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WMO Bulletin, Volume XVI, No. 2: April 1969
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION APRIL 1969 VOL. XVIII No. 2 THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United N ations. WMO was created: to faci litate international co-operation in the establi shment of networks or sta tions and centres to provide meteorological services and observations, to promote· the establishment a nd maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological information, to promote standardization of meteorological observations and ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics, to further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture and other human activities, to encourage research a nd training in meteorology. T he World Meteorological Co ngress is the supreme body of the Organization. lt brings together the delegates or a ll Members once every fo ur years to determine general policies for the fulfilment or the purposes of the Organization. ' The Executive Committee is composed of 24 directors of national Meteorological Services serving in an individual capacity; it meets at least once a year to supervise the programmes a pproved by Congress. Six Regional Associations are each composed of Members whose task is to co-ordinate meteorological activities within their respective regions. Eight Technical Commissions composed of experts designated by Members, are responsible for studying the special technical branches relating to meteorological observation, analysis, forecasting, research and the applications of meteorology. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President: A. NYBERG (Sweden) First Vice-President: W. J . GIBBS (Australia) Second Vice-President: E. K. FEDOROV (U .S.S.R.) Third Vice-President: N. A . AKINGBEHIN (Nigeria) Regional Association presidents Africa (1): M . -
Emergence, Attribution and Extremes Programme
Meteorological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference 2019 Wellington Monday 25th – Wednesday 27th November Presentation Abstracts Contents Our Sponsors ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Poster Presentation Abstracts .......................................................................................................... 4 Pecha Kucha Presentation Abstracts ............................................................................................. 24 Oral Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................................................... 41 Note: Abstracts are ordered alphabetically based on the presenting author’s surname. Victoria University of Wellington 2 Our Sponsors The Meteorological Society of New Zealand would like to acknowledge and thank the following two organisations for their support of our 2019 Annual Conference: 3 Poster Presentation Abstracts A machine learning approach to inferring the existence of extreme events in meteorological fields Leroy Bird1, Greg Bodeker1 and Jordis Tradowsky1 1Bodeker Scientific Automated detection of extreme weather events (EWEs) in meteorological fields is challenging for several reasons: (i) events of similar dynamical nature can have very different outcomes regarding extremes, (ii) some extremes result from features that are smaller than the spatial scale of the fields that are being analysed (e.g. thunderstorms), and (iii) the use of threshold -
Precipitation and Cocorahs Data in MO
Received: 6 August 2017 Accepted: 10 October 2017 DOI: 10.1002/hyp.11381 RESEARCH ARTICLE The importance of choosing precipitation datasets Micheal J. Simpson1 | Adam Hirsch2 | Kevin Grempler2 | Anthony Lupo2,3 1 Water Resources Program, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 203‐T Abstract ABNR Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Precipitation data are important for hydrometeorological analyses, yet there are many ways to 2 Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Science measure precipitation. The impact of station density analysed by the current study by comparing Department, School of Natural Resources, measurements from the Missouri Mesonet available via the Missouri Climate Center and Commu- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, nity Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow (CoCoRaHS) measurements archived at the program USA website. The CoCoRaHS data utilize citizen scientists to report precipitation data providing for 3 Department of Natural Resources Management and Land Cadastre, Belgorod much denser data resolution than available through the Mesonet. Although previous research State National Research University, Belgorod, has shown the reliability of CoCoRaHS data, the results here demonstrate important differences 308015, Russia in details of the spatial and temporal distribution of annual precipitation across the state of Correspondence Missouri using the two data sets. Furthermore, differences in the warm and cold season Micheal J. Simpson, University of Missouri, Water Resources Program, School of Natural distributions are presented, some of which may be related to interannual variability such as that Resources, 203‐T ABNR Building, Columbia associated with the El Niño and Southern Oscillation. The contradictory results from two 65211, MO, USA. widely‐used datasets display the importance in properly choosing precipitation data that have Email: [email protected] vastly differing temporal and spatial resolutions. -
