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05-2019-7.Pdf Teoretičeskaâ i prikladnaâ nauka Theoretical & Applied Science 05 (73) 2019 International Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science Founder: International Academy of Theoretical & Applied Sciences Published since 2013 year. Issued Monthly. International scientific journal «Theoretical & Applied Science», registered in France, and indexed more than 45 international scientific bases. Editorial office: http://T-Science.org Phone: +777727-606-81 E-mail: [email protected] Editor-in Chief: Hirsch index: Alexandr Shevtsov h Index RISC = 1 (78) Editorial Board: 1 Prof. Vladimir Kestelman USA h Index Scopus = 3 (38) 2 Prof. Arne Jönsson Sweden h Index Scopus = 4 (21) 3 Prof. Sagat Zhunisbekov KZ - 4 Assistant of Prof. Boselin Prabhu India - 5 Lecturer Denis Chemezov Russia h Index RISC = 2 (61) 6 Senior specialist Elnur Hasanov Azerbaijan h Index Scopus = 6 (11) 7 Associate Prof. Christo Ananth India h Index Scopus = - (1) 8 Prof. Shafa Aliyev Azerbaijan h Index Scopus = - (1) 9 Associate Prof. Ramesh Kumar India h Index Scopus = - (2) 10 Associate Prof. S. Sathish India h Index Scopus = 2 (13) 11 Researcher Rohit Kumar Verma India - 12 Prof. Kerem Shixaliyev Azerbaijan - 13 Associate Prof. Ananeva Elena Pavlovna Russia h Index RISC = 1 (19) 14 Associate Prof. Muhammad Hussein Noure Elahi Iran - 15 Assistant of Prof. Tamar Shiukashvili Georgia - 16 Prof. Said Abdullaevich Salekhov Russia - 17 Prof. Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov Russia - 18 Researcher Bobir Ortikmirzayevich Tursunov Uzbekistan - 19 Associate Prof. Victor Aleksandrovich Melent'ev Russia - 20 Prof. Manuchar Shishinashvili Georgia - ISSN 2308-4944 0 5 © Сollective of Authors 9 7 7 2 3 0 8 4 9 4 1 9 5 © «Theoretical & Applied Science» International Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science Editorial Board: Hirsch index: 21 Prof. Konstantin Kurpayanidi Uzbekistan h Index RISC = 8 (67) International Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 05 (73), 672. Philadelphia, USA Impact Factor ICV = 6.630 Impact Factor ISI = 0.829 based on International Citation Report (ICR) The percentage of rejected articles: ISSN 2308-4944 0 5 9 7 7 2 3 0 8 4 9 4 1 9 5 ISRA (India) = 3.117 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.156 PIF (India) = 1.940 Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 8.716 IBI (India) = 4.260 JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 5.667 OAJI (USA) = 0.350 QR – Issue QR – Article SOI: 1.1/TAS DOI: 10.15863/TAS International Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science p-ISSN: 2308-4944 (print) e-ISSN: 2409-0085 (online) Year: 2019 Issue: 05 Volume: 73 Published: 30.05.2019 http://T-Science.org Pavel Aleksandrovich Vnukov bachelor Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechic University SECTION 4. Computer science, computer [email protected] engineering and automation. Igor Nikolaevich Belyh Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechic University, Associate Professor CIT, Ph.D. RESEARCH OF SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ELECTRIC ENERGY AND METHODS OF THEIR JOINT WORK Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the existing sources of alternative electricity, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as methods of their joint work. Key words: alternative sources of electricity, collaboration, solar panels, wind turbines Language: Russian Citation: Vnukov, P. A., & Belyh, I. N. (2019). Research of sources of alternative electric energy and methods of their joint work. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 05 (73), 601-605. Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-05-73-94 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2019.05.73.94 ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИСТОЧНИКОВ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ И МЕТОДОВ ИХ СОВМЕСТНОЙ РАБОТЫ Аннотация: В данной работе проводится анализ существующих источников альтернативной электроэнергии, их преимущества и недостатки, а также методы их совместной работы. Ключевые слова: альтернативные источники электроэнергии, совместная работа, солнечные панели, ветрогенераторы. Введение В своей работе я исследую варианты На метеорологических станциях по всей оптимизации совместной работы нескольких территории Российской Федерации используется источников электроэнергии, привожу результаты либо электричество от общей сети, либо испытания их одиночной и совместной работы. дизельные или бензиновые генераторы. Проблема По данным Enerdata [1] на 2017 год второго метода подключения в полной остановке человечество потребляет примерно 24 000 000 станции в случае закончившегося топлива. ГВТ/ч. Из них 889 000 ГВТ/ч потребляет Россия. В условиях Крайнего Севера и других В 2018 году доля альтернативных холодных регионов, здания станции питаются возобновляемых источников энергии (без