DOCSLIB.ORG

Knowing Landscape: Living, Discussing, and Imagining the Toronto Carrying Place

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

KNOWING LANDSCAPE: LIVING, DISCUSSING, AND IMAGINING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE ANNIE VEILLEUX A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Programme in Interdisciplinary Studies York University, Toronto, Ontario December 2011 © Annie Veilleux, 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-88656-4 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-88656-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Canada iv ABSTRACT This study explores how people throughout history have come to know and ascribe meaning to landscape and place. It focuses on the case study of the Toronto Carrying Place, a unique cultural landscape that while of great antiquity, continues to resonate with people today. This thesis draws together a wide array of theoretical perspectives, research methods, and data to create an original and innovative exploration of the Toronto Carrying Place, a series of land and water routes that connected Lake Ontario to Georgian Bay. I suggest that cultural landscapes, past and present, can be known in three ways, whether by local peoples or outsiders: people make sense of landscape by living it, by discussing it, and by imagining it. An exploration of cultural landscapes through different ways of knowing allows for a nuanced narrative, one that encompasses the various historically specific, individually experienced, and culturally constructed ways people connect and ascribe meaning to place. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a great pleasure to extend my thanks to all those who have supported me throughout my studies. I have benefitted enormously from the supervision of an excellent committee. Thanks to Kathryn Denning, Carolyn Podruchny, and Jamie Scott for your guidance, your advice, and your encouragement. Your unwavering confidence in me throughout the writing process helped me get through it. Thanks to Jamie Scott, Fiona Fernandez, Marlene Kadar, Ouma Jaipaul-Gill, and all those behind the scenes of the Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Studies. What an amazing program! Thanks to all my friends and colleagues at Archaeological Services Inc. for their moral and intellectual support. This thesis has benefitted greatly from the conversations I have had with many of you over the years concerning cultural landscapes, the Toronto Carrying Place, travel, and place. I am reluctant to list names for fear of missing someone. You know who you are! I would, however, like to specifically thank Peter Carruthers, colleague, mentor, and friend. Thank you for sharing with me your wealth of personal knowledge and for showing me that every landscape has a story to tell. A special thanks to Ron Williamson for supporting and encouraging my decision to go back to school (again). Finally, thanks to Rebecca Sciarra, Lindsay Popert, and Mary-Cate Garden for their encouragement, their flexibility, and for generally putting up with me over this past year. I truly love working with you every day. Many individuals graciously gave their time to the improvement of this thesis at various stages in the writing process. I thank Peter Carruthers, Rachel Anne Farquharson, Peter Fraser, Rebecca Sciarra, and Ron Williamson. Thanks to Mary-Cate Garden for reviewing and commenting on the entire manuscript. Thanks to Peter and Valerie Fraser for your love and support, and for always having the kettle on. Un gros merci a ma famille, Gaetan et Carmelle Veilleux, Eric et Lissa Veilleux, et Andree et Phil Isaac, pour votre amour et votre encouragement. Merci Cloe, Anabel, et Laura - vos petites faces souriantes m'ont encourage a plusieurs reprises durant cette derniere annee. A special belly rub to Luchini who kept my feet warm and reminded me to take breaks during those long days of writing. Most importantly, thanks to my husband Peter for making me laugh every single day. Je t'aime. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi CHAPTER ONE: KNOWING LANDSCAPE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 'Le Passage de Taronto': Walking into the Heart of the Land 2 Historical Summary of the North Shore of Lake Ontario 5 INVESTIGATING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES 14 Landscape Studies as a Scholarly Pursuit 14 Cultural Landscapes in Heritage Conservation and Management 20 METHODOLOGY: MAKING SENSE OF THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE ..23 CHAPTER TWO: LIVING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE 28 LIVING LANDSCAPES 28 The Embodiment of Trails and Travelling 33 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES 35 LIVING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE 38 "High Places and Low Places" 39 Ancestral Landscape 42 New Landscape 48 Landscape of Fear 53 Landscape of Encounters 61 SUMMARY 71 CHAPTER THREE: DISCUSSING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE 73 DISCUSSING LANDSCAPE 73 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES 74 DISCUSSING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE 76 Talking 76 Naming place 84 Writing 93 Mapping 103 SUMMARY 112 CHAPTER FOUR: IMAGINING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE 116 IMAGINING LANDSCAPE 116 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES 124 IMAGINING THE TORONTO CARRYING PLACE 125 Becoming a Lieu de Memoire 125 Early Historians and Artists of the Toronto Carrying Place 128 National, Provincial, and Local Commemorations 137 vii Late Twentieth-Century Research on the Toronto Carrying Place 142 The Brule Debate 148 Interpretive Trails and the Toronto Carrying Place 152 Living the Toronto Carrying Place once more? 156 SUMMARY 158 CHAPTER FIVE: ENVOI 161 SOURCES 165 1 CHAPTER ONE: KNOWING LANDSCAPE INTRODUCTION How do people come to know and ascribe meaning to landscape and place? This study explores these processes by bringing together theoretical and methodological concepts, tools, and data that cross disciplinary boundaries. As a case study, this thesis focuses on a particular landscape feature that, while of great antiquity, still continues to resonate with people today: the Toronto Carrying Place. This cultural landscape comprises a series of trails that connected Lake Ontario to the Upper Great Lakes by way of Lake Simcoe. The goal of this study is not to provide a complete history of the various peoples who have crossed the Toronto Carrying Place, nor is it to determine the exact route of the individual trails. Rather, this study aims to answer a seemingly basic question: what has the Toronto Carrying Place meant to the myriad of people who have walked its paths, either physically or in their imagination, from its earliest inception until today? The goal is to illuminate this cultural landscape that, while ever-changing and evolving in collective imaginations, manages to connect us through time and space. Following a brief introduction to the Toronto Carrying Place and a historical summary of the north shore that provides a historical and cultural context for the rest of the thesis, this chapter contains a short historiography of the study of cultural landscapes in academic and heritage conservation and management settings, highlighting the extensive range of theoretical and methodological approaches. Drawing on this diversity, I then propose an interdisciplinary approach to the study of cultural landscapes to better understand how people, past and present, come to know and make sense of a particular 2 cultural landscape such as the Toronto Carrying Place. I argue that to fully understand a cultural landscape, in the past as in the present, one should explore how it has been lived, discussed, and imagined over time. 'Le Passage de Taronto': Walking into the Heart of the Land1 The topography between Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay has invited the development of major transportation routes for millennia. A network of major rivers and tributaries flows both north and south from the Oak Ridges Moraine, the drainage divide between Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay. Along with the surrounding landforms, this network has always influenced both methods and direction of travel. For example, while canoe travel in south-central Ontario was limited to the lakes and the lower reaches of the major streams and rivers, the waterways provided a permanent system of landmarks to orient people travelling on foot along the dry highlands of the river valleys. A number of these land and water routes connected Lake Ontario to the upper Great Lakes by converging on Lake Simcoe. Perhaps the best documented of these routes was that which followed the Humber River valley. The Humber trail followed the East Branch of the Humber River northward over the drainage divide to the West Branch of the Holland River.
Recommended publications
  • Excavating the Past