Joint Organizing Committee
GARP JOINT ORGANIZING COMMITTEE GARP PUBLICATION S SERIES No.' 4 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL WORLD METEOROLOGICAL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS ORGANIZATION GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH PROGRAMME (GARP) WMO-ICSU Joint Organizing Committee THE PLANNING OF . , .. \ GARP TROPICAL EXPERI'ME,.NTS GARP PUBLICATIONS SERIES No. 4 January 1970 03···SO-76 C"2 © 1970, World Meteorological Organization International Conncil of Scientific Unions CONTENTS Page FOREWORD . V SUMMARY (English, French, Russian, Spanish) VII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . XIII 1. INTRODUCTION..... 1 1.1 The place of tropical experiments within the context of GARP. 1 1.2 Earlier recommendations concerning experiments in the tropics 2 1.3 The JOC Study Group on Tropical Disturbances ...... 3 1.4 The Report of the JOC to the Executive Committees of WMO and ICSU. 3 1.5 The genesis of the present report. ................. 4 2. SCIENTIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TROPICAL EXPERIMENTS. 5 2. 1 General considerations. ............ 5 2.2 The scales of atmospheric motions in the tropics. 5 2.3 The problems to be solved. ..... 6 2.4 The relation with previous experiments ..... 7 3. A IDERARCHY OF GARP EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN THE TROPICS. ..... .. 8 3. 1 The concept of GARP experimental studies ............ .. 8 3.2 An experimental study to define the interactions between the large wave- scale and the cloud-cluster scale (Scales A and B) ......... .. 9 3.3 An experimental study to determine the interaction between the scale of the cloud cluster and the meso-convective scales (Scales Band C). .... .. 10 3.4 Auxiliary experimental studies on convection over a tropical land mass. " 10 3. 5 Auxiliary experimental studies on the planetary boundary layer in the equa- torial region ......................... -
Download Date 08/10/2021 00:06:14
Instructions to the Marine Meteorological Observers of the U. S. Weather Bureau, 4th edition. Item Type Book Publisher Government Printing Office Download date 08/10/2021 00:06:14 Item License http://www.oceandocs.org/license Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5222 �'w. B. No. 866 U. s.(pEPARTMENTOF AGRICULTURE) WEATHER BUREAU INSTRUCTIONS TO MARINE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVERS rr;e �� 4 c -s::r ho,M - M, MARIME f'IVTS!ON CIRCULAR FOURTH EDITION lfMed /9).5" WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOlll 1926 Blank page retained for pagination ILLUSTRATIONS Pnlle Barograph, Richard's---------------------------------------------- aro B meter: 33 Jlnerold------------------------�--------------------------------- ]darlne__________________________________________________________ _ 32 _ _ __ llalos ____ ______________________________ __________ _____________ _ __ 24 g lly rogrnph, Rlchard's--�-------------------------------------------- 51 _ ll _______________________ __ ygrometer, with stationary thermometers 40 h __________________________________________________ Payc rometer, sling 40 r The mograph--------------------------------------------------------- 3U Thermometer supports_ ·--------------------------------------------- · 38 er Th mometer, water------------------------------------------------ 37 ime T chart, showing·local time corresponding to Greenwich mean noon__ 41 Ve rniers____________________________________________________________ _ 90 a W b1ings,' fiag· and lantern displaY----------------------------------- 28 eat ________________________________ -
Climate Change and Global Warming, Introduction to Various Meteorological Equipments Subject: AGRICULTURE
Class Notes Class: XI Topic: Climate change and global warming, Introduction to various meteorological equipments Subject: AGRICULTURE UNIT-II Climate change and global warming Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. Temperature records going back to the late 19th Century show that the average temperature of the Earth's surface has increased by about 0.8C (1.4F) in the last 100 years. About 0.6C (1.0F) of this warming occurred in the last three decades. Satellite data shows an average increase in global sea levels of some 3mm per year in recent decades. The Greenland Ice Sheet has experienced record melting in recent years; if the entire 2.8 million cubic km sheet were to melt, it would raise sea levels by 6m. Satellite data shows the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is also losing mass, and a recent study indicated that East Antarctica, which had displayed no clear warming or cooling trend, may also have started to lose mass in the last few years. But scientists are not expecting dramatic changes. In some places, mass may actually increase as warming temperatures drive the production of more snows. The effects of a changing climate can also be seen in vegetation and land animals. These include earlier flowering and fruiting times for plants and changes in the territories (or ranges) occupied by animals. Causes of Global Warming Greenhouse Gases Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from leaking back into space. -
