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Stunning Sri Lanka
Stunning Sri Lanka itinerary Stunning Sri Lanka Stunning Sri Lanka Day 1 Colombo Airport - Kandy (Approx. 3 hours and 20 minutes’ drive) Welcome to Sri Lanka! On arrival at Colombo airport, you will meet your chauffeur and he will accompany you to the hotel in Kandy. Kandy – often referred to as the hill capital of Sri Lanka, this bustling town offers a diverse variety of experiences to its visitors ranging from history, culture and simple scenic beauty coupled with a touch of urbanity. It was the last Sinhalese Kingdom that fell under British rule in 1815. The journey to this mellow weathered city can be quite enjoyable, particularly by train owing to the scenic delights that lie alongside. The city’s colonial architecture has been preserved well even in the backdrop of rapid urbanization. Close to the city’s centre is the prime landmark - Sri Dalada Maligawa that houses the sacred tooth relic of Buddha. Apart from the ancient monuments of the Kandyan era, the delightful jumble of antique shops and the bustling market in the city also make up for interesting places of visit. Arrive Kandy and transfer to hotel. Rest of the day at leisure. Overnight stay in Kandy. Meals: Dinner Day 2 Kandy - Pinnawala - Kandy (Approx. 1 hour and 30 minutes’ drive) After breakfast, excursion to Pinnawala elephant orphanage. Pinnawala -famous because of the elephant orphanage located in the area. It is a must-visit as it would definitely add an unforgettable experience to your stay in this paradise isle. Established in Stunning Sri Lanka 1975, it operates as a nursery, orphanage and captive breeding ground for elephants. -
National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka
National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka Central Environmental Authority National Wetland Directory of Sri Lanka This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and printing of this document was carried out with the financial assistance of the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka. i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI. This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and publication of this directory was undertaken with financial assistance from the Royal Netherlands Government. Published by: The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka. Copyright: © 2006, The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the International Water Management Institute. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. -
List of Rivers of Sri Lanka
Sl. No Name Length Source Drainage Location of mouth (Mahaweli River 335 km (208 mi) Kotmale Trincomalee 08°27′34″N 81°13′46″E / 8.45944°N 81.22944°E / 8.45944; 81.22944 (Mahaweli River 1 (Malvathu River 164 km (102 mi) Dambulla Vankalai 08°48′08″N 79°55′40″E / 8.80222°N 79.92778°E / 8.80222; 79.92778 (Malvathu River 2 (Kala Oya 148 km (92 mi) Dambulla Wilpattu 08°17′41″N 79°50′23″E / 8.29472°N 79.83972°E / 8.29472; 79.83972 (Kala Oya 3 (Kelani River 145 km (90 mi) Horton Plains Colombo 06°58′44″N 79°52′12″E / 6.97889°N 79.87000°E / 6.97889; 79.87000 (Kelani River 4 (Yan Oya 142 km (88 mi) Ritigala Pulmoddai 08°55′04″N 81°00′58″E / 8.91778°N 81.01611°E / 8.91778; 81.01611 (Yan Oya 5 (Deduru Oya 142 km (88 mi) Kurunegala Chilaw 07°36′50″N 79°48′12″E / 7.61389°N 79.80333°E / 7.61389; 79.80333 (Deduru Oya 6 (Walawe River 138 km (86 mi) Balangoda Ambalantota 06°06′19″N 81°00′57″E / 6.10528°N 81.01583°E / 6.10528; 81.01583 (Walawe River 7 (Maduru Oya 135 km (84 mi) Maduru Oya Kalkudah 07°56′24″N 81°33′05″E / 7.94000°N 81.55139°E / 7.94000; 81.55139 (Maduru Oya 8 (Maha Oya 134 km (83 mi) Hakurugammana Negombo 07°16′21″N 79°50′34″E / 7.27250°N 79.84278°E / 7.27250; 79.84278 (Maha Oya 9 (Kalu Ganga 129 km (80 mi) Adam's Peak Kalutara 06°34′10″N 79°57′44″E / 6.56944°N 79.96222°E / 6.56944; 79.96222 (Kalu Ganga 10 (Kirindi Oya 117 km (73 mi) Bandarawela Bundala 06°11′39″N 81°17′34″E / 6.19417°N 81.29278°E / 6.19417; 81.29278 (Kirindi Oya 11 (Kumbukkan Oya 116 km (72 mi) Dombagahawela Arugam Bay 06°48′36″N -
International Conference on Heritage As Soft Power- 2019
