1973: the Skylab 4 Mutiny

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

1973: The Skylab 4 mutiny A brief account of the 24-hour mutiny during the Skylab 4 mission in 1973/4 triggered by the astronauts' complaints of excessive workloads. Class war in space - The Skylab 4 mutiny Skylab 4 was the fourth Skylab mission and placed the third crew on board, consisting of Gerald Carr, commander, William Pogue, pilot and Edward Gibson, science pilot. It was each crew member's first space flight. During the mission a total of 6,051 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, observation of the Comet Kohoutek and other experiments. However, the all-rookie astronaut crew had problems adjusting to the same workload level as their predecessors when activating the workshop. One of their first tasks was to unload and stow within Skylab thousands of items needed for their lengthy mission. The schedule for the activation sequence dictated lengthy work periods with a large variety of tasks to be performed. The crew soon found themselves tired and behind schedule. As the activation of Skylab progressed, the astronauts complained of being pushed too hard. Ground crews disagreed; they felt that the astronauts were not working long enough or hard enough, and insisted the crew work through their meal times as well as their rest days to catch up. During the course of the mission, this culminated in the crew announcing an unscheduled day off, mutinying against Mission Control by turning off the communications radio while getting some rest. They reportedly spent their day off relaxing and taking in the panoramic views of Earth from orbit. Eventually their workload was reduced, although NASA ensured that none of the crew ever flew again. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Bibliography
Annotated List of Works Cited Primary Sources Newspapers “Apollo 11 se Vraci na Zemi.” Rude Pravo [Czechoslovakia] 22 July 1969. 1. Print. This was helpful for us because it showed how the U.S. wasn’t the only ones effected by this event. This added more to our project so we had views from outside the US. Barbuor, John. “Alunizaron, Bajaron, Caminaron, Trabajaron: Proeza Lograda.” Excelsior [Mexico] 21 July 1969. 1. Print. The front page of this newspaper was extremely helpful to our project because we used it to see how this event impacted the whole world not just America. Beloff, Nora. “The Space Race: Experts Not Keen on Getting a Man on the Moon.” Age [Melbourne] 24 April 1962. 2. Print. This was an incredibly important article to use in out presentation so that we could see different opinions. This article talked about how some people did not want to go to the moon; we didn’t find many articles like this one. In most everything we have read it talks about the advantages of going to the moon. This is why this article was so unique and important. Canadian Press. “Half-billion Watch the Moon Spectacular.” Gazette [Montreal] 21 July 1969. 4. Print. This source gave us a clear idea about how big this event really was, not only was it a big deal in America, but everywhere else in the world. This article told how Russia and China didn’t have TV’s so they had to find other ways to hear about this event like listening to the radio.
[Show full text]
VII Congress
Association of Space Explorers 7th Planetary Congress Berlin, Germany 1991 Commemorative Poster Signature Key Viktor Afanasyev Vladimir Aksyonov Alexander Alexandrov (Bul.) Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2 Soyuz TM-5 Joe Allen Alexander Balandin John-David Bartoe STS 5, STS 51A Soyuz TM-9 STS 51F Patrick Baudry Gerald Carr Robert Cenker STS 51G Skylab IV 7 STS 61C Jean-Loup Chretien Charles Conrad, Jr. Samuel Durrance Soyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7 Gemini 5, Gemini 11 STS 35 Apollo 12, Skylab II Lev Dyomin John Fabian Bertalan Farkas Soyuz 15 STS 7, STS 51G Soyuz 36 Reinhard Furrer Drew Gaffney Viktor Gorbatko STS 61A STS 40 Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37 Georgi Grechko Miroslaw Hermaszewski Alexander Ivanchenkov Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26 Soyuz 30 Soyuz 29, Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-14 Georgi Ivanov Yevgeni Khrunov Vladimir Kovolyonok Soyuz 33 Soyuz 5 Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29, Soyuz T-4 Alexei Leonov Don Lind James Lovell, Jr. Voskhod 2, Apollo-Soyuz STS 51B Gemini 7, Gemini 12 Apollo 8, Apollo 13 Vladimir Lyakhov Oleg Makarov Gennadi Manakov