DOCSLIB.ORG

Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism Editors Benjamin G. Wright, III Department of Religion Studies, Lehigh University Associate Editors Florentino García Martínez Qumran Institute, University of Groningen Hindy Najman Department and Centre for the Study of Religion, University of Toronto Advisory Board g. bohak – j.j. collins – j. duhaime – p.w. van der horst – a.k. petersen – m. popoviĆ – j.t.a.g.m. van ruiten – j. sievers – g. stemberger – e.j.c. tigchelaar – j. magliano-tromp VOLUME 149 Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic An Intertextual Reading By Helge S. Kvanvig LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kvanvig, Helge S., 1948– Primeval history : Babylonian, biblical, and Enochic : an intertextual reading / by Helge S. Kvanvig. p. cm. — (Supplements to the Journal for the study of Judaism ; v. 149) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16380-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Atrahasis (Old Babylonian epic) 2. Assyro-Babylonian literature—History and criticism. 3. Bible. O.T. Genesis— History of Biblical events. 4. Ethiopic book of Enoch VI–XXXVI—Cricitism, interpretation, etc. 5. Creation—Comparative studies. I. Title. PJ3611.K83 2011 208’.2—dc22 2010053917 ISSN 1384-2161 ISBN 978 90 04 16380 5 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. I have learned the art of the sage, Adapa, I am familiar with the secret storehouse of all scribal learning, celestial and terrestrial portents. I can debate in an assembly of scholars and discuss with the clever oil diviners (the treatise) “if the liver is a replica of the sky.” I used to figure out complicated divisions and multiplications that have no solutions. Time and again I have read the cleverly written composi- tions in which the Sumerian is obscure and the Akkadian is difficult to interpret correctly. I have studied inscriptions on stone from before the Flood which are sealed, obscure and confused. Assurbanipal (668–627 BCE) CONTENTS Acknowledgments .............................................................................. xi Abbreviations ..................................................................................... xiii Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 Primeval History ............................................................................ 1 Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic .............................................. 3 PART ONE MESOPOTAMIAN PRIMEVAL TRADITIONS 1. The Epic of Atrahasis ................................................................... 13 1.1 The Manuscripts of Atrahasis ........................................... 13 1.2 Outline of the Story ............................................................ 19 1.2.1 The Igigu Myth ....................................................... 19 1.2.2 The Flood Myth ...................................................... 21 1.3 The Overall Structure of the Epic .................................... 25 1.3.1 Creation and Annihilation ................................... 25 1.3.2 First and Second World Order for Humans ..... 29 1.3.3 TheConfusion of the Human and the Divine ... 39 1.4 The Characters ..................................................................... 60 1.4.1 The Gods .................................................................. 60 1.4.2 Atrahasis .................................................................. 65 1.5 The Noise: Conceptualizing the Story ............................. 72 1.5.1 “Noise and Din” in the Scholarly Discussion ... 72 1.5.2 Rigmu as a Key Word ............................................ 75 2. Primeval Lists and Stories ........................................................... 83 2.1 The Variety of Traditions .................................................. 83 2.2 The Eridu Genesis ............................................................... 84 2.3 Antediluvian Kings and Cities .......................................... 90 2.4 Extraordinary Antediluvian Kings ................................... 99 3. The Traditions of the Apkallus .................................................. 107 3.1 The Lists of the Seven Apkallus ........................................ 107 3.2 Bīt Mēseri and the Adapa Myth ....................................... 117 3.3 TheApkallus as Protective Spirits .................................... 129 viii contents 3.4 TheApkallus as Guardians of the Cosmic Order and of the King ................................................................... 