Albanian Guide Book/PST 96
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Instituti Albanologjik I Prishtinës
Begzad BALIU Onomastikë dhe identitet Prof.asc.dr. Begzad BALIU Onomastikë dhe identitet Recensues Prof. dr. Bahtijar Kryeziu Shtëpia botuese Era, Prishtinë, 2012 Botimin e këtij libri e ka përkrahur Drejtoria për Kulturë e Komunës së Prishtinës 2 Begzad BALIU ONOMASTIKË DHE IDENTITET Era Prishtinë, 2012 3 4 Bardhës, Erës, Enit, fëmijëve të mi! 5 6 PËRMBAJTJA PARATHËNIE E RECENSUESIT. ..............................11 HYRJE ..... .....................................................................15 I ONOMASTIKA E KOSOVËS - NDËRMJET MITEVE DHE IDENTITEVE ......................................................... 19 I. 1. Onomastika si fat ...................................................... 19 I. 2. Onomastika dhe origjina e shqiptarëve ..................... 21 I. 3. Onomastika dhe politika ........................................... 24 II. 1. Etnonimi kosovar..................................................... 27 II. 2. Ruajtja e homogjenitetit .......................................... 29 II. 3. Toponimi Kosovë dhe etnonimi kosovar ................ 30 III. 1. Konteksti shqiptaro-sllav i toponimisë................... 35 III. 2. Ndeshja: struktura e toponimisë ............................. 36 III. 3. Struktura shumështresore e toponimisë së Kosovës .......................................................................................... 39 III. 4. Konteksti ................................................................ 40 III. 5. Standardizimi i toponimisë dhe gjuha .................... 43 III. 6. Standardizimi i toponimisë - goditja -
Albanian Language Identification in Text
5 BSHN(UT)23/2017 ALBANIAN LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION IN TEXT DOCUMENTS *KLESTI HOXHA.1, ARTUR BAXHAKU.2 1University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Informatics 2University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mathematics email: [email protected] Abstract In this work we investigate the accuracy of standard and state-of-the-art language identification methods in identifying Albanian in written text documents. A dataset consisting of news articles written in Albanian has been constructed for this purpose. We noticed a considerable decrease of accuracy when using test documents that miss the Albanian alphabet letters “Ë” and “Ç” and created a custom training corpus that solved this problem by achieving an accuracy of more than 99%. Based on our experiments, the most performing language identification methods for Albanian use a naïve Bayes classifier and n-gram based classification features. Keywords: Language identification, text classification, natural language processing, Albanian language. Përmbledhje Në këtë punim shqyrtohet saktësia e disa metodave standarde dhe bashkëkohore në identifikimin e gjuhës shqipe në dokumente tekstuale. Për këtë qëllim është ndërtuar një bashkësi të dhënash testuese e cila përmban artikuj lajmesh të shkruara në shqip. Për tekstet shqipe që nuk përmbajnë gërmat “Ë” dhe “Ç” u vu re një zbritje e konsiderueshme e saktësisë së identifikimit të gjuhës. Për këtë arsye u krijua një korpus trajnues i posaçëm që e zgjidhi këtë problem duke arritur një saktësi prej më shumë se 99%. Bazuar në eksperimentet e kryera, metodat më të sakta për identifikimin e gjuhës shqipe përdorin një klasifikues “naive Bayes” dhe veçori klasifikuese të bazuara në n-grame. -
Reflections on the Religionless Society: the Case of Albania
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 16 Issue 4 Article 1 8-1996 Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania Denis R. Janz Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Janz, Denis R. (1996) "Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 16 : Iss. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol16/iss4/1 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REFLECTIONS ON THE RELIGIONLESS SOCIETY: THE CASE OF ALBANIA By Denis R. Janz Denis R. Janz is professor of religious studies at Loyola University, New Orleans, · Louisiana. From the time of its inception as a discipline, the scientific study of religion has raised the question of the universality of religion. Are human beings somehow naturally religious? Has there ever been a truly religionless society? Is modernity itself inimical to religion, leading slowly but nevertheless inexorably to its extinction? Or does a fundamental human religiosity survive and mutate into ever new forms, as it adapts itself to the exigencies of the age? There are as of yet no clear answers to these questions. And religiologists continue to search for the irreligious society, or at least for the society in which religion is utterly devoid of any social significance, where the religious sector is a tiny minority made up largely of elderly people and assorted marginal figures. -