Soyuz 32, Soyuz T-9 Soyuz 12, Soyuz 27, Soyuz T-3 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-6 Musa Manarov Jon McBride Bruce McCandless II Soyuz TM-4, Soyuz TM-11 STS 41G STS 41B, STS 31 Ernst Messerschmid William Nelson Wubbo Ockels STS 61A STS 61C STS 61A Donald Peterson Leonid Popov Dumitru Prunariu STS 6 Soyuz 35, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7 Soyuz 40 Vladimir Remek Stuart Roosa Rusty Schweickart Soyuz 28 Apollo 14 Apollo 9 Vitali Sevastyonov Thomas Stafford Gennadi Strekalov Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18 Gemini 6, Gemini 9, Apollo 10 Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8 Apollo-Soyuz Soyuz TM-11 Valentina Tereshkova Lodewijk van den Berg Igor Volk Vostok 6 STS 51B Soyuz T-12 Charles Walker Donald Williams Boris Yegorov STS 41D, STS 51D, STS 61B STS 51D, STS 34 Voskhod 1 Vyacheslav Zhudov Soyuz 23 This poster commemorates the 7th Planetary Congress of the Association of Space Explorers (ASE).
[Show full text]
Apollo Space Suit
APOLLO SPACE S UIT 1962–1974 Frederica, Delaware A HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LANDMARK SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 DelMarVa Subsection Histor y of the Apollo Space Suit This model would be used on Apollo 7 through Apollo 14 including the first lunar mission of Neil Armstrong and Buzz International Latex Corporation (ILC) was founded in Aldrin on Apollo 11. Further design improvements were made to Dover, Delaware in 1937 by Abram Nathanial Spanel. Mr. Spanel improve mobility for astronauts on Apollo 15 through 17 who was an inventor who became proficient at dipping latex material needed to sit in the lunar rovers and perform more advanced to form bathing caps and other commercial products. He became mobility exercises on the lunar surface. This suit was known as famous for ladies apparel made under the brand name of Playtex the model A7LB. A slightly modified ILC Apollo suit would also go that today is known worldwide. Throughout WWII, Spanel drove on to support the Skylab program and finally the American-Soyuz the development and manufacture of military rubberized products Test Program (ASTP) which concluded in 1975. During the entire to help our troops. In 1947, Spanel used the small group known time the Apollo suit was produced, manufacturing was performed as the Metals Division to develop military products including at both the ILC plant on Pear Street in Dover, Delaware, as well as several popular pressure helmets for the U.S. Air Force. the ILC facility in Frederica, Delaware. In 1975, the Dover facility Based upon the success of the pressure helmets, the Metals was closed and all operations were moved to the Frederica plant.
[Show full text]
Gram, No In-Depth Cross-Correlation of the Voluminous Multidisciplinary Data Has Been Possible
SKYLAB: A BEGINNING NationaZ Aeronautics and Space Ahinistration I Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center "The Eagle has landed; Tranquillity Base here." This simple and now historic message of July 20, 1969, marked the attainment of perhaps the greatest peacetime goal in the history of man. It fulfilled President Kennedy's directive issued some 8 short, hectic years earlier, when he proclaimed on May 25, 1961 : "I bel ieve we should go to the moon . before this decade is out." It marked the culmination of a technically complex engineering accomplishment that began with Mercury and continued uninterrupted through Gemini and prelunar Apollo. The ultimate goal of these efforts was a manned lunar landing. None of these programs had as a major objective the detailed study of man's biomedical responses to the space environment, except in the broadest sense of survival and the ability to live and work effectively in that environment. Nevertheless, throughout each program, information con- cerning man and his new surroundings was obtained wherever possible and whenever practicable, ever mindful of the time constraints imposed by the lunar landing goal and the weight limitations of the launch vehicles. In these few days, the preliminary biomedical results of NASA's Skylab effort have been presented to you. A major goal of Skylab was to learn more about man and his responses to the space environment for missions lasting up to 84 days. The results are necessarily prelimin- ary, for in the short time which has elapsed since the end of the pro- gram, no in-depth cross-correlation of the voluminous multidisciplinary data has been possible.
