DOCSLIB.ORG

Vol 04 No 03

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vol 04 No 03 WILDLANKA Vol.4, No.3, pp. 079 - 105, 2016. Copyright 2016 Department of Wildlife Conservation, Sri Lanka. MANGROVES IN LAGOON ECOSYSTEMS: A NEGLECTED provides the base of the major mangrove recorded in Sri Lanka, the common species and growth of Rhizophora mucronata and mangroves and their diversity in Sri Lanka are 1992a). Although more freshwater runoff of RESULT AND DISCUSSION (b) Provide protection from storm surges and medicine (Table 4). There are many species CONCLUSION HABITAT IN SRI LANKA community food chain. The aerial roots provide being Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia Ceriops tagal seeding under different environ- fairly understood (Aruchelvam 1968; Jayas- Wet Zone rivers reduce the salinity content in There are twenty nine species of mangroves and high winds associated with tropical of mangrove fauna than flora both in numbers Mangrove ecosystems of the inter-tidal shelter for many species of commercial fish and marina, Excoecaria agallocha, Acanthus mental conditions. This study reveals the distri- uriya 1991b; Amarasinghe 1997a, b; the estuaries than the Kala Oya estuary. Arud- identified as fringes and patches from the typhoons. This is important in a country and in diversity. There are eighteen species of zone in the tropical and sub-tropical areas have shellfish (Table 7), particularly in their juvenile ilicifolius, Lumnitzera racemosa, Sonneratia bution, zonation, taxonomy, physiology, Jayewardene et al. 1999; Jayatissa et al. 2002a, pragasam and Jayasinghe (1980) have shown lagoon ecosystems, which fall into seventeen that is hit by an average of 20 typhoons birds associated with mangrove habitats shown multiple uses to human beings and wildlife. K.N.J. KATUPOTHA and most predators prone stages. The trees and caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and ecology, productivity and uses of family b; Dahdouh-Guebas et al. 2005; Jayakody et al. that in the Moratuwa Panadura estuary on the families (Table 3). The distribution, density and a year. in Table 5. Several species of birds, both indig- Mangroves have scientific, educational and shrubs provide protection from storm surges Aegiceras corniculatum. Further, they reported Rhizophoraceae in Sri Lanka. Therefore, 2008; NECDEPP 2010c). west coast a clear pattern of distribution and identified threats in fringe mangroves vegitation (c) Provide the bulk of primary production enous and seasonal migrants who come in the aesthetic and commercial values. They provide Department of Geography, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka. and high winds associated with tropical storms that the mangrove forests is estimated as only Coastal Zone Management Plan of CCD (1990) Above all studies coexist with other ecosys- seasonal change of the salinity is determined in lagoons of Sri Lanka. (Appendix 1). in lagoons and estuaries. winter from the Northern Hemisphere are the good nursery grounds for birds, fish and other such as typhoons, cyclones or tsunamis. This 8700 ha. emphasizes the extent, nature and significance, tems with least human interference under mainly by rainfall and wind pattern. Accord- Knox and Miyabara (1984) and IIRR (1992) (d) Serve as protection against soil erosion. mangroves and associated environs (Henry, crustaceans. Variety of mangrove fauna like *[email protected], [email protected] ecosystem serves as protection against soil Studies have attempted to describe the uses, management issues, objectives and certain circumstances lagoons in Sri Lanka ingly, in the Moratuwa Panadura estuary and summarized the common uses (Table 4) and Soil erosion and sedimentation causes in 1978; de Silva & de Silva, 1986). The species crabs, lobsters, prawns and mollusks bring in a erosion. Soil erosion and sedimentation causes interrelationship of mangrove communities in policies on mangroves. Amarasinghe and undergo natural evolution. Mathematical adjoining lake systems of the Bolgoda area multiple uses of the mangroves from the the ocean are the number one cause of and their living habits of the birds differ on considerable amount of foreign exchange. Over in the ocean are the number one cause of coral terms of a relatively simple zonation with Balasubramanium (1992a & b) classified the models can be derived to predict physical, range between 1.0-2.0 ppt and 30.00 ppt. Indonesian and Philippine experiences. Accord- coral reef degradation. sub-habitats of the ecosystem. the last 4 decades, most of the mangrove species ABSTRACT - Mangroves are limited to the coastal ecosystem and are associated with lagoons reef degradation. Similarly, they serve as land particular species characterizing zones in a mangrove stands in Puttalam Lagoon and Ducth chemical and biological attributes in such cases. ingly, mangroves: (e) Serve as a land builder through soil Mangrove