Audio Engineerin6 Society

JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERIN6 SOCIETY

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 112 JANUARYIFEBRUARY 1977

ARTICLES Impulse Testing and Peak Clipping ...... D. Preis 2 Analysis of Decoupled-Cone Loudspeakers ...... James M. Kates 15 Acoustical Impedance, and the Theory of Horns and of the Phonograph (Reprint) ...... Arthur Gordon Webster 24

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS Ambience-Related Transmission Systems ...... Hans Lauterslager and Peter H. C. Nuyten 29 Instrument Isolation for Multiple Track Recording ...... M. Rettinger 34

FORUM Far-Field Placement of Mono Microphones ...... James B. Lee 38

DEPARTMENTS

Standards Update: IEC Meeting Sound Track ...... 70 Notes, Ottawa Meeting ...... 40 Upcoming Meetings ...... 71 56th Convention Preview ..... 44 News of the Sections ...... 72 56th Technical Sessions ..... 48 Membership Information ...... 74 56th Exhibit Previews ...... 55 Membership Form ...... 79

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz I?.A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Aud~oEngineerlng Society. Volume 25, No. 112, JanualyFebruaty 1977. Published monthly except JanuatylFebruary and Juy!August when publ~shed bl-monthly. by the Audlo Englneerlng Soc~etyand supplled to all members In good standing. Pubiicat~onand Executive Offices, Lincoin Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N Y 10017. Second class postage pald at New York, N Y and at addlllonai ma~llngoffices Subscrlpt~onlo nonmembers. $35.00 domestic. $45 00 forelgn. All materlai published In thls journal IS copyr~ghtedc, 1977 by the Aud~oEnglneerlng Soclety and all rights reserved Inquiries should be sent to the Pubitcat~onsOffices at the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark In the Unlteci States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUD10 ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO d ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 3 MARCH 1977 ARTICLES Fast Room Acoustic Analyzer (FRA) Using Public Telephone Line and Computer T. Ken Matsudaira, Tadasni Takise, Keisuke Sekiguchi, and Osarnu Yamaguchi ...... 92 A Dynamic Noise Reducer for Sum-Difference Multiplex Systems ...... Richard C. Cabot 95 PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS The RCA Quadulator ...... G. A. Bogantz and J. F. 'flells 99 Communication System for a Performing Arts Center ...... Philip B. Clark and David R. Torrey 106 COMMUNICATIONS Transistors Can Sound Better Than Tubes ...... Dwight 0. Monteith, Jr,, and Richard R. Flowers 1 16 Comments on "Transistors Can Sound Better Than Tubes" ...... Russell 0. Hamm 119 FORUM Comments on "The Use of Fibrous Materials in Loudspeaker Enclosures" ...... J. Catrysse 121 Reply to Comments on "The Use of Fibrous Materials in Loudspeaker Enclosures" ...... L. J. S. Bradbury 122 Teaching the Physics of Hi-Fidelity (Reprint) Kenneth W. Johnson, Willard W. Walker, Raiph Harper, and Arthur Adams 322 FEATURE Am I Too Loud? (A Symposium on Rock Music and Noise-Induced Hearinghoss) ...... 126 DEPARTMENTS Upcoming Meetings ...... 151 Shopping the Audio Market .. 159 News of the Sections ...... 152 Available Literature ...... 162 Sound Track ...... 156 Membership Information ..... 163 In Memoriam ...... 167

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 8.Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg StocRmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Editorjal Associate Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 8. Blesser M. B. Gardner 9. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W,Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood 4. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen d. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Aud~o Eng~neer~ngSociety. Volume 25, No 3, March 1977. Published monthly except JanuarylFebruary and .lulylAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Aud~oEngineer~ng Society and supplied to all members ingoodstanding Publication avd Executive Offices, Lincoln Bullding, 60 Easi42na Streel. New York. N.Y !OOl7. Second class postage paid at New York, N Y and at additional mailing offices Subscription to nonmembers. $35.00 domestic. $45.00foreign All rnaterlal published in this journal is copyrighted @ 1977 by the Audio Engineering Society and all rights reserved. Inqutries should be sent to the Publ~cationsOff~ces at the address above. She "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' and lts cover design have been registered as a trademark In the Unrted States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 4 APRIL 1977

ARTICLES A Method for Measuring Transient Intermodulation Distortion ...... Eero Leinonen, Matti Otala, and John Curl 170 Slewing Distortion in Digital-to-Analog Conversion ...... Dennis M. Freeman 178 Public Address Systems (A Reprint) .... I. W. Green and J. P. Maxfield 184

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS Localization of Lateral Phantom Sources .... G. Thiele and G. Plenge 196 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Moving Sound Image in the Theaters ...... Juhani Borenius 200 Dewitt F. Morris Admissions

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents. 204 Sound Track ...... 246 Audio-Past, Present and Future: News of the Sections ...... 250 57th Convention Preview .... 214 Upcoming Meetings ...... 253 57th Exhibit Previews ...... 218 Available Literature ...... 254 57th Convention Exhibitors .. 244 Membership Information ..... 258

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKn'ight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 25, No. 3, March 1977. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offlces, Lincoln Butldlng, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mall~ngoffices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 foreign. All material published in this journal 1s copyr~ghted@ 1977 by the Audlo Englneerlng Soclety and all rights reserved. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publications Offices at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark In the United States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 5 MAY 1977

ARTICLES Floating-Point Encoding for Transcription of High-Fidelity Audio Sig- nals ...... Francis F. Lee and David Lipschutz 266 Tracing Distortion Correction ...... E. G. Trendell 273 A Low-Noise High-Output Capacitor Microphone System ...... Richard S. Burwen 278

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS A Novel Approach to Linear Phase Loudspeakers Using Passive Crossover Networks ...... Erik Bzkgaard 284 Design Problems of High-Level Cone Loudspeakers ...... John R. Gilliom, Paul L. Boliver, and Lucia C. Boliver 294 A Microprocessor-Controlled Digital Waveform Generator ...... Steven Christiansen 299

FORUM More on Problems of the Sections ...... Bruce Lowell 31 0

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents 312 Sound Track ...... 354 56th Convention Report ..... 316 Shopping the Audio Market .. 355 56th Convention Exhibitors .. 330 Available Literature ...... 359 56th Convention Program ... 332 Membership Information ..... 361 News of the Sections ...... 346 Call for Papers-58th Con- Upcoming Meetings ...... 353 vention, New York, 1977 ... 367

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 8. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Carnras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neerlng Soc~ety,Volume 25, No. 5, May 1977 Publ~shedmonthly except JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Society and supplled to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, L~ncolnBullding, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at add~tionalmailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestlc: $45.00 foreign. Ail material publ~shedin this journal is copyr~ghted 1977 by the Audlo Englneerlng Soclety and all rights reserved, lnqulr~esshould be sent to the Publ~cationsOffices at the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' and its cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the Linlted States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 6 JUNE 1977

ARTICLES The Application of Digital Techniques to the Measurement of Loudspeakers ...... J. M. Berman and L. R. Fincham 370 The Dynamic Vibration Absorber Principle, Applied to a High-Quality Phonograph Pickup ...... Allen R. Groh 385

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS A New Set of Vented Loudspeaker Alignments ...... W. J. J. Hoge 391 An Almost Locked Oscillator for Electronic Music Synthesis ...... JarnesG.Simes 394 A Patchable Electronic Music Percussion Synthesizer ...... BrentGabrieisen 395

COMMUNICATIONS Criteria for ~vaiuatingSurround-Sound Systems . . Michael A. Gerzon 400

DEPARTMENTS Standards Update ...... 410 Sound Track ...... 424 Review of Acoustical Patents . 412 News of the Sections ...... 428 Law of the First Shopping the Audio Market . . 432 Wave Front ...... 420 Available Literature ...... 436 Upcoming Meetings ...... 423 Membership Information ..... 438 Membership Form ...... 446

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Ha~eyManaging Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Editorial Associate Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Reckling hausero J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Aud~oEngineering Soc~ety,Volume 25, No 6, June 1977 Publ~shedmonthly except Januaryifebruary and JulyiAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Aud~oEng~neer~ng Soc~ety and supplied to all members In good stand~ng Publlcat~onand Executive Off~ces.L~ncoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N.Y 10017. Second class postage pad at New York, N.Y. and at additional ma111ngoffices Subscrlpt~onto nonmembers, $35.00 dornest~c.$45.00 forelgn. All rnaterlal published In thls journal 1s copyrighted @ 1977 by the Aud~oEngineer~ng Soclety and all rlghts resewed lnqulrles should be sent to the Publlcat~onsOff~ces at the address above. The "Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society" and ~tscover deslgn have been reg~steredas a trademark 1r1 Ihe Umted States Patent Office JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 25 PlUMBER 718 JULYIAUGUST 1977

PAPERS A Proposed AM Stereo Broadcasting System ...... Hirotaka Kurata, Shozo Koshigoe, and Susumu Takahashi 450 Carrier Crosstalk Considerations in the CD-4 System ...... C.RogerAnderson 460 Suppression of Slew-Rate and Transient Intermodulation Distortions in Audio Power Amplifiers ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 466 Improving the Stereo Headphone Sound Image ...... M. V. Thomas 474

ENGINEERING REPORTS The Design of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Acoustics Research Laboratory ...... Richard C. Cabot and Henry E. Breed 479

COMMUNICATIONS How to Fool the Ear and Make Bad Recordings ...... Svein Erik Bgrja 482

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "A Dynamic Noise Reducer for Sum-Difference Multiplex Systems" (R. C. Cabot, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 95-98 [March 19771) ...... Jerry Mintor 492 ...... Glenn White 492 Author's Reply ...... Richard C. Cabot 492

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents 494 News of the Sections ...... 534 57th Convention Report ..... 498 Shopping the Audio Market .. 536 57th Convention Exhibitors .. 512 Available Literature ...... 538 57th Convention Program ....,514 Membership Information ..... 539 The Bark Heard 'Round the In Memoriam ...... 547 World ...... Oliver Berliner 528 Call for Papers-59th Con- Upcoming Meetings ...... 533 vention, Hamburg, Germany 548

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. ihomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal ofthe Audio Engineering Society, Volume25, No. 718, JulylAugust 1977. Published monthly except JanuarylFebruary and July/August when puMished bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineerlng Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y 10017. Second class postage pald at New York. N.Y. and at additbnal mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 foreign. All material published in this journal is copyrlghted @ 1977 by the Audio Engineering Society and all rights reserved. lnqulries should be sent to the Publications Offices at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Soclew and its cover design have been registered as a trademark In the United States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUD10 ENGINEERING SOCIETY

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 1977

PAPERS The Aspects of Low-inertia Tone-Arm Design ...... Peter Rother 550 Creating Source Elevation lllusions by Spectral Manipulation ...... P. Jeffrey Bloom 560 New Mobile Sound Reinforcement System for the Metropolitan OperalNew York Philharmonic Orchestra Park Concerts ...... Alex Rosner and Larry S. King 566 The Function and Design of Horns for Loudspeakers (Reprint) ...... C. R. Hanna and J. Slepian 573

JO~~G.McKnight Wilfi Studer ENGINEERING REPORTS A Multiplexed Ftemote-Control System ...... David M. Jacobson and Richard N. Crowley 586 Dewitt F. Morris Admissions A Polyphonic Music Synthesizer Utilizing Master Programmed John M. Eargfe Awards Electronic Synthesis Modules for Each Key ...... Lee Fergclson 592 trving L. Joel Convention Policy Peter K. Burkowitz Education Arthur E. Gruber F~nance Donald J. Plunkett Historical DEPARTMENTS Emil L. Torick Laws & Resolutions Donald J. Plunkett Library Review of Acoustical Patents 596 Upcoming Meetings ...... 633 Dewitt F. Morris Membership Audio Advances at the Waldorf News of the Sections ...... 634 Duane H. Cooper Nominations 58th Convention Preview .... 603 Sound Track ...... 638 58th Convention Exhibitors . . 606 Available Literature ...... 640 John G. McKnight Publications Policy 58th Exhibit Previews ...... 608 Membership Information ..... 642 John M. Eargle Standards G. Aflan Ballantine Sustaining Memberships Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRbiTION Robert 0.Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director Journal Special Publicat/ons Manager, Jacqueline Harvey lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Subscr~pt~ons/Ad~ettising Abbie J. C~henEditorial Associate Publications Assistant Margaret McLaughlin Administrative Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant Assfstant, Membership Services Rita Snyder Administrative Assistant, Accounting REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas 10017~(21 2-661 -8528) Manuscripts, editorial. M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick advertising and subscrtpt~oncorrespondence D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. won Reckliwhausert should be addressed to Editorial Office (212- L. J. T. Mullin J. G. Wsodward 661 -2355) at above address Regional Offices: J. M. Eargle D. Klepper Europe Office; Europe Region: Zevenbundersiaan 14U9, 8-1 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belg~um.United Journal of the Aud~oEng~neer~ng Soc~ety, Volume 25. No 9, September 1977 Pubi~shedmonthly except JanuaryfFebruary Kingdom Office; British Section, Audio Engl- and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Soc~etyand suppl~edto all members In good starding. neerfng Society Ltd , 32 Knoll R~se,Orpington, Publlcatlon and Executive Offlces. Llncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y. 10017. Second class postage pa~d at New York, N.Y. and at additional matllng offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domest~c:$45.00 fore~gn.All Kent BR6 OEL. Enaland JaDan Office; Japan materlal published In this journal is copyrighted @ 1977 by the Audio Engineerlng Soc~etyand all r~ghtsreserved lnqulrtes should be sent to the Publtcations Offtces at the address above The 'Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover des~gnhave been reg~steredas a trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE RUDlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS * '

VOLUME 25 NUMBER 1011 1 OCTOBERINOVEMBER 1977

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdanald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Ed~tor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calatnusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 6. Blesser M. 6. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

The autnors of this Centennial Issue were each invited to write and contribute an arlicle in a specific subject area Since the nature of these aricles is different from the usual tecnn~caland profess.onal papers pubished regularly in thedournal of the Aud!o Engtneenng Soc~ety,I: was declded that the Centennial lssue was to be published under the editorial direction of a guest editor. The editor~alrespons~bil~ty for thrs Issue ,was accepted by the guest editor.

Journal o' the Audio Engineering Society Volbme 25 No 10 11 October November 1977 Published nonthly except January February and July August when published b-monthly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplea to all members in good standing Publication and Executive Offices Llncoln Build~ng60 East 42nd Street Nea York N Y 10017 Second class pos'age paid at New York N Y ard at additronal rna~llngoffices Subscript~on!o nonmembers $35 00 domestic $45 00 foreign All material published in t'lis]ournal is copyrighted 1977 by the Audio Engineering Society and all rights reserved Inquiries should be sent to the Publications Offices at the address above The Journal of the Audlo Englneerlng Soclety and its cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark in :he United States Patent Office

CONTENTS

FOREWORD Before the Phonograph ...... Warren Rex lsom 656

SECTION IIHISTORICAL Introduction: A Wonderful Invention but not a Breakthrough ...... Warren Rexlsom 657 Edison and his Contributions to the Record Industry . Walter L. Welch 660 Emile Berliner, Eldridge Johnson, and the Victor Talking Machine Company ...... Edgar Hutto, Jr. 666

SECTION IIITECHNOLOGY Introduction: The Technology of the Record Industry-Perfection Without Notice ...... Warren Rex lsom 674 Microphones for Recording ...... Harry F. Olson 676 Loudspeakers ...... John Eargle 685 Studios and Studio Equipment ...... John Borwick 689 Magnetic Recording for Original Recordings ...... John 1.Mullin 696 Record Manufacturing: Making the Sound for Everyone ...... Joseph C. Ruda 702 Record Materials Part I: Chemical Technology in the Edison Recording lndustry ...... LeahS.Burt Part 11: Evolution of the Disc Talking Machine ...... Warren Rex lsom

Part Ill: Vinyl Compound for the Phonographic lndustry . S . K. Khanna The High-Fidelity Phonograph Transducer ...... B . B. Bauer Record Changers. Turntables. and Tone Arms-A Brief Technical History ...... JamesH.Kogen Electronic Home Music Reproducing Equipment ...... Daniel R. von Recklinghausen Home Music Reproducing Equipment-Performance and Styling ...... M.L.Alexander

SECTION IIIITHE INDUSTRY Introduction: Great Music for All and for All Occasions ...... WarrenRexlsom The Graphic Arts and the Record Industry ...... Lewis Garlick The Record Industry in the United States ...... Stephen Traiman The Record Industry in Europe ...... Peter Jones The Record Industry in Latin America ...... George M. Tavares Far East-Problems and Growth Potential ...... Tokugen Yamamoto - The Recording Industry in Japan ...... Toshiya lnoue Mechanical Sound Recording in Czechoslovakia ...... Jiri Struska Corroboree and Other Music ...... Ray Darnell The SECTION IVIINNOVATIONS Phonograph Introduction: Before the Fine Groove and Stereo Record and Other Innovations ...... Warren Rex lsom and The LP and the Single ...... William S . Bachman The Coming of Stereo ...... H. E. Roys Sound Recording Magnetic Tape Recording- Reels. Cassettes. or Cartridges? After ...... 0scarP.Kusisto

The Jukebox. the Radio and the Record ...... A . G . Bodoh One-Hundred Quadraphony- A Review ...... J . G . Woodward Years Electronic Music ...... Robert A . Moog

SECTION VITHOSE WHO CREATE WARREN REX ISOM Guest Editor Introduction: The Art of Becoming a Creative Member of the Record Industry Has Become a Science ...... Warren Rex lsom The Audio Engineer-Circa 1977: What Does He (or She) Do? ...... DeWittF.Morris

Recording. Art of the Century? ...... Peter K. Burkowitz The Musician and the Record ...... Emil L. Torick The Great Artists ...... John F. Pfeiffer

Records of the Future ...... Thomas G . Stockham. Jr . 100 Years of Phonography ...... H.-W. Steinhausen THE WHITE HOUSE RECORD LIBRARY ...... REVIEW OF SOCIETY'S SUSTAINING MEMBERS ...... ABOUT THE AUTHORS ...... THE AES: Its Function and Development ...... JOURNAL OF THE

Emil L. Torick President John G. McKnight President-Elect AUDIO E161HEER116 SOCIETY Geoffrey M. Langdon Vice President, Eastern Region Robert 9. Schulein Vice President, Central Regron C. Dale Manquen Vice Pres~dent,Western Region VOLUME 25 NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 1977 Raymond E. Cooke Vice President, Europe Region Stephen F. f emmer V~cePresident, PAPERS International A Catalog of Frequency and Transient Responses ...... D. Preis 990 Donald W. Powers Secretary Measuring the Constants of Ear Simulators ...... M. D. Burkhard 1008 The Singapore National Stadium Sound System ...... J. Jacek Figwer 1016 Eddy Currents in Composite Laminations (Reprint) BOARD OF GOVERNORS ...... E. Peterson and L. R. Wrathall 1026

ENGINEERING REPORTS Application Considerations for IC Data Converters Useful in Audio Signal Processing ...... Walter G. Jung 1033 Tracking Measurement Techniques for Compressors, Expanders, Limiters, ...... Craig C. Todd 1039

COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN A Uniform Track-Positioning and Dimensioning System for E. R. Hanson 1041 Howard M. Durbin Admissions Magnetic Recording ...... Duane H. Cooper Awards Irving L Joel Conventron Policy Peter K. Burkowitz and DEPARTMENTS Geoffrey L. Wilson Education 58th Convention Report .... 1046 Shopping the Audio Market . 1094 Arthur E. Gruber Finance 58th Convention Exhibitors . 1058 Ava~lableLiterature ...... 1096 Donald J. Plunkett Historical 58th Convention Program .. 1060 Membership Information ... 1098 John G. McKnight Laws & Resolutions AES Officers 1977178 ...... 1078 In Memoriam ...... 1106 John M. Woram Membership News of the Sections ...... 1084 Index to Volume 25 ...... 1107 Warren Rex lsom Nominations Upcoming Meetings ...... 1091 Call for Papers-60th Con- Han Tendeloo Publications Policy Sound Track ...... 1092 vention, Los Angeles, 1978 1115 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards G. Allan Ballantine Sustaining EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert O. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Hawey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Editorial Associate Publicatrons Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitr R. A. Moog D. R von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Aud~o Englneerlng Soclety. Volume 25, No. 12, December 1977. Published monthly except JanualyiFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Society and suppl~edto all members In good stand~ngPubllcatlon and Executive Offlces, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y and at add~tzonalrnail~ng offlces. Subscr~ptionto nonmembers, $35.00 domestic. $45.00 fore~gn.All mater~alpublished ~nth~s journal 1s copyrighted (Q 1977 by the Aud~oEng~neerlng Society and all r~ghtsreserved. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publications Off~cesat the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and lts cover design have been registered as a trademark In the Unlted States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO EH6lHEER1Hli SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS/ APP~~CATIONS-- - -

VOLUME 26 NUMBER 112 JANUARYIFEBRUARY 1978

PAPERS The Ghent Microphone System for SQT\lQuadraphonic Recording and Broadcasting ...... Benjamin B. Bauer, Louis A. Abbagnaro, Daniel W. Gravereaux, and Trevor J. Marshall 2 Correlation of Andia Distortion Measurements ...... Eero Leinonen and Matti Otala 12 Impulse Response of the Pickup Arm-Cartridge System ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz 20 ENGINEERING REPORTS An Economical Digitally Controlled Audio Level Indicator ...... Richard C. Cabot 36 The Use of the Phase Vocoder in Computer Music Applications ...... James A. Moorer 42

COMMUNICATIONS Mathematics and Sound Perception Michael A. Gerzon 46

STANDARDS Digital Audio Standards ...... 52 Sampling Frequency Considerations ...... Robert J. Youngquist 54 A Review of Digital Audio Techniques ...... Martin Willcocks 56 Some Criteria for the Selection for Sampling Rates in Digital Audio Systems ...... Alastair Heaslett 66

DEPARTMENTS 59th Convention Preview Upcoming Meetings ...... 96 Audio Highlights in Hamburg . 74 News of the Sections ...... 98 Preliminary Program ...... 77 Sound Track ...... 102 Exhibitors ...... 80 Membership Information .... 104 Exhibit Previews ...... 82 In Memoriam ...... 112 EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0.Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Editorial Associate Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Holtywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. An. Villchur J. M. Eargle B. i. Klepper U. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Soc~ety.Volume 26, No 1.2, January'February 1978 Published monthly exceot JanbaryiFebruary and July,August when pubiished bi-monthly, by the Audio Eng~neerln~Society and supplied to all members n good standing Publ~cationand Executive Offices. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York N.Y 10017 Second class postage pald ai New York. N.v and at additionai maillng offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35 00domestic. 545 00 foreign. All mater!al publishea in this journal is copyrighted ,c1978 by the Audio Engineer~ngSoclety and ail rights resewed. nquries should be sent to the Publicarions Officesat the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover design have been registered as a trademark In the United Stsies Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

VOLUME 26 NUMBER 3 MARCH 1978

PAPERS Time-Delay Spectrometry investigation of Regenerative Sound Systems ...... Cecil R. Cable 114 A Simplified Equalization Analyzer ...... William R. Bevan 120

The Horn Louds~eakerRe~rint Series:- - . - - - - -. -~-- Discussion of "The Function and Design of Horns for Loudspeakers" (C. R. Hanna and 4. Slepian, Reprint, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 573-585 iSe~t.19771) -, Introductibn ...... John K. Hilliard 130 A High-Efficiency Receiver for a Horn-Type Loudspeaker of Large Power Capacity ...... E. C. Wente and A. L. Thuras Introduction ...... John K. Hilliard 139

ENGINEERING REPORTS Optical Measurement of Loudspeaker Driver Large Signal Displacement ...... John E. Weaver and W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 145 Passive Crossover Networks for Noncoincident Drivers ...... Siegfried H. Linkwitz 149

COMMUNICATIONS Fuzzy Alternatives ...... Richard C. Heyser 151

STANDARDS StandardsNews ...... 154

DEPARTMENTS A Survey of Educational Available Literature ...... 178 Opportunities in Audio .... Upcoming Meetings ...... 181 ...... Geoffrey L. Wilson 160 Membership Information ..... 182 AES Education Questionnaire . 165 In Memoriam ...... 196 News of the Sections ...... 168 The Audio Engineering Shopping the Audio Market . . 174 Society Bylaws ...... 197

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Hawey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications 6ngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner 9. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Heciclingnausen 8). H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper 8. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 26, No. 3, March 1978. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and JulyiAugustwhen publishedbi-monthly, by the Audio EngineeringSociety and suppl~edto all members In good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscriptionto nonmembers,$35.00 domestic: $45.00 foreign. All material published in this journal 1s copyrighted 1978 by the Audio Engineering Society and all rights reserved. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publ~catlonsOfflces at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Offce. JOURNAL OF THE RUD10 EHGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS VOLUME 26 NUMBER 4 APRIL 1978

PAPERS Low-Frequency Response Calibration of a Multitrack Magnetic Tape Recording and Reproducing System ...... John G. McKnight 202

Side-Fringing Response of Magnetic Reproducing Heads . A. van Herk 209 A Comparison of Measured and Calculated Fringing Response of Multi- track Magnetic Reproducers ...... Jan Melis and Bauke Nijholt 212

ENGINEERING REPORTS The Use of Boron for High-Frequency Dome Loudspeakers . .K. lshiwatari, N. Sakamoto, H. Kawabata, H. Takeuchi, and T. Shimizu 217 A Music Listening System ...... T. E. Lynch 221 Precision Pan Pots ...... Richard C. Cabot 227

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR More Comments on "A Dynamic Noise Reducer for Sum-Difference Multiplex Systems" (R. C. Cabot, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 95-98 [March 19771) ...... Michael A. Gerzon 229

STANDARDS Report of the AES Digital Audio Meeting ...... John G. McKnight 232 Comments on "Technical Factors to be Standardized" (J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 26, p. 54 [Jan./Feb. 19781) ...... P. K. Burkowitz 232 Sampling Frequency Considerations...... Masahiro Kosaka 234 User's Note on Digital Audio Standard Code and Procedures, Opera- tional Requirements ...... P. K. Burkowitz 242

Sampling Frequency Consideration ...... K. Tanaka and Y. lshida 248 Sampling Frequency Considerations in Digital Audio Standards ...... Teruo Muraoka, Yoshihiko Yamada, and Masami Yamacak~ 252

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents . 258 Sound Track ...... 292 60th Convention Preview .... .265 News of the Sections ...... 295 Exhibitors ...... 268 Available Literature...... 298 Exhibit Previews ...... 272 Membership Information ...... 300 Upcoming Meetings ...... 291 Membership Application ...... 310

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Golden berg Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Edirorial Assistant REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. 1. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neer~ngSoclety, Volume 26. No 4, Apr~l 1978. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly. by the Audlo Englneerng Socety and suppl~edto ail members In good stand~ng Publ~cat~onand Execut~veOff~ces, Llncoln Bulld~ng.60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 10017 Second class postage paldat New York. N Y and at addltlonal malllngoffices Subscrlptbon to nonmembers, $35 00dornest1c.$45 00 forelgn All material published In thls~ournalIS copyrighted (c! 1978 by the Audlo Englneer~ngSoclety and all r~ghtsreserved. lnqulrles should be sen1 to the Publ~cat~onsOff~ces at the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and 11scover des~gnhave been reg~steredas a trademark In the Un~ted States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING------SOCIETY------AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 26 NUMBER 5 MAY 1978

PAPERS Transient Distortion in Feedback Amplifiers ...... Peter Garde 314 Electronic Detection of Acoustic Feedback and Automatic Sound System Gain Control ...... Eugene T. Patronis, Jr. 323 Methods of High-Quality Recording and Reproducing of Music and Speech Based on Telephone Research (Reprint) ...... J. P. Maxfield and H. C. Harrison Introduction ...... John K. Hilliard 327

ENGINEERING REPORTS Evaluation of Acoustic Systems Utilizing Correlation Techniques ...... John E. Jacobs and Chau T. Lee 343 Quadraphonic Broadcasting of the Filarmonica De las Americas in Mexico ...... Benjamin B. Bauer and Gustavo Cota 356

COMMUNICATIONS A Shuffleboard Experiment of Time-Delay Effects in Loudspeakers ...... GaryC.Gillum 361

STANDARDS Standards News

DEPARTMENTS 59th Convention Report 1978 AES International Section Audio Internationals Meet ....366 Directory ...... 396 Exhibitors ...... 372 Upcoming Meetings ...... 403 Program ...... 375 Available Literature ...... 404 Shopping the Audio Market ...392 Membership Information ..... 406 In Memoriam ...... 41 6

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M.'R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neer~ngSoclety, 'Volume 26, No 5, May 1978. Publ~shed monthly except January'February and July#Augustwhen publ~shedb-monthly by the Aud~oEngineer~ng Socety and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicat~onand Executive Off~ces,Lincoln Bu~dng,60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second classpostagepa~dat NewYork N Y and at addlt~onalrnaillng offices Subscr~pt~onto nonmembers $35 Oodomest~c$45 00 forelgn All material published In thls journal 1s copyrighted @ 1978 by the Audlo Englneer~ngSoclety and all r~qhtsreserved lnqurles should be sent to the Publications 0ff1ceiat the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' and ts cover desgn have been registered asa trademark n the Unted States Patent Off~ce JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 26 NUMBER 6 JUNE 1978

PAPERS VOSIM-A New Sound Synthesis System ...... Werner Kaegi and Stan Tempelaars Harmonic Distortion in a Class of Linear Active Filter Networks ...... Peter J. Billam ENGINEERING REPORTS A Program for the Hewlett Packard HP 97 to Assist Sound System Designers ...... William D. Symmes Flanging and Phasers ...... W. M. Hartmann A Broadcast Monitor Loudspeaker of Small Dimensions ...... W. J. J. Hoge The Effect on Speech Words of Modulating the Temporal Pattern of Infinitely Clipped Speech ...... Alex I. K. Menkiti LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Suppression of Slew-Rate and Transient Intermodulation Distortions in Audio Power Amplifiers" (W. Marshall Leach, Jr., J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 25, no. 718, pp. 466-473 [JulylAugust]) ...... Peter Garde Author's Reply ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr.

STANDARDS Standards News ......

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents . 463 Shopping the Audio Market ...480 MAC '78 ...... 468 Available Literature...... 482 Sound Track ...... 474 Membership Information ...... 484 News of the Sections ...... 476 Call for Papers-6lst Con- Upcoming Meetings ...... 479 vention, New York ...... 495

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0.Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochrnal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 26 No 6 June 1978 Published monthly except JanuarylFebruary and July August when published bi-monthly by the Audio Englneerlng Society and supplied to all members in good standing Publcat~onand Executive Offices Lincoln Building 60 East 42nd Street New York N Y 10017 Second class postage padat NewYork N Y andat additional mailing offlces Subscription to nonmembers $35 00domestic $45 00 forelgn All materlal published In thls journal is copyrighted 1978 by the Audlo Engineering Soclety and all rights reserved Inquiries should be sent to the Pubiicatlons Offices at the address above The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Soclety and its cover des~gnhave been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office JOURNAL OF THE AUD10 EH611EER116 SOCIETY

VOLUME 26 NUMBER 718 JULYIAUGUST 1978

PAPERS Groove Deformation and Distortion in Recordings ...... D. A. Barlow and G. R. Garside 498 Three-Dimensional Displays for Demonstrating Transient Characteristics of Loudspeakers ...... Tsutomu Suzuki, Takashi Morii, and Sumitaka Matsumara 51 1 Auditory Perspective-Loudspeakers and Microphones (Reprint) ...... E. C. Wente and A. L. Thuras Introduction ...... John K. Hilliard 518

ENGINEERING REPORTS Loudness Compensation: Use and Abuse ...... Tomlinson Holman and Frank Kampmann 526 Computer-Aided Computation of Room Resonances ...... RichardC.Cabot 537 A Note on Loudspeaker Impeijance and Its Effect on Amplifier Distortion ...... Paul W. Klipsch 547

BRIEFS: Digital Audio Some Notes on Digital Audio Topics ...... Martin Willcocks 549 Incremental Floating-point Coding ...... Peter R. Samson 556 A High-Performance Digital Audio Recorder...... John A. McCracken 560

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ...... F. A. Beliis and G. W. McNally 562 Correction to: "Sampling Frequency Considerations" ...... StephenM.Hockstein 562 Erratum to: "Sampling-Frequency Considerations in Digital Audio" ...... T. Muraoka et al. 562

DEPARTMENTS 60th Convention Report ...... 564 News of the Sections ...... 592 Exhibitors ...... 570 Shopping the Audio Market ... 594 Program ...... 572 Membership Information ...... 596 Upcoming Meetings ...... 591 AES Annual Report ...... ,600

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdanald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. 8. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen I. Thomas R. C. Cabot W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper T. Holman J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle P. Kantrowitz D. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journal of rhe Audio Engineering Society, Volume 26. No 718, JulylAugust 1978. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and JulyIAugust when publ~shedbi-monthly, by the Audto Engineering Society and supplied to all members In oood stand~na Publication and Execut~veOfftces, Llncoin Buildlnq, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N.Y 10017 Second - 'I%,(,jtaqepao st Ken. I'.r<. h '1 snc auu r cra -a rqcllcda S~oscrr)i ( 'I luc,unroemnrr.. $35 00u~mestr. ti5 GO fore cn A I-ate. a DL.:, bttro III 111 s o-rnal $ cn?/r," ~r'teo - 1978 Oy tne AL~u Elis neer ng Sot el{ drio at rqnls reservea lnqulr~esshould be sent to the Publ~cat~onsOff~ces at the address above. The ' Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover destgn have been regstered as a trademark In the Unted States Patent Offlce JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGlNEERlNG SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLlCATlONS

VOLUME 26 NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 1978

PAPERS Slope Distortion and Amplifier Design ...... Peter Garde 602 Vibration Patterns and Radiation Behavior of Loudspeaker Cones...... F. J. M. Frankort 609 An Effective Mechanopneumatic Shock Mount for a Dynamic Microphone ...... Terry R. Locke 623 The Manta-Ray Horns...... Clifford A. Henricksen and Mark S. Ureda 629

ENGINEERING REPORTS Measurement of Cutter Heads by Pulse-Train Methods ...... Teruo Muraoka, Hideo Onoye, and Kaoru Totsuka 635 On Several Standards for Converting PCM Signals into Video Signals...... Toshitada Doi, Yoshikazu Tsuchiya, and Akira Iga 641

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "The Function and Design of Horns for Loudspeakers" (C. R. Hanna and J. Slepian, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 573-585 [Sept. 19771; Discussion, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 26F+p. 130-138 [Mar. 19781) ...... Paul W. Klipsch 650 Comments on "A Novel Approach to Linear Phase Loudspeakers Using Passive Crossover Networks" (E. Baekgaard, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 284-294 [May 19771) ...... W. Marshall ieach 650 ...... W. J. J. Hoge 650 Author's Reply ...... Erik Baekgaard 652 STANDARDS Standards News ...... 656

DEPARTMENTS In Search of Blumlein: The Upcoming Meetings...... 711 Inventor Incognito News of the Sections...... 712 ...... P. B. Vanderlyn 660 Sound Track...... 716 61st Convention Available Literature...... 720 Preview ...... 672 Membership Information ...... 722 Exhibitors...... 674 Call for Papers-62nd Cnnven- Exhibit Previews ...... 676 tion, Brussels, Belgium .....736

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Hatvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Publications Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. 6. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen I. Thomas R. C. Cabot W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick M. Camras J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper T. Holman J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle P. Kantrowitz D. Preis J. G. Woodward

Journai of the Audio Engineer~ngSoc~ety, Volume 26, No. 9, September 1978 Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and JulyiAugust when published bl-monthly. by the Audio Engineer~ngSociety and supplledto ail members in good standlng Publ~cat~onand Executive Off~ces,Llncoin Bu~ld~ng,60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 1001:. Second class postage pa~dat New York, N Y and at addit~onalma~i~ng offlces Subscription to nonmembers. $35 00domestic. $45 00 forelgn. Ail materlal published in th~sjournal IS copyrighted 1978 by the Audlo Engineering Soclety and all rlghts reserved inqulrles should be sent to the Pubiicat~onsOff~ces at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover design have been reg~steredas a trademark In the Unlted States Patent Off~ce. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS VOLUME 26 NUMBER 10 OCTOBER 6 978

Editorial ...... Robert 0. Fehr 738 Digitization of Audio: A Comprehensive Examination of Theory, Implementation, and Current Practice...... Barry A. Blesser 739 Introduction ...... 739 2.5 Differential PCM 1. Generalized Analog-to-Digital Conversion ...... 750 Conversion ...... 740 2.6 Delta Modulation...... 753 1 .I Quantization Error ...... 740 2.7 Adaptive Strategies ...... 754 1.2 Discrete Time Sampling ...740 2.8 Critical Summary ...... 755 1.3 Complete Conversion 3. Performance of Real System ...... 742 Conversion Systems ...... 755 1.4 Signal-teQuantization 3.1 Quantization Accuracy. .... 756 Error Ratio ...... 742 3.2 Peak Overload ...... 757 1.5 Quantization Noise...... 743 3.3 Input Low-Pass Filter ...... 757 1.6 Benign Quantization 3.4 Input Sampler ...... 759 Noise ...... 744 3.5 Bandwidth and 2. Architecture of Conversion Accuracy ...... 762 Systems ...... 745 3.6 Output Sample-Hold ...... 763 2.1 PCM Conversion 3.7 Output Low-Pass Filter .... 764 Systems ...... ,745 3.8 Error Budget and 2.2 Specialized Conversion Summary ...... 766 Systems ...... 746 4. Testing and Standards ....768 2.3 Floating-point Converters . . 746 Appendix ...... ,768 2.4 Nonlinear Conversion Acknowledgment ...... ,769 Systems ...... 750 References ...... 770

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Impulse Response of the Pickup Arm-Cartridge System" (Stanley P. Lipshitz, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 26, no. 112, pp. 20-35 [Jan./Feb. 4 9781) ...... Jacob Rabinow 772 Author's Reply ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz 774

DEPARTMENTS Review of Society's Sustaining Shopping the Audio Market ... 804 Members ...... 781 Available Literature...... 808 Sound Track ...... 798 Membership Information ...... 81 2 Upcoming Meetings ...... 798 Call for Papers-63rd Con- News of the Sections ...... 800 vention, Los Angeles ...... 821 Membership Form ...... 822 EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis, Special Publications Assistant Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Joan P. Goldenberg, Special Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Associate Publications Assistant

