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Notes for The University of Toronto A History Martin L. Friedland UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2002 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Friedland, M.L. (Martin Lawrence), 1932– Notes for The University of Toronto : a history ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 1. University of Toronto – History – Bibliography. I. Title. LE3.T52F75 2002 Suppl. 378.7139’541 C2002-900419-5 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the finacial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada, through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). Contents CHAPTER 1 – 1826 – A CHARTER FOR KING’S COLLEGE ..... ............................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 – 1842 – LAYING THE CORNERSTONE ..... ..................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3 – 1849 – THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND TRINITY COLLEGE ............................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4 – 1850 – STARTING OVER ..... ........................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 5 – 1853 – NEW PROFESSORS ..... ......................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 6 – 1856 – BUILDING UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ..... ............................................ 38 CHAPTER 7 – 1860 – SAVING THE UNIVERSITY ..... ........................................................... 42 CHAPTER 8 – 1871 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ..... .................................................... 48 CHAPTER 9 – 1880 – THE ADMISSION OF WOMEN..... ..................................................... 54 CHAPTER 10 – 1883 – FEDERATION ..... ................................................................................ 60 CHAPTER 11 – 1887 – MORE NEW PROFESSORS ..... .......................................................... 68 CHAPTER 12 – 1887 – MEDICINE ..... ..................................................................................... 76 CHAPTER 13 – 1889 – LAW, DENTISTRY, AND OTHER PROFESSIONS ..... ..................... 83 CHAPTER 14 – 1890 – THE FIRE AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ..... .................................. 88 CHAPTER 15 – 1895 – THE STRIKE ..... .................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 16 – 1897 – GRADUATE STUDIES ..... ................................................................ 104 CHAPTER 17 – 1901 – THE TURN OF THE CENTURY AND THE RISE OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION ..... ................................................................................ 113 CHAPTER 18 – 1905 – WHITNEY AND THE ROYAL COMMISSION ..... ......................... 122 CHAPTER 19 – 1907 – ROBERT FALCONER CHOSEN ..... ................................................ 131 CHAPTER 20 – 1908 – FALCONER’S EARLY YEARS ..... ..................................................... 138 CHAPTER 21 – 1909 – EDUCATION, MEDICINE, AND THE MUSEUM ..... ................... 146 CHAPTER 22 – 1914 – THE GREAT WAR ............................................................................. 157 CHAPTER 23 – 1919 – POST WAR..... .................................................................................... 168 CHAPTER 24 – 1922 – RESEARCH AND GRADUATE STUDIES ..... ................................. 177 CHAPTER 25 – 1926 – GOOD YEARS ..... .............................................................................. 188 CHAPTER 26 – 1931 – DEPRESSING TIMES ..... .................................................................. 198 CHAPTER 27 – 1939 – THE SECOND WORLD WAR ..... .................................................... 211 CHAPTER 28 – 1944 – CHANGING THE GUARD ..... ......................................................... 226 CHAPTER 29 – 1950 – ‘EASY STREET’ ..... ............................................................................ 239 CHAPTER 30 – 1955 – PLANNING FOR GROWTH..... ....................................................... 249 CHAPTER 31 – 1958 – FINANCING EXPANSION ..... ......................................................... 258 CHAPTER 32 – 1960 – NEW COLLEGES ..... ......................................................................... 272 CHAPTER 33 – 1962 – GRADUATE STUDIES: FROM MASSEY COLLEGE TO THE ROBARTS LIBRARY ........................................................................................ 282 CHAPTER 34 – 1963 – MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENDEAVOURS ..... .................................... 