Journal of the Audlo Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 30, Number 1/2,1982 January/February. Published monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published brmonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, Edltorral Office, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 30 NUMBER 112 1982 JANUARYIFEBRUARY Telephone 21 2-661 -2355. Second-class postage paid at Utrca, New York, USA. PAPERS The Audio Eng~neeringSoc~ety Musical Sound Synthesis by Forward Differences .....Yasuhiro Mitsuhashi 2 is not responsible for statements A New Method of Measuring Transient Intermodulation Distortion: made by its contributors Comparison with the Conventional Method ...... Susumu Takahashi and Susumu Tanaka 10 Copyright Copyright O 1982 by the Audlo ENGINEERING REPORTS Engineering Soclety, Inc It is permitted to quote from thrs Journal Three-Dimensional Energy Plots in the Frequency Domain with customary credrt to the source...... G. Bank and G. T. Hathaway 17 An Adapting Delay Comb Filter for the Restoration of Audio Signals Badly Copies Corrupted with a Periodic Signal of Slowly Changing Frequency Individual readers are permrtted to ...... Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr., and Walter H. Ku 24 photocopy isolated art~clesfor A Professional Digital Audio Mixer research or other noncommercial use ...... N. Sakarnoto, S. Yarnaguchi, and A. Kurahashi 28 A copying fee for post-1980 artlcles IS rncluded in the code at the bottom PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS of the f~rstpage of each article Thls Calculator Program for Head-Related Transfer Function fee should be pa~dto the Audro ...... Dane H. Cooper 34 Eng~neerrngSoc~ety through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc , 21 Congress Street, Salem, DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Massachusetts 01970, USA. Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1981 The same copying fee applles to November 2) ...... Bart Locanthi 40 pre-1981 articles. Report of the AES Technical Committee on Sound Reinforcement Photocopies of lndrv~dualarticles Components (1981 November 1) ...... Clifford A. Henricksen 46 may be ordered from the AES Headquarters off rce STANDARDS at $3 00 per artlcle. Standards News ...... 48

Back Issues FEATURES Selected back Issues are available at $5 00 per copy For information, 71st Convention Preview ...... 54 contact AES Headquarters office Exhibitors ...... 55 Previews ...... 56 Microfilm Cop~esof Volume 19, Number 1 DEPARTMENTS (1971 January) to the present edition Review of Acoustical Patents ...... -...... 50 are available on microfilm from Sound Track ...... 78 Universrty Microfilms Internattonal, News of the Sections ...... 82 300 North Zeeb Road Available Literature...... 84 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Upcoming Meetings...... 88 Membership Information ...... 89 Reprints and Repubtication In Memoriam ...... 96 Mult~plereproductron or republicat~on of any mater~alIn this Journai requires Editorial Staff the permission of the Audio Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Eng~neeringSocrety. Permisston may Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors lnqurr~esshould be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Ed~torIAdvertis~ng the AES Edttorrai office G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Techn~calEditor

Advertising Review Board For Information on Journal R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder advert~srngrates, deadtlnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter mechan~calrequrrements, contact W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small the Edrtorlal offrce. C. R. Cable R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For information on the presentat~on J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D..L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White ~nstdeback cover. M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward JOURNAL OF THE Number 3,1982 March Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publrshed bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Eng~neeringSocrety, Edrtorial Offrce, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 212-661-2355 VOLUME 30 NUMBER 3 1982 MARCH Second-class postage pald at Utica, New York, USA The Audfo Engineerrng Socrety is not responsrble for statements PAPERS made by ~tscontributors Computerized Analysis and Observation of the Vibration Modes of a Loud- Copyright speaker Cone...... Kiyoaki Suzuki and lsami Nomoto 98 Copyright O 1982 by the Audro Strain-Gauge Sensors Eliminate Acoustic Feedback in Amplified Acoustic Engrneerrng Socrety, Inc It IS Stringed Instruments ...... C. Ernst Nourney 107 perrnltted to quote from this Journal with customary credrt to the source ENGINEERING REPORTS Copies lndivrdual readers are permitted to Measuring Loudspeaker Constants by a Transient Method photocopy isolated articles for ...... Oluf Jacobsen 112 research or other noncommercial use An Experimental "All Digital" Studio Mixing Desk A copying fee for post-1980 artrcles ...... John W. Richards and Ian Craven 117 is rncluded In the code at the bottom A Flexible Digital Sound-Editing Program for Minicomputer Systems of the frrst page of each article This fee should be pard to the Audio ...... M. Griffiths and P. J. Bloom 127 Engrneering Society through the A Simple Hardware Pitch Extractor Copyright Clearance Center, Inc , ...... Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr., and Walter H. Ku 135 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA The same copying fee applles to pre-1981 artrcles STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES Photocopres of indrviduat artrcles may be ordered from the AES AES Draft Recommended Practice for Specification of Loudspeaker Com- Headquarters office ponents Used in Professional Audio and Sound Re~nforcement 140 at $3 00 per artrcle Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol 70, pp 232-233 1982 January) 146 Back Issues Selected back issues are available at $5 00 per copy For information, DEPARTMENTS contact AES Headquarters office

Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 150 Microfilm News of the Sections ...... 156 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Sound Track ...... 160 (1971 January) to the present edrtron Upcoming Meetings...... 163 are available on rnrcrofilm from New Products and Developments...... 164 University Mrcrofilms International, Available Literature ...... 167 300 North Zeeb Road, Membership Information ...... 169 Ann Arbor, Mlchigan 48106, USA

Reprints and Republication Multiple reproductron or republrcatron of any materral in thrs Journal requires Editorial Staff the permrssron of the Audio Harry F. Olson Editor Emer~tus Engineering Society Perrn~ssronmay Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors lnquirres should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Product~onEditor/Advertising the AES Editorla1 office G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For informat~onon Journal advertrsrng rates, deadl~nes,and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J, H. Kogen M, R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Edrtorial offrce C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For informat~onon the presentation J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White rns~deback cover M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE I I Sociefy (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 30, Published monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDlQ ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engrneerlng Soc~ety, Edltorral Offlce, 60 East 42nd Street, NewYork, NewYork 10165-0075,USA, VOLUME 30 NUMBER 4 1982 APRIL Telephone 212-661 -2355 I Second-class postage pald PAPERS at Utica, New York, USA. Output Resistance and Intermodulation Distortion of Feedback Amplifiers The Audlo Engineering Soc~ety ...... Edward M. Cherry and Gregory K. Cambrell 178 is not responsible for statements Piecewise Interpolation Technique for Audio Signal Synthesis made by ~tscontrrbutors...... Yasuhiro Mitsuhashi 192

Copyright ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright O 1982 by the Audro Improvement of Multichannel Radio Microphone Operation by Use of Engineering Soclety, Inc It is Advanced Receiver Techniques ...... E. Werner 203 permitted to quote from thrs Journal The Autobias Amplifier: A New Topology for Automatically Biased Audio w~thcustomary credit to the source. Amplifiers Using Power MOSFETs ...... Bill Roehr 208 On Disk-Record Echo Phenomena ...... Otfried Stephani 217 ( Copies lndivrdual readers are permitted to LETTERS TO THE EDITOR photocopy isolated articles for Comments on "Absorption of Sound Air: A Personal Calculator Program" research or other noncommerc~aluse ...... Knud Wendelboe 225 I Author's Reply ...... Benjamin Bernfeld 225 A copying fee for post-1980 artrcles 1s included in the code at the bottom of the frrst page of each art~cleTh~s STANDARDS fee should be paid to the Audio The S4 Committee on Audio Engineering and Its Relation to Other National Engineering Society through the and International Standards Activity ...... Geoffrey M. Langdon 227 Copyright Clearance Center Inc , Status of Current Standards in Audio and Acoustics...... Daniel Queen 231 21 Congress Street, Salem, A History of Audio Standards Writing in the USA .....John G. McKnight 240 Massachusetts 01970, USA Role of the AES Technical Council in Standards Writing The same copyrng fee applies to ...... Richard H. Campbell 248 wre-1981 articles Photocopies of indlvldual artlcles FEATURES 1 may be ordered from the AES Premier AES Conference: The New World of Digital Audio ...... 252 I Headquarters office I at $3 00 per article TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Digital Working Group Activity...... 254 I Back Issues Corrections to Report of Digital Audio Technical Committee Meeting (1981 Selected back Issues are avarlable at November 2) ...... 254 $5.00 per copy For rnformation, contact AES Headquarters offrce DEPARTMENTS Upcoming Meetings...... 251 Microfilm News of the Sections ...... 255 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Sound Track...... 258 (1971 January) to the present edition New Products and Developments...... 260 are avarlable on microfilm from Available Literature...... 262 Universtty Microfilms International, Membership Information ...... 264 300 North Zeeb Road, In Memoriam ...... 275 Ann Arbor, Mlch~gan48106, USA Call for Papers-72nd Convention, Anaheim, California, 1982...... 276 Communicating Through Poster Sessions ...... Mahlon D. Burkhard 278 Reprints and Republication Information for Authors of Convention Preprints...... 280 Multiple reproduction or republtcatron of any material rn this Journal requires Editorial Staff the permission of the Audlo Harry F. Olson Edltor Emeritus Engineering Society Perm~sslonmay Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors lnqulries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochrnal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calarnusa Production Editor/Advertising the AES Editorlab offrce. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For ~nformatlonon Journal advert~singrates, deadl~nes,and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Edltoriat office C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small ' R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham. Jr. I M. Camras T. Holrnan R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For informatron on the presentatron 1 J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White inside back cover M. 6. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS

New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 30 NUMBER 5 1982 MAY Telephone 21 2-661 -2355. Second-class postage paid at Utica, New York, USA. The Audio Engineering Socrety PAPERS IS not respons~blefor statements Feedback, Sensitivity, and Stability of Audio Power Amplifiers made by its contributors...... Edward M. Cherry 282 Nested Differentiating Feedback Loops in Simple Audio Amplifiers Copyright ...... Edward M. Cherry 295 Copyright O 1982 by the Audio Alignment of Filter-Assisted Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems with Engineer~ngSociety, Inc. It IS Enclosure Losses ...... RA. R. Bywater and H. J. Wiebell 306 permitted to quote from th~sJournal w~thcustomary credit to the source ENGINEERING REPORTS

Copies Extension of the Dynamic Range of Wireless Microphones ...... Wilfried Pohl and Erhard Werner 318 lndtvidual readers are permitted to Feedforward Floating Power Supply (High-Response-Speed Equalizer photocopy isolated art~clesfor research or other noncommercial use Circuit) ...... Eiichi Funasaka and Hikaru Kondou 324 High-Resolution Subjective Testing Using a Double-Blind Comparator A copyrng fee for post-1980 art~cles ...... David Clark 330 is included in the code at the bottom of the first page of each art~cfe.This fee should be paid to the Audro STANDARDS Engineerrng Society through the Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 71, pp. 767-772, 1982 Copyrtght Clearance Center, Inc , March) ...... 339 21 Congress Street, Salem, Standards News ...... 344 Massachusetts 01 970, USA. The same copyfng fee applies to TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS pre-1981 art~cles. Photocopies of individual artfcles AES Digital Audio Technical Committee Resolution of 1981 November 2 .Ernil Torick 344 may be ordered from the AES ...... Headquarters office at $3 00 per article. FEATURES 71st Convention Report ...... 346 Back Issues Exhibitors ...... 352 Selected back issues are avarlable at Program ...... 354 $5 00 per copy For information, contact AES Headquarters off ice. DEPARTMENTS

Microfilm News of the Sections ...... 363 Sound Track ...... 365 Copres of Volume 19, Number 1 Upcoming Meetings ...... 366 (1971 January) to the present edrtion New Products and Developments ...... 367 are available on microfilm from University Microfilms Internat~onai, Available Literature...... 370 300 North Zeeb Road, Abstracts of Interest ...... 372 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Membership Information ...... 373 In Memoriam ...... 380 Reprints and Republication Membership Form ...... 382 Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in this Journal requires the permission of the Audio Editorial Staff Engineering Society. Permiss~onmay Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors. Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertising the AES Edrtorial office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal advertrsing rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Editorial office. C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockharn, Jr. M. Carnras P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For ~nformationon the presentation J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processrng of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Preis J. V. White Inside back cover. R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Queen J. G. Woodward AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 30 NUMBER 6 1982 JUNE

Cumulative Spectra, Tone Bursts, and Apodization ...... John D. Bunton and Richard H. Small 386 Synthesis by Spectral Amplitude and "Brightness" Matching of Analyzed Musical Instrument Tones...... James W. Beauchamp 396 Central Cluster Design Technique for Large Multipurpose Auditoria ...... E. T. Patronis, Jr., and Catharina Donders 407 Loudspeaker Coverage by Architectural Mapping ...... Ted Uzzle 412 A Polar-Plot Method of Loudspeaker Array Design...... Farrel M. Becker 425

ENGINEERING REPORTS Listening Tests-Turning Opinion into Fact ...... Floyd E. Toole 431

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "A New Criterion for the Distribution of Normal Room Modes" ...... James B. Lee 446 Author's Reply ...... Oscar J. Bonello 446

DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1982 March 3) ...... Bart Locanthi 448

STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 71, pp. 1300-1302, 1982 May) ...... 454

Midwest Acoustics Conference (MAC 82)...... 460

DEPARTMENTS Upcoming Meetings ...... 464 News of the Sections ...... 464 Sound Track ...... 467 New Products and Developments ...... 470 Available Literature...... 472 1 Membership Information ...... 473

Editorial Staff Robert 0.Fehr Ed~tor Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEd~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Edltor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertlsing G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechnical Ed~tor

Review Board I

W. M. Leach, Jr. M. R. Schroeder W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. H. Small T. Holman J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick J. M. Kates J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Preis J. V. White R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 30, Number 7/8, 1982 July/August Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly. by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Soclety. Edltorlal Office, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NewYork 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 30 NUMBER 718 1982 JULYIAUGUST Telephone 212-661-2355 Second-class postage paid at Uttca, New York, USA The Audlo Eng~neeringSociety IS not responsible for statements PAPERS made by its contrtbutors Loudspeaker-Crossover Systems: An Optimal Crossover Choice Copyright ...... Robert M. Bullock, 111 486 Computer-Aided Design of Loudspeaker Crossover Networks Copyright O 1982 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is ...... G. J. Adarns and S. P. Roe 496 permitted to quote from this Journal Dynamic-Range Requirement for Subjectively Noise-Free Reproduction of with customary credit to the source. Music...... Louis D. Fielder 504 Notes on the Development of a New Type of Hornless Loudspeaker Copies (Reprint) ...... Chester W. Rice and Edward W. Kellogg 512 lndivrdual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated artlcles for research or other noncommercial use ENGINEERING REPORTS A copying fee for post-1980 articles Tone-Burst Testing on Selected Electronic Crossover Networks is included in the code at the bottom ...... R. A. Greiner 522 of the first page of each article This Anechoic Chamber with Optional Boundaries fee should be pald to the Audlo ...... James R. Hunter and Paul W. Klipsch 528 Engineering Society through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc , 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA FEATURES The same copying fee applies to Premier Conference: The New World of Digital Audio pre-1981 articles. Report ...... 536 Photocopies of individual articles Program ...... 540 may be ordered from the AES Headquarters off ice at $3 00 per arttcle DEPARTMENTS I Back Issues Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 532 Selected back issues are available at News of the Sections ...... 550 $5 00 per copy For informatlon. Upcoming Meetings...... 554 contact AES Headquarters offtce Sound Track...... 554 New Products and Developments ...... 555 Microfilm Available Literature ...... 557 Coptes of Volume 19, Number I Membership Information ...... 559 (1971 January) to the present edition In Memoriam ...... 567 are available on mtcrofilm from AES Annual Report...... 568 University Microftlms Internattonal, Call for Papers-73rd Convention, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 1983 ...... 569 300 North Zeeb Road, Information for Authors of Convention Papers ...... 572 Ann Arbor, Mlchigan 48106, USA

