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Home , Burney Relief, Green Man

FLS News nos. 1-50 INDEX compiled by Derek Froome

Bold numbers = FLS News Issue numbers Bracketed numbers = number of items on the subject in specific issues

Advent Customs 48 (2) Age of Oral Narratives see ORAL NARRATIVES Aids Legend (see also CONTEMPORARY LEGENDS) 27; 29 Alien Big see under BEASTS AT LARGE Amy Johnson Rhyme 5; 23 An Illkept Secret see FOLKTALE TYPES Animal Emergency Care 43 Antlered Goddesses 29 Apotropaic Dolls (Uzbez & Tajik) 44 Blossom in September 50 Arbor Tree (Aston-on-) 23; 36 Archæology of Folk Magic 32 Architect, Wife & Patron see ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, MASONS etcetera Architects, Builders, Masons & Sculptors: Their Perpetrations,Tragedies & Tribulations 32; 34; 35; 36 (3); 37 (3); 38 (4); 39 (6); 40 (under LONKIN'S HALL); 41 (2) (under LONKIN'S HALL & ARCHITECT, WIFE & PATRON); 42 (2) (under MASTERMANOLE & SUICIDAL SCULPTOR); 43 (under LONG LONKIN); 44 (2) (see second entry under LONG LONKIN); 48; 50 Armageddon see MILLENNIUM BELIEFS Atlantis 36 Australian Airforce Legends (under 'BUTCH' HARRIS RAF) 29 Avebury see STONEHENGE Babies: Origin of 28 Babylonian (Burney Relief) see NEAR-EASTERN UNDERWORLD GODDESSES Bacup Coconut Dancers (Lancashire) 47 (see also entries under MAYOR OF OCK STREET) Baddeley Cake 13 Badgers & Groundhogs (Candlemas Day Beliefs) 28 Banana Skin Jokes: Going Bananas 17; 18 Banning & Expelling Rats 48; 49 Baptismal Customs 11; 12 Barking Epidemics (Human) 40 Barrow Folklore (Archæol) 18 Barwick-in-Elmet Maypole 38 (see also MAYPOLES) Bat Phobia: Bats out of Hell 14; 15; 16 Beasts at Large (Beast of Bodmin) 22; 25; 28 (under Press Updates); 50 (under ALIEN BIG CATS); Beating and Riding the Bounds & Perambulations: Morpeth, Riding 47; 48 Newbury, Bounding 47 Perambulating (Article, 1872) 9 Belief in Amulets 1; 9 Belize Customs see BRAMMING Betty's Grave (Poulton, Glos.) 32 Bigfoot in Britain 40; 41; 42 Billiken: Who is He? (Luck Figure?) 22; 38 (2) Biographies: Andrew Lang 42 Hamish Henderson 37 Charlotte Latham (Sussex) 42 James Madison Carpenter (Collection) 41 W F H (Bill) Nicolaisen 50 Iona Opie 14 'Doc' Rowe 38 John Widdowson 29 Birthdays & Birthday Celebrations 39; 40 (3); 41 (2); Biting Babies' Nails 45 Black Cats 27; 33 Black Dogs 42; 43 (2) Black Dogs () 34 Black Magic & Poll Tax 15 Black Tape: A Satanic Indicator? 21 Blacksmith Legends see ESTIMATING AGE OF ORAL NARRATIVES Blessing Cars & Motor-cycles (1954) 17 Bloodstained Rocks 40 Blowing out the Candle (Action Story) 8; 9; 10; 11 Bluebell Lore 27; 28 Bonfire Night 37; 42 (Firle, Sussex); 44; 48 Bottle 42 Boundaries 40 Boy Bishops (Hereford) 44 Boys as Bears see DANCING BEARS Boys Dressed as Girls: Reason for Custom 32; 33 (5); 34; 35; 39; 41 Bramming: Belize Christmas Custom 46 Breton Folklore see FRENCH & BRETON FOLKLORE Bridegrooms' Socks 18; 19; 28 Brough Holly Night 32 Building Customs, Ceremonies & Beliefs:

