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Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Kurmanji Kurdish As
Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Kurmanji Kurdish as Spoken in Turkey 1. Special handling of dialects Kurmanji Kurdish is a major branch of modern Kurdish, which belongs to the Iranian group of languages. Kurdish is largely a spoken language with a limited but growing body of modern literature. There are many dialectal varieties of Kurdish spread over a wide area of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Armenia and Azerbaijan. There are, in addition, different classifications of Kurdish languages and Kurdish peoples that align dialectal choice with tribal affinity. Linguistic and Kurdish scholars usually describe modern Kurdish as having two closely related major branches: Kurmanji (the northern branch) and Sorani (the southern branch). They are not mutually intelligible (see Thackston (2006) p. vii). The Kurdish Institute summarizes the situation as follows: “Kurdish has two regional standards, namely Kurmanji in Turkey, and Sorani farther east and south. Roughly half of Kurdish speakers live in Turkey.” (see http://www.institutkurde.org/en/ and also http://www.blueglobetranslations.com/about- kurdish-kurmanji-language.html). Within the larger region there are two other languages often associated with ethnic Kurds. These are Dimili (also known as Zazaki) and Gorani. Although sometimes classified as sub-dialects of Kurdish (e.g., Kurdish Language - Britannica Online Encyclopedia), these languages belong to a different group of Iranian languages (see for example, http://kurds_history.enacademic.com/346/Kurmanji). Although Kurmanji Kurdish is spoken across a range of countries, it has the advantage of being spoken by around 60-80% of Kurds and is considered a regional standard. The majority of Kurmanji speakers live in Turkey, making it the ideal country for collection of audio data (see for example, http://linguakurd.blogfa.com/post-106.aspx). -
LCSH Section K
K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Motion of K stars in line of sight Ka-đai language USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) Radial velocity of K stars USE Kadai languages K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) — Orbits Ka’do Herdé language USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Galactic orbits of K stars USE Herdé language K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K stars—Galactic orbits Ka’do Pévé language UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) BT Orbits USE Pévé language K9 (Fictitious character) — Radial velocity Ka Dwo (Asian people) K 37 (Military aircraft) USE K stars—Motion in line of sight USE Kadu (Asian people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) — Spectra Ka-Ga-Nga script (May Subd Geog) K 98 k (Rifle) K Street (Sacramento, Calif.) UF Script, Ka-Ga-Nga USE Mauser K98k rifle This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Inscriptions, Malayan K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 subdivision. Ka-houk (Wash.) USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Streets—California USE Ozette Lake (Wash.) K.A. Lind Honorary Award K-T boundary Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary UF Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) K.A. Linds hederspris K-T Extinction Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction BT National parks and reserves—Hawaii K-ABC (Intelligence test) K-T Mass Extinction Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-B Bridge (Palau) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K-theory Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test [QA612.33] USE Kajukenbo K. -
Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern
SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN VOLUME 4 PASHTO, WANECI, ORMURI Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan Volume 2 Languages of Northern Areas Volume 3 Hindko and Gujari Volume 4 Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri Volume 5 Languages of Chitral Series Editor Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 4 Pashto Waneci Ormuri Daniel G. Hallberg National Institute of Summer Institute Pakistani Studies of Quaid-i-Azam University Linguistics Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS HP14 3XL United Kingdom First published 1992 Reprinted 2004 ISBN 969-8023-14-3 Price, this volume: Rs.300/- Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/- To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact: National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: 92-51-2230791 Fax: 92-51-2230960 To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact: International Academic Bookstore 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236, USA Phone: 1-972-708-7404 Fax: 1-972-708-7433 Internet: http://www.sil.org Email: [email protected] REFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY R. CANDLIN. CONTENTS Preface.............................................................................................................vii Maps................................................................................................................ -
NACIL. Sorani Pptx
Identity Avoidance in Morphology; Evidence from Polyfunctional Clitics of Sorani Kurdish Sahar Taghipour University of Kentucky April 2017 In this study ´ Kurdish and its dialects In this study ´ Kurdish and Its Dialects ´ Polyfunctional Clitics in Sorani Kurdish In this study ´ Kurdish and its dialects ´ Polyfunctional Clitics in Sorani Kurdish ´ Morphological Haplology In this study ´ Kurdish and its dialects ´ What are the polyfunctional clitics in Sorani Kurdish ´ Morphological Haplology ´ Constraint-based Morphology with basic concepts from Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky: 1993 ) Kurdish and its dialects ´ Iranian languages are divided into two major branches: Western and Eastern Southwestern (Persian) and Northwestern (Kurdish) ´ Kurdish “Is a cover term for a cluster of northwest Iranian languages and dialects spoken by between 20 and 30 million speakers in a contiguous area of West Iran, North Iraq, eastern Turkey and eastern Syria” (Haig and Opengin: 2015) Northern, Central, and Southern(Windfuhr (2009) “In terms of numbers of speakers and degree of standardization, the two most important Kurdish dialects are Sorani (Central Kurdish) and Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)” (Haig and Matras: 2002) Where Kurdish is spoken? ´ Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) They’re mainly in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Western Azarbayjan in Iran ´ Central Kurdish (Sorani or Mukri) Some parts in Iraq and Iran (Northwestern, Northeastern, in particular ) ´ Southern Kermanshah and Ilam Province (West and Southwestern part of Iran) Sorani and Its Dialects In this study, I am going to talk in particular about Sorani Kurdish. Its dialects are: Mukriyani Ardalani Garmiani Hawlari Babani Jafi Sorani and Its Dialects In this study, I am going to talk in particular about Sorani Kurdish. -
Download Download
October 2020 Volume: 8, No: 2, pp. 371 – 381 ISSN: 2051-4883 e-ISSN: 2051-4891 www.KurdishStudies.net Article History: Received: 22 May 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i2.574 Review article: Kurds, Zazas and Alevis Martin van Bruinessen1 Celia Jenkins, Suavi Aydin & Umit Cetin, eds., Alevism as an Ethno- Religious Identity: Contested Boundaries, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2018, 130 pp., (ISBN 978-1-138-09631-8). Erdal Gezik & Ahmet Kerim Gültekin, eds., Kurdish Alevis and the Case of Dersim: Historical and Contemporary Insights, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2019, 172 pp., (ISBN 978-1-4985-7548-5). Eberhard Werner, Rivers and Mountains: A Historical, Applied Anthropological and Linguistical Study of the Zaza People of Turkey Including an Introduction to Applied Cultural Anthropology, Nürnberg: VTR Publications, 2017, 549 pp., (ISBN 978-3-95776-065-4). Religious and linguistic minorities among the Kurds have often had an ambivalent relationship with the Kurdish movement and with Kurdish identity. Sunni Muslim speakers of Kurmanji or Sorani too have at times been willing to downplay ethnicity in the name of Muslim brotherhood with dominant Arab or Turkish state elites, but the emphasis on Islam has rarely led them to deny being Kurdish. For the minorities, on the other hand, Kurdish identity has been only one of several possible options, and political conditions have often strongly influenced which identity they prioritised. The Yezidis (Êzîdî) are a case in point: for a long time most Yezidis considered themselves as Kurds and were considered as Kurds by others – in fact it was mostly Yezidis who pioneered modern Kurdish literature and Kurdish broadcasting in Soviet Armenia – but during the past thirty years we could observe a notable move away from Kurdish identity towards a distinct Yezidi ethnicity. -