[Show full text]
2015 the Future Ira A
looking towards ANNUAL REPORT 2015 the future Ira A. Fulton Schools Of Engineering Dean Transcending Focusing on the Inspiring Pursuing Attracting Kyle Squires the student experience future use-inspired top traditional and student success engineers research faculty school of school of school of electrical, school for school of biological polytechnic campus sustainable computing, computer and engineering of and health systems School Director engineering informatics, and energy engineering matter, transport engineering Ann McKenna and the built decision systems School Director and energy School Director Air Traffic Management environment engineering Stephen M. Phillips School Director Marco Santello Air Transportation School Director School Director Photovoltaics Lenore Dai Medical diagnostics Management G. Edward Gibson, Jr. Ronald G. Askin Power and energy systems Personalized learning Rehabilitation Applied Science Biofuels Personalized learning Biosignatures discovery Engineering education Neuroengineering Environmental Resource Waste conversion to Educational gaming automation K-12 STEM Biomaterials and Management energy Energy-efficient data Wireless implantable Electrical energy storage therapeutics delivery Graphic Information Technology Public health-technology- storage and computing devices Thermal energy storage Synthetic and systems environment interactions Health informatics Sensors and signal and conversion biology Industrial and Organizational Psychology Microorganism-human Haptic interfaces processing Energy production Healthcare
[Show full text]
Spaceport News John F
Aug. 9, 2013 Vol. 53, No. 16 Spaceport News John F. Kennedy Space Center - America’s gateway to the universe MAVEN arrives, Mars next stop Astronauts By Steven Siceloff Spaceport News gather for AVEN’s approach to Mars studies will be Skylab’s Mquite different from that taken by recent probes dispatched to the Red Planet. 40th gala Instead of rolling about on the By Bob Granath surface looking for clues to Spaceport News the planet’s hidden heritage, MAVEN will orbit high above n July 27, the Astronaut the surface so it can sample the Scholarship Foundation upper atmosphere for signs of Ohosted a dinner at the what changed over the eons and Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/ why. Saturn V Facility celebrating the The mission will be the first 40th anniversary of Skylab. The of its kind and calls for instru- gala featured many of the astro- ments that can pinpoint trace nauts who flew the missions to amounts of chemicals high America’s first space station. above Mars. The results are Six Skylab astronauts partici- expected to let scientists test pated in a panel discussion dur- theories that the sun’s energy ing the event, and spoke about slowly eroded nitrogen, carbon living and conducting ground- dioxide and water from the Mar- breaking scientific experiments tian atmosphere to leave it the aboard the orbiting outpost. dry, desolate world seen today. Launched unpiloted on May “Scientists believe the planet 14, 1973, Skylab was a complex CLICK ON PHOTO NASA/Tim Jacobs orbiting scientific laboratory. has evolved significantly over NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft rests on a processing the past 4.5 billion years,” said stand inside Kennedy’s Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility Aug.
[Show full text]
Up from Kitty Hawk Chronology
airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology AIR FORCE Magazine's Aerospace Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk PART ONE PART TWO 1903-1979 1980-present 1 airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk 1903-1919 Wright brothers at Kill Devil Hill, N.C., 1903. Articles noted throughout the chronology provide additional historical information. They are hyperlinked to Air Force Magazine's online archive. 1903 March 23, 1903. First Wright brothers’ airplane patent, based on their 1902 glider, is filed in America. Aug. 8, 1903. The Langley gasoline engine model airplane is successfully launched from a catapult on a houseboat. Dec. 8, 1903. Second and last trial of the Langley airplane, piloted by Charles M. Manly, is wrecked in launching from a houseboat on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. Dec. 17, 1903. At Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C., Orville Wright flies for about 12 seconds over a distance of 120 feet, achieving the world’s first manned, powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air machine. The Wright brothers made four flights that day. On the last, Wilbur Wright flew for 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet. (Three days earlier, Wilbur Wright had attempted the first powered flight, managing to cover 105 feet in 3.5 seconds, but he could not sustain or control the flight and crashed.) Dawn at Kill Devil Jewel of the Air 1905 Jan. 18, 1905. The Wright brothers open negotiations with the US government to build an airplane for the Army, but nothing comes of this first meeting.