International Conference on Heritage as Soft Power Abstracts Volume Centre for Heritage Studies University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka 2019 Copyright © December 2019 CENTRE FOR HERITAGE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF KELANIYA International Conference on Heritage as Soft Power by the Centre for Heritage Studies, University of Kelaniya ISBN 978-955-704-134-6 Editor in Chief Prof. Anura Manatunga Director, Centre for Heritage Studies, University of Kelaniya email: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Facts and opinions published herein are solely personal statements made by the respective authors. Authors are responsible for the contents of their research papers including the accuracy of facts and statements and citations of resources. Centre for Heritage Studies, University of Kelaniya and its editorial committee disclaim any liability for violations of other parties’ rights, or any damages incurred as a consequence of the research published herein. Printed by Mega E Cafe Kandy Road, Dalugama, Kelaniya. Published by Centre for Heritage Studies, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. [email protected] International Conference on Heritage as Soft Power Abstracts Volume 26th - 27th December 2019 Centre for Heritage Studies University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka Editor in Chief Prof. Anura Manatunga Editors Ms. Nadeera Hewawasan Ms. Nadeeka Rathnabahu Ms. Piyumi Embuldeniya Board of Editors Ms. D. A. G. Ariyasinghe Ms. K. B. R. Punsarani Bandara Ms. A. M. S. Jayavindi Ms. S. A. P. Dheeman Cover page Design Mr. H. A. Gayan Madushanka Message from the Vice Chancellor, University of Kelaniya It is indeed a great honor for me to offer this message for the “International Conference on Heritage as Soft Power 2019” of the Centre for Heritage Studies, University of Kelaniya. -
2011 Spring 2 Edition | Enlightened Times
TIENLIGHTENEDMES Article by Jaipal Singh The Sacred Bodhi Tree Photos by Prem Mirihagalla At Dhammasara Nuns' Monastery, we feel extremely blessed to have received a sapling from the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. We are very grateful to Venerable Dr. Pallegama Sirinivasa Atamasthanadhipathi Nayaka Maha Thero for granting us this rare opportunity. We were deeply inspired by the kindness of this great Nayaka Maha Thero who gave recognition and respect to the Bhikkhuni sangha. He invited the Bhikkhunis to lead the procession and carry the sacred sapling from Bomaluwa to Mahavihara. This rare and auspicious ceremony took place at the Bomaluwa temple in Auradhapura on Friday the 4th November, 2011. The Co-Abbots of Dhammasara, Ven. Nirodha and Ven. Hasapanna, as well as newly ordained Sāmaneri Kāruṇika and Mrs. Ber Sun, went from Australia to take part in Ven. Nirodha and Ven. Hasapanna leading the procession with the Bodhi sapling. this ceremony. arranging very nice accommodation for us and Mr. The Co-Abbots held the bodhi tree in unison and Asiri Dayan for providing us a very comfortable This is to commemorate that, a sacred sapling walked on a procession to the Mahavihara lead by van for the entire period in Sri Lanka. sprouted from a seed of the Jaya Sri Maha traditional Sri Lankan drummers and trumpeters. Bodhi planted in 236 BC at the Maha Special thanks goes to director general of This event would not have been possible without Viharaya in the Maha Meghavana Udyanaya the kind and very generous support from a large Peradeniya Botanical gardens, Dr. -
Ancient Water Management and Governance in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Until Abandonment, and the Influence of Colonial Politics During Reclamation
water Article Ancient Water Management and Governance in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Until Abandonment, and the Influence of Colonial Politics during Reclamation Nuwan Abeywardana * , Wiebke Bebermeier * and Brigitta Schütt Department of Earth Sciences, Physical Geography, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.), [email protected] (W.B.) Received: 30 October 2018; Accepted: 21 November 2018; Published: 27 November 2018 Abstract: The dry-zone water-harvesting and management system in Sri Lanka is one of the oldest historically recorded systems in the world. A substantial number of ancient sources mention the management and governance structure of this system suggesting it was initiated in the 4th century BCE (Before Common Era) and abandoned in the middle of the 13th century CE (Common Era). In the 19th century CE, it was reused under the British colonial government. This research aims to identify the ancient water management and governance structure in the dry zone of Sri Lanka through a systematic analysis of ancient sources. Furthermore, colonial politics and interventions during reclamation have been critically analyzed. Information was captured from 222 text passages containing 560 different records. 201 of these text passages were captured from lithic inscriptions and 21 text passages originate from the chronicles. The spatial and temporal distribution of the records and the qualitative information they contain reflect the evolution of the water management and governance systems in Sri Lanka. Vast multitudes of small tanks were developed and managed by the local communities. Due to the sustainable management structure set up within society, the small tank systems have remained intact for more than two millennia. -