The Socio Linguistic Situation and Language Policy of the Autonomous Region of Mountainous Badakhshan: the Case of the Tajik Language*
THE SOCIO LINGUISTIC SITUATION AND LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF MOUNTAINOUS BADAKHSHAN: THE CASE OF THE TAJIK LANGUAGE* Leila Dodykhudoeva Institute Of Linguistics, Russian Academy Of Sciences The paper deals with the problem of closely related languages of the Eastern and Western Iranian origin that coexist in a close neighbourhood in a rather compact area of one region of Republic Tajikistan. These are a group of "minor" Pamir languages and state language of Tajikistan - Tajik. The population of the Autonomous Region of Mountainous Badakhshan speaks different Pamir languages. They are: Shughni, Rushani, Khufi, Bartangi, Roshorvi, Sariqoli; Yazghulami; Wakhi; Ishkashimi. These languages have no script and written tradition and are used only as spoken languages in the region. The status of these languages and many other local linguemes is still discussed in Iranology. Nearly all Pamir languages to a certain extent can be called "endangered". Some of these languages, like Yazghulami, Roshorvi, Ishkashimi are included into "The Red Book " (UNESCO 1995) as "endangered". Some of them are extinct. Information on other idioms up to now is not available. These languages live in close cooperation and interaction with the state language of Tajikistan - Tajik. Almost all population of Badakhshan is multilingual or bilingual. The second language is official language of the state - Tajik. This language is used in Badakhshan as the language of education, press, media, and culture. This is the reason why this paper is focused on the status of Tajik language in Republic Tajikistan and particularly in Badakhshan. The Tajik literary language (its oral and written forms) has a long history and rich written traditions. -
Zazai Tribe’ Mean Anything About the Origin of Zaza People? (Zazai Aşireti Zazaların Kökeni Hakkında Bir Şeyler Söyleyebilir Mi?)
Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi Yıl:1, Cilt:1, Sayı:1, Ocak 2015, ss. 115-123 Can ‘Zazai Tribe’ Mean Anything About The Origin Of Zaza People? (Zazai Aşireti Zazaların Kökeni Hakkında Bir Şeyler Söyleyebilir Mi?) Rasim BOZBUĞA1 Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to review bibliography and investigate relevant information about Zazai tribe and Zaza people in order to explore pos- sible connection between them. Findings about Zazas and Zazai Pastun tribe indicate that these two groups have strong connection which is more than ha- ving phonological similar names. Moreover, religious, cultural, historical re- semblances point out that these two groups share some mutual characteristics. Indeed, it is strongly possible that these two groups have originated from same ancestors or same areas (i.e. greater Khorasan or Northern Iran). Keywords : Zazas, Zaza People, The Origin Of The Zazas, Zazai Peshtun Tribe And Zaza Peshtun. Özet Zazai aşiretiyle Zaza halkı arasında ses benzerliği dışında ilişki bulunup bu- lunmadığı sorusunu cevaplamaya çalışan bu çalışmada Zazai aşiretiyle Zaza halkı arasında dilbilimsel, dinsel, kültürel ve yaşam biçimi açısından dikkat çekici benzerliklerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Zazaca’nın en yakın olduğu dillerden biri olan Partça bazı kelimelerin hem Zazaca’da hem Peştunca’da bulunması, Peştun aşiretlerinden sadece Zazai aşiretiyle soy birliği olan Turi aşiretinin Şii olması, Zazai Attan dansıyla Alevi semahlarının benzer figürleri 1 Gazi Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi Doktora Öğrencisi Yıl/Year:1, Cilt/Volume:1, Sayı/Issue:1, Ocak 2015 116 Rasim BOZBUĞA içermesi, Zazai aşiretinin yaşadığı bölgelerin Zazaların yaşadığı coğrafya gibi dağlık alanlar olması, Zazai aşiretinin ataları arasında Zaza-Goran gruplar ara- sında bulunan Kakai adında atanın olması, Zazai aşiretinin içinde bulundugu Karlan grubunun sonradan Peştunlaştığına ilişkin rivayetler Zazai aşiretiyle Zaza/Goran halkının ortak bir coğrafya yada ortak bir soydan gelmiş olabilece- ği varsayımını güçlendirmektedir. -
