DOCSLIB.ORG

Indo-European Parataxis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indo-European Parataxis WYŻSZA SZKOŁA PEDAGOGICZNA W KRAKOWIE PRACE MONOGRAFICZNE NR VIII LESZEK BEDNARCZUK INDO-EUROPEAN PARATAXIS WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE WYŻSZEJ SZKOŁY PEDAGOGICZNEJ KRAKÓW 1971 INDO-EUROPEAN PARATAXIS PRACE MONOGRAFICZNE WYŻSZEJ SZKOŁY PEDAGOGICZNEJ W KRAKOW IE TOM VIII ÉTUDES MONOGRAPHIQUES DE L’ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE A CRACOVIE WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE WYŻSZEJ SZKOŁY PEDAGOGICZNEJ WYŻSZA SZKOŁA PEDAGOGICZNA W KRAKOWIE PRACE MONOGRAFICZNE NR VIII LESZEK BEDNARCZUK INDO-EUROPEAN PARATAXIS WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE WYŻSZEJ SZKOŁY PEDAGOGICZNEJ KRAKÓW 1971 WINCENTY DANEK President JAN FLIS ZOFIA KRYGOWSKA IGNACY ZARĘBSKI Members BOLESŁAW FARON Secretary WSP Kraków BG 1050012112 Editor KAZIMIERZ PTAK Printed in Poland Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej. Kraków 1971 Wydanie I. Nakład 500 + 60 egz. Objętość ark. wyd. 10; ark. druk. 10,5; ark. form. Al 13,5. Pap. druk. sat. kl. III, 80 g, 70x100 z fabryki pap. we Włocławku. Oddano do składania w maju 1971, podpisano do druku w październiku 1971, druk ukończono w grudniu 1971. Zam. 385/71. Cena zł 30— Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie BIBL WSF 1972- 0 .1 1 : 5 CONTESTS 1. STATE OF RESEARCHES IN INDO-EUROPEAN S Y N T A X ...................... 7 2. POSITION OF SYNTAX WITHIN INVESTIGATION OF UTTERANCE 13 2.1. Syntax and other branches oflin g u istics............................................................ 13 2.2. Syntax and sty lis tic s ................................................................................................... 14 2.3. Syntax and p sy ch o lo gy .............................................................................................. 16 2.4. Syntax and l o g i c ............................................................................................................ 19 3. PARATAXIS AND H Y P O T A X IS ................................................................................ 23 3.1. Results of previous investigations ....................................................................... 23 3.2. Formal d iffe re n ce s...................................................................................................... 26 A. Structure of con stitu en ts..................................................................................... 27 B. Order of constituents............................................................................................. £9 C. Prosodic contour of u tteran ce............................................................................ 30 D. (NonRecurrence of special w o r d s ................................................................... 30 3.3. Relation to other kinds of construction.............................................................. 31 3.4. Origin and exp an sion ...................... 31 4. FORM AND ORDER OF CONSTITUENTS .......................................................... 33 4.1. Kinds of connexity of constituents . ................................................................... 33 4.2. Order of con stitu en ts............................... 36 4.2.1. Factors of o rd e r ...................... ! .................................................................. 36 A. Phonetic factors 37 B. Prosodic factors . ..................................................................................... 40 C. Semantic f a c to r s ......................................................................................... 41 4.2.2. Linear contact of joined con stitu en ts..................................................... 42 5. CONSTRUCTIONS............................................................................................................... 45 5.1. Iteratio n ............................................................................................................................. 46 5.1.1. Iteration of co n stitu e n t................................................................................ 48 5.1.2. Iteration of conjunction (polysyndeton)................................................. 49 A. Copulative function..................................................................................... 52 B. Alternative function.................................................................................... 52 C. Disjunctive fu n c tio n ................................................................................ 53 D. Adversative fu n ctio n ................................................................................ 55 E. Relative function......................................................................................... 56 F. Conditional fu n c tio n ................................................................................ 57 G. Concessive function..................................................................................... 57 5.2. Ellipsis..................................................... 59 5.2.1. Morphological e llip s is ..................................................................................... 60 5.2.2. Syntactic ellipsis . ! .................................................................................... 62 A. Accessory e le m e n t..................................................................................... 62 i. P re p o sitio n ......................................................................................... 63 ii. P rev erb ...................... ; ...................................................................... 65 iii. A r t i c l e .................................................................................................. 