biotopes indicate that there exist in Sri Lanka have been cleared and water and estuaries due to high salinity, low oxygen levels, high light intensity, strong winds and Platupana particularly for construction of salt builder through soil accretion. Sediment from unidirectional sequence normal to the water's Bay (western coastal zone) broadly into two Apparently, a majority of scientific studies on accretion. Sediment from the land a fairly large number of snails, crabs, fishes and that at prawn farm sites, in and around, the bodies, mainly lagoons reclaimed, and are a periodic inundation by tidal water. Many lagoons, out of 82 lagoons in Sri Lanka, mangroves fans. Also, mangrove fringes and patches in the land collects among the dense roots building edge, ecological characteristics as well as their groups: (a) estuarine, and (b) island/mainland coastal lagoons in Sri Lanka has been focused collects among the dense roots building molluscs, which feed directly on the fresh mangrove species cleared and ploughed rapidly destroyed and degraded the resources. play an important role on microscopic and mesoscopic fauna and also for coastal inhabitants lagoons to northwards from Periya Kalapuwa up the land and trap coastal pollutants, which economic significance and human interference fringe. Structural diversity of six mangrove on fringe mangroves whereas least emphasis up the land and minimize the coast leaves or litter of mangroves (Tables 6). The thoroughly and allowed drying up. By this Such destruction is a threat to flora and fauna as in the country. The micro relief of the mangrove habitats produces food and shelter, and (East Coast) up to Jaffna Peninsula also have may otherwise severely damage adjacent on them. Tansely and Fritsch (1905) described stands of these two types was studied in terms has been laid on salt marsh vegetation (Table 1). erosion most common fish species in lagoons/estuarine mechanical activity the mangrove ecosystem well as the livelihood of the people. Thus, it is provides nursery grounds for the birds, fish, reptiles and other crustaceans. Further, they help been cleared for cultivation of paddies and marine ecosystems. Beside these, mangroves the zonation, habitat and the characteristics of of floristic composition, density, basal area, Bathymetry and hydrography are known for (f) Traps and buffer adjacent estuarine areas mangrove ecosystems in both dry and wet zones and the natural buffer zone completely destroy. necessary to manage and conserve the to preserve the balance of nature. coconuts as well as urbanization and industriali- serve as a wildlife sanctuary, offer aesthetic, true mangrove and semi-mangrove species of mean, stand diameter, tree light, standing fourteen lagoons while fish fauna or fish against the large changes in up-streams are bring a considerable amount of foreign Beside these, pollutants such as fungistatic mangrove habitats as a natural heritage to Different research groups viz., individual scientists and institutional researches provide differ- been formed of weathered bedrock which are ridges of headland-bay-beaches. Such forma- zation (Table 4). educational and scientific values. Sri Lanka. Even at the beginning of the 20th aboveground biomass and leaf-area index. productions of nine lagoons have been studied. input of nutrients and wastes. exchange to the country. Table 7 indicates that paints, pesticides (organic and inorganic), food protect the coast from erosion, and to obtain a ent figures on the extension of mangrove vegetation in Sri Lanka. However, there is no sometimes capped by lateritic soils, while other tions have developed as a result of a lowering of The discharge of toxic substances from Mangrove habitats with its variety of century, they reported the effect of human Furthermore, the same authors (1992b) exam- Only the Negombo Lagoon on the west coast, (g) Trap coastal pollutants, which may abundant macroscopic mangrove animals such remnants and faecal wastes add from prawn variety of products from aquatic and terrestrial conformity on total figure. In this study, we try to calculate the exact extent of mangrove areas covered by terrestrial deposits as well as sealevels in the Late Holocene period factories and the waste products such as sub-habitats are a source of forest products such interference on the mangrove forests of Sri ined the net primary productivity of two Rekawa Lagoon the south coast and Chilaw and otherwise severely damage adjacent as crabs (Potunidae, Ocypodiae and Graspsidae farm environments in mangrove areas. These Over exploitation that has rapidly destroyed (a) Rapid siltation that is often aggravated components. For this purpose, public awareness vegetation in 82 lagoons with their availability
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anthropogenic Impacts on Urban Coastal Lagoons in the Western and North-Western Coastal Zones of Sri Lanka