Reprints and Republication Multiple reproductton or republication of any materlal In this Journal requlres the permission of the Audio Editorial Staff Engineer~ngSoc~ety Permission may Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be requlred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEd~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Ed~tor authors lnquir~esshould be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertising the AES Editortal offlce G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Techn~calEd~tor

Advertising Review Board For informatton on Journal R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. M. R. Schroeder advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small the Editorial offlce C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For informatlon on the presentatton J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Preis J. V. White inside back cover R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Queen J. G. Woodward JOURNAL OF THE

AUOlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY- AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 30 NUMBER 9 1982 SEPTEMBER

PAPERS Tonearm Geometry and Frequency-Modulation Distortion ...... Raymond Kilmanas 574 Discussion: ...... J Rabinow 579 ...... Raymond Kilmanas 579 On the Audibility of Midrange Phase Distortion in Audio Systems ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz, Mark Pocock, and John Vanderkooy 580 A New Magnetic Tape Recorder with Automatic Adjusting Functions for Bias and Recording Conditions ...... N. Sakamoto, T. Kogure, M. Ogino, and H. Kitagawa 596

ENGINEERING REPORTS An Amplifier for Electret Headphones ...... M. KrBning, R. Lerch, and R. Zahn 607 Optically Encoded Moving Shutter Attenuator ...... G. James Keller 610 The Design and Testing of a "New" Reverberation Meter ...... C. E. Livingstone, T. E. Base, and A. F. Hawtin 614

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Examination of Audio-Bandwidth Requirements for Optimum Sound Signal Transmission" ...... Thomas E. Miller 621

CORRECTIONS Correction to "Synthesis by Spectral Amplitude and 'Brightness' Matching of Analyzed Musical Instrument Tones" ...... 621 Correction to "Alignment of Filter-Assisted Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems with Enclosure Losses" ...... 621

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Report of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee Working Group on Sampling Frequencies (1982 June 3)...... Emil L. Torick 621

STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 72, pp. 294-297'1982 July) 622

FEATURES 72nd Convention Preview ...... 632 Exhibitors ...... 633 Previews ...... 634

DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ...... 670 Sound Track...... 676 Available Literature ...... 678 Upcoming Meetings ...... 680 Abstracts of Interest ...... 681 Membership Information ...... 682 In Memoriam ...... 691

Editorial Staff Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertising G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen 8. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill R. H. Small M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog J. Vanderkooy J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. V. White R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 30, Number 10.1982 October Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publ~shedbrmonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Aud~oEngineerrng Socrety, Edrtor~alOffrce, 60 East 42nd Street, NewYork, New York 10165-0075,USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355 VOLUME 30 NUMBER 10 1982 OCTOBER Second-class postage pa~d at Utrca, New York, USA The Audro Eng~neerrngSocrety rs not responsrble for statements made by ~tscontrrbutors PAPERS On the Magnitude and Audibility of FM Distortion in Loudspeakers Copyright ...... Roy Allison and Edgar Villchur 694 Copyright 63 1982 by the Audro Audio Signal Synthesis by Functions of Two Variables Engineer~ngSocrety, Inc It IS ...... Yasuhrro Mitsuhashi 701 perm~ttedto quote from this Journal wrth customary cred~tto the source M-S Stereo: A Powerful Technique for Working in Stereo ...... Wesley L. Dooley and Ronald D. Streicher 707 Copies Controlling Sound-Image Localization in Stereophonic Reproduction: II ...... Naraji Sakamoto, ~oshiyukiGotoh, Takuyo Kogure, lnd~vrdualreaders are perm~ttedto Masatoshi Shirnbo, and Almon H. Clegg 719 photocopy Isolated articles for research or other noncommercial use A copylng fee for post-1980 artrcles IS Included In the code at the bottom ENGINEERING REPORTS of the first page of each art~cleThis Ground-Plane Acoustic Measurement of Loudspeaker Systems fee should be paid to the Aud~o ...... Mark R. Gander 723 Eng~neer~ngSociety through the Copyr~ghtClearance Center, Inc , A Touch-Sensitive Keyboard for Electronic Music 21 Congress Street, Salem, ...... Gerald M. Shapiro and Bill Cullen 732 Massachusetts 01970, USA The same copyrng fee applres to I pre-1981 articles TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Photocopies of ~ndrv~dualart~cles Report of the Meeting of the Working Group on Input/Output Interfacing may be ordered from the AES (1982 June 3) ...... Alastair Heaslett 736 Headquarters offlce at $3 00 per art~cle

Back issues FEATURES Selected back Issues are ava~lableat Review of Society's Sustaining Members...... 738 $5.00 per copy For rnformatron, contact AES Headquarters off rce DEPARTMENTS Microfilm Upcoming Meetings...... 752 Copres of Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present edrt~or News of the Sections ...... 754 are ava~lableon m~crofilrnfrom Sound Track ...... 757 Un~versrtyM~crof~ims International, Available Literature...... 760 300 North Zeeb Road, New Products and Developments...... 762 Ann Arbor, M~ch~gan48106. USA Membership Information ...... 765 In Memoriam ...... 772 Reprints and Republication Multrple reproductron or republ~cat~or of any materral in th~sJournal requlre: the permlsslon of the Audro Editorial Staff Engrneering Soc~etyPerrnissron may Robert 0.Fehr Ed~tor also be requ~redfrom one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Ed~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Ed~tor authors lnqu~riesshould be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edltor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertlsing the AES Edltorral offlce G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Techn~calEd~tor

Advertising Review Board For inforrnat~onon Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen advert~sfngrates, deadlrnes, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Ed~tor~alofflce. R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill R. H. Small M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick I Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog J. Vanderkooy For rnformat~onon the presentat~on J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen I and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. V. White R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554). Volume 30, Number 11, 1982 November Publrshed monthly except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publrshed b~rnonthly,by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audro Engineer~ngSoclety, Ed~tor~alOffrce 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA Telephone 21 2-661 -2355 Second-class postage pard at Utica, New York, USA. VOLUME 30 NUMBER 11 1982 NOVEMBER The Audro Engrneer~ngSocrety 1s not respons~blefor statements made by rts contributors

Copyright PAPERS Copyr~ghtO 1982 by the Audro Phase Distortion and Phase Equalization in Audio Signal Processing- Engrneerrng Soclety, Inc It IS A Tutor~alRev~ew D Prels 774 perm~ttedto quote from thls Journal Low-Distortion Programmable Gain Cell Using Current-Steering Cascode with customary credit to the source Topology Malcolm John Hawksford 795 Direct Low-Frequency Driver Synthesis from System Specifications Copies D B Keele Jr 800 lndlvrdual readers are permrtted to The Laverne Terrace Low-Pass Filter Lee Powell 815 photocopy Isolated artrcles for research or other noncommercral use A copylng fee for post-1980 art~cles IS rncluded In the code at the bottom ENGINEERING REPORTS of the first page of each art~cleThrs Restoration of Nonlinearly Distorted Audio by Histogram Equalization fee should be pard to the Audro Eng~neer~ngSockety through the ...... Stanley A. White 828 Copyr~ghtClearance Center, Inc , 21 Congress Street, Salem Massachusetts 01970, USA STANDARDS The same copyrng fee applres to pre-1981 art~cles Standards News from JASA (Reprrnt JASA, Vol 72, pp 1083-1088, 1982 Photocopres of rndrv~dualarttcles September) 834 may be ordered from the AES Headquarters offlce at $3 00 per artrcle FEATURES Back Issues 1983 AES Sections Directory ...... Selected back issues are ava~lableat $5 00 per copy For rnformat~on, contact AES Headquarters offrce DEPARTMENTS Microfilm News of the Sect~ons 852 Cop~esof Volume 19, Number 1 Sound Track 854 (1971 January) to the present edlt~on Upcoming Meetings 854 are ava~lableon mrcrofrlm from New Products and Developments 855 Unlvers~tyMrcrof~lms Internatronal, Available Literature 858 300 North Zeeb Road, Abstracts of Interest 860 Ann Arbor, Mlchrgan 48106, USA Membership Information 861

Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduct~onor republrcatron of any materral In th~sJournal requlres the permlssron of the Audro Editorial Staff Englneerrng Soclety Permlssron may Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor authors lnqu~r~esshould be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Ed~tor/Advertlsing the AES Edrtorral offrce. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Edltor

Advertising Review Board For ~nformatronon Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen advertlsrng rates, deadlines, and W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder mechan~calrequirements, contact B. Blesser C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Edltor~alofflce R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill R. H. Small M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog J. Vanderkooy For rnformatron on the presentatron J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen and processtng of manuscrrpts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. V. Whiie rns~deback cover 8. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Sociefy (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 30, Number 12, 1982 December Publ~shedmonthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Aud~oEngineerlng Society, Edttor~alOff~ce, 60 East 42nd Street, VOLUME 30 NUMBER 12 1982 DECEMBER New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 212-661 -2355 Second-class postage pa~d President's Message ...... Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. 870 at Ut~ca,New York, USA The Audlo Eng~neeringSoclety PAPERS IS not responsible for statements The Design of Distributed Sound Systems from Uniformity of Coverage made by ~tscontributors and Other Sound-Field Considerations ...... Rex Sinclair 871 Low-Frequency Measurement of Loudspeakers by the Reciprocity Method Copyright ...... Josef Merhaut 882 Copyright O 1982 by the Aud~o A Multitrack Digital Audio Recorder for Consumer Applications Engineerlng Society, Inc It IS ...... W. J. van Gestel, L. M. H. E. Driessen, and J. C. F. Moeskops 889 permitted to quote from thls Journal Acoustic Radiation of a Horn Loudspeaker by the Finite Element Method- wlth customary cred~tto the source Acoustic Characteristics of a Horn Loudspeaker with an Elastic Diaphragm ...... Noboru Kyouno, Shinichi Sakai, Shigeru Morita, Copies Tatsuo Yamabuchi, and Yukio Kagawa 896 lnd~vidualreaders are perm~ttedto photocopy Isolated articles for ENGINEERING REPORTS research or other noncommercial use Transient-Response Equalization of Sealed-Box Loudspeakers A copylng fee for post-1980 articles ...... Victor Staggs 906 IS rncluded in the code at the bottom of the flrst page of each art~cleThis fee should be paid to the Audio LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Engrneer~ngSociety through the Comments on "Determination of Sliding Friction Between Stylus and Record Copyright Clearance Center, Inc , Groove" ...... D. A. Barlow 912 21 Congress Street, Salem, Author's Reply ...... R. P. Pardee 913 Massachusetts 01 970, USA The same copying fee appl~esto TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS pre-1981 articles Photocopres of ~ndividualart~cles A Review of Issues Related to the Choice of Sample Rates for Digital may be ordered from the AES Audio ...... J. J. Gibson 914 Headquarters off ice Appendix ...... J. J. Gibson and L. Schiff 920 at $3 00 per artlcle FEATURES Back Issues 72nd Convention Report ...... 926 Selected back issues are available at Exhibitors...... 936 $5.00 per copy. For information, Program ...... 940 contact AES Headquarters office. New AES Officers 1982/83 ...... 958

Microfilm DEPARTMENTS Coples of Volume 19, Number 1 Upcoming Meetings...... 960 (1971 January) to the present edrtion News of the Sections ...... 961 are available on mlcrof~lmfrom Un~versityMrcrofilms Internat~onal, Sound Track...... 964 300 North Zeeb Road, New Products and Developments...... 965 Ann Arbor, Michlgan 48106, USA Available Literature...... 967 Abstracts of Interest ...... 968 Reprints and Republication Membership Information ...... 969 Index to Volume 30...... 973 Multiple reproduction or republrcation of any material In this Journal requlres the permission of the Audlo Editorial Staff Eng~neeringSociety Permisston may Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEditor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors. inqulrles should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertlslng the AES Editorla1 offlce G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For ~nformatlonon Journal advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen M. R. Schroeder mechan~calrequirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz D. E. L. Shorter the Ed~tor~aloffice. C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill R. H. Small M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog J. Vanderkooy For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. V. White Inside back cover R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 31 Number 1/2 1983 January/February Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUOIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publrshed brmonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Engrneerlng Soclety, Edrtorial Offtce, 60 East 42nd Street, VOLUME 31 NUMBER 112 1983 JANUARYIFEBRUARY New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 212-661 -2355 Second-class postage pard PAPERS I at Utrca, New York, USA The Audro Engrneerrng Socrety A Family of Linear-Phase Crossover Networks of High Slope Derived by IS not responsrble for statements Time Delay ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz and John Vanderkooy 2 made by rts contributors ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright I Phase Error in Tape Cartridges for Radio Broadcast Service Copyrrght O 1983 by the Audro A H Mor~sand J T Mullrn 21 Englneerrng Socrety, Inc It 1s Graphic Equalizer with Microprocessor permitted to quote from this Journal Susurnu taka hash^, H~rorn~Karneda, Yuzuru Tanaka, wlth customary credrt to the source Harurn~tsuM~yazak~ Tadaak~ Ch~kash~ge and Masanobu Furukawa 25 Transformations of the Energy Sphere Martin E G Wrllcocks 29 I Copies lndtvrdual readers are permitted to TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS photocopy rsolated artrcles for research or other noncommerc~aluse Report of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1982 Permrssron to photocopy for rnternal or October 22) ...... Bart N. Locanthi 37 personal use, orthe Internal orpersonal Report of the Meeting of the Working Group on Input/Output Interfacing use of spec~frccllents, IS granted by the (1982 October 21) ...... Alastair Heaslett 39 Audro Engrneering Socrety to lrbrarres Report of the Meeting of the Working Group on Digital Measurement and other users registered wrth the Techniques (1982 October 21)...... Roger Lagadec 40 Copyrrght Clearance Center (CCC), Report of the Meeting of theTechnica1 Committee on Sound-Reinforcement provrded that the base fee of $1 00 per Components (1982 October 27) ...... Clifford A. Henricksen 40 copy plus $0 50 per page IS pard Report of the Meeting of the Working Group on Plane-Wave Tube Design drrectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem Massachusetts 01970, USA and Practice (1982 October 25) ...... Clifford A. Henricksen 41 0004-7554/83 $1 00 + 50 STANDARDS Photocopres of lndlvrdual artrcles may be ordered from the AES Standards News from JASA (Reprrnt, JASA, Vol 72 pp 1652-1656, 1982 Headquarters off ice November) 42 at $3 00 per artrcle FEATURES 73rd Convention Preview ...... 50 Selected back Issues are avarlable at $5 00 per copy For ~nformatron, Exhibitors ...... 51 contact AES Headquarters office Previews ...... 52

