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Cross-Border Scandinavian Area Case Study

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Cross-Border Scandinavian Area Case Study CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Cross-border Scandinavian area Case study Final Report // May 2021 This CIRCTER spin-off is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Marco Bianchi, Mauro Cordella, Pierre Merger - Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Spain Advisory group Jan Edøy - Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation, Department of Regional Development, Norway Erik Hagen, Bjørn Terje Andersen – Innlandet County Authority, Norway Marjan van Herwijnen - ESPON EGTC Information on ESPON and its projects can be found at www.espon.eu. The website provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. ISBN: 978-2-919795-97-0 © ESPON, 2020 Layout and graphic design by BGRAPHIC, Denmark Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Cross-border Scandinavian area Case study Final Report // May 2021 CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Cross-border Scandinavian area Case study Table of contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Foreword by Erik Hagen ..................................................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Spinoff background ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Central cross-border Scandinavia ............................................................................................. 11 1.3 Structure of the report ............................................................................................................... 12 2 The central cross-border Scandinavia area .................................................................. 13 2.1 The territorial characteristics ..................................................................................................... 13 2.2 The policy framework ................................................................................................................ 15 3 An overview from CIRCTER statistics ........................................................................... 17 3.1 Material consumption patterns .................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Waste generation patterns ........................................................................................................ 23 3.3 Sectoral perspective of Circular Economy: Material and Technology providers ....................... 27 4 The cross-border Scandinavian area metabolism ........................................................ 31 4.1 Material flows breakdown ......................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Waste flows breakdown ............................................................................................................ 36 5 Circular Economy and the territorial perspective ......................................................... 44 5.1 CIRCTER territorial factors ....................................................................................................... 44 5.2 Territorial implications for the cross-border Scandinavian area ................................................ 45 5.2.1 Towards a circular and bio-based economy ............................................................................. 46 5.2.2 Decoupling waste generation from consumption ...................................................................... 48 5.2.2.1 Prioritising waste prevention ..................................................................................................... 48 5.2.2.2 Circular business models and circular public procurement ....................................................... 48 5.2.2.3 Consumers' mindset change ..................................................................................................... 49 5.2.3 A circular economy for the built environment ............................................................................ 49 5.2.4 The innovative ecosystem of the Scandinavian area: towards the definition of functional areas .................................................................................................................................................. 50 6 Policy perspectives ......................................................................................................... 52 References ......................................................................................................................................... 54 ESPON // espon.eu 5 CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Cross-border Scandinavian area Case study List of maps, figures, charts and tables List of maps Map 1-1: The area of study according to CIRCTER (NUTS-2) regional data nomenclature ....................... 12 Map 3-1 Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) per capita (2014) ............................................................ 18 Map 3-2: Domestic Extraction in tonnes per capita (2014) ......................................................................... 19 Map 3-3: Change in Domestic Extraction per capita (2006-2014)............................................................... 21 Map 3-4: Change in Domestic Material Consumption per capita (2006-2014) ............................................ 21 Map 3-5: Total Waste (excluding major mineral waste) in t per capita (2014) ............................................ 24 Map 3-6: Food waste in kg per capita (2014) .............................................................................................. 26 Map 3-7: Change in food waste per capita (2006-2014) ............................................................................. 26 Map 3-8: Employment generated by Material Providers (2015) .................................................................. 29 Map 3-9: Employment generated by Technology Providers (2015) ............................................................ 29 List of figures Figure 1-1: Counties of Norway before and after the regional reform ......................................................... 11 Figure 2-1: Overview of socio-economic aspects of Scandinavian regions and comparison with European average ................................................................................................................ 13 Figure 2-2: Comparison of economic activities shares between Scandinavian regions .............................. 14 Figure 3-1: Simplified overview of material flow indicators .......................................................................... 17 Figure 3-2: DMC and DE per capita Vs Population density ........................................................................ 20 Figure 3-3: DMC Annual average growth Vs. GDP annual average growth ............................................... 22 Figure 3-4: DMC Annual average growth Vs. Employment annual average growth ................................... 23 Figure 3-5: Food waste per capita and food waste change (%) .................................................................. 27 Figure 3-6: A conceptual visualisation of the pillars of a Circular Economy and their respective sectors .................................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 3-7: Material and Technology providers in 2015 Vs. Material and Technology providers growth (2010-2015) .......................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 4-1: Domestic material consumption breakdown: Biomass, Construction material, Metal ores (1.000 tonnes) ...................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 4-2: Relative shares of Biomass, Construction material and Metal ores (percentage) ..................... 33 Figure 4-3: Change in material consumption flows (2006-2014) – Biomass, Construction material, Metal ores ............................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 4-4: Total annual road freight transport by region (NUTS-3): amount of loading vs amount of unloading (thousand tonnes) ................................................................................................ 35 Figure 4-5: Annual road freight transport: amount of loading and unloading by group of goods (Million tonnes) ................................................................................................................................. 36 Figure 4-6: Waste generation and waste treatment levels in Norway and Sweden (thousand tonnes) ....... 37 Figure 4-7: Waste
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