65 iv. Other adnominal e le m e n ts .......................................................... 65 V. Pronoun................................................................................................. 66 vi. Auxiliary v e rb ..................................................................................... 66 vii. Modal p article..................................................................................... 66 B. Main element.................................................................................................. 67 C. Set of e le m e n ts ......................................................................................... 68 5.2.3. Other kinds of ellipsis..................................................................................... 69 5.3. A n acolu th on ................................................................................................................... 70 5.3.1. Nominal constructions................................................................................ 70 A. Prepositional co n stru ctio n s................................................................ 70 i. S o c ia tiv e ............................................................................................. 70 ii. A d d itiv e .............................................................................................. 72 iii. Others...................................................................................................... 73 B. Comparative constructions....................................................................... 73 C. Connections of different c a s e s .............................................................. 74 i. V o c a t iv e ................................................................................................. 74 ii. N om in ative............................................................................................ 75 iii. Accusative ............................................................................................ 76 iv. Other c a s e s ............................................................................................. 76 5.3.2. Verbal constructions............................................................................................ 77 A. Participial constructions............................................................................... 77 B. Infinitive constructions............................................................................... 82 C. Verboid constructions.................................................................................... 85 5.3.3. Sentence constructions........................................................................................ 86 A. Modal co n stru ctio n s.................................................................................... 86 i. Copulative................................................................................................. 87 ii. A lte rn a tiv e ............................................................................................ 88 B. Hypotactical constructions...................................................................... 88 i. Copulative................................................................................................. 89 ii. A d versative............................................................................................. 90 5.3.4. Word — sentence constructions...................................................................... 92 A. Conjunctive constructions........................................................................... 93 B. Absolute co n stru ctio n s..................»....................................................... 94 6. MEANS OF CONNECTION.................................................................... 95 6.1. A syn d eton ............................................................................................................................ 95 6.1.1. General characteristics.......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Albanian Language Identification in Text
    5 BSHN(UT)23/2017 ALBANIAN LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION IN TEXT DOCUMENTS *KLESTI HOXHA.1, ARTUR BAXHAKU.2 1University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Informatics 2University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mathematics email: [email protected] Abstract In this work we investigate the accuracy of standard and state-of-the-art language identification methods in identifying Albanian in written text documents. A dataset consisting of news articles written in Albanian has been constructed for this purpose. We noticed a considerable decrease of accuracy when using test documents that miss the Albanian alphabet letters “Ë” and “Ç” and created a custom training corpus that solved this problem by achieving an accuracy of more than 99%. Based on our experiments, the most performing language identification methods for Albanian use a naïve Bayes classifier and n-gram based classification features. Keywords: Language identification, text classification, natural language processing, Albanian language. Përmbledhje Në këtë punim shqyrtohet saktësia e disa metodave standarde dhe bashkëkohore në identifikimin e gjuhës shqipe në dokumente tekstuale. Për këtë qëllim është ndërtuar një bashkësi të dhënash testuese e cila përmban artikuj lajmesh të shkruara në shqip. Për tekstet shqipe që nuk përmbajnë gërmat “Ë” dhe “Ç” u vu re një zbritje e konsiderueshme e saktësisë së identifikimit të gjuhës. Për këtë arsye u krijua një korpus trajnues i posaçëm që e zgjidhi këtë problem duke arritur një saktësi prej më shumë se 99%. Bazuar në eksperimentet e kryera, metodat më të sakta për identifikimin e gjuhës shqipe përdorin një klasifikues “naive Bayes” dhe veçori klasifikuese të bazuara në n-grame.
