DOCSLIB.ORG

Toronto's Cartographic Birth Certificate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Toronto's Cartographic Birth Certificate Document generated on 09/26/2021 3:49 a.m. Ontario History Toronto’s Cartographic Birth Certificate Hiding in Plain Sight for 350 Years Rick Laprairie Volume 110, Number 2, Fall 2018 Article abstract This article posits that the earliest map to have ever used the name Toronto as a URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1053510ar place is uncovered. Previously unnoticed, the name “Tarontos Lac,” for today’s DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1053510ar Lake Simcoe, is on a 1678 map by Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin. His map, “Carte pour servir a l’eclaircissement du Papier Terrier de la Nouvelle France,” is See table of contents now recognized as Toronto’s cartographic birth certificate. The article describes the map, discusses how the discovery came about and why the name may have gone unnoticed until now. This cartographic study is set in the history of the Publisher(s) exploration of the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi River. Three other unsigned and undated period maps, often claimed as “Toronto” firsts, are also The Ontario Historical Society examined. These claims are dismissed, as revised attributions show them to have been by different cartographers and dated later than originally thought, making ISSN Franquelin’s map the oldest. The cartographic genealogy of the name Toronto is traced back through three and a half centuries to its initial appearance on 0030-2953 (print) Franquelin’s map. 2371-4654 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Laprairie, R. (2018). Toronto’s Cartographic Birth Certificate: Hiding in Plain Sight for 350 Years. Ontario History, 110(2), 152–175. https://doi.org/10.7202/1053510ar Copyright © The Ontario Historical Society, 2018 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ 152 ONTARIO HISTORY oronto’s Cartographic TBirth Certificate Hiding in Plain Sight for 350 Years By Rick Laprairie recent find has uncovered the might serve to illustrate the cartographic first map to use the name To- evolution of Toronto’s appearance on A ronto, in any of its various early maps. This particular map was of interest spellings, as a place name. The map is an since part of it covered the geography in unusual, but not unknown, 1678 work by question, and its date of production co- Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin, which incided with other maps thought to be serves as a land titles record. It is entitled, among the earliest to include the name. Carte pour servir a l’eclaircissement du Pa- Unfortunately, no readily available pier Terrier de la Nouvelle France, [Map copies of this map were of sufficient reso- serving to clarify the Land Registry in lution to accurately decipher all the place New France], (Map 1). Surprisingly, the names on it. Attempts to magnify images name “Tarontos Lac” on the map, for to- of it proved unsuccessful. The best results day’s Lake Simcoe, has gone unnoticed showed blurred text which looked like it and undocumented for almost three and might be the name Toronto, but were a half centuries (Map Segment 1). insufficient to allow for confirmation. Franquelin, born in France in 1651, Finally, succumbing to curiosity, a high was a cartographer in New France who resolution electronic copy of the original was commissioned in 1687 as the King’s map was ordered from its Parisian reposi- hydrographer at Quebec. His map plots tory. Within a few days, a message con- names of landowners whose properties taining the requested map was received, were arranged in long narrow strips of and from the downloaded image there land called “seigneureries” or fiefs, front- appeared on the monitor a piece of To- ing the St. Lawrence River. “Tarontos ronto’s history that amazingly had been Lac” appears quite unassumingly in the overlooked for more than three centu- south-western corner of the map. The au- ries. thor made this find while compiling a list But how is it that the name which of early maps of the Great Lakes which this map carries, despite being under our Ontario History / Volume CX, No. 2 / Autumn 2018 t0r0nto’s cartographic birth certificate 153 noses for so long, has escaped us until now? And what of other ear- Abstract lier maps commonly This article posits that the earliest map to have ever used the name cited as the first ones Toronto as a place is uncovered. Previously unnoticed, the name “Tarontos Lac,” for today’s Lake Simcoe, is on a 1678 map by on which the name Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin. His map, “Carte pour servir a To r o nt o a p p e a r s ? To l’eclaircissement du Papier Terrier de la Nouvelle France,” is now shed some light on recognized as Toronto’s cartographic birth certificate. The article these questions this ar- describes the map, discusses how the discovery came about and why ticle looks at the very the name may have gone unnoticed until now. This cartographic study is set in the history of the exploration of the Great Lakes convoluted histories region and the Mississippi River. Three other unsigned and un- behind the earliest car- dated period maps, often claimed as “Toronto” firsts, are also ex- tographic appearances amined. These claims are dismissed, as revised attributions show of the name Toronto. them to have been by different cartographers and