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Proceedings of an International Symposium 18 May 2012 , Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

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Proceedings of an International Symposium 18 May 2012 , Peradeniya, Sri Lanka URBAN LAKE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT Proceedings of an International Symposium 18 May 2012 , Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Editors S. Pathmarajah K.B.S.N.Jinadasa M.I.M. Mowjood URBAN LAKE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM Editors S. Pathmarajah K. S. B. N. Jinadasa M.I.M. Mowjood Assistant Editor K.P.D.C.H. Kaushalya Sponsors Cap-Net Lanka Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA), Peradeniya University of Peradeniya & AA Science Platform Program on ‘Development of bio-engineering by vegetation and for wetlands as a solution of environmental and natural disaster problems for expanding urban fringe zone in Asia’, Japan Society for the Promotion ofScience (JSPS) Publisher Cap-Net Lanka Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka, 2012 Urban lake monitoring and management: Proceedings of aninternational symposium, 18 May 2008, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Editors: S. Pathmarajah, B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), M.Phil. Agric. (Sri Lanka), D. Tech. Sc. (AIT) [email protected] K. S. B. N. Jinadasa , B. Sc. Eng. (Sri Lanka), M. Sc. Eng., Ph. D. (Saitama) [email protected] M.I.M. Mowjood, B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), M. Sc. Agric., Ph.D. (Iwata) [email protected] Assistant Editor: K.P.D.C.H. Kaushalya, B.Sc. Agric., M.Sc. NRM (Sri Lanka) [email protected] University of Peradeniya Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Panel of reviewers: E.R.N. Gunawardena, Prof ., B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), Ph.D. (Silso) S. Pathmarajah, B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), M. Phil (Sri Lanka), Ph.D. (AIT) M.I.M. Mowjood, B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), M. Sc. Agric., Ph.D. (Iwata) L. W. Galagedara, B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), M. Sc. (Japan), Ph. D. (Canada) N.D.K. Dayawansa, (Ms.), B. Sc. Agric. (Sri Lanka), M. Sc. (AIT), Ph.D. (Newcastle) © 2012 Cap-Net Lanka Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Responsibility of the contents of the papers in this proceedings rest with authors. ISBN 978-955-0597-01-7 ii Preface Despite the small and shallow nature of urban lakes, they play a vital role in urban landscape, ecosystem and the environment. They often play a role in recreation, water supply, flood control and other direct and indirect human uses. The quality and quantity of water reaching the urban lakes are strongly influenced by watershed utilization associated with rapid urbanisation. Since urban watersheds could produce higher nutrient and heavy metal loads from runoff due to contributions from municipal wastewater discharges and sewage overflows compared to other watersheds, urban lakes become more polluted than non-urban lakes. In addition, internal sources like bird and fish droppings, sediment release, etc. also could contribute to nutrient load. Because of the shallow nature and nutrient richness, urban lakes tend to be dominated by aquatic weeds. The studies tracking the changes in urban lake water quality as a function of watershed development are found in isolation and needs to be compiled to understand the dynamics. Cap-Net Lanka– the local arm of the Global Capacity building Network in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is mandated to impart new knowledge and disseminate the knowledge generated by the local institutions and individuals in the field of IWRM in Sri Lanka. As such, this symposium is organised to provide a common forum to the students, researchers, managers, administrators, and policy makers in Sri Lanka to share the current knowledge on urban lakes related issues and learn from the experience of the scientists from the other countries. On behalf of the Cap-Net Lanka, I extend my gratitude to the Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA), Peradeniya, University of Peradeniyaand the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for co-sponsoring the symposium. We are thankful to the visiting scientists from Japan, Singapore and India for accepting our invitation to attend this symposium and making their invaluable contributions. I also extend my sincere gratitude to all the invited guests, presenters and the audience without whom this event wouldn't have been a success. I appreciate the service rendered by the reviewers who helped to improve the quality of thisproceedingsimmensely. The support extended by the academic and academic-support staff members and the students of the University and the PGIA are greatly appreciated. My special thanks go to Ms. Lakmali Chathurika, Ms. S.H. Madushani Dahanayake, Mr. Nuwan Wijewardana and Mr. K.P.D.C.H. Kaushalya for the Administrative and Technical support rendered. S. Pathmarajah Symposium Coordinator / Editor iii Message from the Coordinator of JSPS Science Platform Program The JSPS AA Science Platform Program is designed to create high potential research hubs in selected fields