CONTENTS
1 A SABELLIAN CASE GRAMMAR 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Arrangement of the grammar 3 1.2.1 The cases 3 1.2.2 Translation and interpretation 4 1.2.3 Annotation and transcription principles 4 1.2.3.1 Linguistic annotation 4 1.2.3.2 Transcription principles 5 1.2.4 Problems in interpreting the material 7
2 PHONOLOGY AND ACCIDENCE 11 2.1 Phonology 11 2.1.1 The Sabellian vowel shift 11 2.1.1.1 The Sabellian vowel shift in Oscan 12 2.1.1.2 The Sabellian vowel shift in Umbrian 14 2.1.2 Syncope 15 2.1.2.1 Syncope in final syllable before -s 16 2.1.2.2 Syncope in final syllable after syllabic -y- or -w- 17 2.1.2.3 The effects of syncope within paradigms 18 2.1.3 The development of *-ä 18 2.1.4 Phonological changes in Oscan 20 2.1.4.1 Anaptyxis 20 2.1.4.2 Monophthongisation 21 2.1.4.3 Loss of final consonant., 22 2.2.5 Phonological changes in Umbrian 23 2.1.5.1 Monophthongisation 23 2.1.5.2 Rhotacism 24 2.1.5.3 Loss of final consonants 24 2.2 Morphology 25 2.2.1 o-stems 26 2.2.1.1 Singular cases 26 2.2.1.2 Plural cases 31 2.2.2 ô-stems 35 2.2.2.1 Singular cases 35 2.2.2.2 Plural cases 36 2.2.3 /-stems 37 2.2.3.1 Singular cases 37 2.2.3.2 Plural cases 39 2.2.4 Consonant stems 39
Bibliografische Informationen digitalisiert durch http://d-nb.info/1014517583 2.2.4.1 Singular cases 39 2.2.4.2 Plural cases 41 2.2.5 «-stems 41 2.2.6 ê-stems 42 2.2.7 Irregular stems 43 2.2.8 Pronouns _ 44 2.2.8.1 Demonstrative pronouns 45 2.2.8.2 Interrogative, indefinite and relative pronouns 46
3 THE ACCUSATIVE CASE _ 49 3.1 Accusative inside the verbal nucleus 50 3.1.1 Internal accusative 51 3.1.2 Double accusative 53 3.1.3 Accusative direct objects with passive verb forms 54 3.1.4 Accusative with infinitive 55 3.2 Adverbial accusative _._ 58 3.3 Accusative with adpositions 60 3.3.1 az "at, (near)by" (Oscan) 61 3.3.2 -af "to" (Umbrian) 61 3.3.3 ant "up until" (Oscan) 63 3.3.4 anter "between" (Oscan) 63 3.3.5 ehtrad "outside" (Oscan) 64 3.3.6 -enl-m "to" (Oscan, Umbrian) 64 3.3.7 Ymtralhondra "under; below" (Umbrian) 67 3.3.8 pert "up until" (Oscan) "beyond" (Umbrian) 67 3.3.9 perum "without" (Oscan) 68 3.3.10 piistin, \tustmlposti "along" (Oscan), "at each; every" (Umbrian) 68 3.3.11 subra "above, on top of (Umbrian) _. 69 3.3.12 superne "above, on top of ' (Umbrian) 69 3.3.13 traltraha "over; across" (Umbrian) 69 3.4 Adpositional accusative with *ad and *en for direction 70
4 THE DATIVE CASE 75 4.1 Dative inside the verbal nucleus. 76 4.1.1 Dative with (di)transitive verbs 76 4.1.1.1 Human recipients 76 4.1.1.2 Object recipients 78 4.1.2 Dative with intransitive verbs 82 4.1.3 Dative with copula verbs 83 4.1.4 Dative with impersonal verbs 85 4.2 Adverbial dative 86 4.3 Dative with adjectives 89 4.3.1 Adjectives marking recipient or beneficiary 89 4.3.2 Adjectives marking benefit or detriment 90 4.3.3 Adjectives marking relation 92 XI
5 THE GENITIVE CASE, 93 5.1 Genitive inside the noun phrase 94 5.1.1 Possessive genitive 94 5.1.1.1 Genitive with or without a head noun 94 5.1.1.2 Genitive with copula verbs 96 5.1.1.3 Genitive with adjectives 97 5.1.2 Partitive genitive 98 5.1.3 Subjective and objective genitive 100 5.2 Genitive inside the verbal nucleus 101 5.3 Adverbial genitive 103 5.3.1 Genitive of concern 103 5.3.2 Genitive of time 105 5.4 Genitive with gerundives 106 5.5 Genitivus absolutus 107 5.6 Genitive with adpositions 107
6 THE ABLATIVE CASE Ill 6.1 Separative ablative 112 6.1.1 Separative ablative with place names 112 6.1.2 Separative ablative with places and locations 112 6.1.3 Separative ablative with adverbial particles 114 6.1.4 Ablative of comparison 115 6.2 Instrumental and sociative ablative 116 6.2.1 Instrumental ablative 116 6.2.2 Ablative of accompaniment 118 6.2.2.1 Sociative accompaniment in Sabellian 118 6.2.2.2 Combinatory accompaniment _ 120 6.3 Mixed ablative uses 120 6.3.1 Ablative of accompanying circumstances 121 6.3.2 Ablative of accordance 122 6.3.3 Ablative of manner 123 6.3.4 Ablative of the road 124 6.3.5 Ablative of time 124 6.3.6 Ablative of the price 125 6.3.7 Ablative of material 126 6.4 Ablativus absolutus 126 6.5 Ablative with adpositions 127 6.5.1 amp(er)t "up to" (Oscan) 127 6.5.2 anter "between" (Oscan) 128 6.5.3 dat "according to; regarding" (Oscan) 129 6.5.4 eh/ehe/eh "according to" (Oscan), "away from; out from" (Umbrian)... 129 6.5.5 -e/-e« "from ... onwards" (Oscan) 130 6.5.6 cum, -ku/co "with" (Oscan, Umbrian), "at, by" (Umbrian) 131 6.5.7 -perAper "for the sake/benefit of (Umbrian) 134 6.5.8 prai/pre "before" (Oscan, Umbrian) 134 6.5.9 pr(u)/pru "for the sake of; by virtue of (Oscan) 135 Xll
6.5.10 pus/post "behind/beyond; after" (Oscan, Umbrian) 136 6.5.11 -ta/-to "from" (Umbrian) 136 6.5.12 üp/op "by; in front of (Oscan) 138
7 THE LOCATIVE CASE 139 7.1 Location in space 140 7.1.1 Locative with place names 140 7.1.2 Locative with places and locations 141 7.1.3 Locative with instruments or tools 142 7.2 Location in time _. 146 7.2.1 Locative with words for "day" or "year" 146 7.2.2 Locative with names for months or monthly feasts 148 7.2.3 Locative with terms of magistracy 149 7.3 Abstract locative 150 7.4 Locative with adpositions 150 7.4.1 -en "in" (space), "during" (time) (Oscan, Umbrian) 151 7.4.2 contrud "against" (abstract) (Oscan) 152 7.4.3 cmiz/su "during" (time) (Oscan, Umbrian) 153 7.4.4 super "above; on top of (space) (Umbrian) 153 7.4.5 supu "under; below" (space) (Umbrian) 154 7.4.6 tra "over, across" (space) (Umbrian) 154
8 INDEX VERBORUM 155 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 167