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Wallace Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics 00 Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 3 This page is intentionally left blank 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 1 The Basics of New Testament Syntax 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 2 Other Books by Daniel B. Wallace Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 3 The Abridgment of Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics The Basics of New Testament Syntax An Intermediate Greek Grammar Daniel B. WALLACE 0310232295_basicstx_fm.qxd 4/16/04 1:47 PM Page 4 ZONDERVAN The Basics of New Testament Syntax Copyright © 2000 by Daniel B. Wallace All rights reserved under International and Pan -American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non -exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down - loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of Zondervan. AER Edition January 2009 ISBN: 978-0-310-32158-3 Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wallace, Daniel B. The basics of New Testament syntax: an intermediate Greek grammar / Daniel B. Wallace. p. cm. “Abridgment of Greek grammar beyond the basics: an exegetical syntax of the New Testament”—P.1. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-310-23229-5 (hardcover) 1. Greek language, Biblical—Syntax. 2. Greek language, Biblical—Grammar. 3. Bible. N.T.— Language, style. I. Wallace, Daniel B. Greek grammar beyond the basics. II. Title. PA851.W338 2000 487’.4—dc 00–029003 CIP All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 /❖ CT/1312111098765 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 5 To Pati This page is intentionally left blank 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 7 CONTENTS Illustrations . 9 Abbreviations . 12 Preface . 15 The Language of the New Testament. 17 Syntax of Words and Phrases Part I: Syntax of Nouns and Nominals The Cases The Cases: An Introduction . 25 Nominative Case . 28 Vocative Case. 38 Genitive Case. 41 Dative Case . 65 Accusative Case . 81 The Article Part I: Origin, Function, Regular Uses, Absence . 93 Part II: Special Uses and Non-Uses of the Article. 114 Adjectives . 129 Pronouns . 140 Prepositions . 160 Part II: Syntax of Verbs and Verbals Person and Number. 174 Voice. 179 Active . 180 Middle . 182 Passive . 186 Mood . 192 Indicative . 195 Subjunctive . 201 Optative . 209 Imperative . 210 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 8 Tense. 213 The Tenses: An Introduction . 213 Present . 219 Imperfect . 232 Aorist . 239 Future . 244 Perfect and Pluperfect. 246 The Infinitive . 254 The Participle . 266 Syntax of the Clause Introduction to Greek Clauses. 286 The Role of Conjunctions . 293 Special Studies in the Clauses Conditional Sentences . 303 Volitional Clauses (Commands and Prohibitions) . 316 Subject Index/Cheat Sheet . 323 Scripture Index. 329 About the Publisher. 337 Share your Thoughts. 338 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 9 ILLUSTRATIONS Tables 1. Literary Levels of New Testament Authors. 23 2. Five-Case System Vs. Eight-Case System . 27 3. The Functions of the Adjective . 130 4. Attributive and Predicate Positions of the Adjective . 137 5. How Agency is Expressed in the New Testament . 187 6. The Semantics of the Moods Compared . 193 7. English Tenses in Direct and Indirect Discourse. 199 8. The Semantics of Deliberative Questions . 203 9. The Forms of the Periphrastic Participle. 282 10. The Structure of Conditions . 309 Charts, Figures, and Diagrams 1. The Multifaceted Nature of New Testament Greek. 22 2. Frequency of Case-Forms in the New Testament. 25 3. Frequency of Cases in the New Testament (Nominative). 28 4. Semantic Relation of Subject and Predicate Nominative . 31 5. Frequency of Cases in the New Testament (Vocative). 38 6. Frequency of Cases in the New Testament (Genitive) . 42 7. The Relation of Descriptive Genitive to Various Other Genitive Uses . 46 8. The Semantics of the Attributive Genitive . 49 9. A Semantic Diagram of the Attributive Genitive and Attributed Genitive . 50 10. Genitive of Content Vs. Genitive of Material . 51 11. Genitive of Apposition Vs. Genitive in Simple Apposition. 53 12. Diagrams of Subjective and Objective Genitive . 58 13. Frequency of Cases in the New Testament (Dative) . 66 14. Frequency of Cases in the New Testament (Accusative). 82 15. The Semantics of the Object-Complement Construction . 85 16. The Cases for Time . 91 17. The Basic Forces of the Article . 94 18. Individualizing Vs. Generic Article . 101 19. The Semantic Relations of the Individualizing Article . 102 20. Flow Chart on the Article with Substantives . 103 9 00_Basics.FM 4/16/04 1:38 PM Page 10 10 The Basics of New Testament Syntax 21. The Semantics of Anarthrous Nouns. 108 22 The Semantics of Indefinite Nouns . 109 23. The Semantics of Qualitative Nouns . 109 24. The Semantics of Generic Nouns . 109 25. The Semantics of Definite Nouns . 110 26. The Different Databases for Colwell’s Rule Vs. Colwell’s Construction . 116 27. The Semantic Range of Anarthrous Predicate Nominatives. 117 28. Distinct Groups, though United [TSKS Plural Personal Construction] . 123 29. Overlapping Groups [TSKS Plural Personal Construction]. 124 30. First Group Subset of Second [TSKS Plural Personal Construction] . 125 31. Second Group Subset of First [TSKS Plural Personal Construction] . 125 32. Both Groups Identical [TSKS Plural Personal Construction] . 126 33. The Semantic Range of the Forms of the Adjective . 135 34. Frequency of Pronoun Classes in the New Testament . 142 35. Frequency of Pronoun Terms in the New Testament . 159 36. Frequencies of Prepositions in the New Testament . 161 37. The Spatial Functions of Prepositions . 162 38. Semantic Overlap Between Simple Case and Preposition + Case. 164 39. Overlap in Uses of ∆Antiv and ÔUpevr . 172 40. The Scope of “We” in the New Testament . 175 41. The Direction of the Action in Greek Voices . ..
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