within the Asian and African regions, while fostering the next generation of leading researchers. The three-year program proposed by SaitamaUniversitycollaborating with three Sri Lankan universities (Univ. of Moratuwa, Univ. of Peradeniya andUniv. of Ruhuna) has been selected as one of the promising distinguished programs by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Exchanges will be conducted under the leadership of the core institution (SaitamaUniversity) and joint research, seminars and other scientific meetings, and researcher exchanges will be organized and carried out effectively under the program. It is also anticipated that the hubs formed by the core institutions will continue to carry out important research activities after funding for the project has ended. I am happy to deliver this message at the occasion of this International Symposium on Urban Lake Monitoring and Management in which JSPS AA Science Platform Program is also a partner. I hope the symposiumwill provide an excellent opportunity to establish fruitful international collaboration between the above-mentioned universities. I would like to thank Dr. S. Pathmarajah, Dr. S. Jinadasa and Dr. M.I.M. Mowjood from University of Peradeniya for their efforts in organizing this symposium. Norio Tanaka Coordinator of JSPS AA Science Platform Program on ‘Development of bio-engineering by vegetation and for wetlands as a solution ofenvironmental and natural disaster problems for expanding urban fringe zone inAsia’ Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Professor at Saitama University, Japan iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I Impact on Etroplus suratensis (pisces: Cichlidae ) population attributed to human induced hydrological modifications to the Koggala lagoon, Sri Lanka . G.P.Amarasekara1, Tilak Priyadarshana, Jagath Manatunge, and Norio Tanaka 1 Possible solutions mitigating pollution at Kandy lake, Sri Lanka. K.B.S.N.Jinadasa, C.S.Kalpage, G.B.B.Herath1. C Devendra, W.J. Ng, S.K. Tan 11 Algal bloom and lake water quality: a case study of toxin producing cyanobacteria, ( Cylindrospermopsis racibroskii ) in Nuwarawewa, Anuradhapura. J. K. Ariyawansa, M.I.M. Mowjood, and E.I.L. Silva 15 Mixing states of Koggala lagoon in dry season. E. Furusato, G. P. Amarasekara, S. Yasuda, T. Priyadarshana and N. Tanaka 25 First field experience on application of floating wetland in urban lake water restoration in Sri Lanka. S.K.Weragoda, K.S.B.N. Jinadasa and Ng Wun Jern 35 Volume II A strategic framework for an integrated water management and water supply chain for an urban centre: watersheds, reservoirs, and water supply network – security & risk. Prof. Tan Soon Keat 49 Sustainable management of urban lakes environment and ecosystem: a case study on lakes of Udaipur. Sonal Gupta 57 Integrated lentic and lotic basinmanagement (IL 2BM) forurban lakes: water governance for sustainability and livelihood of people. Sandeep Joshi 67 Seasonal variation of water quality and plankton of lake Gregory, Sri Lanka. M. B. U. Perera, S. K. Yatigammana, S. A. Kulasooriya , N.P. Athukorala 75 Why proactive water management is important for urban lakes? The case of Kandy lake. Silva, E.I.L and Herath Manthritilake 87 Urban lakes as multiple use systems: need for coordination among stakeholders and institutional arrangements. R Dalwani 97 Restoration of the riparian zone of lake Richmond through landcare. Kamal Melvani and S. Pathmarajah 107 v Urban lakes in stormwater management of an urban centre. Xiaohua WEI, Dongqing ZHANG and Soon Keat TAN 119 Nutrient removal in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Dong Qing Zhanga, Junfei Zhua, Yifei Lia, Richard M. Gersbergc, Soon Keat Tanb 127 Determination of the current status of water quality in some economically important water bodies in Sri Lanka. Azmy S.A.M., Weerasekara K.A.W.S., Hettige N.D., Wickramaratne C. and Amaratunga A.A.D. 135 Assessment of causes for frequent occurrences of fish kill incidents of Sri Lanka with special reference to water quality. Weerasekara, K.A.W.S., Azmy S.A.M., Hettige, N.D., Wickramarathne, C., Amarathunga A.A.D., Heenatigala P.P.M. and Rajapakshe, W. 145 Agriculture and water pollution: a study in catchment of lake Gregory and agricultural areas in Nuwara Eliya. H.P. Henegama, N.D.K. Dayawansa, Saliya De Silva 153 Assessment of the effects of surface water pollution on reduction of land value using GIS; a case study of the hamilton canal in Wattala D.S. Division. W.D.K.V. Nandasena, H.M.Paba Herath, S.I.S. Subasinghe 165 vi Volume I Session of JSPS AA Science Platform IMPACT ON Etroplus suratensis (PISCES: Cichlidae ) POPULATION ATTRIBUTED TO HUMAN INDUCED HYDROLOGICAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE KOGGALA LAGOON, SRI LANKA G.P.Amarasekara 1, Tilak Priyadarshana 1, Jagath Manatunge 2, and 3 Norio Tanaka 1 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences & Technology, University of Ruhuna,Sri Lanka. 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa,Sri Lanka. 3 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan. ABSTRACT This study investigated how the groyne constructed at the lagoon mouth of Koggala has been affected the green chromide, Etroplus suratensis, population.
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