Archæology & Building Customs 32 Foundation Customs 11; 50 (under BURIED NELSON MEMORIALS) Objects Secreted in Buildings 13; 31 (3); 32 Topping Out, Roof Raising & Spire-Blessing etc 6; 7; 8; 11; 13; 17; 47 Burglars' Superstitions 17; 19 Burial Coins 23 Burial Upside-Down, Face Down, Sitting & Upright 41; 42; 43 (3); 44 (5); 45 (3) (Burial in two places); 46 (Burial in three places); 50 (under UPRIGHT IN DEATH); (see also CATTLE PROTECTION BY BURIAL) Buried Nelson Memorials see GRAVE MATTERS Burying the Dead Horse 42 (see also HORSE BONES IN DISUSED KILNS) Butcher's String as Cure 27 Calendar Slippage (Anticipation of Dated Customs) 29 Camp Fire Girls & Camp Fire Songs 19; 21; 23; 24 Canadian Beliefs 23; 24 Canal Boat Art 16 Candlemas Day Beliefs see BADGERS & GROUNDHOGS Caning Lore (ie Punishment) 28 Cannibalism at Sea see SEA, SEAFARERS & FISHERMEN Cannibals & Stolen Organs 21 Car Number Plates & Car Folklore 32; 35; 36 (see also NAMES OF DRINKS) Carlisle Curse see CURSES Carol Parodies 28; 29; 30; 31; 32 Castleton Garland 30 Castrating the Fog: French Sailors' Custom 46 Burials in Mine Workings 9 Cattle Protection by Burial (under UPSIDE-DOWN BURIAL) 49 Cauld Lad of Hilton, The 49; 50 (2) Cauls 13; 14; 15; 16 Cecil Sharp Centenary 40; 41 Censorship in Folklore 29 Chain Letters (includes email) 5; 9; 17; 21; 25; 28; 32; 33; 39 : Medical Origin of Belief 6 Changing Gender see NURSERY FOLKLORE Charms & Fortune-Telling (1857) 16 Charivari (Stang Riding: Rough Music) 8; 16; 21; 22 (under THOUGHTS ARISING); 33; 50 (see also CLATTERING) Cheese rolling (Gloucester) 30 Chelsea Smilers see CONTEMPORARY LEGENDS Chesterton, G. K. (1874-1936) on Folkloristics 39 Childhood Beliefs 24; 27 & 28 (under A CHILD'S LIFE IN WARTIME) Children's Rhymes see RHYMES Children's Riddles 2 Child's Name Considered Ill-Omened 19; 20 Chinese Folklore: Request for Correspondents 8 Christianization of in Armenia 37 Christmas & Wedding customs 41; 44 Christmas Lights & Christmas Memorials 48 (2); 49 (see also DISPLAYS ON GRAVES) Christmas Reindeer Traditions 12 Church Building: Journal (to include Folklore) 31 Church Clipping (under BLACK TAPE ) 21; 22 (under THOUGHTS ARISING); Church Design see CHURCH BUILDING Church Lions 25 Cigarette Lore 38; 39 Clapping Rhymes see RHYMES Clattering (as Protest) 47; 48 Clock Striking as Evidence of Truth 45 Clog Offerings in Mines 11; 12; 13 Coal as an Amulet 19; 20 Coals Under Plantains 41 Cocks & Hens (Ribgrass) & Morris Dancing 10; 11 Cock Fighting 24 Cock Rolls as a Food Term 43 Cockstride Ghosts 13; 14; 15; 20 Coin Slang see MONEY SLANG Coincidence Rituals 12 Coins & Other Objects Inserted in Trees 42; 43; 44 Coins in Fountains 19; 25 Coins in Ship's Timbers 49 Coins on the Pavement 30 Coins on the Windowsill 19 Coke (Coca-Cola) Lore 7; 8; 9; 10; 15 Collecting Items for Charity 44 (under COLLECTING MILK TOPS); 45 (under COLLECTING MILK BOTTLE TOPS); Collections of Folklore Items (Request for a Collectors' Corner) 19 Conference Reports:

AGM Conference, London, 2001 34 AGM Conference, Bath, March 2003 40 AGM Conference, Oxford 2005 46 Charms & Charming (I), London, January 2003 40 Charms & Charming (II), London, 2005 48 Folklore & Archæology, Cardiff, March 2002 37 Guising Conference, Glasgow, 2003 41 International Society for Folk Narrative Research, Nairobi 2000 33 Leeds Metropolitan University, Folklore for Social Science Students, 21st Anniversary 48 in Context, York, April 2002 37 Conkers see HORSE CHESTNUTS Conkers Championships 32 Consider, Old Cow see RHYMES Contemporary Legends alias Urban or Legends:

Aids-Needles 38 Blue Star (Drug-related) Tattoos 14; 17 Chelsea Smilers 9; 16 Chewing Hair Results in Death 15; 17 Childbirth Gift Vouchers 46 Chinese version of Kentucky Fried Rat 7 Cookie (Biscuit) Thief (verse version) 31 Death from Hair-chewing 17 Exploding Toilets 31 Guide Dogs & Buses 40 Hair Balls 15 Missing Children (under A ?) 37 Missing Kidney 15 (2) Pranksters Stab People with Needles claiming to infect with HIV 26 (under A NEW URBAN MYTH) Preserved Bodies 15 Redemption Rumours 10 Staring Girl, The 47; 48 Stolen Key Robbery 15 (2) Suicide-Murder (Man Shot While Jumping to Death) 26; 45 Suckling Frogs 30 Two-pound Coin Necklace 48 Cookie Thief see CONTEMPORARY LEGENDS Corfu Folktales 16 Cottingley Fairies 34 Coucal Bird & Precious Herb 8 Counterspells 27 Counting Rhymes (Shepherds' Score) see RHYMES Countryman, The: Articles from (under A NEGLECTED SOURCE) 47; (under ROOTS OF DANCE) 49 Couvade Jokes 41 Cow Skulls as Protectors 31 Coy Manairo (Rhyme) 35; 36 Cracow Legends 38 Crematorium Memorials (see also WAYSIDE SHRINES) 43; 44 Cricketing Legends see NELSON IN CRICKET Crop Circles 33 Crosses in Bottles see WITCH BOTTLES Crying Boy or Girl Paintings: Legends Concerning 36 Culture Heroines: Where are They? 50 Cumulative Rhymes see RHYMES Cunning Folk 48 Cures & Counterspells 37 (under HAND, CROSS & HEART); (see also BUTCHER'S STRING: SHEEP'S SNOUT) Curious Cones see WAYSIDE DECORATIONS & MEMORIALS Curses:

The Carlisle Curse (Cursing Thieves) 46 (4); 47 Customs Newly Inaugurated 16; 17; 18 (2); 20 Cutties see HINKY-PUNKS Cutting Babies' Hair 46; 47 Cutting Finger- & Toe-Nails 46 Czech Fertility Rites 17 Daisy, Daisy see POPULAR SONG REFRAINS Dancing Bears 28; 29; 30; 35; 39 Danger at petrol Stations see INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS Danger in Your Drink see INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS Danger Lady: Newspaper Report of Disguised Man 19 Dangling Horses 50 Darkie Day (Padstow Custom) 29; 45; 46 Days of May 17; 18; 19 Dead Horse see under SEA & SEAFARERS Déan, The, & the Necromancer see FOLKTALE TYPES Death Omens see also APPLE BLOSSOM IN SEPTEMBER Deptford Tales (1891-2) 10 Devil's Toenails (Fossils) 33 Dewsbury, Yorks: Wartime Recollections 27; 28 Diana, Princess of : Floral Tributes for 32; 33 Displays on Graves 49 (3) Ditchley Park Conference Resolution (1969) 3; 5 Do as I Do Games 40; 41 Dog Hanging (Wedding Custom) 31; 32; 33 Domestic Folklore: an Appeal for Archives 1; 22 Donkey Burial 9 Don't Care see SAYINGS Doomsday see MILLENNIUM BELIEFS (Obituary) see MODERN WITCHCRAFT REVIVAL Dracula's Centenary 26 Dragon Boat Races, Shanghai 45 Dragon of Cracow: Legend 36 (see also CRACOW LEGENDS) Dragonfly Folklore 3; 40 Drug-laced Tattoos 14; 15; 17; 18 Dunmow Flitch 46 Duchess of Portland, The 48; 49 (2) 'Dutch' in Folk Sayings & Slang 47 (under DUTCHMEN'S TROUSERS); 49; 50 Throwing 20; 21; 23 Ear-rings & Fishermen 22; 23 Easter 22 eBay Transactions: 'Virgin Mary' Sandwich 45; 46 Effects of Moon 11; 20 Egg Lore 8 Electronic Suicides 25 Elephant Statuettes 39; 40 (4) Elephants Supporting the World in Hindu Cosmology 21; 23 email Folklore:

Cats & Toast 32 email scams 38; 39 Feel Smart Yet? 32 My Spelling Chequer 34 Wonder Dog at Twin Towers 41 Embarassing Riddles 19; 20; 21 Emerging Customs see CUSTOMS NEWLY INAUGURATED Empire Day (Great Britain) 43; 44 Endless Tales 27; 28; 29 English Folk Dress 7 English Folk Literature: ; Cuckoo Song 8 Equestrian Statues (see also ARCHITECTS' TRAGEDIES) 37 Estimating the Age of Oral Narratives 43 Exam Lore (Written Examinations) 29; 30 Executions (Wapping) 9; 10 Exorcisation of Car see NUMBER 666 Exploding Toilet (Contemporary Legend) 30; 31 Fables 46 (under A MODERN FABLE) Fairies 16 Craze: Media-led Fairylore 26; 27; 28 (under SOME PRESS UPDATES); 30 Fairy Lore in Contemporary Practice 40 Mine, The (France) 38 Fakelore:

Smugglers 32 Family Legends 4 Fanny Fanackapan: Origin of Term 29; 30 Fat Man see under WHO IS THE FAT MAN? (Santa Claus) 24; 28; 34; 42; 45 (under ST NICHOLAS IN BELGIUM); Fearsome Foods 34 Female Sun 9 Ferret Lore 9 Fire Festivals 23 First Female Presidents of Learned Societies: 36 (under NOT THE FIRST) Flame Throwers at Twilight 41 Flax Harvest Customs 41 Flowers & Trees for the Troops see under WAYSIDE DECORATIONS, SHRINES & MEMORIALS Flying Lizards 25 Foliate Heads see GREEN MAN & FOLIATE HEADS Folk Cures for VD/Sexually Transmitted Diseases: 39; 40 (3) Folk Memory 10 Folk Who Deflate Authority 11 Folkfiction 33 Folklore & Non-Folklore Demarcated 45 Folklorist: Origin of the Term 49 Folktale Europe: Map 4; 6 Folklore Society: 50th Anniversary: Review in Times (1928) 4 Folk-Song Tunes:

'Golier' & 'Goliard' 44 Folk-Tale Types: (see also TIME AND MOTION DISTORTION)

Déan, The & the Necromancer 42; 43; 47 Test of Women's Keeping Secrets 43 (under AN ILL KEPT SECRET) Unique Survivor (under ONE ALONE SPARED) 43 Football 26 Footprints in Stone & the Like 46 (2); 47 French & Breton Folklore 33 French Undertakers see STITCHING THE NOSES OF THE DEAD Friday & Friday the Thirteenth (including Other Weekdays) 10; 17; 19; 20; 21; 34; 35 (4); 36 (2); 37 (4); 39 Frogs (Blason populaire) 6; 7 Fruit Lore 16; 17 Fuel Crisis Legends & Rumours 33; 34 Funeral Cakes 26 Funeral Flowers 34; 35 Funeral Stockings 10 Gaping Against an Oven see PROVERBS ILLUSTRATED Gazing Globes see WITCH-BALLS Genealogical Curses (Family Traditions) 10 Gestures 26; 27 Ghost Laying 32 (under M. R. JAMES & A GHOST) Ghost Ship Legends: see LADY LOVIBUND Ghost Stories: True & Unpublished 7 Ghost's Centenary Celebration (under SHOOTING A GHOST) 43 Ghosts Laid by Twelve Clergymen 50 Giants 21; 22 (under THOUGHTS ARISING) Gibbeting see PUNISHMENTS Gibson Tomb, Sutton, Surrey 10; 11 Glass Sticks & Spheres 50 Gloves & Fairs 10 Goats Kept with Cattle 48; 49 Going Round Robin Hood's Barn (ie Sent on a Wild Goose Chase) 33; 34 Gold Cups & Grails 37 Golier Mystery see FOLK SONG Gossamer: Folk Explanations of 7 Graffiti 29; Graffiti: Different Sources & Types of:

Handprints & Foot prints 31; 32; 36 (under HANDS & FEET); 37; 38 Lead Roofs 30 Love 29 Postal 9; 10 Windows 30 Workmen 31; 34 Grave Matters:

Dancing on Another's Grave 50 Displays on Graves 50 Grave Goods 21; 22 Wittgenstein's Grave & Shrine 35; 50 Green Cars 25 Green Goddesses (as Fire Engines) 38 Green Man & Foliate Heads (see also PUBLIC HOUSE NAMES) 8; 10; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28 (2 - 2nd under ERRORS); 29 (3); 30 (2); 37; 39; 42 (2) Grieving Dogs see HACHI-KOH FESTIVAL Grottoes see OYSTER DAY Growing Stones 26; 27; 28 (5) Guildford Ghost Story 15 Gullbrand Glesne see NORWEGIAN LEGENDS Guy Fawkes 39 Hachi-Koh Festival (Grieving Dogs) 22 Hagstones 37 Hallaton Hare Pie 16 Hallowe'en: Generally: 21; 36; 37 (see under CORRECTIONS); 42

Egg Throwing 41; 42 (2) Mischief Night 43 Reports & Press Cuttings 21; Samhain Ghosts 19; 20 Trick or Treat 4; 6; 8; 10; 17; 18; 19 Hand of Glory 20; 21 Harps 16 Hawthorn Cults 28 Haxey Hood 41 Healing Hands 26 Hector Protector see RHYMES Helmet of Hotspur 25 Herodotus & Legend 24 Hill Figures: Alfriston 23 Cheriton Hill (Folkestone) 38 Devizes 31 Cerne Abbas Giant 23; 25 (3); 26; 28 (2); 46; 47 (2) Kilburn (Vale of York) 38 Uffington 22; 23 Westbury (Wiltshire) 38 Wilmington Long Man 23; 24; 25; 28; 46 Hinky-Punks & Cutties 47; 48 (2) Hobby Horses 46 Holed Stones & Holed Bones 41 Hollies on Hills (as Warnings) 40 Holy Grail 40 (2); 45 (2) (under THE SHUGBOROUGH MONUMENT); Holy Wells 22 (under SOURCE REVIVED); 38 Hoodie Hoo Day (Contemporary US Custom) 40 Horse Bones in Disused Kilns 50 Horse Chestnuts (Conkers) (see also CONKERS CHAMPIONSHIPS) 15; 17; 18; 19 Horse Chestnuts (Game of Conkers): in France 30 Horse from the Sea 34; 35 Horsemen's Commands 38 (under GEEUP! & Variants); 39 (5); 40; 43 Hot Cross Buns 47 House Charms & Protection Rituals 23; 26; 50 Household Customs 1 Huddersfield Folktale Murals 43 Human Bodies Used for Fat & Glue 19 'I Do it Every Day': Sexual Prowess Jokes 25; 26; 27 'I Made You Look'; Vulgar Rhymes 31 Illustrating Folklore 6 Illwishing Expressions

Step-Mothers' Blessings 48 Images of Children's Games 4 Imbolc Fire Festival, Marsden (Yorkshire) 43 & Fortune-telling (1857) 15 Indelicate Folklore (see also VULGAR RHYMES) 32; 33 Ineradicability of Popular Beliefs 16; 17; 18 Rituals see UNWELCOME CUSTOMS Inkybud the Feather Blower (Snowflakes) 41 Inky-Plush - A ? 28 International Nursery-tale Congress (1891) Review 10 International Traditional Humour Conference (1989) Report 8 Internet & Folklore Matters 44

Internet Communications and Warnings Car-Jacking Scam 44 Danger at Petrol Stations 43; 44 Danger in Your Drink 43 Italian Tip-Cat see TIP CAT Jack & Jill (Nursery Rhyme): Supposed Setting & Restoration 29 20 42 Jack O' Legs see LOCAL LEGENDS & SIGNBOARDS Jack the Treacle Eater (Yeovil, Somerset) 47 Jack Valentine (see also ST VALENTINE'S DAY CUSTOMS) 44; 45 (2) Jamaican Folk Music 7 James VI & I as a 50 's Middle Initial 47 Jingles 45 Jocular Tales (see also FOLKTALE TYPES)

Misfortune under Drunkenness 43 (under SHE FELL OFF THE PILLION) Owl Catching 45 Journal of Occult History & Literature (Semi-annual) 28 JSTOR (Availability for FLS Members) 49 (2) Jubilee Congress 1928 (FLS): Review of 9 Kensington Public Library Folklore Collection 45; 46 Key in a Fish see RING IN A FISH Keys

