animal forms Institute which trained Thomas E. egies, and lithic utilization in the upper depict four aquatic birds and one bea- Hodges and Robert A. Armstrong, who Gauley River Basin uplands. Rockshelters ver. The origins of the petroglyphs can Joseph S. Miller House both later became presidents of West Constructed next to the Norfolk and on the Gauley Ranger District, Mononga- be linked to the Fort Ancient culture. Virginia University. Also among the list Western Railway, the Queen Anne hela National Forest Multiple Property (7/22/1979) of notables from the Church is West Miller House reflects the status of one Submission (6/3/1993) Virginia naturalist, Alonzo Beecher of Kenova’s primary commercial and Brooks, who through his Nature Lead- civic leaders. Joseph S. Miller served as Cowen Vicinity er’s Training School in Wheeling, and clerk of the Cabell County Circuit Court many publications, raised awareness for and was appointed as Commissioner of the preservation of the state’s natural Internal Revenue by President Grover Camp Caesar resources. (12/24/1974) Cleveland in 1876. Miller also partici- Responding to the growing 4-H move- pated in the efforts to encourage railroad ment in Webster County, Camp Caesar construction to Kenova. Following the was developed in 1922 with small shel- Wayne County end of his federal appointment in 1889, ters and tents. Soon after, more substan- Miller built the present house in 1891. tial buildings were constructed including Ceredo The house exhibits Eastlake-inspired an octagonal assembly hall now known spindlework on the wrap-around porch as Gregory Hall and a dining hall. Built and a three-story tower with a steep in 1928, Council Circle is an octagonal Z. D. Ramsdell House pyramidal roof. (3/29/1989) wood timber structure with a central Abolitionist, businessman, and politi- Z. D. Ramsdell House open oculus which serves as a smoke 256 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 257

and heat vent for campfires. After the sources in West Virginia State Parks and County and neighboring Nicholas Coun- Run. Covered Bridges of West Virginia onset of the Great Depression, the Forests Multiple Property Submission ty after a boundary dispute. (9/2/1982) (6/4/1981) Works Progress Administration contrib- (2/4/2011) uted immensely Webster Springs to the devel- Mills Mountain Vicinity opment of the camp, building Morton House several rough-cut Craig Run East Fort Rockshelter The Morton House was constructed in stone cottages, This rockshelter includes intact depos- 1912 for Eskridge H. Morton, a promi- a pool and pool its, such as charcoal and calcined bone nent local attorney and elected official house, dining hall fragments, which could yield important who served in the West Virginia House Camp Caesar expansion, stone information on subsistence patterns and of Delegates and Senate. The brick walks, retaining lithic procurement/utilization in the Queen Anne house features two corner walls, and other features. A National upper Gauley River Basin uplands. Rock- turrets with conical roofs, a wraparound Youth Administration Camp was es- shelters on the Gauley Ranger District, porch, and a prominent dormer with tablished next to the camp in 1939. Monongahela National Forest Multiple Palladian window. (4/15/1986) The campus has not only been used for Property Submission (6/3/1993) county 4-H camps, but also for the state- Wheeler wide youth Conservation Camp, various Replete Vicinity church camps, theatrical performances, Lowther Store (John A. Hinkle New Martinsville Downtown Historic District family reunions, the county fair, and Mollohan Mill other events. (12/30/2009) and Son Store) Built by local carpenter and surveyor, The John A. Hinkle and Son Store was New Martinsville Bernard Mollohan, in 1894, it operated constructed c.1900 by local carpenter, Hacker Valley Vicinity until a 1950s-flood washed away the George Reuben Anderson, for local New Martinsville Downtown dam and one water wheel. The interior lumberman and school board member, of the mill reveals the stout post and John Hinkle. The general store provided Historic District New Deal Resources in Holly The buildings that comprise the New beam framing system, complete with dry goods, groceries, animal feed, and River State Park Historic District pegged joints and poplar supports. Mol- Martinsville Historic District represent Holly River State Park began with land hardware to the people of the Wheeler th th lohan achieved local importance after he a full range of 19 and early 20 century acquisitions during late 1935 to create area. The store was also the location of won the bid to construct Webster Coun- commercial architectural