I Micrafilm DEPARTMENTS Coples of Volume 19, Number 1 News of the Sections ...... 82 (1971 January) to the present edrtron Sound Track ...... 86 are avarlable on rnrcrofrlm from Available Literature...... 88 Un~versrtyMrcrof~lms International. Abstracts of Interest ...... 90 300 North Zeeb Road Upcoming Meetings ...... 90 Ann Arbor, M~ch~gan48106 USA Membership Information ...... 91 In Memoriam ...... 95 Reprints and Republication Multrple reproduction or republrcatron of any material rn thrs Journal requrres the permission of the Audlo Editorial Staff Engrneerrng Soclety Permrsslon may Robert 0.Fehr Ed~tor also be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managrng Ed~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Edrtor authors lnqurries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Product~onEdtorIAdvert~s~ng the AES Edrtorral office G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechn~cal Ed~tor

Advertising Review Board For rnformat~onon Journal advertrsrng rates, deadlrnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen mechan~calrequrrements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder the Edrtorral off rce C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For rnforrnatron on the presentatlon J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processrng of manuscrrpts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen ~ns~deback cover R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554),Volume 31, Number 3, 1983 March. Published monthly, except January1 February and JulyIAugust when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Eng~neeringSociety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075,USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355. VOLUME 31 NUMBER 3 1983 MARCH Second-class postage paid at Utica, New York, USA. The Audio Engineering Soclety PAPERS is not responstble for statements made by its contributors. A 20 dB Audio Noise Reduction System for Consumer Applications ...... Ray Dolby 98 Copyright Phase lntermodulation Distortion Instrumentation and Measurements Copyright O 1983 by the Audio ...... Robert R. Cordell 114 Engineering Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS

Copies Electronic Equalization of Closed-Box Loudspeakers Individual readers are permitted to ...... R. A. Greiner and Michael Schoessow 125 photocopy isolated articles for Mathematical Analysis of a Pulse-Width-Modulation Digital-to-Analog research or other noncommercial use. Converter...... Yasuhiro Mitsuhashi 135 Permission to photocopy for internal or A Versatile Delay Unit with CCDs...... Johan A. M. Catrysse 139 personal use, or the internal or personal Anomalies in the Frequency-Length Functions in Violin Strings use of specific clients, is granted by the ...... Norman C. Pickering 145 Audio Eng~neeringSociety to libraries and other users registered with the Copyrtght Clearance Center (CCC), LETTERS TO THE EDITOR provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per copy plus $0.50 per page is paid Comments on "A New Criterion for the Distribution of Normal Room directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Modes" ...... Oscar J. Bonello and Jose Maria Cuchian 151 Salem, Massachusetts 01 970,USA. 0004-75541'83 $1 .OO + .SO Photocopies of individual articles STANDARDS may be ordered from the AES Headquarters office Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 73, pp. 385-388, 1983 at $3.00 per article. January)...... 152 Back Issues Selected back issues are available at DEPARTMENTS $5.00per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters offce. Review of Acoustical Patents...... 158 News of the Sections ...... 164 Microfilm Sound Track...... 170 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 New Products and Developments ...... 173 (1971 January) to the present edition Available Literature...... 177 are available on microfilm from Abstracts of Interest ...... 180 University Microfilms International, Upcoming Meetings...... 180 300 North Zeeb Road. Membership Information...... 181 In Memoriam ...... 189 Audio Engineering Society Bylaws ...... 190 Membership Form...... 194

Editorial Staff

Robert 0.Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor'Advertising G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For Information on the presentation J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. 6. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 31, Number 4, 1983 Aprll. Published monthly, except January1 February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publ~shedbimonthly, by the Audio Englneering Soc~ety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355. VOLUME 31 NUMBER 4 1983 APRIL Second-class postage pald at Utica, New York, USA. The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements PAPERS made by its contr~butors. Time-Frequency Distributions of Loudspeakers: The Application of the Copyright Wigner Distribution ...... Cornelis P. Janse and Arie J. M. Kaizer 198 Channel Codings for Digital Audio Recordings ...... Toshi T. Doi 224 Copyright O 1983 by the Audio Englneering Soc~ety,Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal ENGINEERING REPORTS with customary credit to the source. The Loudspeaker and Control Room as a Wholly Integrated System ...... Milton T. Putnam 239 Copies A New Method of Reducing Direct-Drive Motor Vibration in Turntables Individual readers are permttted to ...... Yasuhiro Fujimoto, Masao Suzuki, Kazuyuki Fujio, photocopy isolated articles for research or other noncommercial use. Katsumi Sasamoto, and Yuji Satoh 246 Permlss~onto photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or persona COMMUNICATIONS use of specific clients, is granted by the Stephan 253 Audio Engineering Soclety to libraries Hybrid RlAA Equalization Circuit ...... J. G. Gift and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), LETTERS TO THE EDITOR provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per Reynold Weidenaar 256 copy plus $0.50 per page IS paid Request for Information...... directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Correction to "The Design of Distributed Sound Systems for Uniformity Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. of Coverage and Other Sound-Field Considerations"...... Rex Sinclair 256 0004-7554183 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual articles FEATURES may be ordered from the AES Headquarters office Electrical Reproduction of Acoustically Recorded Cylinders and Disks at $3 00 per article ...... Tom Owen 266

Back issues DEPARTMENTS Selected back issues are available at Review of Acoustical Patents...... $5.00 per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters offrce. News of the Sections ...... Sound Track...... Microfilm Upcoming Meetings...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 New Products and Developments ...... (1971 January) to the present ed~tion Available Literature...... are available on microfilm from Membershiplnformation ...... University Microfilms International, Call for Papers-74th Convention, New York City, 1983...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Mahlon D. Burkhard Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Communicating Through Poster Sessions ...... Information for Authors of Convention Papers ...... Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication of any material In this Journal requires the permission of the Audio Editorial Staff Englneering Soc~ety.Permlsslon may 0. Editor also be requ~redfrom one of the Robert Fehr authors. lnqulries should be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor the AES Editorial office. lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production EditorIAdvertising G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal advert~singrates, deadhnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder the Editorial off ~ce. C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Reckliraghausen W. A. Greiner J. H. Ksgen D. Preis J. \I. White JOURNAL OF THE AUOIO ENGINEERIMG SOCIETY

Second-class postage paid at Utlca, New York, USA. VOLUME 31 NUMBER 5 1983 MAY The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. PAPERS

Copyright Amplitude and Phase of lntermodulation Distortion.. . Edward M. Cherry 298 Copyright O 1983 by the Audlo Off-Axis Performance of Multiple Loudspeakers Eng~neeringSociety, tnc. It is ...... Rex Sinclair and Ted Uzzle 305 permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source.

Copies ENGINEERING REPORTS Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for A New Technique for Minimizing Distortion ...... Douglas R. Frey 320 research or other noncommerc~aluse. Direct AM Stereo Detection by a PLL Synthesized Synchronous Carrier Permission to photocopy for internal or Generator...... Susurnu Takahashi and Hiroshi lida 326 personal use, or the internal or persow The Twin-Tone Distortion Meter: A New Approach ...... Han Roering 332 use of specific clients, is granted by the Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users registered with the Copyr~ghtClearance Center (CCC), STANDARDS provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per copy plus $0.50 per page is paid Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 73, pp. 1082-1 085, 1983 dlrectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, March) ...... 341 Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. 0004-7554183 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of indivrdual articles may be ordered from the AES FEATURES Headquarters office at $3.00 per article. 73rd Convention Report...... 346 Exhibitors ...... 356 Back Issues Program ...... 360 Selected back Issues are available at $5.00 per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters off ice. DEPARTMENTS

Upcoming Meetings...... 358 News of the Sections...... 371 Sound Track...... 376 New Products and Developments...... 378 Available Literature...... 383 Membership Information...... 385 Membership Form...... 390

Editorial Staff

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calarnusa Production EditoriAdvertising G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen 6. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood 6. Locanthi R. 6. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO------ENGINEERING- - - - SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS

New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 31 NUMBER 6 1983 JUNE Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid PAPERS at Utlca, New York, USA. Design Aspects of Graphic Equalizers The Audio Englneering Society ...... R. A. Greiner and Fdichael Schoessow 394 IS not responsible for statements Improvements in Monitor Loudspeaker Systems made by ~tscontributors ...... David Smith, D. B. Keele, Jr., and John Eargle 408 ENGINEERING REPORTS Copy right ...... Georgi Penkov 423 Copyright O 1983 by the ALI~IO Power and Real Signals in an Audio System Engineering Society, lnc. It is A High-Efficiency Audio Power Amplifier permitted to quote from this Journal ...... Harushige Nakagaki, Nobutaka Amada, and Shigeki lnoue 430 wtth customary credlt to the source. Acoustic Scaling in the Design of Sound Control Rooms ...... Juhani Borenius and Urpo Pakarinen 437

Copies COMMUNICATIONS Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated artlcles for Measurement of Nonlinear Distortion in a Band-Limited System research or other noncommerc~aluse. (Reprint)...... A. N. Thiele 443 Permission to photocopy for internal or LETTERS TO THE EDITOR personal use, or the internal or persona use of speciflc clients, is granted by the Comments on "Musical Sound Synthesis by Forward Differences" Audro Englneering Soclety to librarres ...... Roberto Cerruti and Giorgio Rodeghiero 446 and other users registered with the Author's Reply ...... \/asuhiro Mitsuhashi 446 Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), Comments on "On the Audibility of Midrange Phase Distortion in Audio provided that the base fee of $1.00 per Systems"...... Daniel Shanefield 447 copy plus $0.50 per page is paid Authors' Reply ...... S. P. Lipshitz, M. Pocock, and J. Vanderkooy 447 dlrectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Graphic Method of Investigation of the Surround and Voice-Coil Influence Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. on Vibration of Loudspeaker Cones ...... Andrzej Dobrucki 448 0004-7554183 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of rndividual articles CORRECTION may be ordered from the AES Correction to "Electrical Reproduction of Acoustically Recorded Cylinders Headquarters office ...... Tom Owen 450 at $3.00 per article. and Disks" STANDARDS Back Issues Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 73, pp. 1877-1879, 1983 Selected back Issues are available at May) ...... 451 $5.00 per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters offlce. FEATURES Midwest Acoustics Conference (MAC 83)...... 455 Microfilm Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 DEPARTMENTS (1971 January) to the present edltlon News of the Sections...... 458 are available on microfilm from Upcoming Meetings...... 462 University Microfilms International, Sound Track...... 464 300 North Zeeb Road, ...... Ann Arbor, Mlchlgan 48106, USA. New Products and Developments.. 466 Available Literature...... 469 Membership Information ...... 471 In Memoriam ...... 476

the perm~ssionof the Audio Editorial Staff Engineering Society. Permission may Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be required from one of the authors. lnquir~esshould be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor the AES Editorial office. lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production EditorIAdvertising G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For lnformatlon on Journal advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen mechan~calrequirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder the Editorial offrce. C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. 6. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holrnan J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Co~per J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For information on the presentatron J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. 6.Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen lns~deback cover. 8. A. Greiner 4. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 31, Number 718, 1983 JulylAugust. Published monthly, except January1 February and July/August when AUDIO------ENGINEERING------SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Aud~oEngineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355. VOLUME 31 NUMBER 718 1983 JULYIAUGUST Second-class postage paid at Utica, New York, USA. PAPERS The Audio Engineering Society An Efficient Algorithm for Measuring the Impulse Response Using is not respons~blefor statements made by its contributors. Pseudorandom Noise ...... Jeffrey Borish and James B. Angell 478 Satisfying Loudspeaker Crossover Constraints with Conventional Copyright Networks-Old and New Designs...... Robert M. Bullock, 111 489 Copyright O 1983 by the Audio Delta Stereophony-A Sound System with True Direction and Distance Engineering Society, Inc. R is Perception for Large Multipurpose Halls...... Gerhard Steinke 500 permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS

Copies Dynamic Distortion Measurements of Tape Recorders and Electroacoustic lndivrdual readers are permitted to Transducers...... P. Skritek 512 photocopy isolated articles for A New Approach to High-Speed Digital Signal Processing Based on research or other noncommercial use. Microprogramming Permission to photocopy for internal or ...... K. Sekiguchi, K. Ishizaka, T. K. Matsudaira, and N. Nakajima 517 personal use, or the internal or personal LSls For Digital Signal Processing Based on a PCM Standard Format use of specific clients, is granted by the ...... Yutaka Hirota, Takanori Seno, Takashi Eguchi, Nobuyasu Takeguchi, Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users registered with the Kazuo Nomura, Keiichi Kameda, Shigeru Hagihara, and Hiromu Niwa 523 Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS copy plus $0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Report of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. (1983 March 13) ...... Bart Locanthi 538 0004-7554183 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual articles FEATURES may be ordered from the AES Headwarters office 74th Convention Preview...... 544 at $3.00 per article. Exhibitors ...... 545 Previews ...... 546 Back Issues Selected back issues are available at DEPARTMENTS $5.00 per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters office. News of the Sections...... Upcoming Meetings...... Microfilm Sound Track...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Available Literature...... (1971 January) to the present edition Abstracts of Interest ...... are available on microfilm from Membership Information ...... University Microfilms International, AES Annual Report...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Call for Papers-75th Convention, Paris, 1984......

Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in this Journal requlres Editorial Staff the permission of the Audio Engineering Society Perm~ssionmay Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors. Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor the AES Editorial office. Michael J. Ricca Production Editor G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder the Edttorial office. C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For information. on the presentation J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 31, Number 9, 1983 September. Published monthly, except January) February and JulyiAugust when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIEIV published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid VOLUME 31 NUMBER 9 1983 SEPTEMBER at Ut~ca,New York, USA. The Audlo Engineering Soc~ety INTRODUCTION IS not responsible for statements made by its contributors. Auditory Illusions and Audio...... Diana Deutsch 606

Copyright PAPERS Copyright D 1983 by the Audio Auditory Illusions, Handedness, and the Spatial Environment Engineering Society, Inc. it IS ...... Diana Deutsch 607 permitted to quote from thls Journal with customary credit to the source. Auditory Illusions and Their Relation to Mechanisms Normally Enhancing Accuracy of Perception ...... Richard M. Warren 623 Copies Pitch Segregation by lnteraural Phase, by Momentary Amplitude Disparity, lndiv~dualreaders are permitted to and by Monaural Phase...... Michael Kubovy and Jane E. Daniel 630 photocopy isolated articles for Demonstrations of Circular Components of Pitch.. ... Roger N. Shepard 641 research or other noncommercial use. Influence of Posture on the Spatial Localization of Sound Permission to photocopy for internal or ...... James R. Lackner 650 personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users registered with the STANDARDS Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1 '00 per Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 74(1), pp. 374-378, 1983 copy plus $0.50 per page is paid July) ...... 662 directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. 0004-7554183 $1 .OO .50 + FEATURES Photocopies of individual articles may be ordered from the AES Electrical Reproduction of Acoustically Recorded Cylinders and Disks, Headquarters off lce Part 2...... John C. Fesler 674 at $3.00 per article.