    Excavating the Past

    What Lies .28 10 Beneath 01 01/ Early hunters in the Toronto region would have sought high vantage points, such as shoreline cliffs, to track herds of caribou and other large game. IMAGE/ Shelley Huson, Archaeological Services Inc. 02/ 11,000-year-old stone points IMAGE/ Museum of Ontario Archaeology, Wilfrid Jury Collection 03/ A 500-year-old human effigy that adorned a ceramic pipe IMAGE/ Andrea Carnevale, Archaeological Services Inc. 04/ A 2,500-year-old artifact made of banded slate IMAGE/ Museum of Ontario Archaeology, Wilfrid Jury Collection Excavating the past TEXT BY RONALD F. WILLIAMSON AND SUSAN HUGHES What Lies .28 11 Beneath For more than 13,000 years, southern in Ontario require archaeological assess - planning guidelines for their management. Ontario has been home to indigenous ments, which are mandated by the Many regional municipalities, such as populations. These indigenous peoples Provincial Policy Statement, for projects Ottawa, Durham, York, and Halton, and once occupied thousands of encampments within their jurisdictions. cities such as Kingston, Toronto, Brantford, and temporary villages. They left no written London, and Windsor, among others, have record of their lives, and their legacy Some projects, however, may not undertaken archaeological management consists of the oral histories and traditions “trigger” a permit requirement. In these plans. In these municipalities, planners passed on to their descendants, as well instances, due diligence is critical, because use the potential mapping to decide which as the archaeological traces of their settle - encountering an archaeological feature projects require assessments. ments. These traces are fragile: whenever during project work can result in costly you dig in the ground, you could be delays.
  • Brief Memoir of the Old French Fort at Toronto

    Brief Memoir of the Old French Fort at Toronto

    3 9004 01514902 BRIEF MEMOIR OLD FRMCH FOET AT TORONTO. BY THE REV. DR. SCADDING. 77 ; BRIEF MEMOIR OLD FRENCH FORT AT TORONTO BY THE REV. DR. SCADDING [The foundation stone of an Obelisk to mark the site of the old French fort or trading post at Toronto, was laid on the last day of the Semi-Centennial week, 1884, by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, assisted by the Mayor of Toronto, A. Boswell, Esq., and J. B. McMurrich, Esq., Chairman of the Semi-Centennial Committee. The following paper, prepared at the request of the Committee, was read on the occasion.] The domain of the Five Nations of the Iroquois, which extended along the whole of the south side of Lake Ontario, was, for a time, regarded, in theory at least, as neutral ground, by the French of New France and the English of New England. But both French and English soon shewed a desire to obtain a foothold there ; first for the purposes of trade, and, secondly, with a view, it cannot be doubted, of ultimate possession by treaty or otherwise. By permission from the neighbouring Aborigines, La Salle, in 1679 ? erected a small stockade at the mouth of the Niagara River, to be simply a receptacle for the peltries brought down from the far West, from Michilimackinac and Detroit, by way of Lake Erie ; which stockade, by 1725 had become the strong, solid fortress which, with some enlargements, we see to-day in good order on the eastern side of the entrance to the world-famous river just named.
  • A Review of Northern Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts: a Search for Meaning

    A Review of Northern Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts: a Search for Meaning

    Williamson and Veilleux Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts 3 A Review of Northern Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts: A Search for Meaning Ronald F. Williamson and Annie Veilleux The Northern Iroquoian practice of producing finely etched designs on bone and antler tools is examined in the context of conveying symbolic messages, some of which were communicated both privately and pub- licly. This paper presents the results of a review of the archaeological literature, which focused on both the symbolism inherent in the designs and the ideological roles in society of the animals from which the arti- facts were produced. Tables of provenience and descriptive attribute data are provided for each class of arti- fact as well as a summary of the highlights and trends in decoration for each. Introduction Trigger 1976:73), it has been suggested that their disc-shape may have been intended to represent In the winter of 1623-1624, Gabriel Sagard, a the sun and that patterns such as the one in Recollet friar, visited the country of the Huron in Figure 1, found on a late fifteenth or early six- what is now southern Ontario and, based on a teenth century Iroquoian site in southwestern series of encounters the Huron had with their ene- Ontario, represent sunbursts, similar to those mies, he noted that after having clubbed their ene- that are common in the art and cosmology of the mies or shot them dead with arrows, the Huron contemporaneous Southeastern Ceremonial carried away their heads (Wrong 1939:152-153). Complex (Cooper 1984:44; Jamieson1983:166).
  • City of Orillia a G E N