styles. Cen- a new national park. Management was the town’s post office from 1903 until ty’s first courthouse in 1866. Mollohan tered around the 1902 Wetzel County turned over to the WV Conservation 1952 where Hinkle’s son Perry served as was also called upon in 1882 to survey Courthouse, the district’s buildings Commission in 1938. Associated with postmaster. (4/7/1997) and readjust the line between Webster display elements of the Romanesque the New Deal programs for work relief, Revival, Italianate, and Colonial Reviv- conservation, and developing recre- Wetzel County al styles. New Martinsville became an ational opportunities within each state, important river port on the Ohio River. local masons completed the stonework, The area experienced a surge in prosper- including cabin chimneys and fireplaces, Hundred Vicinity ity after the Ohio River Railroad reached and local blacksmiths created the ham- the town in 1884. The 1926 movie “Stage mered iron hardware. The National Park Struck” starring Gloria Swanson was Service (NPS) assisted with the initial Fish Creek Covered Bridge One of the two remaining covered filmed in town and premiered at the planning and park design. The Works bridges in the state with the single King- Lincoln Theatre. The Viking Glass Com- Progress Administration (WPA) was post truss design, the bridge is 12 feet pany, once the New Martinsville Glass responsible for the first construction by 36 feet in length. Dating to 1881, the Company, achieved national recognition projects within the park. New Deal Re- Mollohan Mill bridge is located near the mouth of Rush for its colorful products. (9/23/1988) 258 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 259

North Street Historic District Wirt County Assembly to be the meeting place of the dominated by a center, full-height porti- This area of New Martinsville reflects county and circuit courts at the time of co supported by four Ionic columns and the historic importance of the railroad to Wirt County’s formation in 1848. During four Ionic pilasters. County Courthouses the formation of the townscape. North Burning Springs the first meeting of the circuit court, of West Virginia MPS (8/25/04) Street formed a corridor of development Arthur I. Boreman, later to be the first from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Governor of West Virginia, was granted Palestine Vicinity Burning Springs Complex permission to practice law in the new to the downtown area. Some of the The second petroleum oil well in the county. (7/24/1974) district’s buildings include the houses of nation was drilled along the banks of the merchants, commercial warehouses, and Buffalo Church Little Kanawha River in the summer of The Buffalo Church, constructed by hotels that all depended on the railroad 1860. Following the Drake Well in Penn- Kanawha Hotel Andrew McCoy and Matthew McClung, for their livelihood. The district presents Manlove Beauchamp’s house was built sylvania by only a year, the oil well, sunk is a simple one-story, front-gable build- an appealing mix of Queen Anne, Shin- c. 1800 and converted into a tavern by J. V. and J. D. Rathbone, produced be- ing with two entrance doors on the front gle, American Foursquare, and Colonial in 1833, beginning a long history as a tween 40 and 50 barrels of oil per hour facade below a short square bell tower. Revival stylistic elements. (6/7/1997) hostelry that did not end until 1918. and led to the establishment of the town The congregation’s beginnings date to The core of the building consists of the of Burning Springs and an extensive about 1878 when a subscription school original hewn timber house. Frame War Memorial Building industrial complex. The Rathbone broth- was taught by Victoria Thomas. Prayer additions and clapboard siding date to The War Memorial Building was ded- ers forged early links with the Rocke- meetings soon followed. Local members c.1870. The expansion of the old tavern icated in 1929 as a lasting monument feller family of Standard Oil fame. The constructed the church building. Built coincides with the town’s growth at the to the Wetzel County men who served Burning Springs Complex was destroyed of heavy hand-hewn logs between 1884 head of the Little Kanawha River. Eliza- in World War I. Acting on a provision in a spectacular fire by the Confederate and 1886, clapboard siding was placed beth was the point where barrels trans- in the West Virginia State Code that forces of General William E. Jones on over the log exterior in 1909. A cemetery ported by wagon from Burning Springs permitted the county to enact a levy May 9, 1863, causing a financial loss in and two outhouses are located on the were transferred