Counter-Insurgency in Rhodesia
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Assessment of the Zimbabwe Assistance Program in Malaria April 2020
Assessment of the Zimbabwe Assistance Program in Malaria April 2020 Assessment of the Zimbabwe Assistance Program in Malaria April 2020 This publication was produced with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of the Data for Impact Data for Impact (D4I) associate award University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 7200AA18LA00008, which is implemented by 123 West Franklin Street, Suite 330 the Carolina Population Center at the Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in Phone: 919-445-9350 | Fax: 919-445-9353 [email protected] partnership with Palladium International, LLC; http://www.data4impactproject.org ICF Macro, Inc.; John Snow, Inc.; and Tulane University. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. TRE-20-29 D4I ISBN 978-1-64232 -258 -3 Assessment of the Zimbabwe Assistance Program in Malaria 2 Acknowledgments This assessment was undertaken by Data for Impact (D4I), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), in collaboration with the Zimbabwe National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) and the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI)/Zimbabwe. The following people were involved in the assessment: Agneta Mbithi, Yazoumé Yé, Andrew Andrada, Cristina de la Torre, Logan Stuck, Joshua Yukich, Erin Luben, and Jessica Fehringer (D4I); and Brian Maguranyanga and Jaqueline Kabongo (M-Consulting Group). The assessment team thanks the people who generously shared their time, experiences, and ideas for the assessment, including the NMCP, led by its director, Dr. Joseph Mberikunashe; the provincial, district, and facility teams; the Zimbabwe Assistance Program in Malaria team; malaria implementing partners (IPs); and the outpatient and antenatal care patients at the health facilities visited. -
From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe.Pdf
THE S.A. ' "!T1!TE OF INTERNATIONAL AFi -! NOT "(C :.-_ .^ FROM RHODESIA TO ZIMBABWE Ah Analysis of the 1980 Elections and an Assessment of the Prospects Martyn Gregory OCCASIONAL. PAPER GELEEIMTHEIOSPUBUKASIE DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE INSTITUUT MN INTERNASIONALE AANGELEENTHEDE THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Martyn Gregory* the author of this report, is a postgraduate research student,at Leicester University in Britain, working on # : thesis, entitled "International Politics of the Conflict in Rhodesia". He recently spent two months in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, : during the pre- and post-election period, as a Research Associate at the University of Rhodesia (now the University of Zimbabwe). He travelled widely throughout the country and interviewed many politicians, officials and military personnel. He also spent two weeks with the South African Institute of International Affairs at Smuts House in Johannesburg. The author would like to thank both, the University of Zimbabwe and the Institute for assistance in the preparation of this report, as well as the British Social Science Research Council which financed his visit to Rhodesia* The Institute wishes to express its appreciation to Martyn Gregory for his co-operation and his willingness to prepare this detailed report on the Zimbabwe elections and their implications for publication by the Institute. It should be noted that any opinions expressed in this report are the responsibility of the author and not of the Institute. FROM RHODESIA TO ZIMBABWE: an analysis of the 1980 elections and an assessment of the prospects Martyn Gregory Contents Introduction .'. Page 1 Paving the way to Lancaster House .... 1 The Ceasefire Arrangement 3 Organization of the Elections (i) Election Machinery 5 (i i) Voting Systems 6 The White Election 6 The Black Election (i) Contesting Parties 7 (ii) Manifestos and the Issues . -
