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Table of Contents Laylatun Nisf-min-Shaʼban: an Academic Insight in the Light of Quran & Hadith Table of Contents Hadith Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 Qur’an and the 15th Night of Sha’ban……………………………………………………………...….…….... 5 The History of the 15th night of Sha’ban and its professed general significance………………………………………….……………………………………….…………….……. 8 Fasting the day after 15th Sha’ban.……………………………………….………....…………….………….13 Prayer during the night of 15th Sha’ban………………...………………………………….…………………15 Visiting Graveyards in the 15th night of Sha’ban ……………………………………………………..……..16 Innovative practices of the 15th night of Sha’ban…………….…….………………………..………………23 The Prophets worship every night from authentic ahadith……..…………………………..………………25 Conclusion …………………………………….………………………………………………………………..26 References………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..28 1 © 2018 C & M Guidance Md. Adam Moshahid Ali Laylatun Nisf-min-Shaʼban: an Academic Insight in the Light of Quran & Hadith Hadith Glossary The definition of some academic terminologies used in the context of this literature has been outlined below. Hadith :synonymous to sunnah. Plural ,ﷺ Actions, words or attributes of the Messenger Muhammad ahadith Isnaad The chain of narrators of a hadith. Muhaddith An Islamic Scholar who specialises in the sciences of hadith. Mufassir An Islamic Scholar who specialises in the exegesis of the Quran. Laylatun Nisf-min-Sha’ban ‘The night of 15th Sha’ban.’ Sahaba .ﷺ A Muslim who saw and met the Messenger of Allah Tab’ieen The third generation who overlapped with some of the sahaba. Sahih Lidhatih ‘Authentic in itself’; the highest rank of hadith classification meeting all five criteria including: continuity of the chain of transmitters, integrity of the narrators, accuracy of memory and text, conformity to other authentic hadith and absence of hidden defects. Sahih Lighairih ‘Authentic due to others’; a Hasan hadith that has been elevated to the status of Sahih (authentic) in the sense that it has corroborating narrations. However does not reach the level of ‘Sahih Lidhatih’. Ahadith that are classified as either sahih lidhatih or lighairih are used primarily to establish Islamic law and, if it isn’t abrogated, it must be accepted and applied. Hasan Lidhatih ‘Reliable in itself’; a hadith that meets the five criteria with an exception of one; the accuracy of memory of one of the narrator who is known to make few mistakes but is upright. If the text does not contradict to what is established from the Quran or sahih ahadith, it is acceptable to use purely for meritorious purposes and not to form an Islamic law. On the other hand, if there’s corroborating sahih ahadith it would be reclassified under sahih lighairih. 2 © 2018 C & M Guidance Md. Adam Moshahid Ali Laylatun Nisf-min-Shaʼban: an Academic Insight in the Light of Quran & Hadith Hasan Lighairih ‘Reliable due to others’; where one or more of the narrators belonged to a lower grade in terms of the accuracy of their memory and not due to their indecent behaviour or lies. Several weak ahadith may mutually support each other to the level of hasan. Again can only be used for meritorious purposes and not to form an Islamic law without supporting sahih ahadith. Da’eef ‘Weak’; a hadith in the general sense that it has not met one or more of the five criteria, thus below the standard of hasan. These ahadith can be used for virtuous purposes and not to establish an act of worship or law. Furthermore, it depends on the degree of weakness as to whether to accept or reject such hadith. Da’eef Jiddan ‘Excessively weak’; a hadith which fails to meet numerous criteria and lacks reliability mainly due to poor memory of some narrators as well as confusion in the text. These are not accepted in all matters of religion, unless there are sahih corroborating hadith and the text is not contrary to authentic sources. Mu’allaq ‘Suspended’; a narration in which its collector omits part of the isnaad to previous authorities e.g. Salafs and Sahabas. Only acceptable if it exists in the Sahihan (Bukhari and Muslim). Mursal ‘Loose’; a narrator is omitted in the isnaad, usually a Sahaba by one of the other narrators. Munqati ‘Broken’; a hadith in which one or more narrators are deleted at random from middle of the chain. Marfoo directly and not from the Sahaba or any other ﷺ Raised’; a narration attributed to the Prophet‘ person. Mawqoof Opinions vary amongst .