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"# $%& ' () *& + ,- : ). *$/ : (0 ( $ $%& 1 : 23 : 2456 : : % (VP core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he Study of Language Learning Strategies Used by Turkish : and Kurdish EFL University Students %# &! Z% %$ ]/ : Language Forum : Vol 4^, No _ : _335 : : The shift of focus from teaching to learning ha meant how learners learn, that is. How learners apply learning strategies. A brief look at publishes researches reveal that learning strategies influence the degree of proficiency in a second/forengn language. Many researchers have found that conscious use of appropriate learning strategies typifies good language learners (e. g. Oxford 1990: Rubin 1975; Wenden 1989; and so on). Language learning strategies (LLSs( can be easily modified through training. They can be taught to less successful learners to enable them to learn efficiently. The present study investigated the key types of foreign LLSs use by Turkish and Kudish speaking students of English. Oxford's Strategy Inventory for language learning (1958a, cited in Ehrman and Oxford 1990) was used to colled data namely, the six major strategies memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognilive, effective and social strategies applied by the students. The participants were selected according to the results of an Oxford placement test and then they were exposed to Oxford inventory for language learning. Afrer analyzing the data, the following results were found: 1- In spite of some slight differences, Turkish and Kurdish speaking students did not differ significantly in their choice of LLSs at 0.05 2- In general, the participants reported that they used metacognitive strategies most frequently and communicative strategies last frequently. The overall strategies were used at u moderate level. !"# $% &'" : () : *+ * ,-. /" 012) ! /)3 4 : 5 -5 5 : 6789 : : . : ?# .; 3= !* :) ;1# ! !3 <:) !=: '" F . ! / G H 1 IJ 3= 1K) L - "M . # ) !@A) BCD E ) $". S * , / H RR 5 H F PC4 / H = 1Q L NO 5 .M WH . *# . 3= ;M T CM) UNU VRRU != 5 ! / T : ?# . 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' % # JZ3 0 23 P3 %Z @ # da !) !" # f# /W : (" o #5R N J) : "4 /23 /%#'- .!" / 0 : 5+ : 6789 : : " #D !" s : ." @ ) V D > + g4 R " %/ _# %? . 4 ' gh+ gh+ " " I + \ + J U @$ " !" %Z % " 4 %! O " % " N t 4 " @ ) @/ %Z ' PR) . ) )4 O (Z O T % ) S #>) Lu % %Z " " N 4 %B ""B N Z K"D @ /* C h+ H " E!# #/ ? + 03 0 .@ %Z +uB' [ Z U ) @ %R+ L$ mZ U %Z @ " ! .@ N %v E u B ' N _#>) 0 Shamsu-uddin Fagheer Dehlavi : o #5R N J) : The 44th All-India Oriental Conference : Kurukshetra University : August2008 : : The Culture, language, and literature of the two nations that is the lranian and the Indian we so Vehemently blended that they seem to be a unitary entity. The existence of renowned wering figures in farsi language and their magnum opus, Without Which the Farsi literary Story remains incomplete, found in the Indian Sub- Continent manifest the century- old deep-Doted cultural solidarity of Iran and India. One such eminent though anonymous literary figure the Indian sub- continent, who had the authorship or had composed various literary and doquent works, Playing a crucial role in disseminating and educating Farsi language and ierature in India, was Shams-uddin Fagheer Dehlavi. Keeping the aforementiontioed facts in iew, w attempts, apart from briefly reviewing the socio-political and literary period of Fagheer Dehlavi, have been made in this article to introduce, analyse, and discuss the general state of ffairs as well the thoughts and opinions of said period. 0 @5 W 5' # K) s=") : o #5R N J) : I x + 0K 0 #> : 5+ : 6789 : : .@ K) *# X E ) J , % ) 0) D %U 0 B . TN U ? ) D #N ?#") Z y=) 5R+ P/R H3&) . *# @ ,) I %Z @ LTu ?#") .0Z %Z ) P Z+ "E "4 S*+ E L ) K) *# T .@ gh+ %K # / "/* % "4 * &; # .""Z ) @Z3 ? ,) ! "4 0 B " . #[ O& # _>' T_N !" !/ . K) ""Z ) D *# " D P ++ 0 % ) n R+ zN Y O ) " J ?+ O % @ 0Z %Z @ B 0 i @ *# K) %)" . 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` ) aL < YD _$D N N 4 !" <%"$N . )*$ – )#M M Multiple Structural Breaks in Korea's Macroeconomic Data: : An Application of the Lumsdaine and Papell Test Charles Harvie : The Journal of the Korean Economy : Vol 9 , No 3 : 2008 : : The Korean economy has undergone rapid economics growth and structural change since the early 1960s . Over this period of time it has been one of the fastest growing economies in Asian , but , more recently , has been vulnerable to external shocks which have contributed to major volatility in the economy .This paper employs quarterly time series data to endogenously determine the timing of major structural breaks for various macroeconomic variables in the Korean economy . The ADF (Augmented Dickey and fuller) test and the LP (Lumsdaine and Papell , 1997) test are used to examine the time series properties of the data . The ADF test results provide no evidence against the unit root null hypothesis in all major macroeconomic variables under study . After accounting for the two most significant structural breaks in the data impacting on both the intercept and trend (model CC) , results from the LP test indicate that the null of at least one unit root is rejected for some of some of the variables under investigation at the 10 per cent level or better . The paper also goes further to shed some light on the implications of the Asian financial crisis on the Korean economy , as this external shock is considered to be the most severe shock that has affected the economy in the recent past . Our preliminary empirical finding approves this and shows that the dates of structural breaks in most cases Point to Asian financial crisis . However , using the LP approach it is shown that a second structural break can be identified , the timing of which depends on key policy changes or other factors contributing to economic turbulence in the Korean economy . the estimated two structural breaks were found to be statistically significant for all of the variables under investigation . Fostering ICT Development for Growth: Measuring the : Payoffs for Australia and the Asean-5 Countries Mudiarasan Kuppusamy : American Journal of Applied Sciences : 5(12) : 2008 : : Over the past few decades the brisk development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has had a phenomenal impact on the economic stability and development of many countries. Empirical studies show that most developed economies have gained significant payoffs (in terms of economic growth) from their ICT investments. This study investigates the hypothesis that ICT- based investment has paid of for Australia and the ASEN-5 countries (Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Thailand and the Philippines) between 1992 and 2006. Applying a new co integration technique , which takes into account the presence of a potential structural break , shows that ICT investment has had a positive and significant long-run relationship with economic growth in Australia, Malaysia and Singapor . However , in Indonesia ,the Philippines and Thailand ICT investment did not contribute significantly to economic growth during the same period .These three countries have yet to reap the benefits of ICT. Our empirical results suggest that the three lagging ASEAN countries should increase their ICT investment in order to achieve sustainable economic growth in the new knowledge based economy . The Impact of the Government's Supportive Policies for : Comparative Advantages of Agricultural Products (A Case Study of Selective Crops in Sistan anb Baluchestan Province of Iran) N 56 &< + : American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental : Sci c : cdd9 : : This research tries to determine the rate of comparative advantage and priority of cultivation for some agricultural products, in Sistan & Baluchestan province such as wheat, barley, maize, tomatoes, onion and watermelon based on cross-section data in 2003-2004 using criteria of comparative advantage. The result of the research indicates that based on DRC indicated products such as wheat, barley and maize lack comparative advantage while, watermelon, tomato and onion have comparative advantage. NPC indicator for all mentioned products