Back Issues Selected back Issues are available at DEPARTMENTS $5.00 per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters office. Review of Acoustical Patents...... Sound Track...... Microfilm News of the Sections...... New Products and Developments...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present editron Upcoming Meetings...... are available on microfilm from Available Literature...... Univers~tyMicrofilms international, Abstracts of Interest ...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Membership lnformation ...... Ann Arbor, M~chigan481 06, USA Membership Application Form ...... Reprints and Republication Mult~plereproduction or republication of any material in thls Journal requires the permission of the Audio Editoriai Staff Engineer~ngSociety Perm~ssionmay also be required from one of the Robert 0. Fehr Editor authors lnquir~esshould be sent to Patricia M. Macdonaid Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor the AES Editorial office lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Techn~calEditor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder the Editorial office. C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood 8. Locanthi R. B. Schuiein R. C. Cabot T. Hoiman J. F. McGiil D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For lnformation on the presentatlon J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Muliin D. R. von Recklinghausen ~ns~deback cover. R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 31 NUMBER 10 1983 OCTOBER

Tone-Arm Outrigger Damping Devices ...... James M. Kates 714 Glass-Fiber and Graphite-Flake Reinforced Polyimide Composite Diaphragm for Loudspeakers ...... Susumu Takahashi, Tomomi Katoh, Sadao Taguchi, and Toshio Watanabe 723 Recording with Feedback-Controlled Effective Bias ...... J~rgen Selmer Jensen 729 Acoustical and Electrical Interaction in Multidriver Arrays ...... R. A. Greiner and Mark Allie 737 Fuzzy Distortion in Analog Amplifiers: A Limit to lnformation Transmission? ...... M. J. Hawksford 745

ENGINEERING REPORTS Computer-Based Signal Processing for Audio Electronic Performance Measurements ...... Robert A. Finger 755

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Phase Reference in HRTF Calculation ...... Duane H. Cooper 760

Review of Society's Sustaining Members ...... 768

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 761 News of the Sections ...... 789 Sound Track ...... 791 Upcoming Meetings ...... 792 New Products and Developments ...... 794 Available Literature ...... 798 Abstracts of Interest ...... 800 Membership Information ...... 801 In Memoriam ...... 805 Membership Application Form ...... 806

Editorial Staff

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen M. R. Schroeder R. B. Schulein J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small E. L. Torick J. Vanderkooy D. R. von Recklinghausen J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 31, Number 11, 1983 November. Published monthly, except January) February and July,August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audio Englneerrng Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 31 NUMBER 11 1983 NOVEMBER Telephone 21 2-661-2355 Second-class postage paid PAPERS at Utica, New York, USA. A New Radio Broadcast Cartridge Capable of Professional Open-Reel The Audlo Engineering Society Performance ...... A. H. Moris 810 IS not responsible for statements made by its contributors Electrical Analogs for Membranes with Application to Earphones ...... C. A. Poldy 817 Copyright The Manifold Joys of Conformal Mapping: Applications to Digital Filtering Copyrlght G 1983 by the 4ud1o in the Studio ...... James A. Moorer 826 Engfneer~ngSoc~ety, Inc. It is permitted to quote from thfs Journal ENGINEERING REPORTS with customary credit to the source. Design Parameters Important for Optimization of Very High-Fidelity PWM Copies (Class D) Audio Amplifiers ...... Brian E. Attwood 842 Individual readers are permitted to photocopy Isolated articles for COMMUNICATIONS research or other noncommercial use. Further Thoughts on "Feedback, Sensitivity, and Stability of Audio Power Perm~sslonto photocopy for Internal or Amplifiers" ...... Edward M. Cherry 854 personal use, or the Internal or personal use of speclflc clients, is granted by the Distortion in Class AB Power Amplifiers ...... Terje Sandstrom 858 Audlo Englneerlng Society to llbrarles and other users registered w~ththe LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Copyrlght Clearance Center (CCC), prov~dedthat the base fee of $1 .OO per Comments on "Electronic Equalization of Closed-Box Loudspeakers" copy plus $0.50 per page is pald ...... Carsten Gross 862 dlrectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Comments on "Graphic Method of Investigation of the Surround Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. and Voice-Coil Influence on Vibration of Loudspeaker Cones" 0004-7554'83 $1.00 + 50 ...... Hideo Suzuki 863 Photocopies of rndlv~dualartlcles may be ordered from the AES Headquarters off Ice FEATURES at $3 00 per article Restoration of Kinetophone Sound Motion Pictures ...... Arthur Shifrin 874 Back Issues STANDARDS Selected back tssues are available at $5.00 per copy For lnformatlon, Standards News from JASA (Reprint. JASA, Vol. 74(3), pp. 1086-1 091.1983 contact AES Headquarters office September) ...... 864

Microfilm DEPARTMENTS Cop~esof Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present edttron Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 870 are available on m~crof~lmfrom Sound Track ...... 891 Unwersrty Microf~lmsInternational, News of the Sections ...... 894 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michrgan 48106, USA New Products and Developments ...... 898 Upcoming Meetings ...... 900 Reprints and Republication Available Literature ...... 901 Membership Information ...... 902 Mutt~plereproduction or republication of any materral rn th~sJournal requlres the permission of the Audio Editorial Staff Engineering Society Permission may 0. Ed~tor also be required from one of the Robert Fehr Managing Ed~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senor Ed~tor authors. tnqulries should be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Copy Ed~tor Michael J. Ricca Production Ed~tor the AES Ed~torlalofflce lngeborg M. Stochmal G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Ed~tor

Advertising Review Board For lnformatlon on Journal advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder the Editorla1 offlce C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. 8. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. 6. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 31, Number 12, 1983 December. Published monthly, except January; February and July~Augustwhen AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 31 NUMBER 12 1983 DECEMBER Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid President's Message ...... Raymond E. Cooke 906 at Utica, New York, USA. The Audro Engineering Soclety PAPERS is not responsible for statements Amplitude and Phase Measurements of Vibrations of Radiating Surfaces made by its contributors. in Order to Determine the Emitted Sound Field ...... A. M. Bruneau 907 Some Factors Affecting the Performance of Airline Entertainment Head- Copyright sets ...... Samuel Gilman 914 Copyright C 1983 by the Audio A New Tape Transport System with Digital Control Engineering Society, Inc. It is ...... Oscar Juan Bonello 921 permrtted to quote from this Journal with customaty credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS Optimum Loudspeaker Placement Near Reflecting Planes Copies ...... K. 0. Ballagh 931 Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for COMMUNICATIONS research or other noncommercial use. A Note on "An Amplifier Input Stage Design Criterion for the Suppression Permission to photocopy for internal or of Dynamic Distortion" ...... Stephan J. G. Gift 936 personal use, or the internal or persona Author's Comments ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 936 use of specific clients, is granted by the Audio Engineering Society to libraries LETTERS TO THE EDITOR and other users registered with the More Comments on "On the Audibility of Midrange Phase Distortion in Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), ...... provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per Audio Systems" James Moir 939 copy plus $0.50 per page is paid Comments on "Channel Codings for Digital Audio Recordings" directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, ...... Kees A. Schouhamer lmmink 939 Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. Author's Reply ...... Toshi T. Doi 940 0004-7554/'83 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual articles FEATURES may be ordered from the AES 74th Convention Report ...... 946 Headquarters off rce Exhibitors ...... 954 at $3.00 per article. Program ...... 956 Theater Quality Evaluation Program Back Issues ...... Kenneth M. Mason and John P. Pytlak 976 Selected back issues are available at Newly Elected AES Officers 1983184 ...... 981 - $5.00 per copy; special issues $10.00. For information, contact 1984 AES Sections Directory ...... 985 AES Headquarters office. DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents ...... Microfilm Upcoming Meetings ...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 ...... (1971 January) to the present edition News of the Sections are available on microfilm from Sound Track ...... University Microfilms International, New Products and Developments ...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Available Literature ...... Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Membership Information ...... In Memoriam ...... Reprints and Republication Index to Volume 31 ...... Mult~plereproductton or republicatron of any material in this Journal requires Editorial Staff the permlssron of the Audro Engineering Soclety Permission may Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be requ~redfrom one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochrnal Copy Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor the AES Edrtortal office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge S. P. Lipshitz M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood B. Locanthi R. B. Schulein the Editorial office R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. F. McGill D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper J. M. Kates R. A. Moog E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. 6. Gardner P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin D. R, von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554),Volume 32, Number li2, 1984 JanuarylFebruary. Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and JulyiAugust when AUD10 ENGINEERING SOCIETY published brmonthly, by the Audro Engrneerrng Socrety, AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 101 65-0075,USA, VOLUME 32 NUMBER 112 1984 JANUARYIFEBRUARY Telephone 21 2-661-2355 PAPERS Second-class postage pard at Utrca, New York, USA. A MOSFET Power Amplifier with Error Correction ... Robert R. Cordell 2 The Audro Engrneerrng Socrety Extended Low-Frequency Performance of Existing Loudspeaker Systems IS not responsrble for statements ...... R. Normandin 18 made by rts contrrbutors ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright Determining the Acoustic Position for Proper Phase Response Copyrrght (c) 1984 by the Audro of Transducers ...... Richard C. Heyser 23 Engrneering Soc~ety,Inc. It is Restoration of Nonlinearly Distorted Magnetic Recordings permitted to quote from thrs Journal with customary credrt to the source ...... D. Preis and H. Polchlopek 26 Optimization of the Amplified-Diode Bias Circuit for Audio Amplifiers Copies ...... M. J. Hawksford 31 lndlvrdual readers are permrtted to TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS photocopy rsolated artrcles for research or other noncommercral use Report of the Meeting of the Technical Committee Permrss~onto photocopy for internal or on Sound-Reinforcement Components (1983 October 11) personal use, or the rnternal or personal ...... Clifford A. Henricksen 34 use of specrfrc clrents, IS granted by the Audio Engrneertng Socrety to lrbrsr~es Report of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee and other users regrstered wrih the (1983 October 7) ...... Bart Locanthi 34 Copyrrght Clearance Center (CCC), provrded that the base fee of $1 00 per STANDARDS copy plus $0 50 per page IS paid Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 74(5), pp. 1654-1 658, drrectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970,USA 1983 November) ...... 38 0004-7554184$1 OOi 50 FEATURES Photocopres of rnd~vidualartrcles may be ordered from the AES 75th Convention Preview ...... 52 Headquarters offlce Exhibitors ...... 53 at $3 00 per artrcle Previews ...... 54

Back Issues DEPARTMENTS Selected back rssues are avarlable at Review ot Acoustical Patents ...... $5.00 per copy; special rssues $10 00 Second International Conference: For rnformat~on,contact AES Headquarters offrce The Art and Technology of Recording ...... News of the Sections ...... Microfilm Sound Track ...... Copies of Volume 19,Number 1 Upcoming Meetings ...... (1971 January) to the present editron Available Literature ...... are available on mrcrof~lmfrom Abstracts of Interest ...... Unrversrty Mrcrof~lmsInternatronal, Membership lnformation ...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Mrchtgan 48106,USA. In Memoriam ...... Call for Papers-Australian Regional Convention ...... Reprints and Republication lnformation for Authors of Convention Papers ...... Multrple reproduct~onor republrcatron Membership Application Form ...... of any materral in this Journal requrres Editorial Staff the permission of the Audro Engrneerrng Socrety. Permrssron may Robert 0.Fehr Editor also be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Sentor Editor authors. lnqurrres should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor the AES Edrtorral office G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechnical Ed~tor

Advertising Review Board For rnformation on Jaurnal S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertrsrng rates, deadlrnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanrcal requirements, contact B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge R. B. Schulein the Edrtorial offrce C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For rnformatron on the presentatron J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processrng of manuscrrpts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen imde back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach. Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 32, Number 3, 1984 March. Published monthly, except January; February and JulyiAugust when published bimonthly, by the AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIEIY Audio Engineering Society, AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 32 NUMBER 3 1984 MARCH Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid PAPERS at Utica, New York, USA. The Audio Engineering Society Resolution Below the Least Significant Bit in Digital Systems with Dither is not responsible for statements ...... John Vanderkooy and Stanley P. Lipshitz 106 made by its contributors. Random-Access Editing of Digital Audio ...... Robert B. lngebretsen and Thomas G. Stockham. Jr. 114 Copyright A Hi-Fi Moving-Magnet Cartridge Using Recent Technology Copyright 0 1984 by the Audio ...... Shuichi Obata, Masashi Itoh, and Koichi Azuma 123 Engineering Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS

Copies Time Correction of Anti-Aliasing Filters Used in Digital Audio Systems John Meyer Individual readers are permitted to ...... 132 photocopy isolated articles for Vertical Modulation Angles of Commercial Stereo Phonograph Records research or other noncommercial use ...... Alan P. Woodard 138 Permission to photocopy for internal or Squealer-Killer with Real-Time Equalization ...... J. Rodney Cox 144 persona! use, or the internal or persona! use of specific clients, is granted by the Audio Engineering Society to libraries CORRECTION and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), Correction to "Some Factors Affecting the Performance of Airline provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per Entertainment Headsets" ...... 150 copy plus $0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. STANDARDS 0004-7554184 $1 .OO+ .50 Standards News from JASA (Reprint. JASA, Vol. 75(1), pp. 296-298, 1984 Photocopies of individual January) ...... 151 articles may be ordered from the AES Headquarters office at $3.00 per article. FEATURES

Back Issues 2nd AES Conference: The Art and Technology of Recording, Selected back issues are available Preliminary Program ...... 158 at $5.00 per copy; special -And the Music Went Round and Round on Rolls, Disks, or Reels ... , issues $10.00. For information, Part 1 ...... C. G. Nijsen 162 contact AES Headquarters office.