As a Code for Solicitation 43 (2) Under the Pillow (as Amulets) 42 Unlucky on the Table 42 Killing White Animals 41 Kneading Bread Customs 44 Knutsford Royal (see also MAY DAY) 38 Labour in Vain see PUBLIC HOUSE NAMES Labour Pains see COUVADE Ladder Superstitions 17; 18 Lady Lovibund: Ghost Ship Legend 27; 28 La Mandragore (French Journal) Oral Folkore Generally 27 Lancashire Rushbearing see RUSHBEARING Lancashire Witches see WITCHES 30 Leap Year - Ladies' Law 44 Lonkin, Lonkin's Hall, Long Lonkin see ARCHITECTS &c Leatherholies 4 Legend & Landscape 8 Legends: Classical Definition: (see also CONTEMPORARY LEGENDS)

Abdul & the Giants 48 Legends into Literature 35 Lifting at Easter 13; 15 36 Ague Xharm 49 Lincolnshire Death Birds 17 Literary Adaptations of Fabliaux 29 Liver Birds (Liverpool) see VIRGIN IMPACT Living Spring: email Journal, University of Bath 31 Lobby Lud 31; 32; 35; 36; 37 Local Legends & Signboards 28; 29 (under VILLAGE SIGNS); 31 (Suffolk) (see also NORFOLK VILLAGE SIGNS & FOLKLORE) Longevity as Punishment 35 Lovett's Charms (ie Amulets & Talismans) 34 Lost Tooth as Symbol of Rebirth 19 Luck Charms &c: Patent Applied For (1909) 12 Lynx-Eyed 22 Mabbut's Tuesday (Strawberry-Picking Time): Explanation Wanted 33 Making & Breaking Friends 44 Magic Objects in Buildings 31; 32 (see also ARCHæOLOGY OF FOLK MAGIC) Magic Shirt 15 Magpies 11 Magpies & Witches 31; 33; 34 Making & Breaking Friends 44 Marbles: Game of 46 Marching Rhymes & Chants see RHYMES Marriage Rhymes see RHYMES Mary Magdalen's Children 50 Mary's Resting Place (Mary Had a Little Lamb ) 19 Masks 7 Master Manole see ARCHITECTS &c May Day (Miscellaneous Entries) 17; 21; 22; 23; 24; 42 May Day in the USA 40 May Queens 34 May Day Songs 42 Mayor of Ock Street (Abingdon, Oxon.) 35; 36; 47 Maypoles (see also BARWICK-IN-ELMET) 18; 19; 20; 21; 23; 46 (under eMAIL ADDRESSES); 36 Mazes & Labyrinths 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 30 Memorial Verses 23 Men in Black & Paranormal Events: US Counterculture 8 as 19thC Contemporary Legend 5 Meteor Beliefs 41; 49 Meteorological Phenomena 41 Mice & Rat Folklore 3 Michaelis-Jena, Ruth: Obituary 11 Tree 50 Mighty Blows (eg Knocking Out Teeth) 25 Milk Teeth, Mice & Frogs see TOOTH FAIRIES Millennium Beliefs 24 Minehead Hobby Horse 7; 9; 24; 28 Miners' Tales 14 Miracle Legends: Santo Domingo de la Calzada (Portugal) 25; 26 Mirrors Attracting Lightning 28; 29 Mischief Night see HALLOWE'EN Missing Folk Tale Motifs 23 Mistletoe & Christmas 26 Mock Weddings 5; 13 Modern Alchemy (Silver Xerox-Lore) 18 Modern Exempla 25; 26; 27; 28 Modern Witchcraft Revival (see OBITUARIES) Money Slang 24; 25; 26 Money Spiders (see also SPIDER LORE) 43; 44 Monkey Brains (as Food) 30; 31; 32 Moon: Effects of 11 Moonrakers' Festival (Slatterthwait, Yorks) 43; 47 Morris Dancing (Miscellaneous Entries) 10; 11; 18; 20; 21 Mother Die (Wild Flowers) see PLANT FOLKLORE Mothering Sunday Customs 26 Moving Statues (see also VIRGIN IMPACT) 44; 45 (6); 46 Mummers in (see also CORRECTIONS 49) 47; 48 Mummified Cats 28; 48; 49 Munchausen Stories (1865) 17 Muzzling Bulls (under HITTITE BELIEFS) 28 Mystery Scene, A: Unidentified Photograph

Ancient Order of Foresters? 36 Oak Apple Day? 35 Riding the Marches? 36; 37 (under CORRECTIONS); Mythological Names of Metals 44 Names of Drinks (Alcoholic) 34 Near-Eastern Underworld Goddesses () 43 (under BABYLONIAN RELIEF); 44 (3); 45; 46; 48 Nelson in Cricket 36; 37 (2) Nelson Memorials in Foundations see BUILDING CUSTOMS Nettles (Urtica): Folklore & Customs Concerning see PLANT FOLKLORE New Year Customs 16 New Year Guizers, Belgium & 19 Newspapers and Folklore Contributions (under A PRESS CUTTING) 43; 44 (under VICTORIAN JOURNALISTS); Norfolk Village Signs & Folklore 30; 31 Norwegian Legends (Gullbrand Glesne) 25 Number 666: 17; 18; 19; 20; 27 (2); 28 (2 - see Press Updates); 30; 38; 47; 50 Numskull Tales 23 (under THROTTLED GEESE); Nursery Folklore 29; 30 Nursery-Rhymes: Pseudo-Historical or Real-life Origins of, see RHYMES Nursery Rhymes Re-Worded See RHYMES Nutting Bag (Besting the Devil Tale) 27 Oak Apple Day 14; 15 Obituaries:

Gordon Ashman 41 Hilda Ellis Davidson 49 Stewart Farrar (Editorial Comment) 31 Hamish Henderson 37 Roy Judge 33 Brian McConnell 44 Ruth Michaelis-Jena 1905-1989 11 Doreen Valiente 1922-1999 (Modern Witchcraft) 31 1909-1999 (Modern Witchcraft) 31 Old Care & Thomas Love Peacock 5; 6; 13 Old Mother Shipton 5 Oldham Wakes (Lancs) (1819) 6 One Alone Spared see FOLKTALE TYPES Open Door Responses 17 Oral Narratives: Estimating their Age 43 Owl Catching see JOCULAR TALES Oyster Day (London) (1851) & Grottoes Generally 12; 13; 21; 41; 49; 50 Pace-egging Plays 47 Padstow (Cornwall) see DARKIE DAY Pagan Revival (under LELAND'S Aradia) 35 Pagan Votive Offerings 22; 23 & White Witchcraft 22; 23 Pancake Day Skipping, Notts. 33 Parodies & Jocular Verse see CAMP FIRE GIRLS & SONGS Paternosters and Vervain 44 Patron Saint for Magicians 39 Penguins: Toppling 34; 35 People's Year, The: Proposed Centre for 36 Perks, Cuts & Vails 6; 7 Philatelic (Postage Stamp) Folklore 4; 5; 6; 15 Photocopy-, eMAIL- & Fax-Lore 19 (see also CHAIN LETTERS) Planning Bans on Folklore Sites Fairies' Rock, St Fillans 48 Reykjavik (under FAIRIES' ROCK) 48 Plant Folk Lore 7 (under MOTHER DIE); 29; 31 (under NETTLE IN THE NURSERY); Playground Games 34 Plough Monday 25; 43 Politics & Custom (Oldham Wakes,Lancs) (1819) 6 Popular Beliefs of the 17th Century 42 Popular Song Refrains 'Daisy, Daisy' 44; 45 (2) Postal Graffiti (on Letters) 6; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13 Press Cutting from Australia see NEWSPAPERS & FOLKLORE CONTRIBUTORS Prison Rituals 21 Prison Shrine (see also WAYSIDE SHRINES) 27 Prophetic Crossword (Relating to September 11th 2001) 36 Protection from Hag-Riding 36; 37 Proverbs Illustrated Gaping Against an Oven 44 Public House Signs 20; 41; 42 (3); 43 (3) Public House Signs: The Green Man 25 Pudding Dolls: Pie Puppy Dogs 20; 21 Punch & Judy 27; (under SOME PRESS UPDATES) 28; 33 as Punch in Liverpool, Codman Family; 35 (2); 43; 48 Punishments: Gibbeting 29; 30 Queen Rat (Venus Cloacina ?) 21; 22; 24 Rabbits at Sea 50 Rabbits in Folklore (Rabbits Deleted) 39; 48; 49 (2) (see also RABBITS OR WHITE RABBITS) Rabbits or White Rabbits (On First of Month) 26; 27; 28; 29 Ragwort 30 Raining Cats & Dogs 13 Raining Frogs & Fish 7 Randling, Cobbing & Tightening (Traditional Punishments) see CUMULATIVE RHYMES Ratcatcher of Beccles, The 47 Redemption Rumours 8; 10; 11; 18 Research Methods: The Hooden Horse 30 Rheumatism Cures 15 Rhymes:

Individual Rhymes Amy Johnson Rhyme 23 Consider, Old Cow 19; 20 Hector Protector 46 Sonia Snell 29; 30 Children's Rhymes (under TELETUBBY TRAGEDY) 29; 33 (3) Clapping Rhymes 24 Counting Rhymes & Shepherds' Score 20; 21; 22 (under THOUGHTS ARISING); 23 Cumulative 42 (under Randling, Cobbing & Tightening (Traditional Punishments)); 47; 48 (2); 49 (2) Marching & Chanting Rhymes 33; 34; 35 Marriage Rhymes 26 Nursery Rhymes: Pseudo-Historical or Real-life Origins of Nursery Rhymes 34 (under ROUND THE MULBERRY BUSH; 38 (under 'DON'T CARE!'); 39 (under 'DON'T CARE!'); Nursery Rhymes Re-Worded 15; 16 Tongue-twisting Number Rhymes 3 Vulgar Rhymes 31; 32 Ribbons (as Indicators of Allegiance) 22; 23; 24; 25 Riding the Stang see CHARIVARI Ring in the Fish (Polycrates Legend?) 22; 23; 24; 28 Ripon Horn 44 Road Ghosts 39; 40 (2); 41 Robber Tale (Ali Baba?) (1827) 22 Robin Goodfellow Woodcut 11; 19 Robin Hood Legends & Ballads 39 Robin Hood's Haunts 45 Romney Marsh Scarecrow 4 Rose Queens 9 Round the Mulberry Bush 34 Rough Music see CHARIVARI Round Table at Windsor Castle 50 Runes, Genuine 8 (under SEEN IN SHOPS) Rushbearing & Rushcarts 15; 36; 37; 38; 39; 41; 42 (2); 45; 48 Sage & Pupil Relationships 40 Saints