136 3.5 TheApkallus and the Transmission of Antediluvian Revelation ............................................................................. 146 4. The Poem of Erra and the Disruption of Cosmic Stability .... 159 5. Concluding Remarks ................................................................... 177 PART TWO PRIMEVAL HISTORY IN GENESIS 1. The Sources of the Primeval History ........................................ 185 2. The Overall Composition of Genesis ........................................ 189 3. The Theology of the Priestly Source .......................................... 191 4. The Beginning and End of the Primeval History ................... 197 5. Priestly and Non-Priestly Material in the Primeval History ............................................................................................ 201 6. The Biblical Flood Story and Mesopotamian Parallels .......... 209 7. The Structure of the Priestly Source and Mesopotamian Primeval Traditions ...................................................................... 235 7.1 Mesopotamian and Biblical Primeval Histories ............ 235 7.2 The Protagonists: Enoch and Noah ................................. 243 7.3 The Priestly Document as a Counter Story .................... 258 8. The Reason for the Flood and the non-P Material ................ 265 8.1 The Earliest Strata of non-P .............................................. 265 8.2 Genesis 6:1–4 and the Fate of the Antediluvians .......... 274 9. Concluding Remarks ................................................................... 311 PART THREE THE PRIMEVAL HISTORY IN THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 1. The Book of Watchers ................................................................. 319 1.1 The Literary Sources ........................................................... 319 1.2 The Parts and Content of the Book of Watchers .......... 323 1.3 Diffusion ............................................................................... 325 1.3.1 Enochic Writings and the Aramaic Testament of Levi ....................................................................... 325 contents ix 1.3.2 The Wisdom of Ben Sira and Pseudo-Eupolemus ................................................. 330 1.3.3 Evidence from Qumran and Daniel 7 ................ 341 2. The Watcher Story ....................................................................... 347 2.1 Growth and Date ................................................................ 347 2.2 Genesis and the Watcher Story ........................................ 361 2.2.1 Comparison between Genesis 1–9 and the Watcher Story ......................................................... 361 2.2.2 The Watcher Story and the Priestly Source ....... 368 2.2.3 The Watcher Story and Genesis 6:1–4 ................ 373 2.3 The Literary Structure of the Watcher Story ................. 395 2.4 The Flood in the Watcher Story ....................................... 405 2.4.1 The Flood Structure in the Watcher Story and in the Priestly Source ............................................. 405 2.4.2 The Human-Divine Mixture and the Giants ..... 413 2.5 The Rebellion in the Watcher Story ................................ 426 2.5.1 The Watcher Story and the Poem of Erra ......... 426 2.5.2 The Watchers in Daniel 4 ..................................... 428 2.5.3 The Watchers in the Watcher Story ................... 443 2.5.4 The Watchers and Teaching ................................. 453 2.5.5 Forbidden Marriage ............................................... 469 2.6 Enoch in the Watcher Story ............................................. 498 2.6.1 Enoch as Protagonist ............................................. 498 2.6.2 The Demons ............................................................ 504 2.6.3 Enoch as Intercessor and Primary Sage ............. 508 3. Concluding Remarks ................................................................... 517 Appendix: The Primeval History in Genesis and in the Watcher Story ................................................................................ 531 Bibliography ........................................................................................ 575 Indices .................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mythological Tales Which Must Have Been Current Among the Sumerians And
    oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE of THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ASSYRIOLOGIOAL STUDIES JOHN ALBEBT WILSON and THOMAS GEORGE ALLEN Editors oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu GILGAMESH AND THE HULUPPU-TREV oi.uchicago.edu THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY NEW YORK THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON THE MARTJZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FTTKTJOKA, SENDAI THE COMMERCIAL PRESS, LIMITED SHANGHAI oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE of THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ASSYRIOLOGICAL STUDIES, NO. 10 GILGAMESH AND THE HULUPPU-TREE A RECONSTRUCTED SUMERIAN TEXT By SAMUEL N. KRAMER THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PUBLISHED APRIL 1938 PRINTED IN GERMANY BY J.J. AUGUSTIN, GLT)CKSTADT-HAMBURG-NEW YORK oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix TEXT AND TRANSLATION 1 PROBLEMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF SUMERIAN 11 COMMENTARY ON THE GILGAMESH TEXT 31 vii oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABL Harper, Robert Francis. Assyrian and Babylonian letters belonging to the Kouyunjik collection of the British Museum (14 vols.; London, 1892-1914). AJSL American journal of Semitic languages and literatures (Chicago etc., 1884 .)• AO Paris. Musee national du Louvre. Antiquites orientales. (Followed by catalogue number.) AOF Archiv fur Orientforschung (Berlin, 1923 ). AS Chicago. University. Oriental Institute. Assyriological studies (Chicago, 1931 ). AS~No. 8 Kramer, Samuel N. The Sumerian prefix forms be- and bi- in the time of the earlier princes of Lagag (1936). ASKT Haupt, Paul. Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte (Leipzig, 1881-82). BE Pennsylvania. University. The Babylonian expedition of the Uni­ versity of Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • Mythsandlegends 11
    하얀파도의 神話想像世界 11 - 메소포타미아 2010 신화ㆍ상상세계 사전 (神話ㆍ想像世界 辭典) 제11권 메소포타미아 일러두기 이 글을 제가 여기저기의 글을 편집해서 만든 신화ㆍ상상세계 사전의 열한 번째 부분이다. 티그리스와 유프라테스 강 사이에 있는 메소포타미아의 신화와 전설을 모 았다. 아직까지 Encyclopedia Mythica와 조철수의 『수메스 신화』에서 발췌한 내 용이 대부분이다. 하지만 조철수 교수는 세계에서 수메르어를 전공한 몇 안되는 분 중 한 분이기 때문에 앞으로 영어로 표기된 발음이 아니고 수메르어에 가까운 표기 로 수메르 신화를 접할 수 있을 것 같다. [ ] 안에 지역을 집어넣어 구별할 수 있도록 하였습니다. 책이름은 『 』에 넣 고, 잡지나 신문 등 기타는 「 」에 넣었다. (2008.8) 수메르 사람들은 기원전 4천경에 물건을 상징하는 물표를 만들어 그 표면에 물건 의 특색을 그려 넣어서 사용했다. 기원전 3300년경에 상형문자와 숫자를 쓰기 시작 했다. 그들은 중국 사람들처럼 많은 상형문자를 만들지 않았다. 기원전 2600년경에 는 사용하는 문자가 줄어들어 약 700개의 문자만 썼다. 수메르 사람들은 기존의 문 자를 조합해서 새로운 낱말로 만들어 썼다. 중국 사람들도 기존의 글자를 이용해서 새로운 뜻을 표현했지만, 그들은 새로운 글자를 만들어 냄으로써 글자 수가 기하급 수적으로 늘어나게 만들었다. 수메르 사람들은 “루(lu2, 사람)”와 “갈(gal, 큰)”을 합쳐서 갈루(GAL.LU2)로 표기 하고 루갈로 읽었다. 그 뜻은 “왕”이 되었다. 하지만 “큰 사람”을 말하는 경우에는 루-갈(lu2-gal)로 표기했다. 한편 한 문자를 여러 음으로 발음하고 그 뜻도 각기 다 른 경우가 있다. “입”은 카(ka)인데, “말하다”라는 뜻인 “둑(dug4)”으로 읽거나 “말 씀”이라는 뜻인 “이님(inim)”, “이빨”이라는 뜻인 “주(zu)”로 읽기도 했다. 수메르 사람들은 모든 단어를 표의문자로 만들지 않았다. “꿈”이라는 단어는 “마 무드(mamud)”라고 하는데, “꿈”이라는 표의문자를 만들지 않고 2개 음절로 “마-무 드(ma-mud)”로 표기했다.
    [Show full text]
  • For a Falcon
    New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves CRESCENT BOOKS NEW YORK New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Translated by Richard Aldington and Delano Ames and revised by a panel of editorial advisers from the Larousse Mvthologie Generate edited by Felix Guirand and first published in France by Auge, Gillon, Hollier-Larousse, Moreau et Cie, the Librairie Larousse, Paris This 1987 edition published by Crescent Books, distributed by: Crown Publishers, Inc., 225 Park Avenue South New York, New York 10003 Copyright 1959 The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited New edition 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission of The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 0-517-00404-6 Printed in Yugoslavia Scan begun 20 November 2001 Ended (at this point Goddess knows when) LaRousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves Perseus and Medusa With Athene's assistance, the hero has just slain the Gorgon Medusa with a bronze harpe, or curved sword given him by Hermes and now, seated on the back of Pegasus who has just sprung from her bleeding neck and holding her decapitated head in his right hand, he turns watch her two sisters who are persuing him in fury. Beneath him kneels the headless body of the Gorgon with her arms and golden wings outstretched. From her neck emerges Chrysor, father of the monster Geryon. Perseus later presented the Gorgon's head to Athene who placed it on Her shield.