    City of Orillia a G E N

    CITY OF ORILLIA Regular Council Meeting Monday, September 16, 2019 - 7:00 p.m. Council Chamber, Orillia City Centre A G E N D A Infrared hearing aids are available on the east wall at the back of the Council Chamber. Page Call to Order O Canada Moment of Silence Approval of Agenda Disclosure of Interest Presentation Deputations 7 - 34 1. Stan Mathewson will be present to discuss Sustainable Orillia's 2020 Budget request. Minutes - August 15, 2019 Regular Council Meeting Correspondence Reports 35 - 36 1. Report Number 2019-10 of Council Committee. 1. THAT as recommended in Report CD-19-14 dated August 26, 2019 from the Clerk's Department, the appeal process set out in Chapter 834 of the City of Orillia Municipal Code - Clean and Clear be repealed. 2. THAT as recommended in Report ED-19-15 dated August 28, 2019 from the Economic Development Department, staff be directed to work with a consultant to prepare an economic impact study of the Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital on the Orillia area, with a focus on the economic impact Page 1 of 67 Page on the downtown core; AND THAT $40,000 be appropriated from the Operating Contingency Budget to prepare the economic impact study. 3. THAT as recommended in Report WWG-19-04 dated September 3, 2019 from the Economic Development Department, an additional $6,500 be approved and funded from the Land Acquisition Reserve for reference plans and survey work related to the Waterfront Redevelopment Project. 4. THAT Report TREAS-2019-G07 dated September 3, 2019 from the Treasury Department regarding the Semi-Annual Statement of Expenses for Members of Council from January 1 to June 30, 2019 be received as information.
  • Toronto Has No History!’

    Toronto Has No History!’

    ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY By Victoria Jane Freeman A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto ©Copyright by Victoria Jane Freeman 2010 ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Victoria Jane Freeman Graduate Department of History University of Toronto The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius , ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. i i iii In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s.
  • Annual Report

    Annual Report

    Annual Report OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL AssocIATION FOR THE YEAR 1966 + VOLUME 1 + Proceedings SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Prii;iting Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.00 Letter of Submittal THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D.C., June 15, 1967 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the act of incorporation of the American Historical Association, approved January 4, 1889, I have the honor of submitting to Congress the Annual Report of the Association for the year 1966. Respectfully, S. DILLON RIPLEY, Secretary m Letter of Transmittal THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Washington, D.C., June 15, 1967 To the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution: As provided by law, I submit to you herewith the report of the American Historical Association for the year 1966. This by custom consists of two volumes. Volume I comprises the proceedings of the Association for 1966, the report of its Pacific Coast Branch for 1966, and the list of the members of the Association, as of this July, which customarily appears in our report every three years. Volume II will contain the Writings on American History for 1964. The two volumes constitute the Association's report onthe con­ dition of historical study in this country. PAULL. WARD, Executive Secretary v INTRODUCTION The American Historical Association is a non-profit, member­ ship corporation created in 1889 by special act of Congress for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and the dis'Semination of the fruits of his­ torical research.
  • Exhibition Place Master Plan – Phase 1 Proposals Report