to steamboats for the for monument construction, the local excess of $40,000,000. (5/6/1971) church property nearby. The outhouses passage down river to Parkersburg. The Kiwanis Club and the Marne Post 28 were built by a Works Progress Ad- Kanawha Hotel, situated near the court- American Le- ministration (WPA) work detail in the Ruble Church house and the river landing, provided gion began seek- Ruble Church was named for Aaron Ru- 1930s. The interior woodwork, including lodging to judges and oil field workers ing petitions to ble, a Wirt County Justice of the Peace, the ceiling was made from local lumber alike. The hotel became a private resi- present to the who desired to construct a non-denom- between 1887 and 1891. (1/29/1990) dence in 1928 after the end of the river county court. inational meetinghouse for all persons trade and the completion of the first After Post 28 except those of “Northern Principles.” paved highway to nearby Parkersburg in successfully gath- This comment reveals the discord over 1924. (11/25/1986) ered the needed growing Northern and Southern differ- signatures, do- ences in the mid-19th century. Built from War Memorial Building nated two town massive hewn logs chinked with clay and Wirt County Courthouse lots, and raised wood strips, the rectangular, front-gable Wirt County was formed in 1848 from $12,000 for the project, the county church has changed very little since its portions of Jackson and Wood Counties. formed a War Memorial Board com- construction in 1854. (4/9/1982) Two previous courthouses succumbed posed of World War I veterans. They to fire before the current courthouse retained prominent Wheeling architect, building was constructed in 1911. The Millard F. Giesey, for the design and Elizabeth construction was paid for through a construction of the new building. The bond approved at a special election in two-story building has a buff brick fa- Beauchamp-Newman House 1910. The courthouse is a two-and-one- cade with Neo Classical design elements Built as the residence of Alfred Beau- half story, brick building designed in the that include keystones, stone trim, and champ around 1840, this brick building Neoclassical style popular in many West Wirt County Courthouse round-arch windows. (7/9/1997) was chosen by the Virginia General Virginia courthouses. The main façade is 260 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 261

Wood County in the heart of the downtown. The build- Henry Cooper House family for 75 years until it was converted ing features a rounded corner turret and This two-story log house was built in to business use in 1963. It is one of the mansard roof with prominent dormers. 1804 in nearby Mineral Wells. In 1910, few remaining examples indicating the Parkersburg Historic Resources of Downtown Parkers- the Daughters of American Pioneers former residential character of the city’s burg (12/10/1982) negotiated the sale of the house from core area. Historic Resources of Down- the descendants of Henry Cooper to town Parkersburg (10/8/1982) Carnegie Library the City of Parkersburg. Shortly after, it Built in 1905 with a gift of $34,000 from was moved to City Park and restored. It House at Tenth Avenue and Andrew Carnegie, this Neo-Classical serves as an example of an early historic Avery Street Revival building served as Parkersburg’s preservation effort. (2/6/1986) Constructed c.1870, this house features first public library. The two-story brick an outstanding display of ornamenta- building features grey stone details and a First Baptist Church tion. With elements of both the Eastlake centered pediment flanked by Doric col- Although the congregation formed in and Carpenter Gothic styles, it has cut- umns. Historic Resources of Downtown 1817, this building was not construct- away bays, bargeboards with sunbursts, Parkersburg (10/8/1982) ed until 1871 after Deacon Lysander and curvilinear sawn work and pen- Dudley presented plans from a similar dants. Historic Resources of Downtown Avery Street Historic District Cook House church from Wallingford, Connecticut. Parkersburg (12/10/1982) Built in 1825 by Tillinghast A. Cook, this Constructed at the height of the Itali- Avery Street Historic District house is associated with the area’s early anate and Romanesque Revival period, Avery Street and its adjacent streets settlement period. It is identified by its the church displays elements of each developed as Parkersburg’s first suburb three-part composition. Constructed architectural style including arched to the north of the commercial center. of brick with Federal style details, it windows with hoodmolds and heavy As the city expanded in the early 20th includes a two-story