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O sl fti b to I Ili th Nrt We the pio I0a to the ~ fthe 7 &1,tat laity tt pnitY: IARE RESOLUTION The Constitution of the Zimbabwe African National Union approved at'the people's inaugural congress held at Gwelo on May 21-23,1964 states that one of the central objectives of the party is "to promote national consciousness and the unity of all the people"- In persuance of that policy in June 1964 a ZANU delegation led by the Secretary-General, , told the O.A.U. Reconciliation Committee in Lusaka that the Party stood firmly for the unity of the peo people of Zimbabwe and that it was willing to discuss with the rival ZAPU ways of reconciling our differences. This has remained the policy of the Party. It has been reflected in memoranda to the O.A.U., policy statements and directives to party organs and members. In keeping with this policy, , National Chairman, made a clarion call for the unity of the Zimbabwe people in his Africa Day Speech in May,1970. That policy means first and foremost unity of the five million Zimbabwe people in a common struggle against a common enemy; secondly, unity behind a dedicated leadership and, thirdly, unity for the common purpose of liberating our country. ZANU is determined to strive for and achieve unity that meets these requirements. The main obstacle to unity between ZANU and ZAPU since 1964 Was the refusal of the ZAPU leadership to consider or even discuss the subject with us. However, early this year they ichanged their minds and approached ZANU. Herbert Chitepo had two meetings with the Acting President of ZAPU, James Chikerema, to determine whether or not a basis for the creation of a united movement exists. The two leaders explored all the issues that divide our movements and made substantial progress, (Continued on next page) XBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Pagc. rhey agreed without any reservations that the unity of their two revolutionary movements was absolutely necessary now as well as in the future in order to involve and mobilise all the people of Zimbabwe in a common struggle. The two leaders 3lan to cohtinue and conclude these negotiations and to involve their colleagues. Another obstacle that has emerged ind that has hampered progress towards unity is the division iithin the ranks of ZAPU. ZANU has expressed its strong lesire to unite will all elements in ZAPU, thereby uniting tll the people of Zimbabwe. rhile the negotiations about uniting the external sections ZANU and ZAPU were in progress, it was reported in the .ss early this month that our President and leader, Ndabagi Sithele, and the leader and President of ZAPU, Joshua mo, had communicated and agreed to unite the two movements o one Party under the leadership of Robert Mugabe. We are eavouring to get an authentic statement from Sithole in I or Mugabe in detention which will be communicated to all ty organs and members. You will appreciate the difficulty communicating with our leaders in jail or detention.However the press reports are accurate this development is compley in keeping with the policy of the party as laid down by leaders from time to time, and fits neatly into the pattern direction of our own thinking in Lusaka. We deplore the mature publicity given to any developments planned by our ders inside Zimbabwe. The conflicting statements emanating I ZAPU leaders in Lusaka have highlighted the division withthat party. We are told that they are seeking clarification some direction from Nkomo on this issue. (Continued on page 5) 3ABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Page A

4. ZANU will continue to discuss unity with ZAPU and to search vigorously for the unity of the people of Zimbabwe with sincerk1 ty and seriousness of purpose. The commitment of the leaders anc followers of ZANU to this policy is of long standing and is base d on as thorough and objective an analysis as possible of the s situation facing our movement and the national interests of our people. It is our firm belief and knowledge that the five million people of Zimbabwe would welcome a successful effort to unit our fighting forces now, and to ensure the emergence of a united nation in future. 5. In the meartime all ZANU organs - branches, districts, provinces the military and administration - must continue to function norm, ally and to grow from strength to strength under the banner of their party, ZANU. The directives sent to all party organs last July stressed that party members and activists should continue with the task of recruiting new members, forming new branches an, explaining the policy of the party. The question of unity should be left to the headquarters alone. DARE RE CHIMURENGA(SUPREME COUNCIL), LUSAKA, DECEMBER 21,1970. support from kk President Kaunda yesterday said the government supported any move for unity between the liberation movements of Rhodesia, ZAPU and ZAL\ "d wished similar unity could be brought about in Angola and Mazamt iue. "We welcome those striving for unity because colonialists do not ant unity in liberation movements because they work through seing Oeople divided", President Kaunda said. ( Daily Mail,Dec.14,lc, IMBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Page 5.

