DOCSLIB.ORG

Weather Monitoring Instruments & Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Weather Monitoring Instruments & Systems Weather Monitoring Instruments & Systems 2013 Catalog www.novalynx.com Table of Contents Applications 3 200-85000 Ultrasonic Anemometer ...................................... 54 System Design ......................................................................... 4 200-7000 WindSonic Ultrasonic Anemometer ..................... 55 Site Considerations .................................................................. 5 200-1390 WindObserver II Ultrasonic Anemometer ............ 56 Typical System Drawings ........................................................ 6 200-101908 Current Loop Wind Sensors.............................. 57 Typical System Drawings ........................................................ 7 200-102083 Wind Mark III Wind Sensors ............................ 58 Typical System Drawings ........................................................ 8 200-2020 Micro Response Wind Sensors ............................. 59 Weather Stations 9 200-2030 Micro Response Wind Sensors ............................. 60 110-WS-16 Modular Weather Station ................................... 10 200-WS-21-A Dual Set Point Wind Alarm ........................... 61 110-WS-16 Modular Weather Station ................................... 11 200-WS-23 Current Loop Wind Sensor ................................ 62 110-WS-18 Portable Weather Station.................................... 12 200-455 Totalizing Anemometer with 10-Min Timer ........... 63 110-WS-18 Portable Weather Station.................................... 13 200-WS-25 Wind Logger with Real-Time Display .............. 64 110-WS-16SML Display Software ....................................... 14 200-2520 Wind Meter ........................................................... 65 110-WS-16STR Graphical Display Software ....................... 15 200-2530 Wind Speed Indicator............................................ 65 110-WS-16SMM Met Manager Software ............................. 16 200-960 Handheld Anemometer ........................................... 66 Davis Vantage Pro2 Weather Station ..................................... 17 Kestrel 1000 Pocket Wind Meter .......................................... 67 Kestrel 3000 & 4000 Pocket Weather Meters ....................... 18 La Crosse EA-3010U Anemometer ....................................... 67 Data Acquisition 19 Calibration Accessories ......................................................... 68 195-WS-16 Data Logger ....................................................... 20 Calibration Accessories ......................................................... 69 195-WS-16 Data Logger ....................................................... 21 Wind Direction Calibrators ................................................... 70 195-WS-16AD Automatic Voice Dialers .............................. 22 Wind Speed Calibrators ......................................................... 70 140-400 Spread Spectrum Radio........................................... 23 200-2620 Wind Sock ............................................................. 71 195-26800 Meteorological Display ....................................... 24 200-2510-A 260-2511-A Totalizing Anemometer ................ 72 Signal Conditioning 25 Temperature & Humidity 73 130-200 Series Signal Conditioners ...................................... 26 225-5020-A Hygrothermograph ............................................ 74 135-100 Series Signal Conditioning Translator Boards ........ 27 220-730 Dial Hygrometer ..................................................... 75 135-104 General Purpose Translator Board .......................... 28 225-930 Dial ThermoHygrometer ......................................... 75 Group 395 Enclosures ........................................................... 29 210-4410 Standard Thermometer .......................................... 76 Analog Look-up Table........................................................... 30 210-4420 Min-Max Thermometer Set .................................. 76 Analog & Digital Displays 31 225-520 Pocket Sling Psychrometer ..................................... 77 Analog Displays .................................................................... 32 225-570 Sling Psychrometer ................................................. 77 Digital Displays ..................................................................... 32 225-564 Fan Psychrometer.................................................... 78 Upper Air 33 225-566 Battery Psychrometer .............................................. 78 Meteorological Balloons ....................................................... 34 225-5230 Assmann Psychrometer ......................................... 79 Meteorological Balloons ....................................................... 35 225-569 Pocket Psychrometric Slide Rule ............................ 80 400-2090 Sight Clinometer ................................................... 36 225-HMP60 Humidity/Temp ................................................ 81 400-2095 Ceiling Light Projector ......................................... 36 225-HMP155 Humidity/Temp .............................................. 81 Visibility 37 210-4470 & 210-4480 Temperature Sensors ........................ 82 400-SVS1 Sentry Visibility Sensor ....................................... 38 210-201, 210-301, & 201-600 Temperature Sensors ............ 83 400-6000 Visibility Sensor .................................................... 39 210-TP1 Temperature Sensor ................................................ 84 400-CBME40/80 Cloud Ceilometer ...................................... 40 210-WE700 Temperature Sensor .......................................... 