Stay with God.Pdf
STAY WITH GOD A Statement in Illusion on Reality Third edition 1990 By Francis Brabazon An Avatar Meher Baba Trust Online Release June 2011 Copyright © Avatar’s Abode Trust 1984 Source and short publication history: This Online Release reproduces the third edition, which is the first illustrated edition (1990), of Stay With God, published by New Humanity Books, Melbourne, Australia. Stay With God was originally published by Edwards and Shwa for Garuda Books, Woombye, Queensland, in 1959, and a second edition was published in 1977 by Meher House Publications, Bombay, India. eBooks at the Avatar Meher Baba Trust Web Site The Avatar Meher Baba Trust’s eBooks aspire to be textually exact though non- facsimile reproductions of published books, journals and articles. With the consent of the copyright holders, these online editions are being made available through the Avatar Meher Baba Trust’s web site, for the research needs of Meher Baba’s lovers and the general public around the world. Again, the eBooks reproduce the text, though not the exact visual likeness, of the original publications. They have been created through a process of scanning the original pages, running these scans through optical character recognition (OCR) software, reflowing the new text, and proofreading it. Except in rare cases where we specify otherwise, the texts that you will find here correspond, page for page, with those of the original publications: in other words, page citations reliably correspond to those of the source books. But in other respects—such as lineation and font—the page designs differ. Our purpose is to provide digital texts that are more readily downloadable and searchable than photo facsimile images of the originals would have been. -
NEWSLETTER CENTER for IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol
CIS NEWSLETTER CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 13, No.2 MEALAC–Columbia University–New York Fall 2001 Encyclopædia Iranica: Volume X Published Fascicle 1, Volume XI in Press With the publication of fascicle ISLAMIC PERSIA: HISTORY AND 6 in the Summer of 2001, Volume BIOGRAPHY X of the Encyclopædia Iranica was Eight entries treat Persian his- completed. The first fascicle of Vol- tory from medieval to modern ume XI is in press and will be pub- times, including “Golden Horde,” lished in December 2001. The first name given to the Mongol Khanate fascicle of volume XI features over 60 ruled by the descendents of Juji, the articles on various aspects of Persian eldest son of Genghis Khan, by P. Jack- culture and history. son. “Golshan-e Morad,” a history of the PRE-ISLAMIC PERSIA Zand Dynasty, authored by Mirza Mohammad Abu’l-Hasan Ghaffari, by J. Shirin Neshat Nine entries feature Persia’s Pre-Is- Perry. “Golestan Treaty,” agreement lamic history and religions: “Gnosti- arranged under British auspices to end at Iranian-American Forum cism” in pre-Islamic Iranian world, by the Russo-Persian War of 1804-13, by K. Rudolph. “Gobryas,” the most widely On the 22nd of September, the E. Daniel. “Joseph Arthur de known form of the old Persian name Encyclopædia Iranica’s Iranian-Ameri- Gobineau,” French man of letters, art- Gaub(a)ruva, by R. Schmitt. “Giyan ist, polemist, Orientalist, and diplomat can Forum (IAF) organized it’s inau- Tepe,” large archeological mound lo- who served as Ambassador of France in gural event: a cocktail party and pre- cated in Lorestan province, by E. -
A Linguistic Assessment of the Munji Language in Afghanistan
Vol. 6 (2011), pp. 38-103 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4506 A Linguistic Assessment of the Munji Language in Afghanistan Daniela Beyer Simone Beck International Assistance Mission (IAM) This paper presents a sociolinguistic assessment of the Munji (ISO: mnj) speech variety based on data collected in the Munjan area of northern Afghanistan. The goal was to determine whether a national language is adequate for primary school education and literature, or whether the Munji people would benefit from language development, including literature development in the vernacular. The survey trip entailed administering questionnaires to village elders,sociolinguistic questionnaires as well as Dari proficiency questionnaires to men and women of various age groups, eliciting word lists, and observing intelligibility of Dari and language use. In this way we aimed to determine the vitality of Munji, the different varieties of Munji, the use of Munji and Dari in the different domains of life, attitudes toward the speaking community’s own speech variety and toward Dari, and to investigate their intelligibility of Dari. In this paper we aim to show that the Munji people would benefit from Munji language development as a basis for both primary school material and adult literacy material in the mother tongue. In the long term, this is likely to raise the education level as well as the Munji people’s ability to acquire Dari literacy. 