center block with brick corbelling. The building features century, this residential neighborhood flanking, side-gable wings. It features corner towers with pinnacles and center grew rapidly and displayed a variety of a central semi-elliptical fanlight and steeple. Historic Resources of Downtown architectural styles popular at the time. tall chimney stacks. Cook served in Parkersburg (12/10/1982) Known as the “Avery Street Extension,” the War of 1812 and was the sheriff of available lots and newly constructed Wood County in 1853-57. Cook was a First Presbyterian Church homes received the attention of local local activist in the doctrinal dispute Designed by the architectural firm Jackson Memorial Fountain advertisements. Some of the city’s lead- between the North and South Methodist Crapsey & Brown in 1894, this church ing architects worked on the designs for Churches before the Civil War. His de- displays elements of the Romanesque the residences, including W. A. Patton, scendants continued to live in the house. and Gothic Revival styles. Construct- Jackson Memorial Fountain Richard H. Adair, S. B Sanderson, and (6/7/1978) ed of uncoursed stone, it features large The fountain, located at the entrance to a young H. Rus Warne. Some interior polygonal towers, a central octagonal City Park, was installed in 1905 when woodwork is the work of the Parkers- tower, and Gothic arched windows. the City Beautiful movement encour- burg Mantel Company. (4/15/1986) The building was sold to Calvary Tem- aged urban planning efforts that instilled ple Church in the late 1940s. Historic beauty and monumental grandeur to Blennerhassett Hotel Resources of Downtown Parkersburg the city scape. Originally three tiers, The Blennerhassett Hotel was Park- (12/10/1982) the Lady of the Lake statue is mount- ersburg’s premier hotel in the late 19th ed on the highest tier of the cast iron century serving travelers and railroad Gould House fountain. It features carvings of curling executives. The brick Romanesque Re- S.L. Gould, owner of the Parkersburg vines, a winged head of a man on four vival-style building was constructed in Mill Company, built this eclectic brick sides, and sculpted concrete lions. The 1889 and stands on a prominent corner Victorian house in 1888. It stayed in the fountain honors General John Jay Jack- Cook House son who served on the staff of Andrew 262 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 263

Jackson and who also supported Virgin- new site for their church, a historically and a rich interior with pocket doors, ia’s secession from the Union in 1861. African American Methodist Episcopal ornate fireplace mantles, built-in cabi- (8/23/1984) congregation. The current brick building nets, and parquet floors. (8/1/2012) was constructed in 1891 displaying ele- ments of Romanesque Revival architec- George Neale, Jr. House (Pence ture. It features a tower entrance, stained Building) glass windows, and corner pinnacles. Built in 1840, this Greek Revival house Historic Resources of Downtown Parkers- was the second home constructed by burg (12/16/1982) George Neale, Jr. Noteworthy features of the building include elliptical fan Masonic Temple lights in the gable and the sidelights and Oakland (James M. Stephenson House) The Masonic Temple was designed by transom of the front door. Neale’s first Ohio architect Frank L. Packard in 1915 house was built on Blennerhassett Island ersburg National Bank, he was married with the aid of Parkersburg architect, in 1833, after his purchase of the upper to Agnes Boreman, sister of West Vir- Theodore Sansbury. The building, de- end of the island. He was the owner of a ginia’s first governor, Arthur I. Boreman. signed in the Beaux Arts style, has a base general store in Parkersburg and direc- (5/29/1979) constructed of smooth stone which con- tor of the Northwestern Bank. During trasts with the upper brick floors. It fea- the 1880s the Neale home was con- Oeldorf Building tures a colossal arcade, a wide cornice, a verted into law and real estate offices. This four-story brick building includes parapet with balustrades, and masonic (1/10/1980) Julia-Ann Square Historic District a variety of Classical motifs, including a insignia medallions. Historic Resources tin cornice with Greek key frieze, car- of Downtown Parkersburg (10/8/1982) Julia-Ann Square Historic Oakland (James M. Stephenson touches, swags, and pilasters. Its intact District House) storefront was patterned after a Balti- This residential district dates to roughly Mather Building Oakland is a red brick, Greek Revival more store. Historic Resources of Down- Originally built as a jewelry store c. 1875-1915 and includes the homes of