85 Lightning Detection 41 225-THT-1 Temperature & Humidity Sensor ....................... 86 410-SKYSCAN Hand-Held Lightning Detector .................. 42 210-41342 Temp & 225-41382 T/RH ................................... 87 Wind 43 225-42603 Temp Tracker ...................................................... 87 WeatherPort General Purpose Wind Sensors ........................ 44 210-5320 Series Dew Cell ..................................................... 88 WeatherPort High Sensitivity Wind Sensors ......................... 45 Fuel Moisture Sticks & Scale ................................................ 89 NovaVane Wind Speed & Direction Sensors ........................ 46 250-124 Soil Moisture Sensor ............................................... 89 200-2218 Analog Indication Wind System ........................... 47 210-421-A General Purpose Temperature Alarm .................. 90 200-05103 Wind Monitor ...................................................... 48 210-EC Series Frost Alarms .................................................. 91 200-05305 Wind Monitor - Air Quality ................................ 49 225-HM34 Relative Humidity & Temperature Indicator ...... 92 200-27005 Gill UVW Anemometer ...................................... 50 225-RH520A RH/Temp Digital Chart Recorder ................... 93 200-06201 Wind Tracker Display ......................................... 51 225-445703 Big Digit Hygro-Thermometer ......................... 94 200-03002 Wind Sentry ........................................................ 52 380-280 Radiation Shield ...................................................... 95 200-81000 Ultrasonic Anemometer ...................................... 53 380-281 Radiation Shield ...................................................... 95 NovaLynx Corporation PO Box 240 Grass Valley CA 95945 1 Phone: (530) 823-7185 Fax: (530) 823-8997 USA Toll Free: 1-800-321-3577 www.novalynx.com Table of Contents www.novalynx.com 380-41003 Radiation Shield .................................................. 96 260-2597 Pocket Counter .................................................... 142 380-43408 Radiation Shield .................................................. 97 Evaporation 143 380-43502 Radiation Shield .................................................. 97 Group 255 Evaporation Stations ......................................... 144 380-600 Thermometer Shelter ............................................... 98 Group 255 Evaporation Stations ......................................... 145 380-601 Small Instrument Shelter ......................................... 98 255-212 Min-Max Thermometer......................................... 146 380-605 Large Instrument Shelter ......................................... 99 255-200 Evaporation Pan .................................................... 146 220-HMK15 Humidity Calibrator ....................................... 100 255-100 Analog Output Evaporation Gauge ....................... 147 220-HMK41 Calibration Kit ............................................... 100 255-110 Evaporation Gauge Tester ..................................... 147 Barometric Pressure 101 255-620-A Automatic Refill System ................................... 148 230-P111 Dial Barometer .................................................... 102 255-704-B Evaporation Logger .......................................... 149 230-600 Series Barometric Pressure Sensors ...................... 103 255-250 Evaporation Pan Platform ..................................... 150 230-PTB110 Series Analog Barometers.............................. 104 Water Level & Flow 151 230-278 Barometric Pressure Transducer ........................... 105 280-FP Flow Probes ............................................................ 152 230-276 Barometric Pressure Sensor .................................. 106 280-330
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WMO Bulletin, Volume XVI, No. 2: April 1969
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION APRIL 1969 VOL. XVIII No. 2 THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United N ations. WMO was created: to faci litate international co-operation in the establi shment of networks or sta­ tions and centres to provide meteorological services and observations, to promote· the establishment a nd maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological information, to promote standardization of meteorological observations and ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics, to further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture and other human activities, to encourage research a nd training in meteorology. T he World Meteorological Co ngress is the supreme body of the Organization. lt brings together the delegates or a ll Members once every fo ur years to determine general policies for the fulfilment or the purposes of the Organization. ' The Executive Committee is composed of 24 directors of national Meteorological Services serving in an individual capacity; it meets at least once a year to supervise the programmes a pproved by Congress. Six Regional Associations are each composed of Members whose task is to co-ordinate meteorological activities within their respective regions. Eight Technical Commissions composed of experts designated by Members, are responsible for studying the special technical branches relating to meteorological observation, analysis, forecasting, research and the applications of meteorology. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President: A. NYBERG (Sweden) First Vice-President: W. J . GIBBS (Australia) Second Vice-President: E. K. FEDOROV (U .S.S.R.) Third Vice-President: N. A . AKINGBEHIN (Nigeria) Regional Association presidents Africa (1): M .