indicates that the government undertakes indirect subsides to produce and support the products. EPC indicator for all mentioned products in Sistan and Baluchestan province reveals that the government’s interference in input market and products has been in favor of producer. NPI indicator for all products indicators payment of indirect subsides for trade. NSP indicator for barley and maize being negative demonstrates the production and export of which would bring no profit while this indicator for watermelon, tomato, wheat and onion has been positive presenting that production and export of which carry economical justification. The production of wheat regarding the lack of comparative advantage through the government’s support to produce and to export can be profitable to the producer. ($ 5 @K) E 5" 5M " >" > N/ : V ) #J )P &0 )Jg E <6 : )$PDPD 5' W [/ > [/ <=- 5* : c8 : cdd9 : : 5($ K" . > " $ )&M 5 < 5 " U@ N )($ >" 2$ 5" S( >@ J 4 j? 2$ " #, 5 " i7id 189 hE 5" 5 " $ 5" 5M " 5@ 2$ . > J 0 N M >" 5B Ck 2$ 5" ) ) " $ )" > S! " N/ 2 54 )" ` < 6 _$ & $ >" 54 > N $L 54 J ) l - " U4& " J * @K $ > . < J- > J m0@ < 4 $ (& 5" X$U >" N $ 54 > L W " 5@ 2$ Z >@ $ < N" U@ N )J 1 J" < W%" )" ` < 6 N )J 5( L N AP $ 0 1 > 0 )$ 4 Z6 \ ) ii A\ N $ M F " 4 2@k A@ 2&< 5" > ) >" Z? A$ 2$&# N 54 < ) M 5 @K . L" )@ 0 N )J 1 )B 4 1 * < >$ 0 ;^/ 1 >" 1 % )6 < 5" )" S! < 4 5" 5M " 54 L" >@ 5@ 2$ < 56$ . > " %%4 ; 6 P#" N NL > ? 1 5 F%` < 6 1 >& n P 1 ` o&< )" ` < 6 j N $ E q % ) %< pP %%4 @ %%4 ; [/ " 54 < 6 2$ N )B< 5P%M & ... p . $ >" 4 (5 F%` < 6 p > N F (78i9s7898) r$ - $ " $ L Z$N ) " : ) $ " V ) #J 3# 1V ) #J )P &0 : 5 : c : cdd9 : : N X$ - ($ N $ L Z$N "" 5M *% " _0 2$ (HHI)C %6< "" tEJ 1(T) A$ tEJ (GINI) )%M .$? "" < tEJ 1 v u& 54 u< )u u (cddG) ) u#M Xu " u @Ku . > J F (E)2 J tEJ . uJ )u 5E%J u#M uL Z$N + 2$ 4 % 5" w X, 1X$=" 1 B 12-w N u+ N u$ 5u4 uJ )u < ) #M X " p 56 \ %"5P %Pu " 2%o&< u" 5u$ 54 uJ)u 5E%J L Z$N 3 )$ 4 u+ N u4 2 >J % 5" > LW " _0 2$ O$ 2%o&< . > )P % W$M ... w 1 B 1v & % )$< u4 tEJ 2$ j&* )@ J") ) (GINI) )%M .$? 5, 78H7C N 54 56$ <4 7898 C d/8yc 5" 78H7 C d/GiH N 54 5 5" > " ) <4 {P$ (HHI) C %6< tEJ 78H8 C N . > 2%, $ U (T)A$ tEJ z > (GINI))%M .$? ] $ 4 54 )K$J 1 " $U6 C/ (E) (78i9s7898) $ ) & 5 < 5 " L Z$N ) " : V ) #J 3# ) < ) 1V ) #J )P &0 : 5 : 7 : cdd9 : : tEJ (T) A$ tEJ (cini) )%M .$? tEJ N L Z$N )"$N " _0 2$ > ? 54 (UPCR4) " X< #, U4& >P tEJ (D10/D1) C X< 5" 3< X< >P 5" 54 (CR2 MOT) 5 M 6 > ? 54 (Down CR4) 2$- X< #, 5 M %& | 5 " ) N 5 )D [6 < tEJ . > J F 5M p < E > ? s7898) < C 5 5 " 5 (78G9 s78H:) )D (78i9 s789G) < C ) & < ) 1 4 A4 L Z$N S! < tEJ " " j&* . > J 5P 0 (78H9 N ]- " \ (78i:s78H7) < C )D "" < tEJ }4 54 >6 5* 78G9 C 54 < ) M 5 @K < 56$ . " )@U 7898 C 78Hc >P 2$ 54 5J L < E 2$ 6 \ "" c: 5" X$U < E 2$ %& | \ tEJ (Gini) )%M .$? j&* . > 56$ <4 "" 7i 5" 7898 C "" 7: 5" H9 C 5 " 5 L Z$N < > 54 < ) _0 2$ L Z$N < tEJ $ (T) A$ 5" $ L "" <4 )% | (78H9s7898) < C a' N " 5 . > 5J &< The Relationship Between Agricaltural Value Added & : Agricultural Exports (A Cointigration Analyse) ) K ? ) #- . 1 F\ # : An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Ripples : 8,7 c,c : cdd9 : : One of the important issues in every country’s economy is the relationship between exports and economic growth and also the role of every sector’s exports in growth and development of that specific sector. Review of the historic trends of agricultural sector in western countries shows that developments in industry is not separate from agricultural sector and these two actually as complementaries and not as competitors . Actually we can say that progress in the world began by agriculture, progress in industrial sector outshined it and acted as the base for later developments in agricultural sector. Lots of researches have been done on “economic growth and exports”. Here, we will note some of them :Tylor (1981) used cross section data from 55 developing countries between 1960-1977 to check the relationship between economic growth and economic development .He calculated the coefficient of correlation between exports growth and production growth and showed that there’s meaningful and direct relationship between these two .Feder (1982) did a research on the same topic . He separated the total production into: production for the country and production for exports . Results of his research proved a theory that productivity is higher in exports sectors than non-export sectors. Also he shows that exports have direct and meaningful relation with some important variables.Kavousi (1984) reviewed the effect of combining export items on economic growth . He extended the range of countries under study (77 countries). In his research he proves that export development policies would increase the rate of asset formation and the rate productivity which in turn would cause economic growth .Fosu (1990) reviewed the relationship between GDP and exports growth in 28 African developing countries. He used feder applied model to check the positive role exports in GDP growth of these countries . $ J )\E ^ 5$ %%g 2 )\ A : 3$g 2/ &0 : $ 5%< : : cdd9 : Sectoral employment way's and the exchange rate: evidence : from Iran ! " : #$% &' ( ) *+ ,,- .#+ / 0! .# : 123,+ 12#$ 4 : 5689 1+% 57 - 56 : : Exchange rate can be targeted towards many policy objectives. Through its effects on the price ratios, exchange rate can significantly influence resource allocations, especially if it stays stable in real terms for an extended period of time. Through effects on both resource allocations and aggregate demand, can help boost employment, which has been an area of concern in light of stagnant job creation in many developing countries. Also the policy makers could better formulate marco policies if they known which sectors of economy are relatively more sensitive to changes in the exchange rate. Thus this paper examined the link between the real exchange rate with employment and wages of as many different sectors of Iran empirically for the period 1975-2006. Furthermore, since different cointegration technique yield different results, in this paper we apply a technique known as bound testing approach or ARDL approach to cointegration. Finally based on the results of study, some suggestion has been discussed. 123,+ 12#$ 1$ :; < $=+ >2 $+ : 1#$? ) ! " : < , / 0! : 1 = : CDEF B% A - @ : : + ! < #- I! . = 123,+ 12#$ 1$ G! . G+ GH + 1% +=+ + J H K$0 G: $+ 1$ . < +=+ GL-M . % NH #V 0$ P G+ Q#R . =# S?TU .J$ N >#, GI) 0: 1 00! 1 : < 1 : ? < 1 '+ G! 1 Q#R W .J$ $ Z \\E CEEX C[@X @EX K# G+ ! G0I Z @@@ C@X YEX C@X K# G+ < +=+ ? G#" = #+ : < G#" G! 1 +=+ G#" G$ . % J$ G+ ]-< < J# +=+ > ? ` $ $+ .J$ + \A/@E + ++ +=+ G0I K^ J$ : G+ : < J# = 1 : < 1 : ? 1 00! #- ` $ G! 1 I# : a,#! = G+ G! 1 +=+ G#" S$ .J$ @E/[E D[/FC D[/FC K# @XXX R . = G! +=+ > ? $ +=+ G0I b Z A[XX :; < .J$ : ? G#" G+ c+ Z @[XX : < G#" G+ c+ Z , G+ 1 < b =+ 0+ J- 2 JI $+ : Kd0 GRM0 ) e0% ^#,? , V K# ! " : < , / 0! : 1 = : CDEF B% A - @ : : + : J# f- G+ G! G+ '+ Sg G,H = < + ! IH Z . #- I# 1 J$ h< < G+ #' S = d+ 1 4H < 2 JI $+ G+ G-R . . + 1 H 00! 00! #- U 1 < b =+ 1 ]d + .#0i Z . ? 1 00! .#+ ) Kd0 , .#+ H S) I! = Gk % . H @XX@ j@XX\ -$ - + <+ 2 JI = < S 1 G! 1 $+ W .J$ G: $+ 4 G+ J2 S P= l = 0#V JI = f- = g+ 1I# G+ J2 .#0i h< < G+ < ? 1 00! .#+ = ` G m#" . = G U G+ + < .#+ 1 G! # 1 CYYFj@XX\ G-$ CX S U I# 1 < J# = $+ W ...J$ h< < G+ ` ) G < 00! ? ! = Agriculture-Industry Contractions in Iran's Economy (A : Case Study of Oil Crops Production) `! .#2" ! " : 6th Asian Society of Agricultural Economists International : Conference philippine : 28-30 August 2008 : Financial Deregulation and Structural Changes in Australia's : Monetary Aggregates and Interest Rates , V K# < - n? : 5th AFE Conference 2008 : 1 : CDEF # C[ Jo- CD : 4 P = $ + 1 = 1$ (>#k =) = J ^R N+ .#d : ARDL l ZL: .#2" #$ , V K# : ,o J : ) % I: , : 0#< " T$ =% 4 : 5689 r7 : : L (+ #- %: . &: J# ( >#k = ) = J J# s $+ G+ G-R . 1 = 1$ (5699j5687) = ,: S G+ = J ^R + a) $ 2 G + #^ < 4- = = J ^R N+ .#d l0 G+ Q#R . . =V Gt + K,M . 4 #+ ( ARDL) 1 =% = % J$ + 0#d W . J$ $ (ARDL) ^R + 0L Ju #s : . &: J# a) $ (+ #- #^ ##o G >#k = ^R + 0L 0 #s : . L J# .#0i . J$ G = J vIH K# G+ $ L (+ #- 1I# = J R#R" J# Gt J$ 1% = t" Q#R W . J$ . (3 Gt 1 Q#R W .#0i . 