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small 6. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick M. Camras T. Holman J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz D. Preis E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society, Volume 26, No. 10, October 1978. Published monthly except JanuarylFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bimonthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Llncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Subscript~onto nonmembers, $35.00 domest~c;$45.00 foreign. All material published in this journal is copyr~ghted@ 1978 by the Audlo Eng~neeringSoclety and all rights reserved inqulrles should be sent to the Publications Off~cesat the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the United States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE - John G, McKnight President Peter K. Burkowitz President-Elect Geoffrey M. Langdon Vice President, Eastern Region AUDIO EIGlHEER116------SOCIETY------Robert B. Schulein Vice President, Central AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Region C. Dale Manquen Vice President, Western Region VOLUME 26 NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER 1978 Raymond E. Cooke Vice President, Europe Region Stephen F. Temmer Vice President, international PAPERS Donald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. G~berTreasurer Computer-Aided Loudspeaker System Design Part 1: Synthesis Using Optimization Techniques ...... G. J. Adams 826 Donald J. Plunketl Executive Director Audio Recording Tapes Based on Iron Particles . A. A. van der Giessen 838 A Study of Theatre Loud Speakers and the Resultant Development of the Shearer Two-way Horn System (Reprint) ...... John K. Hilliard BOARD OF GOVERNORS Introduction ...... Don Davis 843 Dividing Networks for Loud Speaker Systems (Reprint) Duane H. Cooper John K. Hilliard and H. R. Kirnball Howard M. Durbtn ...... Introduction ...... Don Davis 850 Thomas M. Hay, Ill Warren Rex lsom ENGINEERING REPORTS Bradley Pfunkett Han Tendeloo Automatic Assembly-Line Testing of Cartridges ...... Ernst Frandsen 856 Emil L. Torick Considerations on Providing Audio Coverage in Television Production Geoffrey L. Wilson Studios ...... Bruce Lowell 863 John M. Woram COMMUNICATIONS COMMITFEE CHAIRMEN On the Need for a Standard Method for Primary Calibration of the Frequency and Wavelength Response of a Magnetic Tape Reproducer Howard M. Durbin Admissions ...... John G. McKnight 867 Warren Rex fsom Awards C. Dale Manquen Convention Policy STANDARDS Geaffrey L. Wilson Education Arthur E. Gruber Finance Standards News ...... 872 Donald J. Plunkett Historical Peter J. Burkowitz Laws & Resolutions DEPARTMENTS John M. Woram Membership Review of Acoustical Patents . 882 News of the Sections ...... 896 Emil L. TorickNominations AES Officers 1978179 ...... 886 Sound Track ...... 904 Han Tendeloo Publications Policy Theory and Practice in Shopping the Audio Market ...908 Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sectional Audio Education: Experience Upcoming Meetings ...... 91 1 Concepts of a Recent Graduate Available Literature ...... 91 2 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards ...... Mark R. Gander 890 Membership Information ...... 91 4 Raymond E. Cooke Sustaining Memberships Werner H. Freitag Tekrs EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson E3itor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Manager, Journal S~ecialPublications Subscript~onsIAdvertis~ng lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis, Special PuDiications Assistant Margaret McLaughiin Administrative Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Joan P. Goldenberg, Special Assistant, Membership Services Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Associate Publications Assistant Rita Snyder Administrative Assistant, Accounting REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small SOCIETY C0MMUNICATK)NS B. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY R. C. Cabot J. M. Hol!ywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 7001 7 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, edito- M. Camras T. Holman J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen rial, advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz D. Preis E. M. Villchur Office 121 2-661-2355) at above address. J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White Regional Offices: ~kopeOffice; Europe E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder J. G. Woodward Region; Zevenbunderslaan 142J9, 6-1 190 Vorst, Brussek, Belgium. United Kingdom Journal of the Audb Engineering Society, Volume 26, No. 11, November 1978. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary Office; British Section; Audio Engineering and JulylAugust when published bimonthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Second class Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rise, Orpington, Kent postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers: $45.00 (surface mail); $75.00 BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan (airmail, direct deli~e~).All material published in this journal is copyrighted @ 1978 by the Audio Engineering Society and ail Section; 76 Japan Audio Society, Mori Bldg., rlghts reserved. Inquiries should be sent to the Publications Offices at the address above. t4-34 Jingumae I-chome, Shibuya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclety" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United Tokyo 150, Japan. States Patent Offce. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

C. ale Manquen Vfce Presrdent, Western VOLUME 26 NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 1978 Region Raymond E. Cooke Vice Presrdent, Europe Regron PAPERS Stephen F. Temrner Vice President, Internatronal Com uter-Aided Loudspeaker System Design Part 2: Determination Donald W. Powers Secretary of gystem Power Ratings and Some Design Examples Using Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer Optimization Techniques ...... G. J. Adams 922 How the Magnetic Characteristics of a Magnetic Tape Head Are Affected Donald J. Plunkett Executrve D~rector by the Gap Length and a Conducting Spacer...... John G. McKnight 930 Improvement of the Noise Characteristics of Amplifiers for Magnetic BOARD OF GOVERNORS Transducers ...... Jean M. Hoeffelman and Rene P. Meys 935 Duane H. Cooper Howard M. Durbin ENGINEERING REPORTS Thomas M. Hay, Ill Individual-Track Erase System for a Multitrack Instrumentation Warren Rex lsom Recorder...... Dwight E. Cornstock and Edward A. Roberts 940 Bradley Plunkett Han Tendeloo Design of a Studio-Quality Condenser Microphone Using Electret Emil L. Torick Technology Geoffrey L. Wilson ...... William R. Bevan. Robert 5. Schulein, and Charles E. Seeler 947 John M. Woram The Human Finger-A Versatile Electronic Musicai Instrument Component...... Robert A. Moog 958 COMMllTEE CHAIRMEN Howard M. Durbin Adrnrssrons STANDARDS Warren Rex lsom Awards Standards News...... 962 C. Dale Manquen Conventron Policy Geoffrey L. Wilson Educatron AES Standards and Technical Committees Procedures Arthur E. Gruber Frnance ...... John G. McKnight 968 Donald J. Plunkett Hrstorical Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resolutrons DEPARTMENTS John M. Woram Membershrp Emil L. Torick Nomrnatrons The AES Comes of Age Sound Track ...... 1008 Han Tendeloo Pubbcations Pohcy ...... Donald J. Plunkett 970 Upcoming Meetings ...... 1009 Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sectronal 6lst Convention Report ..... 978 Shopping the Audio Market .. 1010 Exhibitors ...... 984 Membership Information 101 Concepts ..... 2 Program ...... 986 In Memoriam ...... 1016 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards News of the Sections ...... 1006 Index to Volume 26 ...... 1020 Raymond E. Cooke Sustarning Membershrps Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Manager, Journal Special Publications Subscrrpt~onslAdverfisrng lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis, Specia: Publications Assistant Margaret McLaughlinAdrnrnrstratrve Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Joan P. Goldenberg, Special Assrsfant, Membership Semces Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Associate Publications Assistant Rita Snyder Admrnrstrative Assrstant, Accountmg REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS B. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address Audfo Englneer~ng Soc~ety,60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 10017 (2f2-661-8528) Manuscr~pts,edito- M. Camras T. Holman J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen rral, advertis~ngand subscr~pt~oncorrespondence should be addressed to Editorial D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz D. Preis E. M. Villchur Office (212-661-2355) at above address J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White Regional Offices: Europe Office, Europe E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder J. G. Woodward Region, Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belglum. United Kingdom Journal of the Audlo Eng~neerlngSoclety. Volume 26, No 12. December 1978. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary Office, Brltrsh Sect~on,Audlo Engrneenng and JulyIAugust when publlshed bimonthly, by the Audlo Eng~neertngSoclety and supplied to all members ~ngood Soelety Ltd , 32 Knoll Rlse, Orp~ngton,Kent stand~ng Publlcatlon and Executtve Off~ces.Lincoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street. New York, NY 10017. Second class postage pa~dat New York. NY and at addit~onalmalllng offlces Subscr~ptionto nonmembers. $45 00 (surface mail); $75.00 BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office, Japan (s~rrnn~l.dtrcct delivery) All material publlshed in thls~ournalIS copyr~yhttrl'CJ 1978 by the Audio Englneering Society and all Sect~on,C/o Japan Audlo Soclety, Mor~Bldg., rtghts reserved lnqulrles should be sent to the Publicat~onsOff~ces at the address above $4-34 J~ngumae 1-chome, Sh~buya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and lts cover des~gnhave been registered as a trademark in the ilnlted Tokyo 1SO, Japan. States Patent Office OFFICERS 1978-79 JOURNAL OF THE John G. McKnight President Peter K. Burkowitz Presrdent-Elect Geofi'rey #.Lafigdoc \/:cc PresWezt, Ezstern AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Regton AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Robert 6. Schulein Vice Presrdent, Central Region C. Dale Manquen Vice Presrdent, Western Region VOLUME 27 NUMBER 112 1979 JANUARYIFEBRUARY Raymond E. Cooke Vtce President, Europe Reglor1 Stephen F. Temmer Vice President, lnternatronal President's Message ...... John G. McKnight 2 Donald W. Powers Secretarv Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer PAPERS Donald J. Plunkett Executrve D~rector Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Phonograph Stylus ...... Lawrence R.Happ. . 3 Equalization Filter for Eardrum-Pressure Recording Using a KEMAR OF BOARD GOVERNORS Manikin ...... Mead C. Killion 13 Duane H. Cooper The Acoustic Design of Talks Studios and Listening Rooms (Reprint) Howard M. Durbin ...... C.L.S.Gilford 17 Thomas M. Hay, Ill Warren Rex lsom ENGINEERING REPORTS Bradlev Plunkett Han ~indeloo Precision Sound-Image-Localization Technique Utilizing Multitrack Emil L. Torick Tape Masters Geoffrey L. Wilson ...... T. Mon, G Fuj~k~,N Takahashi, and F Maruyama 32 John M. Woram A Real-Time Digital Processor for Disk Mastering Lathe Control ...... Frank H~rschand Stephen F. Temmer 39 Audio-Visual Design and Room Acoustics for the ~oardRoom, Part 1 -% COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN ...... Glen M. Ballou 44 Howard M. Durbin Admissions Warren Rex lsom Awards C. Dale Manquen Convention Policy DEPARTMENTS Geoffrey L. Wilson Education AES Technical Committees 62nd Convention Preview ...... 61 Arthur E. Gruber Flnance and Technical Council ...... 50 Preliminary Program ...... 62 Donald J. Plunkett Histortcal AES Policy on Standardiza- Exhibitors ...... 66 Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resoluttons tion ...... 52 Exhibit Previews...... 68 Legal Guidelines for Technical News of the Sections ...... 90 John M. Woram Membershrp Committees and Engineering Sound Track ...... 92 Emil L. Torick Nominat~ons Standardizati~nActivities Upcoming Meetings ...... 94 Han Tendelm Pwbl~cationsPoltcy of the AES ...... 54 Available Literature...... 96 Arthur E. Gruber Reg~onal&Sectronal Membership Intormation. ... 98 Concepts Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Raymond E. Cooke Sustaining Memberships EDITORIAL STAFF Werner H. Freitag Tellers Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert O. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Ed~tor, I Journal Special Publications Jacqueline Harvey Manager, lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis, Special Publications Assistant SubscriptionsiAdvertis~ng Abbie J. Cuhen Assoc~ateEditor Joan P. Goldenberg, Special Margaret McLaughlin Adminrstratlve Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Associate Publications Assistant Assistant, Membership Semces Rita Snyder Adminrstrative Asststanf, REVIEW BOARD Accountrng J. R. Ashley M. 5. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small B. Blesser R. C. Heyser 4. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge 4. G. McKnight 1. Thomas J. M. Ho?ywosd R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Headquarters address Audio Engineering 8. C. Caboi Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY M. Camras T. Holman J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen 10017 (212-661 -8528) Manuscr~pts,edito- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz D. Preis E. M. Villchur rial, advert~slngand subscrlptlon correspondence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White Office (212-661 -2355) at above address E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder .1. G. Waodward Regional Offices: Europe Office, Europe Reg~on,Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 8-1 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgrum. United Kingdom Journal of the Audlo Eng~neerlngSoclety, Volume 27. No. 112, 1979 :anuary/February. Published monthly except Office, British Sect~on,Audlo Englneerrng JanuaryIFehrt~aryand JulylAugust when published bimonthly, by the Audlo Engtneerlng Soclety and supplied to ail members Society Ltd , 32 Knoll Rise, Orpington, Kent In good standing. Publication and Executive Offices. ilvcoln Sulld~ng.60 East 42nd Street. New York. NY 10017 BR6 OEL, England Japan Office; Japan Second-class postage pald at New York, NY and at additionai rnalllng offces. Subscr~pt~onto nonmembers: $45.00 (surface YO mail). $75.00 (a~rmall,direct delnery). All mater~alpublished in this Journal IS copyr~ghted1r1 1979 by the Audlo Eoglneerlng Sectron, Japan Audio Society, Mor~Bldg., Society and all r~glltsreserved. lnquirles should be sent to the Publicattons Office at the address above. 14-34 Jlngumae I-chome, Shlbuya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society.' and 11s cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark in the United Tokyo 150, Japan. States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 27 NUMBER 3 1979 MF,RCH

PAPERS Magnetic Design Theory for Tape Recorder Heads . . John G. McKnight 106 Measurement of FM Distortion in Phonographs Donald W. Powers Secretary ...... James V. White and Arthur J. Gust 121 Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer The Use of Linear Prediction of Speech in Computer Music Applications ...... James A. Moorer 134 Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director A Low Frequency Horn of Small Dimension (Reprint) ...... Paul W. Klipsch 141

BOARD OF GOVERNORS ENGINEERING REPORTS Duane H. Cooper CCIRIARM: A Practical Noise Measurement Method Howard M. Durbin ...... Ray Dolby, David Robinson, and Kenneth Gundry 149 Thomas M. Hay, Ill The Stereo-180 Microphone System ...... Lynn T. Olson 158 Warren Rex lsom Bradley Plunkett LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Han Tendeloc Emil L. Torick More About "Groove Deformation and Distortion in Records" Geoffrey L. Wilson (D. A. Barlow and G. R. Garside, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 26, no. 718, John M. Woram pp. 498-51 0 [I 978 JulyIAugust]) ...... D. A. Barlow 164 Applause for Loudspeaker Series ...... Ted Uzzle 164 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN On Courtesy to Convention Session Chairmen ...... J. Robert Ashley 164 Howard M. Durbin Admissions STANDARDS Warren Rex lsom Awards Standards News ...... 166 C. Dale Manquen Convention Policy Geoffrey L. Wilson Education DEPARTMENTS Arthur E. Gruber Finance Donald J. Plunkett Historical Competition and Technical Exhibitors ...... 198 Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resolut~ons Innovation: The Continuing Exhibit Previews ...... 201 John M. Woram Membership Search for That "Better News of the Sections ...... 230 Emil L. Torick Nominations Mousetrap" ..... D. I. Baker 178 Sound Track ...... 232 Han Tendeloo Publications Policy Review of Acoustical Patents 192 Upcoming Meetings ...... 234 Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sectional 63rd Convention Available Literature...... 234 Concepts Preview ...... 196 Membership Information ...... 238 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Raymond E. Cooke Sustaining Memberships EDITORIAL STAFF Werner H. Freitag Tellers Harry F. Olscm Ed;:c? Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Ha~eyManaging Editor, ADMlNlSTRATlON Journal Special Publications Jacqueline Harvey Manager, lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis, Special Publications Assistant Subscriptions/Adverfising Abbie J. Cohen Associate Editor Joan P. Goldenberg, Special Margaret McLaughlin Administrative Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Assor' .C Publications Assistant Assistant, Membership Services Rita Snyder Adminrstrative Assistant, REVIEW BOARD Accounting J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small B. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNlCATlONS R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas J. M. Hol!ywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Headquarters address. Audio Englneerlng R. C. Cabot Soclety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY M. Camras T. Holman J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen .fir.- ma P. c.-4 nr"0, ax,...... *- A.4.*,. lUU l / (L IL-OO I-OJLO) IVl(ll lU3U 1pL3, WUILU- D. H. Cooper P. Kanirowiiz D. Preis E. M. viiicnur rial, advertising and subscr~ptioncorrespon- dence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White Off ice (212-661-2355) at above address E. J. Foster D. i. Kiepper M. H. Scnroeder J. G. if\loodwara Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe Region; Zevenbunderslaan 14219, B-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium United Kingdom Journal of the Audio Enqineerinq Society (ISSN 004-7554 X). Volume 27. No. 3. 1979 March. Published monthly except Office, British Section; Audio Engineering Jan~aryFebruary and -~lyA~g~st wnen pdbtlsnea b montn~y~y the Addlo Eng~neerlngSoc~ety and sJpplleato a1 memDers In Soclety Ltd., 32 Knoll Rlse, Orp~ngton,Kent uood stand no Puol~catonana Exec~t~veOHms -1ncotn B-1.0 no 60 East 42na Street Nee Vorr NY 10017 Second c~ass postage paid-at New York. NY and at additional malllng olflces. Subscription to nonmembers. $45.M) (surface mall); $75.00 BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office, Japan (alrmall, dlrea delivery). All material published in thls Journal is copyrighted 1979 by the Audio Englneerlng Society and all Sectlon; Japan Audio Society, Morl Bldg , rights reserved. lnqulries should be sent to the Publicalions Office at the address above. 14-34 Jlngumae l-chome, Sh~buya-ku, The "Journal of the Audlo Englneerlng Soclsty" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark In the Un~ted Tokyo 150, Japan. States Patent Office. ------