    [Show full text]
  • Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern
    SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN VOLUME 4 PASHTO, WANECI, ORMURI Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan Volume 2 Languages of Northern Areas Volume 3 Hindko and Gujari Volume 4 Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri Volume 5 Languages of Chitral Series Editor Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 4 Pashto Waneci Ormuri Daniel G. Hallberg National Institute of Summer Institute Pakistani Studies of Quaid-i-Azam University Linguistics Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS HP14 3XL United Kingdom First published 1992 Reprinted 2004 ISBN 969-8023-14-3 Price, this volume: Rs.300/- Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/- To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact: National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: 92-51-2230791 Fax: 92-51-2230960 To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact: International Academic Bookstore 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236, USA Phone: 1-972-708-7404 Fax: 1-972-708-7433 Internet: http://www.sil.org Email: [email protected] REFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY R. CANDLIN. CONTENTS Preface.............................................................................................................vii Maps................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Europaio: a Brief Grammar of the European Language Reconstruct Than the Individual Groupings
    1. Introduction 1.1. The Indo-European 1. The Indo-European languages are a family of several hundred languages and dialects, including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in South Asia. Contemporary languages in this family include English, German, French, Spanish, Countries with IE languages majority in orange. In Portuguese, Hindustani (i.e., mainly yellow, countries in which have official status. [© gfdl] Hindi and Urdu) and Russian. It is the largest family of languages in the world today, being spoken by approximately half the world's population as their mother tongue, while most of the other half speak at least one of them. 2. The classification of modern IE dialects into languages and dialects is controversial, as it depends on many factors, such as the pure linguistic ones (most of the times being the least important of them), the social, economic, political and historical ones. However, there are certain common ancestors, some of them old, well-attested languages (or language systems), as Classic Latin for Romance languages (such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Rumanian or Catalan), Classic Sanskrit for the Indo-Aryan languages or Classic Greek for present-day Greek. Furthermore, there are other, still older -some of them well known- dialects from which these old language systems were derived and later systematized, which are, following the above examples, Archaic Latin, Archaic Sanskrit and Archaic Greek, also attested in older compositions and inscriptions. And there are, finally, old related dialects which help develop a Proto-Language, as the Faliscan (and Osco-Umbrian for many scholars) for Latino-Faliscan (Italic for many), the Avestan for Indo-Iranian or the Mycenaean for Proto-Greek.
    [Show full text]
  • Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova 29 Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AAB College repository Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova 29 Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova Jahja Drançolli* Abstract In the present study it is examined the issue of Illyrian- Albanian continuity in the areal of Kosova, a scientific problem, which, due to the reasons of daily policy, has extremely become exploited (harnessed) until the present days. The politicisation of the ancient history of Kosova begins with the Eastern Crisis, a time when the programmes of Great-Serb aggression for the Balkans started being drafted. These programmes, inspired by the extra-scientific history dressed in myths, legends and folk songs, expressed the Serb aspirations to look for their cradle in Kosova, Vojvodina. Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina and Montenegro. Such programmes, based on the instrumentalized history, have always been strongly supported by the political circles on the occasion of great historical changes, that have overwhelmed the Balkans. Key Words: Dardania and Dardans in antiquity, Arbers and Kosova during the Middle Ages, geopolitical, ethnic, religious and cultural concepts, which are known in the sources of that time followed by a chronological development. The region of Kosova preserves archeological monuments from the beginnings of Neolith (6000-2600 B.C.). Since that time the first settlements were constructed, including Tjerrtorja (Prishtinë), Glladnica (Graçanicë), Rakoshi (Istog), Fafos and Lushta (Mitrovicë), Reshtan and Hisar (Suharekë), Runik (Skenderaj) etc. The region of Kosova has since the Bronze Age been inhabited by Dardan Illyrians; the territory of extension of this region was much larger than the present-day territory of Kosova.