электричеством и обогреваются за счёт крупных ГЭС) составила 8,4% в мировой генераторов. В случае выхода из строя генератора генерации электричества. С учетом крупных ГЭС или окончившегося топлива последствия для доля возобновляемых источников приближается к работников станции могут привести к 24%. гуманитарным проблемам, поскольку с Рассмотрим существующие потенциальные отключением электропитания станция теряет источники альтернативной электроэнергии: связь с внешним миром, и теряется понимание о ее текущем состоянии. Ветроэнергетика Появляется высокая потребность в В ветроэнергетике используется использовании альтернативных источников преобразование кинетической энергии воздушных электроэнергии и анализе их совместной работы. масс в атмосфере в электроэнергию [2]. Philadelphia, USA 601 ISRA (India) = 3.117 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.156 PIF (India) = 1.940 Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 8.716 IBI (India) = 4.260 JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 5.667 OAJI (USA) = 0.350 На 25 февраля 2019 года общая электроэнергию [2]. Общая производимая установленная мощность всех ветрогенераторов мощность геотермальных электростанций составила 600 гигаватт [3] и, таким образом, составляет примерно 15 гигаватт. превзошла суммарную установленную мощность Геотермальная энергия является самой атомной энергетики. перспективной в случае увеличения КПД Наиболее перспективными местами для преобразующих установок и обустройстве производства энергии из ветра считаются известных источников. прибрежные зоны. Схемы работы геотермальных станций: Ветрогенератор начинает производить ток • прямая схема – пар направляется по при ветре 3 м/с и отключается при ветре более 25 трубам в турбины; м/с. Максимальная мощность достигается при • непрямая схема – пар предварительно ветре 15 м/с [4]. очищается; В большинстве регионов России • бинарная схема – используется жидкость среднегодовая скорость ветра не превышает 5 м/с, с низкой температурой кипения, которая в связи с чем привычные ветрогенераторы с нагревается за счёт теплообмена с термальным горизонтальной осью вращения практически не источником. применимы — получить от их работы существенное количество энергии не удастся. Альтернативная гидроэнергетика Однако на сегодняшний день все больше В гидроэнергетике используется производителей ветрогенераторов предлагают т. преобразование механической энергии приливов, н. роторные установки, или ветрогенераторы с волн, течений и тепловой энергии океана в вертикальной осью вращения. Принципиальное электроэнергию [2]. отличие состоит в том, что вертикальному Максимальные амплитуды приливов- генератору достаточно 1 м/с чтобы начать отливов характерны для окраинных морей вырабатывать электричество [8]. умеренного климатического пояса. Наибольшими Существуют следующие разновидности запасами приливной энергии обладают ветрогенераторов: наземные, прибрежные, Атлантический океан и в меньшей мере Тихий шельфовые – на участке моря с небольшой океан. глубиной, плавающие, парящие, горные. Разновидности альтернативных гидроэлектростанций: приливные, Гелиоэнергетика (солнечная энергетика) волноприбойные с турбинами, движимыми В гелиоэнергетике используется течением, моретермальные электростанции, мини преобразование солнечного излучения в и микро ГЭС. электроэнергию [2]. На 30 июля 2018 года общая установленная Методы совместной работы мощность всех солнечных панелей составила 471 У каждого из альтернативных источников гигаватта, что примерно на 15 процентов меньше электроэнергии есть недостатки эффективности. мощности всех ветрогенераторов. Рассмотрим поподробнее каждый из них и Особенности строения фотоэлементов возможности компенсации недостатков одного вызывают снижение производительности панелей источника достоинствами других для с ростом температуры. оптимальной работы комбинированной системы в Солнечная электростанция не работает любой сезон и время суток. ночью и недостаточно эффективно работает в Согласно данным метеослужб [7], средняя вечерних сумерках. скорость ветра по регионам за год составляет В мире ежегодный прирост энергетики приблизительно 3,8 метра в секунду. солнечных панелей за последние пять лет Преимущественно сильные ветра дуют в составлял в среднем около 50 % [5]. Полученная прибрежных и равнинных регионах. В зимнее на основе солнечного излучения энергия время года порывы ветра статистически сильнее, гипотетически сможет к 2050 году обеспечить чем в тёплое. Получается, у ветрогенераторов нет 20—25 % потребностей человечества в привязки к времени суток, но есть привязка к электричестве и сократит выбросы углекислоты. времени года. Основные разновидности солнечных Солнечные панели эффективнее всего панелей: солнечные панели на основе работают в солнечную, но не сильно жаркую фотоэлементов и солнечные панели на основе погоду. Также панели сильно теряют наноантенн (теоретические) [6]. эффективность
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