dated later than originally thought, making Franquelin’s map the oldest. The carto- Most importantly, it graphic genealogy of the name Toronto is traced back through three will validate the recent- and a half centuries to its initial appearance on Franquelin’s map. ly found map as the Résumé: one which ought to be Dans cet article, nous révélons la première carte où apparaît le nom de Toronto. “Tarontos Lac”, actuellement le rightfully recognized as lac Simcoe, figure sur la Carte pour servir à l’éclaircissement Toronto’s cartographic du Papier Terrier de la Nouvelle France (1678) de Jean-Bap- birth certificate. tiste-Louis Franquelin. Ce document est aujourd’hui reconnu The Toronto comme le certificat de naissance cartographique de Toronto. Nous allons décrire cette carte, discuter de cette découverte Maps Muddle et essayer d’expliquer pourquoi ce nom est si longtemps passé here is presently inaperçu. Cette étude cartographique s’inscrit dans l’histoire considerable con- des Grands Lacs et du fleuve du Mississippi. Nous allons aussi T examiner trois autres cartes - ni signées ni datées - qui sont fusing and conflict- souvent proclamées les premières en ce qui concerne “Toronto”. ing information about Cependant, nous allons réfuter ces spéculations car la carte which map is the first de Franquelin est la plus ancienne. L’arbre généalogique car- map to carry the name tographique du nom de Toronto sera reconstitué en retraçant Toronto. This is to a les derniers 350 ans et en remontant jusqu’à son apparition sur degree understand- la carte de Franquelin. able. Many early maps are unsigned, undated and without title heading. Ascertaining early drafts or later copies of other maps, the provenance of anonymous centuries considering the repository in which they old maps relies on expert interpretation, are found, as well as dating names and handwriting analysis, references to maps places which are, or are not, on the maps. in correspondence, comparison to simi- In some cases scholars have given differ- lar maps, determining whether they are ent titles to the same map, often using 154 ONTARIO HISTORY Map 1: Carte… du Papier Terrier de la Nouvelle France... / Joannes Ludovicus Franquelin pinxit, 1678.1 obtuse and meaningless names, further decades of the seventeenth century into confusing identification. the eighteenth, the name imprinted it- Toronto, acording to the prevail- self across the entire landscape between ing theory, got its name from the Mo- Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay. The hawk word “Tkaranto,” meaning “where area came to be known as the “Passage there are trees standing in the water,” af- de Taronto” or the Toronto Portage, a ter the ancient fish weirs at the present well used trail with pre-recorded history day Atherley Narrows between Lake origins. There were two main branches; Simcoe and Lake Couchiching.2 Origi- an eastern branch, following the Rouge nally applied to Lake Simcoe on maps, River, and a western one following the French translations have variously called Humber River. The latter eventually be- it “Lac Taronto,” “Lac de Taronto,” and come the primary portage route to the “Lac Taronteau,” among other spellings. upper Great Lakes. Southern Georgian Bay was also called At least three different maps have “Baye de Taronto” and the name was ap- been claimed to be the first to use the plied at different times to both the Sev- name Toronto. Two are currently refer- ern and Humber Rivers. From the last enced on the City of Toronto web site. 1 Louis Franquelin, Carte pour servir à l’éclaircissement du papier terrier de la Nouvelle-France, 1678, Man- uscrit, Bibliotèque Nationale de France BnF, département des Cartes et Plans, CPL GE SH ARCH-23 B. 2 Alan Rayburn, “The Real Story of How Toronto got its Name,”Canadian Geographic -September/ October 1994, Ottawa, 68-70. t0r0nto’s cartographic birth certificate 155 Map Segment 1: Tarontos Lac, from Carte…du Papier Terrier de la Nouvelle France, Jean-Baptiste Franquelin, 1678.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Excavating the Past
    What Lies .28 10 Beneath 01 01/ Early hunters in the Toronto region would have sought high vantage points, such as shoreline cliffs, to track herds of caribou and other large game. IMAGE/ Shelley Huson, Archaeological Services Inc. 02/ 11,000-year-old stone points IMAGE/ Museum of Ontario Archaeology, Wilfrid Jury Collection 03/ A 500-year-old human effigy that adorned a ceramic pipe IMAGE/ Andrea Carnevale, Archaeological Services Inc. 04/ A 2,500-year-old artifact made of banded slate IMAGE/ Museum of Ontario Archaeology, Wilfrid Jury Collection Excavating the past TEXT BY RONALD F. WILLIAMSON AND SUSAN HUGHES What Lies .28 11 Beneath For more than 13,000 years, southern in Ontario require archaeological assess - planning guidelines for their management. Ontario has been home to indigenous ments, which are mandated by the Many regional municipalities, such as populations. These indigenous peoples Provincial Policy Statement, for projects Ottawa, Durham, York, and Halton, and once occupied thousands of encampments within their jurisdictions. cities such as Kingston, Toronto, Brantford, and temporary villages. They left no written London, and Windsor, among others, have record of their lives, and their legacy Some projects, however, may not undertaken archaeological management consists of the oral histories and traditions “trigger” a permit requirement. In these plans. In these municipalities, planners passed on to their descendants, as well instances, due diligence is critical, because use the potential mapping to decide which as the archaeological traces of their settle - encountering an archaeological feature projects require assessments. ments. These traces are fragile: whenever during project work can result in costly you dig in the ground, you could be delays.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Memoir of the Old French Fort at Toronto