    [Show full text]
  • For a Falcon
    New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves CRESCENT BOOKS NEW YORK New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Translated by Richard Aldington and Delano Ames and revised by a panel of editorial advisers from the Larousse Mvthologie Generate edited by Felix Guirand and first published in France by Auge, Gillon, Hollier-Larousse, Moreau et Cie, the Librairie Larousse, Paris This 1987 edition published by Crescent Books, distributed by: Crown Publishers, Inc., 225 Park Avenue South New York, New York 10003 Copyright 1959 The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited New edition 1968 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission of The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 0-517-00404-6 Printed in Yugoslavia Scan begun 20 November 2001 Ended (at this point Goddess knows when) LaRousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Introduction by Robert Graves Perseus and Medusa With Athene's assistance, the hero has just slain the Gorgon Medusa with a bronze harpe, or curved sword given him by Hermes and now, seated on the back of Pegasus who has just sprung from her bleeding neck and holding her decapitated head in his right hand, he turns watch her two sisters who are persuing him in fury. Beneath him kneels the headless body of the Gorgon with her arms and golden wings outstretched. From her neck emerges Chrysor, father of the monster Geryon. Perseus later presented the Gorgon's head to Athene who placed it on Her shield.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epic of Gilgamesh
    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Underlying Motifs in the Hero’s Quest for Immortality in The Epic of Gilgamesh Allen Elia Seudin Dissertation Master in English and American Studies Area of Specialty: Literature 2016-2017 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Underlying Motifs in the Hero’s Quest for Immortality in The Epic of Gilgamesh Allen Elia Seudin Dissertation Supervised by: Prof. Nuno Simões Rodrigues/ Prof. Maria Angélica Sousa Oliveira Varandas Cansado Master in English and American Studies 2016-2017 ACKOWLEDGMENT I would like to acknowledge the work of scholars in the field of Assyriology, especially the most prominent Andrew R. George and Jefferey H. Tigay who made an enormous contribution to the study and the development of The Epic of Gilgamesh, and whose insight served as a guide throughout Chapter 1. I am thankful for all the instructions, comments, and support I received from my supervisors, Prof. Nuno Simões Rodrigues and Prof. Maria Angélica Sousa Oliveira Varandas Cansado. I am also grateful for my family, relatives, friends who placed their faith in my potentials and encouraged me in this journey. Resumo Há cinco mil anos, o povo da fértil terra da Mesopotâmia cantava a literatura da sua notável civilização. Um único poema, contudo, permaneceu firme no seu coração e memória ao longo dos próximos milénios. O povo da cidade de Uruk (a Érec bíblica) celebrou a vida do seu poderoso rei Gilgamesh que, dotado de poderes sobrenaturais, embarcou numa longa demanda por glória e imortalidade física durante a qual matou monstros, confrontou deuses e deusas, perdeu o seu amigo mais próximo, buscou o sobrevivente do dilúvio de quem aprendeu segredos e regressou a casa mais maduro onde escreveu a sua história numa estela em pedra.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology This Page Intentionally Left Blank Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology
    Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology THERESA BANE McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Bane, Theresa, ¡969– Encyclopedia of vampire mythology / Theresa Bane. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-4452-6 illustrated case binding : 50# alkaline paper ¡. Vampires—Encyclopedias. I. Title. GR830.V3B34 2010 398.21'003—dc22 2010015576 British Library cataloguing data are available ©2010 Theresa Bane. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover illustration by Joseph Maclise, from his Surgical Anatomy, 1859 Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 6¡¡, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com To my father, Amedeo C. Falcone, Noli nothi permittere te terere. This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Preface 1 Introduction 7 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA 13 Bibliography 155 Index 183 vii This page intentionally left blank Preface I am a vampirologist—a mythologist who specializes in cross- cultural vampire studies. There are many people who claim to be experts on vampire lore and legend who will say that they know all about Vlad Tepes and Count Dracula or that they can name several different types of vampiric species. I can do that, too, but that is not how I came to be a known vam- pirologist. Knowing the “who, what and where” is one thing, but knowing and more impor- tantly understanding the “why” is another.
