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Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Two Corporation of the City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties 100 and 101 Albert St., City of Pembroke, Renfrew County, Ontario

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Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Two Corporation of the City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties 100 and 101 Albert St., City of Pembroke, Renfrew County, Ontario STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TWO CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PEMBROKE WATERFRONT PROPERTIES 100 AND 101 ALBERT ST., CITY OF PEMBROKE, RENFREW COUNTY, ONTARIO STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TWO CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PEMBROKE WATERFRONT PROPERTIES, 100 AND 101 ALBERT ST., PEMBROKE, RENFREW COUNTY, ONTARIO Prepared for: Ms. Heather McConnell Economic Development Officer City of Pembroke Phone: 613-735-6821 Ext. 1500 Email: [email protected] Re: City of Pembroke due diligence Prepared by: Peter Sattelberger M.A. (P111) Associate Archaeologist Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. 4534 Bolingbroke Road, R.R. #3 Maberly, Ontario K0H 2B0 Phone: 613-267-7028 Email: [email protected] PRAS Project No.: PR17-24 Licensee: Peter Sattelberger, M.A. (P111) Associate Archaeologist Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. P.I.F. No.: P111-0058-2017 Date: 20 June, 2017 Original report Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are necessary to two local individuals, Pembroke historian Bruce Pappin and Angela Siebarth, Curator of the Champlain Trail Museum, who generously shared their knowledge and resources during the production of this report. Mapping and other details of the study areas were provided by Heather McConnell, Economic Development Officer, City of Pembroke. PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Manager Brenda Kennett, M.A. (P030) Historical Research Peter Sattelberger, M.A. (P111) Field Inspection Peter Sattelberger Report Preparation Peter Sattelberger Draughting Shyong En Pan Report Review Jeff Earl, M.Soc.Sc. (P031) ii Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. was retained by the City of Pembroke to undertake a Stage 1 archaeological assessment of two parcels of City-owned property, both approximately 1.05 ha (2.6 acres) in size, situated on the Ottawa River waterfront within the City of Pembroke. These were adjoining parcels located at the foot of Albert Street, north of the former rail line in the City of Pembroke, and were bounded to the west by Centenary Park Road, to the north by Blackstein Boulevard and the Pembroke Marina, and to the east by the Muskrat River (see Maps 1 to 3). Parcel 1, the more westerly property, had the municipal address of 100 Albert St. and was comprised of open green space with some tree growth around the perimeter. Parcel 2, formally identified as 101 Albert St., was essentially a paved parking lot, again with some tree growth around the perimeter. The City of Pembroke is proposing that one of these properties be offered for private sector redevelopment. The assessment is being carried out as part of due diligence planning prior to a potential purchase. The purpose of the Stage 1 assessment was to identify known heritage resources within the study area, to determine the archaeological potential for the property, and to present recommendations for the mitigation of any significant known or potential archaeological resources. The background environmental and archival research, in combination with the results of a property inspection, revealed that both parcels remained undeveloped water lots extending beyond the Pembroke waterfront until at least 1928 when Land Parcel 2 (101 Albert Street) was filled in to create part of Centenary Park. Further infill and development took place along the Pembroke waterfront over subsequent decades, resulting in the creation of the parking lot extending over Land Parcel 1 (100 Albert Street) adjacent to the Pembroke Marina. This study has determined the subject properties exhibited potential for the presence of archeological resources associated with both pre-Contact First Nations and post-Contact iii Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. land-uses and/or settlement given their proximity to identified waterways and transportation corridors, though prior to the mid-twentieth century any resources would have been below the water-level of the Ottawa River. These resources could include lost pre-twentieth century cargo, wrecks, ad hoc losses (i.e. items dropped or intentionally discarded from shore), pier footings, or First Nations artifacts that were present on the river bed prior to the addition of the twentieth century fill. The results of the background research discussed above indicate that the study area exhibits potential for deeply buried archaeological resources. Accordingly, it is recommended that: 1) The study area should be the subject of Stage 2 archaeological monitoring undertaken by a licensed consultant archaeologist during