“These Were Hard Times for Skanderbeg, but He Had an Ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi” Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repository of the Academy'sACTA Library BALCANO-HUNGARICA 1. 1 “These were hard times for Skanderbeg, but he had an ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi” Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts It is of inestimable significance for Albanian studies in Hungary that the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has had the opportunity to produce and publish Edited by the present book which constitutes a Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics major contribution towards enabling this book to serve as a kind of third volume of Illyrisch-Albanische Forschungen (1916). Although there has been no organized Albanian research in Hungary, the chapters in this book clearly demonstrate that researchers well versed in the various historical periods have engaged in a joint investigation of the Albanian–Hungarian past. The studies reveal new research findings, many of which will cause a sensation in the world of Albanian studies. The book is a distillation of con tem- porary Hungarian work on Albanian Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts studies and also a salute by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian ISBN 978-963-416-184-4 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to the joint Albanian–Hungarian and Austro–Hungarian past. 9 789634 161844 albán1.indd 1 7/30/2019 2:05:25 PM “These were hard times for Skanderbeg, but he had an ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi” Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts Acta Balcano-Hungarica 1. ※ Series managing editors: Pál Fodor and Antal Molnár -
Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania. -
German Languagelanguage Kitkit
GermanGerman LanguageLanguage KitKit Expressions - Grammar - Online Resources - Culture languagecoursesuk.co.uk Introduction Whether you plan to embark on a new journey towards learning German or you just need a basic reference booklet for a trip abroad, the Cactus team has compiled some of the most helpful German expressions, grammar rules, culture tips and recommendations. German is the most significant language in Central Europe, and as such is very popular among Cactus language learners. With its thriving economy, the bustling urban life of its cities, and its stunning landscapes reminiscent of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales, Germany and its neighbour Austria are appealing to many language learners. Learning German will enable you to fully enjoy your travel experiences to these countries. While German native speakers often have good English language skills, German language skills are coveted by many multinational companies and will certainly help you get an interview. Learning German is the beginning of an exciting adventure that is waiting for you! The Cactus Team 3. Essential Expressions Contact us 4. Grammar and Numbers Telephone (local rate) 5. Useful Verbs 0845 130 4775 8. Online Resources Telephone (int’l) 10. Take a Language Holiday +44 1273 830 960 11. Cultural Differences Monday-Thursday: 9am-7pm 12. German Culture Recommendations Friday: 9am-5pm 15. Start Learning German 2 Essential Expressions Hello Hallo (hah-loh) Goodbye Auf Wiedersehen / Tschüss (owf vee-dair-zayn / tchews) Please Bitte (bih-tuh) Thank you Danke (dahn-kuh) -
Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N4131r L2/11-296R
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4131R L2/11-296R 2011-10-28 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal for encoding the Caucasian Albanian script in the SMP of the UCS Source: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Authors: Michael Everson and Jost Gippert Status: Liaison Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2011-10-28 1. Introduction. Tradition has it that the Armenian bishop Mesrop Mashtocʿ devised a script in the early fifth century CE not only for the Armenians, but also for the Caucasian Albanians, who lived in an area northeast of Armenia. (Causasian Albania is not the same as European Albania.) The Caucasian Albanian script was recognized in 1937 on the basis of an alphabet list in an Armenian manuscript in the Matenadaran collection in Yerevan and confirmed by a few inscriptions on artifacts excavated in north - west Azerbaijan around 1950 (Abuladze 1938:69–71, Šanidze 1938:47, Gippert et al 2009–10 §4.3ff.). In the 1990s two palimpsest manuscripts containing the Caucasian Albanian script were discovered by Zaza Aleksidze in St Catherine’s Monastery on Mount Sinai. These undated manuscripts appear to have been written during the seventh century CE, because the Caucasian Albanian state was conquered by the Arabs and their autonomous church was absorbed into the Armenian patriarchate in the 8th century CE (Aleksidzé and Mahé 1997:517, 2001; Aleksidze 2003). Between 1999 to 2008, the palimpsests were deciphered and the structure of the Caucasian Albanian language and script established by Gippert, Schulze, Aleksidzé, and Mahé who also demonstrated that Caucasian Albanian was closely related to, if not an ancestor of, the present-day Udi language. -