    [Show full text]
  • História Da Farmácia
    Donde vem a doença? ● Os mitos da queda ● A existência de uma Idade de Ouro Primitiva – Grécia ● Arcádia ● Caixa de pandora – Judaísmo e Cristianismo ● Paraíso ● A queda do paraíso – Ao serem expulsos do Paraíso, Adão e Eva tornam-se mortais e sujeitos à doença. A Arcádia Friedrich August von Kaulbach (1850–1920). In Arcadia ● O poeta grego Hesíodo escreveu, c. 700 a.C.: – Que no início dos tempos existira uma Idade de Ouro, – a Arcádia, onde a vida decorria “sem males, trabalho duro e doenças graves”. – Depois, tudo mudou: ● “milhares de misérias caminham entre os homens, a terra está cheia de males e cheio também se encontra o mar. Por si mesmas, as doenças atingem os homens, algumas de dia e outras de noite, e trazem males aos mortais”. Mito de Pandora ● Caixa de pandora – Ao abrir a caixa (pithos), Pandora libertou os demónios e as doenças. ● John William Waterhouse (1849- 1917). Pandora, 1896 O Paraíso 12 10 8 Coluna 1 6 Coluna 2 Coluna 3 4 2 0 Linha 1 Linha 2 Linha 3 Linha 4 Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 – Lucas Cranach o Velho (1472– 1516), Painel do tríptico O Jardim 1553). O Jardim do Eden (1530). das Delícias (1490 -1510). Museo Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, del Prado, Madrid Dresden. Queda do Paraíso ● Ao serem expulsos do Paraíso, Adão e Eva tornam-se mortais e sujeitos à doença. Adão e Eva Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528).1507 Igreja Abreha e Atsbeha, Étiópia Estudo da medicina pré-histórica ● Paleopatologia Múmia, Egipto ● Povos “primitivos” ● Primeiras sociedades com escrita Hadza, Tanzânia Ferro c. 1.000 a.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria
    5SSS»?S^..--v.-;.- r. ' MMTHS DF ' , E^R.ML^NIA aMc^ /^SSMRIA D !fl| m ' '.•V M-j ". '-•;i>-'-./;VJ-l' LEWIS SPENGE l^/" PRINCETON. N.J. ^ Purchased by the Mary Cheves Dulles Fund. Di'viston "fiLlfcZO MYTHS &? LEGENDS OF BABYLONIA &f ASSYRIA Sacrificing to Bel Fr. Evelyn Paul MYTHS & LEGENDS OF BABYLONIA & ASSYRIA LEWIS SPENCE F.R.A.I. AUTHOR OF " THE MYTHS OF MEXICO AND PERU LIZATION OF ANCIENT MEXICO " " THE POPOL VUH OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS" "the myths " " MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF ANCIENT EGYPT ETC. WITH EIGHT PLATES IN COLOUR BY EVELYN PAUL AND THIRTY-TWO OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS NEW YORK FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PUBLISHERS AT THB BALLANTTNE PliE.^S rrONTED BY SPOTTISVVOODE, KALLANTYNE AI-JP CO. LTD. COLCHESTER, LO^fDON AND ETON, ENaLA^'D PREFACE purpose of this book is to provide not THEonly a popular account of the religion and mythology of ancient Babylonia and Assyria, but to extract and present to the reader the treasures of romance latent in the subject, the peculiar richness of which has been recognized since the early days of archaeological effort in Chaldea. Unfortunately, with few exceptions, writers who have made the field a special study have rarely been able to triumph over the limitations which so often obtrude in works of scholarship and research. It is true that the pages of Rawlinson, Smith, Layard, and Sayce are enlivened at intervals with pictures of Assyrian splendour and Babylonian glory—gleams which escape as the curtains which veil the wondrous past are partially lifted—but such glimpses are only interludes in lengthy disquisitions which too often must be tedious for the general reader.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beyond Heroes Roleplaying Game Book I: the Player's Guide