The Role of the Patriotic Front in the Independence of Zimbabwe, 1976
Z THE ROLE OF THE PATRIOTIC FRONT IN THE INDEPENDENCE OF ZIMBABWE 1976-1980 by NTHATHEDZENI NICHOLAS DANGALE Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER ARTIUM in HISTORY in the FACULTY OF ARTS at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY JOHANNESBURG PROMOTER: 1996 PROFESSOR H J VAN ASWEGEN DEDICATION Dedicated to my mother, who spent every cent she had to put me through school. May God bless you. _____,,..-----D- .0G--6=■. ii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to my wife, Asnath Maano, and my two children, Urangani and Ipfi, who gave me unqualified support throughout my years of study; to Prof H J van Aswegen, who tirelessly made this mini-dissertation a success and to my friend Dr Deon Gouws, who always encouraged me to work hard. OPSOMMING (SUMMARY) Hierdie mini-verhandeling beskryf die rol van die Patriotiese Front in die bevryding van Zimbabwe tussen 1976 en 1980. Die presidente van die frontlinie-state het 'n beroep gedoen op die twee Zimbabwiese nasionalisteleiers, Joshua Nkomo van ZAPU en Robert Mugabe van ZANU, om 'n alliansie te vorm sodat hulle met 'n verenigde front die regime van Ian Smith kon pak. Hierdie alliansie het op 9 Oktober 1976 tot stand gekom, met die seen van die presidente van die frontlinie-state. Die alliansie het ekonomiese, militere en politieke steun geniet van die internasionale gemeenskap, die OAE en die frontlinie-state, en is beskou as die enigste mondstuk van die verdrukte massas Afrikane in Zimbabwe. Die leiers van die PF het, nieteenstaande verskille in ideologie, dieselfde oogmerke nagestreef. Hulle wou albei Zimbabwe bevry van die Ian Smith-regime. -
Dealing with the Crisis in Zimbabwe: the Role of Economics, Diplomacy, and Regionalism
SMALL WARS JOURNAL smallwarsjournal.com Dealing with the Crisis in Zimbabwe: The Role of Economics, Diplomacy, and Regionalism Logan Cox and David A. Anderson Introduction Zimbabwe (formerly known as Rhodesia) shares a history common to most of Africa: years of colonization by a European power, followed by a war for independence and subsequent autocratic rule by a leader in that fight for independence. Zimbabwe is, however, unique in that it was once the most diverse and promising economy on the continent. In spite of its historical potential, today Zimbabwe ranks third worst in the world in “Indicators of Instability” leading the world in Human Flight, Uneven Development, and Economy, while ranking high in each of the remaining eight categories tracked (see figure below)1. Zimbabwe is experiencing a “brain drain” with the emigration of doctors, engineers, and agricultural experts, the professionals that are crucial to revitalizing the Zimbabwean economy2. If this was not enough, 2008 inflation was running at an annual rate of 231 million percent, with 80% of the population lives below the poverty line.3 Figure 1: Source: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4350&page=0 1 Foreign Policy, “The Failed States Index 2008”, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4350&page=0, (accessed August 29, 2008). 2 The Fund for Peace, “Zimbabwe 2007.” The Fund for Peace. http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=280&Itemid=432 (accessed September 30, 2008). 3 BBC News, “Zimbabwean bank issues new notes,” British Broadcasting Company. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7642046.stm (accessed October 3, 2008). -
Undamaged Reputations?