    3 9004 01514902 BRIEF MEMOIR OLD FRMCH FOET AT TORONTO. BY THE REV. DR. SCADDING. 77 ; BRIEF MEMOIR OLD FRENCH FORT AT TORONTO BY THE REV. DR. SCADDING [The foundation stone of an Obelisk to mark the site of the old French fort or trading post at Toronto, was laid on the last day of the Semi-Centennial week, 1884, by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, assisted by the Mayor of Toronto, A. Boswell, Esq., and J. B. McMurrich, Esq., Chairman of the Semi-Centennial Committee. The following paper, prepared at the request of the Committee, was read on the occasion.] The domain of the Five Nations of the Iroquois, which extended along the whole of the south side of Lake Ontario, was, for a time, regarded, in theory at least, as neutral ground, by the French of New France and the English of New England. But both French and English soon shewed a desire to obtain a foothold there ; first for the purposes of trade, and, secondly, with a view, it cannot be doubted, of ultimate possession by treaty or otherwise. By permission from the neighbouring Aborigines, La Salle, in 1679 ? erected a small stockade at the mouth of the Niagara River, to be simply a receptacle for the peltries brought down from the far West, from Michilimackinac and Detroit, by way of Lake Erie ; which stockade, by 1725 had become the strong, solid fortress which, with some enlargements, we see to-day in good order on the eastern side of the entrance to the world-famous river just named.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Northern Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts: a Search for Meaning
    Williamson and Veilleux Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts 3 A Review of Northern Iroquoian Decorated Bone and Antler Artifacts: A Search for Meaning Ronald F. Williamson and Annie Veilleux The Northern Iroquoian practice of producing finely etched designs on bone and antler tools is examined in the context of conveying symbolic messages, some of which were communicated both privately and pub- licly. This paper presents the results of a review of the archaeological literature, which focused on both the symbolism inherent in the designs and the ideological roles in society of the animals from which the arti- facts were produced. Tables of provenience and descriptive attribute data are provided for each class of arti- fact as well as a summary of the highlights and trends in decoration for each. Introduction Trigger 1976:73), it has been suggested that their disc-shape may have been intended to represent In the winter of 1623-1624, Gabriel Sagard, a the sun and that patterns such as the one in Recollet friar, visited the country of the Huron in Figure 1, found on a late fifteenth or early six- what is now southern Ontario and, based on a teenth century Iroquoian site in southwestern series of encounters the Huron had with their ene- Ontario, represent sunbursts, similar to those mies, he noted that after having clubbed their ene- that are common in the art and cosmology of the mies or shot them dead with arrows, the Huron contemporaneous Southeastern Ceremonial carried away their heads (Wrong 1939:152-153). Complex (Cooper 1984:44; Jamieson1983:166).
    [Show full text]
  • Rouge River Rouge River
    Rouge River State of the Watershed Report Surface Water Quantity Goal: Surface waters of a quantity, volume and naturally variable rate of flow to: $ protect aquatic and terrestrial life and ecological functions; $ protect human life and property from risks due to flooding; $ contribute to the protection of Lake Ontario as a domestic drinking water source; $ support sustainable agricultural, industrial, and commercial water supply needs; $ support swimming, fishing and the opportunity to safely consume fish; and $ contribute to the removal of Toronto from the Great Lakes list of Areas of Concern. Surface Water Quantity Key Findings: The Main Rouge subwatershed has been subject to significant urbanization with an approximate total impervious cover of 18% as of 2002. Several studies suggest that the maximum impervious cover that a watershed can withstand before experiencing severe hydrologic changes and consequent geomorphic and ecological impacts is approximately 10%. There has been significantly less urbanization in the Little Rouge subwatershed and impervious surfaces make up only 2% of the subwatershed area. As a result, hydrologic impacts and related effects are much less severe than on the Main Rouge River. Average annual flows in the Main Rouge River show a long-term increasing trend of over 1.3% per year in the past 40 years. This rate of increase is significantly greater than that on the Little Rouge River or nearby rural watersheds and is indicative of the effect of urbanization on the hydrologic cycle. The Rouge River has become flashy and now generates high flows in response to rainfall events that caused almost no response in the river prior to widespread development.