291 CHAPTER 35 – 1966 – ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE .................................................. 304 CHAPTER 36 – 1967 – STUDENT ACTIVISM ..... ................................................................ 316 CHAPTER 37 – 1971 – A NEW ACT ..... ................................................................................. 325 CHAPTER 38 – 1975 – SLIDING DOWN PARNASSUS ..... .................................................. 335 CHAPTER 39 – 1980 – FINANCIAL AND OTHER CONCERNS ..... .................................. 347 CHAPTER 40 – 1986 – MOVING FORWARD ....................................................................... 361 CHAPTER 41 – 1994 – RAISING THE SIGHTS ..... ............................................................... 374 CHAPTER 42 – 1997 – MOVING UP PARNASSUS ..... ......................................................... 386 EPILOGUE – 2000 – A WALK THROUGH THE CAMPUS ..... ............................................. 397 Using these Notes Footnotes are identified in this document by words or phrases from the text. To look up the source for a statement in the text, click on the relevant chap- ter in the bookmarks pane on the left and scroll down to the appropriate page and paragraph from the text. If you don’t see the list of chapters, click on the word ‘Contents’ in the bookmarks pane to display it. You can also use Adobe Acrobat Reader’s Find function to search for specific words. Choose Find from the Edit menu or click on the binoculars button in the toolbar. Acrobat will allow you to set your view to a size you feel comfortable read- ing. Select a size from the View menu above or click one of the page view buttons in the toolbar. If you need further help using Acrobat Reader, choose from the Help menu. Notes for The University of Toronto: A History © University of Toronto Press Inc. 2002. Permission granted to print for personal use only. 7 CHAPTER 1 – 1826 – A CHARTER FOR KING’S COLLEGE 1. Page 3, para. 1 – “later called Toronto”: York became the city of Toronto on March 6, 1834: Eric Arthur, Toronto: No Mean City, 3rd edition (University of Toronto Press, 1986) at 68. 2. Page 3, para. 1 – “a proposed university for Upper Canada”: Colonial Advocate, March 23, 1826; University of King’s College, Toronto, Upper Canada – Proceedings at the Ceremony of Laying the Foundation Stone, April 23, 1842; and at the Opening of the University, June 8, 1843 (Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell, 1843) at 38; J. George Hodgins, Documentary History of Education in Upper Canada, v. 1 (Toronto: Warwick Bros. and Rutter, 1984) at 215; G. M. Craig, “John Strachan,” DCB, v. 9 at 758. 3. Page 3, para. 2 – “until 1841”: Craig, “John Strachan” at 755. 4. Page 3, para. 2 – “education for the province”: Craig, “John Strachan” at 756; the Board did not go into opera- tion until after Imperial approval had been received in 1823. 5. Page 3, para. 2 – “a charter for a university”: W. Stewart Wallace, A History of the University of Toronto, 1827- 1927 (University of Toronto Press, 1927) at 10. 6. Page 3, para. 3 – “the eyebrows of his opponents over the years”: E.g., the Colonial Advocate, November 8, 1827 : “Such a man would turn Turk or Pagan if it answered his purpose, for he is the real atheist, being truly of no religion at all.” 7. Page 3, para. 3 – “until his death in 1867 at the age of 90”: Craig, “John Strachan” at 754, 755, and 764-5; John S. Moir, Church and State in Canada West: Three Studies in the Relation of Denominationalism and Nationalism, 1841-1867 (University of Toronto Press, 1959) at 163; Elizabeth Helen Pearce, “King’s College: Purpose and Accountability in Higher Education: The Dilemma of King’s College, 1827-1853,” (Ph.D. thesis, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1998); John G. Slater, “Philosophy at Toronto” (unpublished manuscript) at 5. 8. Page 4, para. 1 – “Prime Minister Mackenzie King’s grandfather”: Frederick H. Armstrong and Ronald J. Stagg, “William Lyon Mackenzie,” DCB, v. 9 at 497-508; William Kilbourn, The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion in Upper Canada (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1956). 9. Page 4, para. 1– “‘…with which you now obey the nod of a Colonial Governor”: Colonial Advocate, March 9, 1826. 10. Page 4, para. 2 – “and was knighted later that year”: Hartwell Bowsfield, “Sir Peregrine Maitland,” DCB, v. 8 at 595-604; Wallace, A History of the University of Toronto at 5. While Wallace states the knighthood was for Maitland’s services at Waterloo, Bowsfield identifies his responsibilities for administering occupied Paris after the victory as the motive for the honour. Maitland was a friend of Lord Bathurst, the colonial secretary,