0+ = J ^R + >R2 ##o .s Gt 0#+ #V w- . = J ^R + S 0,+ G+ J2 #+ #s S t : . + s >#k = (3 t S t + 1 = 1$ >#k = 0 St H 1$ = J ^R N+ g+ 2 > L J?$ 0 1 I# ECM 1 =% W .#0i . + 1 = 4 x#0y = $ + 1 S) GM+ $+ : , V K# : ( GL$ JI +3 ,,- .#+ : 1 : 5689 < 7 z : : ;" " G 1 =% G+ + (567{j5687) = $ % = $ + G-R . 1 S) GM+ + s| > ? . ` ` G<V <$ J2y ##o 2 1 =% G+ (1997) Lumsdaine and Papell }- = $ + `#0t $0 U 1 * + K$0 . J$ G<V <$ Sg ##o ;" $ 1 LP 1 =% W 0L <$ J2y x = #+ H Z" .: l + GL-M P . + * . . $ ##o = ;L+ " G G#^: Gt .# 12V ) ARDL 4 }- S) .#+ S 0,+ *+ .##L + + 1 S) GM+ S 0,+ S t K^ .##L + . J$ ( r{{5 J#$ (ECM-ARDL) }- J$ .##L I S G+ Gt <$ J2y 1 = .: l G $ >#y Ss Gt -" 1 $ Z .#d W . J$ G: $ S J$ 0L J# + #2+ 1 0: S .#0i ]-< J+s . Gt J$ + s 1 l " = t 2 G $ > ? #' 2 # + t I: .#0i #' S GL$ G+ #V = #+ GH S ^ g+ 2 1 > L J?$ Gt 1 ECM Z .#d W . 0t G#H 10 ZL G+ +< 2 J?$ + ) ZL J#L^ -L a ? G Gt G G+ J$ . 1 0: 2 I#: w G $ S S R : .##$ , V K# : ( GL$ JI +3 ,,- .#+ : 1 : 5689 < 7 z : : , #- + S) yI#: 2 G $ s .##L V Q#R . V V ADF P = $ + + . + 5687 5668 Z$ U 1 t G Gt 1 % J$ G+ W ` 1 =% 1Tt ` ##o V 1 =% + P 10t Gt . G+ GH + 02# 5(5) 5({) ~ = tw ##o G2+ NH Gt ##o .#+ Gt J#,+ . : G<0 1 =% ut J$ :L ##o = $ .+0+ >k I 0+ 5(5) R - + ... Gt $ 5(5) x GH = + T? . 0$ l G+ 10#U >+ #' " 0+ V 1 =% G+ y Gt P G 1 l0 + ARDL P = J$ Ss r{{5 Z$ .# 12V *$ Gt M . . . % J$ G+ Z x l ##o 1# =$ S 0,+ K^ 1 K$0 . J$ $ + ARDL + 4 P = G:+ Gt 4- Z x = Q#R J$ G+ 0#d W J$ G: l 1 5687 5668 Z$ + 1 =% .#0i 2 yI#: G $ Gy#-" J$ 1% = t" ECM ARDL 1 =% = % GM$ gt S #' S 1 + 0L Ju R S J =+ S $ G+ GH + Gt + s 1 0: l " = t G $ . n2" #V = #+ #' S Q J$#$ G+ GH S ^ R & D spillovers, trade integration and expansion of trad : follow in the selected East and West Asian countries G: 0 ,? , V K# : The 7th APEF International Conference on East and West : Asia Trade and Economic Relations: Opportunities, Challenges and Outcomes 123,+ 12#$ 4 1 4 : r{{8 7 6 : : Globalization of economics is a complementary pattern of beyond of borders that bring international investment , foreign trade , expansion of information and technology , contraction of nation economics , convergence of production and consumption and contraction of financial markets . In this way economic integration that behave in accordance with economic strategies and behave in world economics creation , are introduction of presence of developing countries in world arena . In international literature , economic integration is a type of commercial policies that cause to decrease or omission of prejudicial preventives among associated countries .Also cause to simplify in more extensive consumption markets , proficiency in production , use of capital and financial sources , use of technology spillovers , access to foreign investment and international communion . Here we introduced spillovers that indicate impressibility of a country from situation and economic behavior of other countries . Spillovers have various channel , one instance is R & D . For a developing country , effort for technology improvement via domestic research and development sectors are very slow and expensive process while use of technology spillovers accelerate technology improvement and increase of productivity process .This study survey the relationship between R & D spillovers , integration and their reciprocal effects on expansion of trade follows in East and West countries of Asia . the results indicate that R & D spillovers and integration accelerate the trade follow . we used gravity model with panel data for period of 1995-2004 . Multiple Structural Breaks in Korean’s Macroeconomic : Data: An Application of the Lumsdaine and Papell test Charles Harvie , V K# : Korea and the World Economy VII Conference : Z•$ : 20-21 June 2008 : : The Korean economy has undergone rapid economic growth and structural change since the early 1960 . Over this period of time it has been one of the fastest growing economies in Asia , but , more recently , has been vulnerable to external shocks which have contributed to major volatility in the economy. This paper employs quarterly time series data to endogenously determine the timing of major structural breaks for various macroeconomic variables in the Korean economy. The ADF (Augmented Dickey and Fuller) test and the LP (Lumsdaine and Papell , 1997) test are used to examine the time series properties of the data. The ADF test results provide no evidence against the unit root null hypothesis in all major macroeconomic variables under study. After accounting for the two most significant structural breaks in the data impacting on both the intercept and trend (model CC), results from the LP test indicate that the null of at least one unit root is rejected for some of the variables under investigation at the 10% level or better. The paper also goes further to shed some light on the implications of the Asian financial crisis on the Korean economy, as this is considered to be the most severe external shock to affect the economy in the recent past . Our preliminary empirical findings verify this, indicating that the dates of structural breaks in most cases point to the Asian financial crisis. However, using the LP approach it is shown that a second structural break can be identified . the timing of which depends on key policy changes or other factors contributing to economic turbulence in the Korean economy. The estimated two structural breaks were found to be statistically significant for all of the variables under investigation . The effects of Exchange Rate depreciation on Iran’s bilateral : flows , V K# 0H # : The 7th APEF International Conference on East and West : Asia Trade and Economic Relations: Opportunities, Challenges and Outcomes 123,+ 12#$ 4 1 4 : r{{8 7 6 : : The intent of this study is to examine , the impact of currency depreciation on the balance of payments of the Iranian economy over a 28- year period (between 1978 and 2006) in order to achieve this target, we outline bilateral trade flow equations and the models are applied between Iran and it’s five largest trading partners, i.e. Germany, France, Italy, Turkey and India . Besides , the long-run effects of currency depreciation on the Iran’s imports and exports payments are estimated using ARDL method , a theoretical framework and quarterly time series data .The empirical results show that currency depreciation has a positive and stable long-run effect on B.O.P in Iran’s economy. Applying the ECM version of the ARDL co integration technique shows that the ECM coefficient , which determine the speed of adjustment , were an expected and significant negative signs . However , the findings reveal despite many cases that export values (in payments) have significant relationship with exchange rate, import values have some irrelevant and unexpected results after 2003 this outcome seems to in the result of rising of oil price and last import policies. In consideration of these results , more concentration on import policies and it’s relationship with oil income is recommended. Business Challenges, Development and Prospects of Small : and Medium Enterprises: a Case Study of Iran- Sistan & Baluchestan Province €- 1,$ ,? , V K# : The 7th APEF International Conference on East and West : Asia Trade and Economic Relations: Opportunities, Challenges and Outcomes 123,+ 12#$ 4 1 4 : r{{8 7 6 : : The aim of this paper is to conduct a survey on the main challenges that face business development small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sistan & Baluchestan Province in Iran . to our Knowledge , this study is a first comprehensive study that incorporates various aspects of business challenges in it’s broader measures to examine the barriers that hinder the SMEs development in this province . The aim was to enhance the current existing literature in regard to business development within Middle East business context . Hence , this paper attempts to develop constructs to measure business constraints in the Sistan & Baluchestan Province . With respect to business challenges , these measures consist of inaccessibility to finance , business competition , inaccessibility to technology and innovation infrastructure . lack of human capital , and among others . Using exploratory factor analysis methodology and various statistical techniques . data from more than 100 Iranian SMEs found that variables such as mismanagement high interest rates , inaccessibility to information , non-conducive government policies in regard to promotion of E-commerce and innovation were the major constraints that hinder the growth of SMEs in Sistan & Baluchestan province .This study suggests various policies to overcome these identified challenges . Suggested strategies include : providing less stringent financial supports by banks and government establishments of cooperative banks , facilitation of more financial aids , decreasing the high bureaucracy level in government operations , promoting and facilitating of E-commerce usage among SMEs . 