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation of Snow Initializations in NCEP Global and Regional Forecasting Models
    JUNE 2016 D A W S O N E T A L . 1885 An Evaluation of Snow Initializations in NCEP Global and Regional Forecasting Models NICHOLAS DAWSON,PATRICK BROXTON,XUBIN ZENG, AND MICHAEL LEUTHOLD Department of Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona MICHAEL BARLAGE Research Applications Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado PAT HOLBROOK Idaho Power Company, Boise, Idaho (Manuscript received 13 November 2015, in final form 10 April 2016) ABSTRACT Snow plays a major role in land–atmosphere interactions, but strong spatial heterogeneity in snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE) makes it challenging to evaluate gridded snow quantities using in situ measurements. First, a new method is developed to upscale point measurements into gridded datasets that is superior to other tested methods. It is then utilized to generate daily SD and SWE datasets for water years 2012–14 using measurements from two networks (COOP and SNOTEL) in the United States. These datasets are used to evaluate daily SD and SWE initializations in NCEP global forecasting models (GFS and CFSv2, both on 0.5830.58 grids) and regional models (NAM on 12 km 3 12 km grids and RAP on 13 km 3 13 km grids) across eight 28328 boxes. Initialized SD from three models (GFS, CFSv2, and NAM) that utilize Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) SD data for initialization is 77% below the area-averaged values, on av- erage. RAP initializations, which cycle snow instead of using the AFWA SD, underestimate SD to a lesser degree. Compared with SD errors, SWE errors from GFS, CFSv2, and NAM are larger because of the ap- plication of unrealistically low and globally constant snow densities.
    [Show full text]
  • Soaring Weather
    Chapter 16 SOARING WEATHER While horse racing may be the "Sport of Kings," of the craft depends on the weather and the skill soaring may be considered the "King of Sports." of the pilot. Forward thrust comes from gliding Soaring bears the relationship to flying that sailing downward relative to the air the same as thrust bears to power boating. Soaring has made notable is developed in a power-off glide by a conven­ contributions to meteorology. For example, soar­ tional aircraft. Therefore, to gain or maintain ing pilots have probed thunderstorms and moun­ altitude, the soaring pilot must rely on upward tain waves with findings that have made flying motion of the air. safer for all pilots. However, soaring is primarily To a sailplane pilot, "lift" means the rate of recreational. climb he can achieve in an up-current, while "sink" A sailplane must have auxiliary power to be­ denotes his rate of descent in a downdraft or in come airborne such as a winch, a ground tow, or neutral air. "Zero sink" means that upward cur­ a tow by a powered aircraft. Once the sailcraft is rents are just strong enough to enable him to hold airborne and the tow cable released, performance altitude but not to climb. Sailplanes are highly 171 r efficient machines; a sink rate of a mere 2 feet per second. There is no point in trying to soar until second provides an airspeed of about 40 knots, and weather conditions favor vertical speeds greater a sink rate of 6 feet per second gives an airspeed than the minimum sink rate of the aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Terms
    Glossary Terms € 1584 5W6 5501 a 7181, 12203 5’UTR 8126 a-g Transformation 6938 6Q1 5500 r 7181 6W1 5501 b 7181 a 12202 b-b Transformation 6938 A 12202 d 7181 AAV 10815 Z 1584 Abandoned mines 6646 c 5499 Abiotic factor 148 f 5499 Abiotic 10139, 11375 f,b 5499 Abiotic stress 1, 10732 f,i, 5499 Ablation 2761 m 5499 ABR 1145 th 5499 Abscisic acid 9145 th,Carnot 5499 Absolute humidity 893 th,Otto 5499 Absorbed dose 3022, 4905, 8387, 8448, 8559, 11026 v 5499 Absorber 2349 Ф 12203 Absorber tube 9562 g 5499 Absorption, a(l) 8952 gb 5499 Absorption coefficient 309 abs lmax 5174 Absorption 309, 4774, 10139, 12293 em lmax 5174 Absorptivity or absorptance (a) 9449 μ1, First molecular weight moment 4617 Abstract community 3278 o 12203 Abuse 6098 ’ 5500 AC motor 11523 F 5174 AC 9432 Fem 5174 ACC 6449, 6951 r 12203 Acceleration method 9851 ra,i 5500 Acceptable limit 3515 s 12203 Access time 1854 t 5500 Accessible ecosystem 10796 y 12203 Accident 3515 1Q2 5500 Acclimation 3253, 7229 1W2 5501 Acclimatization 10732 2W3 5501 Accretion 2761 3 Phase boundary 8328 Accumulation 2761 3D Pose estimation 10590 Acetosyringone 2583 3Dpol 8126 Acid deposition 167 3W4 5501 Acid drainage 6665 3’UTR 8126 Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) 167 4W5 5501 Acid (rock or mine) drainage 6646 12316 Glossary Terms Acidity constant 11912 Adverse effect 3620 Acidophile 6646 Adverse health effect 206 Acoustic power level (LW) 12275 AEM 372 ACPE 8123 AER 1426, 8112 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 4997, Aerobic 10139 11129 Aerodynamic diameter 167, 206 ACS 4957 Aerodynamic
    [Show full text]