    1 2 Anthropogenic Impacts on Urban Coastal Lagoons in the Western and North-western Coastal Zones of Sri Lanka Jinadasa Katupotha Department of Geography, University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka [email protected] Abstract Six lagoons from Negombo to Puttalam, along the Western and North Western coast of Sri Lanka, show signs of some change due to urbanization-related anthropological activities. Identified activities have direct implications on morphological features of lagoons, elimination of wetlands (mangrove swamps and marshy lands) and pasture lands, land degradation due to encroachment for shrimp farms, shrinking of lagoons, and production of higher nutrient and heavy metal loads, decline in bird and fish populations and degradation of the scenic beauty. As a result, the lagoon ecosystems have suffered to such a degree that numerous faunal and floral species have disappeared or have diminished considerably over the last few years. All these anthropogenic impacts were identified by the author during 1992, 2002, and 2006 as well as in a study on “Lagoons in Sri Lanka” conducted by IWMI between 2011 and 2012. Key words: Anthropogenic Impacts, Urban Coastal Lagoons, Garbage accumulation, Awareness program Introduction The island of Sri Lanka has 82 coastal lagoons that support a variety of plants and animals, and the economy [1]. Anthropogenic impacts, particularly lagoon fishing, human occupation of the land and water contamination have considerably reduced the faunal and floral population to a point that some of them are in danger of extinction. Such danger of extinction has been accelerated in urban lagoons of the western and northwestern coastal zones, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionof Coastallaridformsinthe Western Part of Srilanka
    HiroshimaHiroshimaGeographicalAssociation Geographical Association Geographical Sciences vol, 43 no.1 pp, 18-36, 1988 Evolution of Coastal Laridforms inthe Western Part of Sri Lanka JINADASA KATUPOTHA* Key Words:evolution of coastal landforms, SriLanka, late Pleistocene, Holocene, landfOmi classMcation Abstract Geomorphic and geologic evidence shows four different stages {Stage I-IV} in the evolution of coastal landforrns on the west coast of Sri Lanka during the Iate Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs. The author assumes that the old ridges in Stage I at Sembulailarna, Kiriyanl(ailiya, Pambala, Wiraliena, Uluambalarna and Kadrana areas have been fonned precedng the Holocene transgression. Low hMs and ridges in the area were coated mainly by wind blown sand, fonowing the lower sea levels during the Late Pleistocene and Earty Holocene Epochs. Radiocarbon datings en the west and seuth coast$ reveal that the sea level remained 1rn or more above the present sea level between 6170± 70 and 535e± 80 yr B. P. During this transgression, the forTner drainage basins were submerged and headland bay beaches were ereated. Many wetlands aiid beach ridges, particularly in Stages ll, III, and IV were gradualy formed owing to rninor oscMations of sea levet after mid-Holocene. Most of these landiorTns haveaclose relationship with main climatic zenes of the country. 1987; Katupotha, 1988) also help to deterrnine their I. Introduction evolution. The island of Sri Lanka has a coastline over Coastal Iandform maps of the study area were 1920 km in length, exhibiting a diversity of coastal cornpiled by means of interpretation of aerial photo- landromis. The coastal lowlands with elevation graphs (1:40,OOO-Survey Department of Sri Lanka, from mean sea level (MSL) to 30m consist of 1956) and field observations.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Biogeography of Mangroves in Sri Lanka
    Ceylon Journal of Science 46 (Special Issue) 2017: 119-125 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v46i5.7459 RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecological biogeography of mangroves in Sri Lanka M.D. Amarasinghe1,* and K.A.R.S. Perera2 1Department of Botany, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 2Department of Botany, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda Received: 10/01/2017; Accepted: 10/08/2017 Abstract: The relatively low extent of mangroves in Sri extensively the observations are made and how reliable the Lanka supports 23 true mangrove plant species. In the last few identification of plants is, thus, rendering a considerable decades, more plant species that naturally occur in terrestrial and element of subjectivity. An attempt to reduce subjectivity freshwater habitats are observed in mangrove areas in Sri Lanka. in this respect is presented in the paper on “Historical Increasing freshwater input to estuaries and lagoons through biogeography of mangroves in Sri Lanka” in this volume. upstream irrigation works and altered rainfall regimes appear to have changed their species composition and distribution. This MATERIALS AND METHODS will