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JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS 01' THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. VOL. LX. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS 011 C!tgt iictoria ~nsfitutct OR, Jgifosopb,irnl ~otietu of ~rrnt ~ritain. VOL. LX. LONDON: (l9ublis\)cl! bl! tl)c ihtstitutc, 1, l!tcntral lSutltrings, fflr•tmi111tcr, j,,OOt',1. A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D, 1928 l.vNDON: RA.ItRISON AND SONS, LTD., .PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO illS MAJESTY, ST. 111.lRTlN'S LA.NE. PREFACE. ---I N a day when literature and criticism are found to sm;tain relations I ever more intimate, it is hardly ·surprising that progressive thought should deal with the Sacred Scriptures no less vigorously than with other writings, ancient and modern. As works designated " classical" are not free from examination, which in some cases assumes a form that is manifestly destructive, so also documents which make their appeal to man's deepest nature are subjected to a scrutiny corresponding with that extended to writings whose general aim may be to stir men's passions and excite their prejudices on the lower scale of life. In the sphere of faith one may well object that unfriendly hands should be laid upon concerns which are rightly held to be spiritual ; but seeing that the precious things of truth are broad-based upon facts, and therefore capable of logical demonstration, one may not regret that " the. things most surely believed" are put to the proof equally with other (and more ordinary) things met with in daily life. All the same, one may reasonably claim for spiritual things a treat ment suited to their essential nature; and, moreover, do one's part in safeguarding them against wanton misrepresentation. Just here we recognize the object of the Victoria Institute-in the first place, to investigate, in a reverent spirit, important questions of philosophy and science, especially those bearing upon Holy Scripture. Surveying the contents of the present volume, one must in the first place make mention of the contributions made to the Transac tions of the Victoria Institute by Dr. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S., it11 honoured President. This exponent of science has once more shown himself to be an adept in the discrimination of philosophical theories, and a reliable leader in thought as it tends to confirm the Christian faith. His paper on "Number in Nature and in the Biblical Litera ture, indicating a Common Origin in a Supreme Intelligence," was Vl PREFACE. welcomed as an utterance calculated to stabilize many a wavering mind, while his Annual Address, delivered at the close of the Session, on "Relativity and Reality," was acknowledged to be a masterly exposition of a profound subject. For the most part, the lectures of the session had a bearing, more or less direct, upon the Holy Scriptures. The Gunning Prize Essay, "Christ and the Scriptures," by Dr. Parke P. Flournoy, stands out in this connection; and the same may be said of other papers " The l.VIiraculous in Holy Scripture," by Rev. A. H. Finn ; " Science in the Book of Ecclesiastes," by Mr. Avary H. Forbes; and" Sen nacherib's Invasion of Judah," by Rev. Charles Boutflower. Another essay of definite value was" The New Testament Era in the Sequence of Prophecy," by Dr. W. Bell Dawson. In another class may be placed-" The Influence of the Myth ology and Heathen Practices of the Canaanites upon the Hebrews," by Dr. T. G. Pinches ; " The Doctrine of Forgiveness through the Cross of Christ," by Canon B. K. Cunningham; and" Protestantism and Rationalism in France," by Dr. R. Saillens. The first of these lectures bears witness to long years of labour on the part of a dis tinguished Assyriologist; the second is by an author belonging to a school not often heard before the Institute, and therefore subjected to criticism at once prompt and candid; the third registers the impressions of an Evangelical stalwart, who is at once a loyal Pro testant and a patriotic son of la belle France. Speaking generally, the papers were subjected to discussion with truly helpful results. In some instances, beyond all question, the criticism presented by members gave unity and completion to the utterances of scholars whom it was a privilege to welcome as lec turers before the Institute. JAMES W. THIRTLE, Chairman of Council. CONTENTS. -- PAGE PREFACE V REPORT OF COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1927 1 CASH STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR 1927 ... 7 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD ON MONDAY, MARCH 19TH, 1928... 10 NUMBER IN NATURE AND IN THE BIBLICAL LITERATURE INDICATING A COMMON ORIGIN IN A SUPREME INTELLIGENCE. BY DR. ,J. A. FLEMING, M.A., .F.R.S. (President)... 