1 < %: #- 4H : 1#$? ) l : < , / 0! : 1 = : 5689 B% z - r : : ? R + 1 : w' P= 1% , H %: < ag ` = Gt J$ 12 Gwo 0' N+0 = y <. + G 12 1 + =# .# • w' J#0 < #- J# G+ GH + ^" Q#R 0=.J$ G: + + G<0 + *$ P= f- = + t aT = y Gt <.J$ G: $+ 1% %: t 1 #- < . I„{{ ƒ " ~) = G $ - . ‚ 4H ) J$ = SL^ 10L+ †< b G<3 = …,d >" < #- = #l? d+ Z$ Q#R GL-M w-.J$ < 0+ G2+ G <t +=+ G0I I: m?+ < . Gt . xt P= V Z . 1t J$ G+ < = G0# + $ l0 G+ QU Gk J H $+ . + 1% = H %: #- < = $ J H K$0 = y. + 0$ €M$ + 0+ G2+ ! = K$0 #2+ N0 . J#L^ Gt 1 GL H €M$ :t `-$ w' .# • + + < %: , N0 GL$ w-.J$ . 0 #V Human Capital and Economic Growth in Iran : l : The 7th APEF International Conference on East and West : Asia Trade and Economic Relations: Opportunities, Challenges and Outcomes 123,+ 12#$ 4 1 4 : r{{8 7 6 : : One of the most important ideas in the United Nations Development Program is the role of human capital in the process of economic growth. Since the 1990s human capital indices have changed significantly as a result of scientific and political improvement. The quality of an effective labor force, which is known as human capital, is very important in the development process. Human capital creates suitable conditions for development and this leads to the optimal use of physical capital, which results in more productivity and further growth. This research uses the Romer endogenous growth model to examine the role of human capital in Iran's economic growth. More specifically, the positive relationship between human and physical capital, and manufactured exports and their effects on GDP growth are examined and analyzed. The empirical results show that the positive and significant relationship between human capital and economic growth appears as soon as the structure of the economy has enough capacity to absorb the skilled labor force in different sectors of the economy. It should be noted that improving educational standards among the active population leads to a gap between the educated labor force and employment opportunities in the economy. This situation can lead to unemployment within the educated labor force. 4 P = $ + 123,+ 12#$ 1$ `2 ^R N+ .#d : ARDL 0#2" #$ . ^ l : 5z{z Q: 1 T$ H = ` 3 .# : n? 0+ " T$ =% 4 : 5689 0 $ 5 . + 6{ : : (cpi) ‡,< ‡ # 0‡^ ]< + > L= ˆ H % s $+ G+ G-R . 1‡$ (CDE@ ‡CDE\) ‡ = G‡ # + `2 ^R N+ + >R >" G0I + #^ < 4 P = $ + 4- Z x = G-R . . =V 123,+ 12#$ ARDL ‡ 1‡ =% ‡0#d W . J$ $ Z .#d +(ARDL) 2 G ‡#o G‡t J$ . 0 1 0#d . `2 ^R N+ Gt 0+ K,M . 4 #+ ECM ‡ # 0‡^ ]<‡ ‡+ ‡ > ‡L= ˆ >R >" G0I 0L Ju #s H % 12‡#$ 1$ `2 ^R N+ 1 ECM W I# J$ G0L 0 #s ,< ‡t G‡t ‡ 0 #V `2 ^R N+ t $+ +. + g+ > L J?$ 123,+ ‡ H ‡ % I‡: >‡R >‡" G0I t ,< # 0^ ]< + > L= ˆ . 1$ `2 JL0 Q m?+ 12 GL-M ) 0# $ al Z > ? 10? G+ SH >,? $+ : (x0IH GL, = .2-+ l : 5z{z Q: 1 T$ H = ` 3 .# : n? 0+ " T$ =% 4 : 5689 0 $ 5 . + 6{ : : G- 2‡ ‡ GL‡$ I2‡+ ‡R G‡t ,k2 . = y `# Gt M ‡H G‡+ ‡ : STy G#" G+ $ - J#LH G + a) x 1 + . J$ SH 1 : STy 4 bU = + t w' = t Sg G^? bU x = 13 % `#‡d+ ‡ 0•M . : ( #' t # G^? I: < ?H 40: ‚ GH J$ a=g `#0t Jt" 1 T$ H G-$ @X = ` 3 0$ b G+ 1 #$ J H ‡ G‡+ 1#‡$ SH‡ >,? $+ G+ ‚V . w- .`#+ G SH m+ G+ = Z‡0! S‡l GH f- = +! ‚V ~ = Q#R b f- = ^" Q#R .`G<V Q‡#R .‡ G‡L-M ‡ J‡#LH . ‡+ ‡ #‡ ~ = % ~ f- = # ~ = ‡$ ‡+ G‡t 0‡+ 123,+ 12#$ 1$ x= 1$ N+ = x0IH 12 1#$ ‡V Gt . &d G 10? G+ % = D\F K$0 &2 + GRU # G P spss I‡: a‡ ‡+ GL-M . =V . J: #k ˆ t -% G$ P G+ G 0 $V ‡ P .#‡+ = ‡ $ L) : : : = # P .#+ = . a) >‡ ? G‡! ‡ ‡ 1 ‡ , ‡? >#, = > " G: . $ , ? >#, P = I# ,#, ‡ CA/@@E ‡00! .#‡# ‡ 0 G‡+ ?H > ? / @[/[FF 00! .## 0 G+ / ‡ ‡ CX/[C@ ‡$0 J‡#LH > ? / CD/CFD 00! .## 40 : > ? / 1#‡$ ‡ = ‡$ SH‡ >‡,? / ‡ ‡ CX/C[@ 00! .## = t L#U > ? G‡! ‡0 ‡ .## / >! %FD/\AC ~) (: > ? ,! U G+ .J$ x0IH 12 . + > ? . *$ .## / g+ = 1 12#$ 1$ = ! d+ I: P= + 2 # GL$ $+ : 123,+ L#M ^ l : 5z{z Q: 1 T$ H = ` 3 .# : n? 0+ " T$ =% 4 : 5689 0 $ 5 . + 6{ : : €#‡^ = 1 ‡ ‡ - QU = 2 # J# #! J# - Feder(1982) Z 0L = 1 - = 1#+ .^ G-R . . =‡) ‡#o I#: G $ 2 G $ ! # Ju #s• G<$ 1$ . + G‡+ ‡ a‡) 1 =% n$+ a J S = > " % 0 #s• T$ &TR G+ c+ ‡ d+ = ! G 0 G+ GH + . J$ %+ ARDL 2 G + €#^ < P ‡$+ w‡- ‡+ ‡ 1 G,H = ! 1T! ws #o . = 1% + * jCDE\) U 123,+ 12#$ 1$ d+ . ‹ I: P= = ! d+ 2 # GL$ ‹G‡: `#‡L -‡:j‡ 1‡ =% = $ + GL-M . .J$ G: $+ GL-M (CDDE G‡: ‡ $+ #o V V (CYEE) 1 Vj /Œ#,#: 1 =% = $ + .#0i ADF `#:‡ G‡)# (CYEY) 1 V <$ J2 ;" " ‹ G 1 =% = $ + 1% = L+ J$ 1‡! + + V €M$ J-" 1 Vj/Œ#,#: ADF =% G! #o = # = #+ G! ‡ 1 ‡ ‡< = ‡V ‡ ! (V ) " ‹G H ‹ G#^: <$ J2 ‡l0 ‡+ ARDL ‡L) •‡#0 = ‡$ + (@XXC) .# 12V ‹GL-M n$ + .+0+ . 0 Z ‡ •‡ ‡l #o 1# =$ S ! S 0,+ .#d K$0 G 1! ‡d+ 2‡ # G! J$ 1% = !" ARDL 1 =% = % J$ + .#d W . J$ G: + .#‡0i .J‡$ G‡ = ‡! ‡d+ ‹ I‡: P= ‡+ 0L `#R2 #s‹ 1$ . = ! ‡0L ‡+ ZL G+ 1 #$ 4 1+ Ss+ 0L G+ ECM K^ 1+ " = 3! .J$ = ! d+ ‹ I: P= J$ G+ 4- #o J$ = S 0,+ J#,? ‹GM+ = !" 1% 1+ g! JI + #! + GL$ G+ 1 #$ + 123,+ 12#$ 1$ 0 : = ! GL, = #) l : 5z{z Q: 1 T$ H = ` 3 .# : n? 0+ " T$ =% 4 : 5689 0 $ 5 . + 6{ : : `‡ 12‡!V 12‡ o: ! + G: 1 ( &0H 123,+ 12#$ 1$ =+ …,d d+ 1$ . . $$ 0 n # =% + % G+ I# &0H + = G‡H S‡ G! J$ = R-+ 0 #,+ 4 1 L , JL0 , = ! , % m+ G+ GH + G-R . . = . GRM0 #4 3 m?+ €# I G + g‡! J‡I , =+ d+ + #! + 123,+ 12#$ 1$ 0 :L G+ a .# =$ #$% 12 o: ! I G+ 1$ > g! S S m+ . `#<V = ! + I# S S m+ I G40 G+ ! 4 2+ 1! †< KH G! G # = G‡! ‡, `#l? G #2 1$ .: , J$ wV 1 1$ ‚ #:oH J#L G+ GH . ‡0! •‡! ` . G+ # ( > ! = G+ G! ) w4# G#! 1 , ... , I- , V40$ 12‡#$ 1‡$ G‡! J‡$ .‡ 4 #+ '+ ?= …,d Sg ,? >#, ` = ! d+ J‡I I#-‡H Sg G:,? S , ST' = <+ , #2 # , < #- 123,+ . GRU P = $ + 123,+ 12#$ 1$ d+ 4: GL$ GH G2R : ? 2! 0+ = G#R: l : 5z{z Q: 1 T$ H = ` 3 .# : n? 0+ " T$ =% 4 : 5689 0 $ 5 . + 6{ : : ‡+ .# =‡$ % GRM0 I G + a) J H …,d QU0 0 $0 ‡? 2‡! ‡0+ GRU •#0 = $ + Q#R .. J$ ^ , €M$ GL$ G+ 1 #$ . J‡$ G‡: S‡ 12‡3,+ 12#$ 1$ d+ $ QU0 4: GL$ GH .##L J H W‡ . J‡$ ‡+ ‡d+ €M‡$ 1$ $ QU0 4: GL$ GH G2R G$ 1% = b 1‡$ d+ EX <+ cR 1$ d+ @X " 1 GL-M . = > " . G: a <+ G# QU0 0# $ al Z > ? 10? G+ SH >,? $+ : GL, = .2-+ l : 5z{z Q: 1 T$ H = ` 3 .# : n? 0+ " T$ =% 4 : 5689 0 $ 5 . + 6{ : : G-•2‡ ‡ GL‡$ I2‡+ ‡R G! ,k2 . = `# G! M ‡H G‡+ ‡ : ST G#" G+ $ - J#LH G + a) • 1 + . J$ SH ST ‡ ‡4 b‡U = ‡+ ‡ ! w' = ! Sg G^? bU • = 13 % ‡ •‡0•M . ‡: ‡ ( #' ! # G^? I: • < ?H 40: 1 : J‡$ a=g `#‡0! J‡!" 1‡ T‡$ H G-$ @X = ` 3 0$ b G+ 1 #$ J H `#d+ 1#k$ SH >,? $+ G+ ‚V . w- .`#+ G SH m+ G+ ‚ GH ...` G<V G+ 123,+ 12#$ 1$ < P : # + s| > ? : `! .#2" : < , / 0! : 1 = : 5689 B% z - r : : ‡ - S >o G+ GH + 123,+ 12#$ 1$ < 1 00! #- J‡+ N‡ P : H : …,$ a + S P : # G$ = > ? $ < 4 •#‡ ‡+ s| > ? .##L + . 00! $ < < + Z J+ = /V P : Z G‡! ‡ 1 %+ N+ W . J$ $ J#Hg Z = 1 00! #- *$ Z P : = 0L Ju GM+ 0+ GH G0I 0L 0 GM+ '+ GR+$ < P : J# #o G‡M+ ‡'+ GR+‡$ S‡? = $ #o H : …,$ # G+ P : + % l P : P + % l = 0L Ju GM+ I# '+ .$ 0+ GH S#,? a) .#0i 0 . Z J+ N Water Reforms vs Climate Changes in Developing Countries : .2-+ `! .#2" : th 5 World Water Forum : G#! : 5689 0 $ r‘ : : Water reform policy in developing countries, which their economy mostly based on agricultural sector, is main preconditions for sustainable agricultural economic development. Since water is an important input in all economic sectors and particularly in agriculture, climate changes and water scarcity will be more important in new millennium. Providing sufficient water for various uses, in particular agriculture sector is one of the main problems that most Developing Countries such as Iran involved. Water- reforms are important while the multi-oriented issue of sustainability is of interest as well. The pros and cons of water-reform policy are discussed in this project. Exchange Rate Volatility and Agricultural Export Iran : ! " : 6th Asian Society of Agricultural Economists : .#Œ#,#: : 28-30 August 2008 : !"