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RAETIC an Extinct Semitic Language in Central Europe RAETIC An extinct Semitic language in Central Europe BY PROF . DR. ALFRÉD TÓTH & PROF . DR. LINUS BRUNNER Mikes International The Hague, Holland 2007 ALFRÉD TÓTH — LINUS BRUNNER : RAETIC. An extinct Semitic language in Central Europe Kiadó 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL ' alapítvány, Hága, Hollandia. Számlaszám: Postbank rek.nr. 7528240 Cégbejegyzés: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Terjesztés A könyv a következő Internet-címről tölthető le: http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html Aki az email-levelezési listánkon kíván szerepelni, a következő címen iratkozhat fel: [email protected] A kiadó nem rendelkezik anyagi forrásokkal. Többek áldozatos munkájából és adományaiból tartja fenn magát. Adományokat szívesen fogadunk. Cím A szerkesztőség, illetve a kiadó elérhető a következő címeken: Email: [email protected] Levelezési cím: P.O. Box 10249, 2501 HE, Den Haag, Hollandia _____________________________________ Publisher Foundation 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL', established in The Hague, Holland. Account: Postbank rek.nr. 7528240 Registered: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Distribution The book can be downloaded from the following Internet-address: http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html If you wish to subscribe to the email mailing list, you can do it by sending an email to the following address: [email protected] The publisher has no financial sources. It is supported by many in the form of voluntary work and gifts. We kindly appreciate your gifts. Address The Editors and the Publisher can be contacted at the following addresses: Email: [email protected] Postal address: P.O. Box 10249, 2501 HE, Den Haag, Holland _____________________________________ ISSN 1570-0070 ISBN-13: 978-90-8501-113-2 NUR 616 © Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007, Heirs of Linus Brunner 2007, All Rights Reserved ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007, Heirs of Linus Brunner 2007 - II - ALFRÉD TÓTH — LINUS BRUNNER : RAETIC. An extinct Semitic language in Central Europe PUBLISHER ’S PREFACE Today we publish four new works of Professor Alfréd Tóth. Present volume is entitled ‘RAETIC. An extinct Semitic language in Central Europe’ and was written jointly with Professor Linus Brunner. The following volumes of Prof. Tóth were published electronically by Mikes International: ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF HUNGARIAN (in English) (792 p.) HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND EGYPTIAN. — HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND HEBREW. Two Addenda to ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’ (EDH) (in English) (113 p.) HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND PENUTIAN — Second Addendum to ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’ (EDH) (in English) (37 p.) HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND INDO-EUROPEAN — Third Addendum to ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’ (EDH) (in English) (118 p.) IS THE TURANIAN LANGUAGE FAMILY A PHANTOM? (in English) (36 p.) HUNGARO-RAETICA (in English) (39 p.) The Hague (Holland), August 2, 2007 MIKES INTERNATIONAL ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007, Heirs of Linus Brunner 2007 - III - ALFRÉD TÓTH — LINUS BRUNNER : RAETIC. An extinct Semitic language in Central Europe CONTENTS Publisher’s preface...........................................................................................................III 1. Foreword ................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Introduction into the research of Raetic ................................................................................ 3 3. Methods of explaining fragmentary languages...................................................................... 7 1. The method of historical reconstruction..................................................................................................................7 2. The method of internal combination ........................................................................................................................9 4. History of the Raetic language..............................................................................................13 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ 13 2. Hints towards a relative chronology of Raetic...................................................................................................... 13 3. Hints towards the ethnicity of the Raeti ................................................................................................................ 17 4. The so-called “Mediterranean alphabets” and their origin ................................................................................. 21 5. Sidelights of the Raetic pantheon ........................................................................................ 28 1. Ritu and Estu.............................................................................................................................................................. 28 2. The women from Fanes ........................................................................................................................................... 29 6. The antique testimonies about the Raeti............................................................................. 35 7. The Raetic inscriptions: texts, translations and commentary ............................................. 66 8. Raetic Grammar ................................................................................................................... 99 1. Phonology................................................................................................................................................................... 99 2. Morphology .............................................................................................................................................................. 104 3. Syntax......................................................................................................................................................................... 108 9. Glossary of the Raetic inscriptions...................................................................................... 110 1. Nouns and adjectives .............................................................................................................................................. 110 2. Verbs.......................................................................................................................................................................... 113 3. Pronouns................................................................................................................................................................... 115 4. Numerals................................................................................................................................................................... 115 5. Particles ..................................................................................................................................................................... 115 10. Glossary of the Raetic place names ................................................................................... 116 11. Raetic words as loanwords.................................................................................................146 12. Bibliography.......................................................................................................................155 About the authors...........................................................................................................161 ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007, Heirs of Linus Brunner 2007 - IV - ALFRÉD TÓTH — LINUS BRUNNER : RAETIC. An extinct Semitic language in Central Europe 1. Foreword In June 2007 it will be 25 years since Professor Dr. Linus Brunner’s deciphering of the first Raetic inscriptions were published. The 3rd of December 2007 is also the 20est anniversary of Professor Brunner’s death. Since I worked together many years most closely with Professor Brunner and administer his unpublished works since his death, the present book owes so much to my unforgettable friend and teacher that he steps now posthumously another time before the public. For this publication I have scrutinized and used all published and unpublished manuscripts, Professor Brunner’s extensive card index of Raetic place names, his letters to me as well as his handwritten notes in the secondary literature that the used and his comments to photographs and maps. Much happened in the past twenty years in the Research of Raetic. Our book “Die Rätische Sprache enträtselt: Sprache und Sprachgeschichte der Räter” (“The Riddle of the Raetic Language Solved: Language and History of Language of the Raeti”), St. Gallen 1987, that was written between 1983 and 1985 and was ready for publication already in 1985, but could be published only a few months before Professor Brunner’s death in 1987 because of financial problems of the government of the Canton of St. Gallen (Switzerland), caused a many years long turmoil that neither Professor Brunner nor I had awaited.
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