OFFICERS 1978-79 JOURNAL OF THE John G. McKnight Pres~dent Peter K. BurkowitzPresrdent-Elect Geoffrey M. Langdon Vlce Presrdent, Eastern Region AUDIO ENGIN EERING SOCIETY Robert B. Schulein Vice Presrdent, Central AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Reoron" VOLUME 27 NUMBER 4 1979 APRIL C. Dale Manquen Vrce Presrdent, Western Region PAPERS Raymond E. Cooke Vlce Presrdent, Europe Three FM Methods for Measuring Tracking Angles of Phono Pickups Region ...... James V. White and Arthur J. Gust 242 Stephen F. Temmer Vrce Pres~dent, Digital Waveshaping Synthesis ...... Marc Le Brun 250 lnternatronal Sound Levels and Spectra of Rock Music Donald W. PowersSecretary ...... Richard C. Cabot, C. Roy Genter II, and Thomas Lucke 267 Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer ENGINEERING REPORTS Donald J. PlunkettExecut~veDrrector A Vibration-Stabilizer System for Phonograph Reproduction ...... C.RogerAnderson 285 A Novel Precision Testing Technique for Intensive Care BOARD OF GOVERNORS Instrumentation...... , ...... W. H. Buchsbaum 291 Duane H. Cooper LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Howard M. Durbin Comments on "A Preliminary Evaluation of 360-Degree Concert Thomas M. Hay, Ill Halls" ...... J. Robert Ashley 295 Warren Rex lsom Comments on "A Method for Measuring Transient Intermodulation Bradley Plunkett Distortion (TIM)" (E. Leinonen, M. Otala, and J. Curl, J. Audio Eng. Hanfendeloo Soc., vol. 25, pp. 170-177 (1977 April]) ...... Robert R. Cordell 295 Emil L. Torick Authors' Reply ...... Matti Otala, Eero Leinonen, and John Curl 296 Comments on "Correlation of Audio Distortion Measurements" (E. Leinonen and M. Otala, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 26, pp. 12-19 11978 JanuaryIFebruaryl) ...... Robert R. Cordell 297 Authors' Reply ...... Eero Leinonen anti Matti Otala 298 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Comments on "Computer-Aided Loudspeaker System Design Part 1: Synthesis Using Optimization Techniques" (G. J. Adams, J. Audio Eng. Howard M. DurbinAdmrssrons Soc., vol. 26, pp. 826-837 11978 November]) ...... Ross Macdonald 300 Warren Rex IsomAwards .J. Corrections to "Slope Distortion and Amplifier Design" C. Dale Manquen Convent~onPolrcy ...... P.Garde 302 Geoffrey L. Wilson Educat~on Correction to "AES Technical Committees and Technical Council" ... Arthur E. Gruber Finance 302 Correction to "CCIR/ARM: A Practical Noise-Measurement Method" Donald J. Plunkett Hrstorrcal ...... R. Dolby, D. Robinson, and R. Gundry 302 Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resolutrons John M. Woram Membershrp DEPARTMENTS Emil L. Torick Nominabons Review of Acoustical Patents.. 305 Sound Track ...... 320 Han Tendeloo Publrcat~onsPolrcy Hiring in the Audio Industry: Shopping the Audio Market ... 326 Arthur E. GruberRegional& Sectional "You May Be an Engineer, But Available Literature...... 330 Concepts Can You Drive the Train?" Upcoming Meetings ...... 331 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards ... B. Plunkett and D. G. Fink 308 Membership Information ...... 332 Raymond E. CookeSustarnrng Memberships News of the Sections ...... 317 In Memoriam ...... 336 Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Manager, Journal Special Publications SubscriptionsiAdvertrsing lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela DavisSpecial Publications Assistant Margaret McLaughlinAdrninistrat/ve Abbie J. CohenAssociate Editor Joan P. Goldenberg Special Assrstant, Mernbershrp Servrces Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Associate Publications Assistant Rita SnyderAdminrstrat~veAssrstant, Accountrng REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H. Small SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS B. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I.Thomas Headquarters address. Aud~oEngineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L.Torick 10017 (212-661-8528). Manuscr~pts,edtto- M. Camras T. Holman J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen rial, advert~slngand subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz D. Preis E. M. Villchur Office (212-661-2355) at above address. J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White Regional Offices: Europe Office, Europe E. J. Foster 0. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder J. G. Woodward Reg~on;Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 6-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belg~um.United Kingdom Journal of the Audio Englneerlng Society (ISSN 0047554 X). Volume 27, No. 4, 1979 Aprll Published monthly except Office, Brit~shSect~on, Audro Engrneer~ng JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when publ~shedblrnonthly, by the Aud~oEng~neer~ng Society and supplled to all members Soclety Ltd., 32 Knoll Rlse, Orp~ngton,Kent In good stand~ng.Publicat~on and Execut~veOfflces, Llncoln Bu~ldlng,60 East 42nd Street. New York. NY 10017 Second- BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan class postage pald at New York, NY and at add~t~onalmalllng off~cesSubscr~pt~on to nonmembers, $45 00 (sllrface mall). $75 00 (alrrnail, d~rectdelivery). All rnaterlal published In thls Journal 1s copyr~ghted(c; 1979 by the Aud~oEnglneer~ng Soclety Section; C/o Japan Audio Society, Mor~Bldg., and all rlghts reserved, lnqulries should be sent to the Publ~cat~onsOfflceat the address above 14-34 J~ngurnael-chome, Sh~buya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and tts cover des~ynl~ave been registered as a trademark In the Un~ted Tokyo 150,Japan. States Patent Off~ce AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 27 NUMBER 5 1979 MAY

Loudspeaker Cabinet Reflection Effects ...... James M. Kates 338 Acoustic Specification and Design of Supreme Being Studios ...... P. S. Penner 351 The Effect of Loudspeaker Radiation Patterns on Stereo Imaging and Clarity ...... Daniel Queen 368

ENGINEERING REPORTS Accurate Measurement of Tape-Head Wear Using Isotopes ...... re Semer en380 Multidimensional Audio: Part I...... Henning Moller 386

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR The Benefits and Dangers of Standardization .....Stephen F. Temmer 394

STANDARDS StandardsNews ...... 398

DEPARTMENTS 62nd Convention Report ...... 406 Shopping the Audio Market ...438 Exhibitors ...... 41 4 Available Literature ...... 442 Program ...... 417 Upcoming Meetings ...... 445 News of the Sections ...... 430 Membership Information ...... 446 Sound Track ...... ,434 In Memoriam ...... 453 Membership Form ...... 454

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis Special Publ~cations Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa Editorial Associate

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. H.Small B. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. W. Burhans W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I.Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick M. Camras T. Holman J.T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz D. Preis E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Queen J. V. White E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper M. R. Schroeder J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 27, No. 5, 1979 May. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bimonthly, by the Audlo Engineering Society and supplied to all members In good standing. Publ~catlonand Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Second- class postage pald at New York, NY and at addltonal mailing offlces. Subscription to nonmembers, $45.00 (surface mail): $75.00 (airmail, direct delivery). All material published in this Journal IS copyrighted 1979 by the Audlo Eng~neeringSociety and all rlghts reserved. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publ~cat~onsOffice at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover design have been registered as a trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE John G. McKnight President Peter K. Burkowitz President-Elect Geoffrey M. Langdon Vice President, Eastern AUDIO ENGlNEEllNli SOEIETV--- Region AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICA'I-IONS Robert B. Schulein Vice President, Central Region C. Dale Manquen Vrce President, Western Region Raymond E. Cooke V~cePresident, Europe VOLUME 27 NUMBER 6 1979 JUNE Region Stephen F. Temmer Vice Presrdent, International Donald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer PAPERS Donald J. Plunkett Executive D~ectOr On RlAA Equalization Networks ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz 458 BOARD OF GOVERNORS Improving TV Audio at the Broadcast Transrriitter-Receiver Interface ...... DanielT.Talbot 482 Duane H. Cooper Minimum Harmonic Distortion Levels in Ideal Loudspeakers Howard M. Durbin ...... Daniel R. Raichel 492 Thomas M. Hay, IH Warren Rex lsom Bradley Plunkett ENGINEERING REPORTS Han Tendeloo Emil L. Torick Multidimensional Audio: Part 2 ...... Henning M~ller 496 Geoffrey L. Wilson Conference Systems Using Infrared-Light Techniques John M. Woram ...... H. -J. Griese 503 L COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Howard M. Durbin Adrn~ss~ons DEPARTMENTS Warren Rex lsom Awards Review of Acoustical Patents .. 508 Upcoming Meetings ...... 533 C. Dale Manquen Convention Policy 1979 AES Sections Directory. . 513 Membership Information...... 534 Geoffrey L. Wilson Education Sound Track ...... 528 In Memoriam ...... 538 Arthur E. Gruber Finance Shopping the Audio Market ...530 Call for Papers-64th Con- Donald J. Plunkett Historical Available Literature ...... 532 vention, New York ...... 539 Peter K. Burkowitz L;.ws & Resolutions John M. Woram Membersh~p Emil L. Torick Nommat~ons Han Tendeloo Publ~cationsPolicy Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sect~onal EDITORIAL STAFF Concepts Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Robert 0.Fehr Editor Raymond E. CookeSustaining Memberships Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Richard H. Campbell Technical Council Journal Special Publications Werner H. Freitag Tellers lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis Special Publications Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Assistant Gerri M. Calamusa EditorialAssociate ADMINISTRATION Jacqueline Harvey Manager, Subscript~ons/Advertis~ng REVIEW BOARD Rita Snyder Adminrstrar~veAssrstant, Accounttng J. R. Ashley M. 8. Cardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroedor Theresa Toth Adm~nistrativeAssistant, 8. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small EDPIMembership Servlces R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill f. G. Stockham: Jr. C. R. Cable ':V. J. J. Hoge J. G. NlcKnight I. Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick SOClETY COMMUNICATIONS M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen Headquarters eddress: Audio Englneerlng D. H. Coop9r P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis 10017 (212-661-8528). Manuscr~pts,edito- J. V. White rial, advertising and subscr~ptioncorrespon- E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward dence should be addresssd to Editorial Office (212-661-2355) at above address. Reglonal Offices: Europe Offlce; Europe Reglon, Zevenbunderslaan 14219, B-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belglum. United Kingdom Journal of the Aud~?Englneerlng Soclety (ISSN 0C-1-7554 X), Volume 27, No 6, 1979 June. Publisr,ed monthly except Offlce; British Sectlon; Audlo Englneering JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when published blmonthiy, by the Audio Englneering Society and suppiled to all members Societ Ltd , 32 Knoll R~se,Orp~ngton, Kent in good stand~ng Publicat~onand Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Second- class postage pald at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $45.00 (surface mail). BR6 EL, England. Japan Office, Japan $75.00 (alrmall, direct delivery). All materlal publ:shed in this Journai~scopyrighted0 1979 by the Aud~oEnglneering Soclety Sectlon; Japan Audto Soc~et Mor~Bldg., and all rights reserved. lnqulries should be sent to the Publlcat~onsOff~ce at the address above 14-34 Jingumae 1-chorne, &hlbuya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclew' and 11s cover des~gnhave been registered as a trademark in the United Tokyo 15C, Japan. States Patent Office JOURNAL OF THE RUOlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 27 NUMBER 718 1979 JULYIAUGUST

Region Stephen F. Temmer Vrce President, PAPERS lnternat~onal Long-Waveiength Response of Magnetic Heads with Beveled Outer Donald W. Powers Secretary Edges ...... Dennis A. Lindholm 542 Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer Synthesis of High-Pass Filtered Loudspeaker Systems Part I-Isolated Filters Driving Second-Order (Closed-Box) Systems Donald J. Plunkett Execut~veDlrector ...... J.E.Benson 548 BOARD OF GOVERNORS ENGINEERING REPORTS Duane H. Cooper Multidimensional Audio: Part 3 ...... Henning M~ller 562 Howard M. Durbin Suppression of Low-Level Impulse Noise ...... Richard C. Burwen 568 Thomas M. Hay, Ill Warren Rex lsom COMMUNICATIONS Bradley Plunkett Han Tendeloo Computer Program for Chebyshev C1 Loudspeaker Alignment Ripple Emil L. Torick Factor ...... JohnKing 573 Geoffrey L. Wilson Overview of Disco Sound Systems ...... Alex Rosner 576 JohnM. Woram STANDARDS COMMllTEE CHAIRMEN Standards News ...... Howard M. Durbin Admrssrons Warren Rex fsorn Awards DEPARTMENTS C. Dale Manquen Convent~onPolrcy 63rd Convention Report ...... 588 Shopping the Audio Market ... 622 Geoffrey L. Wilson Educatron Exhibitors ...... 595 Membership Information ...... 625 Arthur E. Gruber Frnance Program ...... 597 AES Annual Report...... 631 Donald J. Plunkett H~stor~ccal Sound Track ...... 61 5 Membership Form ...... 632 Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resolut~ons Upcoming Meetings ...... 617 Cali for Papers-65th Con- John M. Woram Membershrp News of the Sections ...... 618 vention, London, United Emil L. Torick Nomrnatrons Available Literature...... 620 Kingdom ...... 635 Han Tendeloo Publrcatrons Pohcy Arthur E. Gruber Regronal & Sectional Concepts Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards EDITORIAL STAFF Raymond E. Cooke Sustarnrng Membershrps Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Richard H. Campbell Technrcal Councrl Robert 8.Fehr Editor Werner H. Freitag Tellers Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Specia! Publications ADMINISTRATION lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Pamela Davis Special Publications Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Assistant Jacqueline Harvey Manager, Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor Subscr~pt~ons/Advertrs~ng Rita Snyder Admrn~stratrveAss~st~nt, REVIEW BOARD Accountrng Theresa Toth kdrnmrstrat~veAssfifant, J. R. Ashley U. B. Gardner P W. Kiipsch M. W. Schroeder EDP/A4oi?ber$hl,n Serv~cps B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kegen R. H. Sxa?! R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser .I. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge 5. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address Audlo Englneerlng R. C. Cabot Y. M. Hollywood W. a. Moog E. 8. Torick Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen 10017 (212-661-8528) Manuscr~pts,edlto- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz Y. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur rlal, advertlslng and subscrlpt~oncorrespondence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle 4. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White Office (212-66 1-2355) at above address. E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe Reglon; Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 8-1 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belglurn United Kingdom Journal of the Audlo Erlyineet~ngSociety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volurnc 27. No. 718. 1979 JulytAugust Published mnnthly Office; Brltlsh Sect~on,Audlo Englneer~ng except JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when publlshed bimonthly, by the Audlo Eng~neerlngSoclety and supplld to all Soclety Ltd., 32 Knoll Rlse, Orp~ngton,Kent members In good standing Publhcat~onand Execut~veOff~ces. L~ncoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York, NY 10017 BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan Second-class postage pad at New York. NY and at add~t~onalmatltng offices Subscr~pt~onto nonmembers, $45 00 (surface mall), $75 00 (alrma~l,d~rect delivery) All mater~alpubllshed In th~sJournal IS copyr~ghted(

Duane H. Cooper ENGINEERING REPORTS Howard M. Durbin Thomas M. Hay, Ill A Digital "Phase Shifter" for Musical Applications, Using the Bell Labs Warren Rex lsom (Alles-Fischer) Digital Filter Module ...... Michael L. Beigel 673 Bradley Plunken Han Tendeloo COMMUNICATIONS Emil L. Torick Geoffrey L. Wilson Practical and Aesthetic Microphone Techniques for Recording or John M. Woram Broadcasting Symphonic Music ...... Carson C. Taylor 677 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Comments on "Improvement of the Noise Characteristics of Amplifiers Howard M. DurbinAdmissions for Magnetic Transducers" (J. M. Hoeffelman and R. P. Meys, J. Audio Warren Rex lsom Awards Eng. Soc., vol. 26, pp. 935- 939, [I 978 Dec.]) ...... Ernst H. Nordholt 680 C. Dale Manquen Convention Policv Authors' Reply ...... J. M. Hoeffelman and R. P. Meys 680 Geoffrey L. Wilson Education Arthur E. Gruber Finance STANDARDS DonaldJ. Plunkett Historical Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resolut~ons Standards News ...... 682 John M. Woram Membership Emil L. Torick Nominations DEPARTMENTS Han Tendeloo Publications Policy Arthur E. Gruber Regional& Sectionai Review of Acoustical Patents .. 688 Upcomjng Meetings ...... 731 Concepts 64th Convention News of the Sections ...... 732 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Preview ...... 694 Sound Track ...... 734 Raymond E. Cooke Sustaining Memberships Exhibitors ...... 696 Available Literature ...... 736 RichardH. Campbell Technical Council Exhibit Previews...... 698 Membership Information ...... 738 Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0. Fehr Editor Abbie J. Cchen Senior Editor Rita Snyder Administrative Assistant, Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ Accounting lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising Theresa Toth Administrative Assistant, EDP/Membership Services REVIEW BOARD Pamela Davis Exhibits Coordinator J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address: Audio Eng~neertng R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Soclety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, ed~to- M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen nal, advertlsfng and subscr~pt~oncorrespon- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur dence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White Office (212-661-2355) at above address. - Regional Offices: Europe Offlce; Europe E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward Region; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, B-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Betglum United Kingdom Journal of the Aud~oEngineering Soc~ety(ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 27. No 9. 1979 September. Publ~shedmonthly except Office, British Section; Audlo Engineer~ng January/Februaryand July/August when published bimonthly, by the Audio Eng~neerlngSocietyandsupplled toall members Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rise, Orplngton, Kent in good standing. Publlcatlon and Executive Offices, Lincoln Build~ng,60 East 42nd Street, New York. NY 10017. Second- class postage pa~dat New York, NY and at add~t~onalmailing offices Subscrlptlon to nonmembers. $45.00 (surface mall): BR6 OEL, England Japan Office; Japan $75.00 (airmail, d~rectdelivery). All mater~alpublished In thls Journal ~scopyrighted0 1979 by the Audlo Englneerlng Soclety Sect~on,%Japan Audlo Soaety, Mor~Bldg., ana a,r yllts (esetved nqJ r,es snoJd oesentroihc P..bl cat onsol cs ar theannrossnbo\e 14-34 J~ngumael-chome, Shlbuya-ku, T'I? 'Journal of the Audio Engineering Society and 11, over des qn naic?been reg slcrod as d trademar6 ~nrne Jnltec Tokyo 150,Japan. States Patent Office OFFICERS 1978-79 JOURNAL OF THE John G. McKnight Presrdent Peter K. Burkowitz Presrdent-Elect Geoffrey MuLangdon Vice President, Eastern AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Region Robert B. Schulein Wce Presrdent, Central Regron C. Dale Manquen Wce Presrdent, Western Region VOLUME 27 NUMBER 10 1979 OCTOBER Raymond E. Cooke V~cePresrdent, Europe Regron Stephen F. Temmer Vrce Presrdent, PAPERS lnternatronal *"- - Donald W. Powers Secretary Low-Cost Alternatives in High-Quality State-Variable Filters Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer ...... DouglasC.Frey 750 Digital Synthesis of Complex Spectra by Means of Multiplication of Donald J. Plunketi Executive Director Nonlinear Distorted Sine Waves...... Daniel Arfib 757 Synthesis of High-Pass Filtered Loudspeaker Systems Part 2 -Isolated BOARD OF GOVERNORS Filters Driving Fourth-Order (Reflex) Systems (Reprint) ...... J.E. Benson 769 Duane H. Cooper Auditory Backward Inhibition in Concert Halls: The Parallelism Be- Howard M. Durbin tween Vision and Hearing Suggests New Features in Room Acoustics Thomas M. Hay, Ill (Reprint) ...... Georg Von BBk6sy 780 Warren Rex lsom Bradley Plunkett Han Tendeloo ENGINEERING REPORTS Emil L. Torick Geoffrey L. Wilson A Dropout Annoyance Measuring Apparatus "DAMA" to Check Mag- John M. Woram netic Tapes...... D. J. H. Admiraal 788 Microprocessor Mixing and Processing of Digital Audio Signals ...... G. W. McNally 793 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Howard M. Durbin Admissions Warren Rex lsom Awards STANDARDS C. Dale Manquen Conventron Polrcy Standards News ...... 804 Geoffrey L. Wilson Education Arthur E. Gruber Frnance Donald J. Plunketi Historical Peter K. Burkowitz Laws & Resolutrons DEPARTMENTS John M. Woram Membershrp Review of Acoustical Patents . ,808 Sound Track ...... 836 Emil L. Torick Nomrnatrons Review of Society's Sustaining Upcoming Meetings ...... 840 Han Tendeloo Publ~cationsPolrcy Mlembers ...... 81 6 Shopping the Audio Market. ..842 Arthur E. Gruber Regronal & Sectronal News of the Sections...... 834 Available Literature ...... 846 Concepts Membership Information...... 847 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Raymond E. Cooke Sustarnrng Memberships Richard H. Campbell Technrcal Councrl Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Rita Snyder Admmrstrative Assrstant, Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ Accountrng lngeborg M. Stochmal copy Editor Advertising Theresa Toth Adminrstrative Assistant, EDP/Membersh~pServices REVIEW BOARD Pamela Davis Exhrb~tsCoordrnator Ann Smyth Convention/Conference J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder Coordinator B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address. Aud~oEng~neerlng R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Soc~ety,60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen 10017 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, edlto- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Vtllchur rial, advertis~ngand subscrlptlon correspondence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White Office (212-661-2355) at above address. E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe Reglon; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, 8-1 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belglum United Kingdom Journal of the Aud~oEng~neer~ng Soclety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 27, No 10, 1979 October Published monthly except Office; Brltlsh Section; Audio Eng~neerlng JanuaryiFebruary and JulyiAugustwhen publ~shedb~monthly, bythe Aud~oEng~neer~ng Soc~ety and suppl~edto all members Soc~etyLtd., 32 Knoll R~se,Orp~ngton, Kent In good standlng Publlcatlon and Executive Olflces, Llncoln Bulld~ng,60 East 42nd Street. New York. NY 10017 Second- class postage paid at New York, NY and at additional malllng off~cesSubscr~pt~on to nonmembers. $45 00 (surface mall). BR6 OEL, England Japan Office, Japan $75.00 (alrmall, d~rectdelivery). All material publ~shedIn thls Journal ~scopyrlghtedf> 1979 by the Audlo Englneering Soclety Sectlon, % Japan Aud~oSoc~ety, Mor~ Bldg , and all rlghts reserved lnqulrles should be sent to the Publ~catlonsOff~ce at the address above 14-34 Jlngumae 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover design have been registered as a trademark In the Unlted Tokyo 150, Japan States Patent Office. AUDIO I ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS

Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. Wce Presrdent, Western Regron VOLUME 27 NUMBER 11 1979 NOVEMBER J6rg Sennheiser Vice Presrdent, Europe Region Raymond E. Cooke Vrce Presrdent, lnternatronal PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE John J. Bubbers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer The Challenge of the Eighties Peter K. Burkowitz 854

Donald J. Plunkett Executive Drrector PAPERS BOARD OF GOVERNORS An All-Digital "Commentary Grade" Subband Coder Thomas M. Hay, Ill ...... J. D. Johnston and R. E. Crochiere 855 Warren Rex lsom A Unified 4-4-4, 4-3-4, 4-2-4 SQ'"Compatible System of Recording Geoffrey M. Langdon and FM Broadcasting (USW") ...... Benjamin B. Bauer 866 C. Dale Manquen Bradley Plunkett Stephen F. Temmer ENGINEERING REPORTS Han Tendeloo Maintenance Procedures for Ferrite Heads Emil L. Torick ...... C. Dale Manquen and Joe Martinson 881 John M. Woram Acoustic Feedback - Its Influence on Speech Intelligibility ...... Sverre Stensby, Asbj~rnKrokstad, and Svein S~rsdal 887 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Loudspeaker Athletics ...... Jeffrey N. White 891 Bradley Plunkett Admissrons Emil L. Torick Awards PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS C. Dale Manquen Conventron Policy Almon H. Clegg Educatron Airborne Noise: A Personal Calculator Program for A-Weighted Sound- Arthur E. Gruber Frnance Pressure Level, Noise-Rating Evaluation, and Preferred Noise Donald J. Plunkett H~stor~cal Criterion ...... Ben Bernield 899 Raymond M. Dolby Laws & Resolutrons Donald W. Powers Mernbershrp John G. McKnight Nommat~ons DEPARTMENTS Han Tendeloo Publrcatrons Polrcy Review of Acoustical Patents. ,906 Shopping the Audio Market ...938 Arthur E. Gruber Regronal & Sectronal AES Officers 1979/80...... 91 8 Upcoming Meetings ...... 939 Concepts News of the Sections...... 930 Available Literature...... 940 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Sound Track ...... 934 Membership Information ...... 942 Stephen F. Temmer Sustarnrng Membershrps Richard H. Campbell Technical Council Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Ed~torEmentus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0.Fehr Edrtor Rita Snyder Adrnrnrstrative Assrstant, Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Accounting Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising Theresa Toth Admrnistrative Assrstant, EDP/Membershrp Servrces Pamela Davis Exhrbrts REVIEW BOARD Coordrnator Ann Smyth Conventron/Conference J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder Coordrnator B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address. Aud~oEng~neer~ng R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen 10017 (212-661 -8528) Manuscripts, ed~to- rial, advert~s~ngand subscr~pt~oncorrespon- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur dence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White Office (212-661 -2355) at above 'address Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward Reg~on;Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, B-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belg~um United Kingdom Journal of the Audio Eng~neer~ngSoclety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 27, No 11, 1979 November Puhi~shedmonthly except Office; Br~t~shSection, Audro Engineering January/February and July/August when publlshed b~monthly,by the Audlo Englnecrlng Soclety and strppl~edto all members Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rlse, Orp~ngton,Kent In good stand~ngPubllcatlon and Executive Off~ces.Llncoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York. NY 10017 Second- BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office, Japan class postage pald at New York. NY arid at add~t~onalma~llng off~ces Subscrtptlon to nonmembers. $45 00 (surtace mall) $75 00 (alrmatl, d~rectdel~very) All rnaterlal publlshed In thls Journal IS copyr~ghted(<'I 1979 by the Audro Er~g~neer~ngSoclety Sect~on.% Jawan Aud~oSoc~etv. Mor~ Blda.. and all rlghts reserved lnqu~rtesshould be sent to the Publicat~onsOff~ce at the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover des~gnhave been reg~steredas a trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Offtce. OFFICERS 1979-80 JOURNAL OF THE Peter K. Burkowitz President Ray Dolby Pres~dent-Elect Erik A. Porterfield Hce Pres~dent, lUDlO ENGINEERING------SOCIETY- - - - -. - - Eastern Reg~on AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Harold F. Mosier, Jr. V~cePresldent, Central Reg~on Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. Vice Presldent, Western Regron VOLUME 27 NUMBER 12 1979 DECEMBER Jdrg Sennheiser Vrce Pres~dent,Europe Regron Raymond E. Cooke Wce President, lnternat~onal PAPERS John J. Bubbers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer On the Specification of Moving-Coil Drivers for Low-Frequency Horn- Loaded Loudspeakers...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 950 Donald J. Plunkett Executive Dlrector Acoustical Impulse Response of Interior Spaces ...... Richard G. Cann and Richard H. L.yon 960 BOARD OF GOVERNORS

Thomas M. Hay, Ill ENGINEERING REPORTS Warren Rex lsom Geoffrey M. Langdon A Triphonic Sound Reproduction System Using Coincident Micro- C. Dale Manquen phones ...... Richard C. Cabot 965 Bradley Plunkett Production Testing of Loudspeakers Using Digital Techniques Stephen F. Temmer ...... L.R.Fincham 970 Han Tendeloo A Long-Play Digital Audio Disk System Emil L. Torick ...... Toshi Tada Doi, Takashi Itoh, and Hiroshi Ogawa 975 John M. Woram Practical Solid-State Integrated Filters ...... R.R.BussandD.B.Cox 982 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Bradley Plunkett Admlssrons STANDARDS Emil L. Torick Awards C. Dale Manquen Convention Policy Standards News Almon H. Clegg Education Arthur E. Gruber Flnance Donald J. Plunkett H~stor~cal DEPARTMENTS Ray Dolby Laws & Resolutions Review of Acoustical Patents . 998 Sound Track ...... 1036 Donrrld W. Powers Membersh~p 64th Convention Report. .... 1004 Shopping the Audio Market. . 1038 John G. McKnight NominaT~ons Exhibitors...... 101 1 Available Literature ...... 1040 Han Tendeloo Publicat~onsPobcy Program ...... 1014 Membership Information .... 1041 Arthur E. Gruber Reg~onal&Sect~onal Upcoming Meetings...... 1033 Call for Papers-66th Con- Concepts News of the Sections ...... 1034 vention, Los Angeles, 1980 1045 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards index to Volume 27...... 1047 Stephen F. Temmer Sustain~ngMembersh~ps Richard H. Campbell Technrcal Councrl Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0.Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor Rita Snyder Administrative Assistant, Editor Gerri M. Calarnusa Production Ed~tor/ Accounting lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising Theresa Toth Administrative Assistant, EDP/Membership Services Pamela Davis Exhibits REVIEW BOARD Coordinator Ann Smyth Convention/Conference J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch FA. R. Schroeder Coordinator B. Blesser R. A. Greinea J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. @. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. 4. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address Audlo Englneerlng R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Tosick Soclety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY M. Camras T. Holman J. A. kloorer D. R. van Wecklinghausen 10017 (212-661-8528) Manuscripts, ed~to- rlal, advertls~ngand subscr~ptloncorrespon- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur dence should be addressed to Editorial J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White Office (212-661-2355) at above address E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. G. Woodward Regional Offices: Europe Office, Europe D. Queen Reglon, Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, 8-1 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium United Kingdom .Journalof tile Audlo Eng~neerlngSoclctv (1SSF.I 004-7554 X). Voliime 27 No 12. 1979 Cecembcr Published rnonthly except Office, Br~tlshSectlon, Audio Eng~neer~ng Jariuary~Februaryand July/A!igi~stwhen published blmonthly, by the Aiido Eiirj~~ieer~nqSociety and suppllcd to all lncnlbers Soclety Ltd , 32 Knoll R~se,Or Ington, Kent In good standlnq Publlcaton and Executive Off~ces,L~ncoln Bu~lding. 60 East 42nd Street. New York NY 10017 Secor~d~ BR6 OEL. England Japan gfiice, Japan class postage paid at New York NY and at add~tronal~na~llny oftices Subscr~ptlonto nonmembers. $45 00 Is!.+ace mail). $75 00 (alrrnail, direct delivt:ry) All ni;:terlal piiblished ~nthis Journal IS copyr\yt~led, 1979 by the udii. F~(jini-eitrlgSoclciy Sect~on,C/o Japan Aud~oSocrety, Mor~Bldg and all rights reserved Inqu~r~essho~ild bc sent!o the Publ~cat~onsOff~ce at the address abovi: 14-34 .Ilngumae I-chome, Shlbuya-ku, The 'Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' am11s cover des~gnhave been reg~steredas a trademark I: tlic Uri~ted Tokyo 150, Jspan States Went Office OF FlCERS 1979-80 Peter K. Burkowitz President Ray Dolby Presrdent-Elect Erik A. Porterfield Vice President, AUDIO I ACOUSTICSEH~HEERIIG IAPPLICATIONS SOEIETV Eastern Regron ifi Harold F. Mosier, Jr. Vice President, Central Region Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. V/ce Pres~dent, Western Region J6rg Sennheiser Wce President, Europe Region VOLUME 28 NUMBER 1/2 1980 JANUARY/FEBRUARY Raymond E. Cooke Vice President, International John J. Bubbers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer PAPERS Donald J. Plunkett Executive Drrector Feedforward Error Correction in Power Amplifiers ...... John Vanderkooy and Stanley P L~pshltz 2 BOARD OF GOVERNORS The Dependence of Loudspeaker Design Parameters on the Properties of Magnetic Fluids ...... W Bottenberg, L. Mellllo, and K Raj 17 Thomas M. Hay, Ill Warren Rex lsom Geoffrey M. tangdon C. Dale Manquen Bradley Plunkett ENGINEERING REPORTS Stephen F. Temmer JE-990 Discrete Operational Amplifier ...... Deane Jensen 26 Han Tendeloo Dipole Radiator Systems ...... R J Newman 35 Emil L. Torick Those Early Late Arrivals! Mr. Haas, What Would You Do? John M. Woram ...... Cec~l Cable and R. Curtls Enerson 40 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Bradley Plunkett Admrssions Emil L. Torick Awards DEPARTMENTS C. Dale Manquen Convention Policy Almon H. Clegg Educatron Review of \Acoustical Patents . 46 Sound Track ...... 76 Arthur E. Gruber Finance 65th Convention Preview .....54 Available Literature ...... 82 Donald J. Plunkett Hrstorical Exhibitors ...... 56 Upcoming Meetings ....83 Ray Dolby Laws & Resolutions Exhibit Previews ...... 58 Membership Information ...84 Donald W. Powers Membershrp News of the Sections ...... 74 In Memoriam .. . 93 John G. McKnight Norninatrons Membership Form ...... 94 Han Tendeloo Publications Policy Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sectional Concepts Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards EDlTORBAL STAFF Stephen F. Temmer Sustainrng Memberships Harry F. Olson Edrtor Emeritus Richard H. Campbell Technrcal Councrl Robert 0. Fehr Edrtor Werner H. Freitag Tellers Patricia M. Macdonald Managrng Abbie J. Cohen Senror Edrtor Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Productron Edrtor/ ADMINISTRATION lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edrtor Advertrsrng Rita Snyder Administrative Assrstant, Accounting Theresa Toth Admrnrstratrve Assrstant, EDP/Membershlp Services REVIEW BOARD Pamela Davis Exhibits Coordinator J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder Ann Smyth Convention/Conference B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small Coordrnator R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Headquarters address: Audto Englneertng M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, edito- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur rial, advertising and subscription correspon- J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White dence should be addressed to Editorial Office (21 2-661-2355) at above address, E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe Reg~on;Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, 8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgrurn. United Kingdom Journalofthe Audlo Engineertng Soctety (ISSN 004-7554X). Volume28. No 1/2, 1980 Januaty/February. Published monthly Office; British Section; Audio Engtneering except January/February and July/August when publlshed b~montt,ly,by the Audio Englneer~ngSociety and supplled to all Society Ltd , 32 Knoll R~se,Or ~ngton,Kent members In good standing Publ~cat~onsand Executive Offlces, L~ncoinBu~ldlng. 60 East 42nd Street. New York. NY 10017. Second-class postage pald at Ut~ca.NY Subscription to nonmembers, $45.00 (surface mall), $75.00 (alrmall, d~rectdelivery) BR6 OEL, England Japan 8ffice; Japan All rnaterlal publlshed In thls Journal ~scopyr~ghteda 1980by the Audvo Engineer~ngSoctety andall rlghts resewed. lnqulrles Section; %Japan Audlo Soclety, Mor~Bldg , should be sent to the Publ~cat~onsOfflce at the address above. 14-34 Jtngurnae 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~tscover deslgn have been regtstered as a trademark In the Unlted Tokyo 150,Japan. States Patent Offtce OFFICERS 1979-80 JOURNAL OF THE Peter K. Burkowitz President Ray Dolby President-Elect Erik A. Porterfield Vice President, AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Eastern Region Harold F. Mosier, Jr. Vice President, Central Region VOLUME 28 NUMBER 3 1980 MARCH Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. Vice President, Western Region PAPERS Jdrg Sennheiser Vice President, Europe Psychoacoustic Detection Threshold of Transient Intermodulation Region Distortion...... M. Petri-Larmi, M. Otala, and J. Lammasniemi 98 Raymond E. Cooke Vice President, A General-Purpose Digital Synthesizer ...... Peter R. Samson 106 International Which Bandwidth is Necessary for Optimal Sound Transmission? John J. Bubbers Secretary ...... G. Plenge, H. Jakubowski, and P. Schone 114 Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer ENGINEERING REPORTS Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director A Fresh Approach to Audio Console Design ...... J. C. Brown, M. K. Armstrong, A. L. Treby, and D. L. Wiilis 120 BOARD OF GOVERNORS Compatible Stereophonic Broadcasting Systems for Spatial Reproduction ...... J. J. Geluk 136 Thomas M. Hay, Ill Warren Rex lsom COMMUNICATIONS Geoffrey M. Langdon New Audio Transformations in Acoustical Transduction Based on C. Dale Manquen Optical Principles ...... George Philip Johnson 140 John G. McKnight Bradley Pfunkett LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Stephen F. Temmer More on "Loudspeaker Cabinet Reflection Effects" (J. M. Kates, J. Han Tendeloo Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 27, pp. 338- 350 11979 May]) ....James M. Kates 150 Emil L. Torick Comments on "Practical and Aesthetic Microphone Techniques for Recording or Broadcasting Symphonic Music" (C. C. Taylor, J. Audio COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Eng. Soc., [Communications], vol. 27, pp. 677- 679 11979 Sept.1) ...... MichaelNemo 150 Bradley Plunkett Admissrons Author's Reply to Comments on "Practical and Aesthetic Microphone Emil L. Torick Awards Techniques for Recording or Broadcasting Symphonic Music" C. Dale Manquen Conventron Pohcy ...... CarsonC.Taylor 150 Almon H. Clegg Education Arthur E. Gruber Finance STANDARDS Donald J. Plunkett Historrcal Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 67, pp. 357- 360, 1980 ...... Ray Dolby Laws & Resolutions January) 152 Donald W. Powers Membershrp DEPARTMENTS John G. McKnlght Nornrnations Review of Acoustical Patents. . 160 Sound Track ...... 194 Hen Tendeloo Publications Polrcy 66th Convention Preview ..... 164 Upcoming Meetings ...... 196 Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sectronal Exhibitors ...... 165 News of the Sections ...... 197 Concepts Exhibit Previews ...... 166 Available Literature ...... 199 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Membership Information ...... 200 Stephen F. Temmer Sustarnrng Memberships Richard ti. Campbell Technical Council EDITORIAL STAFF Werner H. Freitag Tellers Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor ADMINISTRATION Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ Rita Snyder Admrnrstratrve Assistant, lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising Accounting Theresa Toth Admmistrative Assistant, EDP/Membershrp Servrces REVIEW BOARD Pamela Davis Exhibits Coordrnator J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder Ann Smyth Convention/Conference B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small Coordinator R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Headquarters address: Audlo Eng~neerlng #. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, ed~to- D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur r~al,advertlslng and subscrlpt~oncorrespon- J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White dence should be addressed to Editorial D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward Omce (212-661-2355) at above address. E. J. Foster Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe Reglon; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, 8-1 190 Vorst, Brussels. Belg~um.United Kingdom Journal of the Audio Eng~neeringSoc~ety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 28, No. 3, 1980 March. Publ~shedmonthly Office; Brltlsh Sect~on,Audlo Eng~neerlng except January/February and July/August when publlshed bimonthly, by the Audlo Engtneerlng Society and sr~ppl~edto all Soclety Ltd., 32 Knoll R~se,Or ington, Kent members In good standing Publ~cattonsand Executive Off~ces,L~ncoln Bulldlng, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. NY 10017. Second-classpostage pa~dat Uttca, NY. Subscrlptlon to nonmembers,$45.00 (surface mall), $75.00 (alrmall, d~rectdelivery). BR6 OEL, England Japan 8ffice; Ja&n All materlal publlshed ~nth!s Journal ts copyr~ghted6 1980 by the Aud~oEnglneerlng Soc~elyand all rlghts resewed lnqulrles Sect~on,% Japan Audto Society, Morl Bldg., should be sent to the Publlcahons Offtce at the address above 14-34 J~ngumae1-chome, Shlbuya-ku, The "Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society" and ~tscover deslgn have been reg~steredas a trademark In the Untted Tokyo 150, Japan States Patent Offtce. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS VOLUME 28 NUMBER 4 1980 APRIL PAPERS Improved Real-Ear Tests for Stereophones ...... Jon R. Sank Ultra-Low-Noise Preamplifier for Moving-Coil Phono Cartridges ...... Ernst H. Nordholt and Ronald M. van Vierzen ENGINEERING REPORTS PCM Program Transmission and Communication Network for the Nor- wegian Broadcasting Corporation ...... Richard Andersen and Knut Rdnning The Shape of Recording Studios to Come ...... Michael Rettinger A New Piezoelectric Driver Enhances Horn Performance ...... JonathanR.Bost Shaped Tone-Burst Testing ...... Siegfried Linkwitz DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMllTEE REPORTS Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1979 November 4) ...... Bart Locanthi Consumer Use PCM Encoder-Decoder 1979-6 ...... International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 60: Recording Subcommittee 60A: Sound Recording ...... Questionnaire Prior to Digital Audio Standardization ...... BjornBliithgen STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 67, pp. 1083- 1.086, 1980 March) ...... AES Standards News ...... FEATURE AES: Your Professional Society and How It Works for You ...... Peter K. Burkowitz DEPARTMENTS Sound Track ...... 284 Membership Information ...... News of the Sections ...... 288 Announcing the 67th Conven- Upcoming Meetings ...... 289 tion, New York ...... Available Literature...... 290 Audio Engineering Society Shopping the Audio Market ... 291 Bylaws ...... EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abble J. Cohen Senior Editor Editor Gerri M. Caiamusa Production Editor/ lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. 6. Gardner P. W. Kllpsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. A. Grelner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGIll T. G. Stockham, Jr. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torlck M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Reckllnghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowltz J. T. Mullln E. M. Vlllchur J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. Whlte E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 28, No. 4. 1980 Aprll. Publ~shedmonthly except January/February and July/August when publlshed bimonthly, by the Audlo EnglneerlngSoc~ety and suppitedto all members in good standing. Publlcatlons and Execut~veOffices, Lincoln Bullding. MI East 42nd Street, New Yotk, NY 10017. Second-classpostage pa~dat Utica, NY. Subscription to nonmembers,$45.00 (surface mall), $75.00 (airmail, dlrectdelivery). All materlal publlshed In thls Journal IS copyrighted 01980 by the Aud~oEnglneerlng Soc~etyand all rights reserved lnqulrles should be sent to the Publications mice at the address above. The ''Journal of the Audlo Englnwrlng Soci.ty" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark In the United States Patent Office. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS VOLUME 28 NUMBER 5 1980 MAY