Microfilm DEPARTMENTS Copies of Volume 19, Number I Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 154 (1971 January) to the present edition are available on microfilm from News of the Sections ...... 179 University Microfilms International, Sound Track ...... 184 300 North Zeeb Road, Upcoming Meetings ...... 184 Ann Arbor, Michigan 481 06, USA. New Products and Developments ...... 186 Available Literature ...... 188 Reprints and Republication Membership Information ...... 189 Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in th~sJournal requires Editorial Staff the permission of the Audio Engineering Society. Permission may Robert 0.Fehr Ed~tor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEditor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors. Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor the AES Editoriai office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechnical Editor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal advertising rates, deadlines. and L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen B. Blesser mechanical requirements, contact W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood the Editorial office. J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Sociefy (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 32, Number 4, 1984 April. Published monthly, except January] February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 32 NUMBER 4 1984 APRIL Telephone 21 2-661-2355 Second-class postage paid PAPERS at Uttca, New York, USA. The Audro Engineering Society Progress in Architectural Acoustics and Artificial Reverberation: Concert 1s not responsible for statements Hall Acoustics and Number Theory ...... Manfred R. Schroeder 194 made by its contributors An Accurate and Easily Implemented Method of Modeling Loudspeaker Array Coverage ...... John R. Prohs and David E. Harris 204 Copyright Acoustic Field in an Enclosure and Its Effect on Sound-Pressure Copyright C 1984 by the Audio Engineerrng Soclety, Inc It 1s Responses of a Loudspeaker permitted to quote from thls Journal ...... Shinichi Sakai, Yukio Kagawa, and Tatsuo Yamabuchi 218 with customary credit to the source The Reflection Phase Grating Diffusor: Design Theory and Application ...... Peter D'Antonio and John H. Konnert 228 Copies lndiv~dualreaders are permitted to ENGINEERING REPORTS photocopy isolated articles for Distortion in Positive- and Negative-Feedback Filters research or other noncommercial use ...... Oscar Juan Bonello 239 Permlss~onto photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Distortions of a Loudspeaker use of specif~ccl~ents, is granted by the ...... Hideo Suzuki and Shigenori Shibata 246 Aud~oEngineering Soctety to ltbraries and other users registered with the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1 00 per Comments on "Off-Axis Performance of Multiple Loudspeakers" copy plus $0.50 per page IS pard ...... Don Davis 254 d~rectlyto CCC, 21 Congress Street, Authors' Reply ...... Rex Sinclair and Ted Uzzle 254 Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA

0004-7554184 $1 .OO 7 50 CORRECTION Photocopies of indiv~dual articles may be ordered from Correction to "Fuzzy Distortion in Analog Amplifiers: A Limit the AES Headquarters office to Information Transmission?" ...... M. J. Hawksford 254 at $3 00 per artlcle FEATURES Back Issues -And the Music Went Round and Round on Rolls, Disks, or Reels .... Selected back issues are ava~lable Part 2 ...... C. G. Nijsen 262 at $5.00 per copy; special 274 lssues $1 0 00. For information, Updates and Additions to 1984 AES International Sections Directory .... contact AES Headquarters office. DEPARTMENTS Microfilm Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 255 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 News of the Sections ...... 275 (1971 January) to the present edit~on Upcoming Meetings ...... 276 are available on microfilm from Sound Track ...... 277 Univers~tyMicrofilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, New Products and Developments ...... 278 Ann Arbor, M~chigan48106, USA. Available Literature ...... 282 Membership Information ...... 284 Reprints and Republication Audio Engineering Society Bylaws ...... 289 Multiple reproductton or republication of any material In th~sJournal requires Editorial Staff the permrssion of the Audio Engineering Society. Permiss~onmay Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor authors Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor the AES Editorial office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Edtor

1 Advertising Review Board I For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadl~nes,and 1 8. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Edttorial office R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen rnstde back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO------ENGINEERING------SOCIETY- - AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 32 NUMBER 5 1984 MAY

PAPERS

Computer Simulation of Loudspeaker Directivity ..... David G. Meyer 294 Dynamic Range Control of Digital Audio Signals ...... G. V\! McNally 31 6 Development of a Pickup Cartridge ...... Villy Hansen 328

ENGINEERING REPORTS

Low-Frequency Sound Reproduction ...... Mark E. Engebretson 340 Comparison of Real-Time Analysis and Time-Delay Spectrometry at Two Sound-Reinforcement Projects ...... David Moore, Herb Chaudiere, and Bernie Cahill 347

STANDARDS

Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 75(3), pp. 1021-1 026, 1984 March) ...... 352

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents ...... News of the Sections ...... Upcoming Meetings ...... Sound Track ...... New Products and Developments ...... Available Literature ...... Membership Information ...... Call For Papers-76th Convention, New York City, 1984 ......

Editorial Staff

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editcr Michael J. Ricca Production Editor G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon B. R. von Recklinghausen R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 32 NUMBER 6 1984 JUNE

PAPERS Efficient Editing of Digital Sound on Disk ...... Curtis Abbott 394 FM Direct Stereo Decoder ...... Kohji lshida and Tatsuo Numata 403 Measurement and Prediction of the Timbre of Sound Reproduction ...... Henrik Staffeldt 41 0

ENGINEERING REPORTS Fully Balanced Bridge Amplifier ...... Susumu Takahashi and Susumu Tanaka 41 5 The Church That Rocks and Rolls ...... Glenn E. Meeks 422 A Topology to Linearize Miller-Effect Compensated Amplifiers ...... Steven J. Gunderson 430

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Correction to "Phase lntermodulation Distortion-Instrumentation and Measurements" ...... R. R. Cordell 435

FEATURES 1st Australian Regional Convention Preview ...... 442 75th Convention Report ...... 444 Exh~b~tors. ~ ...... 454 Program ...... 457 International Sections Meeting ...... 470

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 436 News of the Sections ...... 474 Sound Track ...... 476 Upcoming Meetings ...... 476 New Products and Developments ...... 477 Available Literature ...... 480 Abstracts of Interest ...... 481 AES News ...... 482 Membership Information ...... 484

Editorial Staff

Robert 0. Fehr Ed~tor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen 6. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. 6. Schulein R. C. Cabot 9: Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy M. 6. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE

Published monthly, except-~anuaryl February and July/August when published bimonthly, by the AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Aud~oEngineering Society, AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 32 NUMBER 718 1984 JULYIAUGUST Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage pa~d PAPERS at New York, New York, and at Direction-Sensitive Gating: A New Approach to Automatic Mixing add~tionalma~ling offce...... :...... Stephen Julstrom and Thomas Tichy 490 Postmaster: Send address corrections tc A Microphone Technique Applying the Principle of Second-Order- Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York Gradient Unidirectionality ...... Wieslaw R. Woszczyk 507 10165-0075. The Audio Eng~neeringSoc~ety ENGINEERING REPORTS IS not responsible for statements Experiments Toward an Erasable Compact Disc Digital Audio System made by its contributors...... K. A. Schouhamer lmmink and J. J. M. Braat 531 Copyright Digital Distortion Analyzer ...... Eduard Stikvoort 539 Copyr~ghtO 1984 by the Audio Engineering Soclety, Inc. It is LETTERS TO THE EDITOR permitted to quote from this Journal Comments on "Fuzzy Distortion in Analog Amplifiers: A Limit to w~thcustomary credit to the source Information Transmission?" ...... J. Vanderkooy 542 Copies Author's Reply ...... M. J. Hawksford 542 Comments on "Direct Low-Frequency Driver Synthesis from System lnd~v~dualreaders are permitted to photocopy isolated art~clesfor Specifications" ...... Thomas L. Clarke 543 research or other noncommercial use. Permission to photocopy for internal or TECHNICAL COMMllTEE REPORTS personal use, or the internal or persona Report of the Meeting of the Technical Committee on Digital Audio use of specific cl~ents,IS granted by the (1984 March 26) ...... Bart Locanthi 545 Aud~oEngineering Soc~etyto librar~es and other users reg~steredwith the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), STANDARDS prov~dedthat the base fee of $1 .OO per Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 75(5), pp. 1653-1657, copy plus $0.50 per page is paid 1984 May) ...... 548 directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 FEATURES Photocop~esof indrv~dual Midwest Acoustics Conference (MAC 84) ...... 554 articles may be ordered from 76th Convention. . Preview ...... 556 the AES Headquarters off~ce Exhlb~tors...... 557 at $3.00 per artlcle. Previews ...... 558 Back Issues Selected back Issues are ava~lable DEPARTMENTS at $6 00 per copy; speclal News of the Sections ...... issues $10.00. For information, Upcoming Meetings ...... contact AES Headquarters office. Sound Track ...... Microfilm Available Literature ...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Membership Information ...... (1971 January) to the present edition In Memoriam ...... are available on microf~lmfrom AES Annual Report ...... Univers~tyMicrofilms Internat~onal, Call ForaPapers-77th Convention, Hamburg, 1985 ...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Mich~gan48106, USA. Communicating Through Poster Sessions ...... Mahlon D. Burkhard Information for Authors of Convention Papers ...... Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication Editorial Staff of ziny mater~alin th~sJournal requfres the permission of the Audio Robert 0. Fehr Editor Eng~neeringSoc~ety. Permiss~on may Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Leslie A. Safford Assoc~ateEditor also be required from one of the Michael J. Ricca Production Editor authors. lnqu~riesshould be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertis~ngISpecialPublicat~ons G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the AES Ed~tor~aloffice. Review Board Advertising For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advert~singrates, deadl~nes,and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Ed~tor~aloff~ce R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For informat~onon the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Englneering JOURNAL OF THE S0~lety(ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 32, Number 9, 1984 September. Published monthly, except January1 February and JulyiAugust when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Engineerins Society, 60 East 42nd street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355. VOLUME 32 NUMBER 9 1984 SEPTEMBER Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at additional mailing offce. Postmaster: Send address corrections tc PAPERS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York Passive Three-Way All-Pass Crossover Networks 10165-0075...... Robert M. Bullock, 111 626 The Audio Engineering Society On High-Density Recording of the Compact-Cassette Digital Recorder is not responsible for statements ...... N. Sakamoto, T. Kogure, H. Kitagawa, and T. Shimada 640 made by its contributors. Signal Processing of the Compact-Cassette Digital Recorder Copyright ...... N. Sakamoto, T. Kogure, M. Shimbo, and H. Kornae 647 Companded Predictive Delta Modulation: A Low-Cost Conversion Copyright O 1984 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is Technique for Digital Recording ...... Robert W. Adams 659 permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS I copies Signal Power Spectrum Aspects in Loudspeaker Design ..... H. Mayr 673 Individual readers are permitted to photocopy lsolated articles for LETTERS TO THE EDITOR research or other noncommercial use. Comments on "Optimum Loudspeaker Placement Near Reflecting Permission to photocopy for internal or Planes" ...... Roy Allison 677 personal use, or the internal or personal Author's Reply K. Ballagh 677 use of specific clients, is granted by the ...... 0. Audio Englneering Society to libraries Editorial Note ...... 678 and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), STANDARDS provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 76(1), pp. 331-333, copy plus $0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 2f Congress Street, 1984 July) ...... 680 Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 FEATURES Photocopies of individual 2nd International Conference: The Art and Technology of Recording articles may be ordered from Report 690 the AES Headquarters office ...... at $3.00 per article. Exhibitors ...... 709 Back issues DEPARTMENTS Selected back issues are available Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 686 at $6.00 per copy; speclal issues $1 0.00. For information, News of the Sections ...... 71 0 contact AES Headquarters office. Sound Track ...... 718 New Products and Developments ...... 720 Microfilm Available Literature ...... 721 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Upcoming Meetings ...... 722 (1971 January) to the present edition are available on mlcrofllm from Abstracts of Interest ...... 722 University Microfilms Internat~onal, Membership Information ...... 723 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Mschigan 48106, USA. Reprints and Republication Editorial Staff Multiple reproduction or republ~cation of any material in the Journal requires Robert 0. Fehr Editor the permission of the Audio Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Engineering Society. Permission may Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor also be required from one of the lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publications authors. Inquiries should be sent to G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the AES Editorlab off ice. Review Board Advertising For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorial office. R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

Telephone 21 2-661-2355. VOLUME 32 NUMBER 10 1984 OCTOBER Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at additional ma~lingoffice. Postmaster: Send address corrections t~ PAPERS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York History of Electronic Sound Modification ...... Harald Bode 730 101 65-0075. Acoustic Impulse Response Measurement: A New Technique The Audio Engineering Society ...... A. J. Berkhout, M. M. Boone, and C. Kesselman 740 is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright Digital Control of Loudspeaker Array Directivity ...... David G. Meyer 747 Copyright O 1984 by the Audio A Study of High-Efficiency Audio Power Amplifiers Using a Voltage Engineering Society, Inc. It IS Switching Method ...... Saburo Funada and Henry Akiya 755 permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source. Engineering Justifications for Selected Portions of the AES Recommended Practice for Specification of Loudspeaker Components Copies ...... Clifford A. Henricksen 763 Individual readers are permltted to photocopy Isolated articles for STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES research or other noncommercial use. Permission to photocopy for internal or AES Recommended Practice for Specification of Loudspeaker personal use, or the internal or personal Components Used in Professional Audio and Sound Reinforcement use of specific clients, is granted by the (Approved) ...... 771 Audio Eng~neerlngSociety to libraries and other users registered wlth the AES Recommended Practice for Professional Digital Audio Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), Applications Employing Pulse-Code Modulation-Preferred Sampling provided that the base fee of $1 $00per Frequencies (Approved) ...... 781 copy plus $0.50 per page is paid Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 76(3), pp. 989-995, 1984 directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, September) ...... 786 Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. .... 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual FEATURES articles may be ordered from Review of Society's Sustaining Members ...... 798 the AES Headquarters office at $3.00 per article. DEPARTMENTS Back Issues Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 792 Selected back issues are available ...... at $6.00 per copy; special News of the Sections 820 issues $10.00. For rnformation, Upcoming Meetings ...... 823 contact AES Headquarters off ice. Sound Track ...... 824 Microfilm New Products and Developments ...... 825 ...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Available Literature 828 (1971 January) to the present edition Abstracts of Interest ...... 829 are available on microfilm from AES News ...... 830 University Microfilms International, Membership Information ...... 831 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Membership Application Form ...... 838 Arbor, Michigan 481 06, USA. Reprints and Repubficatfon Editorial Staff Multiple reproduction or republicatton of any material in this Journal requires Robert 0. Fehr Editor the permission of the Audio Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Engineering Society. Permission may Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor also be required from one of the lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertisingispecial Publications authors. Inquiries should be sent to G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the AES Editorial office. Review Board Advertising For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein

the Editorial off Ice. I R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inslde back cover, R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineerlng JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 32, Number 11, 1984 November. Published monthly, except January/ February and JulyiAugust when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid VOLUME 32 NUMBER 11 1984 NOVEMBER at New York, New York, and at additional malling offlce. Postmaster: Send address corrections to PAPERS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York Perception of Phase Distortion in Anti-Alias Filters 10165-0075...... D. Preis and P. J. Bloom 842 The Audio Englneerrng Society Sound Synthesis by Fractional Waveshaping ...... Giovanni De Poli 849 IS not responsible for statements The Modified Hopkins-Stryker Equation ...... Don Davis 862 made by its contributors. The Wigner Distribution: A Valuable Tool for Investigating Transient Copyright Distortion ...... Cornelis P. Janse and Arie J. M. Kaizer 868 Copyright O 1984 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal ENGINEERING REPORTS with customary credit to the source. Digital Audio Modulation in the PAL and NTSC Optical Video Disk Coding Formats Copies ...... Kees A. Schouhamer Immink, Ad H. Hoogendijk, lndiv~dualreaders are permitted to photocopy isolated artlcles for and Joost A. Kahlman 883 research or other noncommercial use. Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal LETTERS TO THE EDITOR use of specific clients, is granted by the Correction to "Resolution Below the Least Significant Bit in Digital Audio Engineering Society to libraries Systems with Dither" ...... John Vanderkooy and Stanley P. Lipshitz 889 and other users registered w~ththe Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $f .OO per copy plus $0.50 per page is paid FEATURES directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Metric Review ...... G. Franklin Montgomery 890 Salem, Massachuseffs 01970, USA. Educational Directory Update ...... 901 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual AES Convention Schedule ...... 904 artlcles may be ordered from 1st Regional Convention Report ...... 906 the AES Headquarters office Exhibitors ...... 91 4 at $3.00 per article. Program ...... 915 Back Issues Selected back issues are available DEPARTMENTS at $6.00 per copy; special Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 894 issues $10.00. For information, contact AES Headquarters office. News of the Sections ...... 922 Sound Track ...... 928 Microfilm Upcoming Meetings ...... 929 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 New Products and Developments ...... 930 (1971 January) to the present edition are available on microfilm from Available Literature ...... 931 University Microfilms International, Membership Information ...... 932 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481 06, USA. Reprints and Republication Editorial Staff Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in this Journal requires Robert 0. Fehr Editor the permission of the Audio Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Engineering Society. Permission may Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor also be required from one of the lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publications authors. lnqu~riesshould be sent to G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the AES Editorial office. Review Board Advertising For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorial offce. R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. 6. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE All010 ENGINEERING SOCIEIV AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 32 NUMBER I2 1984 DECEMBER