house. It was built c. 1840 for James town Parkersburg (12/10/1982) 1898, this building’s use remained part many prominent citizens such as Peter McNeil Stephenson, a locally prominent of the jewelry retail trade during the 20th G. Van Winkle, politician and business- attorney, landholder, and politician. Parkersburg High School - century. The three-story, Classical-style man, local bank officials, the superinten- Stephenson supported early internal building is constructed of rusticated Washington Avenue Historic dent of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, improvements to the area, including stone and displays smooth stone pilas- District county commissioners, county and fed- expansion of the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- ters, decorative brackets, and parapet The Parkersburg High School campus eral circuit court officials, as well as local road and the James River & Kanawha with date stone. Historic Resources of and residences lining Washington Ave- civic and church leaders. It contains fine Canal. An early president of the Park- Downtown Parkersburg (10/8/1982) nue make up this historic district. De- examples of late Victorian styled houses, signed by architect Frank Packard and including Second Empire, Gothic Reviv- completed in 1917, the Jacobethan-style al, Eastlake and Queen Anne. Riverview Dr. W.W. Monroe House brick high school building features a The Monroe House was constructed in Cemetery and Nash School are also central pavilion flanked by two parapet 1898 for Dr. Watson Wesley Monroe, a within the district. Carriage houses and towers. The entrance hall is vaulted with Parkersburg dentist and his wife. It was outbuildings are found on the rear alleys plaster friezes. Additions constructed designed by master architect H. Rus (5/24/1977) in 1929 were designed by architects H. Warne very early in his career and rep- Rus Warne and Theodore T. Sansbury. resents the Queen Anne style of archi- Recent additions are also sympathetic Logan Memorial United tecture. Common elements of the style to the character of the original build- Methodist Church found in the Monroe House include bay ing. Between 1901 and 1914, 22 houses In 1871, Henry and Lavinia Logan gave windows, turrets, a wrap-around porch, generously to fund the purchase of a Dr. W.W. Monroe House were built along Washington Avenue. 264 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 265

By 1921, 52 houses were constructed Sharon Lodge No. 28 IOOF Hall brick facade. The Smoot was a popular east of Plum Street to Park Avenue. Dr. This 1897 brick lodge hall combines vaudeville and movie house in its early Shirley M. Prunty was the first to place several Romanesque Revival characteris- years. Historic Resources of Downtown an electric street tics including broad stone arches, squat Parkersburg (10/8/1982) light in front of his colonettes, pilasters with pinnacles, and home and he con- deep medieval corbeling. The Chateau- St. Francis Xavier Church vinced his neighbors esque roof is fronted by two stepped Visible from all approaches, the belfry of to do the same. He parapets. The building is the earliest St. Francis Xavier Church is a prominent secured electricity known work of prominent state archi- landmark. The building was designed by from the West Penn tect, Harry Rus Warne. Historic Resourc- architect P.C. Keeley and constructed Tavenner House Power Company. By es of Downtown Parkersburg (10/8/1982) in 1869-70 in the Romanesque Revival 1940 the street was style with Gothic influences. The brick Federal style house was built c. 1812. A fully developed and Sixth Street Railroad Bridge load-bearing walls support the nave’s 1½ story addition was built during the paved. Architectural Designed by engineer W.E. Porter, this barrel vault ceiling with bolted timber Civil War. It is associated with Colonel styles of the early 1869-71 railroad bridge used 50,000 trusses. Murals found in the sanctuary Thomas Tavenner, a prominent early th 20 century are yards of stone for the 53 piers and is ele- depict a series of religious scenes and citizen. He served as a member of the represented well in vated over Sixth Street. The steel struc- were painted by German artist Daniel Virginia House of Delegates, a justice the neighborhood. ture, which tops the piers, was rebuilt c. Mueller in three-dimensional bas-relief. of the peace, president of the Wood Parkersburg High School – Washing- (7/16/1992) 1914-1917, and one span was rebuilt in (12/22/1978) County Court, deputy sheriff and dep- ton Avenue Historic District uty marshal, as well as a colonel in the 1972. It includes a combination of deck th Parkersburg Woman’s Club and through