PAPERS The Practical Application of Time-Delay Spectrometry in the Field ...... Cecil R. Cable and John K. Hilliard 302 Amplifier- Loudspeaker Interfacing ...... R. A. Greiner 31 0 ENGINEERING REPORTS Distribution of the Phonograph Signal Rate of Change ...... Jorma Lammasniemi and Kari Nieminen 31 6 Dynamic-Range Limitations of Optical Couplers ...... W. Sansen, P. De Wit, and J. Geldhof 320 Phonograph Preamplifier Design Criteria: An Update ...... TomlinsonHolman 325 COMMUNICATIONS Acoustical Communication Theory ...... H. Mayr 331 Comments on "Acoustical Communication Theory" ... James V. White 336 Author's Reply to Comments on "Acoustical Communication Theory" ...... H.Mayr 339 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Practical and Aesthetic Microphone Techniques for Recording or Broadcasting Symphonic Music" (Carson C. Taylor, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 27,pp. 677- 679 [I 979 Sept.]) ...... Cornelius H, van der Gragt 340 Author's Reply to Comments on "Practical and Aesthetic Microphone Techniques for Recording or Broadcasting Symphonic Music" ...... CarsonC.Taylor 340 Comments on "Airborne Noise: A Personal Calculator Program for A- Weighted Sound-Pressure Level, Noise-Rating Evaluation, and Pre- ferred Noise Criterion" (Ben Bernfeld, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 27, pp. 899- 904 [I979Nov.]) ...... Josef Schoenbrun 341 Correction to "Loudness Compensation: Use and Abuse" ...... Tomlinson Holman and Frank Kampmann 341 DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents .. 342 News of the Sections ...... 384 65th Convention Report ...... 352 Available Literature ...... 385 Exhibitors ...... 359 Shopping the Audio Market ...387 Program ...... 362 Membership Information ...... 389 Sound Track ...... 382 Call for Papers-67th Con- Upcoming Meetings ...... 383 vention, New York, 1980 .....399 EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick M. Camras T. Holman J. A. Moorer D. R. von Recklinghausen D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 28, No. 5, 1980 May. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published bimonthly, by the Aud~oEng~neerlng Society and suppl~edto all members in good standing. Publlcatlons and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Second- class postage paid at Utica, NY. Subscription to nonmembers, $45.00 (surface mall): $75.00 (airmail, direct del~very).All material published in this Journal is copyr~ghted0 1980 by the Audio Engineering Society and all r~ghtsresewed. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publicat~onsOffice at the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover des~gnhave been reg~steredas a trademark In the Unlted States Patent Ofl~ce VOLUME 28 NUMBER 6 1980 JUNE

An Acoustic Power Monitor for Loudspeaker Testing ...... L A. Abbagnaro, 6 B Bauer, and E. L. Torick 402 ~ouds~eakerDriver Phase Response: The Neglected Factor in Cross- over Network Design ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr 410 Using Distortion Products to Effect Automatic Frequency Control in FM Tuners . . . Henry Akiya, Susumu Matsuoka, and Michinori Naito 422

ENGINEERING REPORTS A New PCM Audio Disk Pickup Employing a Laser Diode ...... K Okada, T. Kubo, W. Susakl, and T Sato 429 Miniature Microphone Using an Integrated Piezoresistive Pressure Transducer ...... Jon R Sank 433

PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS Calculator Program for Musical Notes . J M Bowsher 437

STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 67, pp. 1844- 1847, 1980 .. . . 444

& Resolutions DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents 452 Available Literature 466 Midwest Acoustics Conference Upcoming Meetings . . 466 . ... 456 Shopping the Audio Market 468 461 Membership Information . 470 Sound Track . . . . 464 Membership Form 478

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Ed~torEmer~tus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Product~onEditor/ Advertising

REVIEW BOARD M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. W. J. J. Hoge J. G. McKnight I. Thomas J. M. Hollywood R. A. Moog E. L. Torick T. Holman J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur P. Kantrowitz J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Kates D. Preis J. V. White D. L. Klepper D. Queen J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neerlngSoc~ety (ISSN 004 7554 X) Volume 28 No 6 1980 June Published monthly except anuary/February and July/August when published b~rnonthlyby the Audlo Engineering Soclety and suppiled to all members n good stand ng Publ~cat~onsand Executive Off~cesLlncolnBu~ld ng 60 East 42nd Street New York NY 10165 Second- class postage pad at Utfca NY Subscr~ptionto nonmembers $45 00 (surface mail) $75 00 (a~rmaild~rect del~very) All materlal published in thls Journal IS copyrlghted 1980 by thp Aud~oEng~neer~ng Socety and all rlqhts reserved lnqu rles should be sent to the Publ~cationsOff~ce at the address above The Journal of the Audlo Englneer~ngSociety and ts cover design have been reg~steredas a trademark In the Unlted States Patent Off~ce --

OFFICERS 1979-80 JOURNAL OF THE Peter K. Burkowitz Presrdent Ray Dolby Pres~dent-Elect Erik A. Porterfield V,ce Presrdent, AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Eastern Regron AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Harold F. Mosier, Jr. Vrce Presrdent, Central Regron Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. Vtce Presrdent, VOLUME 28 NUMBER 7/8 1980 JULY/AUGUST Western Regron JQrg Sennheiser Vlce Presrdent, Europe Region Raymond E. Cooke Vrce Presrdent, PAPERS lnternat~onal John J. Bubbers Secretary Acoustic Radiation of a Horn Loudspeaker by the Finite Element Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer Method -A Consideration of the Acoustic Characteristic of Horns ...... S. Morita, N. Kyono, S. Sakai, T. Yamabuchi, and Y. Kagawa 482 Donald J. Plunkett Executlve Drrector Effect of Voice-Coil and Surround on Vibration and Sound Pres- sure Response of Loudspeaker Cones BOARD OF GOVERNORS ...... Takeo Shindo, Osamu Yashima, and Hideo Suzuki 490 Thomas M. Hay, Ill ENGINEERING REPORTS Warren Rex lsom Geoffrey M. Langdon Ambiophony: Has Its Time Finally Arrived? . Herbert T. Chaudlere 500 C. Dale Manquen The MD (Minidisk) System: A Contribution to the Digital Audio Disk John G. McKnight Standard ...... Klaus Welland and Horst Redllch 510 Bradley Plunkett Stephen F. Temmer COMMUNICATIONS Han Tendeloo Emil L. Torick Digital-to-Analog Converter .... . Yasuhlro Mltsuhashl 515 PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Absorption of Sound by Air: A Personal Calculator Program Bradley Plunkett Adm~ssfons ...... Benjamin Bernfeld 521 Emil L. Torick Awards C. Dale Manquen Conventron Policy DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Almon H. Clegg Education Arthur E. Gruber Frnance Digital Audio Disk Standardization Conference (1980 February) ... 525 Donald J. Plunkett H~stor~cal Ray Dolby Laws & Resolut~ons DEPARTMENTS Donald W. Powers Membership John G. McKnight Nomrnatlons 66th Convention Report ...... 528 Upcoming Meetings ...... 560 Han Tendeloo Publ~cat~onsPohcy Exhibitors ...... 535 Shopping the Audio Market ... 561 Arthur E. Gruber Reglonal& Sectional Program ...... 538 Available Literature ...... 563 Concepts News of the Sections ...... 557 Membership Information ...... 564 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Sound Track ...... 559 In Memoriam ...... 567 Stephen F. Temmer Sustaining Memberships AES Annual Report ...... 568 Richard H. Campbell Technical Councrl Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus ADMINISTRATION Robert 0. Fehr Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Rita Snyder Admlnstrative Assrstant, Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ Accountrng lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising Theresa Toth Adminrstrative Assrstant, EDP/Membershrp Serv~ces Pamela Davis Exh,b~ts REVIEW BOARD Coordinator Ann Smyth Conventron/Conference L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. ti. Kogen M. R. Schroeder Coord~nator B. Blesser A. C. Heyser B. Locanthi R. H. Small C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address- Audio Englneer~ng M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Soctety, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur 10165 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, edlto- rial, advert~slngand subscrlptlon correspon- J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen dence should be addressed to Editorial E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White Office (212-661-2355) at above address M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Regional Offices: Europe Office, Europe Region; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, 8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belg~um.United Kingdom Jol~rnalof the Aud~oEriglneerlng Soc~ety(ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 28. No 7/8, 1980 July/August Publ~shedmonthly Office; Brdlsh Sectlon; Audio Englneertng except Januaiy/February and July/August when published bimonthly, by the Aud~oEng~neer~ng Soclety and suppl~edto all Soclety Ltd., 32 Knoll Rlse, Orplngton. Kent members In good standlng Publlcatlons and Executlve Offices, L~rlcolnBulldlng, 60 East 12nd Street. New York, NY 10165 Second-class postagepa~dat Utlca. NY Subscrlptlon to nonmembers. $45 00 (surface mall). $75 00 (alrrnall, dlrcul delivery) BR6 OEL, England Japan Office, Japan All material publ~shedIn this Journal IS copyr~ghtetic_'l 1980 by the Audto Eng~neer~ngSoc~ety and all rlghts reserved lnqlj~rles Sectlon, % Japan Audlo Soc~ety,Morr Bldg., should be sent to the Publlcatlons Off~ceat the address above 14-34 Jingumae I-chome, Shibuya-ku, The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ts cover deslgn have been reg~steredas a trademark In the Un~ted Tokyo 150, Japan States patent Office JOURNAL OF THE Peter K. Burkowitz Presldent Ray Dolby President-Elect Erik A. Porterfield V/ce Presrdent, AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Eastern Reglon AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Harold F. Mosier, Jr. V/ce Presrdent, Central Reglon VOLUME 28 NUMBER 9 1980 SEPTEMBER Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. Vrce Presrdent, Western Regron PAPERS JOrg Sennheiser Vlce Presldent, Europe On the Perception of Phase Distortion H. Suzuki, S. Morita, and T. Shindo All-Pass Crossover Systems ...... Peter Garde Reqlon ~a~mondE. Cooke Vlce Presrdent, The LEDETMConcept for the Control of Acoustic and Psychoacoustic lnternatlonal Parameters in Recording Control Rooms ... Don Davis and Chips Dav~s John J. Bubbers Secretary ENGINEERING REPORTS Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer Compatible Correcting-Matrix Quadraphonic Transmission System Donald J. Plunkett Executive Dtrector ...... G. Juhasz and E. Piret Time Offset and Crossover Design ...... Dennis G. Fink LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Dipole Radiator Systems" ...... William R. Hoffman Author's Reply ...... Raymond J. Newman Comments on "Human Stress Provoked by Digitalized Recordings" ...... NelsonMorgan Correction to "Comments on: 'Airborne Noise: A Personal Calculator Program for A-Weighted Sound-Pressure Level, Noise-Rating Evalu- ation, and Preferred Noise Criterion' " ...... Correction to "A Real-Time Digital Processor for Disk Mastering Lathe Control" ...... Correction to "Miniature Microphone Using an Integrated Piezore- sistive Pressure Transducer" ...... DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1980 May4) ...... BartLocanthi On the Sampling Rate for Digital Audio Recorders ...... Toshi T. Doi Professional Stationary-Head Recorder Questionnaire on User Re- quirements ...... Bjorn Bliithgen Answers to Questionnaire: ...... Toshi T. Doi ...... RogerLagadec ...... TetsuyaYamaguchi ...... TatsuoYamamoto STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 68, pp. 371 -373, 1980 July) ...... DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents .. 636 Available Literature ...... 67th Convention Preview...... 642 Upcoming Meetings ...... Exhibitors ...... 643 Membership Information ...... ADMINISTRATION Previews ...... 644 Call for Papers-68th Con- News of the Sections ...... 673 vention, Hamburg, Germany, Rita Snyder Admrnistrat~veAssrstant, Sound Track ...... 675 1981 ...... Accounting Pamela Davis Exhrbits EDITORIAL STAFF Coord~nator Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Ann Smyth Convention/Conference Robert 0. Fehr Editor Coordrnator Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Michael A. Gardella EDP/Membershrp Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ Services lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertisrng REVIEW BOARD SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder Headquarters address Audlo Eng~neering B. Blesser R. C. Heyser El. Locanthi R. H. Small Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. 10165 (212-661-8528) Manuscripts, edito- R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. Thomas rial, advert~slngand subscription correspon- M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick dence should be addressed to Editorial D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur Office (212-661 -2355) at above address. J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White Region; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, B-1190 M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Vorst, Brussels, Belgium United Kingdom Office; Brltlsh Sectlon; Audlo Engineering Journal of the Audlo Eng~neer~ngSociety (ISSN 004-7554 X), Volume 28, No 9. 1980 Septemher Puhllshed monthly except January/February and July/August when published hlmonthly, by the Aud~oEr~glneerlng Soc~ety and supplied to all members Society Ltd., 32 Knoll R~se,Orplngton, Kent In good standlng Puhllcatlons and Execut~veOffices, Llncoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York. NY 10165 Second- BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan class postage paid at Utlca. NY Subscr~ptionto nonmembers. $45 00 (surface mall), 175 00 (alrmall. dtrect delrvery) All Sectlon; %Japan Aud~oSoclety, Mor~Bldg , matertal publ~shedIn this Jourrlal IS copyr~yhted.c> 1980 by the Aud~oEnglneerlnq Society and all rlghts reserved lnqu~r~es should be sent to the Publications Off~ceat the address above 14-34 Jingumae 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, The "Journal Of the Audio Engineering Society" and 11s cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the Unted Tokyo 150, Japan States Patcnt Off~ce ------

AU@AUDIO / ACOUSTICS NEERING 1 APPLlcATloNs RING SOClElV

VOLUME 28 NUMBER 10 1980 OCTOBER

PAPERS The Print-Through Phenomenon ...... H. Neal Bertram, M~chaelK. Stafford, and David R. Mills 690 On lntermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Single-Amplifier Active Filters ...... Andrzej Borys 706 Sound Reinforcement Systems in Early Danish Churches ...... Dan Popescu 713 Geoffrey M. Langdon C. Dale Manquen John G. McKnight ENGINEERING REPORTS Bradley Plunkett Auditory Backward Inhibition in Concert Halls Stephen F. Temmer Jens Blaueri and G Tuttemann Han Tendeloo Three-Dimensional Diaphragm Suspensions for Compression Drivers Emil L. Torick .... Faricher M Murray and Howard M Durb~n COMMITTEE CHAfRME Bradtey Plunkett Admrssrons LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Emil L.-~orickAwards Comments on "Calculator Program for Musical Notes" B Bernfeld C. Dale Manquen Conventron Polrcy [J. M Bowsher, J Aud~oEng Soc , vol 28 pp 437-442(1980 June)] Afmon H. Cfegg Education Reproducing the Infrasonic . Dav~dH Blasetti Arthur E. Gruber F/nance Donald J. Plunkett Historrcal Ray Dolby Laws & Resolut~ons DEPARTMENTS Donald W. Powers Membershrr, John G. McKnight Nom~nations Review of Acoustical Patents . . 728 New Products and Han Tendeloo Publications Polrcy Review of Society's Sustaining Developments ...... Arthur E. Gruber Regtonal& Sectional Members ...... 734 Available Literature ...... Concepts News of the Sections ...... 750 Upcoming Meetings ...... Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Sound Track ...... 752 Membership Information ..... Stephen F. Temmer Sustamrng Memberships In Memoriam ...... 768 Richard H. Campbell Technrcal Council Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF ADMlNlSTRATlON Harry F. Olson Editor Ementus Robert 0.Fehr Editor Rita Snyder Adm~nistrativeAssistant, Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Accounting Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/ lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Advertising

REVIEW BOARD L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi R. H. Small C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. Thomas M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward

journal of the Aud~oEng~neerlnq Soc~ety (ISSN 004-7554 X). Volume 28 No 10 1980 October. Publ~shedmonthly except JanuaryfFebruary and july/August wnen publshed bmonthly, by the Audio Engneerlng Soclety and supplled to all members in good stand~ng Publcations and Executve Offlces Llncoln Buld~ng60 East 42nd Street, New York. NY 10165 second^ class postage pald at Ut~ca,NY Subscrption to nonmembers. $45 00 (sudace mall), S75.00 (alrmall, d~rectdellvery1 All material publ~shedn th~sJournal IS copyr~ghtedi_ 1980 by the ~ud~oEnglneerlng Socety and ali rghts reserved lnqulrles snould be sent to the Publcations Off~ceat the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' and its cover des~gnhave been registered as a trademark n the Unted States Patent Ofi~ce AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 28 NUMBER 11 1980 NOVEMBER