# $%& '"() : %# * + , # -.* /) : 0.12" + 0.3 4 : 5678 : )* ' ! (! !"# $% & )* & - !% /0 &12# 3'# 4! # $ ',- .! + $;!9: 5 6% / $7 8 ARDL )* ', ? $,A $ 9 % =2 & 60 & - < '7 & ) & (? & )* ! H $, 5 C D $% $ ',- .! B $,E &FG % )* K!: $0'E &FG % !"M# 4!9: J I & : & KL )* J !% O!P 5G &12# 3# 4! # & 60 & - N QRS 4!9: 5 %- 4?; & $7 8 5 6% ARDL )* &X0 $7 E V &12# 3# W &TU : * 'Y Z 8 5 6% $R5'# 6 $ '!%G'E )* Q'% J $AH % !"# $% & 60 & - ) & 9E & )* $ 9U 5 & (U &!X !"# [ \'# (<<)]<)N) $# -, % ." *+ ٢ - )* ". % ,- #$ $# & % )"' *+ ١ - )* '"( % & #$ "! ٧ / !" # $ # % & '() *+ )* +, -./ 0 1 « $% & ' » ! " : (9678 5)23, !; , : B'C 53<= DE A &<= > ?<@/ : 6 : FGHI : : J3 / KCL )&<! )/ +'%?&M 0 ' '% , 3, )* +, -./ U >, (T)N= 5 0 OE PQC 3! R 5 'E > >Q S A«N=Z Z3MZ[» 53@ 5 X ),YL 0 .' >3 V 13;! R 678 3\? >, >! ] U! V! ^ ZO'3_ ` 1 % ! , >Q 3, AT J/ 0 >QA« $d % & ' ».S >!/' c/3% >! ` FH8 a% >, ZK! )J 0 ,0 +b% ZS K! SC )J )?& 0 )* +, >?' f` 0 AS _ > , e? / >L= 3_ >Q g hRC )& >Q J i ', >?&3 >Q >!_E >Y^L a@ 0 !&Q C 0 >, cY% O DE ?'J, >Q N'3 `!^ J 13;! Z & >, >' =3 C / 0/ 0 >'0 >! ` Z) Z% ZD T3[3 , jb% .S S >, Z , >!_E +! )J l _ >, > +' .S ! 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L!* Li5% B( & VH 'A J , *( :E( E =)!6 Y 5v9!:!, & +* E" *6 MB i J" & K Q . & %6.,F :E( & . -,P * >. =( I/ 6(? /E6 k6B !" * & C !C n &, ) ' E #B F v %!*/ [e{ %! .**, %6. ) >( !C >) !) !C n 6C*A -9 J " I/ = C Q * B5 & Q R j!kH P -& +i '!R ?" % 5 !) ‹C >!R V&, ( Q & D:! %6. ) >( E #B M !/ K A # # " & Q 0: K . ) +i =( wA !& w 5 , % …6 . ) [e{ & Q #7 * & C &A & %)! 6( !, ZR* wE" *0 & D" %6. ) & %! ) v6 F v6 F & %! A *6) . *0 = & g F C5%6. ) >( LA 6E, , >) %A *& % …6. K( = K 6 *g V&, b 6 ‹ 7 J V&, I/ K. V&, ( & V(!F " = ! . +i & %!R ( V % ) MBP 5V A w *0 & ( b*& (C &A [e{ &)& F K v& %! M 6. & J " M0" 6." ' & &A > E& .!( " C &A V&, . O!k ) " Q [e{ %'D7 '( )! Y E0 - #B : Ey, 6 A / *E(!& )R " : 0)!" : 11 : 1234 : The Bam Earthquake Analysis and its Geomorphological : Manifestations and Evidenes .C !E QS K .P : Journal of Humanities University of Isfahan : Vol 2‡,No t : t‡‡3 : : Bam is a historical city located like a pearl in the heart of Lut Desert and on the Kerman-Zahedan highway. By virtue of the primeval mud- constructed citadel (Arg e Bam which was founded about 2000 years ago), the city has acquired a world-wide name and fame. Unfortunately, a harrowing and horrendous earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale jolted the city early on a Friday morning exactly at 5:26:26 AM, December 26, 2003 .The city was razed to the ground inflicting heavy losses of life and property. More than 110,000 inhabitants lived in Bam before December 26, 2003 earthquake. More than 35,000 people were killed, about fifty thousand were injured and many peoples were rendered homeless by the vicious earthquake that shook the ground like a doll on the 26th of December, 2003. Though several papers have been written on the Bam earthquake tragedy, this paper initially endeavors to tackle about the analysis of the Bam earthquake phenomenon and discuss the natural and general causes and grounds prompting such a high death toll and an extensive loss of property; and then take into account the geomorphological evidences and manifestations resulting from the aforementioned calamity. The Geomorphic and Morphometrics of Napag Mud Volcano : In the South Eastern Area of Iran .C !E QS K .P : Journal of Humanities University of Isfahan : Vol 2‡,No t : t‡‡3 : %6. ) >( }( ) & •" F 9!:!! !‰9 M # " : C ' :.C D : W : QS K .P : 0)!" : 1t : 1234 : Mud volcanoes in Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces, Makran : Coast, Southeast Iran QS K .P : Geological Society of Malaysia : Œ• : 1234 : : Mud volcanoes are prevalent along the Makran coastal region and two of them are described here, Borborok and Pirgel. They form marked geomorphology rising several tens of metres above the surrounding plains and erupt mud of varying viscosities, colour and composition; associated gas, mainly carbon dioxide with some methane that causes bubbles to form. Their origin is attributed to a dewatering phenomenon associated with the subduction of the Oman Sea plate beneath Eurasia. SPI Q ' * C & :.C M # " : E, E QS K .P : -#0 > " S w!#/ : 1t : 1234 : & %!6WF )*( 0: D6) M v E( E g v9!:!, * +R : %A & !6* !E ! 5! p Wi : %A *& t : 33 34 F F : 1234 : %A >. x! : '( % a!*E ;( u * : ! !k0 G. P) E) 5 + R 5'( p #/ 5! p Wi : >. = E#/ *#k : •Ž : 1234 : ! "# $%& '( ) $ *& ' + , - : ./ 0 - ! " ( 123 $4 : 5( 6 0 ) 4 7 4! : ! : :;<8 & 9 % 8 : : 5- +AB> 7 @46 ? 6 5( 6 !- '>% =- $ *& ' + "# 6 $G . E /@2 ,+ $ D#1*& > C $ 5( 6 %$ 7 + -- 6%- >@ K L ( J@2 HI $ *& ' + E /@2 # E /@2 ,+ 5+ J@2 1%23 $O% + . N 6+ M> 6& 5A- 2 C $ 3 53- 2 ' + $- ! @2 @2 E 0N + Q$ 7 ! )($P + ! S3 5 >N$ $+ @( 5%3 KB> 7 + @2 0 $Q ! R D ,+ E6 2 $ K $Q ! 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ET / ) 4 020- ! ) 4 7 4( : :‡b‡ U ="Q A- !& O : :;<8 - : 746 ;b : Hydroponics, change in animal industry and one method for : environmental conservation and combat to drought in The Iran h2 I2- 4- $ A 6- 1 $ RA# : International Conference on Resource Development and : Environmental Change Emerging Issues and Challenges India : :;<8 : Necessity of Implementation of Environmental : Consideration in Industrial Development and Fishing with Emphasis on Geomorphologic and Ecological Bases: A Case Study of Oman Seas, Sistan and Baluchistan Province J O 7 2I $ RA# : International Conference on Resource Development and : Environmental Change Emerging Issues and Challenges India : :;<8 : The Study of the last drought impacts on fauna anf flora of : desert Ecosystem in Iran ( case study: Bazman-Iranshahr) h2 I- 4- R 1 $ RA# : International Conference on Resource Development and : Environmental Change Emerging Issues and Challenges India : :;<8 : The study of the relation ship between pulmonary eye and : skin Diseases with drought and sand (Case study: Zabol township) R 4I R 1 $ RA# : International Conference on Resource Development and : Environmental Change Emerging Issues and Challenges India : :;<8 : Study of Relationship Between Fauna Biomass and Fishing : in Shores of Oman Sea (Iran Shores ) at Recent 25 Years (1981-2006) $ RA# " G : International Conference on Resource Development and : Environmental Change Emerging Issues and Challenges India : :;<8 : 45 0 12 !" # $% 23# &'( )*+ #' GIS ,*- ./ 45 ( < / 9:; <:= > ? @ 8 ' 7 8- 2 6 A < ,*- <- *- : D0 ) B# (@ 45 :=$ 0+" !I >) G +H F $ +H *- # !J:= 45 D .-/ :)0 @ 8 ' - . + L K ? 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':# - -; 7' K ; 9:; `" ,*- (abde Nabcd) 0- B# A < 45 1 V :# 2 ( @ 8 ' -; 7' P : *- :" *- M_ % 45 G +H D-:' - ] : R 2H abcd ' abbd <- f-$ :)0 45 _M\ g - A$ &7 +" :2 5 (SST) 2L @H:- G )$- % 2L 45 G +H $2*U - S H 8L 4 h O , # O +7 : : D0 : % ./ 45 8L 2 >*+% I: @:L - . + L Z M MH 00 D 1M; i FP5 <- 45 G +H i D-:' - ] : 6[ 2H :)0 F4P ' FFP <- f-$ 45 -/( lML –A' ( 7 $ &7 - . + L 6 7 $ .+:' D-:' *D$\ ( 7 $ : : D0 k T *D$\ NA' 45 , = m ? - . + L 66 \ 2- _ i- M0n n (; : 'D0 :2 45 :M o % - I' 7 8- 2 6F /$,- " <:= 82L . #" ! - , $ . *+ ١ #" ! - , $ . * ( ١ #" ! &% $ ) ' *+ ١٩ #" ! &% $ ) ' * ( ١ / #% ١٨ #0 !" # #$ #% # & The Modified Asymptotic Method for Highly Oscillatory Integrals : 1 i ω g(x) ∫ f (x) e dx by Perturbing Oscillator G(x) with Small 0 Corrector Function !"# : Journal of Modem Mathamatics & Statistics : ' (%) : '(() : Solution of Fredholm Integral-Differential Equations Systems : by Adomian Decomposition Method *+ , - ./ 0 12+ 13 : Journal of Modem Mathematics and Statistics : '(%) : '(() : : In this study, Adomian decomposition method, as a well-known method for solving functional equations, has been employed to solve systems of linear and nonlinear Fredholm Integral-differential equations. Theoretical considerations are discussed and convergence of the method for these systems is addressed. Some examples are presented to show the ability of the method for such systems. Moving mesh method with local time step refinement for : blow-up problems 4 ,2+ 5!+ 2!