  • Emergence, Attribution and Extremes Programme
    Meteorological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference 2019 Wellington Monday 25th – Wednesday 27th November Presentation Abstracts Contents Our Sponsors ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Poster Presentation Abstracts .......................................................................................................... 4 Pecha Kucha Presentation Abstracts ............................................................................................. 24 Oral Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................................................... 41 Note: Abstracts are ordered alphabetically based on the presenting author’s surname. Victoria University of Wellington 2 Our Sponsors The Meteorological Society of New Zealand would like to acknowledge and thank the following two organisations for their support of our 2019 Annual Conference: 3 Poster Presentation Abstracts A machine learning approach to inferring the existence of extreme events in meteorological fields Leroy Bird1, Greg Bodeker1 and Jordis Tradowsky1 1Bodeker Scientific Automated detection of extreme weather events (EWEs) in meteorological fields is challenging for several reasons: (i) events of similar dynamical nature can have very different outcomes regarding extremes, (ii) some extremes result from features that are smaller than the spatial scale of the fields that are being analysed (e.g. thunderstorms), and (iii) the use of threshold
    [Show full text]
  • High Concentrations of Biological Aerosol Particles and Ice Nuclei Open Access During and After Rain Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions J
    EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6151–6164, 2013 Atmospheric Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/6151/2013/ doi:10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013 Chemistry Chemistry © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei Open Access during and after rain Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions J. A. Huffman1,2, A. J. Prenni3, P. J. DeMott3, C. Pohlker¨ 2, R. H. Mason4, N. H. Robinson5, J. Frohlich-Nowoisky¨ 2, Y. Tobo3, V. R. Despres´ 6, E. Garcia3, D. J. Gochis7, E. Harris2, I. Muller-Germann¨ 2, C. Ruzene2, B. Schmer2, 2,8 9 2 9 5 3 4 Open Access B. Sinha , D. A. Day , M. O. Andreae , J. L. Jimenez , M. Gallagher , S. M. Kreidenweis , A. K. Bertram , and Open Access U. Poschl¨ 2 Climate 1 Climate Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Illif Ave., Denver, CO, 80208, USA of the Past 2Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany of the Past 3Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA Discussions 4Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Room D223, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1, Canada Open Access 5Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Simon Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK Open Access 6Institute for General Botany, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mullerweg¨ 6, 55099, Mainz,Earth Germany System Earth System 7National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is a Digital Document from the Collections of the Wyoming Water Resources Data System (WRDS) Library
    This is a digital document from the collections of the Wyoming Water Resources Data System (WRDS) Library. For additional information about this document and the document conversion process, please contact WRDS at [email protected] and include the phrase “Digital Documents” in your subject heading. To view other documents please visit the WRDS Library online at: http://library.wrds.uwyo.edu Mailing Address: Water Resources Data System University of Wyoming, Dept 3943 1000 E University Avenue Laramie, WY 82071 Physical Address: Wyoming Hall, Room 249 University of Wyoming Laramie, WY 82071 Phone: (307) 766-6651 Fax: (307) 766-3785 Funding for WRDS and the creation of this electronic document was provided by the Wyoming Water Development Commission (http://wwdc.state.wy.us) THE UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE P. 0. BOX 3038, UNIVERSITY STATION TELEPHONE: 766·2143 LARAMIE, WYOMING 82070 AREA CODE: 307 Water Resources Series No. 24 PRECIPITATION AND ITS MEASUREMENT A STATE OF THE ART Lee W. Larson June 1971 Abstract A comprehensive review of the literature since 1966 for studies and articles dealing with precipitation and its measurement. Topics discussed include gages, gage comparisons, gage shields, errors in measurements, precipitation data, data analysis, networks, and electronic measurements for rain and snow. A bibliogr~phy is included. KEY WORDS: Climatic data/ equipment/ precipitation data/ statistics/ weather data/ wind/ rainfall/ rain gages/ rain/ snow/ snowfall/ snow gages/ snow surveys NOTE: References numbered 1 through 331 in the Partially Annotated Bibliography are listed in alphabetical order. Those numbered 332 and above were obtained after the first list had been prepared for publication and form a second alphabetical listing.