Dar statement In view of the conflicting reports within ZAPU regardunity moves initiated in Salisbury by our leaders, the resentative office of the people of Zimbabwe in East ica(ZANU) wishes to make it clear that, not only do we firm the reports on Unity talks by our leaders, but are ilant over the long awaited decision by the two patriot sons(Sithole and Nkomo) of Zimbabwe. The continued- disunity among us was a thorn in the fleof Zimbabweans and of Africa as a whole. It slowed and kened our revolutionary armed struggle. It is only the son(s) who had plotted to perpetuate the split for peral gain who will be hurt by unity. Africa and the progressive world will surely join us in ing our unity a reality and thereafter join us in our ilation for victory; for UNITY is POWER and power begets TORY. A.H. MOMBESHORA (Chief Representative) Signed: Z.M. GAMANYA (Chief Information Officer.) es Sd.aam, December -13, :970. In Lusaka Herbert Chitepo, ZANU National Chairman issued following statement: "ZANU is pleased about the Unity ort from Salisbury. Preliminary inquirieg suggest that re are grounds for believing the report to be true, but await more details". ember l0th,1970. BABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970 Page 6. enemy brags THE RHODESIAN FASCISTS CELEBRATED UDI LAST NOVEMBER 11 WITH A MASSIVE SHOW OF MILITARY "STRENGTH". THE DISPLAY WAS APPARET. LY AIMED AT INTIMIDATING THE AFRICAN POPULATION WHOSE OWN REVOLUTIONARY STRENGTH CANNOT BE FULLY MOBILISED UNLESS AND UNTIL THE PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE ARE UNITED. AND AS LONG AS WE ALLOW SOME OF OUR LEADERS IN LUSAKA TO CONTINUE HOLDING THE ZIMBABWE PEOPLE AT RANSOM OVER THE CRUCIAL ISSUE OF UNITY, THE ENEMY WILL CONSOLIDATE HIS FASCIST STRENGTH THERE WILL BE MORE U.D.I. CELEBRATIONS IN SALISBURY AND ONLY PROPAGANDA STUNTS FROM THE SAFE DISTANCE OF LUSAKA. ZIMBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER,1970 Page 7

COMMENTd own w ith 'Thoqe who stand in the way of Unity will be condemned by uture generations (of Zimbabweans) as the betrayers of the evolution of the peasants and workers" - Herbert Chitepo, 'frica Day Speech, May 29, 1970. t PLEASE TURN OVER : Fiercely patriotic, le and of ZAPU refuse to perpetuate split. Next April 28 marks the Fifth Anniversary of the launching )f armed struggle in Zimbabwe. It is a struggle in which many Of Zimbabwe's finest young men, members of both ZANU and ZAPU iave defied all hardships, daring to struggle and win victory fhe heroes of this struggle have come from the ranks of the 'road masses of Zimbabweans - James Dhlamini, Victor Mlambo Page 8. DECEMBER, 1970. 7,IMBABWE NEWS, livision ists i a and thousands of others whose names we may never know until our country is liberated and the heroism and gallantry of Zimbabwe's working class and peasantry are fully documented. But, as with any revolutionary armed struggle, the success of ours depends on a number of internal factors, the most crucial of which is the Unity of the masses. The Zimbabwe people has been hopelessly divided ever since the split of 1963. 'That split may have been justified at that time, but now that both ZANU and ZAPU have embraced armed struggle as the only road to liberation, there remains absolutely no intelligible reason for maintaining the futile division. The enemy, who is himself united, has been the sole beneficiary of our disunity and there is no reason why he should not continue to use all the means at his command - including the activities of certain divisive elements within us - to perpetuate the ZANU-ZAPU divi sion. For, unlike some of our so- .called leaders to whom history seems to teach nothing, the enemy is fully appreciative of Ue only major reason for his victory over our forefathers in the 1893-96 wars of colonial resistance. He knows he could not be loading oppression on us today were it not for the folly of our ancestors who, in the face of an external aggression backed by Superior organ isation and modern arms, remained disunited. Having learned his history lesson well, the enemy today spends sleepless nights plotting ways and means of keeping ZANU and ZAPU at loggerheads. Through the printed word, radio and eVen the village classroom, he endeavours to prevent the people from developing a national, as opposed to a tribal, consciousness. In these divisive machinations the enemy seems to enjoy SUpport in very unexpected quartersq.within the liberation Movements themselves, there are cliques of cool professional tricksters who, because they personally thrive &n the ZANU-ZAPU ZIMBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Page 9. plit, have not hesitated to denounce as "treacherous" any fort aimed at reconciling our pointless differences. For instance, a dissident clique of well known opportists within ZAPU (Lusaka) began issuing vulgar statements the press as soon as they got to know that the ZAPU Actg President, James Chikerema, was having discussions on ity with ZANU National Chairman, Herbert Chitepo. At first, the verbose Silundika came up with the strange velation that a ZANU-ZAPU JUited Front would not be in eping with "1socilogical conditions" in Zimbabwe. Yet this ntleman never lectured on "sociology"' when, In 1967, ZAPU rmed zuxaxktkxx a short-lived "alliance" with the South rican A.N.C. for the purpose of fighting in'Zimbabwe. On e contrary, we were warned, through statements by Silundi that any one who opposed the "alliance" for whatever ason wa