Raincast Study
Proposal to ESA for the Raincast study In response to ITT AO/1-9324/18/NL/NA ESA AO/1-9324/18/NL/NA Raincast Technical Proposal Page 1 __________________________________________________________________________________ 1) TECHNICAL PART 1.1 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND OBJECTIVES This technical proposal has been prepared by Dr. A. Battaglia (University of Leicester, UK), Prof. Dr. P. Kollias (McGill University), Dr G. Panegrossi, Dr .E. Cattani and Dr. M. Montopoli (CNR- ISAC) and Dr. Mengistu Wolde (CNR-Canada) in response to the ESA Invitation to Tender Raincast (ITT AO/1-9324/18/NL/IA) and to the technical requirements of the ITT. 1.1.1 Concise fUnctional analysis of the technical requirements The Raincast is a multi-platform and multi-sensor study to address the requirement from the research and operational communities for global precipitation measurements. Raincast aims at identifying and consolidating the science requirements for a satellite mission that could complement the existing space-based precipitation observing system and that could optimally liaise with concurrent efforts currently made by other agencies in this area (especially by NASA and JAXA). Because of the complexity of the cloud and precipitation processes the study must capitalize on the most recent advancement and mission concepts for precipitation observations with state-of- the-art instrumentation and should make full use of the most recent advancements in inversion methods for the estimation of precipitation variables from primary measurements (e.g. latest ice scattering libraries, physical relationships derived by in-situ measurements). 1.1.2 Understanding of the main technical objectives of the ITT The holistic understanding of the Earth’s water and energy cycle remains one of the grand challenges that the international scientific community needs to address in the next decade. -
Master Reference
Master A term extractor for the World Meteorological Organization - a comparison of different systems MEJIA, Sofia Abstract At the World Meteorological Organization term extraction is currently done manually for certain publications. There is a need to extract terminology from larger publications and for the terminology database to contain more technical terms. We have evaluated two term extractos, MultiTrans Prism 5.5 and SynchroTerm 2014, following the EAGLES methodology combined with ISO SQuaRE series quality characteristics. The results show that MultiTrans Prism 5.5 fulfils better the requirements of users within the World Meteorological Organization. They also show that these two term extractors are far from accomplishing the task as a terminographer would. Reference MEJIA, Sofia. A term extractor for the World Meteorological Organization - a comparison of different systems. Master : Univ. Genève, 2016 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:104950 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 MA Thesis Sofía Magdalena Mejía A TERM EXTRACTOR FOR THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION – A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS FTI, Université de Genève Département de traitement informatique multilingue MA Thesis Director: Prof. Marianne Starlander MA Thesis Jury: Prof. Lucía Morado Vázquez Academic year: 2015-2016; session: January 2016 - 2 - Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost my thesis director, Marianne Starlander, for her infinite patience, her support and encouragement. For being always available and for the happiness she exudes. I am also grateful to Lucía Morado Vázquez for accepting to act as jury of this thesis. From the University of Geneva I would also like to thank Aurélie Picton and Donatella Pullitano for their generous advice on term extractors and for helping me and my director to shape this study. -
Meteorological Systems for Hydrological Purposes
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY REPORT No. 42 METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR HYDROLOGICAL PURPOSES WMO-No. 813 Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization – Geneva – Switzerland THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), of which 187* States and Territories are Members, is a specialized agency of the United Nations. The purposes of the Organization are: (a) To facilitate worldwide cooperation in the establishment of networks of stations for the making of meteorological observations as well as hydrological and other geophysical observations related to meteorology, and to promote the establishment and maintenance of centres charged with the provision of meteorological and related services; (b) To promote the establishment and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological and related infor- mation; (c) To promote standardization of meteorological and related observations and to ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics; (d) To further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture and other human activi- ties; (e) To promote activities in operational hydrology and to further close cooperation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services; and (f) To encourage research and training in meteorology and, as appropriate, in related fields and to assist in coordinating the international aspects of such research and training. (Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, Article 2) The Organization -