    [Show full text]
  • Ships Observing Marine Climate a Catalogue of the Voluntary
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPIDC COMMISSION (Of UNESCO) MARINE METEOROLOGY AND RELATED OCEANOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES REPORT NO. 25 SHIPS OBSERVING MARINE CLIMATE A CATALOGUE OF THE VOLUNTARY OBSERVING SHIPS PARTICIPATING IN THE VSOP-NA WMO/TD-No. 456 1991 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of the World Meteorological Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. Editorial note: This publication is an offset reproduction of a typescript submitted by the authors and has been produced withoutadditional revision by the WMO and IOC Secretariats. SHIPS OBSERVING MARINE CLIMATE A CATALOGUE OF THE VOLUNTARY OBSERVING SHIPS PARTICIPATING IN THE VSOP-NA Elizabeth.C.Kent and Peter.K.Taylor .James .Rennell. centre for Ocean Circulation, Chilworth Research Park. Southampton. UK PREFACE Meteorological observations made onboard merchant vessels of the i'H) vollIDtary observing shipa (ves) scheme, when transmitted to shore in real-time:J are a substantial canponent of the Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch and are essential tc> the pr<>vision of marine lleteorological services ~ as well as tc> ID€:teorol.ogical analyses and forecasts generally. These observations are also recorded in ships r meteorological log1xx>ks:t for later exchange., archival and p:roc-essing -through the i'H) Marine CliJDa.tc>logical StlJllDa'ries Scheme, and as such. they conatitute an equally essential source of data for determining the cliJDa.tc>logy of the marineatlooaphere and ocean surface, and 'for OJIIIPUt.ing a variety of air-sea fluxes.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Process Cruise 2018 020720
    Physical Process Cruise 2018 Cruise Report The Nansen Legacy Report Series 2/2020 Physical Process Cruise 2018 Cruise 2018709 R.V. Kronprins Haakon Longyearbyen-Longyearbyen September 14 -September 24, 2018 Authors: Ilker Fer – cruise leader Frank Nilsen- cruise co-leader Anthony Bosse Eva Falck Trygve Fossum Lars R Hole Zoe Koenig Eivind Kolås Aleksander Dürr Libæk Ben Lincoln Martin Ludvigsen Marika Marnela Malte Müller Petter Norgren Inger Lise Næss Jean Rabault Andrew Siedl Ragnheid Skogseth Inga Breisnes Utkilen To be cited as: Ilker Fer, Frank Nilsen, Anthony Bosse, Eva Falck, Trygve Fossum, Lars R Hole, Zoe Koenig, Eivind Kolås, Aleksander Dürr Libæk, Ben Lincoln, Martin Ludvigsen, Marika Marnela, Malte Müller, Petter Norgren, Inger Lise Næss, Jean Rabault, Andrew Siedl, Ragnheid Skogseth and Inga Breisnes Utkilen (2020). Physical Process Cruise 2018: Cruise Report. The Nansen Legacy Report Series, 2/2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/nlrs.5503 © The authors. This report is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license ISSN 2703-7525 Publisher: Septentrio Academic Publishing, Tromsø, Norway 1 Contents 1. Background ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Survey area ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Activity reports .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of the Compact Dopplar Radar Rain Gauge and Optical
    Short Paper J. Agric. Meteorol. 67 (3): 199–204, 2011 Comparison of the compact dopplar radar rain gauge and optical disdrometer Ko NAKAYA†, and Yasushi TOYODA (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba, 270–1194, Japan) Abstract The operations of a compact Doppler radar rain gauge (R2S; Rufft, FRG) and optical disdrometer (LPM; THIES, FRG) are based on raindrop size distribution (DSD) measurements. We checked the instrumental error of these sensors and compared each sensor with a reference tipping-bucket rain gauge. This is because both rain gauges can detect fine particles and so they can function as rain sensors. The R2S has a measuring bias of rainfall intensity when the drop size distribution differs from the assumed statistical DSD model. The instrumental error on the LPM is small; in fact, the LPM shows good agreement with the reference rain gauge. Where the atmospheric density differs remarkably from the standard elevation, as is the case in highland areas, the R2S requires calibration using a reference rain gauge. The resultant calibration coefficient of the R2S to convert the reading into a reference tip- ping-bucket rain-gauge equivalent was 0.51 in a forest at an elevation of 1380 m. Further gathering of calibration coefficients obtained at different elevations will improve the R2S’s applicability. Key words: Doppler radar rain gauge, Drop size distribution, Optical disdrometer, Tipping-bucket rain gauge. Although the accuracy and suggested errors of rainfall 1. Introduction observations using typical Doppler radar have been Rainfall properties, such as the intensity, amount, reviewed in many studies (Maki et al., 1998, for duration, and type, constitute important meteorological example), reviews for the R2S compared to a reference information that is useful for agriculture and forestation rain gauge are few.