    [Show full text]
  • Arguments in Favor of the Ottawa and Georgian Bay Ship Canal
    ldo6 Oeoigian i3ay canal. Arguments in ravor ox the Ottawa and G-eorgian i3ay siiip canal. Ctbranj KINGSTON, ONTARIO > K*>) }?.Uk ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE OTTAWA AND GEORGIAN BAY 1 » WAP SKIP O -<A- 3SJ" A X# 5 THE SHORTEST, SAFEST, AND CHEAPEST ROUTE TO THE OCEAN FROM THE GREAT WEST, THROUGH CANADIAN TEPtRITORY AND THE ONLY CI.KT.UN M*ANS OK REVIVING AND RESTORING THE TRADE OF UNITED CANADA. ^%jm* y >.. .. — OTTAWA CITY, CANADA WEST. - 1856. n PRINTED AT OFFICE OF THE OTTAWA CITIZEN *. » » a II r=- , « « * * ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OP THE OTTAWA AND GEORGIAN BAY SHIP CANAIj; THE SHORTEST, SAFEST, AND CHEAPEST ROUTE TO THE OCEAN FROM THE GREAT WEST, THEOUGH CANADIAN TERRITORY; AND THE ONLY CERTAIN MEANS OF REVIVING AND RESTORING THE TRADE OF UNITED CANADA. OTTAWA CITY, CANADA WEST. ----- 1856. PRINTED AT OFFICE OF THE OTTAWA CITIZEN, YSo\^ At the first meeting of the Municipal Council of the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, held for the present year, at the Court House in L'Orignal, a petition was presented and unanimously adopted : u That a memorial be immediately drawn up and signed by the Warden, to the three branches of the Government, in favour of the Ottawa and Georgian Bay Ship Canal, and that a sum be appropriated to bring the subject, in a pamphlet form, before the public, and that Chas. P. Treadwell, Esq., Sheriff of these United Countiea, be requested to compile the same." In compliance with the foregoing request, and while offering nothing new of my own, I have selected from various papers letters and leading articles bearing on this most important subject.
    [Show full text]
  • TOWNSHIP of GILLIES RR#I,1092 Hwy. 595, Kakabeka Falls, Ontario POT Lwo Tel: (807) 475-3185
    TOWNSHIP OF GILLIES RR#I,1092 Hwy. 595, Kakabeka Falls, Ontario POT lWO Tel: (807) 475-3185. Fax: (807) 473-0767 E~Mail: [email protected] • www.gilliestownship.ca Reeve: Rick Kleri Administration: Councillors: Rosalie A. Evans, Rudy Buitenhuis COPIEDTO: COUNCH... 0 DEPT HEAOSCJ Solicitor·Clerk, Deputy Treasurer Willlam Groenheide Nadia La Russa, Treasurer Karen O'Gorman Shara Lavallee, Deputy Clerk Wendy Wright February 10, 201 5 AC110tt ~l£Dcc ~ Rc:: oEPTH~SD Transmitted by email: REFERRED TO: '\. l .. I ,...c:; All Municipal Clerks For Municipalities in Northern Ontario (North of the French River) Re: Resolution of the Council of The Corporation ofthe TOWlShip of Gilties th Passed on February 9 , 2015, relating to the Chicken Farmers of Ontario Exempt Flock Limit Dear Mr. or Madam Cleric Please be ad vised that the Council of The Corporation of the Township of Gillies passed the fol lowing resolution (moved by Councillor O'Gorman and seconded by Councillor Groenheide) at its regular meeting held February 4th, 2015: WHEREAS the current exempt flock limit of 300 broiler birds from the quota system of the Chicken Farmers of Ontario is too low to allow a viable business model for small scale producers; AND WHEREAS other Provinces have higher exemption levels, which allow for local small agri-business economic development; AND WHEREAS Premier Wynne promotes increased agricultural production in Ontario to enhance the local food movement; AND WHEREAS Northern Ontario's economy is an excellent setting for agricultural production as diversification
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 5 Has Been Updated to Reflect the Specific Additions/Revisions Outlined in the Errata to the Environmental Project Report, Dated November, 2017
    DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY This Revised Final Environmental Project Report – Volume 5 has been updated to reflect the specific additions/revisions outlined in the Errata to the Environmental Project Report, dated November, 2017. As such, it supersedes the previous Final version dated October, 2017. The report dated October, 2017 (“Report”), which includes its text, tables, figures and appendices) has been prepared by Gannett Fleming Canada ULC (“Gannett Fleming”) and Morrison Hershfield Limited (“Morrison Hershfield”) (“Consultants”) for the exclusive use of Metrolinx. Consultants disclaim any liability or responsibility to any person or party other than Metrolinx for loss, damage, expense, fines, costs or penalties arising from or in connection with the Report or its use or reliance on any information, opinion, advice, conclusion or