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Sarah Magdalena Fiedler DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Die Darstellung von Erotik und Obszönität in der mittelkymrischen Dichtung und ihr europäischer Kontext“ Verfasserin Sarah Magdalena Fiedler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 327 Studienrichtung lt. Zulassungsbescheid: Individuelles Studium Keltologie Betreuer: Mag. Dr. Stefan Schumacher Inhaltsverzeichnis 1.Zur Einführung..................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Begriffsdefinition ‘Erotik’ und ‘Obszönität’............................................................................5 1.2 Sexualität und das Mittelalter...................................................................................................6 1.2.1 Sexualität und die Sünde des Fleisches: Fortpflanzung und Wollust................................6 1.2.2 Die Notwendigkeit der sexuellen Enthaltsamkeit.............................................................8 1.2.3. Die Bußhandbücher des Mittelalters................................................................................9 1.3 Die Lust am Obszönen...........................................................................................................14 1.3.1 Carmen Buranum 185.....................................................................................................14 1.3.2 Konrad von Würzburg und ‘Die Halbe Birne’................................................................16 1.3.3 Giovanni Boccaccios Decameron und Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales.................19 2.Die literarische Situation in Wales vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert.............................................22 2.1 Entwicklungen und Traditionen in der walisischen Literatur des Mittelalters.......................22 2.2 Die Gogynfeirdd / Beirdd y Tywysogion................................................................................23 2.2.1 Rhieingerdd ‘Mädchengedichte’.....................................................................................25 2.2.2 Religiöse Dichtung..........................................................................................................27 2.3 Die Cywyddwyr / Beirdd yr Uchelwyr...................................................................................28 2.3.1 Y Clêr..............................................................................................................................30 2.3.2 Die Herkunft des Wortes „clêr“......................................................................................33 2.4 Die Metrik der walisischen Dichtung ....................................................................................34 3.Die erotische Dichtung der Cywyddwyr: I Vorbilder......................................................................37 3.1 Ofyddiaeth..............................................................................................................................40 3.1.1 Ovid und die walisische Dichtung..................................................................................42 3.2 Trobadorlyrik: Die höfische Liebe im provenzalischen Raum...............................................43 3.2.1 Fabliau und Pastourelle...................................................................................................44 3.2.2 Wilhelm IX. von Aquitanien...........................................................................................45 3.2.3 Aquitanien und mehr.......................................................................................................49 3.2.4 Strophenformen und Melodien.......................................................................................51 3.2.5 Feudalistische Staatsordnung und das Rittertum............................................................52 3.2.6 Orientalische Einflüsse...................................................................................................53 3.3 Der Rosenroman.....................................................................................................................54 3.3.1 Der Einfluss des Rosenromans auf die walisische Dichtung..........................................57 3.3.2 Exkurs zum Pilgerstab....................................................................................................60 3.4 Andere Parallelen zur französischen Dichtung.......................................................................62 3.5 Gerald the third Earl of Desmond in Irland............................................................................64 4.Die erotische Dichtung der Cywyddwyr II: Varianten....................................................................65 4.1 Satire.......................................................................................................................................65 4.1.1 Satirische Dichtung im Roten Buch von Hergest...........................................................66 4.1.2 Dafydd ap Gwilym und Rhys Meigen............................................................................68 4.2 Subversive Dichtung: Humoristische Sprengung von Gattungskonventionen.......................70 4.2.1 Satire...............................................................................................................................70 4.2.2 Guto’r Glyns Hoden und Dafydd ab Edmwnds Penis....................................................70 4.2.3 Das Bittgedicht................................................................................................................72 4.2.4 Das Botengedicht............................................................................................................73 4.2.5 Exkurs zum autonomen Geschlechtsorgan.....................................................................76 4.3 Die Darstellung der Geschlechtsorgane in der mittelalterlichen walisischen Dichtung ........81 4.4 Die üblichen Verwerflichen: Protagonisten der mittelalterlichen Erotika..............................86 4.4.1 Protagonisten: Der lüsterne Mönch.................................................................................88 4.4.2 Protagonisten: Der verhinderte Liebesabenteurer...........................................................95 4.4.3 Protagonisten: Die obszöne Alte...................................................................................102 4.4.4 Protagonisten: Der eifersüchtige Ehemann...................................................................113 5.Abschließendes..............................................................................................................................117 6.Danksagung...................................................................................................................................119 7.Verwendete Abkürzungen..............................................................................................................120 8.Verwendete Literatur:....................................................................................................................121 Anhang.............................................................................................................................................126 I Zusammenfassung / Summary.......................................................................................................126 II Lebenslauf.....................................................................................................................................128 1. Zur Einführung 1.1 Begriffsdefinition ‘Erotik’ und ‘Obszönität’ An den Anfang dieser Arbeit möchte ich eine genauere Definition der beiden im Titel genannten Begriffe ‘Erotik’ und ‘Obszönität’ stellen. Das Wort Erotik geht auf das griechische érōs, éros ‘Liebe’ zurück.1 Laut Duden bezeichnet es a) den geistig seelischen Bereich mit einbeziehende sinnliche Liebe, Liebes -, Geschlechtsleben; b) Sexualität.2 Das Adjektiv erotisch ist in der deutschen Sprache ein Lehnwort aus dem französischen érotique das seinerseits aus griechisch erōtikós ‘zur Liebe gehörig’ entlehnt ist.3 Nach Duden bedeutet es: a) die Liebe in ihrer [ästhetisch-] sinnlichen Anziehungskraft betreffend; b) sexuell.4 Das Wort Obszönität ist ein Abstraktum zum Adjektiv obszön, einer Entlehnung aus dem lateinischen obscoenus, obscēnus, das von lateinisch cēnum, caenum ‘Schmutz, Unflat’ abstammt.5 Laut Duden hat obszön folgende Bedeutungen: 1) in das Schamgefühl verletzender Weise auf den Sexual- /Fäkalbereich bezogen; unanständig; schlüpfrig; 2) [moralisch – sittliche] Entrüstung hervorrufend.6 Die beiden Begriffe bilden also gewissermaßen Gegensätze zueinander, indem die Erotik in erster Linie die anregende Sinnlichkeit, die Obszönität, als negativer Begriff, vor allem das Anstößige bezeichnet, das nicht den Normen einer gesellschaftlichen Moralvorstellung oder eines Verhaltenskodexes entspricht. Jede Gesellschaft und innerhalb dieser jede Gesellschaftsschicht hat unterschiedliche Verhaltensnormen, die schlussendlich jedoch bis zu einem gewissen Grad von jeder Person individuell ausgelegt werden. Was ich als obszön und somit abstoßend empfinde, kann auf jemand anderen durchaus sexuell anregend wirken, und umgekehrt kann jemand etwas als obszön empfinden, das ich in keiner Weise als unanständig empfinde. Die Problematik, die sich also beim Versuch ergibt, diese Begriffe auf die Literatur einer Zeit anzuwenden, die über ein halbes Jahrtausend zurückliegt, liegt klar auf der Hand und soll hier nicht seitenlang erörtert werden. Es soll jedoch an
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