PAPERS A Perceptual Criterion for Loudspeaker Evaluation ... James M. Kates 938 Is Phase Linearization of Loudspeaker Crossover Networks Possible by Time Offset and Equalization? ...... John Vanderkooy and Stanley P. Lipshitz 946 Loudspeaker Distortion Reduction ...... R. A. Greiner and Travis M. Sims, Jr. 956

ENGINEERING REPORTS Design Factors in a Programmable Distortion Measurement System ...... Richard C. Cabot 964

FEATURES Educational Directory Update ...... 984 76th Convention Report ...... 986 Exhibitors ...... 996 Program ...... 1000 International Sections Meeting ...... 1016 New AES Officers 1984185 ...... 1020 1985 AES Sections Directory ...... 1023

DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ...... 1030 Upcoming Meetings ...... 1034 Sound Track ...... 1034 New Products and Developments ...... 1036 Available Literature ...... 1038 Membership Information ...... 1040 Call For Papers-78th Convention, Anaheim, 1985 ...... 1048 Index to Volume 32 ...... 1050

Editorial Staff

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publications G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Review Board

L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen 6. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. 6.Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 33, Number 112, 1985 JanuaryiFebruary. Published monthly, except January' February and JulyiAugust when published bimonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 112 1985 JANUARYIFEBRUARY Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at PAPERS additional mailing office Postmaster: Send address corrections to Subjective Measurements of Loudspeaker Sound Quality and Audio Engineer~ngSociety, 60 East Listener Performance Floyd E. Toole 2 42nd Street, New York, New York ...... 10165-0075. Perceived Sound Quality of High-Fidelity Loudspeakers The Audio Engineering Soc~ety ...... Alf Gabrielsson and Bjorn Lindstrom 33 is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. Copyright LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Copyright O 7985 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is Comments on "A Versatile Delay Unit with CCDs" ...... Alex Kish 54 permitted to quote from this Journal Author's Reply ...... Johan A. M. Catrysse 54 with customary credit to the source. Copies lndiv~dualreaders are perm~ttedto TECHNICAL COMMllTEE REPORTS photocopy rsolated articles for research or other noncommercial use. Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee Permission to photocopy for internal or (1984 October 7) ...... Bart N. Locanthi 55 personal use, or the internal or persona use of speciflc clients, IS granted by the Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users reg~steredwith the STANDARDS Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 76(5), pp. 1592-1597, copy plus $0.50 per page IS paid 1984 November) ...... 58 directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual FEATURES articles may be ordered from the AES Headquarters office Educational Directory Update ...... 64 at $3.00 per article. 77th Convention Preview ...... 66 Back Issues Exhibitors ...... 67 Previews ...... 68 Selected back issues are available at $6.00 per copy; special issues $10.00. For information, contact AES Headquarters off~ce. DEPARTMENTS Microfilm News of the Sections ...... 97 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Upcoming Meetings ...... 102 (1 971 January) to the present edition are avarlabie on microftlm from Sound Track ...... 103 University Microfilms International, Available Literature ...... 106 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Membership Information ...... 107 Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. In Memoriam ...... 1 12 Reprints and Republicatton Multiple reproduction or republication Editorial Staff of any material in thls Journal requires the permission of the Audio Robert 0. Fehr Editor Engineering Society. Permission may Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor also be required from one of the Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor authors. Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publications the AES Editorial office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor Advertising Review Board For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorial off ~ce R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras Manuscripts J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen TM.Poion D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE Number 3, 1985 March. Published monthly, except January1 February and JuIyiAugust when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, - 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 3 1985 MARCH Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at PAPERS additional mailing office. Postmaster: Send address correctrons to Use of Frequency Overlap and Equalization to Produce High-Slope Audio Engineerlng Society, 60 East Linear-Phase Loudspeaker Crossover Networks 42nd Street, New York. New York ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz and John Vanderkooy 114 10165-0075. Spectral, Phase, and Transient Equalization for Audio Systems The Audlo Engineerlng Society is not responsible for statements ...... P. M. Clarkson, J. Mourjopoulos, and J. K. Hammond 127 made by tts contributors. Refinements in the Impulse Testing of Loudspeakers ...... L. R. Fincham 133 Copyright Copyrlght O 1985 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It IS permitted to quote from this Journal ENGINEERING REPORTS with customary credit to the source. An Efficient Algorithm for Generating Colored Noise Using a Copies Pseudorandom Sequence ...... Jeffrey Borish 141 lndlvldual readers are permrtted to A Tone-Burst Method for Measuring Loudspeaker Harmonic photocopy Isolated articles for research or other noncommercial use Distortion at High Power Levels ...... Ding Yong-Sheng 145 Permlsslon to photocopy for Internal or personal use, or the ~nternalor personal use of specific cl~ents,IS granted by the STANDARDS Audro Englneerlng Soclety to llbrarles and other users registered w~ththe Operating Procedures of the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Copyrlght Clearance Center (CCC), S4 on Audio Engineering ...... 148 provlded that the base fee of $1 .OO per copy plus $0.50 per page is paid Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 77(1), pp. 328-332, d~rectlyto CCC, 21 Congress Street, 1985 January) ...... 154 Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of ~nd~vidual articles mey be ordered from FEATURES the AES Headquarters ofke at $3.00 per article. 78th Convention Preview ...... 162 Previews ...... 164 Back Issues . . Exh~b~tors...... 200 Selected back issues are avallable at $6.00 per copy, speclal Issues $10.00 For lnformatlon, contact AES Headquarters offlce DEPARTMENTS Microfilm News of the Sections ...... 201 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Upcoming Meetings ...... 206 (1971 January) to the present edttlon Sound Track ...... 206 are avallable on mlcrofllm from University Microfilms International, Available Literature ...... 208 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Abstracts of Interest ...... 209 Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Membership Information ...... 21 0 Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republicatron Editorial Staff of any material in this Journal requires Robert 0.Fehr Editor the permlsslon of the Audlo Englneerrng Society. Permission may Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor also be requ~redfrom one of the Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor authors. Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingiSpecial Publications the AES Editorial office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor Advertising Review Board For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertrs~ngrates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorial offlce R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnigRt D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For lnformatton on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inslde back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach. Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 33 NUMBER 4 1985 APRIL PAPERS From Instrument to Ear in a Room: Direct or via Recording ...... A. H. Benade 218 Effect of Channel Separation on Earphone-Presented Tones, Noise, and Stereophonic Material ...... Julie M. Adkins and Robert D. Sorkin 234 ENGINEERING REPORTS Development of Technical Listening Skills: Timbre Solfeggio ...... Tomasz Letowski 240 A "Split-Track" Recording Technique for Improved ENG Audio ...... Skip Pizzi 245 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Signal Power Spectrum Aspects in Loudspeaker Design" ...... J. M. Woodgate 249 Author's Reply ...... H. Mayr 249 Comments on "Low-Frequency Sound Reproduction" ...... James B. Lee 249 Author's Reply ...... Mark E. Engebretson 251 STANDARDS Operating Policy of the Audio Engineering Society Standards Committee ...... 253 Operating Procedures of the Audio Engineering Society Standards Committee ...... 256 FEATURES Educational Directory Update ...... 260 History of Disk Recording ...... John G. Frayne 263 A Brief History of Early Motion Picture Sound Recording and Reproducing Practices ...... John K. Hilliard 271 AES Tokyo Conference 85: Present and Future of Digital Audio Engineering, Preliminary Program ...... 279 DEPARTMENTS Upcoming Meetings ...... 283 News of the Sections ...... 284 Sound Track ...... 293 New Products and Developments ...... 294 Available Literature ...... 297 Membership Information ...... 298 Audio Engineering Society Bylaws ...... 306 Call for Papers-79th Convention, New York, 1985 ...... 31 0

Editorial Staff

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertisinglspecial Publications G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor 1 Review Board L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 33, Number 5, 1985 May. Published monthly, except Januaryi February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 5 1985 MAY Telephone 21 2-661 -2355. Second-class postage paid PAPERS at New York, New York, and at additional mailing office. A New Approach to the Assessment of Stereophonic Sound System Postmaster: Send address corrections to Performance ...... J. C. Bennett, K. Barker, and F. 0. Edeko 314 Audio Engineering Society, 60 East An Improved Computer Model of Direct-Radiator Loudspeakers 42nd Street, New York, New York ...... I. C. Shepherd and R. J. Aifredson 322 10165-0075. An Auditorium Simulator for Domestic Use ...... Jeffrey Borish 330 The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright Loudspeaker Directionality and the Perception of Reality ...... Bert Berlant 342 Copyright C 1985 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal COMMUNICATIONS with customary credit to the source. The Cantilever Sandwich Loudspeaker Diaphragm ...... D. A. Barlow 351 Copies Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for LETTERS TO THE EDITOR research or other noncommercial use. Comments on Education Panel Meeting in Hamburg Permission to photocopy for internal or ...... Wygnanski Wladyslaw 355 personal use, or the internal or personal Committee Comment ...... Martin Polon 355 use of specific clients, is granted by the Corrections to "Passive Three-Way All-Pass Crossover Networks" Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users registered with the ...... Robert M. Builock, 111 355 Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per copy plus $0.50 per page is paid STANDARDS directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 77(3), pp. 1276-1 281, Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. 1985 March) ...... 356 0004-7554/84 $1 .OO + .50 Photocopies of individual articles may be ordered from FEATURES the AES Headquarters office 77th Convention Report ...... 362 at $3.00 per article. Exhibitors ...... 374 Back Issues Program ...... 378 Selected back issues are available International Sections Meetings ...... 396 at $6.00 per copy; special issues $10.00. For information; contact AES Headquarters office. DEPARTMENTS Upcoming Meetings ...... 400 Microfilm News of the Sections ...... 402 Copies of Volume 19, Number I Sound Track ...... 406 (1971 January) to the present edition New Products and Developments ...... 407 are available on microf~lmfrom Available Literature ...... 41 0 University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Membership Information ...... 41 1 Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. In Memoriam ...... 416 Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication Editorial Staff of any material in this Journal requires 0. Editor the permission of the Audio Robert Fekr Engineering Society. Permission may Patricia M. Macclonald Managing Editoi Abbie J, Cohera Senior Editor also be required from one of the Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~toi Advertising'special Publications authors. inquiries should be sent to G. the AES Editorial office. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor Advertising Review Board For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Weyser S. P. hipshifn D. Queen advertising rates, deadl~nes,and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechan~calreauirements, contact @. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood 4. %. McGiil R. 5. Schulein the Editorial oif~ce. R. C. Cabot 8. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shol?er M. Catparas J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. 51. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper 5. E. Keepper J, A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Yanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M, Poion D. R,von Recklinghaslsera inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, 3s. B. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE

Published monthly, except January1 February and JulyiAugust when AUD10 ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Aud~oEngineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 6 1985 JUNE Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid PAPERS at New York, New York, and at additional mailing office. The Parabolic Reflector as an Acoustical Amplifier Postmaster: Send address corrections tc ...... Sten Wahlstrom 418 Audio Engineering Society, 60 East On the Design of Some Feedback Circuits for Loudspeakers 42nd Street, New York, New York ...... J. A. M. Catrysse 430 10165-0075. The Subjective Importance of Uniform Group Delay at Low The Audio Engineertng Society Frequencies ...... L. R. Fincham 436 is not responsible for statements made by ~tscontributors. Low-Frequency Range Extension of Loudspeakers ...... Daniel R. von Recklinghausen 440 Copyright Copyright Q 1985 by the Audio ENGINEERING REPORTS Engineering Society, Inc. It IS permitted to quote from this Journal Closed-Box Loudspeaker System Equalization and Power with customary credit to the source. Requirements ...... Georgi Penkov and Boris Traianov 447 Control Room for Music Monitoring ...... Ernst-Joachim Voelker 452 Copies lndrviduai readers are permitted to photocopy lsolated articles for LETTERS TO THE EDITOR research or other noncommercial use. Comments on "Determining the Acoustic Position for Proper Phase Permission to photocopy for Internal or Response of Transducers" ...Stanley P. Lipshitz and John Vanderkooy 463 personal use, or the internal or personal Author's Reply ...... Richard C, Heyser 465 use of speciflc clients, is granted by the Audio Engineering Society to l~braries and other users registered with the STANDARDS AND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS Copyr~ghtClearance Center (CCC), Method for Measurement of Weighted Peak Flutter of Sound provided that the base fee of $1 .OO per Recording and Reproducing Equipment AES6-1982 (ANSI S4.3-1982) copy plus $0.50 per page is paid (Approved) ...... 467 directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. Method of Measuring Recorded Flux of Magnetic Sound Records at 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 Medium Wavelengths AES7-1982 (ANSI S4.6-1982) (Approved) ...... 477 Photocopies of individual articles may be ordered from FEATURES the AES Headquarters offlce Educational Directory Update ...... 484 at $3.00 per article. 1985 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Congress and Back Issues Exposition ...... David Clark 486 Selected back issues are available Midwest Acoustics Conference (MAC 85) ...... Ted Staniec 488 at $6.00 per copy; special issues $10.00. For information, contact AES Headquarters offee. DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ...... 490 Microfilm Upcoming Meetings ...... 495 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Sound Track ...... 496 (1971 January) to the present edition New Products and Developments ...... 498 are available on microfilm from University Microfilms International, Available Literature ...... 501 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Membership Information ...... 504 Arbor, Michigan 481 06, USA. Membership Application Form ...... 51 0 Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication Editorial Staff of any material in this Journal requires Robert 0. Fehr Editor the permission of the Aud~o Engineering Society. Permission may Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abble J. Cohen Senior Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor also be required from one of the Michael J. Ricca Production Editor AdvertisingiSpecial Publications authors. Inquiries should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor the AES Editorial office. G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor I Advertising Review Board For rnformation on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthl M, R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGIll R. B. Schulein the Ed~torialoffice. R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick I For information on the nresentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Prels J. V. Whlte Journal of the Auclio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 33, Number 718, 1985 July!August. Published monthly, except January1 February and July!August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIET'! published btmonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 718 1985 JULYIAUGUST Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage pa~d at New York, New York, and at PAPERS additional mailing office. Microphones ...... Jon R. Sank 514 Postmaster: Send address corrections tc Audio Engineer~ngSociety, 60 East Basic Stereo Microphone Perspectives-A Review 42nd Street, New York, New York ...... Ron Streicher and Wes Dooley 548 10165-0075. The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements COMMUNICATIONS made by its contributors. A Bibliography of the Relevant Literature on the Subject of Copyright Microphones ...... Richard Knoppow 557 Copyright O 1985 by the Audlo Engineering Soaety, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS with customary credit to the source. Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee Copies (1985 March 4) ...... Bart N. Locanthi 562 Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for research or other noncommerc~aluse. Permission to photocopy for internal or STANDARDS personal use, or the internal or persona Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 77(5), pp. 1968-1972, use of specific clients, is granted by the ...... Audio Engineering Society to libraries 1985 May) 566 and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1.00 per FEATURES copy plus $0.50 per page is pald directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, 78th Convention Report ...... 572 Salem, Massachusetts 01 970, USA. Exhibitors ...... 582 0004-7554184 $1 .OO + .50 Program ...... 584 Photocopies of Individual ...... articles may be ordered from International Sections Meeting 602 the AES Headquarters office at $3.00 per article. DEPARTMENTS Back Issues Selected back issues are available News of the Sections ...... 604 at $6.00 per copy; special Sound Track ...... 61 0 issues $1 0.00. For information, Upcoming Meetings ...... 61 0 contact AES Headquarters office. New Products and Developments ...... 61 1 Microfilm Available Literature ...... 61 3 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Membership Information ...... 61 6 (1971 January) to the present edltion In Memoriam ...... 620 are available on microfilm from AES Annual Report ...... 621 Unruersity Microfilms International, 622 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Call for Papers-80th Convention, Montreux, 1986 ...... Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Information for Authors of Convention Papers ...... 624 Reprints and Republication Editorial Staff Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in this Journal requires Robert 0. Fehr Editor the permission of the Audio Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Engineering Society. Permission may Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor also be required from one of the lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publications authors. Inquiries should be sent to G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the AES Editorial office. Review Board Advertising For informatron on Journal L. A. Abbagnalro R. C. Heyser S. P. Llpshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorial office. R. C. Cabot T. Holrnan J. G. McKnlght D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For information on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. 1. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. Whlte Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (ISSN 0004.7554) Volume 33, Number 9, 1985 September Published monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICSEN~NEE 1 APPLICATIONsAI G SOCIETY publ~shedbimonthly, by the AUK w Audlo Englneerlng Soc~ety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 9 1985 SEPTEMBER Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage pard PAPERS at New York, New York, and at additional mailing off ~ce Increasing the Audio Measurement Capability of FFT Analyzers by Postmaster: Send address corrections to Microcomputer Postprocessing Aud~oEngineerlng Soclety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York ...... Stanley P. L~pshltz,Tony C. Scott, and John Vanderkooy 626 10165-0075. Pre- and Postemphasis Techniques as Applied to Audio Recording The Audlo Englneerlng Soc~ety Systems...... Louis D. Fielder 649 IS not responsible for statements Root-Locus Technique for Vented-Box Loudspeaker Design made by ~tscontributors ...... Thomas E. Rutt 659 Copyright Copyr~ghtO 1985 by the Audlo ENGINEERING REPORTS I Engineerlng Soclety, Inc. It IS Application of Walsh Functions to an FM Stereo Demodulator permttted to quote from thls Journal Susumu Takahash1 and Hiroshl llda 669 with customary cred~tto the source...... Copies COMMUNICATIONS lndlvldual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated artlcles for Minimum-Phase-Shift Property of a One-Dimensional Triangular I research or other noncommerc~aluse. Source ...... Hldeo Suzuk~ 674 Permission to photocopy for Internal or personal use, or the Internal or personal use of specrflc cllents, IS granted by the STANDARDS Aud~oEngineerrng Soclety to llbrarles and other users registered wrth the Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 78 (I), pp. 278-281, Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 1985 July) ...... 677 provlded that the base fee of $1 .OO per copy plus $0.50 per page is pald FEATURES directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. Educational Directory Update ...... 681 0004-7554184 $1 .OO .50 + Tokyo Conference: Digital Audio-The Present and Future Photocopies of ~ndlvldual articles may be ordered from Report ...... 682 the AES Headquarters offlce Program ...... 688 at $3.00 per artlcle. 79th Convention Preview...... 696 Back Issues Previews ...... 698 ...... Selected back issues are available Exhibitors ...... 738 at $6.00 per copy; speclal Convention Workshop Report: "Is It Live Or Is It Digital?" lssues $1 0.00. For ~nformation, ...... Davld Clark 740 contact AES Headquarters office. Microfilm DEPARTMENTS Coples of Volume 19, Number 1 ...... 742 (1971 January) to the present edltron News of the Sections . . are available on microfilm from Upcoming Meetings ...... 746 University M~crofrlmsInternational, Sound Track ...... 747 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Available Literature...... 749 Arbor, Mlchlgan 48106, USA. Membership information ...... 750 Reprints and Republication Editorial Staff Multiple reproduction or republication of any material In th~sJournal requlres Robert 0. Fehr Ed~tor the perrnlssion of the Audio Patricia M. Macdonald Managlng Ed~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Ed~tor Englneerlng Society Permlss~onmay Michael J. Ricca Product~onEd~tor Leslie A. Safford Assoc~ateEd~tor also be requlred from one of the lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor AdvertlslngiSpec~alPubl~cat~ons authors. lnqulrles should be sent to G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechnical Ed~tor the AES Editorial offlce Review Board Advertising For information on Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertising rates, deadlines, and B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorial offlce. R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For lnformatlon on the presentahon J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen lnside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White JOURNAL OF THE AUOlO ENlilNEERlllG SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 33 NUMBER 10 1985 OCTOBER Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at PAPERS additronal mailing office, Postmaster: Send address corrections tc Tunable Active Crossover Networks Audio Engineering Society, 60 East ...... Sanjit K. Mitra, Andrew J. Damonte, Nobuo Fujii, and Yrjo Neuvo 762 42nd Street, New York, New York The Audibility of Modulation Noise in Floating-Point Conversion 101 65-0075. Systems ...... L. D. Fielder 770 The Audio Engineering Society Perception of Phase Distortion in All-Pass Filters IS not responsible for statements ...... J. A. Deer, P. J. Bloom, and D. Preis 782 made by rts contributors. Copyright ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright O 1985 by the Audro Feedback Amplifier Output Stages ...... Stephan J. G. Gift 787 Englneering Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal Comments on "Feedback Amplifier Output Stages" with customary credit to the source...... Edward M. Cherry and Gregory K. Cambrell 795 Author's Reply ...... Stephan J. 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Membership Application Form ...... 854 Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication Editorial Staff of any material in this Journal requires Robert 0. Fehr Editor the perrnlssron of the Audio Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Englneering Society. Permission may Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor also be requrred from one of the lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertisingispecial Publications authors. Inquiries should be sent to G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the AES Editorial office. Advertising Review Board For ~nformationon Journal L. A. Abbagnaro R. C. Heyser S. P. Lipshitz D. Queen advertis~ngrates, deadlines, and 6. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. F. McGill R. B. Schulein the Editorral offrce. R. C. Cabot T. Holman J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter M. Camras J. M. Kates R. A. Moog R. H. Small Manuscrtpts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick For inforrnatkon on the presentation J. M. Eargle P. W. Klipsch J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy and processing of manuscripts, see M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen inside back cover. R. A. Greiner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Preis J. V. White Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 33, Number 11, 1985 November. Published monthly, except January/ February and JulyiAugust when RUOlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 11 1985 NOVEMBER Teleehone 212-661 -2355. second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at President's Message ...... Robert B. Schulein 858 additional mailing office. Postmaster: Send address corrections to PAPERS Audio Engineer~ngSociety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York Ambisonics in Multichannel Broadcasting and Video 10165-0075...... Michael A. Gerzon 859 The Audio Eng~neeringSociety The Effect of Reinforcement System Regeneration on Gain and is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. Reverberation Decay ...... Ted Uzzle 872 Copyright ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright @ 1985 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is Improved Reed-Solomon Decoding Using Multiple-Pass Decoding permitted to quote from this Journal ...... D. Shenton, E. DeBenedictis, and B. Locanthi 878 with customary credit to the source. Self-Contained Crosscorrelation Program for Maximum-Length Copies Sequences ...... Jeffrey Borish 888 individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for COMMUNICATIONS research or other noncommercial use. 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Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 33, Number 12, 1985 December Published monthly, except January1 February and JuiylAugust when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audlo Englneerlng Soclety, 60 East 42nd Streel, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 33 NUMBER 12 1985 DECEMBER Telephone 212-661-2355. Second-class postage pald at New York, New York, and at additional malllng offlce. PAPERS Postmaster: Send address corrections tc Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Coverage of FM Audlo Englneering Soclety, 60 East Ernil Torick and Thomas 0.Keller 42nd Street, New York, New York Stereophonic Broadcasts ...... L. 938 10165-0075. Reentrant Compression and Adaptive Expansion for Optimized Noise Reduction ...... Daniel W. Gravereaux, David W. Stebbings, The Audlo Englneering Soclety Jeffrey B. Kadin, and Aldo G. Cugnini 944 IS not responsible for statements made by ~tscontrlbutors Subjective and Predictive Measures of Speech Intelligibility-The Role of Loudspeaker Directivity ...... Kenneth D. Jacob 950 Copyright Sound Radiation from a Concave or a Convex Dome in a Semi-Infinite Copyrlght ic, 1985 by the Audlo Tube ...... Hideo Suzuki 956 Englneerlng Society, Inc. It IS ENGINEERING REPORTS perrnltted to quote from thls Journal with customary credlt to the source. Three-Level Tone Test Signal for Setting Audio Levels ... A. N. Thlele 963 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Copies More on "Human Stress Provoked by Digitalized Recordings" lndlv~dualreaders are permitted to ...... John Diamond 968 photocopy lsolated artlcles for Reply ...... Roger Lagadec 968 research or other noncomrnerc~aluse Perrncsslon to photocopy for Internal or History of Companies ...... Ted Uzzle 969 personal use, or the Internal or personal Comments on "Microphones" ...... 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Safford Associate Edltor Multlple reproductkon or republication lngeborg M. Stochrnal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publ~cat~ons of any material In this Journal requlres G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechnical Editor the permlsslon of the Audlo Englneerlng Soclety Permlsslon may Review Board also be requrred from one of the authors. lnqulrles should be sent to L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner S. P. Lipshitz K. A. Schouhamer-lmmink the AES Ed~torlalofflce P. Berkhout R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder Advertising B. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. 6. Schulein C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter Contact the AES Ed~torialofflce. R. C. Cabot T. Holman R. A. Moog R. H. Small M. Camras J. M. Kates J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy For lnformatlon on the presentatlon R. T. Cordell P. W. Klipsch M. Polon D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see J. M. Eargle J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White lnstde back cover. M. B. Gardner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen E. Zaustinsky Journal of the Audio Engkeering Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 34, A I nJOURNAL OF THE Number 112, 1986 JanuaryiFebruary. Published monthly, except January1 AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY February and JulylAugust when published bimonthly, by the AUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATlONS Audio Engrneerlng Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 34 NUMBER 112 1986 JANUARYIFEBRUARY Telephone 21 2-661-2355. Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, and at Editor's Message ...... Robert 0. Fehr 2 additional maiiing office. Postmaster: Send address corrections tc Audio Engineering Society, 60 East PAPERS 42nd Street, New York, New York 3 10165-0075. Digital Dynamic Range Compressor for Audio ...... E. F. Stikvoort The Audio Engineering Society Subjective Evaluation of Dynamic Compression in Music 10 IS not responsible for statements ...... W. M. Wagenaars, A. J. M. Houtsma, and R. A. J. M. van Lieshout made by its contributors. Transient Intermodulation Distortion-Part 2: Soft Nonlinearity ...... Edward M. Cherry and Kishor P. Dabke 19 Copyright Copyr~ghtQ 1986 by the Audro ENGINEERING REPORTS Engineerrng Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal Review of Frequencies and Levels for Digital Audio Performance with customary credit to the source. Measurements ...... Robert A. Finger 36 Copies lndrv~dualreaders are permitted to LETTERS TO THE EDITOR photocopy isolated articles for Correction to "Ground-Plane Acoustic Measurement of Loudspeaker research or other noncommercial use...... Mark R. Gander 49 Permission to photocopy for internal or Systems" personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the STANDARDS Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users registered with the Standardization in Professional Digital Audio Engineering at the AES Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), ...... Bart N. Locanthi 50 provided that the base fee of $1 .OO pet copy plus $0.50 per page is paid FEATURES dlrectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA. 80th Convention Preview ...... 58 0004-7554186 $1 .OO + .50 Previews ...... 60 Photocopies of individual articles may be ordered from the AES Exhibitors ...... 86 Headquarters off~ceat $3.00 per article. DEPARTMENTS Back Issues Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 55 Selected back issues are available: News of the Sections ...... 90 From Volume 1 (1953) through Volume Sound Track ...... 97 12 (1 964), $15.00 per issue; Volume 13 Upcoming Meetings ...... 99 (1965) to present, $10.00 per issue. For Available Literature 99 information, contact the AES ...... Headquarters offlce. Membership Information ...... 101 In Memoriam ...... 109 Microfilm Call for Papers-8lst Convention, Los Angeles, 1986 ...... 110 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 Information for Authors of Convention Papers ...... 112 (1 971 January) to the present ed~tion are available on microfilm from University Microfilms International, Editorial Staff 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481 06, USA. Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Reprints and Republication Michael J. Ricca Production Editor Leslie A. Safford Associate Editor Multiple reproduction or republrcation lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor AdvertisingISpecial Publications of any mater~aiin this Journal requires G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor the permission of the Audio Engineering Society. Permission may Review Board also be required from one of the authors. lnauiries should be sent to L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner S. P. Lipshitz K. A. Schouhamer-lmmink P. Berkhout R. C. Heyser 8. Locanthi M. R. Schroeder 6. Blesser W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. 8. Schulein C. R. Cable J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight D. E. L. Shorter ES Editorial office. R. C. Cabot T. Holman R. A. Moog R. H. Small M. Camras J. M. Kates J. A. Moorer E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. Vanderkooy M. Polon 0. R. von Recklinghausen For tnformation on the ~resentat~on R. T. Cordell P. W. Klipsch I J. M. Eargle J. H. Kogen D. Preis J. V. White M. 9. Gardner W. M. Leach, Jr. D. Queen E. Zaustinsky VOLUME 34 NUMBER 3 1986 MARCH

CONTENTS

PAPERS Numerical Optimization of the Crossover Filters in a Multiway Loudspeaker System ...... R. P. de Wit, A. J. M. Kaizer, and F. J. Op de Beek 115 Given the measured impedances and acoustic responses of a set of drivers and the overa2l target responses for a loudspeaker system, one can obtain optimal designs for the crossover networks.