recommendation contained in it. To the extent permitted by law, Consultants also excludes all implied or statutory warranties and conditions. In preparing the Report, the Consultants have relied in good faith on information provided by third party agencies, individuals and companies as noted in the Report. The Consultants have assumed that this information is factual and accurate and has not independently verified such information except as required by the standard of care. The Consultants accept no responsibility or liability for errors or omissions that are the result of any deficiencies in such information. The opinions, advice, conclusions and recommendations in the Report are valid as of the date of the Report and are based on the data and information collected by the Consultants during their investigations as set out in the Report. The opinions, advice, conclusions and recommendations in the Report are based on the conditions encountered by the Consultants at the site(s) at the time of their investigations, supplemented by historical information and data obtained as described in the Report.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Has No History!’
    ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY By Victoria Jane Freeman A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto ©Copyright by Victoria Jane Freeman 2010 ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Victoria Jane Freeman Graduate Department of History University of Toronto The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius , ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. i i iii In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibition Place Master Plan – Phase 1 Proposals Report
    Acknowledgments The site of Exhibition Place has had a long tradition as a gathering place. Given its location on the water, these lands would have attracted Indigenous populations before recorded history. We acknowledge that the land occupied by Exhibition Place is the traditional territory of many nations including the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishnabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee and the Wendat peoples and is now home to many diverse First Nations, Inuit and Metis peoples. We also acknowledge that Toronto is covered by Treaty 13 with the Mississaugas of the Credit, and the Williams Treaties signed with multiple Mississaugas and Chippewa bands. Figure 1. Moccasin Identifier engraving at Toronto Trillium Park The study team would like to thank City Planning Division Study Team Exhibition Place Lynda Macdonald, Director Don Boyle, Chief Executive Officer Nasim Adab Gilles Bouchard Tamara Anson-Cartwright Catherine de Nobriga Juliana Azem Ribeiro de Almeida Mark Goss Bryan Bowen Hardat Persaud David Brutto Tony Porter Brent Fairbairn Laura Purdy Christian Giles Debbie Sanderson Kevin Lee Kelvin Seow Liz McFarland Svetlana Lavrentieva Board of Governors Melanie Melnyk Tenants, Clients and Operators Dan Nicholson James Parakh David Stonehouse Brad Sunderland Nigel Tahair Alison Torrie-Lapaire 4 - PHASE 1 PROPOSALS REPORT FOR EXHIBITION PLACE Local Advisory Committee Technical Advisory Committee Bathurst Quay Neighbourhood Association Michelle Berquist - Transportation Planning The Bentway Swinzle Chauhan – Transportation Services
    [Show full text]
  • York Online Undergraduate Research
    Revue YOUR Review Volume/Tome 3 (2016) York Online Undergraduate Research Intended to showcase York University (Toronto, Canada) student research, Revue YOUR Review is an annual, refereed e-journal offering an opportunity for York University students to prepare a paper for publication. The journal is multidisciplinary, open-access, and bilingual: articles are published in English or in French. Revue York Online Undergraduate Research Review is associated with York University’s annual, multidisciplinary Undergraduate Research Fair. Articles are revised from top essays submitted for York University credit courses and accepted as poster presentations at the juried Research Fair. Submissions are reviewed by an Editorial Board comprised of York University faculty members, writing instructors, librarians, and students, and may also be sent to expert readers within the discipline. Together, the Research Fair and its associated e-journal offer students an educational experience in researching, writing, preparing an abstract, designing and presenting a poster session, and revising a paper for publication—all components in the