St Cuthbert's Beads (Fossil Crinoids) 35 St Farmin 28 St George & Horses 34; 35; 37 St George's Day 26; 33 (2); 41 (2); 43; 44 St Helen's Well (Barnsley, Yorks.) 35 St Nicholas (as a Sailors' Saint) 47; 48 (2) St Nicholas see FATHER CHRISTMAS St Valentine's Day Traditions & Customs 6; 14; 16; 23; 24; 25; 26; 42; (see also JACK VALENTINE) Salisbury Snakecharmer, The 46; 47 Sandman, The 37; 39 Santa Claus see FATHER CHRISTMAS Santo Domingo de la Calzada (Portugal: Cock Legend) 25; 26; 29 Satanic Murders 38 Saturday Flit 25 Sayings

Don't Care 45; 46 (6) Science: Folklore & 2 Scissors Against Rain Storms: Australian Weather Beliefs 27 Scroggling the Holly (Yorks) 31; 32; 42 Sculptors' Tragedies see ARCHITECTS' TRAGEDIES Sea & Seafarers' & Fishermen's Beliefs & Customs 11; 12; 15; 19; 20; 21; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27 (2); 29; 30; 31 (Drowning); 34 (under ROUNDING THE HORN & DEAD HORSE); 35; 41 (2); 42 (under ROUNDING THE HORN); 44 (under ROUNDING THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE); 47 (under CROSSING THE LINE); (see also COINS IN SHIP'S TIMBERS) Sectarian Libels 9; 10; 11; 16; 25 Seventh Sons 26 Sexing the Unborn 29; 30; 31 Sharks 20 She Fell Off the Pillion see JOCULAR TALES Sheela-na-gig 46; 47 Sheep's Snout as Cure 31 Shepherds' Scores see RHYMES Shetland Customs 40 (under STRAW MEN); 41 (under CHRiSTMAS & WEDDING CUSTOMS); Shoe Beliefs & Customs

Greece 43 Shoes Thrown into Trees 44 Shoe Trees 47 Shooting a Ghost see GHOST'S CENTENARY Shrovetide Football 45 Signing Bread & Malt With a Cross 44; 45 Silly Season Tales: Stamp-licking Cats 6 Silver Coins & Tongue-Slitting 27; 28 Sister Churches 15; 16 Smugglers' Fakelore 27 (under LADY LOVIBUND); 28; 29; 42 Snakecharmers see SALISBURY SNAKECHARMER Sneezing Formulæ 26; 27; 28; 29 Snowflakes see also INKYBUD Sonia Snell (Song): Words of Wanted 29; 30 Soul as Butterfly or Moth 15 Speed 28 Spider Lore 41 (under SWALLOWING SPIDERS); 44 Spindle Whorls as Amulets 19 Spinsters in Leap Year (see also LADIES' LAW) 22 Sprog-Bashing Day (Friday 13th) 10 Stang Riding see CHARIVARI Starlings as Souls 35 Step-Mothers' Blessings & Blossoms as Agnail or Whitlow 48 as Grog-Blossom' for Nose 50 as Cow Parsley ('Mother-Die') 49 as Plant 'Blast' = 'Blow' of Blossom 50 Sticks, Crooks & Poles 21 Stitching the Noses of the Dead 23; 24 Stolen Organs see CANNIBALS & STOLEN ORGANS Stone Men (Yorks-Westmorland) 11; 12 Stonehenge 23; 24; 25 (under CORRECTIONS); 32; 38 Storks & Babies 17; 18; 19; 20 Straw Bears & Straw Men (Disguise) 37 (under STRAW BEARS); 39; 40; 41 (under CHRISTMAS & WEDDING CUSTOMS) (see also DANCING BEARS) Street Games (Seasonal) 22 Subjective Time Tales (under THE DéAN & THE NECROMANCER) Suckling Frogs (Contemporary Legend?) 30 Suicidal Architects see ARCHITECTS' TRAGEDIES Sugared Almonds at Weddings 12; 13; 14; 22; 24; 25 Subjective Time Tales: 42 (under THE DéAN AND THE NECROMANCER); 43; 44 Suggestions for Folklore Collectors (1914) 5 Sunken Churches 26 Superstitions

Generally 27 (under PLUS ÇA CHANGE); 32; 34; 35; 39; 42 (3); 50 The Third Cigarette 43 Sussex Curse, A (Witchbottle Variant) 30 Swallowing Spiders (see SPIDER LORE) Swimming a Witch (1825 & 1863) 21; 25; 26