+ !26 : Applied Mathematics and Computation : 789 : '(() : : In this paper, the dynamical moving mesh method is merged with the local time stepping technique and the new method is applied for blow- up problems. It has some benefit in approximating an accurate blow- up time by starting at any positive initial time (to>0). Our numerical experiment shows that without applying the local time stepping method, wrong blow – up time will be obtained, if the equation integrates from t0>0 A moving mesh method with variable mesh relaxation time : John M.Stockie 2!+ !26 : Applied Numerical Mathematics : 9) : '(() : : We propose a moving mesh adaptive approach for solving time- dependent partial differential equations. The motion of spatial grid points is governed by a moving mesh PDE (MMPDE) in which a mesh relaxation time τ is employed as a regularization parameter. Previously reported results on MMPDEs have invariably employed a constant value of the parameter τ . We extend this standard approach by incorporating a variable relaxation time that is calculated adaptively alongside the solution in order to regularize the mesh appropriately throughout a computation. We focus on singular, parabolic problems involving self-similar blow-up to demonstrate the advantages of using a variable relaxation time over a fixed one in terms of accuracy, stability and efficiency. Weakly Stochastic Runge-Kutta Method With Order 2 : :; < 2!+ !26 : Journal of Applied Mathematics & Informatics : ') : '(() : : Many deterministic systems are described by Ordinary differential equations and can often be improved by including stochastic effects, but numerical methods for solving stochastic differential equations(SDEs) are required, and work in this area is far less advanced than for deterministic differential equations. In this paper,first we follow [7] to describe Runge- Kutta methods with order 2 from Taylor approximations in the weak sense and present two well known Runge-Kutta methods, RK2-TO and RK2-PL. Then we obtain a new 3-stage explicit Runge-Kutta with order 2 in weak sense and compare the numerical results among these three methods. Strong approximation of stochastic differential equations with : Runge-kutta methods 4= 2!+ !26 : World Journal of Modelling and Simulation : ' : '(() : : In this paper, we describe stochastic Runge–Kutta (SRK) methods with strong order 1.0 for strong solutions of Stratonovich stochastic differential equations (SDEs) which was first introduced by Burrage and Burrage in 1996. In particular, three new SRK methods with strong order 1.0 are constructed. They are an explicit two–stage method, an explicit three–stage method with minimum principal error coefficients and an implicit three–stage method with minimum principal error coefficients. Numerical results for two test problems with our methods and Burrage’s method and Platen method will be compared. A Family of Predictor-Corrector Methods Based on Weight : Combination of Quadratures for Solving Nonlinear Equations 43 > ? # 26 !+ 2!+ !26 : International Journal of Nonlinear Science : Vol @, No 7 : '(() : : In this paper, we propose and analyze some new predictor-corrector methods for solving nonlinear equations using the weight combination of mid-point, Trapezoidal and Simpson quadrature formulas. We prove that these new methods are better than the newton method. Several examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. An Improved Regular Falsi Method for Finding Simple Zeros : of Nonlinear Equations 2!+ !26 ? # 43 : Applied Mathematical Sciences : Vol ', No ) : '(() : : An improved regula falsi(IRF)method based on classic regula falsi(RF)method is proposed in this paper.The method is verified on a number of test examples and numerical results confirm that the proposed method is very effective with respect to the classic regula falsi method. Adaptive Grid Based on Geometric Conservation Law Level : Set Method for Time Dependent PDE 6 A6 B 2!+ !26 : Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations : : '(() : : A new method for mesh generation is formulated based on the level set function.which are solutions of the standard level set evolution with the Cartesian coordinates as initial values(Liao et al.J Comput phys 159(2000),103-122;Osher and sethian J Comput Phys 79(1988),12;Sethian,Level set methods and fast marching methods, Cambridge University Press,1999;Di et al.J Sci Comput 31(2007),75- 98).The intersection of the level contours of the evolving functions form a new grid at each time.The velocity vector in the evolution equation is chosen according to the Geometric Conservation Law(GCL) method(Cao et al., SIAM J Sci comput 24(2002),118-142).This method has precise control over the Jacobian of Transformation because of using the GCL method. On Homological Classification of Monoids by Condition (E') : of Rigth Acts C!D2 "; : Yokohama Mathematical Journal : 9E : '(() : : Valdis Laan in ( Ona generalization of strong flatness, Acta Comment. Univ. Tartuensis2 (1998),55-60) introduced Condition(E'), a general-ization of Condition(E). In this paper we continue the investigation of Condition (E') and give a classification of monoids by comparing this condition of their acts with other properties. We give also a classification of monoids for which all (monocyclic, cyclic) right acts satisfy Condition(E') and in particular for idempotent monoids and monoids S with E(S)={l}. A classification of monoids over which all monocyclic right acts are weakly pullback flat will be given too. On Condition (PWPE) : C!D2 "; : Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics : %' : '(() : : In this paper we introduce Condition(PWPE), which is related to the flatness concept of acts over monoids and develop connection with principal weak flatness. As a result to see that an act is principally weakly flat it is much more easier to see if it satisfies Condition (PWPE). A classification of monoids will be given, for which all(cyclic, monocyclic, Rees factor) acts satisfy Condition(PWPE) and monoids for which (Rees factor) acts with this proprety have some other flatness properties and vice versa. A description of left almost regular monoids, for which every PWF act is (PWP) will be given too. Finally, usng the above condition a new classification of Laan of monoids over which all torsion free right Rees factor acts are (PWP) or (WP) will be also given. On Regularity of Acts : < , C!F# C!D2 "; : Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran : 78(E) : '(() : : In this article we give a characterization of monoids for which torsion freeness, ((principal) weak, strong) flatness, equalizer flatness or Condition (E) of finitely generated and (mono) cyclic acts and Condition (P) of finitely generated and cyclic acts implies regularity. A characterization of monoids for which all (finitely generated, (mono) cyclic acts are regular will be given too. We also show that monoids for which all regular right acts are WPF, WKF, PWKF, TKF or satisfy Conditions (P), (WP) and (PWP) are the same as those for which all regular right acts are projective or strongly flat. Monoids S with E(S)ÍC(S) or those for which every element of E(S)\{1} is right zero will be characterized, when all (finitely generated, cyclic) right S-acts satisfying Conditions (PWP), (WP), (PE) or (P) are regular. Simple monoids for which all (finitely generated, cyclic) right acts with property U (U is a property of acts over monoids implied by Condition (P)) are regular will be characterized too. On U- (p) Acts : < , C!F# C!D2 "; : Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics : Vol E, No 7 : '(() : : In this paper we introduce a new property of acts over monoids, called U- (P), which is an extension of Condition (P), and give a classification of monoids by this property of their acts, and also when acts with this property imply others. Also we show that regularity and strong faithfulness of acts imply U- (P). An equivalent of that over monoids for which torsion freeness implies U- (P) is given too. l -Fuzzy Contractive and t-Uniformly Continuity : R.Chobin 43 I ... G # : International Review of Fuzzy Mathematics : Vol %,No ' : '(() : : In this paper, we consider the £-fuzzy metric spaces. Also, we give t-uniformly continuity and its equivalence statements. Moreover, we introduce the concept of £-fuzzy contractive. Finally, we give the relation between contractive on metric space and £-fuzzy contractive on £-fuzzy metric space Solving Interval and Fuzzy Multi Objective Linrer : Programming Problem by Necessarily Efficiency Points - 26 J! GF ! CF# : International Mathematical Forum : % : '(() : : In this paper we focus on a kind of linear programming with fuzzy numbers and multiple objectives. First by using α -cuts and fuzzy ranking ,we transform these problems to multi objective problem with fuzzy coefficients and crisp constraint then define necessarily efficiency points for new problem and for solving the problem try to find all of these necessarily efficiency points . !" #$ % & ' ()* +, : $ - .