Beautiful, Natural Places and Tourist Attractions in Sri Lanka
Available online at http://www.institutebiopaleogeography-darwin.com/ IBPG 3 (2021) 1-44 eBook ISBN 978-83-949342-2-4 Beautiful, natural places and tourist attractions in Sri Lanka K. A. I. L. Wijewardena Gamalath 209, Liyanwala, Padukka, Sri Lanka E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT This report presents the beautiful and cultural places in Sri Lanka attracting tourists. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is an island nation in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean enrich with beautiful white sandy beaches, lush green landscapes varying from rainforests to peak wilderness sanctuaries, Buddhist monasteries and accented by a cultural history dating back thousands of years. Sri Lanka has been a popular place of attraction for foreign travelers as early as the 410’s AD/CE, the Chinese traveler Fa-Hien in the twelfth century and the Italian explorer Marco Polo claiming “best island of its size in the world”. Tourism in the island nation is the third largest foreign exchange earner. The airport and seaports have been closed to tourists for several months due to the pandemic. Discussions are underway to reopen the airport to tourism under a phased programme in January 2021. Keywords: Sri Lanka, beaches, central highlands, wilderness and wild life, archaeology and history, spiritual pursuits ( Received 27 December 2020; Accepted 13 January 2021; Date of Publication 14 January 2021 ) The Institute of Biopaleogeography named under Charles R. Darwin 3 (2021) 1-44 The Institute of Biopaleogeography named under Charles R. Darwin Publisher’s Address: Scientific Publishing House “DARWIN” 22, Adama Mickiewicza Street, 78-520 Złocieniec, District Drawski, West Pomerania, Poland Cite of this eBook: K. -
The Geography of Buddhist Pilgrimage in Asia
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Geography Faculty Publications Geography Program (SNR) 2010 The Geography of Buddhist Pilgrimage in Asia Robert Stoddard University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geographyfacpub Part of the Geography Commons Stoddard, Robert, "The Geography of Buddhist Pilgrimage in Asia" (2010). Geography Faculty Publications. 27. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geographyfacpub/27 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography Program (SNR) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Pilgrimage and Buddhist Art, ed. Adriana Proser (New Haven & London: Asia Society/Yale University Press, 2010), pp. 2-4, 178. Copyright © 2010 Robert H. Stoddard. The Geography of Buddhist Pilgrimage in Asia Robert H. Stoddard A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place motivated by reli- where a religious leader was born, delivered spiritual guid- gious devotion. Although the term may be applied to a med- ance, or died. Pilgrimages may also occur at locations sancti- itative search for new spiritual experiences, prolonged wan- fied—according to the worldview of devotees—by miracles derings, or travel to a place of nostalgic meaning for an and similar divine phenomena. In some religions, the impor- individual, here the word refers to the physical journey to a tance of particular places is enhanced by doctrines that obli- distant site regarded as holy. As defined in this essay, pilgrim- gate adherents to make pilgrimages to designated sites. -
Lake Gregory, Alien Flora and Urban Aqua-Environments in a Misty City of Sri Lanka
52 LAKE GREGORY, ALIEN FLORA AND URBAN AQUA-ENVIRONMENTS IN A MISTY CITY OF SRI LANKA Shirantha, R. R. A. R 1., Amarathunga, A. A. D2. and Pushpa Kumara, N. W. J 3 1Research Officer, Inland Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka 1E-mail: [email protected] 1Telephone: +94-11-2521005; Fax: + 94-11-2521005 2Research Officer, Environmental Studies Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka 2E-mail: [email protected] 2Telephone: +94-11-2521009; Fax: + 94-11-2521009 3Research Assistant, Inland Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka 3E-mail: [email protected] 3Telephone: +94-11-2521005; Fax: + 94-11-2521005 Abstract: Lake Gregory in the uppermost hill capital of Sri Lanka is a man made water-body built to enhance the site esthetic beauty. Now it has to act as a waste sinker, having lost its ability to supply bathing/ recreational/agricultural water. A series of short studies on its floral composition and water quality parameters were done from 2007 to 2009 through direct visual observations and the APHA standard methods to quantify its current ecological conditions and future sustainability. Floral composition of the lake was found to dominate by Alien Plant Species (APS) demonstrating rapid spatial changes from time to time. Myriophyllum sp. , Polygonium sp, Salvinia molesta , Eichhornia crassipes, Ceratophyllum demersum and Pistia stratiotes were the dominant APS of which E. -