a reactionary, because the people of Zimbabwe and uth Africa shared a common struggle against a common enemy QUESTION: If it was in order for ZAPU to team up with a reign organisation in order to fight a common enemy, what, . Silundika, do you find "sociologically" unusual about o movements from the same country uniting in a common ruggle against a common enemy? When, on December 9, the press reported that Ndabaningi thole and Joshua Nkomo had reached an agreement to end the yen-year old split between our two movements, Silundika ain issued a statement in which he unbelievably accused the glo-Rhodesian Intelligence networks of conspiring to unite' e masses of the people of Zimbabwe. Said he, "We have good ason to believe that the report is a concoction of Rhodesn and British intelligence thriving on well known opportusts who hold that the struggle can be won by mushrooming MBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Page 10. political parties annually, hoping that they would meet the !constitutional chicanery of the British". The suggestion that uniting ZANU and ZAPU amounts to a "mushrooming" of parties is too absurd to deserve our reply. But since (comrade?) Silundika seems to have a weakness for confusing people at~the most critical stages of our struggle, let us remind him, for the record, that we resent being lectured to by, 'of all people, the one man who knows nothing about the "constitutional chicanery of the British". For was it not this same "evolutionary militant" who in 1961 denounced his own leader for denouncing the notorious SandysQWhitehead Constitution for Southern Rhodesia? Here, in the words of the then British Secretary for Commonwealth Relations, Duncan Sandys, is what happened: " When I saw his statement (Nkomo's) a few days after the Conference, that suggested some doubts As to whether Mr. Nkomo was accepting the report of the Conference, I asked our British High Commissioner to find out what the position was. He received the following letter from Mr. Silundika-, Secretary-General of the Natiohal Democratic Party: "'Dear High Commissioner, In view of the false impression which seems to have been created in the United Kingdom press by Mr. Nkomo's statement today I should be grateful if you would inform Mr. Duncan Sandys, as Shairman of the Constitutional Conference, that he may issue the attached statement to the press on behalf of the N.D.P. Yours sincerely, T.G. Silundika". !ZIMBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Pagt

(The "false impression" which Silundika accuses Nkomo's statement of creating was to the effect that the N.D.P. - forerunner to both ZAPU and ZANU - would have nothing to do with the Sandys Constitution, which gave 15 seats to 4 million Africans and 50 seats to 225,000 whites.) What follows is part of the "correction" Silundika authorised Sandys to issue to the press: "For the avoidance of misunderstanding the Nation al Democratic Party wishes to make it clear that the statement that was made by the President, Mr. Nkomog at his press conference today does not imply any repudiation of the report of the Constitutional Conference.." Silundika wrote both the letter and press statement with aut any authorisation from either Nkomo or the N.D.P. executive Committee. It is in view of this long record 3f double-dealing by Silundika that we must ask: Comrade, JHOSE SIDE ARE YOU REALLY ON? Given the gravity of the situation obtaining in our and Nkomo 'ountry today any one who really knows Sithole woula never Lssume - as do some people whose dedication and patriotism have been eroded by the sweetness of life in exile 'hat either man would idly watch the country go to the dogs .n the interests of preserving the names of ZANU and ZAPU. t is disgusting, therefore, that instead of the two lead'rs getting praise for showing great revolutionary statestanship and patriotism tie~r call for unity should be eceived with surprise and subtle contempt by some "revoutionary" quarters in the safety and comfort of Lusaka. We know there are "militants" in Lusaka who are conc-. rned about nothing but the preservation of titles, which hey hope will one day lead them to ministeral posts in alisbury. Some have been bold enough to stage an open kxMiUta revolt against unity; others, more subtle and IMBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER, 1970. Page 12. cuining, talk unity only as a diplomatic stunt and are doing everything possible to prevent it from becoming a living reality.]|hat they are saying in effect is: "We want unity but we do not want it"- And all this cunning verbiage in the name of the "struggle" " The course for all true revolutionaries and patriots is clear. WE MUST HAVE UNITY NOW! The masses of the Zimbabwe people want it. And they are the ones, after all, in whose name our struggle is supposedly being waged. The free African States, some of whom have sacrificed so much in support of our struggle, want unity, too. Only the enemy and those misguiL individuals among us do not want Unity, because they fear . would our struggle ecome more effective as the masses join in a common and united effort against a common oppressor. ROBERT G. MUGABE. Another fierce patriot and dedicated fighterRADIO TANZANIA BROADCASTS to SOUTHERN AFRICA: 15435 Kilihertz, 8-9 p.m. Central African Time, Daily. ZIMBABWE NEWS, DECEMBER,1970 Page 13 nityo PINONS FROM HOME / By Times of Zambia Correspondent e Rhodesian regime is showing signs of uneasiness at ews that