Rome's Last Efforts Towards the Union of Orthodox Albanians (1929-1946)
Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 58(1-2), 41-83. doi: 10.2143/JECS.58.1.2017736 © 2006 by Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. All rights reserved. ROME’S LAST EFFORTS TOWARDS THE UNION OF ORTHODOX ALBANIANS (1929-1946) INES ANGJELI MURZAKU* INTRODUCTION It would probably be improper to study the history of the Albanian Greek Catholic Church in unity with Rome in isolation from a concurrent move- ment, that is, the struggle to establish an Albanian Autocephalous Church. The two movements have something in common: they were both animated by the desire of the Albanian people for national identity. Indeed, Albania is not an isolated case scenario in ecclesiastical history. Analogous developments have taken place in other Eastern European countries; the case of Bulgaria is the classical example. The move of the Bulgarian Orthodoxy toward Rome was largely inspired by the wish to restore their national identity after cen- turies of coercion, not only by the Turks but also from the Greeks.1 In nine- teenth-century Bulgaria, when the struggle for autocephaly was gaining momentum, several influential Bulgarian Orthodox faithful in Constantino- ple began to contemplate union with Rome as a solution to their national problems. They thought that as Orthodox they would be able to revive their national ecclesiastical traditions, which they thought Constantinople had denied them.2 In fact, the Greeks were profoundly hated in Bulgaria, because * Ines Angjeli Murzaku is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Seton Hall Univer- sity in South Orange, New Jersey, an Adjunct Associate Professor of Historical Theology at the Graduate School of Theology, Immaculate Conception Seminary, and Lecturer at the Centro per l’Europa Centro-Orientale e Balcanica of the University of Bologna. -
Albania Factfile
TOPONYMIC FACT FILE ALBANIA Country name Albania State title Republic of Albania Name of citizen Albanian Official language Albanian (sqi)1 Country name in official language Shqipëria State title in official language Republika e Shqipërisë Script Roman ISO-3166 country code (alpha-2/alpha-3) AL/ALB Tiranë or Tirana (see geographical names policy Capital in official language(s) below) English conventional name of capital Tirana Introduction Albania is a country in the Balkan peninsula of south-eastern Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea. In size it is similar to Belgium, Burundi or Massachusetts. It became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 with international boundaries little different from today. Geographical names policy Albanian names are written in Roman script. Place names should be taken from official Albanian- language sources and all diacritical marks should be retained. Mapping can be found on Albania’s State Authority for Geospatial Information (ASIG) Geoportal. Nouns in Albanian may be in the definite or indefinite grammatical forms, which usually makes a minor difference to the end of the word. Large-scale maps produced during the late Communist era (1970s and 1980s) typically used the definite forms, but the practice in Albania now is to use the indefinite form, except in certain instances where the definite is required for grammatical reasons. PCGN advice is to follow this style, reflecting the forms as shown on current official Albanian cartographic products. Specifically, the indefinite form is used for all populated place names, short-form administrative division names and all physical feature names which do not include a generic term. -
Mythology and Destiny Albert Doja