Practical Manual
PRACTICAL MANUAL on AGROMETEOROLOGY Dr. L.R. Yadav Dr. S.S. Yadav Dr. O.P. Sharma Dr. A. C. Shivran 2012 Department of Agronomy S.K.N. College of Agriculture (SK Rajasthan Agricultural University) Campus : Jobner – 303329 (Rajasthan) SKN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE (S.K.RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY: BIKANER) JOBNER-303329 Distt. - Jaipur (Raj.) Phone: 01425-254022 (O), 01425-254022 (Fax) 01425-254023(R) Dr. G.L. Keshwa Dean FOREWORD Weather and crop production are integral components of agriculture. During the era of global warming and climate change, the role of agrometeorology in agriculture has become more important in mitigating the challenges arised by climate change. Successful crop production depends on the prevailing weather conditions at different stages of crop growth. This manual has been prepared to enhance the understanding of undergraduate students regarding measurement of weather elements, their interpretation and role in crop production. Dr. L.R. Yadav, Dr. S.S. Yadav, Dr. O.P. Sharma and Dr. A.C Shivran deserve congratulation for bringing out this manual for benefit of students, readers and all those involved in the measurement of weather data. PREFACE Agriculture and weather are the essential components of the crop production. Crop production depends upon the prevailing weather conditions at different stages of crop growth. Precise measurements of weather elements ar e required to understand the proper interpretation in relation to crop growth and development. Recently, the course curricula of undergraduate classes has been reoriented according to IV Dean‘s committee of ICAR. The practical exercises of this manual are according to new syllabi of agrometerology course running in the UG programme. -
Downloaded 10/10/21 09:06 PM UTC Bulletin American Meteorological Society 1059
John F. Griffiths A Chronology ol llems of Department of Meteorology Texas A8cM University Meteorological interest College Station, Tex. 77843 Any attempt to select important events in meteorology The importance of some events was not really recog- must be a personal choice. I have tried to be objective nized until years later (note the correspondence by and, additionally, have had input from some of my Haurwitz in the August 1966 BULLETIN, p. 659, concern- colleagues in the Department of Meteorology. Neverthe- ing Coriolis's contribution) and therefore, strictly, did less, I am likely to have omissions from the list, and I not contribute to the development of meteorology. No would welcome any suggestions (and corrections) from weather phenomena, such as the dates of extreme hurri- interested readers. Naturally, there were many sources canes, tornadoes, or droughts, have been included in this of reference, too many to list, but the METEOROLOGICAL present listing. Fewer individuals are given in the more AND GEOASTROPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS, Sir Napier Shaw's recent years for it is easier to identify milestones of a Handbook of Meteorology (vol. 1), "Meteorologische science when many years have passed. 1 Geschichstabellen" by C. Kassner, and One Hundred i Linke, F. (Ed.), 1951: Meteorologisches Taschenbuch, vol. Years of International Co-operation in Meteorology I, 2nd ed., Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig, (1873-1973) (WMO No. 345) were most useful. Leipzig, pp. 330-359. (1st ed., 1931.) B.C. 1066 CHOU dynasty was founded in China, during which official records were kept that in- cluded climatic descriptions. #600 THALES attributed the yearly Nile River floods to wind changes. -
Manual on Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes
Doc 9837 AN/454 Manual on Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Second Edition — 2011 International Civil Aviation Organization Doc 9837 AN/454 Manual on Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes ________________________________ Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Second Edition — 2011 International Civil Aviation Organization Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int First edition 2006 Second edition 2011 Doc 9837, Manual on Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes Order Number: 9837 ISBN 978-92-9231-799-7 © ICAO 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA No. Date Entered by No. Date Entered by 1 4/4/14 ICAO 2 23/6/17 ICAO (iii)