trusses. Historic Resources Tavenner House 113 Regiment of the Virginia militia. The frame home was built c. 1870 of Downtown Parkersburg (12/10/1982) The original two-story section of this (11/10/1982) and became home to the Parkersburg Woman’s Club in the 1920s. It displays W.H. Smith Hardware Company Trinity Episcopal Church elements of the Italianate style of archi- Building Rectory tecture including overhanging eaves and The W.H. Smith Hardware Company This rectory was built in 1863 during the bracketed cornice. Historic Resources of was established in 1874. The current tenure of Dr. William L. Hyland, fourth Downtown Parkersburg (10/8/1982) building, displaying characteristics of rector of Trinity Parish, and used for Romanesque Revival architecture, was a residence until it became offices for Quaker State Windmill constructed in 1899 after a fire de- the church in 1919. The Second Empire The Quaker State Windmill service stroyed the previous building. The store style of the building is unusual in the station was constructed in 1928-29. was significant in the commercial devel- downtown area. It features a mansard Its unique wooden windmill centered opment of the city’s courthouse neigh- roof with decorative brackets and heavy on the rooftop drew attention to the borhood. The company remained in the molding. Historic Resources of Down- company’s presence in the Parkersburg building until the 1980s. (5/2/2003) town Parkersburg (12/10/1982) region. The Sterling Oil Company, later called Quaker State Oil, commissioned Smoot Theatre Trinity Protestant Episcopal the stucco building. It was designed by The Smoot Theatre was constructed Church architect W. F. Miller and built by the by the Smoot Amusement Company The asymmetrical facade of this 1878 Plate Construction Company. George in 1926. Classical details decorate the church rises to a corner tower and in- Nichols of Newport, Ohio erected the facade with fluted Ionic columns sup- corporates Gothic Romanesque Revival windmill and powered it from an engine porting a flat cornice. A decorative detailing. Designed by A.C. Nash of that operated through the rear end of an band with brackets tops the building, Cincinnati, the church features a large old Ford automobile. Historic Resources detracting the eye from the simple red rosette window, corner pinnacles, Goth- of Downtown Parkersburg (10/8/1982) St. Francis Xavier Church 266 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 267

ic arches, and a hammer-beam roof. building is smooth dressed stone on property includes the original wine cel- Historic Resources of Downtown Parkers- the first story and brick above. It has a lar and the c.1920 American Foursquare burg (12/10/1982) U-shape plan, modillion block cornice, house built on the site of the original and prominent bay windows. Historic Meldahl house, which burned in the Wood County Courthouse Resources of Downtown Parkersburg 1890s. It was constructed by the local The Wood County Courthouse was (10/8/1982) builder, Lewis Fankhauser. (5/17/1991) constructed by local contractors Cald- well & Drake in 1899 from the designs of Parkersburg Vicinity Waverly architect L.W. Thomas of Canton, Ohio. The Richardsonian Romanesque design Tracewell House (Maple Shadows) features a massive entrance tower, steep- W.H. Bickel Estate Bethel Presbyterian Church The Bickel House was constructed Bethel Presbyterian Church was con- ly pitched corner pavilions with pyra- Parkersburg terminal. In addition to the c.1930 for W.H. “Wig” Bickel, a success- structed in 1904 in the Late Gothic Re- midal roofs, gabled wall dormers, rock- defensive trenches, the fort once includ- ful oil and gas entrepreneur who later vival style of architecture. The building faced stone construction, and arched ed barracks and a powder magazine. decided to use his wealth to build a com- displays the highest style architecture openings. It is the third courthouse for (4/17/2003) munity park on his estate. He populat- of Wood County’s rural churches from the county and contains the 1860 bell ed the grounds with wildlife and built the same time period. It not only has the from the second. Theodore Roosevelt a half-mile horse track, a menagerie, Tracewell House (Maple pointed arch windows, but also displays spoke from the Market Street entrance and picnic grounds. Bickel was closely Shadows) Gothic Revival style tracery, finials, and during his 1912 presidential campaign. involved in the design of the stone house This Greek Revival I-house was built in brickwork. The congregation was estab- (8/29/1979) which features elements of Craftsman 1835 and was the residence of Edward lished in 1845 and worshiped originally and Tudor