1. INTRODUCTION.1 From April 20 to 25, 2008, we conducted sociolingistic research in the Munjan language area of northern Afghanistan.2 The research was carried out under the auspices of the International Assistance Mission (IAM), a non-governmental organization working in Afghanistan. -
Muslim Saints of South Asia
MUSLIM SAINTS OF SOUTH ASIA This book studies the veneration practices and rituals of the Muslim saints. It outlines the principle trends of the main Sufi orders in India, the profiles and teachings of the famous and less well-known saints, and the development of pilgrimage to their tombs in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. A detailed discussion of the interaction of the Hindu mystic tradition and Sufism shows the polarity between the rigidity of the orthodox and the flexibility of the popular Islam in South Asia. Treating the cult of saints as a universal and all pervading phenomenon embracing the life of the region in all its aspects, the analysis includes politics, social and family life, interpersonal relations, gender problems and national psyche. The author uses a multidimen- sional approach to the subject: a historical, religious and literary analysis of sources is combined with an anthropological study of the rites and rituals of the veneration of the shrines and the description of the architecture of the tombs. Anna Suvorova is Head of Department of Asian Literatures at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. A recognized scholar in the field of Indo-Islamic culture and liter- ature, she frequently lectures at universities all over the world. She is the author of several books in Russian and English including The Poetics of Urdu Dastaan; The Sources of the New Indian Drama; The Quest for Theatre: the twentieth century drama in India and Pakistan; Nostalgia for Lucknow and Masnawi: a study of Urdu romance. She has also translated several books on pre-modern Urdu prose into Russian. -
Book Reviews Mélanges D'ethnographie Et De
Iran and the Caucasus 22 (2018) 419-422 Book Reviews Mélanges d’ethnographie et de dialectologie Irano-Aryennes à la mémoire de Charles-Martin Kieffer (Studia Iranica, Cahier 61), edited by Matteo De Chiara, Adriano V. Rossi, and Daniel Septfonds, Leuven: “Peeters”, 2018.— 413 pp. + map. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Charles-Martin Kieffer, the prominent French linguist and ethnographer on matters Afghanica. Kief- fer’s fundamental contribution to the Atlas Linguistique de l’Afghanistan, the description of two critically endangered Iranian languages (Ōrmuṛi of Baraki-Barak and Parāči), as well as data on language taboos in Afghan countryside, remain crucial for the research on Afghan ethnography and socio-linguistic situation in Afghanistan. The range of the topics of sixteen articles collected in Kieffer’s homage is wide enough to include contributions on Ossetic funeral rites and Balo- chi war-ballads, influence of Pashto on Dardic languages of Afghanistan and prefixes in Ormuri, etc. L. Arys in “Les Rites Funéraires Ossètes”, highlights the archaic charac- ter of the funerary customs among the Iranian-speaking Ossetes in the Caucasus and shows how this tradition is still important for a contempo- rary Ossete family. S. Badalkhan (“A Balochi Ballad on the Brāhō-Jadgāl Wars and the formation of Brāhōī Tribes”) presents a piece from the rich Balochi oral tradition, a 17th century ballad recounting the tribal confrontation and clashes between multilingual (Balochi, Jadgali, Brahoi) units in Kalat and Khuzdar districts, which led to the formation of Brahoi tribes based on heterogenous elements. H. Borjian’s article, “The Dialect of Khur”, is a skectch of the grammar of a largely understudied dialect of Biabanak district at the southern bor- der of Dasht-e Kavir desert in Iran.