[Show full text]
Finding Aid to the William R. Pogue Papers, 1939-2011
FINDING AID TO THE WILLIAM R. POGUE PAPERS, 1939-2011 Purdue University Libraries Virginia Kelly Karnes Archives and Special Collections Research Center 504 West State Street West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2058 (765) 494-2839 http://www.lib.purdue.edu/spcol © 2016 Purdue University Libraries. All rights reserved. Processed by: Mary A. Sego, September 12, 2016 Descriptive Summary Creator Information Pogue, William R., 1930-2014 Title William R. Pogue papers Collection Identifier MSP 208 Date Span 1939-2011; predominant, 1963-1994 Abstract Papers documenting aspects of William (Bill) R. Pogue’s career as an astronaut. There are a few items related to nuclear energy, including a copy of a signed letter from Albert Einstein to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in regards to research on the atomic bomb, dated August 2, 1939. Extent 0.30 cubic feet (1 mss box and 1 folder) Finding Aid Author Mary A. Sego, 2016 Languages English Repository Virginia Kelly Karnes Archives and Special Collections Research Center, Purdue University Libraries Administrative Information Location Information: ASC-R Access Restrictions: Collection is open for research. Acquisition Donated by William R. Pogue, September 27, 2013. Information: Accession Number: 20130927; 20140516 Preferred Citation: MSP 208, William R. Pogue papers, Karnes Archives and Special Collections, Purdue University Libraries Copyright Notice: Purdue University per deed of gift. Related Materials William Pogue official website: Information: http://www.williampogue.com/ The Manhattan Project: an interactive history, U.S. Department of Energy – Office of History and Heritage Resources: 9/27/2016 2 https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project- history/Events/1939-1942/einstein_letter.htm 9/27/2016 3 Subjects and Genres Persons Pogue, William R., 1930-2014 Organizations NASA United States Air Force Flights Archives at Purdue University Topics Astronauts Skylab Program Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Form and Genre Types Autobiography Correspondence DVDs Trading cards Occupations Astronaut 9/27/2016 4 Biography of William R.
[Show full text]
Labor History: the Astronaut Strike by Ed Leavy
Labor History: The Astronaut Strike By Ed Leavy Walking a picket line is not an option when orbiting thousands of miles above the earth, but that did not prevent the three crew on Skylab 4 from going on strike. On December 28, 1973, the three astronauts – Jerry Carr, Ed Gibson, and William Pogue – switched off their radio connection to NASA ground control in Houston and spent their time, “studying the sun, the earth below, and ourselves,” wrote Pogue. Meanwhile, the ground staff grumbled, unable to do anything. As anyone who has ever read The Right Stuff knows, the tension between NASA’s engineers staff in Houston and the astronauts has existed from the beginning of the space program. The astronauts saw themselves as the ones taking all the risks; nine American astronauts and six Soviet cosmonauts had died during the ten years before the Skylab 4 launch. Engineers and the ground crew resented the cult of celebrity astronauts had and viewed them as little more than drones; they would occasionally point out that the first flights were done with monkeys, and that worked out fine. By the time of Skylab 4, public interest in the space program had begun to wane, and with the loss of fame for the astronauts came a loss of status within the program. The schedule created for the Skylab astronauts was grueling. The 84-day orbit was the longest anyone had endured. Carr, Gibson, and Pogue were given 16-hour schedules for the entire journey; there was no personal time built into the plan. The schedule made tension inevitable, and it began immediately.