alter the vegetation structure, processes and functions of Literature on mangrove distribution in Sri Lanka was mangrove ecosystems in Sri Lanka. The geographical distribution collated to analyze the gaps in knowledge on distribution/ of mangrove plant taxa in the micro-tidal coastal areas of Sri occurrence of true mangrove species. Recently published Lanka is investigated to have an insight into the climatic and information on mangrove distribution on the northern anthropogenic factors that can potentially influence the ecological and eastern coasts could not be found, most probably for biogeography of mangroves and sustainability of these mangrove the reason that these areas were inaccessible until the ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
    79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura
    [Show full text]
  • A Strategy for Nature Tourism Management
    I I I A STRATEGY FOR NATURE TOURISM I MANAGEMENT: I Review of the EnvIronmental and Economic Benefits I of Nature TourIsm and Measures to Increase these Benefits I By I H M 8 C Herath M Sivakumar I P Steele I FINAL REPORT I August 1997 I Prepared for the Ceylon Tourrst Board and Department of Wildlife I USAIDI Natural Resources & Environmental Polley Project International Resources Group (NAREPP/IRG) I A project of the United States Agency for International Development and the I Government of Sri Lanka I I I I I I I DlScriptlOllS about Authors Mr HMC Herath IS a Deputy DIrector workIng for Department of WIldlIfe I ConservatIon, 18, Gregory's Road, Colombo 07, TP No 94-01-695 045 Mr M Sivakurnar IS a Research asSIStant, EnvIronmental DIvISIon Mmistry of I Forestry and EnvIronment, 3 rd Floor, Umty Plaza Bmldmg, Colombo 04 Mr Paul Steele IS an EconomIC Consultant workIng for EnvIronmental DIvISIon, I MllliStry of Forestry and EnvIronment, 3 rd Floor, Umty Plaza BUlldmg, Colombo 04 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CONTENTS I Page I Executive Summary 1-11 1 IntroductIOn 12 I 2 EXIstmg market for nature tounsm 13-19 I 3 Survey of eXIstIng nature tounsm sItes 20-35 4 EnvIronmental and economIC ObjectIves of a I nature tounsm management strategy 36-42 5 QuantIfymg the economiC benefits from nature tounsm 43-56 I 6 ActI\ ltles and SItes for dIversIfymg and expandIng nature tounsm 57-62 I 7 ConclUSIOns and RecommendatIons for IncreasIng the e'1\ Ironmental and economIC benefits of I nature tounsm 63-65 8 References 66 I 9 Annex 1 LIst of persons consulted 67-68 I Annex 2 Graphs of VIsItor entrance and revenues 69-77 Annex 3 Summary of RecommendatIons of Nature Tounsm Workshop and LISt I of PartIcipants 78-80 I I I I I I I Executive summary I 1 Nature tOUrIsm should be promoted by the Ceylon TourlSt Board to mcrease the number of tourlSts vlSlt10g Sn Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Management Provisions
    FISHERIES INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT TO THE MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES, SRI LANKA APPENDIX I: Fisheries Management provisions Table I.1: Fisheries co-management principles Participatory Fisheries Resource Meaning Management Principles The spirit of governance and administration are the interests of the people of Sri Lanka, based on their own aspirations. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Under decentralization of the fisheries management process, DFAR and the District Fisheries Offices are the responsible Resources is responsible for facilitating the stakeholders: the decision-makers. Hence, these regional fisheries agencies are also responsible for facilitating the management of national and coastal fisheries management of regional fisheries resources by providing human and financial resources to support PFRM as a resources. framework for the management of regional and national fisheries resources. Stakeholders are the participants of fisheries management. The spirit of decentralization of decision-making is that stakeholders should decide on how their aspirations can be met. Stakeholders include: fishermen using different gear types; fish traders; fish processors; fisheries scientists and researchers; coastal communities; fish and plant farmers; district fisheries agencies and the central and district government fisheries agency (DFAR). Stakeholders of participatory coastal fisheries resource management are the coastal The selection of the appropriate stakeholder groups, to be involved in fisheries resource management, should be carried communities, private sectors and government out through stakeholder analysis and the best people to represent these groups chosen democratically. Stakeholder agencies. representatives must have the confidence of the group they represent to ensure ownership of decisions and the empowerment of the stakeholder groups. The social and cultural differences of stakeholders should be formally accepted as input into the decision making process.