11 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Dr. J. W. Thirtle, M.R.A.S., Lieut.-Colonel A. H. C. Kenney-Herbert, Mr. W. E. Leslie, Mr. Percy 0. Ruoff, Mr. R. Duncan, M.B.E., I.S.O., Mr. C. F. Hogg, Dr. A. T. Schofield, Mr. Martin H. F. Sutton, J.P., Lieut.-Colonel G. Mackinlay and Mr. R. McCormack 31 CHRTST AND THE SCRIPTURES: WHAT MAY WE GATHER FROM HIS ATTITUDE AND INSTRUCTION? BY THE REV. PARKE P. FLOURNOY, D.D., LITT.D. Being the Gunning Prize Essay . .. 45 Discussion.-Remarks by Mr. Avary H. Forbes, M.A., Lieut. Colonel F. A. Molony, O.B.E., Mr. W. Hoste, Mr. Percy 0. Ruoff, Dr. A. T. Schofield, and Dr. James W. Thirtle, M.R.A.S. 70 THE NEW TESTAMENT ERA IN THE SEQUENCE OF PROPHECY. BY W. BELL DAWSON, EsQ., M.A., D.Sc., M.Inst.C.E. 77 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Lieut.-Colonel F. A. Molony, O.B.E., the Rev. E. P. Cachemaille, Mr. W. E. Leslie, Mr. W. Hoste, Dr. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S., and Lieut.-Colonel G. Mackinlay 91 THE MIRACULOUS IN HOLY SCRIPTURE. BY THE REV. A. H. FINN ... 99 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, the Rev. Canon Marmaduke Witshington, M.A., Mr. W. Hoste, Mr. Avary H. Forbes, M.A., Mr. Sidney Collett, Mr. L. Biddulph, and Mr. F. C. Wood ... Ill THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEATHENISM OF THE CANAANITES UPON THE HEBREWS. BY PROFESSOR THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, LL.D., M.R.A.S. 122 Di8cussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Mr. Avary H. Forbes, M.A., the Rev. J. J.B. Coles, M.A., Sir Charles Marston, J.P., Lieut.-Colonel T. C. Skinner, Mr. Percy 0. Ruoff, and Mr. W. Hoste 143 viii CONTENTS OF VOL. LX. PAGE THE DOCTRINE OF FORGIVENESS THROUGH THE CROSS OF CHRIST, BY THE REV. CANON B. K. CUNNINGHAM, O.B.E., M.A.... 148 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Mr. Robert Cald well, F.R.G.S., Mr. W. E. Leslie, Mr. Sidney Collett, the Rev. J. J. B. Coles, M.A., Lieut.-Colonel F. A. Molony, O.B.E., Mr. Percy 0. Ruoff, Mr. W. Hoste, Mr. F. C. Wood, and Major L. M. Davies, R.A., F.G.S ... 159 8CIENCE IN THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES. BY MR. AVARY H. FORBES, M.A. .. .. 17 5 Discussion.-Remarks by the Rev. J. J. B. Coles, M.A., Mr. W. E. Leslie, Mr. Percy 0. Ruoff, Mr. D. Ramsay Smith, and Lieut.-Colonel T. C. Skinner... 188 SENNACHERIB'S INVASION OF JUDAH, 701 B.C, BY THE REV. CHARLES BOUTFLOWER, M.A. .. .. 194 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Dr. James Vi'. Thirtle, M.R.A.S., Mr. K. Duncan, M.B.E., I.S.O., Mr. Sidney Collett, the Rev. A. H. Finn, and Mr. W. R. Rowlatt Jones ... 214 PROTESTANTISM AND RATIONALISM IN FRANCE. BY p ASTOR R. SAILLENS, D.D. ... 221 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Mr. William C. Edwards, Mr. W. Hoste, the Rev. Dr. H. C. Morton, and Mr. Avary H. Forbes... ... 237 RELATIVITY AND REALITY. BY DR. J. A. FLEMING, F.R.S. (President). Being the Annual Address 244 LIST OF MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES, ETC. 266 OBJECTS, CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS ... 297 VICTORIA INSTI'fUTE. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1927. READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, MARCH 19TH, 1928. 1. Progress of the Institute, The Council beg once more to present their Annual Report to Members and Associates. It is the fifty-ninth since the commence ment of the Society, so that the year we have now commenced is our Diamond Jubilee of the Victoria Institute. The Session began with a paper of unusual interest by Professor J. A. Fleming, F.R.S., on" Evolution and Revelation," in which the lecturer emphasized the difference between the wonderful applications of science at the present and the theories of science, which do not always rest on a basis of ascertained £acts, but which borrow a fictitious authority from the undoubted advantages of the former. Such a paper is greatly needed and cannot but have a salutary effect on many in the times in which we live. Amongst the many excellent papers which followed it may be permissible to name those by Squadron-Leader Wiseman, R.A.F., on "Ancient Babylon," of Rev. A. H. Finn on " The Predictive Element in Holy Scripture," and Dr. Kyle's on "The Site of the Cities of the Plain." 2. Meetings. Twelve ordinary Meetings were held during the Session 1926-27. The papers published were :- " Evolution and Revelation," by Professor J. A. FLEMING, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Dr. James W. Thirtle, 1\1.R.A.S., in the Chair. B 2 ANNUAL REPORT. " Man and his God : The Origin of Religion among Primitive Peoples," by Captain T. W. E. HIGGENS. Lieut.-Colonel F. A. Molony, O.B.E., in the Chair.