    1 The Beyond Heroes Roleplaying Game Book XXI: The Book of Pantheons Writing and Design: Marco Ferraro The Book of Pantheons Copyright © 2019 Marco Ferraro. All Rights Reserved This is meant as an amateur free fan production. Absolutely no money is generated from it. Wizards of the Coast, Dungeons & Dragons, and their logos are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast LLC in the United States and other countries. © 2019 Wizards. All Rights Reserved. Beyond Heroes is not affiliated with, endorsed, sponsored, or specifically approved by Wizards of the Coast LLC. Contents Foreword 4 Timeline 4 Earth Pantheons 6 Afghani 7 Afrikana 9 Arabian 16 Armenian 23 Australian Aboriginal 24 Aztec 28 Babylonian 34 Baltic 41 Basque 48 British 49 Burmese 50 Cambodian 53 Canaanite 56 Celtic 58 Chinese 68 Egyptian 76 Eskimo 80 Estonian 82 Etruscan 85 Filipino 93 Finnish 105 Gaulish 108 Greek 111 Hindu 116 Hittite 123 Hungarian 125 2 Hurrian 128 Inca 133 Indonesian 135 Irish 139 Islander 144 Japanese 155 Korean 162 Lusitanian 165 Malaysian 174 Maori 178 Mayan 179 Mesopotamian and Sumerian 186 Mongolian 192 Native American 194 Norse 201 Ossetian 207 Phoenician 208 Pop Culture 212 Primordial 215 Roman 221 Sami 233 Scottish 234 Semitic 236 Slavic 237 Syrian 240 Thai 241 Thracian 244 Tibetan 245 Voodun 256 Welsh 265 DC Comics Entities 269 Marvel Comics Entities 275 Dungeons and Dragons 279 Eternal Champion 297 Middle Earth 299 Palladium Fantasy 301 Pathfinder 302 Warhammer Fantasy 302 The Pantheon Creation Guide 304 Spheres for Gods 317 Mana and Deities 320 Creating Cosmic Beings 325 Characters who Ascend 327 Characters who Ascend II 328 List of Cosmic Powers 331 Organizations 338 3 Foreword while countless points of light flare and The Beyond Heroes Role Playing Game die in the interior.
    [Show full text]
  • The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria 1
    THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA 1 THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA BY THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, LL.D. Get any book for free on: www.Abika.com Get any book for free on: www.Abika.com THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA 2 THE RELIGION OF THE BABYLONIANS AND ASSYRIANS CHAPTER I FOREWORD Position, and Period. The religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians was the polytheistic faith professed by the peoples inhabiting the Tigris and Euphrates valleys from what may be regarded as the dawn of history until the Christian era began, or, at least, until the inhabitants were brought under the influence of Christianity. The chronological period covered may be roughly estimated at about 5000 years. The belief of the people, at the end of that time, being Babylonian heathenism leavened with Judaism, the country was probably ripe for the reception of the new faith. Christianity, however, by no means replaced the earlier polytheism, as is evidenced by the fact, that the worship of Nebo and the gods associated with him continued until the fourth century of the Christian era. By whom followed. It was the faith of two distinct peoples--the Sumero-Akkadians, and the Assyro-Babylonians. In what country it had its beginnings is unknown--it comes before us, even at the earliest period, as a faith already well-developed, and from that fact, as well as from the names of the numerous deities, it is clear that it began with the former race--the Sumero-Akkadians--who spoke a non-Semitic language largely affected by phonetic decay, and in which the grammatical forms had in certain cases become confused to such an extent that those who study it ask themselves whether the people who spoke it were able to understand each other without recourse to devices such as the "tones" to which the Chinese resort.