    [Show full text]
  • The Government of the Democratic
    THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019 DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACCOUNTS GENERAL TREASURY COLOMBO-01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. Note to Readers 1 2. Statement of Responsibility 2 3. Statement of Financial Performance for the Year ended 31st December 2019 3 4. Statement of Financial Position as at 31st December 2019 4 5. Statement of Cash Flow for the Year ended 31st December 2019 5 6. Statement of Changes in Net Assets / Equity for the Year ended 31st December 2019 6 7. Current Year Actual vs Budget 7 8. Significant Accounting Policies 8-12 9. Time of Recording and Measurement for Presenting the Financial Statements of Republic 13-14 Notes 10. Note 1-10 - Notes to the Financial Statements 15-19 11. Note 11 - Foreign Borrowings 20-26 12. Note 12 - Foreign Grants 27-28 13. Note 13 - Domestic Non-Bank Borrowings 29 14. Note 14 - Domestic Debt Repayment 29 15. Note 15 - Recoveries from On-Lending 29 16. Note 16 - Statement of Non-Financial Assets 30-37 17. Note 17 - Advances to Public Officers 38 18. Note 18 - Advances to Government Departments 38 19. Note 19 - Membership Fees Paid 38 20. Note 20 - On-Lending 39-40 21. Note 21 (Note 21.1-21.5) - Capital Contribution/Shareholding in the Commercial Public Corporations/State Owned Companies/Plantation Companies/ Development Bank (8568/8548) 41-46 22. Note 22 - Rent and Work Advance Account 47-51 23. Note 23 - Consolidated Fund 52 24. Note 24 - Foreign Loan Revolving Funds 52 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka Report
    Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka A multi-agency approach coordinated by Central Environment Authority and Disaster Management Centre, Supported by United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Environment Programme Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka November 2014 A Multi-agency approach coordinated by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) of the Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy and Disaster Management Centre (DMC) of the Ministry of Disaster Management, supported by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Integrated Strategic Environment Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka ISBN number: 978-955-9012-55-9 First edition: November 2014 © Editors: Dr. Ananda Mallawatantri Prof. Buddhi Marambe Dr. Connor Skehan Published by: Central Environment Authority 104, Parisara Piyasa, Battaramulla Sri Lanka Disaster Management Centre No 2, Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 7 Sri Lanka Related publication: Map Atlas: ISEA-North ii Message from the Hon. Minister of Environment and Renewable Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a systematic decision support process, aiming to ensure that due consideration is given to environmental and other sustainability aspects during the development of plans, policies and programmes. SEA is widely used in many countries as an aid to strategic decision making. In May 2006, the Cabinet of Ministers approved a Cabinet of Memorandum
    [Show full text]
  • (Ifasina) Willeyi Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of Sri Lanka
    JoTT COMMUNI C ATION 3(2): 1493-1505 The current occurrence, habitat and historical change in the distribution range of an endemic tiger beetle species Cicindela (Ifasina) willeyi Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of Sri Lanka Chandima Dangalle 1, Nirmalie Pallewatta 2 & Alfried Vogler 3 1,2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka 3 Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Email: 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Date of publication (online): 26 February 2011 Abstract: The current occurrence, habitat and historical change in distributional range Date of publication (print): 26 February 2011 are studied for an endemic tiger beetle species, Cicindela (Ifasina) willeyi Horn of Sri ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) Lanka. At present, the species is only recorded from Maha Oya (Dehi Owita) and Handapangoda, and is absent from the locations where it previously occurred. The Editor: K.A. Subramanian current habitat of the species is explained using abiotic environmental factors of the Manuscript details: climate and soil recorded using standard methods. Morphology of the species is Ms # o2501 described by studying specimens using identification keys for the genus and comparing Received 02 July 2010 with specimens available at the National Museum of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The DNA Final received 29 December 2010 barcode of the species is elucidated using the mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence of Finally accepted 05 January 2011 eight specimens of Cicindela (Ifasina) willeyi. The study suggests that Maha Oya (Dehi Owita) and Handapangoda are suitable habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Balance Variability Across Sri Lanka for Assessing Agricultural and Environmental Water Use W.G.M
    Agricultural Water Management 58 (2003) 171±192 Water balance variability across Sri Lanka for assessing agricultural and environmental water use W.G.M. Bastiaanssena,*, L. Chandrapalab aInternational Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka bDepartment of Meteorology, 383 Bauddaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Abstract This paper describes a new procedure for hydrological data collection and assessment of agricultural and environmental water use using public domain satellite data. The variability of the annual water balance for Sri Lanka is estimated using observed rainfall and remotely sensed actual evaporation rates at a 1 km grid resolution. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) has been used to assess the actual evaporation and storage changes in the root zone on a 10- day basis. The water balance was closed with a runoff component and a remainder term. Evaporation and runoff estimates were veri®ed against ground measurements using scintillometry and gauge readings respectively. The annual water balance for each of the 103 river basins of Sri Lanka is presented. The remainder term appeared to be less than 10% of the rainfall, which implies that the water balance is suf®ciently understood for policy and decision making. Access to water balance data is necessary as input into water accounting procedures, which simply describe the water status in hydrological systems (e.g. nation wide, river basin, irrigation scheme). The results show that the irrigation sector uses not more than 7% of the net water in¯ow. The total agricultural water use and the environmental systems usage is 15 and 51%, respectively of the net water in¯ow.