the country's African nationalist parties, and Zapu, both inside and outside, are working towardsng their seven-year old split. s first Imove has been to arrest and detain Dtdymus a, cahirman of the Cold Comfort Farm Society, who has known for many years openly to condemn the quarrel en Zanu and Zapu as "playing right into the hands of nemy"- 4r. Mutasa is now in Sinoia prison some 80 miles of Sallisbury. e detention order, signed by Smith's so-called minister stice, Law and Order, Desmond Lardner-Burke, said that utasa was believed to be "likely to commit or incite the ssion of acts in Rhodesia which would endanger public wever, it is now known that Mr. Mutasa was leader of a in Salisbury that is planning the formation of a nationorganisation, the African People's Associationlaimed at ng the differences between supporters of Zanu and Zapuo ans to launch the association are proceeding. The idea e association, the organisers say, is an outward demonstn that people inside Rhodesia are united in their struggl inst the enemy. It has the support of the black student ation at the University of Rhodesia. e students, who have constantly demonstrated against the regime since UDI in 1965, and more recently against the lican constitution, have refused to be identified with r Zapu or Zanu. id student leader John Chitsaka:" You could find one or tudents who for tribal reasons still want to perpetuate DECEMBER, LOi, 1E NEWS, Page 14. the old division, but the majority of us long forgot about it. It is more important to overthrow Smith than to quarrel among ourselves". Student at the University have refused to join the small National People's Party(NPU) on the grounds that it would conf. Of use the masses, and in any case that it was formed wiphout con; ultation with the political leadership both in detention or restriction and outside the country. It looks as if NPU will d a natural death. The former party president, university lectur Gordon Chavunduka, resigned "for health reasons". Butlobserver say he realised he was wasting his time. i7 The most encouraging element in the current discussions on unity between Zanu and Zapu is to be found among former detain I, and restrictees_ belonging to both parties."'i According to Lardner-Burke there are at present 143 Zanu an Zapu leaders in detention and restriction. But the regime is f releasing them in batches of up to 10. Reliable sources say t1 of the 24 now at Gonakudzingwa with Zapu president Jushua Nkov five are to be released shortly. The sources connected with r( work among the families of detainees and restrictees,Jsay thai there are 18 Zanu leaders in Salisbury centraliprison3 where t] Rev. Ndabaningi Sithole is serving a siz-year jail sentence ii last year for allegedly plotting to assassinate Smith)and two his senior henchmen. At present a consultation exercise is going on between for, Zapu and Zanu detainees and restrictees to determine ihe best of achieving unity from inside. Although everything i* kept u strict secrecy, a Zapu executive just back from restriction t me:" I can speak for my friends at Gwelo and Gonakudzingwa. W discussed this matter of reconciliation at great length and v agreed that the most damaging thing in the political istory our country was the split". V A Zanu executive member, also just out of restriction, sal ZIMB NS . - EMBER, 1970. Page 15

ZIMBABWE NEWS DEC 1970 16. "The masses of the people are united against the forces of oke ression. But we have some amomg the leaders who want to cling to positions at the expense of the liberation struggle. Some are at present outside the country. But I believe that if the people inside the country are united there is nothing anyone else can do". Black leaders within the country now see the split in the Rhodesian liberation movement as existing only outside. There have been reports from overseas suggesting that black Rhodesian students are still regarding themselves as either Zanu or Zapu. This can -only be seen as helping the Smith regime. In fact there have been rumours that the regime may have been its agents-to keep the blacks in Rhodesia divided. One way of doing that is to preach the tribal doctrine that the Shonas should not allow themselves to be dominated by the Ndebele, and vice versa. Black church leaders have denounced the split from their pulpits, and the recent united stand by the Christian Council of Rhodesia in support of WCC aid to Zanu and Zapu is intended to show unity mong the Africans in the country. ( Most white church leaders and laymen denounced this decision by the predominantly bla- EE ck CCR as &"support for violence and murder". -Editor). The question of who should lead a united liberation movement in Rhodesia is constantly discussed. The majority of the people do not really care about who leads kkmu the country. All they want to seqm, is a United Front.4 However, the articulate are suggesting the bringing in of someone o of sufficient political stature to lead a united liberation movement until the country is free, then the old leadership can come in Some have luggeuted that 2m politIcal scientist Dr. Bernard Chidzero be recalled to lead a united liberation struggle. The reasons put forward for this thinking are that he has not been sufficiently involved in the Zanu-Zapu power struggle to cause resentment among the more ardent separatists. In the country itself tpe climatp is ripe for a revolution. What's lacking is nation- wide -.ea ership. (Times of Zambia,'Dec5,l9701