The Jewels of Sri Lanka 8 – 21 March 2020
THE JEWELS OF SRI LANKA 8 – 21 MARCH 2020 FROM £3,680 PER PERSON Tour Leader: Verity Smith ANCIENT PAST, COLONIAL TRADITION AND ENCHANTING SCENERY The beautiful island of Sri Lanka, with its ancient past, colonial tradition, spectacular scenery and lush tropical jungle, will enchant everybody, and this tour is a fascinating introduction to this very special country. It encompasses impressive rock- hewn fortresses, magnificent second and third century BC temples - many UNESCO World Heritage Sites - ethereal religious sites and ruined cities, botanical gardens, wildlife sanctuaries, tea plantations and an unspoiled Victorian hill station. Our journey begins in the capital city of Colombo, from which we head inland to Habarana to explore the cultural triangle. We see Sigiriya, an impressive rock-hewn fortress, and the beautifully preserved remains of the 11th century capital, Polonnaruwa. We then travel south to Kandy, last capital of the Sri Lankan Kings where we explore the city with its important Buddhist Temple of the Tooth, vestiges of colonial rule and Royal Peradeniya Botanical Gardens. We continue to Nuwara Eliya, the famous hill station set in the heart of ‘tea country’, before ending our tour with a stay in Galle on the south-west coast of this magical island. A relaxing end to a memorable journey. Tea Country Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage The Lighthouse, Galle 14-DAY ITINERARY, DEPARTING 8 MARCH 2020 8 March London / Colombo his house and also the Buddhist 12 March Habarana, Sigiriya temple of Seema Malaka. Visit the & Dambulla Suggested flights (not included in the textile shop, ‘Barefoot’ which was cost of the tour) Sri Lankan Airlines started by the artist, writer and Early morning visit to the 5th century flight departing London Heathrow designer Barbara Sansoni 40 years World Heritage Site of Sigiriya Rock at 20.40 hrs. -
Anuradhapura Ancient City
Anuradhapura Ancient City Anuradhapura Ancient City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Anuradhpuraya was considered as the capital of Sri Lanka from 04th Century BC to the beginning of 11th Century AD. According to the great chronicle ‘The Mahawansa’ which documented the history of Sri Lanka and other historical documents, Buddhism was first introduced to Sri Lanka in Anuradhapura during 3rd Century BC, at a rock peak of a mountainous range called ‘Mihintale’, to King Devanmpiya- Tissa - the ruler of Anuradhapura, by Arihat Mahinda Thera - the son of Great Emperor Asoka of India. Therefore, the sacred city of Anuradhapura is considered as the cradle of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. The city’s greatest treasures include: • Sri Maha Bodhiya: The original Southern branch (right wing branch) of historical Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi (sacred fig tree) at Bodhgaya under which Lord Buddha attained Enlightenment. Brought by Ven. Arihat Sangamitta therani (the daughter of the Emperor Aoska of India) in the year 288 BC (3rd Century BC) and planted in Anuradhapura holy city. Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura is considered and venerated as on of the most precious and sacred relics, by Buddhists all over the world and is the oldest living human-planted tree in the world. CHARIKA TRAVELS P a g e | 1 • Ruwanwalisaya is also known as the Maha Stupa (or the Great Stupa) is one the most prominent Buddhist Stupas in Sri Lanka. Built by King Dutugemunu in 140 BC to enshrines a large portion of Relics of Lord Buddha. -
Initial Environmental Examination Study for Proposed
Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... i List of annexes ............................................................................................................................................. iii List of figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of tables.................................................................................................................................................. v Executive summary..................................................................................................................................... vi 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the project ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives and justification of the proposed project ............................................................. 1 1.3 Objectives of the IEE report (Specify the objectives of the assessment and the relationship of the results to the project design and implementation) ............................................ 3 1.4 Conformity with the other projects/development /conservation plans in the area ......... 5 1.5 Approvals needed for the proposed