    [Show full text]
  • Demonstratives and the Copula in Iranian Agnes Korn
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte a LUniversite Lyon 2 Pronouns as Verbs, Verbs as Pronouns: Demonstratives and the Copula in Iranian Agnes Korn To cite this version: Agnes Korn. Pronouns as Verbs, Verbs as Pronouns: Demonstratives and the Copula in Iranian. Agnes Korn; Geoffrey Haig; Simin Karimi; Pollet Samvelian. Topics in Iranian Linguistics, 34, Reichert, pp.53-70, 2011, Beitr¨age zur Iranistik, 978-3-89500-826-9 <http://reichert- verlag.de/buchreihen/sprachwissenschaft reihen/sprachwissenschaft beitraege zur iranistik/9783895008269 topics in iranian linguistics- detail>. <halshs-01340500> HAL Id: halshs-01340500 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01340500 Submitted on 1 Jul 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives 4.0 International License BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK Gegründet von Georges Redard, herausgegeben von Nicholas Sims-Williams Band 34 Topics in Iranian Linguistics Herausgegeben von Agnes Korn, Geoffrey Haig, Simin Karimi und Pollet Samvelian WIESBADEN 2011 DR. LUDWIG REICHERT VERLAG Printed with the financial support of Mondes iranien et indien (UMR 7528, CNRS, Paris) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Etymological-Comparative Dictionary of the Balochi Language: Progress Report of an International Project 1
    - 45 - Bi-Annual Research Journal “BALOCHISTAN REVIEW” ISSN 1810-2174 Balochistan Study Centre, University of Balochistan, Quetta (Pakistan) VOL. XXXVI NO. 1, 2017 The Etymological-Comparative Dictionary of the Balochi Language: Progress Report of an International Project 1 Language and Literature Adriano V. Rossi 2 1 Descriptive lexicography and traditional lexicography 1.1 Unlike the case of the other major Iranian languages, nineteenth century linguists at the time of the large-scale 'classifications' of world languages at the turn of the century never compiled a medium-sized Balochi dictionary comparable to those already produced by Steingass (1892) for Persian, Bellew (1867) or Raverty (1860) for Pashto and Jaba-Justi (1879) for Kurdish. Even judging that the time was not yet ripe for an etymological- comparative dictionary of the Iranian languages be compiled, as early as 1890 Wilhelm Geiger (1890-1891:111, 1891:402) was of the opinion that the compilation of a general Balochi dictionary was an urgent desideratum1. At that time, the following preliminary materials were available for Balochi lexicography to European scholars: (a) extremely general ethnographic descriptions accompanied by short word- lists (Leech [1838], Masson [1843], Floyer [1882], etc.); (b) single words and phreses scattered throughout the early grammatical classifications, mainly gleaned at second hand from material recorded by previous travellers and scholars (Bruce [1869], Gladstone [1873], Mockler [1877]; (c) word-lists varying in size between, but generally of no more than some hundred words in the form of appendixes to first-hand descriptions of 1 This paper was presented and read at the 2nd International Conference on Balochi Language, Literature and Culture, organized by Balochi Academy on its Golden Jubilee, held in Quetta, July 31st - August 1st, 2011, but subsequently not included in the Conference Proceedings.
    [Show full text]
  • Balochi (Jahani & Korn).Pdf
    DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark CHAPTER ELEVEN BALOCHI Carina Jahani and Agnes Korn 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview Balochi (Bal.) is spoken in south-western Pakistan, in the province of Balochistan as well as by smaller populations in Punjab and Sindh, and by a large number of people in Karachi. It is also spoken in south-eastern Iran, in the province of Sistan and Baluchistan, and by Baloch who have settled in the north-eastern provinces of Khorasan and Golestan. It is furthermore spoken by smaller communities in Afghanistan (par­ ticularly in the province of Nimruz), in the Gulf States (especially in Oman and the United Arab Emirates), in the Marw I Mari region in Turkmenistan, in India, East Africa, and nowadays also by a considerable number of Baloch in North America, Europe and Australia. It is difficult to estimate the total number of Balochi speakers. Central authorities readily underestimate ethnic minorities, while members of ethnicities sometimes do the opposite. Censuses generally ignore the bi- or multilingual situation of most speakers. Moreover, large numbers of those who identify as Baloch do not speak the language any more, particularly in the areas bordering Indian languages in Punjab and Sindh, on the one hand, and in Khorasan and Golestan, on the other hand, as well as in East Africa and in the Gulf States. In contrast, Balochi has been retained quite well in Turkmenistan due to the adherence to a traditional rural lifestyle and the generally low level of educa­ tion. The total number of speakers of Balochi has been estimated as being between 5-8 million (Jahani 2001: 59), but might also be somewhat higher than that.