    [Show full text]
  • “Babilonia Inmortal, Cuna De La Magia Y El Conocimiento. Una Eterna Cultura De Barro” ” Viernes 27 Feb.2015, 16,30-19 H
    “Babilonia inmortal, cuna de la magia y el“ conocimiento.Demonios, vampiros Una eterna y magia cultura mesopotámica de barro” . Dra. Ana Marí” a Vázquez Hoys. ViernesProfesora 27 feb.2015, Titular 16,30-19 Hª Antigua. h. Departamento Hª Antigua. UNED Curso “¿MENTIRAS O VERDADES DE LA HISTORIA: Desaprendiendo la Historia Antigua” Palma 4 dic. 2015, 19-21,30 h. Curso” Mitos, cultos y misterios en el Mediterráneo” Palma de Mallorca 4/5 dic. 2012 1 Demonios, vampiros y magia mesopotámica AgradecimientosSUMARIO. 1.Por qué este nombre 2.Mesopotamia. Dónde, cuándo y cómo. Un país de barro y agua. 2.1.El agua: Eufrates y Tigris.2.2.El adobe. 3.Qué comenzó en Mesopotamia: Mitos y dioses, la magia, LOS DEMONIOS. La ciencia, diversas técnicas. 4.Los encantamientos 5.DEFINICIONES: Genio-demonio 6.Lucha de dioses y demonios. Igigi contra Anunnaki 7.Clases de demonios 8.Los demonios mayores: Pazuzu, Lamashtu, Lilith 9.La Placa del Infierno 10.Exorcismo 11.Medusa-Vulcano-Bes 12.Exorcismos: Queruba / kerubim/ Belzebú. 13.Lilith hebrea. 14.El Dualismo Zoroástrico: Bien y Mal 15. Satanás es arameo y Lucifer persa. 16.Conclusiones. 17.Bibliografía. 2 Demonios, vampiros y magia mesopotámica 1.Por qué este nombre :Genios y demonios en Mesopotamia LA PRIMERA DESCRIPCIÓN CONOCIDA DEL INFIERNO: III MILENIO a.C.Sumer. “La casa que no abandona quien entró en ella. Por el camino que no tiene regreso. Donde el polvo es su alimento y la arcilla su sustento; donde no ven la luz y viven en la oscuridad; donde visten plumas, como los pájaros; Donde el polvo y el silencio lo cubren todo”” Descripción del “Más Allá”· Pasaje de la “Epopeya de Gilgamesh”.
    [Show full text]
  • Semitic Magic
    SEMITIC MAGIC ITS ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT. BY R. CAMPBELL THOMPSON, M.A. (Cantab.). London : LUZAC & CO. 1908. Cfrt&M*. hie IZafa J-ee'd buhl h '?37 PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND S0N8, LTD. HERTFORD. TO MY UNCLE FREDERIC THOMPSON, WHOSE COUNSELS ON THE HILLSIDE, BY THE LOCHSIDE, AND ON THE BROAD WATERS, HAVE OFTTIMES SERVED ME. PREFACE. The theories put forward or maintained in this book are based on a study of that intricate demonology which has gradually developed throughout the lands of Western Asia. The earliest written records of this magic are found in the cuneiform incantation tablets from Assyria ; and, aided by the various stepping- stones afforded by Rabbinic tradition, Syriac monkish writings, and Arabic tales, we can trace its growth and decadence through three thousand years down to its survival in modern Oriental superstition. Further more, the parallels afforded by Aryan and Hamitic nations show how close the grooves are in which savage ideas run, and that the principles of magic are, broadly speaking, coincident in each separate nation, and yet, as far as we know, of independent invention. All these superstitions combine to throw light on many of the peculiar customs of the Old Testament, and help to explain the hidden reason why these customs existed. From a study of the characteristics of the evil spirits, which the Semite believed to exist everywhere, certain deductions can be made which bear intimately on our knowledge of the origins of certain tabus and the principle of atonement. These may be briefly stated thus : — xii PREFACE. (1) All evil spirits could inflict bodily hurt on man.
    [Show full text]