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Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED COLUMBUS PART II PLANNING ACT AND MUNICIPAL CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ACT STUDY, PART OF LOTS 8-17, CONCESSION 6 AND LOTS 7-17, CONCESSION 7, IN THE GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF EAST WHITBY, ONTARIO COUNTY, NOW IN THE CITY OF OSHAWA REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM ORIGINAL REPORT Prepared for: Macaulay Shiomi Howson Ltd. 600 Annette Street Toronto, ON M6S 2C4 T 416.487.4101 Archaeological Licence P449 (Bhardwaj) Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport PIF P449-0264-2018 ASI File: 18PL-093 24 April 2019 STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED COLUMBUS PART II PLANNING ACT AND MUNICIPAL CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ACT STUDY, PART OF LOTS 8-17, CONCESSION 6 AND LOTS 7-17, CONCESSION 7, IN THE GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF EAST WHITBY, ONTARIO COUNTY, NOW IN THE CITY OF OSHAWA REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ASI was contracted by the City of Oshawa to undertake a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Integrated Columbus Part II Planning Act and Municipal Class Environmental Assessment Act Study, part of Lots 8-17, Concession 6 and Lots 7-17, Concession 7, in the Geographic Township of East Whitby, Ontario County, now in the City of Oshawa, Regional Municipality of Durham. The study area is approximately 1553.6 ha in size. The Stage 1 background review entailed consideration of the proximity of previously registered archaeological sites and the original environmental setting of the property, along with nineteenth and twentieth-century settlement trends. The extent of previous archaeological assessments carried out in the vicinity of the study area was also reviewed. This research has led to the conclusion that there is potential for the presence of significant Indigenous and Euro-Canadian archaeological resources throughout the vast majority of the study area. Based on the application of the modeling criteria, approximately 64% or 1002 ha of the study area exhibits potential for the presence of Indigenous and/or Euro-Canadian archaeological resources. In light of these results the following recommendations are made: 1. Unless entirely confined to areas that have already been assessed and cleared of any further archaeological concern, any future developments within the study area must be preceded by a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment. Such assessment(s) must be conducted in accordance with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (S & G). All active or formerly worked agricultural lands must be assessed through pedestrian survey. Wood lots and other non-arable lands must be assessed by means of test pit survey. Areas deemed to be disturbed or of no potential due to factors of slope or drainage during the Stage 2 assessment process must be appropriately documented. ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Integrated Columbus Part II Planning Act and Municipal Class EA Study, City of Oshawa, Regional Municipality of Durham Page ii This work is required prior to any land disturbing activities in order to identify any archaeological resources that may be present. It should be noted that the archaeological assessment of any proposed development (e.g., a draft plan of subdivision) must be carried out on all lands within that particular study area, not simply those lands identified as exhibiting potential in this study. 2. During any further archaeological assessments, meaningful engagement with Indigenous communities should be conducted, as outlined in Section 35 of the S & G and Engaging Aboriginal Communities in Archaeology Technical Bulletin. 3. The Beall site (AlGr-209) represents a nineteenth-century historical occupation where the level of cultural heritage value or interest (C.H.V.I.) will result in a recommendation to proceed to Stage 4 mitigation Therefore, it is recommended that any future developments that may impact the portion of the site that remains be subject to a comprehensive Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment to more fully identify the character, extent, and significance of the archaeological deposit, in accordance with the S & G: a) The Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment should commence with the creation of a recording grid on a fixed datum, the position of which has been recorded using a GPS. Then, a controlled surface collection must be conducted to precisely define the nature and extent of the site. This work will require that the site area be ploughed and allowed to weather for at least one substantial rainfall prior to commencing this work. The location of each artifact should be mapped with the aid of a tape measure and transit, and a surface map produced of the site. b) A series of one-metre by one-metre test units will then be excavated across the entire site area at 10 m intervals within an established grid in order to determine the nature and extent of the cultural deposits. An additional 40% of the total number of units excavated on the grid will be strategically excavated at 5 m intervals throughout the site, around units of high artifact counts, and/or in other significant areas of the site. The test units should be excavated 5 cm into the sterile subsoil and soil fills screened through 6 mm wire mesh to facilitate artifact recovery. The ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Integrated Columbus Part II Planning Act and Municipal Class EA Study, City of Oshawa, Regional Municipality of Durham Page iii sterile subsoil should be troweled and all soil profiles examined for undisturbed cultural deposits; and c) The results of the Stage 3 assessment will be used to evaluate the significance of the site and to develop a series of recommendations concerning any further mitigative options that may be necessary. 4. The CH34 site (AlGr-323) represents a nineteenth-century historical occupation where the level of C.H.V.I. is not yet evident. As such, it is recommended that any future developments that may impact the site be subject to a comprehensive Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment to more fully identify the character, extent, and significance of the archaeological deposit, in accordance with the S & G. a) The Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment should commence with the creation of a recording grid on a fixed datum, the position of which has been recorded using a GPS. Then, a controlled surface collection must be conducted to precisely define the nature and extent of the site. This work will require that the site area be ploughed and allowed to weather for at least one substantial rainfall prior to commencing this work. The location of each artifact should be mapped with the aid of a tape measure and transit, and a surface map produced of the site. b) A series of one-metre by one-metre test units will then be excavated across the entire site area at 5 m intervals within an established grid in order to determine the nature and extent of the cultural deposits. An additional 20% of the total number of units excavated on the grid must be strategically excavated at 5 m intervals throughout the site, around units of high artifact counts or other significant areas of the site. The test units should be excavated 5 cm into the sterile subsoil and soil fills screened through 6 mm wire mesh to facilitate artifact recovery. The sterile subsoil should be troweled and all soil profiles examined for undisturbed cultural deposits. c) The results of the Stage 3 assessment will be used to evaluate the significance of the site and to develop a series of recommendations concerning any further mitigative options that may be necessary. ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Integrated Columbus Part II Planning Act and Municipal Class EA Study, City of Oshawa, Regional Municipality of Durham Page iv PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Managers: Beverly Garner, Hons. B.A. Senior Archaeologist | Manager, Planning Assessment Division Caitlin Lacy, B.A. (R303) Associate Archaeologist | Project Manager, Planning Assessment Division Project Director: Robb Bhardwaj, M.A. (P449) Associate Archaeologist | Field Director, Planning Assessment Division Report Preparation: Caitlin Lacy Graphics: Jonas Fernandez, M.Sc. (R281) Lead Archaeologist | Assistant Manager, Fleet & Geomatics Specialist, Operations Division Report Reviewers: David Robertson, M.A. Partner | Director, Planning Assessment Division ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Integrated Columbus Part II Planning Act and Municipal Class EA Study, City of Oshawa, Regional Municipality of Durham Page v TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... i PROJECT PERSONNEL ................................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Development Context ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Historical Context ................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Indigenous Overview ....................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Historical Overview ........................................................................................ 11 1.2.3 Review of Historical Mapping ........................................................................
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