[Show full text]
Skylab: the Human Side of a Scientific Mission
SKYLAB: THE HUMAN SIDE OF A SCIENTIFIC MISSION Michael P. Johnson, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: J. Todd Moye, Major Professor Alfred F. Hurley, Committee Member Adrian Lewis, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Johnson, Michael P. Skylab: The Human Side of a Scientific Mission. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 115pp., 3 tables, references, 104 titles. This work attempts to focus on the human side of Skylab, America’s first space station, from 1973 to 1974. The thesis begins by showing some context for Skylab, especially in light of the Cold War and the “space race” between the United States and the Soviet Union. The development of the station, as well as the astronaut selection process, are traced from the beginnings of NASA. The focus then shifts to changes in NASA from the Apollo missions to Skylab, as well as training, before highlighting the three missions to the station. The work then attempts to show the significance of Skylab by focusing on the myriad of lessons that can be learned from it and applied to future programs. Copyright 2007 by Michael P. Johnson ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not be possible without the help of numerous people. I would like to begin, as always, by thanking my parents. You are a continuous source of help and guidance, and you have never doubted me. Of course I have to thank my brothers and sisters.
[Show full text]
Human Spaceflight. Activities for the Primary Student. Aerospace Education Services Project
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 288 714 SE 048 726 AUTHOR Hartsfield, John W.; Hartsfield, Kendra J. TITLE Human Spaceflight. Activities for the Primary Student. Aerospace Education Services Project. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Research Center. PUB DATE Oct 85 NOTE 126p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; Aerospace Technology; Educational Games; Elementary Education; *Elementary School Science; 'Science Activities; Science and Society; Science Education; *Science History; *Science Instruction; *Space Exploration; Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *Space Travel ABSTRACT Since its beginning, the space program has caught the attention of young people. This space science activity booklet was designed to provide information and learning activities for students in elementary grades. It contains chapters on:(1) primitive beliefs about flight; (2) early fantasies of flight; (3) the United States human spaceflight programs; (4) a history of human spaceflight activity; (5) life support systems for the astronaut; (6) food for human spaceflight; (7) clothing for spaceflight and activity; (8) warte management systems; (9) a human space flight le;g; and (10) addition 1 activities and pictures. Also included is a bibliography of books, other publications and films, and the answers to the three word puzzles appearing in the booklet. (TW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Activities CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as mewed from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to norm.
[Show full text]
Human Spaceflight
Human Spaceflight Space System Design, MAE 342, Princeton University Robert Stengel • Historical concepts and mis-concepts • Manned spacecraft and space stations • Extravehicular activity • Physiological and metabolic issues – Health and space medicine – Radiation exposure – Life support systems • Control capabilities and human error Copyright 2016 by Robert Stengel. All rights reserved. For educational use only. 1 http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE342.html 1 Impey Barbicane Captain Nicholl 1865 Jules Verne (1828-1905) 2 2 1 Princeton, ‘38 3 3 A Voyage to the Moon Cyrano de Bergerac (1619-1655) • Hercule-Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac • “Comical History of the States and Empires of the Moon”, written about 1649, published 1656 or 1657 • English translation, 1687 • In Firestone Library (below & left) 4 4 2 Cyrano's Voyage to the Moon and Back 5 5 1952 Rocket Ship/Space Station Concept C. Ryan, W. von Braun, et al, Across the Space Frontier, Collier’s Magazine Launch weight: 14M lb 6 6 3 Trouble in the Spacecraft: Ejection Capsule 7 7 Why Humans in Space? • Exploration • Scientific discovery • Engineering development • Construction, maintenance, and repair • Pilots, tourists, and tour guides 8 8 4 Man vs. Machine (Handbook of Astronautical Engineering, 1961) 9 9 Performance Issues for Manned Spaceflight • Flexibility, learning, • Physical labor and judgment • Endurance • Information bandwidth, • Ergonomics display, and • Control systems communication • Re-entry systems and • Pre-flight training recovery • Performance variation • Tools and equipment • Extra-vehicular activity • Recycling • Physical labor 10 10 5 Cooper-Harper Pilot Opinion Rating (NASA TN D-5153, 1969) 11 11 Cooper-Harper Pilot Opinion Rating (NASA TN D-5153, 1969) 12 12 6 Human Space Experience to April 2016 § Continuous human space presence since Oct.
[Show full text]