    Exhibition Place Master Plan – Phase 1 Proposals Report

    Acknowledgments The site of Exhibition Place has had a long tradition as a gathering place. Given its location on the water, these lands would have attracted Indigenous populations before recorded history. We acknowledge that the land occupied by Exhibition Place is the traditional territory of many nations including the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishnabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee and the Wendat peoples and is now home to many diverse First Nations, Inuit and Metis peoples. We also acknowledge that Toronto is covered by Treaty 13 with the Mississaugas of the Credit, and the Williams Treaties signed with multiple Mississaugas and Chippewa bands. Figure 1. Moccasin Identifier engraving at Toronto Trillium Park The study team would like to thank City Planning Division Study Team Exhibition Place Lynda Macdonald, Director Don Boyle, Chief Executive Officer Nasim Adab Gilles Bouchard Tamara Anson-Cartwright Catherine de Nobriga Juliana Azem Ribeiro de Almeida Mark Goss Bryan Bowen Hardat Persaud David Brutto Tony Porter Brent Fairbairn Laura Purdy Christian Giles Debbie Sanderson Kevin Lee Kelvin Seow Liz McFarland Svetlana Lavrentieva Board of Governors Melanie Melnyk Tenants, Clients and Operators Dan Nicholson James Parakh David Stonehouse Brad Sunderland Nigel Tahair Alison Torrie-Lapaire 4 - PHASE 1 PROPOSALS REPORT FOR EXHIBITION PLACE Local Advisory Committee Technical Advisory Committee Bathurst Quay Neighbourhood Association Michelle Berquist - Transportation Planning The Bentway Swinzle Chauhan – Transportation Services
  • York Online Undergraduate Research

    York Online Undergraduate Research

    Revue YOUR Review Volume/Tome 3 (2016) York Online Undergraduate Research Intended to showcase York University (Toronto, Canada) student research, Revue YOUR Review is an annual, refereed e-journal offering an opportunity for York University students to prepare a paper for publication. The journal is multidisciplinary, open-access, and bilingual: articles are published in English or in French. Revue York Online Undergraduate Research Review is associated with York University’s annual, multidisciplinary Undergraduate Research Fair. Articles are revised from top essays submitted for York University credit courses and accepted as poster presentations at the juried Research Fair. Submissions are reviewed by an Editorial Board comprised of York University faculty members, writing instructors, librarians, and students, and may also be sent to expert readers within the discipline. Together, the Research Fair and its associated e-journal offer students an educational experience in researching, writing, preparing an abstract, designing and presenting a poster session, and revising a paper for publication—all components in the cycle of scholarly knowledge production and dissemination. Author rights are governed by Creative Commons licensing. La Revue YOUR Review se propose de mettre en valeur la recherche des étudiants de premier cycle et offre aux étudiants de l’Université York (Toronto, Canada) l’occasion de rédiger un article pour la publication. Cette revue annuelle à comité de lecture et à libre accès est pluridisciplinaire et bilingue (anglais/français). La Revue York Online Undergraduate Research Review est liée à la foire annuelle de recherche de l’Université York. Les articles ont été sélectionnés et révisés des meilleures dissertations soumises pour un cours de premier cycle à l’Université et acceptées comme présentation d’affiches à cette foire, elle-même sous la direction d’un jury.
  • History of Toronto from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia the History of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Begins Several Millennia Ago

    History of Toronto from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia the History of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Begins Several Millennia Ago

    History of Toronto From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The history of Toronto, Ontario, Canada begins several millennia ago. Archaeological finds in the area have found artifacts of First Nations settlements dating back several thousand years. The Wyandot people were likely the first group to live in the area, followed by the Iroquois. When Europeans first came to Toronto, they found a small village known as Teiaiagon on the banks of the Humber River. Between visits by European explorers, the village was abandoned by the Iroquois, who moved south of Lake Ontario and the Mississaugas, a branch of the Ojibwa settled along the north shore of the lake. The French first set up trading posts in the area, including Fort Rouillé in 1750, which they abandoned as the British conquered French North America. In 1788, the British negotiated the first treaty to take possession of the Toronto area from the Mississaugas. After the United States War of Independence, the area north of Lake Ontario was held by the British who set up the province of Upper Canada in 1791. See also: Name of Toronto https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DavenportBathurstSoutheast.jpg Davenport Road, as shown here in 1914, does not follow Toronto's standard street grid pattern, as it originated as a First Nations travel route between the Humber River and the Don Valley named Gete-Onigaming, Ojibwe for "at the old portage."[1] Toronto is located on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, and was originally a term of indeterminate geographical location, designating the approximate area of the future city of Toronto on maps dating to the late 17th and early 18th century.
  • Uot History Freidland.Pdf