$/0 (1$ 2 13 24 : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ ; 1< :9 : A Finite Difference scheme for Stochastic Parabolic : Differential equations - .$/0 (1$ 3 ( % A $ B2 13 24 : -0 %, $. CD 3 !" #$ . 3 & D : -1 E : =>?@ : : The present article focuses on the use of a finite difference methods in order to approximate the solutions of It widehat{o} Stochastic parabolic differential equations. the main notations of deterministic difference methods, i.e. convergence, consistency, and stability are developed for the stochastic case. First, we prove the stability and consistency of the method, and then the method be applied to approximate a parabolic SPDE. Approximation of Stochastic Parabolic Differential : Equations with Saul'yev Methods 3 ( % A $ - .$/0 (1$ B2 13 24 : -0 %, $. CD 3 !" #$ . 3 & D : -1 E : =>?@ : : The present article focuses on the use of a saul yev scheme in order to approximate the solution of stochastic partial differential equations of Ito type, in particular parabolic equations. The main notions of deterministic difference methods, i.e. convergence, consistency, and stability, are developed for the stochastic case. An example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. A New Explicit SRK Method With Weak Order 1 for : Stochastic Differential Equations 3 ( % A $ B2 13 24 : - F ., & 1 3 : -$, : =>?@ +1I H ;G6 > : A Scale Invariant Moving Finite Element Method Based : on a Conservation Law +' J K -* 24 3 B2 13 24 : - F ., & 1 3 : -$, : =>?@ +1I H ;G6 > : 4#I (' L% + ( ?@ +1I H ;G6 > : O Gradient Weighted Moving Finite Element Method With : Local Time Step Refinement -* 24 3 +' J K B2 13 24 : - F ., & 1 3 : -$, : =>?@ +1I H ;G6 > : An Adaptive Level Set Method Based on Moving Mesh : for Time Dependent PDEs $4 P4 C$ B2 13 24 : - F ., & 1 3 : -$, : =>?@ +1I H ;G6 > : : In this paper, we propose an adaptive mesh approach for time dependent partial differential equations, based on a so-called moving mesh PDE(MMPDE) and the level set method. It means that the velocity of mesh nodes is calculated by MMPDE and is employed as velocity in the level set equation. Then, at each time level, the mesh points are considered as the level contours of the level set function. Finally the mentioned method is merged with local time step technique. On E'-Regular Acts : Q1, Acts over Left (Right) Chain Monoids : Q1, + .., % % X # +Y (% Z J 2 [ $ \+ +$ : ;3' W ]16 & S2 <, : 6 5K c $ CD 3 S + b +W : # I (R 2$ & S2 <, : 6 I 6+ Z .D$ [f ;3 CD 3 (, 1 C : + ^ 6 & S2 <, : 6 +I ; EW C JD $ LK : D3 [$ +' 6 (6 ;* : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ : : C L +Y (% (6< .# ;3 +I ; EW n (6< - A 1 (q C $ X = (⊕ X ) (X ) L 8 0 a∈I a 1 r % A a a∈I ..D ] 8 1 8 X # X .I% +I ; EW 5 a / s eJ ;3 +I ; EW X A 2, , G % L% + b +W : .6 X 3 C$ +' 6 (6 ;* : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ : : ( p) - (6J$ & .I% $ q G % L% + b +W/ % ABV L% + ( p) ( p) (6< ] % B ABV t DI .I% $ c3.$ ] s (% r % A s ABV C dv * ([J (q ;3 #% + BA (6< ] % uDK L% + BA ..I% $ ;3 +1I / D$ A ;%M hJ : & %+v (6 k +' 6 (6 ;* : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ : w / D$ A % 5 6 0 / xD A#% : & %+v (6 k +' 6 (6 ;* : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ : I c $ r % A ;<_$ 824 : \f (6 k +' 6 (6 ;* : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ : : r % A (% A C(K) / (, T 824 (% h+%$ s 3^q xD / A#% % (6J$ & ;<_$ T 824 c $ r % A (q BC%+I $ .I0 .I% $ L1 A + (% r % A s/ (q D6* C\f hQ$ % r % A BI% $ r % A + (% A C(K)/ T (q D6* .I% $ y .q (R% .;3 I c 5$ bW PR$ hQ$ % r % A BI% $ L1 A + (% r % A / . ;3 (D % 6+$ ) +$ hQ$ W ;6* (q $ $ / A#% e % 3% : \f (6 k +' 6 (6 ;* : -0 %, 5 6 0 . 3 & : 7 8 : =>?@ : : 2 ≤ P < ∞ (N D B % & I &$+ -+ (% h+%$ p ] (6J$ & $ -j. z_$ s %W0 .C .q $ 3% C1$ ( Af e % AXB − C /3 C . $ /.' .; f% 1 ≤ P < 2 / A#% % e % & (q C { The Necessarily E_cient Point Method for Interval MOLP : Problems | 24 ( $ 1 ; $ $ & * : The 20 th International Congress of The Jangjeon : Mathematical Society Uludag University, Bursa-TURKIYE : August 21-23, 2008 : : In this talk, we gave a necessarily e_cient point method for interval MOLP problems. In the most real world situations, an objective function is not satis_ed the decision makers goals and reduce the e_ciency of the models. Also the coe_cients of decision variables are not exactly known. One way to illustrated the uncertainty is intervals. In this paper we consider multi objective linear programming with interval coe_cients and solve it with respect to necessarily e_cient points. +, () ! "# " *# $% $% ! & ' +, . 5 12! 3 ! 4! . ( - #% / 0 +, *> 3 &7 ! "# " 6 ?0 89 : ;9/<0 & =93 ! +, . 5 17 !A ? 1% . ( @ !/C /B &7 9 / 0 +, 7 B/ "*)' !F / *23E> D = & 8) +, 3 $% ! H / *23E> G 0/3 I 0 ! ! +, K' ' ;= & ! J () , M <9! 7 L' +, S > ; ! " = NO 2 > " *3 *> + > ! & ! 9! E N?9 ( 9F ) & ' >/(P Q & =93 R97 "2' +, 3 H X <9 > B ( ... KE V J 3/ ! Y9 JC X <9 O! +, 83\F 17 & ] ([> Z ]! ^ !F _ ! 17 ( 9F ) +, / "F 0 EM ! & ! \` C +, = L _ ! 0E 17 & 93 0 ... ( - 93 a/b 17 ! ! / +, 23 8:/0//' H <93/ \` 6 +, 59= *> H F >/(P \` @ J :/0//' +, #]F # Q !F 3 ! PJ3 1' D J ' Compound / Matrix WKB +, / \0 % ;93 c*H EF G +, 8 7 !F $% ! / *23E> , %/P*3 & B/ "*)' ^ ( 9F ) $% +, e3 ; 17 ! d% 2!' 17 . ( + J0 (M 2!' / 0 ! "#$ )'&% 12 ( #-% 0 ٧ )'&% 12 ( #-% 0/ ٨ )'&% +* ( .-, 0 ١١ )'&% +* ( .-, 0/ ١ *( 3- 45# )6! ١ (7 88 !"# $ '( ) %& * +, , - . / 0' !1( + - * - - / 0' 2"( 3 45 6. 7 - "' . 4 5 + 5 89"$ " # $%& '(& & ) * & + ,-. ! 12 3& 4 :/ =>/ CJC N *C & ) C1 9 ICJ)2 KL *? M9% O# )9N :/ =>/ +C R& "C. N ) *S# ? C& % TM9 F3- 79 UO 9 ?V2 IU :/ =>/ (MFe2O4) IN CU2 % 'B *CU % "-M ? M :/ =>/=/:Q :57 89& P : 5 : ?&@ 89& GX : 7 C% $C ) F %WD :'B C "C % C J9 C1 C7 9 YM ) ) . 3Z :/ =>/ :57 89& : : 5 =A/:/P6 : ?&@ 89& G[ : 7 C% $C ) F %:DD :'B C "C 9N! 9 9 ) 2 ]7 + ^ 9 9 F CC\& M9% #N _C :/ =>/>/P= :57 89& < : 5 :6=A : ?&@ 89& GH : 7 C% $C ) F %:DD :'B C "C The Anarak, Jandaq and Posht-e-Badam metamorphic : complexes in central Iran: New geological data, relationships and tectonic implications Gerard M.Stampfli ! " : Tectonophysics : #$% : &''( : : The Anarak, Jandaq and Posht-e-Badam metamorphic complexes occupy the NW part of the Central-East Iranian micro-continent and are juxtaposed with the Great Kavir Block and Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Our recent findings redefine the origin of these complexes, so far attributed to the Precambrian-Early Paleozoic orogenic episodes, and now directly related to the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. This tectonic evolution initiated by Late Ordovician-Early Devonian rifting events and terminated in the Triassic by the Eocimmerian collision event due to the docking of the Cimmerian blocks with the Asiatic Turan block. The “Variscan accretionary complex” is a new name we proposed for the most widely distributed metamorphic rocks connected to the Anarak and Jandaq complexes. This accretionary complex exposed from SW of Jandaq to the Anarak and Kabudan areas is a thick and fine grain siliciclastic sequence accompanied by marginal-sea ophiolitic remnants, including gabbro-basalts with a supra- subduction-geochemical signature. New 40Ar/39Ar ages are obtained as 333- 320 Ma for the metamorphism of this sequence under greenschist to amphibolite facies. Moreover, the limy intercalations in the volcano- sedimentary part of this complex in Godar-e-Siah yielded Upper Devonian- Tournaisian conodonts. The northeastern part of this complex in the Jandaq area was intruded by 215 ± 15 Ma arc to collisional granite and pegmatites dated by ID-TIMS and its metamorphic rocks are characterized by some 40Ar/39Ar radiometric ages of 163-156 Ma. The Lower Triassic sorkh Shale fromation