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Urban Stormwater BMP Monitoring Manual 2009

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Urban Stormwater BMP Monitoring Manual 2009 Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring Prepared by Geosyntec Consultants and Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Prepared under Support from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Environment Research Foundation Federal Highway Administration Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers October 2009 Disclaimer This report was prepared by the organization(s) named below as an account of work sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) and its partners on the International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database project. WERF’s partners on the project include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the American Society of Civil Engineers – Environmental Water Resources Institute (ASCE-EWRI). Neither WERF, its partners on the project, members of WERF or ASCE-EWRI, the organization(s) named below, nor any person acting on their behalf: (a) makes any warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report or that such use may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. Geosyntec Consultants Wright Water Engineers, Inc. The views expressed in this document are solely those of organizations named above and neither WERF nor its partners endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute WERF’s nor its partner’s endorsement or recommendations for use. Similarly, omission of products or trade names indicates nothing concerning WERF’s nor partner’s positions regarding product effectiveness or applicability. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The 2009 update to this monitoring manual was made possible through funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under USEPA Contract No. EP-C-05-046 managed by John Kosco, Tetra Tech, and a coalition of sponsors led by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF), managed by Jeff Moeller, WERF. WERF partners included the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI). This manual expands and significantly revises the manual Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring: A Guidance Manual for Meeting the National Stormwater BMP Database Requirements (EPA-821-B-02-001) prepared in 2002 by Geosyntec Consultants, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District and the Urban Water Resources Research Council (UWRRC) of ASCE in cooperation with the USEPA Office of Water. Project Sponsors Nikos Singelis, USEPA, Office of Pesticides (formerly Office of Wastewater Management) Lisa Hair, P.E., USEPA, Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds Robert Goo, USEPA, Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds Jack Faulk, USEPA, Office of Wastewater Management John Kosco, P.E., Tetra Tech (Project Manager for EPA) Jeff Moeller, P.E., Water Environment Research Foundation Brian Parsons, P.E., Environmental and Water Resources Institute, ASCE Patricia Cazenas, P.E., Federal Highway Administration Eric Strassler, USEPA, Office of Water/Office of Science & Technology Project Team Marcus Quigley, P.E., Geosyntec Consultants Jane Clary, LEED AP, CPESC, Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Andrew Earles, P.E., Ph.D., Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Aaron Poresky, Geosyntec Consultants Marc Leisenring, Geosyntec Consultants Eric Strecker, P.E., Geosyntec Consultants Jonathan Jones, P.E., Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Rebecca Miller, Geosyntec Consultants John O’Brien, Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Expert Advisory Panel and Contributors Richard Horner, Ph.D., University of Washington William Hunt, P.E., Ph.D., North Carolina State University Robert Pitt, P.E., Ph.D., DEE, University of Alabama Robert Roseen, P.E. Ph.D., University of New Hampshire Robert Traver, P.E., Ph.D., Villanova University Ben Urbonas, P.E., Urban Watersheds Research Institute Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring Manual Acknowledgements October2009 Page ACK-1 Acknowledgements Urban Water Resources Research Council Reviewers and Contributors Shirley Clark, P.E., Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University James Lenhart, P.E., D.WRE, Contech Betty Rushton, P.E., Ph.D., University of Florida Scott Struck, Ph.D., Tetra Tech M.S. Cheng, Prince George’s County, Maryland Elizabeth Fassman, Ph.D., University of Auckland Thomas O’Connor, USEPA Water Environment Research Foundation Project Subcommittee Members and Reviewers Gregory Granato, U.S. Geological Survey (Reviewer) Michael Barrett, P.E., Ph.D., University of Texas (Reviewer) David Graves, CPESC, CPSWQ, New York State Department of Transportation (Reviewer) Jesse Pritts, P.E., USEPA Bob Carr, P.E., Water Resources Modeling Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring Manual Acknowledgements October2009 Page ACK-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over the past three decades, both public and private entities have monitored urban stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) for many purposes, often related to efforts to comply with the continually evolving federal Clean Water Act. In 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), led by members of the Urban Water Resources Research Council (UWRRC), to initiate the International Stormwater BMP Database (“BMP Database”) project. The BMP Database goals were multifaceted, with key goals including development of a standardized set of monitoring and reporting protocols for urban stormwater BMP performance studies and assembling and summarizing historical and on- going BMP study data into a standardized format to facilitate performance analysis. During the initial stages of the BMP Database project, it became clear that better guidance was needed regarding stormwater BMP monitoring, particularly if monitoring results were to be valuable to the broader technical, management, and regulatory community. As a result, the 2002 version of this monitoring manual was developed to promote collection of more useful and representative data associated with BMP studies, as well as more consistent reporting of monitoring results appropriate for inclusion in the BMP Database. Since that time, both the BMP Database project and stormwater management practices have continued to evolve, prompting this second release of the manual. The purposes of this updated Manual are primarily twofold: 1) Improve the state of the practice by providing and enhancing a recommended set of protocols and standards for collecting, storing, analyzing, and reporting stormwater BMP monitoring data that will lead to better understanding of the function, efficiency, and design of urban stormwater BMPs. 2) Provide monitoring guidance for “Low Impact Development” (LID) strategies at the overall site level (e.g., monitoring overall sites with multiple distributed stormwater controls). The audience for this Manual is targeted primarily to those who possess a basic level of knowledge regarding stormwater quality, hydrology, and regulatory issues. The EPA website (www.epa.gov) and other state and local websites can be referenced for additional guidance and background information. This Manual provides guidance for all stages of BMP monitoring programs ranging from the early stages of study design to the end stages of data interpretation and reporting. Guidance is provided for monitoring a broad range of individual BMPs as well as overall site monitoring with multiple distributed BMPs, such as is the case with LID sites. This Manual focuses primarily on the collection, reporting, and analysis of water quantity and quality measurements at the heart of quantitative BMP efficiency projects. It does not address in detail sediment sampling methods and techniques, biological assessment, monitoring of receiving waters, monitoring of groundwater, streambank erosion, channel instability, channel morphology, or other activities that in many circumstances may be as, or more, Urban Stormwater BMP Performance Monitoring Manual Executive Summary October2009 Page ES-1 Executive Summary useful for measuring and monitoring water quality for assessing BMP efficiency. In some cases, references for additional information on these subjects have been provided. The Manual focuses on these topics: 1) Designing the Monitoring and Reporting Program (Chapter 2): A well-thought out and systematically designed monitoring program is essential to a cost-effective study design that yields meaningful results. The Manual builds upon guidance provided by EPA (2002) in its Guidance for Quality Assurance Project Plans, providing additional guidance specific to stormwater BMP monitoring and the BMP Database protocols. 2) Methods and Equipment for Stormwater BMP Monitoring (Chapters 3 and 4): In order to obtain high-quality data in BMP monitoring studies, it is necessary to select the proper precipitation, flow, and water quality sample collection and monitoring equipment and procedures. Chapter 3 provides information and guidance related to flow and precipitation monitoring in the context of BMP monitoring, and Chapter 4 focuses on water quality sample collection and analysis methods. 3) Implementing the Monitoring Program (Chapter 5): In order for well designed monitoring programs to result in high quality data, personnel must be properly trained,
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