    Uot History Freidland.Pdf

    Notes for The University of Toronto A History Martin L. Friedland UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2002 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Friedland, M.L. (Martin Lawrence), 1932– Notes for The University of Toronto : a history ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 1. University of Toronto – History – Bibliography. I. Title. LE3.T52F75 2002 Suppl. 378.7139’541 C2002-900419-5 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the finacial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada, through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). Contents CHAPTER 1 – 1826 – A CHARTER FOR KING’S COLLEGE ..... ............................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 – 1842 – LAYING THE CORNERSTONE ..... ..................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3 – 1849 – THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND TRINITY COLLEGE ............................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4 – 1850 – STARTING OVER ..... ..........................................................................
  • National Historic Sites of Canada System Plan Will Provide Even Greater Opportunities for Canadians to Understand and Celebrate Our National Heritage

    National Historic Sites of Canada System Plan Will Provide Even Greater Opportunities for Canadians to Understand and Celebrate Our National Heritage

    PROUDLY BRINGING YOU CANADA AT ITS BEST National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Parks Parcs Canada Canada 2 6 5 Identification of images on the front cover photo montage: 1 1. Lower Fort Garry 4 2. Inuksuk 3. Portia White 3 4. John McCrae 5. Jeanne Mance 6. Old Town Lunenburg © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, (2000) ISBN: 0-662-29189-1 Cat: R64-234/2000E Cette publication est aussi disponible en français www.parkscanada.pch.gc.ca National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Foreword Canadians take great pride in the people, places and events that shape our history and identify our country. We are inspired by the bravery of our soldiers at Normandy and moved by the words of John McCrae’s "In Flanders Fields." We are amazed at the vision of Louis-Joseph Papineau and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. We are enchanted by the paintings of Emily Carr and the writings of Lucy Maud Montgomery. We look back in awe at the wisdom of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George-Étienne Cartier. We are moved to tears of joy by the humour of Stephen Leacock and tears of gratitude for the courage of Tecumseh. We hold in high regard the determination of Emily Murphy and Rev. Josiah Henson to overcome obstacles which stood in the way of their dreams. We give thanks for the work of the Victorian Order of Nurses and those who organ- ized the Underground Railroad. We think of those who suffered and died at Grosse Île in the dream of reaching a new home.
  • Toronto's Cartographic Birth Certificate

    Toronto's Cartographic Birth Certificate

    Document generated on 09/26/2021 3:49 a.m. Ontario History Toronto’s Cartographic Birth Certificate Hiding in Plain Sight for 350 Years Rick Laprairie Volume 110, Number 2, Fall 2018 Article abstract This article posits that the earliest map to have ever used the name Toronto as a URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1053510ar place is uncovered. Previously unnoticed, the name “Tarontos Lac,” for today’s DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1053510ar Lake Simcoe, is on a 1678 map by Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin. His map, “Carte pour servir a l’eclaircissement du Papier Terrier de la Nouvelle France,” is See table of contents now recognized as Toronto’s cartographic birth certificate. The article describes the map, discusses how the discovery came about and why the name may have gone unnoticed until now. This cartographic study is set in the history of the Publisher(s) exploration of the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi River. Three other unsigned and undated period maps, often claimed as “Toronto” firsts, are also The Ontario Historical Society examined. These claims are dismissed, as revised attributions show them to have been by different cartographers and dated later than originally thought, making ISSN Franquelin’s map the oldest. The cartographic genealogy of the name Toronto is traced back through three and a half centuries to its initial appearance on 0030-2953 (print) Franquelin’s map. 2371-4654 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Laprairie, R. (2018). Toronto’s Cartographic Birth Certificate: Hiding in Plain Sight for 350 Years. Ontario History, 110(2), 152–175.