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Almanac on Security Sector Governance in Ukraine 2010

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Almanac on Security Sector Governance in Ukraine 2010 Almanac on Security Sector Governance in Ukraine 2010 Partnership Network Security and Defence Management Series no. 2 Almanac on Security Sector Governance in Ukraine 2010 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) www.dcaf.ch The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces is one of the world’s leading institutions in the areas of security sector reform (SSR) and security sector governance (SSG). DCAF provides in-country advisory support and practical assistance programmes, develops and promotes appropriate democratic norms at the international and national levels, advocates good practices and makes policy recommendations to ensure effective democratic governance of the security sector. DCAF’s partners include governments, parliaments, civil society, international organisations and the range of security sector actors such as police, judiciary, intelligence agencies, border security services and the military. 2010 Almanac on Security Sector Governance in Ukraine 2010 Geneva, 2010 Partnership Network, Almanac on Security Sector Governance in Ukraine 2010, edited by Merle Maigre and Philipp Fluri (Geneva: Geneva Centre for the De- mocratic Control of Armed Forces, 2010). Security and Defence Management Series no. 2 © Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2010 Executive publisher: Procon Ltd., <www.procon.bg> Cover design: Hristo Bliznashki ISBN 978-92-9222-116-4 (DCAF) ISBN 978-954-92521-2-5 (Procon) FOREWORD Strengthening the role of a civil society in providing for effective oversight of security activities and developing civil society expertise in defence and security issues are amongst the principal objectives of NATO-Ukraine co-operation in implementing de- fence and security sector reform. It was with these policy objectives in mind that at the 2006 High-Level NATO-Ukraine Consultations under the chairmanship of the Secre- tary General of NATO in Sintra, Portugal thirteen Allied countries and Ukraine estab- lished the NATO-Ukraine Partnership Network for Civil Society Expertise Develop- ment – an initiative which aims to increase interaction between civil society groups and security practitioners in NATO countries and Ukraine thus facilitating the establishment of strategic partnerships between Ukraine’s civil society and security institutions. The NATO-Ukraine Partnership Network also provides a framework for open exchanges of views and a free flow of ideas about the roles of civil society in formulating and imple- menting national defence and security policies and developing ways in which civil so- ciety groups could be involved in defence and security sector reforms. Since its inception the Partnership Network has achieved progress in facilitating the involvement of civil society organisations in Ukraine in national security and defence. Participating NGOs have established a number of task forces which bring together Ukrainian and Allied civil society actors to focus on concrete projects in a number of areas of significant importance. These include a Task Force on National Security Pol- icy and Reform which aims to strengthen the capacity, cohesion, and impact of Ukraine’s security community on the national security transformation; a Task Force on Monitoring Euro-Atlantic Reforms which aims to mobilize non-governmental experts in a monitoring consortium for Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic reform plans including the Annual National Programmes of Ukraine (ANP); a Task Force on Defence Industry Coopera- tion and Reform which seeks to help Ukraine’s defence industry modernise and adapt to Euro-Atlantic integration; a Task Force on Building Integrity which aims to involve Ukraine’s civil society in building integrity, pursuing anti-corruption measures, enhanc- ing transparency and fostering accountability across Ukraine’s security and defence sector; a Task Force on Security Sector Reform and Human Security Issues which seeks to facilitate civil society’s engagement in human security oversight; and a Task Force on Economic Security the primary objective of which is to assist in developing and implementing economic security policies, and to monitor defence expenditures in Ukraine. In 2007 Switzerland kindly offered the services of the Geneva Centre for the De- mocratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) to act together with the NATO Liaison Office in Ukraine as one of the Executing Agents for the Partnership Network. Since then v vi Foreword DCAF has contributed to a number of projects under the initiative and supported the organisation of a number of events which the Partnership Network launched. This collection of articles by Ukrainian civil society and governmental experts on Ukraine’s defence and security policy and security sector reform is another example of an im- portant contribution which DCAF provides in support of the NATO-Ukraine Partnership Network and its objectives. The collection is also another example of how effectively the civil society in Ukraine could support national debates on security and defence is- sues. I am strongly convinced that—as Ukrainian democracy continues to consolidate— the role of civil society organisations in Ukraine in both providing for democratic gov- ernance of Ukraine’s security sector and contributing to a national consensus on the strategic direction of Ukraine’s security policy will be increasingly important. Therefore, the NATO Liaison Office in Ukraine, which I have a privilege to lead, will continue our co-operation with Ukrainian, Allied, and Partner civil society organisations in realising the policy objectives of the NATO-Ukraine Partnership Network. I also thank DCAF and Switzerland for their outstanding support in pursuing in Ukraine the strategic objectives of the Partnership for Peace and welcome the par- ticular importance which they attach to the development of one of the greatest strengths of Ukraine which is her civil society. Marcin Kozieł Head, NATO Liaison Office, Kyiv PREFACE Western observers of the Ukrainian defence and security sector have, for a long time, been reduced to comments and analysis by Western experts and/or Ukrainians teaching at higher learning institutions in Europe and the US. Alternative Russian sources have retained a distinctive flavour of their own. The present Almanac, compiled and edited as a contribution to the NATO ‘Partner- ship Network’ initiative with funding from the Swiss Ministry of Defence, is the first col- lection of essays by Ukrainian civilian experts overviewing all Ukraine’s security sector institutions in the English language. The contributions to this volume, some of them first published in Ukraine in 2008 and 2009, are of importance not only for their con- tents, but also for allowing the readers to judge for themselves the level of civilian ex- pertise on security sector governance in Ukraine. It is understood that the authors are giving their own views, which do not necessarily coincide with established views of the facilitating agency, the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF). DCAF has continuously cooperated with the Ukrainian parliament and defence ministry since December 2000. The present work of the Centre is focused on Ukraine’s Strategic Defence Review and defence management reform in general in what has turned out to be a most inspiring and enriching cooperation programme for all those involved. The ‘Partnership Network,’ developed in 2008/9 and now operational, is a fairly recent addition to an already quite comprehensive cooperation portfolio. Again, DCAF—under a Swiss mandate—has been privileged to be able to contribute to the shaping of the initiative at its early stages of conceptualisation, and is now ready to assist with its implementation. The experience gathered in similar programmes— including civil society capacity development programming with the United Nations Development Programme—will thus at least in part be transferred through this NATO platform. Geneva, 25 February 2010 Philipp Fluri Deputy Director, DCAF vii CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 The National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine in the Strategic Management of National Security .................................................................. ...........3 Volodymyr Horbulin and Oleksandr Lytvynenko Chapter 2 Ukraine’s National Security in the XXI Century: Challenges and the Need for Collective Action................................................................. .........12 V.P. Horbulin – Razumkov Centre (collective work) Chapter 3 Democratic Civilian Control of the Security Sector in Ukraine: Experience and Problems .............................................................................. .........23 Georgy Kryuchkov Chapter 4 Ukraine in the Regional and Global Security Structure .................................. .........33 Oleksiy Melnyk Chapter 5 Public Debate on NATO in Ukraine................................................................ .........53 Ilko Kutcheriv Chapter 6 Judicial and Criminal Justice Reforms: The Fight Against Corruption............ .........61 Dmytro Kotliar Chapter 7 Ukraine’s Security Sector: Formation and Development of the Strategic Management System ............................................................ .........70 Oleksandr Belov and Oleksandr Lytvynenko Chapter 8 The Armed Forces of Ukraine ........................................................................ .........79
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