Dynamic Equalization for Loudspeakers Daniel R. von Recklinghausen 770 The Quest for Directional Microphones at RCA Harry F Olson 776 Optimum Loudspeaker Directional Patterns James M Kates 787 ENGINEERING REPORTS New Developments in Electrostatic Loudspeakers P J Walker 795 CCD Delay Lines in Audio Johan A Catrysse, Gilbert Declerck, and Christine C De Meyer 800 Low-Frequency Loudspeaker Measurements with an Accelerometer Jason Chr~stophorou 809 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on "Acoustical Impulse Response of Interior Spaces" Don Davis 817 Authors' Reply R~chardH Lyon and Richard G Cann 817 STANDARDS Standards News from JASA (Reprrnt, JASA, vol 68, pp 1004-1007, 1980 September 81 8 DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents 528 New Products and History of Women in Audio Developments 845 egional & Sectional Pam Peterson 832 Available Literature 847 News of the Sections 840 Membership Information 849 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Sound Track 842 Call for Papers-69th Con- Stephen F. Temmer Sustaln~ngMemberships Upcoming Meetings 844 vention, Los Angeles, 1981 855 Rfchard H. Campbell Technical Counctl Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF ADMINISTRATION I Harry F. Olson Editor Emerttus Rita Snyder Administrat~veAssistant, Robert 0.Fehr Edttor Account~ng Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Pamela Davis Exhibits Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editorl Coordinator lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edltor Advertis~ng Ann Srnyth ConventionlConference Coordinator REVIEW BOARD Michael A. Gardella EDPlMembership L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder Services B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi R. H. Small C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. Thomas Headquarters address. Aud~oEng~neerrng M. Camras T. Holrnan R, A. Moog E. L. Torick Soc~ety,60 East 42nd Street, New York, D. H, Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur NY 10165 (212-661-8528) Manuscr~pts,edl- tonal, advertrs~ngand subscr~pt~oncorre- J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. I?. von Recklinghausen spondence should be addressed to Editor- E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White iaIOffice (212-661-2355) at aboveaddress Regional Offices: Europe Office; Europe M' B' Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Regron; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, B-1150 VO~S~,Brussels, Eelglum United Kingdom Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (ISSN 004-7554X) Volume28 No 11 1980 November Published monthly Office; Brltlsh Section; Audio Englneerlng except Januar~/Februaryand JuIy/August when published bimonthly by the AudioEngineering Society and suppiled toall membersingoodstanding Publicationsand ExecutiveOfftces Lincoln Building 60East42nd Street NewYork NY 10165 Second-class postage pa,, at Utica NY Subscriptton to nonmembers $45 00 is~r~acema.) $75 00 ~~~7?,~~dL3~n~~~i,"d~~~$~~~(airmail direct deltvery) All matertal pubitshed in this Journal iscopyrighted 0 1980 by the Audto Engineering Soctety pan Audio and all rtghts reserved lnquir~esshould be sent to the P~~blicationsOff~ce at the address above Marl Bldg , 14-34 Jrngumae 1-chome, Shl- The Journalofthe AudlaEnglneermg Society and ttscoverdestgn have been regsteredasatrademark in theunited buya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan States Patent Offtce OFFICERS 1980181 JOURNAL OF THE Ray Dolby President Barry Blesser President-Elect Erik A. Porterfield Vice President, AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY Eastern Region AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Harold F. Mosier, Jr. Vice President, Central Region Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. Vice President, Western Region VOLUME 28 NUMBER 12 1980 DECEMBER J&rg Sennheiser Vice President, Europe Region Raymond E. Cooke Vice President, President's Message ...... Ray Dolby 858 international John J. Bubbers Secretary PAPERS Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer Measurement of Spectral Content of Record Warps...... D. L. Taylor 859 Donald E. Plunkett Executive Director High-Fidelity Loudspeakers with Boronized Titanium Diaphragms ...T. Yarnamoto, T. Tsukagoshi, T. Tohma, M. Kimura, and F. Tanaka 868 BOARD OF GOVERNORS Peter K. Burkowitz ENGINEERING REPORTS Hugh D. Ford A Low-Distortion Acoustic-Measurement Oscillator Using Semiconduc- Alastair M. Heaslett tor Junctions as Variable-Tuning Elements...... Peter J. Baxandall 874 Walter G. Jung Waveshape Parameter Modulation in Producing Complex Audio Spectra Geoffrey M. Langdon ...... Yasuhiro Mitsuhashi 879 C. Dale Manquen Recreational Noise Exposure-An Occupational Hazard for Audio John G. McKnight Engineers ...... Daniel R. Raichel 896 Stephen F. Temmer Emil L. Torick LETTERS TO THE EDITOR COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Comments on "Acoustic Radiation of a Horn Loudspeaker by the Finite Element Method-A Consideration of the Acoustic Characteristic of Bradley Plunkett Admissions Horns" ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 900 John G. McKnight Awards Author's Reply ...... Shigeru Morita 900 Thomas M. Hay, Ill Convention Policy Alrnon H. Clegg Education STANDARDS Arthur E. Gruber Finance Donald J. Plunkett Historical Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 68, pp. 1540-1 544,1980 Barry Blesser Laws & Resolutions November) ...... 902 Donald W. Powers Membership Peter K. Burkowitz Nominations DEPARTMENTS Han Tendeloo Publications Policy Upcoming Meetings ...... 91 1 Sound Track...... 941 Arthur E. Gruber Regional & Sectional 67th Convention Report ...... 912 New Products and Concepts Exhibitors ...... 920 Developments ...... 942 Geoffrey M. Langdon Standards Program...... 922 Available Literature...... 944 Stephen F. Temmer Sustaining Memberships New AES Officers 1980/81 ...... 936 Membership Information...... 945 Richard H. Campbell Technical Council News of the Sections...... 939 Index to Volume 28 ...... 949 Werner H. Freitag Tellers EDITORIAL STAFF ADMINISTRATION Harry F. Olson Ed~torEmeritus Rita Snyder Administrative Assistant, Robert 0. Fehr Editor Accounting Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor Pamela Davis Exhibits Coordinator Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor1 Ann Srnyth ConventionlConference lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor Advertising Coordinafor Michael A. Gardella EDPIMembership REVIEW BOARD Services L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi R. H. Small SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill T, G. Stockham, Jr. Headquarters address: Audio Engineering R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I.Thomas Society, 66 East 42nd Street, New York, M. Carnras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick NY 10165,USA, telephone (212)661-8528. D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur Manuscripts, editorial, advertising, and subscription correspondence should be J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen addressed to Editorial Office at above ad- E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White dress. telephone (212)661-2355. Regional M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Offices: Europe Office; Europe Region; Zevenbunderslaan 142/9, 8-1 150 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium. United Kingdom Office; Journal of the Audlo Englneer~ngSoc~ety (ISSN 004-7554) Volume 28 No 12 1980 December Publshed monthly British Section; Audio Engineering Socie- exceptJanuary February and JulylAugustwhen published bmonthly bythe AudloEngneerng Soclety andsupplied ty Ltd.,8 GranvilleRoad, Sevenoaks. Kent, toal membersln goodstand~ngPubllcatonsand ExecutlveOfflces L~nconBulldlng 60East42ndStreet NewYork NY 10165 USA Second-class postage pafdat Utlca NY USA Subscr~ptlonto nonmembers $45 00 (surface mall) United Kingdom. Jspan Office; JapanSec- $75 00 (armal drect devery) All mater~alpubl~shed In thlsJournal Iscopyrlghted D 1980 bythe Audo Engneerlrlg tion; c/o Japan Audio Society, Mori Bldg., Soclety and all r~ghtsreserved Inqurles should be sent to the Publ~cat~onsOff~ce at the address above 14-34 Jingumae 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society and ~tscoverdes~gn have been registered asa trademark n the Unlted Tokyo 150, Japan. States Patent Offce Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 29, Number 1/2, 1981 January/February. Published monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Socrety Editorial Offrce VOLUME 29 NUMBER 112 1981 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 60 East 42nd Street New York, New York 10165, USA Teie~hone21 2-661 -2355. PAPERS Second-class postage paid Examination of Audio-Bandwidth Requirements for Optimum Sound at Ut~ca,New York, USA. Signal Transmission The Audio Engineering Society ...... Teruo Muraoka, Makoto Iwahara, and Yasuhiro Yamada 2 is not respons~blefor statements Moving-Coil Loudspeaker Topology as an Indicator of Linear Excursion made by its contrrbutors. Capability ...... Mark R. Gander 10

Copyright ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright O 1981 by the Audio 27 Engineering Soctety, Inc. It is Distortion Correction in Audio Power Amplifiers ...... M. J.Hawksford permitted to quote from this Journal Design and Construction of a Feedforward Error-Correction Amplifier with customary credit to the source...... Susumu Takahashi and Susumu Tanaka 31 Performed Music: Analysis, Synthesis, and Display by Computer Copies M. Piszczalski, B. Galler, R. Bossemeyer, M. Hatamian, and F. Looft 38 individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for LETTERS TO THE EDITOR research or other noncommercial use. A copyrng fee for post-1980 articles Comments on "On RlAA Equalization Networks" ...... Peter J. Baxandall 47 IS rncluded in the code at the bottom Author's Reply ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz 52 of the first page of each article Thls fee should be pald to the Audro Comments on "Shaped Tone-Burst Testing" ...... E. G. Trendell 53 Eng~neerrngSociety through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc , DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS 21 Congress Street, Salem, Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee Massachusetts Of 970, USA (1980 October)...... Bart Locanthi 56 The same copying fee applies to pre-1981 articles. Digital Audio Activities in Japan ...... T. Kato 58 Photocopies of rndrvidual articles General Information on a Compact Digital Audio Disk ...... T. T. Doi 60 may be ordered from the AES Headquarters off~ce Bibliography ...... Puddie Rodgers 66 at $3 00 per article JVC AHD Digital Audio Disk System ...... T. Hidaka 68 lnformation for Digital Audio Signal Compatibility Back Issues ...... Marsha R. Hatfield and Richard F. Dubbe 70 Selected back issues are available at $5.00 per copy. For information, Questionnaire on User Requirements for a Digital Interface for the Local contact AES tleadauarters office Interconnection of Digital Audio Equipment ...... Roger Lagadec 74

Microfilm DEPARTMENTS Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 68th Convention. . Preview...... (1971 January) to the present edition Exh~b~tors...... are available on microfilm from the Previews...... University of Microfilms International, News of the Sections ...... 300 North Zeeb Road. Sound Track...... Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Available Literature...... Upcoming Meetings ...... Reprints and Republication Membership Informatior? ...... Mult~plereproduction or republication of any materral in th~sJournal requires the permrssron of rhe Audio Engrneering Socrety Perm~ssionmay Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus also be requ~redfrom one of the Robert 0.Fehr Editor authors Inquiries should be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Ed~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Editor the AES Editorial office lngeborg M. Stochmai Copy Ed~tor Gerri M. Caiamusa Production Editor/Advertising G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Techn~calEditor Advertising Review Board For rnforrnation on Journal advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi R. H. Small the Editorral offrce C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. Thomas M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Viilchur For informat~onon the presentailon J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White inside back cover M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering .JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 29, Number3, 1981 March. Publtshed monthly, except January/ February and JulyiAugust when AUDIO------ENGINEERING-- - SOCIETY published b~monthly,by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engineering Society Editorial Office 60 East 42nd Street New York, New York 10165, USA Telephone 212-661-2355 VOLUME 29 NUMBER 3 1981 MARCH Second-class postage paid at Utica, New York, USA. The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. PAPERS Copyright Motion Picture Sound in Record-Industry Perspective John Mosely Copyright O 1981 by the Audto The Audibility of Frequency Response Irregularities R Buckle~n Engineering Society, Inc It is Ferrofluids as a Means of Controlling Woofer Design Parameters permitted to quote from this Journal L Meilllo and K Raj with customary credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS Copies A Power Amplifier "Improver" Edward M Cherry Individual readers are permitted to New Biasing Circuit for Class B Operation Susumu Tanaka photocopy isolated articles for research or other noncommercial use. PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS A copying fee for post-1980 artlcles IS t~cludedin the code at the bottom Sound Transmission and Impact Insulation: A PPC Program of the first page of each article Th~s ...... Benjamin Bernfeld fee should be pa~dto the Audio Engineering Soctety through the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Copyr~ghtClearance Center Inc , A Simpler Musical Calculator Program Bob Katz 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970 USA Author's Reply J M Bowsher The same copying fee applies to pre-1981 articles. STANDARDS Photocopies of individuai artlcles Standards News from JASA (Repr~nt,JASA, vol 69, pp 326-330, 1981 may be ordered from the AES Jai-,a;~) Headquarters office at $3 00 per article. FEATURES

Back Issues Selected back issues are available at 55.00 per copy. For information, contact AES Headquarters offtce. DEPARTMENTS ...... Microfilm Review of Acoustical Patents ...... Sound Track ...... Cop~esof Volume 19, Number 1 News of the Sections ...... (1971 January) to the present edition are available on microfilm from the Upcoming Meetings ...... University Microfilms International, Available Literature ...... 300 North Zeeb Road. Membership Information ...... Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. In Memoriam ...... Membership Form ...... Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in this Journal requires the permission of the Audio Editorial Staff Engineering Society. Permission may Harry F. Olson Ed~torEmeritus also be required from one of the Robert 0.Fehr Ed~tor authors. Inquiries should be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEd tor Abbie J. Cohen Ser~orEditor the AES Editorial office. lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edltor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Ed~tor/Adve~ G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Ed~tor Advertising Review Board For information on Journal J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner B. Locanthi R. H. Small mechanical requirements, contact 6. Blesser R. C. Heyser J. McGill T. G. Stockham, Jr. the Editorial office. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge F. R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. Thomas M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For ~nformationon the presentation J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White ~nsldeback cover. M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

VOLUME 29 NUMBER 4 1981 APRIL

PAPERS Pinna Transformations and Sound Reproduction .... C. A. Puddie Rodgers 226 An Algorithm for Estimation of Parametric Filter Functions ...... D C. Bullis and T. A. Brubaker 235

ENGINEERING REPORTS Nonlinear Distortion Measurement Using Composite Pulse Waveform ...... Y. Hirata, M. Ueki, T. Kasuga, and T. Kitamura 243 An Amplifier Input Stage Design Criterion for the Supression of Dynamic Distortions ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 249

Copies COMMUNICATIONS Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for A Real-Time Tape Duplication System ...... Gordon S. Carter 252 research or other noncommercial use. On Loudspeaker Response in Sound Control Rooms ...... Ju hani Borenius 258 A copying fee for post-1980 articles is rncluded in the code at the bottom LETTERS TO THE EDITOR of the first page of each article. This Comments on "The Practical Application of Time-Delay Spectrometry in fee should be paid to the Audio the Field" ...... F. J. Fahy 262 Engineering Society through the Authors' Reply ...... C. R. Cable and J. K. Hilliard 262 Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, Comments on "Reproducing the Infrasonic" ...... Peter Kbrner 264 Massachusetts 01970, USA. Correction to "Waveshape Parameter Modulation in Producing Complex Audio Spectra"...... Yasuhiro Mitsuhashi 265 The same copying fee applies to pre-1981 articles. STANDARDS Photocopies of individual articles may be ordered from the AES Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 69, pp. 880-882, 1981 Headquarters office Mzrch) ...... 266 at $3.00 per artlcle. FEATURES Back Issues Early Hi-Fi and Stereo Recording at Bell Laboratories (1931-1932) Selected back issues are available at ...... A. C. Keller 274 $5 00 per copy For information, contact AES Headquarters office. DEPARTMENTS

Microfilm Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 272 News of the Sections ...... 282 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present edition Sound Track ...... 290 are avarlable on microfilm from Upcoming Meetings...... 293 Univers~tyMicrofilms International, New Products and Developments ...... 294 300 North Zeeb Road, Available Literature...... 296 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Membership Information ...... 298 In Memoriam ...... 308 Reprints and Republication Audio Engineering Society Bylaws ...... 309 Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in thrs Journal requires Editorial Staff the permission of the Audio Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Engineering Socrety. Permission may Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be required from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors lnquirres should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertising the AES Editorial office G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For information on Journal J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder advertising rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser R. H. Small the Ed~torialoffice. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For information on the presentat~on J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White inside back cover. M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward I VOLUME 29 NUMBER 5 1981 MAY

A Three-Dimensional lnterferometric Vibrational Mode Display G. Bank and G. T. Hathaway 314 Frequency-Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers (Reprint) G. L Beers and H. Belar 320

ENGINEERING REPORTS

A New Distortion Mechanism in Class B Amplifiers Edward M. Cherry 327 A Different Way to Record Classical Music Jurg Jecklln 329 Digitalization of Conventional Analog Filters for Recording Use Yosh~mutsuH~rata 333

COMMUNICATIONS

The Use of Seminarsand AudioIVisual Presentations to Promote the Acceptance of Engineered Sound and Communications Systems by the General Public Davld F Moore 338

68th Convention Report 348 354 356 100 Years with Stereo-The Beginning 368

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents 340 374 Copres of Volume 19, Number 1 News of the Sections 377 are ava~lableon mlcrofllm from Sound Track 378 Un~vers~tyM~crof~lms Internat~onal, New Products and Developments 380 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M~chlgan48106, USA Available Literature 384 Membership Information 385 Reprints and Republication Call for Papers-70th Convention, New York, 1981 391 Multiple reproduction or republlcat~on the permlsslon of the Audlo Engineering Soctety Perm~sstonmay Harry F. Olson Ed~torEmer~tus also be requlred from one of the Robert 0. Fehr Ed~tor authors. lnqulr~esshould be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEd~tor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Ed~tor the AES Editorial offtce lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Ed~tor/Advertis~ng G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechn~cal Editor

Review Board For information on Journal adverttslng rates, deadlines, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Editorial offlee. W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For informat~onon the presentat~on J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White lns~deback cover M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineetfng JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 29, Number 6,1981 June Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audro Engrneerrng Socrety Edrtorial Office 60 East 42nd Street VOLUME 29 NUMBER 6 1981 JUNE New York, New York 10165, USA Telephone 212-661-2355 PAPERS Second-class postage pard at Utrca, New York, USA Augmented Passive Radiator Loudspeaker Systems, Part I ...... Thomas L. Clarke 394 The Audio Engrneering Socrety Active Equalization of Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems IS not responsible for statements made by rts contrrbutors ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 405