UNDAMAGED REPUTATIONS? Implications for the South African criminal justice system of the allegations against and prosecution of Jacob Zuma AUBREY MATSHIQI CSVRCSVR The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION Criminal Justice Programme October 2007 UNDAMAGED REPUTATIONS? Implications for the South African criminal justice system of the allegations against and prosecution of Jacob Zuma AUBREY MATSHIQI CSVRCSVR The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation Supported by Irish Aid ABOUT THE AUTHOR Aubrey Matshiqi is an independent researcher and currently a research associate at the Centre for Policy Studies. Published by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation For information contact: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation 4th Floor, Braamfontein Centre 23 Jorissen Street, Braamfontein PO Box 30778, Braamfontein, 2017 Tel: +27 (11) 403-5650 Fax: +27 (11) 339-6785 http://www.csvr.org.za © 2007 Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. All rights reserved. Design and layout: Lomin Saayman CONTENTS Acknowledgements 4 1. Introduction 5 2. The nature of the conflict in the ANC and the tripartite alliance 6 3. The media as a role-player in the crisis 8 4. The Zuma saga and the criminal justice system 10 4.1 The NPA and Ngcuka’s prima facie evidence statement 10 4.2 The judiciary and the Shaik judgment 11 5. The Constitution and the rule of law 12 6. Transformation of the judiciary 14 7. The appointment of judges 15 8. The right to a fair trial 17 9. Public confidence in the criminal justice system 18 10. -
Growing-Season Rainfall and Scenarios of Future Change in Southeast Africa: Implications for Cultivating Maize
Vol. 40: 147–161, 2009 CLIMATE RESEARCH Published December 10 doi: 10.3354/cr00821 Clim Res Contribution to CR Special 20 ‘Integrating analysis of regional climate change and response options’ OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Growing-season rainfall and scenarios of future change in southeast Africa: implications for cultivating maize Mark Tadross1,*, Pablo Suarez2, Alex Lotsch3, Sepo Hachigonta1, Marshall Mdoka1, Leonard Unganai4, Filipe Lucio5, Donald Kamdonyo6, Maurice Muchinda7 1Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental & Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 2Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, Leeghwaterplein 27, 2521 CV Den Haag, The Netherlands 3Commodity Risk Management Group, Agriculture and Rural Development, World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, USA 4National Meteorological Service of Zimbabwe, PO Box BE150, Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe 5Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, Rua de Mukumbura 164, C. P. 256, Maputo, Mozambique 6National Meteorological Service of Malawi, Llilongwe, Malawi 7National Meteorological Service of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia ABSTRACT: Global climate change is a detectable and attributable global phenomenon, yet its man- ifestation at the regional scale, especially within the rainfall record, can be difficult to identify. This problem is particularly acute over southern Africa, a region characterised by a low density of obser- vations and highly dependent on rural agriculture, where the impact of rainfall changes on maize cul- tivation critically depends on the timing with respect to the crop phenological cycle. To evaluate changes in rainfall affecting maize cropping, daily rainfall observations from 104 stations across Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe were used to detect trends in planting dates, rainfall cessation and duration of the rainfall season, as well as number of dry days, length of dry spells and measures of rainfall intensity during critical periods for growing maize. -
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap Mashonaland Central Karanda Chimandau Guruve MukosaMukosa Guruve Kamusasa Karanda Marymount Matsvitsi Marymount Mary Mount Locations ShinjeShinje Horseshoe Nyamahobobo Ruyamuro RUSHINGA CentenaryDavid Nelson Nyamatikiti Nyamatikiti Province Capital Nyakapupu M a z o w e CENTENARY Mazowe St. Pius MOUNT DARWIN 2 Chipuriro Mount DarwinZRP NyanzouNyanzou Mt Darwin Chidikamwedzi Town 17 GoromonziNyahuku Tsakare GURUVE Jingamvura MAKONDE Kafura Nyamhondoro Place of Local Importance Bepura 40 Kafura Mugarakamwe Mudindo Nyamanyora Chingamuka Bure Katanya Nyamanyora Bare Chihuri Dindi ARDA Sisi Manga Dindi Goora Mission M u s e n g e z i Nyakasoro KondoKondo