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY ABDOLI 2001 = ABDOLI , ɊA.: Farhang-e tatbiqi-e tāleši, tāti, āzari . Tehrān 1380/2001. ABDURAXMANOV 1954 = ABDURAXMANOV , R.: Russko-uzbekskij slovar′: 50000 slov; s pril. grammatičeskix tablič russkogo jazyka . Moskva 1954. ɊABDUL QAYYŪM BALOČ 1997 = ɊABDUL QAYYŪM BALOČ : Baločī būmyā . Qoetta 1997. ABRAHAMIAN 1936 = ABRAHAMIAN , R.: Dialectes des israélites de Hamadan et d’Ispahan et dialecte de Baba Tahir . (Dialectologie iranienne). Paris 1936. ABRAMJAN 1965 = ABRAMJAN , R.: Pexlevijsko-persidsko-armjano-russko-anglijskij slo- var′. Erevan 1965. ɊĀDELXĀNI 2000 = ɊĀDELXĀNI , H.: Farhange Āmorei (vāženāme, farhang-e emsāl va kenāyāt va .. ). Jeld-e avval . Arāk 1379/2000. ADIB TUSI 1963–1964 = ADIB TUSI , M. A: ‘Farhang-e loγāt-e bāzyāfte (mostadarak)’, Našrie- ye dāneškade-ye adabiāt-e Tabriz , 15/3, 15/4 (1342/1963); 16/1, 16/2, 16/3 (1343/1964). ADIB TUSI 1992 = ADIB TUSI , M. A.: ‘Namune-ye čand az loγāt-e āzari’, in AFŠĀR , I. (ed.), Zabān-e fārsi dar Āzerbāi ǐān II. Az neveštehā-ye dānešmandān va zabānšenāsān . Tehrān 1371/1992, 235–361 [first publ. in Našrie-ye Dāneškade-ye adabiāt-e Tabriz 8–9 (1335/1956 − 1336/1957)]. AFΓĀNI NEVIS 1956 = AFΓĀNI NEVIS , ɊA.: Loγāt-e Ɋ āmiāne-ye fārsi-ye Afγānistān . Afγā- nistān 1335/1956. AFŠĀR 1989 = AFŠĀR , I.: Vāženāme-ye yazdi . (Selsele-ye matun-e va tahqiqāt az entešārāt-e ǐedāgāne-ye Farhang-e Irān Zamin 35 – Gan ǐine-ye Ho- sein-e Bašārat barā-ye pežuheš dar farhang va tārix-e Yazd 2) Tehrān 1368/1989. AFŠĀR SISTĀNI 1986 = AFŠĀR SISTĀNI , I.: Vāženāme-ye sistāni . (Bonyād-e Nišāpur 13). Tehrān 1365/1986.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Introduction to Balochi Literature
    A Brief Introduction to Balochi Literature Sabir Badalkhan (Neapel), Carina Jahani (Uppsala) A. Introduction Balochi is one of the larger Western Iranian languages, spoken mainly in Balochistan (divided by political borders between Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan), but also by a substantial population in Oman, other Gulf States, Turkmenistan, India, and East Africa. The total number of speakers most likely amounts to more than 10 million. (For more details, see, e.g., Jahani 2013: 154–155). Following Utas’ (2006: 206, 209) definition, we regard as literature both oral and written texts that are characterized by elaboration of language and/or narrativity. Until about a century ago, in the pre-literate society of the Baloch, the most important literary form was oral literature. It was rich, diverse, and fit for a variety of social contexts. It existed in the form of songs that were performed on different occasions of life. Songs for the gatherings and festivities of women and children as well as those of men and tribal assemblies were abundant and there were different groups of hereditary professional singers, known as pahlawān (singer of heroic deeds), sawtī (singer of short love lyrics), and gwašinda, a term formerly used for occasional, i.e. non-professional singers but now for male singers of love songs who may come from any social class and not necessarily from the low social class of hereditary singers and musicians (for different types of singers in Balochistan see Badalkhan 1994; 2000– 2001). Similarly, there were folktales told by professional and non-professional storytellers, the latter being men and women elders who entertained the village people, mainly at nightly gatherings) (see also Badalkhan 2000–2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Albanian Language 93 Albanian Language
    Albanian Language 93 Albanian Language Rrahman Paçarizi* Abstract The Albanian Language is an Indo-European Language which is considered by the majority of linguists to be the direct successor of the ancient Illyrian. The origin place of the Albanian Language is supposed to be the place where currently the Albanians live and perhaps farther North. There is no doubt at all as Dardania or the present Kosova is the place where the Albanian or Proto Albanian Language has been spoken continuously until these days. The Albanian Language has two main dialects – the Northern dialect or the so called Gheg and the Southern dialect or the so called Tosk which are also subdivided into transitional dialects. The dialects