Copyright ENGINEERING REPORTS Copyright O 1981 by the Aud~o Acoustic Design Considerations for Speech Intelligibility Engrneerrnq Society, Inc It IS Howard G Sm~th 408 permitted to quote from thrs Journal Measurements of the Input Impedance of Loudspeaker Horns I wrth customary credit to the source Tornas Salava 41 6 Copies PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS lndrvidual readers are permitted to Personal Calculator Programs for Approximate Vented-Box and Closed- photocopy isolated articles for Box Loudspeaker system Design I research or other noncommercral use. Garry Margolrs and R~chardH Small 421 A copying fee for post-1980 art~cles IS included In the code at the bottom LETTERS TO THE EDITOR of the frrst page of each artrcle Thrs fee should be pard to the Audro Comments on "Recreational Noise Exposure-An Occupational Hazard Engrneerrng Socrety through the for Audio Engineers" ...... Bob Katz 442 Copyr~ghtClearance Center, Inc , Author's Reply ...... Daniel R. Raichel 442 21 Congress Street, Salem, Correction to "On Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Single- Massachusetts 01970, USA Amplifier Active Filters"...... Andrzej Borys 443 The same copying fee applres to pre-1981 artrcles DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNlCAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Photocopres of ind~vrdualartrcles Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1981 may be ordered from the AES Headquarters off~ce March) ...... B. Bliithgen 444 at $3 00 per article STANDARDS Back Issues Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, vol. 69, pp. 1527-1529, 1981 Selected back Issues are avarlable at May) ...... --- 448 $5.00 per copy For rnformatron, contact AES Headquarters offrce FEATURES Midwest Acoustics Conference (MAC 81) Microfilm Copres of Volume 19, Number 1 DEPARTMENTS (1971 January) to the present edrtron are avarlable on mrcrofrlm from News of the Sections ...... 460 Unrversrty Mrcrofrlms Internatronal, Upcoming Meetings...... 462 300 North Zeeb Road, Sound Track...... 464 Ann Arbor, Mrchigan 48106, USA New Products and Developments...... 468 Available Literature ...... 470 Reprints and Republication Membership Information ...... 472 Multrple reproduct~onor republrcation of any materral rn thrs Journal requires Editorial Staff the permrssion of the Audro Harry F. Olson Ed~torErrler~tus Engrneerrng Socrety Permission may Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEditor Abbie J. Cohen Senror Editor authors Inquirres should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Ed~tor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Ed~tor/Advertisrng the AES Edrtorral offrce G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Edltor 1 Advertising Review Board For rnformatron on Journal M. R. Schroeder advertrsing rates, deadlrnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen D. E. L. Shorter mechanrcal requirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi R. H. Small the Editorial office C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For information on the presentatron J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processrng of manuscrrpts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White rnsrde back cover. M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE 1 Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 29, Number 7/8, 1981 July/August Published monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published b~monthly,by the AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Engineer~ngSociety Edltor~alOfflce 60 East 42nd Street New York, New York 10165, USA VOLUME 29 NUMBER 718 1981 JULYIAUGUST Telephone 212-661 -2355 Second-class postage paid at Utica, New York, USA. PAPERS The Audio Engineering Society The Great Debate: Subjective Evaluation is not responsible for statements ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz and John Vanderkooy made by its contributors. Ultra-High-Performance Amplitude and Frequency Modulation and De- modulation ...... Daniel B. Talbot Copyright Distortion Correction Circuits for Audio Amplifiers ...... M. J. Hawksford Copyright O 1981 by the Audlo Augmented Passive Radiator Loudspeaker Systems, Part II Engineering Soclety, Inc It ts ...... Thomas L. Clarke perrn~ttedto quote from thls Journal w~thcustomary credit to the source. ENGINEERING REPORTS New Factors in Power Amplifier Design Copies LETTERS TO THE EDITOR lnd~vldualreaders are permitted to Comments on Reactance Annulling in Horn-Loaded Loudspeaker Systems photocopy isolated art~clesfor ...... Edward F. McClain, Jr. research or other noncommercial use. Author's Reply ...... W. Marshall Leach, Jr. A copying fee for post-1980 artlcles Comments on the History of Magnetic Recording IS included in the code at the bottom ...... Georg Brock-Nannestad of the f~rstpage of each article. Th~s Author's Reply ...... John T. Mullin fee should be pald to the Aud~o Correction to "Pinna Transformations and Sound Reproduction" Eng~neerlngSociety through the Copyr~ghtClearance Center, Inc , ...... C. A. Puddie Rodgers 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, USA TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Report of the AES Technical Committee on Sound-Reinforcement Com- The same copylng fee applles to ponents...... Clifford A. Henricksen pre-1981 articles. Report on an Ad Hoc Meeting on the Formation of an AES Technical Photocopies of rndivtdual articles Committee on Audio Polarity ...... John G. (Jay) McKnight may be ordered from the AES Polarity Calibration Tape (Issue 2) Headquarters office ...... Stanley P. Lipshitz and John Vanderkooy at $3 00 per art~cle FEATURES Back Issues 63th Convention Report ...... Selected back Issues are avallable at Exhibitors ...... $5 00 per copy For ~nformation, Program ...... contact AES Headquarters office DEPARTMENTS Microfilm News of the Sections ...... Sound Track ...... Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present edition New Products and Developments ...... are available on microfilm from Available Literature ...... University Microfilms International, Upcoming Meetings...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Membership lnformation ...... Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106, USA. In Memoriam ...... AES Annual Report...... Reprints and Republication Call for Papers-71st Convention, Montreux, Switzerland, 1982 ...... Multiple reproduction or republicat~on of any mater~alIn thrs Journal requires Editorial Staff the permlsslon of the Aud~o Harry F. Olson Editor Erner~tus Englneerlng Soclety Permlsslon may Robert 0.Fehr Edltor also be requlred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors lnqulrles should be sent to Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production ~dltor/~dvertis~ng the AES Edrtorlaf off~ce. lngeborg M. Stochmal G. Franklin Montgomery Consulttng Techn~calEditor

Advertising Review Board For lnformation on Journal advertlslng rates, deadl~nes,and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechanical requirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Editorial office. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick I Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For lnformation on the presentatton J. M. ~ar~le J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghauser? and processing of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White Inside back cover. M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward JOURNAL OF THE Number 9, 1981 September Published monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY published bimonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS Audio Eng~neer~ngSoc~ety, Ed~torralOffrce, 60 East 42nd Street, VOLUME 29 NUMBER 9 1981 SEPTEMBER New York, New York 10165, USA, Telephone 212-661-2355 PAPERS Second-class postage pa~d A Fully In-Band Multitone Test for Transient Intermodulation Distortion at Utlca,.New York, USA...... Robert R. Cordell 578 The Audro Engrneer~ngSoctety Synthesis of Loudspeaker Mechanical Parameters by Electrical Means: A is not respons~blefor statements New Method for Controlling Low-Frequency Loudspeaker Behavior made by rts contr~butors...... Karl Erik Stahl 587 A New Criterion for the Distribution of Normal Room Modes ...... Oscar Juan Bonello 597 I Copyr~ght@ 1981 by the Audio Engrneertng Soc~ety,Inc. It is I COMMUNICATIONS I permrtted to quote from thrs Journal I Study of Nonlinear Distortion in Audio Instruments.... Yoshirnutsu Hirata with customary cred~tto the source. 607 PERSONAL CALCULATOR PROGRAMS Copies Acoustical Response of an Enclosure ...... Ivan StarnaC and Silvije StarnaC 61 1 lndrv~dualreaders are perm~ttedto photocopy Isolated art~clesfor LETTERS TO THE EDITOR research or other noncommercral use Comments on "Recreational Noise Exposure-An Occupational Hazard A copyrng fee for post-1980 art~cles for Audio Engineers" ...... Jeffrey A. Lienau and Daniel G. Hays 617 is rncluded In the code at the bottom Author's Reply ...... Daniel R. Raichel 618 of the f~rstpage of each art~cle.This fee should be patd to the Audro Eng~neerrngSoc~ety through the DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS Copyrrght Clearance Center, Inc , Minutes of the Meeting of the Digital Audio Technical Committee (1981 21 Congress Street, Salem, May) ...... Bart Locanthi 620 Massachusetts 01970, USA. Review of Proposal to IEC WG16 The same copyrng fee appl~esto ...... R. Youngquist, T. Stockham, and A. Heaslett 621 pre-1981 artrcles Report on Subsequent DAD Conference Activities in Japan ...... 622 Photocopres of ~ndrvrdua!artrcles Review of Digital Audio Machines Currently Available ...... 623 may be ordered from the AES lieadquarters offlce STANDARDS at $3.00 per art~cle. Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 70, pp. 257-261, 1981 July) ...... Back Issues Selected back Issues are avatlable at FEATURES $5 00 per copy For informat~on, 70th Convention Preview ...... contact AES Headquarters offrce Exhibitors...... Previews...... Microfilm DEPARTMENTS Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present edrt~on News of the Sections ...... are available on m~crof~lrnfrom Sound Track...... Unrversrty Mrcrofrlms Internat~onal, Upcoming Meetings...... 300 North Zeeb Road, Available Literature...... Ann Arbor, M~chrgan48106, USA Membership Information ...... In Memoriam ...... Reprints and Republication Membership Form ...... Multiple reproductron or republrcatron of any mater~alIn thrs Journal requlres Editorial Staff the permlssron of the Aud~o Engrneerrng Socrety Perm~ssronmay Harry F. Olson Edltor Emer~tus also be requ~redfrom one of the Robert 0. Fehr ~d~tor authors lnqurrles should be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Manag~ngEditor Abbie J. Cohen Senlor Ed~tor the AES Edrtorral offrce. lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advert~s~ng G. Franklin Montgomery Consult~ngTechnical Editor 1 Advertising Review Board For rnformatron on Journal advertrs~ngrates, deadl~nes,and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechanrcal requrrements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Ed~tor~aloff~ce. C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts I D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For ~nformatronon the presentatron J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscrrpts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White rnside back cover M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 29, Number 10, 1981 October Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when lUDlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publtshed brmonthly, by the AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS Audlo Engrneerrng Soclety, Edrtorial Offtce, 60 East 42nd Street, NewYork, New York 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 212-661 -2355 Second-class postage pard VOLUME 29 NUMBER 10 1981 OCTOBER at Utlca, New York, USA The Audro Engrneerlng Soclefy is not responsible for statements made by tts contrrbutors PAPERS

Copyright A Satellite Communications, Broadcast-Quality Amplitude Compander Daniel E. Talbot 690 Copyright O 1981 by the Audro ...... Engineerrng Socrety, Inc It IS The Resonances of Loudspeaker Diaphragms permltted to quote from thls Journal D A Barlow G D Galletly, and J Mlstry 699 wrth customary credrt to the source Tweeter Using New Structure and New Material for Diaphragm (Direct- Drive Ribbon Tweeter) Copies He~taroNakaj~ma, Masana Ugaji, and Hldeo Suyarna 705 lndlvldual readers are permrtted to photocopy tsolated articles for Loudspeaker with Honeycomb Disk Diaphragm research or other noncommercfal use Naraji Sakarnoto, Katsuaki Satoh, Kazue Satoh, and Nobuhisa Atoji 711 A copyrng fee for post-1980 artlcles Polymer-Graphite Composite Loudspeaker Diaphragm IS Included In the code at the bottom ...... Tsunehiro Tsukagoshi, Shinichi Yokozeki, Sumio Hagiwara, of the first page of each article This Toshikazu Yoshino, Yasuyuki Arai, and Takeo Yarnarnoto 720 fee should be pald to the Audlo Engineerrng Soclety through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, ENGINEERING REPORTS Massachusetts 01970, USA Tonal Effects of Close Microphone Placement ...... Bruce A. Bartlett 726 The same copying fee applles to pre-1981 artrcles. A Tool for Room Acoustic Measurement Photocopres of indlvidual artlcles ...... Fukushi Kawakarni, Koji Niirni, and Kirninori Yamaguchi 739 may be ordered from the AES Headquarters offrce LETTERS TO THE EDITOR at $3 00 per article Comments on Stress Tests ...... John Diamond 749

Back Issues Authors' Reply ...... Nelson Morgan 749 Selected back issues are available at ...... David Clark 750 $5.00 per copy For rnformatron, contact AES Headquarters offrce DEPARTMENTS Microfilm Review of Society's Sustaining Members ...... 752 Copres of Volume 19, Number 1 (1971 January) to the present editton News of the Sections ...... 773 are available on mlcrof~lmfrom Sound Track ...... 776 Unlversrty M~crofrlmsInternatronal, Upcoming Meetings...... 776 300 North Zeeb Road, New Products and Developments...... 778 Ann Arbor, Michrgan 48706, USA. Available Literature...... 780 Membership Information ...... 781 Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduct~onor republrcat~on of any material In thrs Journal requires Editorial Staff the permlsslon of the Audro Engtneering Soclety Permlssron may Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus also be requtred from one of the Robert 0.Fehr Editor authors lnqulrles should be sent to Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor the AES Edrtorial offrce lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advert~sing G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For lnformatlon on Journal advert~singrates, deadlrnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechan~calrequlrements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Editorlal office C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For information on the presentatron J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processrng of manuscripts, see E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White insrde back cover M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-0075, USA, VOLUME 29 NUMBER 11 1981 NOVEMBER Tele~hone212-661 -2355 Second-class postage pald at Utlca, New York, USA. PAPERS The Audlo Engineering Soc~ety Programmable State-Variable Active Biquads ...... Jacek M. Zurada 786 is not responsrble for statements made by ~tscontributors Controlling Sound-Image Localization in Stereophonic Reproduction ...... Naraji Sakamoto, Toshiyuki Gotoh, Takuyo Kogure, Masatoshi Shimbo and Almon H. Clegg 794 Copyright Copyr~ghtO 1981 by the Audlo Coaxial Flat-Plane Loudspeaker with Polymer-Graphite Honeycomb Sand- Engineering Society, Inc It IS wich Plate Diaphragm permitted to quote from thls Journal ...... Jiro Nakazono, Kunihiko Shirnada, Yukio Tsuchiya, wlth customary credit to the source Takashi Furukawa, and Yukio Matsumoto 800 Reinforced Olefin Polymer Diaphragm for Loudspeakers Copies ...... Hirotoshi Niguchi, Osamu Yamamoto, Mitsuru leki, lndivldual readers are permitted to Toshio Shimizu, and Naraji Sakamoto 808 photocopy lsolated artlcles for research or other noncommerc~aluse A copylng fee for post-1980 artlcles ENGINEERING REPORTS IS ~ncluded~n the code at the bottom Analog Circuits for Sound Animation ...... Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr. 814 of the flrst page of each artlcle. This fee should be paid to the Audlo A Simple Pulse Tester for Electroacoustic Measurements ... Alan Fierstein 821 Engineering Soclety through the Copyr~ghtClearance Center, Inc , 21 Congress Street, Salem, CORRECTIONS Massachusetts 01970, USA Correction to "Personal Calculator Programs for Approximate Vented-Box The same copylng fee applles to and Closed-Box Loudspeaker System Design" pre-1981 artlcles ...... Garry Margolis and Richard H. Small 824 Photocop~esof ~ndivrdualart~cles C~rrectianto "Ultra-High-Performance Amplitude and Frequency Modula- may be ordered from the AES tion and Demodulation" ...... Daniel B. Talbot 824 Headquarters off~ce at $3 00 per art~cle STANDARDS Back Issues Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 70, pp. 907-911,1981 Selected back lssues are available at September) ...... 826 $5 00 per copy For ~nformatlon, contact AES Headquarters offtce DEPARTMENTS Microfilm 1981 AES Sections Directory ...... 834 Coples of Volume 19, Number 1 News of the Sections ...... 846 (1971 January) to the present edlt~on Upcoming Meetings...... 848 are available on m~crofilmfrom Sound Track ...... -. . 850 Untvers~tyM~crofrlms Internat~onal, New Products and Developments ...... 851 300 North Zeeb Road, Available Literature ...... 853 Ann Arbor, Mlchlgan 48106, USA Membership Information ...... 855 Membership Form ...... 862 Reprints and Republication Multlple reproduct~onor republrcatron of any materlal In th~sJournal requlres Editorial Staff the permlsslon of the Aud~o Harry F. Olson Editor Erner~tus Engineer~ngSocrety Permlss~onmay Robert 0. Fehr Editor also be requlred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors lnqutrles should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edltor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advert~s~rig the AES Edltorral offlce G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For ~nformatlonon Journal J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder advertlslng rates, deadlrnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner D. E. L. Shorter mechan~calrequirements, contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small the Edltorlal offlce C. R. Cable R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For lnforrnat~onon the presentation J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen and processing of manuscripts, See E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White lnsrde back cover. M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward Journal of the Audio Engineering JOURNAL OF THE Society (ISSN 0004-7554), Volume 29 Number 12,1981 December Publrshed monthly, except January/ February and July/August when AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY publrshed brmonthly, by the AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS Audro Engrneerrng Socrety, Edrtorral Off~ce, 60 East 42nd Street, VOLUME 29 NUMBER 12 1981 DECEMBER NewYork, NewYork 10165-0075, USA, Telephone 212-661 -2355 President's Message ...... Barry Blesser 866 Second-class postage pard at Utrca, New York, USA PAPERS The Audro Engrneerrng Socrety IS not responsrble for statements Ribbon Sendust Magnetic Tape Heads made by rts contrrbutors Tsunehiro Tsukagoshi, Hiroshi Ito, Kiyohide Ogasawara, Tetsu Namiki, Shinji Yasuda, Yutaka Masumoto, Hiroyuki Ota, and Takeo Yamamoto 867 Copyright Radiation and Diffraction Effects of Convex and Concave Domes ...... Hideo Suzuki and Jiri Tichy 873 Copyrtght O 1981 by the Audro Engrneerrng Socrety, Inc It IS permrtted to quote from thrs Journal ENGINEERING REPORTS wrth customary credrt to the source Design of Loudspeaker Systems Based on Measured Impulse Response ...... J. E. Jacobs and R. W. Cochran 882 Copies Determination of Sliding Friction Between Stylus and Record Groove Robert P. Pardee 890 lndrvrdual readers are permitted to ...... photocopy isolated artrcles for A Computer-Controlled Polyphonic Synthesizer ...... David P. Rossum 895 research or other noncommercral use A copyrng fee for post-1980 artrcles COMMUNICATIONS is cncluded rn the code at the bottom Digital Additive Synthesis for Computer Music of the frrst page of each artrcle This ...... Jeffrey S. Risberg and Gerald M. Shapiro 902 fee should be pard to the Audro Engrneer~ngSocrety through the CORRECTIONS Copyrrght Clearance Center, Inc , 21 Congress Street, Salem, Correction to "70th AES Exhibit Previews" ...... 905 Massachusetts 01970, USA Corrections to "Polarity Calibration Tape (Issue 2)" ...... 905 The same copytng fee applres to Correction to"A New Criterion for the Distribution of Normal Room Modes" 905 pre-1981 articles. STANDARDS Photocopres of rndlvrdual artrcles may be ordered from the AES Standards News from JASA (Reprint, JASA, Vol. 70, pp. 1544-1546, 1981 Headquarters off Ice November) ...... 906 at $3.00 per artrcle FEATURES Back Issues 70th Convention Report ...... 916 Selected back fssues are avarlable at Exhibitors ...... 922 $5.00 per copy For informatron, Program ...... 925 contact AES Headquarters offtce DEPARTMENTS Microfilm Review of Acoustical Patents ...... 912 Copies of Volume 19, Number 1 New AES Officers 1981/82 ...... 942 (1971 January) to the present edrtron News of the Sections ...... 948 are available on mrcrofrlm from Sound Track...... 951 Unrversrty Microf~lmsInternatronal, Upcoming Meetings ...... 952 300 North Zeeb Road, New Products and Developments...... 953 Available Literature...... 955 Membership Information ...... 956 Index to Volume 29...... 960 of any matertal In thrs Journal requrres Editorial Staff the wermrsston of the Audro Harry F. Olson Editor Emerttus ~n~ineerrn~Society. Permrssron may Robert 0. Fehr Editor als~be requrred from one of the Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor Abbie J. Cohen Senior Editor authors. lnqurrres should be sent to lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Gerri M. Calamusa Production Editor/Advertising the AES Editorrat off rce G. Franklin Montgomery Consulting Technical Editor

Advertising Review Board For rnformatron on Journal advertrsrng rates, deadlrnes, and L. A. Abbagnaro R. A. Greiner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder mechanrcal requ~rements,contact B. Blesser R. C. Heyser B. Locanthi D. E. L. Shorter the Editorial offrce C. R. Cable W. J. J. Hoge J. F. McGill R. H. Small R. C. Cabot J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight T. G. Stockham, Jr. M. Camras T. Holman R. A. Moog E. L. Torick Manuscripts D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. A. Moorer E. M. Villchur For informatron on the Dresentatron J. M. Eargle J. M. Kates J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper D. Preis J. V. White M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch D. Queen J. G. Woodward