Zvomanyanga Goora Wa l t o n Chinehasha Madziwa Chitsungo Mine Silverside Donje Madombwe Mutepatepa Nyamaruro C o w l e y Chistungo Chisvo DenderaDendera Nyamapanda Birkdale Chimukoko Nyamapanda Chindunduma 13 Mukodzongi UMFURUDZI SAFARI AREA Madziwa Chiunye KotwaKotwa 16 Chiunye Shinga Health Facility Nyakudya UZUMBA MARAMBA PFUNGWE Shinga Kotwa Nyakudya Bradley Institute Borera Kapotesa Shopo ChakondaTakawira MvurwiMvurwi Makope Raffingora Jester H y d e Maramba Ayrshire Madziwa Raffingora Mvurwi Farm Health Scheme Nyamaropa MUDZI Kasimbwi Masarakufa Boundaries Rusununguko Madziva Mine Madziwa Vanad R u y a Madziwa Masarakufa Shutu Nyamukoho P e m b i Nzvimbo M u f u r u d z i Madziva Teacher's College Vanad Nzvimbo Chidembo SHAMVA Masenda National Boundary Feock MutawatawaMutawatawa Mudzi Rosa Muswewenhede Chakonda Suswe Mutorashanga Madimutsa Chiwarira -
Names, Currency, and Acronyms
PLACE- NAMES, CURRENCY, AND ACRONYMS The convention of historical writing of the country this book is about is to include a list of place- names in the front matter, with Rhodesian names on one side and the Zimbabwean names on the other. I will not do that here. The country I write about had four names between 1960 and 1980; what these were and how they changed are discussed at the start of the first chap- ter. I avoid such lists because of my concerns about a notion of before- and- after in history: a list of place-n ames and their changes suggests a too pat transformation from colony to nation, from bad to good, from minority to majority rule. Such a list also suggests that transitions are instantaneous, that a threshold has been crossed. For the reco rd, however, Rhodesia be- came Southern Rhodesia from mid- December 1979 to April 1980, when it became Zimbabwe. Salisbury, the capital, became Harare only in 1982. More common and never part of any list has been the tendency to use “Rhodesian” to mean white and “Zimbabwean” to mean African. I have tried to avoid this as often as I could throughout this book. With the breakup of the Central African Federation, Rhodesia named its currency the pound (£). Cast out of the sterling zone shortly a fter the Unilateral Declaration of In de pen dence (udi), Rhodesia valued its pound at US$2. In 1970, Rhodesia adopted the dollar as its currency. It was de- signed to be valued at half a British pound and between 1970 and 1980 hovered at about US$1.50. -
A Case Study of the Charges Against Jacob Zuma
• THE MEDIA AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHARGES AGAINST JACOB ZUMA By Lungisile Zamahlongwa Khuluse Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements of the Master of Arts: Social Policy, University of Kwazulu Natal: Durban. February 2011 DECLARATION Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA S_o(:ialPolic;:y, in the Graduate Programme in SQ_ (:iaLPQli~y, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. I declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work. All citations, references and borrowed ideas have been duly acknowledged. I confirm that an external editor was not used. This dissertation is being submitted for the degree of MA_S_odaLpQIic;:y in the Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. None of the present work has been submitted previously for any degree or examination in any other University. Lungisile Zamahlongwa Khuluse Student name 29 February 2011 Date prof. p. M. Zulu Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly I would like to thank the Lord Almighty for giving me strength and resources to complete this dissertation. I am indebted to my parents, Jabulisile Divi Khuluse and Sazi Abednigo Khuluse for their support, love, patience and understanding; I thank them for inspiring me to be the best I can possibly be and for being my pillar of strength. I am grateful to my siblings Lihle, Sfiso and Mpume 'Pho' for all their support. I thank my grandmother Mrs. K. J. Luthuli. Gratitude is also due to my friends Nontobeko Nzama, Sindisiwe Nzama, Nenekazi Jukuda, Zonke Khumalo, Jabulile Thusi, and Hlalo Thusi, for being there for me. -
Midlands State University Faculty of Arts
MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AN EXAMINATION OF TACTICS USED BY ZANLA TO PROMOTE THEIR IDEOLOGY AND AGENDA FOR THE LIBERATION OF ZIMBABWE. A CASE STUDY OF MUZARABANI (1972-1979) By THELMA B BOMANI R144662M Being a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES at Midlands State University JUNE 2018 ZVISHAVANE- ZIMBABWE SUPERVISOR: MR G.T NCUBE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have supervised the student Thelma B Bomani (R144662M)’s dissertation entitled “An examination of tactics used by ZANLA to promote their ideology and agenda for the liberation of Zimbabwe. A case study of Muzarabani (1972-1979)” Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree in History and International Studies offered by Midlands State University. MR. G.T. NCUBE …………………………. SUPERVISOR DATE DR. J. CHAKAWA …………………………. CHAIRPERSON DATE .................................. …………………………… EXTERNAL EXAMINER DATE i DECLARATION I, Thelma B Bomani, hereby declare that this dissertation is my original work which has never been submitted to any university. All sources used in this dissertation which is not mine have been acknowledged to show that it is the work from other scholars in accordance to copy right law. This is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree in History and International Studies offered by the Midlands State University. Thelma B Bomani ………………….. June 2018 ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of individuals who are worthy to be acknowledged in the completion of my degree. -
Government Gazette
ZIMBABWEAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Published by Authority Vol. LXXII, No. 6 4th FEBRUARY,1994 Price $3,00 General Notice 55 of 1994. photo-graphy, plan or chart referred to in section 2 or any portion thereof shall make an aplication, in writing, to the Surveyor- COPYRIGHT ACT [CHAPTER 200} General, who maygrantin writing or refuse permission for such Copyright (Government Maps, Aerial Photographs, Plans and reproduction to be made or vary the conditions laid down Charts) Notice, 1994 hereunderas heseesfit. (2) If permission is granted in terms of subsection (1), the IT is hereby notified for public information, that the following Surveyor-Generalwill notify the applicant that such permission has provisions apply in respect to the reproduction of maps, aerial been granted and reproduction may not be putin hand until such time photographs, plans and charts copyright in which subsists in the as the letter conveying such permission has been received by the Government of Zimbabwe. applicant. Title (3) Permission,if granted in terms of subsection (1), shall be 1.~ This notice maybe cited as the Copyright (Government Maps, subject to such conditions as the Surveyor-General may impose and Aerial Photographs, Plans and Charts) Notice, 1994. these conditions shall be set outin the letter conveying the permis- = sion. Government copyright 2. By virtue of section 49 of the Copyright Act [Chapter 200], ~ (4) Permission will not normally be granted where a reproduc- and the rights assigned to Governmentby the Liquidating Agency tion is to be made for any purpose for which the maps, aerial constituted by the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Dissolu- photographs,plansor charts referred to in section 2 of this notice are tion) Order in Council, 1963, copyright vests in the President in all _ suitable. -
Ussr Rejected Egypt's Invitation
TONGSUN PARK MAY RETURN SEOUL (UPI) -- Milllonaire rlce merchant Tongsun Park, the key flgure in the alleged South Korean influence-buYlng actlvi tles in Washlngton, may change his mlnd and return to the U.S. to fa ce 1n ve s t i ga to rs, 0 f f 1ca 1 .....,V,.,.,0'"'"L.,."UM=E...-.-14.------'I'i'I'KW'MIA""I'JATiL"'E"F'iI Nr.-l\'A~T01'iT[T[-, "'1:M iiiAii"iRSOLHilI"AnL[---rI C'iSLIiA:iiNncDS~,--Wr.nE:=rDii\iN i:'CE s:iiDrJi'AYv. NOV EMB ER 30, 19 77 NUMBER 231 sources sald today. The sources said Park, who Economic Indica'ors had lived in the United States U.S.S.R. REJECTED for 25 years and considered Are Up In Ocfo'er the country his second home, "felt sorry" that the scandal WASHINGTON (uPI) -- The had stralned relations between government index intended to EGYPT'S INVITATION Seoul and Washlngton. predlct the dlrection of the CAIRO (UPI) -- The Soviet Union rejected Egypt's invitation "Should he change his mlnd American economy rose 0.7 per- for pre-Geneva Middle East peace talks today and Cairo declared and declde to go to the U.S. cent in October for its fourth regret Moscow was "wasting an opportunity" to promote peace and voluntarlly there is no reason straight monthly gain and hlt lmprove stralned Egyptian-Soviet relations. why we should oppose it," the highest level in four President Anwar Sadat said he will go ahead with the Eqyptian the sources sald. years, the Commerce Department peace conference, although other Arab powers planned to boycott Park was lndicted by a U.S.