Tale Index (Thompson) Loss of Magic Strength by Smoking (under TOBACCO & SABAI GRASS) 46 Ruler Diverts Attention from Misgovernment by beginning a war 46 Tale Types ATU 403 & ATU 480 9 Tales Re-told (under IN THE BELLY) 29 Teeth: Superstitions & Customs Regarding 29 Teething Necklaces 35 Telling Right from Left 48; 49 Templars at Hertford Castle 46 Tending Graves 36 Terrorist Myths & Legends & Rumours 36; 37; 38 (see also PROPHETIC CROSSWORD PUZZLES) Thanksgiving Turkey (USA) 42 Thimbles & Black Magic 29 The Third Cigarette see SUPERSTITIONS Thomasing (Luck Visit) 19 Thirteen (th) & Unlucky Thirteen (th) see FRIDAY & FRIDAY THE THIRTEENTH Thirteen O'Clock 45 Three Princes of Serendip 10 Three Wise Monkeys 28 Throttled Geese see NUMSKULL TALES Thyme & Ageing 15 Tiger's Whiskers (as a Murder Weapon) 26 Time & Motion Distortion (see also THE DéAN & THE NECROMANCER) 44; 45 Tip Cat (in ) 43; 44 Tobacco & Sabai Grass see TALE MOTIF INDEX Tom Tit Tot (a Contemporary Telling) 24 Tom Hickathrift 30; 32; 38 Tongue-Ties & Silver Coins 27; 28 (see also SILVER COINS & TONGUE-SLITTING) Tongue-twisting Number Rhymes see RHYMES Tongueless Boar's Head (St Martin's Day Custom) 21 Toothache Charm 26 Tooth Fairies 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 27; 28 (see Press Updates); 43; 44; 50 Topping Out, Roof-Raising & Spire-Blessing 6; 7; 8; 11; 17; 47; 50 (see under BURIED NELSON MEMORIALS) Touching Mummies for Luck 38 Touching & Rubbing Statues for Luck 19; 20; 25; 26; 27; 28; 36; 37; 38; 39; 41 (2); Tongueless Head 21 Treacle Mines 18; 19; 20; 21 (under THOUGHTS ARISING); 22; 25; 26; 27; 36; 37 (under CORRECTIONS); 47 Tree Dressing Day 20 Trees see COINS IN TREES Trick or Treat: Child Believed a Ghost & Injured 19 Tunnels & Plague-Pits; Secret Tunnels 16; 17; 18; 19; 24; 25; 26 Turnips 18 Tuswball/Tisty-Tosty-Ball (under CHILDREN'S RHYMES) 33; 34 Uffington White Cat (or Horse?) 22 Umbrells & Gays 34 Unlucky Green 26 Unlucky Wedding Times 36 Unwelcome Customs, Naval & Otherwise 24; 25 Urban Myths or Legends see CONTEMPORARY LEGENDS Valentines see ST VALENTINE'S DAY CUSTOMS Vampiric Murders 38 Vanishing Hitch-hikers 28 Vervain see PATERNOSTERS & VERVAIN Victorian Journalists see NEWSPAPERS & FOLKLORE CONTRIBUTORS Village Signs & Folklore 31 (2); 32; 34; 38 Virgin Impact: Physical Effects 32; 33; 34; 35; 46; 47 (under LAWYER'S IMPACT) (see also ARCHITECTS' TRAGEDIES) (see also MOVING STATUES) Virgin Mary Sandwich see eBAY TRANSACTIONS Virgins' Garlands 43 (2); 44 (under WEDDING ATTIRE AT FUNERALS); 45 Vulgar Rhymes see RHYMES Wakes & Politics (Oldham Lancs) 6 Walled-Up Offerings (see also BUILDING CUSTOMS &c)

Images 48 Spoons 47; 48 Waltzing Matilda 12; 13 War to Divert Attention see TALE MOTIF INDEX Wayside Decorations, Shrines & Memorials 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22 (under THOUGHTS ARISING); 25; 26; 27 (USA); 28; 29; 30 (under CURIOUS CONES); 41 (2) (second entry under FLOWERS & TREES FOR THE TROOPS); 43; 45 (see also PRISON SHRINE & NORFOLK VILLAGE SIGNS) Weather Beliefs see SCISSORS AGAINST RAIN Websites (of Folklore Interest) 38; 40 Wedding Customs (see also CHRISTMAS & WEDDING CUSTOMS) 24; 41 Well-Dressing 22; 48 Wellerisms 34 Werewolves: Anubis as Prototype 35; 46 Wessex Society, The (Journal) 38 Whim-Whams & All That 50 Whitby Snakestones 40; 41 (2); White Animals see KILLING WHITE ANIMALS White-Livered 45; 45; 49 Who is the Fat Man (Buddha Figure?) 40; 41 (under FAT MAN) & Wiccans

Wiccan Memories (ie References in FLS News) 32 (see also OBITUARIES) Wiccans & the US Army 50 Wife-Swapping 17 Will-o-the-Wisp: Folk Explanations of 7 Wilmington Long Man 46 Wishing Tree (St Leonard's-on -Sea, Sussex) 36 Witch Bottles & Crosses in Bottles 29; 33; 34; 35; 37; 41; 43; 44; 48 Witch-Balls & Gazing Globes 35; 36 Witch of Scrapfaggot Green: Witch Stone at Great Leighs, Essex 16; 17; 19; 20; 22; 24; 26 Witches & Pagans 22; 28 Witchcraft: The Robbins Lecture 1964 & 15; 16; 17; 18 Witchcraft & Syphilis 39; 42 Witch-hunts and Cold Weather 45 Witches

Lancashire Witches 30 The Witch of Haramont (France) 43 Witches in Tyrol Taxed 27; 28 (under PRESS UPDATES) Wittgenstein's Grave & Shrine (Cambridge) see GRAVE MATTERS Woman's Left Heel Belief 5 Wonder Dog at Twin Towers see under eMAIL FOLKLORE Xerox-Lore see PHOTOCOPY-, FAX- & e-MAIL-LORE Yew Trees & Yews in Churchyards 12; 13; 15; 31 Zone-Pressure Therapy 26