Mythology and Destiny Albert Doja To cite this version: Albert Doja. Mythology and Destiny. Anthropos -Freiburg-, Richarz Publikations-service GMBH, 2005, 100 (2), pp.449-462. 10.5771/0257-9774-2005-2-449. halshs-00425170 HAL Id: halshs-00425170 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00425170 Submitted on 1 May 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. H anthropos 100.2005:449-462 1^2 Mythologyand Destiny AlbertDoja Abstract.- In Albaniantradition, the essential attributes of larlyassociated with the person's spirit, with their the mythologicalfigures of destinyseem to be symbolic lifeand death,their health, their future character, interchangeablerepresentations of birth itself. Their mythical theirsuccesses and setbacks. the combatis butthe symbolic representation of the cyclic return Theysymbolize in thewatery and chthonianworld of death,leading, like the person'sproperties, are thespiritual condensation vegetation,tothe cosmic revival of a newbirth. Both protective of theirqualities. They have suchclose mystical anddestructive positions of theattributes of birth,symbolized tieswith the person that merely the way they are by the amnioticmembranes, the caul, and othersingular dealtwith or theaim are ascribeddetermines ofmaternal they markers,or by the means of the symbolism water, theindividual's own and fate. -
Country Advice Albania Albania – ALB36773 – Greece – Orthodox Christian Church – Baptisms – Albania – Church Services – Tirana – Trikala 9 July 2010
Country Advice Albania Albania – ALB36773 – Greece – Orthodox Christian Church – Baptisms – Albania – Church services – Tirana – Trikala 9 July 2010 1. Please search for information on Greece in relation to whether a person cannot be baptised Orthodox if they are illegally in Greece. Information regarding whether a person cannot be baptised Orthodox if they are illegally in Greece was not located in a search of the sources consulted. The Greek constitution establishes the Eastern Orthodox Church of Christ (Greek Orthodox Church) as the prevailing religion in Greece and it was estimated that 97 percent of the population identified itself as Greek Orthodox. The Greek Orthodox Church exercises significant influence and “[m]any citizens assumed that Greek ethnicity was tied to Orthodox Christianity. Some non-Orthodox citizens complained of being treated with suspicion or told that they were not truly Greek when they revealed their religious affiliation.”1 It is reported that most of Greece‟s native born population are baptised into the Orthodox Church.2 A 2004 report indicates that the “Orthodox Church takes on the self anointed role as keeper of the national identity”. The report refers to the comments of a priest in Athens who said that “in Greece, we regard Greeks as the ones who are baptised” and people who were not baptised, immigrants, were not seen as Greek.3 2. Please provide information generally about the Orthodox Church in Albania including, if possible, details about the order of the church service. The Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania is one of four traditional religious groups in Albania. The majority of Albanians do not actively practice a faith,4 but it is estimated that 20 to 25 percent of the Albanian population are in communities that are traditionally Albanian Orthodox. -
Missionary Politics of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 19Th Century in Albanian Geography
International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR) ISSN: 2454-4116, Volume-4, Issue-6, June 2018 Pages 88-94 Missionary Politics of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 19th century in Albanian Geography Dibran Vataj, Shkëlqim Gashi Balkan nations. XIX. In the last quarter of the century, many Abstract— XIX. Century, for Albanian geography is a period Balkan nations, including Albanian geography, began to rise of irreversible. The source of the changes that took place in this up against the Ottoman state.Political developments in the century was the European states, which led to the beginning of a Balkan geography and the uprisings against the Ottoman process involving not only the Albanian people but all the State accelerated the process of establishing the Balkan Balkan nations. In this paper, it is said that the period of the XIX. Century, the missionary activities of the states.Balkan lands controlled for centuries by the Ottoman Austro-Hungarian Empire, especially in the territory of Empire, XIX. In the 19th century, they started to separate Albania. In addition, relations between Albania and the themselves from the influences of the "nationalism" Ottoman Empire and the region, the political and cultural movement and the uprisings that took place. This process is situation of the XIX.Century will be discussed. The religious also called by the Balkan nations as the "Nationalist Period". and linguistic missions of the Austro-Hungarian Empire with Despite the fact that most of the Albanian people were Catholic priests in Albanian geography will also be the subject of this work. Supports made by the Austro-Hungarian state to Muslims, there was a social structure that was intertwined the Albanian State will be discussed in the discussion part of the with the Christian segment.