any new construction expected to extend below the waterline, in compliance with Section 4.2.8 of Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011). The proponent should include the requirement for an archaeologist to monitor the work in any request for proposal, and receive written confirmation from the contractor that an archaeologist will be retained. Prior to the initiation of work, a protocol should be arranged with the contractor containing provisions for the recording of any archaeological remains and/or the recovery of significant archaeological deposits revealed by the construction activity, a protocol which would both ensure that sufficient archaeological information is recovered and, as much as possible, ensure that there are not significant delays to the construction schedule. During both preliminary site work and the main excavation, the site should be inspected regularly to monitor the progress of the perimeter shoring, any initial removals/testing, and bulk fill removal. Site inspections should be of sufficient frequency and duration to ensure that any significant archaeological features, such as former piers, are documented through photography and scaled drawings. In the absence of an archaeological monitor on site, any potentially iv Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. significant archaeological resources encountered during excavations should be preserved intact to allow the archaeologist to record and/or mitigate the resource. It should also be understood that the archaeologist would be empowered to stop construction to allow sufficient time for mitigation if there is a concern for impacts to an archaeological site. 2) The Stage 2 monitoring should include continued engagement with the Algonquins of Ontario. The reader is also referred to Section 4.0 below to ensure compliance with the Ontario Heritage Act as it may relate to this project. v Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Acknowledgments ii Project Personnel ii Executive Summary iii List of Maps viii List of Images ix List of Tables ix 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Project Context 2 2.1 Development Context 2 2.2 Access Permission 2 3.0 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment 3 3.1 Historical Context 3 3.1.1 Previous Historical Research 3 3.1.2 Regional Pre-Contact Cultural Overview 4 3.1.3 Regional Post-Contact Cultural Overview 7 3.1.4 Property History 19 3.2 Archaeological Context 20 3.2.1 Previous Archaeological Research 20 3.2.2 Registered Archaeological Sites 21 3.2.3 Cultural Heritage Resources 22 3.2.4 Heritage Plaques/Monuments 23 3.2.5 Cemeteries 24 3.2.6 Local Environment 25 3.2.7 Property Inspection 27 3.3 Analysis and Conclusions 28 3.3.1 Predictive Model Development 29 3.3.2 Evaluation of Archaeological Potential 30 3.3.3 Stage 1 Recommendations 32 4.0 Advice on Compliance with Legislation 34 5.0 Limitations and Closure 35 6.0 References 36 7.0 Maps 44 vi Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page No. 8.0 Images 59 APPENDIX 1: Photographic Catalogue 65 APPENDIX 2: Glossary of Archaeological Terms 66 vii Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. LIST OF MAPS Map No. Page No. 1 Location of the study area 44 2 Satellite image showing the two property parcels 45 3 Satellite image of the study area 46 4 Segment of McNaughton’s 1836 survey of Pembroke Township showing the approximate location of the study area 47 5 Segment of the 1863 H. F. Walling map of Pembroke showing the approximate location of the study area 48 6 Segment of the 1881 Belden map of Pembroke showing the approximate location of the study area 48 7 Segment of the 1908 fire insurance map of Pembroke showing the approximate location of the study area 49 8 Segment of the 1936 one-inch-to-one-mile topographic map for the Pembroke area showing the study area 50 9 Portion of a 1937 survey of Pembroke showing the extent of the in-filling along the waterfront that had occurred by that time 51 10 Segment of a 1963 aerial photograph showing the study area 52 11 Segment of a 1974 aerial photograph showing the study area 53 12 Segment of the 1975 1:50,000 topographic map for the Pembroke area showing the study area 54 13 Segment of a 1987 aerial photograph showing the study area 55 14 Segment of a soil survey map for Renfrew County showing the study area 56 15 Satellite image of the study area showing the locations and directions of photographs taken during the property inspection and used in this report 57 16 Satellite image of the study area showing the results of the archaeological potential evaluation 58 viii Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Two City of Pembroke Waterfront Properties Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. LIST OF IMAGES Image No. Page No. 1 Segment of a 1905 panoramic view of Pembroke taken from the end of the Thistle Wharf 59 2 View of the Thistle Wharf in 1905 with the CPR line in the foreground 60 3 View of the Thistle Wharf leading from the foot of Alexander Street 60 4 Segment of an undated panoramic view of the Pembroke Lumber Co.
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