Patron Saint of a World in Crisis: Early Modern Representations of St
PATRON SAINT OF A WORLD IN CRISIS: EARLY MODERN REPRESENTATIONS OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER IN EUROPE AND ASIA by Rachel Miller BA, Kenyon College, 2005 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2010 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Rachel Miller It was defended on March 28, 2016 and approved by Christopher J. Nygren, Assistant Professor, History of Art and Architecture Mrinalini Rajagopalan, Assistant Professor, History of Art and Architecture Patrick Manning, Professor, History Dissertation Advisor: Kirk Savage, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Dissertation Advisor: Ann Sutherland Harris, Professor Emerita, History of Art and Architecture ii Copyright © by Rachel Miller 2016 iii PATRON SAINT OF A WORLD IN CRISIS: EARLY MODERN REPRESENTATIONS OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER IN EUROPE AND ASIA Rachel Miller, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 Recent historical studies have focused on the vital role that Catholic saints played after the Council of Trent, investigating how these holy figures were utilized to alleviate all manner of problems besetting the Post-Tridentine Church, emerging European nation states, and individual Catholics. My dissertation, however, approaches this issue from an art historical perspective, considering how images of St. Francis Xavier, the sixteenth-century Jesuit missionary, exercised considerable agency in an early modern world rife with global crisis. Specifically, I investigate Xaverian prints and paintings created in border zones of early modern Catholicism or in territories of the Iberian empires, particularly Antwerp, Goa, and Naples.
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