    [Show full text]
  • Response to Comments the Authors Thank the Reviewers for Their
    Response to comments The authors thank the reviewers for their constructive comments, which provide the basis to improve the quality of the manuscript and dataset. We address all points in detail and reply to all comments here below. We also updated SCDNA from V1 to V1.1 on Zenodo based on the reviewer’s comments. The modifications include adding station source flag, adding original files for location merged stations, and adding a quality control procedure based on the final SCDNA. SCDNA estimates are generally consistent between the two versions, with the total number of stations reduced from 27280 to 27276. Reviewer 1 General comment The manuscript presents and advertises a very interesting dataset of temperature and precipitation observation collected over several years in North America. The work is certainly well suited for the readership of ESSD and it is overall very important for the meteorological and climatological community. Furthermore, creation of quality controlled databases is an important contribution to the scientific community in the age of data science. I have a few points to consider before publication, which I recommend, listed below. 1. Measurement instruments: from my background, I am much closer to the instruments themselves (and their peculiarities and issues), as hardware tools. What I missed here was a description of the stations and their instruments. Questions like: which are the instruments deployed in the stations? How is precipitation measured (tipping buckets? buckets? Weighing gauges? Note for example that some instruments may have biases when measuring snowfall while others may not)? How is it temperature measured? How is this different from station to station in your database? Response: We have added the descriptions of measurement instruments in both the manuscript and dataset documentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Meteorology
    International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) Volume VI, Issue VIIIS, August 2017 | ISSN 2278-2540 Aviation Meteorology Yashmitha Kumaran, N. Sumathi Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract: - The purpose of this paper is to highlight the general atmosphere plays a major role in protecting the Earth‟s life terms and definitions that falls under the ‘common set’ in the forms from the solar radiations, cosmic rays and meteoroids. intersection of the sets Meteorology and Aerospace Engineering. It is also responsible for maintaining the Earth‟s global It begins with the universal explanations for the meteorological temperature by insolation, reflection and circulation, and for phenomena under the ‘common set’ followed by the the scattering of sunlight, which enables us to perceive categorization of clouds and their influences on the aerial various colours. vehicles, the instrumentation used in Aeronautics to determine the required Meteorological quantities, factors affecting aviation, Oceans have a diurnal variation of just 2 to 3C and they effects of aviation on the clouds, and the corresponding protocols consist of two separate layers of water, warm and cold. The involved in deciphering the ‘common set’ elements. layer of separation is called thermocline. The upper (warm) It also talks about the relation between airport construction and layer is a heat reservoir and is 150 to 200 meters deep. This is Geology prior to concluding with the uses and successes of the cause for the genesis of several aquatic circulations like Meteorology in the field of Aerospace. the cyclones, the hurricanes and the typhoons. The Earth is at an average distance of 149,600,000 km from I.
    [Show full text]