differ mainly by phonetic but there are also some slight dialectal differences. Nevertheless, these dialects are mutually intelligible. The first known document in Albanian is the “Baptism Formula” recorded in 1462 by Pal Engjëlli (Paulus Angelus). The Albanian Language has undergone two official standardizations. First in 1920 at the Education Congress of Lushnje it was decided that the language of Elbasan meaning Northern Gheg to become official Albanian Language whereas in 1972 at the Congress of Albanian Orthography was definitely decided that the Tosk is to become standardized. Today, the Albanian Language is spoken by more than 7 million Albanians in Albania, Kosova, Western Macedonia and parts of Southern Montenegro. The Arvanit dialects in Northern Greece do not exist anymore but there are some other types of Albanian which are spoken in Southern Italy more exactly in Sicilia and Calabria in Zara- Dalmatia in Croatia in some villages of Ukraine and in Mandrice of Bulgaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Finalised, Ongoing, and Planned Research Projects Ongoing Ph.D
    IRANIAN LANGUAGES RESEARCH PROJECTS Finalised, ongoing, and planned research projects Muḥīṭ al-tavārīkh is a valuable source for the study of late seventeenth-century Bashkardi is a South-west Iranian Central Asian history, historiography, and language spoken in the mountainous language. This project has involved a and remote areas in south eastern Iran. critical edition of chapters nine and ten of The main purpose of this ongoing project Muḥīṭ al-tavārīkh (The Sea of Chronicles) is to compile a representative and lasting by Muḥammad Amīn b. Mīrzā multipurpose record of the Bashkardi Muḥammad Zamān Bukhārī (Ṣūfīyānī) language in all its varieties. and a translation of these chapters into English. The Bashkardī language documentation data can be used for further researches in general linguistics, historical linguistics, Muḥīṭ al-tavārīkh represents the first linguistic typology, linguistic anthropology, etc. critical edition of a primary source of Subḥān Qulī Khān’s reign. Financed by the Swedish Research Council Behrooz Barjasteh Delforooz Financed by the Swedish Research Council Forogh Hashabeiky and Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Nostalgia and alienation in the Persian Exile Novel (1985– The Balochi Language Project includes a group of 2017): A computational quantitative analysis researchers and writers who have taken an initiative to create and promote a standard literary language This planned project has two intertwined aims. The first is to make for Balochi. Among our activities so far are: use of methods from digital humanities to examine
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub- Variety of Pakistani English Under the Influence of Pashto
    A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub- Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto By Ayyaz Mahmood NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES ISLAMABAD December 2013 A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub-Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto By Ayyaz Mahmood A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In English Linguistics To FACULTY OF HIGHER STUDIES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES, ISLAMABAD December 2013 Ayyaz Mahmood, 2013 iii THESIS/DISSERTATION AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read the following thesis, examined the defense, are satisfied with the overall exam performance, and recommend the thesis to the Faculty of Higher Studies: Thesis Title: A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub-Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto Submitted By: Ayyaz Mahmood Name of Student Registration #: 269-MPhil/Eng/2007(Jan) Doctor of Philosophy Degree Name in Full English Linguistics Name of Discipline Professor Dr Aziz Ahmad Khan Name of Research Supervisor Signature of Research Supervisor Professor Dr Shazra Mnnawer Name of Dean (FHS) Signature of Dean (FHS) Maj General (R) Masood Hasan Name of Rector Signature of Rector Date iv CANDIDATE DECLARATION FORM I Mr Ayyaz Mahmood Son of Mr Sultan Mahmood Registration # 269-MPhil/Eng/2007 Discipline: English Linguistics Candidate of Doctor of Philosophy at the National University of Modern Languages do hereby declare that the thesis titled A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub-Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto submitted by me in partial fulfillment of PhD degree in the Department of Advanced Integrated Studies and Research, NUML, is my original work, and has not been submitted or published earlier.
    [Show full text]