ﷺ Stopped’; a narration from a Sahaba and not directly from the Prophet‘ scholars whether these ahadith can be accepted. The general consensus is that they can be used with corroborating ahadith, and with regards to the status of the Sahaba. Mutawaatir Any hadith having countless chains such that it cannot be supposed that they all agreed on a lie. There are various conditions set by the Scholars of Hadith which a narration needs to meet in order for it to be classed as Mutawaatir. Mutawaatir ahadith are accepted in all matters of the religion. Munkar ‘Rejected’; a narration which is inauthentic in itself and also contradicts other authentic ones. 3 © 2018 C & M Guidance Md. Adam Moshahid Ali Laylatun Nisf-min-Shaʼban: an Academic Insight in the Light of Quran & Hadith Maw’dhoo ‘Fabricated’; narrators in the chain who have been deemed as liars, fabricators and unreliable by the Scholars of Hadith. Consequently these ahadith are unaccepted in all matters of the religion. Musnad An authentic and reliable hadith with a continuous chain of narrators. Musnad ahadith are .ﷺ categorised according to the names of the Companions of the Prophet 4 © 2018 C & M Guidance Md. Adam Moshahid Ali Laylatun Nisf-min-Shaʼban: an Academic Insight in the Light of Quran & Hadith Qur’an and the 15th Night of Sha’ban All thanks and praises are due to Allah, whom we thank, seek help and invoke for forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils within ourselves. He whom Allah guides will never be misled and he whom he misguides will never find guidance. May the peace and blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions. With regards to the 15th night of Sha’ban, it is plausible to say that the Quran is silent on this issue. Nonetheless, you’ll often find people quoting verses 1-5 of chapter 44 as the sole source of evidence in regards to this night from the Quran. It reads as follows: ِ ِ ِ ِ ِﱠ ِ ٍ ٍ ِ ِِ ِ ٍ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺣ﴿ ﻢ - َواﻟْﻜﺘَـﺐ اﻟُْﻤﺒﲔ- إ5 أَﻧَﺰﻟْﻨَـﻪُ ﰱ ﻟَْﻴـﻠَﺔ ﱡﻣﺒَـَﺮَﻛﺔ إﱠE ُﻛﻨﱠﺎ ُﻣﻨﺬرﻳ َﻦ- ﻓﻴَﻬﺎ ﻳـُْﻔَﺮُق ُﻛ ﱡﻞ أَْﻣﺮ َﺣﻜﻴﻢ- أَْﻣﺮاً ّﻣ ْﻦ ﻋْﻨﺪ5َ إﱠE ُﻛﻨﱠﺎ ُﻣْﺮﺳﻠ َﲔ﴾ ‘By the manifest Book that makes things clear’ [2] ‘We sent it down on a blessed night. Verily, We are ever warning’ [3] ‘Therein (that night) is decreed every matter, Hakim’ [4] ‘As a command from us. Verily, we are ever sending’ [5] The ‘manifest book’ in verse 2 is referring to the Quran followed by ‘We sent it down on a blessed night’. It is a misconception amongst people to think that this verse is denoting to the 15th night Sha’ban :ﷺ due to the following three baseless ahadith attributed to the Prophet Muhammad 1. Ibn Kathir writes that there is a hadith attributed to Uthman bin Muhammad who said that the said, ‘The ages of people are decided from Sha’ban to Sha’ban. A ﷺ Messenger of Allah person marries and is even blessed with a child, yet his name is amongst those who are to die’ This is a mursal hadith and cannot be given any credit when its subject matter contradicts that which has been established from the Quran as we shall discuss shortly. 2. The second hadith is falsely attributed to the companion of the Prophet, Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) who allegedly said ‘sustenance, life, and death are decided on the night of Bar’ah and this information is transmitted to the angels on the night of Qadr’ [Ruhul Ma’ani Vol. 4, pg. 174] This hadith is deemed very weak and unreliable, possibly fabricated due to its unknown chain of narrators. 3. The third hadith is attributed to A’isha (may Allah be pleased with her). The hadith discusses that decisions are passed on the night of Bar’ah regarding those that will be born, those that will die, the actions of man are placed in front of Allah and sustenance is revealed. [Mishkaat, pg. 115 on the authority of Baihaqi’s Da’waatul-Kabeer] 5 © 2018 C & M Guidance Md. Adam Moshahid Ali Laylatun Nisf-min-Shaʼban: an Academic Insight in the Light of Quran & Hadith However, the condition of this hadith is unknown and most of the Scholars of Tafsir and Hadith gave no thought and considered it to be unreliable. Elsewhere in the Quran we find the following verse: ِ ﴿إِﱠE أَﻧَﺰﻟْﻨَـﻪُ ِﰱ ﻟَْﻴـﻠَﺔ اﻟَْﻘ ْﺪِر ﴾ “Verily, We have sent it down (the Qur’an) in the Night of Al-Qadr” [Surah Qadr Ch. 97 Vs. 1] This verse self-clarifies the aforementioned verse about the ‘blessed night’. We can note from this that the Quran was sent down on the night of decree and not the 15th night of Sha’ban; the former view is further confirmed by the following verse: ﴿ َﺷ ْﻬ ُﺮ َرَﻣ َﻀﺎ َن ا 0 ِ/ى 534 ِﺰ َل ِﻓ9 ِﻪ اﻟْ ُﻘْﺮ3ٓ ُن﴾ “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an” [Surah Baqarah Ch: 2 Vs: 185] Mufassir Ibn Jareer al-Tabari said concerning the verse of Surah Dukhan as follows: ‘The commentators differed concerning that night, i.e. which night of the year it is. Some of them said that it is Laylat al-Qadr, and it was narrated from Qurtaadah that it is Laylat al-Qadr.
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