    [Show full text]
  • River Basins
    APPENDIX I.I 122 River Basins Basin No Name of Basin Catchment Basin No. Name of Basin Catchment Area Sq. Km. Area Sq. Km 1. Kelani Ganga 2278 53. Miyangolla Ela 225 2. Bolgoda Lake 374 54. Maduru Oya 1541 3. Kaluganga 2688 55. Pulliyanpotha Aru 52 4. Bemota Ganga 6622 56. Kirimechi Odai 77 5. Madu Ganga 59 57. Bodigoda Aru 164 6. Madampe Lake 90 58. Mandan Aru 13 7. Telwatte Ganga 51 59. Makarachchi Aru 37 8. Ratgama Lake 10 60. Mahaweli Ganga 10327 9. Gin Ganga 922 61. Kantalai Basin Per Ara 445- 10. Koggala Lake 64 62. Panna Oya 69 11. Polwatta Ganga 233 12. Nilwala Ganga 960 63. Palampotta Aru 143 13. Sinimodara Oya 38 64. Pankulam Ara 382 14. Kirama Oya 223 65. Kanchikamban Aru 205 15. Rekawa Oya 755 66. Palakutti A/u 20 16. Uruhokke Oya 348 67. Yan Oya 1520 17. Kachigala Ara 220 68. Mee Oya 90 18. Walawe Ganga 2442 69. Ma Oya 1024 19. Karagan Oya 58 70. Churian A/u 74 20. Malala Oya 399 71. Chavar Aru 31 21. Embilikala Oya 59 72. Palladi Aru 61 22. Kirindi Oya 1165 73. Nay Ara 187 23. Bambawe Ara 79 74. Kodalikallu Aru 74 24. Mahasilawa Oya 13 75. Per Ara 374 25. Butawa Oya 38 76. Pali Aru 84 26. Menik Ganga 1272 27. Katupila Aru 86 77. Muruthapilly Aru 41 28. Kuranda Ara 131 78. Thoravi! Aru 90 29. Namadagas Ara 46 79. Piramenthal Aru 82 30. Karambe Ara 46 80. Nethali Aru 120 31.
    [Show full text]
  • Rasbora Veterifloris Was Sensitive to Environment Conditions but Most Others Can Be Bred in Captivity with Natural Feed
    ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2003 National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 1 5 CONTENTS PAGE GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 01 BIOTECHNOLOGY DIVISION 08 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DIVISION 09 FISHING TECHNOLOGY DIVISION 14 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIVISION 15 INLAND AQUATIC RESOURCES & AQUACULTURE DIVISION 17 LIBRARY AND INFORMATION DIVISION 22 MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES DIVISION 24 NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE 29 OCEANOGRAPHY DIVISION 31 POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY DIVISION 34 SERVICE & OPERATIONS DIVISION 37 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND MARKET RESEARCH DIVISION 41 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 42 AUDIT REPORT 44 NARA ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2003 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION The National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA) is the principal national institution charged with the responsibility of carrying our and coordinating research, development and management activities of the subject of aquatic resources. NARA was established in the year 1981 by restructuring the Research Division of the Department of Fisheries. In the restructuring process Research Division was amalgamated to the institute of Fish Technology which existed in the present premises of NARA in Crow Island, Mattakkuliya. to establish a full fledged research agency, under the Act of Parliament. National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency Act No. 54 of 1981 and amended subsequently by National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency Act No. 32 of 1996. NARA function as a statutory body under the Ministry of Fisheries and Ocean Resources Development. The main objectives and functions of the Agency are as follows : • To ensure application and utilization of Scientific and Technological expertise for the implementation of national development programmes on the subject of living and non living aquatic, resources. • To promote and conduct research activities directed at identification, assessment, management and development of living and non living aquatic resources.
    [Show full text]