Design of Optimized Loudspeaker Crossover Networks Using a Personal Computer ...... Peter L. Schuck 124 Ladder filter networks are minimum phase, and dynamic drivers are substantially so. Reliance on this property simplifies the practical optimization of crossover networks with a small computer.

Linear-Phase Bandsplitting: Theory and Applications ...... James A. Moorer and Mark Berger 143 A bank of band-pass filters can be realized whose output sum exhibits a constant delay at all frequencies. The usefulness of this possibility is explored.

Design and Implementation of an Audio l&Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Using Ovetsampling Techniques ...... Robert W. Adams 153 Successive-approximation analog-to-digital converters are limited by achievable settling time, sample droop, and input noise. The limitations can be stretched by oversampling and return to a lower sampling rate.

ENGINEERING REPORTS The Localized Sound Power Method ...... Earl Geddes and Henry Blind 167 Stable acoustic equalization of an enclosed space is accomplished with multipoint measurements. The method is applied to an automobile interior.

STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 79(1), pp. 200-202, 1986 January) ...... 174

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1985 October 11) ...... Barl N. Locanthi 179

FEATURES 4th AES International Conference: Stereo Audio Technology for Television and Vide- Preliminary Program ...... 185 Stereo Television: Market Forces and Issues ...... Martin Polon 188

DEPARTMENTS Educational Directory Update ...... 184 Available Literature ...... 216 News of the Sections ...... 205 Membership Information ...... 218 Sound Track ...... 21 2 In Memoriam ...... 222 Upcoming Meetings ...... 21 3 Call for Papers-8lst Convention, New Products and Developments ...... 21 4 Los Angeies, 1986 ...... 223

VOLUME 34 NUMBER 5 1986 MAY

CONTENTS

PAPERS A New Three-Way All-Pass Crossover Network Design ...... Robert M. Bullock 111 31 5 A three-way network can be realized either passively or actively to produce rapid attenuatzon with little or no increase in component cost.

Loudspeaker Measurements and Their Relationship to Listener Preferences: Part 2 ...... Floyd E. Toole 323 The history of the problem was discussed in Part 1 (April). Recent experiments show reliable correlation of listener preferences with high-resolution measurements of amplitude response.

ENGINEERING REPORTS Amplifier First-Stage Criteria for Avoiding Slew-Rate Limiting ...... Peter Garde 349 Designing a first stage to accommodate a fuL2-input step is unnecessarily conservative. Milder criteria permit better performance.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "An Amplifier Input Stage Design Criterion for the Suppression of Dynamic Distartions" ...... Peter Garde 354 Author's Reply ...... W, Marshall Leach, Jr. 355

FEATURES 80th Convention Report ...... 362 Exhibitors ...... 376 Program ...... 378 International Sections Meeting ...... 392 MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface ...... Bob Moog 394

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical New Products and Developments ...... 41 3 Patents ...... 360 Available Literature ...... 41 6 News of the Sections ...... 405 Membership Information ...... 41 7 Upcoming Meetings ...... 41 0 Call for Papers-81 st Convention, Sound Track ...... 41 1 Los Angeles, 1986 ...... 423 VOLUME 34 NUMBER 6 1986 JUNE

CONTENTS

PAPERS Total Difference-Frequency Distortion: Practical Measurements ...... Richard H. Small 427 A proposed IEC distortzon measurement zs real~zedby a disstortion meter that has been used to test sampk amplifiers, tape recorders, and a loudspeaker. Distortion sensitiuzty extends to 0.0001 percent.

Type 1 and Type 2 Errors in the Statistical Analysis of Listening Tests ...... Les Leventhal 437 Improper design of a listening test increases the risk of finding real component differences inaudible (compared with the rzsk of imagzning differences where none exist). The author provides statistical guidance.

The Digital Audio Processing Station: A New Concept in Audio Postproduction ...... James A. Moorer, Curtis Abbot Peter Nye, Jeffrey Borrsh, and John Snell 454 Digital sound is stored, manzpulated, and reassembled in the studio entirely under software control. The composer and sound editor now haue an agrle and noiseless "word processor" that replaces tape-splicing and other traditional procedures.

ENGINEERING REPORTS Source Radiation Characteristics ...... Earl R. Geddes 464 The author calculates axially symmetric patterns for flat, convex, and acoustic lens sources. I , Design of a Digital Biquadratic Peaking or Notch Filter for Digital Audio Equalization ...... Stanley A. White 479 I Frequency, bandwidth, and boost (or attenuation) are the parameters whose choices begin the design of this filter. I I STANDARDS I Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 79(5), pp. 1630-1 635, 1986 May) ...... 484

FEATURES An Overview of Stereo Recording Techniques for Popular Music ...... John M. Eargle 490 I I

I DEPARTMENTS I News of the Sections ...... 505 New Products and Developments ...... 513 Sound Track ...... 51 0 Available Literature ...... 51 5 Upcoming Meetings ...... 512 Membership Information ...... 516 In Memoriam ...... 520 VOLUME 34 NUMBER 718 1986 JULYIAUGUST CONTENTS i PAPERS I I Another Approach to Time-Delay Spectrometry ...... John Vanderkooy 523 Complete specificatron of a linear system is gzven by a proper measurement of either impulse response or complex transfer function. The author explores the relationship and equivalence of time-delay spectrometry to these classical measures. Diffusing Surfaces in Concert Halls: Boon or Bane? ...... Jeffrey Borlsh 539 Ought one to strive for concert-hall reflections that are specular or diffuse? The path from analys~s to subjective perception is not yet clear-cut. ENGINEERING REPORTS I Selection of Test Signals for DSP-Based Testing of Digital Audio Systems ...... Joel M. Halbert and R. Allan Belcher 546 Distortion and noise products in digital systems dzfferpeculiarly from those tn analog systems. Dzgital hardware requires test measurements other than those for harmonic dtstortion.

A Subtractive Implementation of Linkwitz-Riley Crossover Design ...... R. Chalupa 556 Active second-order and fourth-order crossover networks are realized with some economy of precisz.vn components.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Coverage ot FM Stereophonic Broadcasts" ...... Rob Lew~s 560 Comments on "Stereo Television: Market Forces and Issues" ...... Randy Hoffner 560 Comments on "Subjective and Predictive Measurements of Speech Intelligibility-The Role of Loudspeaker Directivity" ...... Farrel M. Becker 560 Additional Comments ...... Don Dav~s 561 Author's Reply ...... Kenneth D. Jacob 562 CORRECTIONS Correction to "Design of Optimized Loudspeaker Crossover Networks Using a Personal Computer" ...... 563

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Minutes of the Meeting af the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1986 March 3) ...... Bart N. Locanthi 565 STANDARDS I Draft AES Information Document-Plane-Wave Tubes: Design and Practice ...... (insert)

1 FEATURES 4th International Conference Report ...... 578 Program ...... 586

DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ...... 592 Membership Information ...... 601 Upcoming Meetings ...... 596 AES Annual Report ...... 605 Sound Track ...... 597 Call for Papers-82nd Convention, New Products and London, 1987 ...... 606 Developments ...... 598 Information for Authors Available Literature ...... 600 of Convention Papers ...... 608 1 VOLUME 34 NUMBER 9 1986 SEPTEMBER

1 CONTENTS PAPERS Constant-Q Graphic Equalizers ...... Dennis A. Bohn 61 1 I A graphic equalizer ought to produce a frequency response that mimics the positions of its I frequency controls. Conventional equalizers do not achieve this result. Constant-Q equalizers do. Dynamic Linearity and Power Compression in Moving-Coil Loudspeakers ...... Mark R. Gander 627 Loudspeaker sensitivity and linearity vary with signal amplitude. Some variations are caused by design particulars of the mouzng-coil motor, the enclosure, and the enclosure port or passive radiator, if any.

Effects of Receiver Design and Transmission Impairments on Audio Signal Quality in the BTSC System for Multichannel Television Sound ...... J. James Gibson 647 Distortion, crosstalk, and 60-Hz buzz are potential faults zn multichannel teleuision sound. They are curbed satzsfactorily by careful design and operation of the receiver and transmitter.

COMMUNICATIONS Digital Reverberation Time Meter ...... Arif A. R. Aljudi and Majid A. H. Abdul-Karim 661 I Conventional electronic circuits combine to yield a digital display of reuerberation time. I LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "A Graphic Method for Choosing and Aiming Loudspeakers for Reinforcement" ...... Peter W. Tappan 664

1 CORRECTIONS 1 Correction to "Type 1 and Type 2 Errors in the Statistical AnalJsis of listening Tests" ...... 664

STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 80(1), pp. 359-363, 1986 July) ...... 665

FEATURES 81st Convention Preview ...... 674 Previews ...... 676 Exhibitors ...... 714 Stereo Microphone Techniques: Are the Purists Wrong? ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz 716

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 670 Abstracts of Interest ...... 756 News of the Sections ...... 745 Membership Information ...... 757 Sound Track ...... 749 In Memoriam ...... 763 Upcoming Meetings ...... 752 Call for Papers-82nd Convention, Available Literature ...... 753 London, 1987 ...... 764 Membership Application Form ...... 766 JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 34 NUMBER 10 1986 OCTOBER

CONTENTS

PAPERS Application of the Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD) to Diffraction at the Edges of Loudspeaker Baffles ...... R. M. Bews and M. J. Hawksford 771 Steady-state and step sound pressures are calculuted for a radiator in a small baffle. Diffractive interference is reduced in geometrically irregular designs.

Mutual Radiation Impedance of a Double-Disk Source and Its Effect on the Radiated Power ...... Hideo Suzuki 780 Radiated power of a pair of radiators is calculated, including the contribution of the mutual radiation impedance. The results are pertinent in designing a two-way loudspeaker.

Psychoacoustic Considerations in the Design of Studio Control Rooms ...... Jack Wr~ghtson 789 A satisfactory control room is one whose acoustzc responses nearly disappear. Complete dzsappeurance as undesirable, but Lhe effects that remain should be manrpulated dzferently from current practice.

Influence of Rear-Wall Reflection Patterns in Live-End-Dead-End-Type Recording Studio Control Rooms ...... Jack Wrightson and Russ Berger 796 Strong control-room reflections degrade spatial perception, a conclusion corzfirn~edby psychoacoustical experiment. A designer's preference for such reflections may arise from. misinterpretation of the literature.

ENGINEERING REPORTS A Five-Band Companded Technique for Converting Telephone Quality to Broadcast Quality Using Two Voice-Grade Phone Lines ...... Daniel B. Talbot and John F. Cheney 804 A voice channel, preemphasized, divided into five bands, and suitably compressed, is reassembled at the receiving end of two telephone lines to yield a 50-Hz to 5-kHz response with a perceived 60- dB signal-to-noise ratio.

STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 80(3), pp. 985-989, 1986 September) ...... 812

FEATURES 81st Convention Update ...... 81 8 The AES Technical Council: Its Form and Function ...... Daniel Queen 820 Review of Society's Sustaining Members ...... 824

DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ...... 849 Available Literature ...... 859 Upcoming Meetings ...... 852 Membership Information ...... 860 Sound Track ...... 853 In Memoriam ...... 861 New Products and Developments ...... 855 Membership Application Form ...... 862 VOLUME 34 NUMBER 11 1986 NOVEMBER

CONTENTS

PAPERS Orchestral Instruments: Analysis of Performed Transitions ...... John Strawn 867 Music is a sequence of tones and the trans~tionsfrom one tone to the next. Melodzc intervals performed on nine instruments reveal that a transition's power varzation is to some extent independent of the instrument and of the szze and dzrectzon of the znterval.

Evaluation of Phase Shift and Group Delay in Phono Cartridges Using a Lumped-Parameter Mathematical Model ...... Ned F. Albert 881 A mathemat~calmodel assists in the design of a linear-phase phonograph cartridge uszng conventional materzals.

In-Phase Crossover Network Design ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz and John Vanderkooy 889 Linkwitz-Riley networks are special cases of a class of all-pass alignments that produce no directional tilt zn the loudspeaker's crossover region.

Sandwich-Construction Loudspeaker Diaphragm with Foamed High-Polymer and Carbon Fiber ...... Sadao Taguchi, Toshio Watanabe, Ei~ch~Takahashi, Susumu taka hash^, and Susumu Tanaka 895 Carbon fiber and acrylcc foam make a diaphragm material with greater stifness than paper and approxzmately equal loss. Resonance frequencres are increased and dzstortion reduced.

ENGINEERING REPORTS Measurement of %AL,,,, ... Carolyn P Dav~s 905 Two znstrumental methods for measuring artzculatton correlate well Speech inteELzgcbJcty 1s ser~ouslyafected by the dzrect~vztyfactor and by loudspeaker mcsaltgnment

FEATURES Preparation of Master Tapes: A Producer's and Mixer's Guide to Mastering for Analog Disks, Cassettes, and Compact Discs ...... Sidney Feldman 91 4

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 910 New Products and Developments ...... 946 News of the Sections ...... 942 Available Literature ...... 948 Sound Track ...... 944 Abstracts of Interest ...... 949 Upcoming Meetings ...... 944 Membership Information ...... 950 JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLlCATIONS

1986 DECEMBER

President's Message ...... Bart N. Locanthi

PAPERS On the Standardization of the Frequency Response of High-Quality Studio Headphones ...... Gunther Theile Perceived loudness and timbre of an acoustic source are modified by the external ear and by psychological processes. These findings argue for headphone equalization that duplicates ear- canal response to a diffuse sound field.

Ellrctroclynamk Loudspeaker with Baffle: Motional Impedance and Radiation ...... A. M. Bruneau and M. Bruneau The authors compare theoreticat and experimental results for sound pressure and motzonal impedance of a dynamic driver, bafled and unbased.

E1JGINEEPUNG REPORTS The "Acwstic Resistance Boxw-A Fresh Look at an Old Principle ...... Thomas J. Holmes A woofer, mounted zn a box with a resistive port, produces a unidzrectional response. The combination is particularly adaptable for use with motconal feedback.

A PqebmxwticaHy Optimized Loudspeaker . . Kenneth L. Kantor and Alexander P. de Koster The tdeal loudspeaker must deliver both a correct first-arriual s~gnaland a correct arnb~ent szgnal, adjustable and suztably delayed. A system of direct and ambzent radiators approaches this ideal.

LETTERS TO THE EWTOR Cwments on "Three-Level Tone Test Signal for Setting Audio Levels" ...... Don Dav~s Author's Reply ...... A. N. Th~ele

CORRECTlOblS Cerrwtion to "Type 1 and Type 2 Errors in the Statistical Analysis of Listening Tests" ......

FEATURES Olst cewenCign Repwt ...... h~~s...... Prqyam ...... Wswr AES Officers 1S5-1987 ...... 1#7 AES International Sections Directory ......

DEPARTMENTS brbwd Awstical P&ts ...... 1000 Membership Information ...... Mws of the Wtions ...... 1053 In Memoriam ...... Sound Track ...... 1056 Call for Papers-AES 2nd Regional Upceclzing Wings ...... 1056 Convention, Tokyo, 1987 ...... New Products and Developments ...... 1057 Index to Volume 34 ...... Available Literature ...... 1060 Convention Schedule ......

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