cycle of scholarly knowledge production and dissemination. Author rights are governed by Creative Commons licensing. La Revue YOUR Review se propose de mettre en valeur la recherche des étudiants de premier cycle et offre aux étudiants de l’Université York (Toronto, Canada) l’occasion de rédiger un article pour la publication. Cette revue annuelle à comité de lecture et à libre accès est pluridisciplinaire et bilingue (anglais/français). La Revue York Online Undergraduate Research Review est liée à la foire annuelle de recherche de l’Université York. Les articles ont été sélectionnés et révisés des meilleures dissertations soumises pour un cours de premier cycle à l’Université et acceptées comme présentation d’affiches à cette foire, elle-même sous la direction d’un jury.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Ontario Fishing Regulations Summary
    FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ZONE 10 ZONE 10 50 Recreational Fishing Regulations 2018 ZONE 10 SEASONS AND LIMITS • Dates are inclusive; all dates including the first and last dates stated in the summary are open or closed SPECIES OPEN SEASONS LIMITS SPECIES OPEN SEASONS LIMITS Walleye & Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 S - 4; not more than 1 greater than 46 Brook Trout* Jan. 1 to Sept. 30 S - 5 Sauger or any & 3rd Sat. in May cm (18.1 in.) C - 2 combination to Dec. 31 C - 2; not more than 1 greater than 46 Brown Trout* 4th Sat. in Apr. to S - 5 cm (18.1 in.) Sept. 30 C - 2 Largemouth & 3rd Saturday in S - 6 Rainbow Trout* Open all year S - 2 Smallmouth June - November C - 2 C - 1 Bass or any 30 combination Lake Trout* Jan. 1 to S - 2, not more than 1 greater than Labour Day 40 cm (15.7 in.) Northern Pike Open all year S - 6; not more than 2 greater than 61 C - 1 cm (24 in.), of which not more than 1 is greater than 86 cm (33.9 in.) Splake* Open all year S - 5 C - 2; not more than 1 greater than 61 cm C - 2 (24 in.), none greater than Pacific Salmon* Open all year S - 5 86 cm (33.9 in.) C - 2 Muskellunge 3rd Sat. in June to S - 1; must be greater than 91 cm (36 in.) Atlantic Salmon* Jan. 1 to Sept. 30 S - 1 Dec. 15 C - 0 C - 0 Yellow Perch Open all year S - 50 Lake Whitefish Open all year S - 12 C - 25 C - 6 Crappie Open all year S - 30 Lake Sturgeon Closed all year C - 10 Channel Catfish Open all year S - 12 Sunfish Open all year S - 50 C - 6 C - 25 * Aggregate limits apply to these species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fish Communities of the Toronto Waterfront: Summary and Assessment 1989 - 2005
    THE FISH COMMUNITIES OF THE TORONTO WATERFRONT: SUMMARY AND ASSESSMENT 1989 - 2005 SEPTEMBER 2008 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank the many technical staff, past and present, of the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority and Ministry of Natural Resources who diligently collected electrofishing data for the past 16 years. The completion of this report was aided by the Canada Ontario Agreement (COA). 1 Jason P. Dietrich, 1 Allison M. Hennyey, 1 Rick Portiss, 1 Gord MacPherson, 1 Kelly Montgomery and 2 Bruce J. Morrison 1 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, ON, M3N 1S4, Canada 2 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Lake Ontario Fisheries Management Unit, Glenora Fisheries Station, Picton, ON, K0K 2T0, Canada © Toronto and Region Conservation 2008 ABSTRACT Fish community metrics collected for 16 years (1989 — 2005), using standardized electrofishing methods, throughout the greater Toronto region waterfront, were analyzed to ascertain the current state of the fish community with respect to past conditions. Results that continue to indicate a degraded or further degrading environment include an overall reduction in fish abundance, a high composition of benthivores, an increase in invasive species, an increase in generalist species biomass, yet a decrease in specialist species biomass, and a decrease in cool water Electrofishing in the Toronto Harbour thermal guild species biomass in embayments. Results that may indicate a change in a positive community health direction include no significant changes to species richness, a marked increase in diversity in embayments, a decline in non-native species in embayments and open coasts (despite the invasion of round goby), a recent increase in native species biomass, fluctuating native piscivore dynamics, increased walleye abundance, and a reduction in the proportion of degradation tolerant species.
    [Show full text]