Revival styles. (2/11/2004) P. Tracewell, the county sheriff in 1850. in William McKinney’s home. The cur- Union Trust and Deposit A supporter of the Union cause, Trace- rent church replaced a frame building. Company Blennerhassett Island Historic well presided over a meeting of county (3/31/2014) A classical cornerstone for the central citizens in March 1862 regarding the business district, this 1903 building was Area ratification of the constitution for the Originally a cluster of islands, this land Williamstown constructed for oil magnate, Johnson N. proposed new state of West Virginia. mass is now approximately three miles Camden. Camden was the Democratic (4/26/1991) long. The northern end was the location nominee for governor in 1868 and 1872, of Harman Blennerhassett’s mansion and later served as a U.S. Senator in the constructed in 1800. Blennerhassett and Washington Vicinity late 19th century. His heirs later con- his wife fled the island after the collapse veyed the building to the Union Trust of his treasonous conspiracy with Aar- and Deposit Company. The seven-story Meldahl House and Wine Cellar on Burr. The mansion burned in 1811, After purchasing property next to while being rented by the George Neale, his German in-laws in Wood County Sr. family. It was reconstructed in the c.1850, Danish immigrant, Christian 1980s-90s as a house museum and is Emil Meldahl, built a winery and wine part of the state park system. Archaeo- cellar and established a successful vine- Bethel Presbyterian Church logical evidence indicates that the island yard. Wine was produced from Catawba, was prehistorically inhabited. (9/7/1972) Muscadine, Concord, Virginia Seedling grapes and other varieties. The c.1860 Tomlinson Mansion Fort Boreman wine cellar is a cut-stone vaulted struc- This two-story brick I-house was con- Fort Boreman, a Civil War fortification ture and may have had a sky light and structed in 1839 for Joseph Tomlin- built in 1863, was garrisoned by the an underground ventilation system of son III, once a member of the General th 11 Virginia Regiment for the defense tunnels. Meldahl died in 1914, the year Assembly of Virginia. It overlooks the W.H Bickel Estate of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and West Virginia passed prohibition. The Ohio River. John James Audubon was a 268 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 269

guest in his home during his travels to log smokehouse (1836), carriage barn research the blue bird and other native and school room (1860), a sand stone birds of the Ohio Valley. (7/24/1974) mounting block, corncribs, scale house, two barns and a tenant house. A stone Williamstown Vicinity terrace wall marks the edge of the building complex and the fields. The family cemetery includes the graves of Henderson Hall Historic District the Henderson and Tomlinson families. This 65-acre historic district represents (4/17/1986) the agricultural economy along the Ohio River of the 19th century and the con- tributions of the Henderson family to Wyoming County the Ohio River Valley. It was originally established by George Washington Hen- derson who, after marrying Elizabeth Itmann Ann Tomlinson, consolidated more than 2,000 acres into his ownership. Bottom Itmann Company Store and land between the house and the river Office Itmann Company Store and Office served as pasture for cattle and hors- The Pocahontas Fuel Company built 1906. By the end of the first decade Wyco Church exhibits elements of the es, as well as agricultural fields. Their the town of Itmann, named in honor th of the 19 century, the town of Mul- Late Gothic Revival style of architecture three sons continued farming the land of its founder, Isaac T. Mann, in 1916. th lens was established as the center of a including lancet windows and belcast through the first half of the 20 century. In overall design, the town formed a booming coal and timber area. Devel- (flared) eaves. (3/31/2010) The original house, constructed in 1836, semi-circular arc around a central point oped hastily, by 1925 Mullens had been now serves as a wing to the three-story that would later become the site of the incorporated, flooded, twice burned, Italianate-style house designed by J.M. company store building. The coal com- Pineville and extensively rebuilt. After these cata- Slocomb in 1856. In addition to the pany hired regional architect, Alexander strophic events, a city ordinance forbade high-style house, the farm includes a B. Mahood, to design the building and the use of wooden construction in the Wyoming County Courthouse spent two years cutting, moving, and downtown area, most buildings in the Built in 1916 after repeated attempts laying locally quarried stone for its new district exhibit modest brick and stone to move the county seat elsewhere, the company store and offices. When it was th versions of early 20 century commercial Wyoming County Courthouse stands completed in 1925, the building dwarfed architecture. (11/16/1993) as a symbol of both Pineville’s success most coal company store buildings in and Wyoming County’s early 20th cen- the state. Mahood designed a rambling tury coal boom expansion. The court- random ashlar stone structure com- Mullens Vicinity house was built from locally quarried prised of two main parapet gabled units stone and designed in the Neoclassical connected by a round-arched loggia and Wyco Church Revival style by Charleston architect, a central courtyard. (11/28/1990) The Wyoming Coal Company flourished A.F. Wysong. The front portico is a fine in the early 1900s with the operation of example of this style’s classical elements. Mullens the Jack Pot mine working the Pocahon- Three wide, grassy terraces raise the tas No. 4 seam. In addition to the Wyco courthouse a respectful distance above Church, constructed c. 1917, the Wyco the town. The courthouse shares its site Mullens Historic District Coal Camp included a company store, with a stone jail built in 1929 from the The Mullens Historic District reflects boarding house, sandwich shop, movie same materials and in a complementary the rapid changes associated with the theater, an African American church, style. (11/27/1979) coming of the Deepwater Railroad in Henderson Hall Historic District and approximately 150-200 houses. The 270 WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF CULTURE AND HISTORY STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE 271

Schools in West Virginia Because of West Virginia’s terrain, many of the early schools in the state were simple, white- washed frame buildings, usually attended by those who could walk to them. The rural school- houses often housed all of the grades together, sometimes in just one room, like the Windy Run Grade School in Braxton County. As West Virginia’s cities and communities grew, the one room schools were replaced by elementary, junior and senior high schools. Built in 1889, Windy Run Grade School only measures 24 feet wide by 28 feet deep. Ending its function as a school in 1963, it is a typical example of what rural schools looked like for the time period. There are some examples, 1 Wheeling however, of schools being built in a high-style in rural Morgantown communities. The Whitesville School 4 Martinsburg in Boone County is 12 10 an example of this 6 11 transition. 8 The Whitesville School is located in 2 Sherman and was 7 3 built in 1931. Prior 14 to the construction Huntington of the current Charleston 5 school building, 9 Whitesville Circleville School, Pendleton County students attended school in a small 13 wood-frame building, which was destroyed in a fire in 1929. When new plans for the school were being proposed, the school district had only one major request: that the new building Beckley needed to be up to the current safety standards in every detail, including fireproofing. 1. Cathedral Parish School, Ohio County The building is an excellent local example of the Art Deco style, featuring vertical bands of 2. Cedarville High School Gilmer County windows, entrance “towers,” and low-relief deco-style brickwork. 3. Circleville High School, Pendleton County 4. Dunbar School, Marion County The 1990s Coal Heritage Survey documented 76 schools in Boone County. Within the county, Bluefield 5. Garnet High School, Kanawha County the Whitesville School’s Art Deco architecture stood-out among the rural schools, most of 6. Harrisville Grade School, Ritchie County which were completed in a simple, vernacular style. While other schools exemplified the 7. Homestead School, Randolph County traditionally academic Neoclassical or Collegiate Gothic high-style, the Art Deco Whitesville 8. Krenn School, Doddridge County School conveyed a modern, streamlined design. 9. Nicholas County High School, Nicholas County Many communities continue to support their local schools. Parkersburg High School has 10. Parkersburg High School, Wood County been at its current location for 100 years; it hosts an annual Football Ice Cream Social, parades, 11. Quiet Dell School, Harrison County concerts and of course, alumni reunions. Schools such as First Ward in Elkins and Clendenin 12. Shipley School, Jefferson County Middle have been converted to provide apartment housing for their communities. Garnet High 13. Whitesville School, Boone County School in Charleston is a career center for adult education. 14. Windy Run Grade School, Braxton County