of the Tabas Block, : East Central Iran: Succession of a Failed-Rift Basin at the Paleotethys Margin 0 12 3 ) *+, ) - ./ : Carbonates and Evaporites : Vol 23, No 1 : &''( : : The Lower Triassic Sorkh Shale Formation is a dominantly red colored marginal marine succession deposited in the north-south trending Tabas Basin of east central Iran. It is correlated with the unconformity- bounded lower limestone member of the Elika Formation of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran. The Sorkh Shale is bounded by the pre-Triassic and post-Lower Triassic interregional unconformities and consists mainly ofcarbonates, sandstones, and evaporites with shale being a minor constituent. Detailed facies analysis of the Sorkh Shale Formation resulted in recognition of several genetically linked peritidal facies that are grouped into restricted subtidal, carbonate tidal flat, siliciclastic tidal flat, coastal plain and continental evaporite facies associations. These were deposited in a low energy, storm-dominated inner-ramp setting with a very gentle slope that fringed the Tabas Block of east central Iran and passed northward (present-day coordinates) into deeper water facies of the Paleotethys passive margin of northern Cimmerian Continent. Numerous carbonate storm beds containing well-rounded intraclasts, ooids and bioclasts of mixed fauna are present in the Sorkh Shale Formation ofthe northern Tabas Basin. The constituents of the storm beds are absent in the fair weather peritidal facies of the Sorkh Shale Formation, but are present throughout the lower limestone member of the Elika Formation. The Tabas Block, a part of the Cimmerian continent in east central Iran, is a rift basin that developed during Early Ordovician-Silurian Paleotethys rifting. Facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Sorkh Shale Formation has revealed additional evidence supporting the Tabas Block as a failed rift basin related to the Paleotethys passive margin. Absence of constituents of the storm beds in the fair weather peritidal facies of the Sorkh Shale Formation, presence of the constituents of the storm beds in the fair weather facies of the Elika Formation (the Sorkh Shale equivalent in the Alborz Paleotethys margin) and southward paleocurrent directions of carbonate storm beds suggest that the low topographic gradient of the ramp in the Tabas failed rift basin was facing the Paleotethys Ocean, where the storms were generated. In addition, northward paleocurrent directions ofthe fair weather facies and northward increase in carbonate content of the Sorkh Shale sequence further indicate that the Tabas Basin was tectonically a part of the Paleotethys passive margin. It is apparent that relative sea level, basin geometry and tectonic movements along the bounding faults played significant roles during deposition of the Sorkh Shale Formation by controlling accommodation space and facies variations along the Tabas failed rift basin. New data about the Permian section and fusulinids in the : Kalmard area (Central Iran, Yazd Province) 4 5 )6 E.Ja.Leven : Permophiles : $% : &''( : New Fusulinids of the Moscovian Stage Found in Iran : 4 5 )6 E.Ja.Leven : Straigraphy and Geological Correlation : Vol %7,No # : &''( : : The described fusulinids of the Moscovian Stage are found in the Asad-Abad section of the Sanandaj-Sirjan tectonic zone of Iran. Five successive fusulinid assemblages are distinguished. Three lower of them belong to the Kashirian Substage, the other two to the Podolskian Substage. The section studied is correlated with most complete sections of the Moscovian Stage in the western Tethys. Two new species Fusulinella (Moellerites) pygmea and Putrella primaris are identified; in addition to nominative taxon, the latter includes new subspecies P. primaris compacta. Bolorian and Kubergandian Stages of the Permian in the : Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone of Iran 4 5 )6 E.Ja.Leven : Straigraphy and Geological Correlation : Vol %7,No $ : &''( : : Sections and fusulinids of the Bolorian (presumably) and Kubergandian (lower part) stages in the Sanandaj-Sirjan tectonic zone are described. Two fusulinid assemblages are distinguished in a most complete section near Sirjan. The lower one is represented by Skinnerella, Paraleeina, and relatively primitive Misellina forms, whereas Armenina, Kubergandella, and Yangchienia species appear in the upper assemblage and suggest its early Kubergandian age. Accordingly, the lower assemblage is attributed to the Bolorian Stage, although it is lacking fusulinids typical of this stage except for the primitive Misellina morphotypes. Fusulinids from the Tange- Darchaleh section near Qomsheh (Shahreza) are typical of the Kubergandian Stage. The described three new species of the genus Skinnerella are close to morphotypes known from younger (Murgabian) deposits and represent their ancestral forms most likely. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of tactile startle response in : recombinant congenic strains of mice:QTL mapping and comparison with acoustic PPI Ridha Joober Patricia Boksa !"#$ % : Journal of Genetics and Genomics : &' : (&)* : : Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a psychophysiological measure of sensorimotor gating believed to be cross- modal between different sensory systems. We analyzed the tactile startle response (TSR) and PPI of TSR (tPPI), using light as a prepulse stimulus, in the mouse strains A/J and C57BL/6J and 36 recombinant congenic strains derived from them. Parental strains were significantly different for TSR, but were comparable for tPPI. Among the congenic strains, variation for TSR was significant in both genetic backgrounds, but that of tPPI was significant only for the C57BL/6J background. Provisional mapping for loci modulating TSR and tPPI was carried out. Using mapping data from our previous study on acoustic startle responses (ASR) and PPI of ASR (aPPI), no common markers for aPPI and tPPI were identified. However, some markers were significantly associated with both ASR and TSR, at least in one genetic background. These results indicate cross-modal genetic regulation for the startle response but not for PPI, in these mouse strains. The Effect of Molecular Chaperone, Alpha-Crystallin, on the : Heat-Induced Aggregation of Beta-lactoglobulin + ,- .% : American Journal of Biotechnology : 0 (0) : (&)* : : Aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin occurs mainly via intermolecular disulphide bond exchange. Upon heating, beta-lactoglobulin aggregated which increased with increasing pH. The presence of DTT led to more rapid aggregation and precipitation of beta-lactoglobulin. Alpha-Crystallin prevented the aggregation of heat-stressed beta-lactoglobulin and was a more efficient chaperone at higher pH values. In the presence of DTT, however, alpha-crystallin was a less efficient chaperone due to faster aggregation of heated and reduced beta-lactoglobulin. Molecular and serological characterization of Iranian isolate : of Beet black scorch virus 234 567 R.Koenig : Archives of Virology : ('& : (&)* : : An isolate of Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) was obtained from Iranian sugar beet roots. Its genome organization closely resembles that of the previously described Chinese and North American isolates, but the nucleotide sequences of the three isolates differ considerably. Most of the nucleotide exchanges, however, are silent, and the Iranian and the Chinese isolates were serologically indistinguishable. Beets infected by the Iranian BBSV did not show black scorch symptoms, but severe root beardedness. This might have been caused by BBSV or the simultaneously present beet necrotic yellow vein virus, or both together. Density functional calculations of response of single-walled : armchair carbon nanotubes to axial tension !" # $ % : Computational Materials Science : &' : ())* : : The response of single-walled armchair carbon nanotubes (SWACNTs) to axial tension was studied using density functional calculations. A new response causing an abrupt change in nanotube structure at specific strains was detected. Atom rearrangement results in a lower energy than expected. The geometry of armchair nanotube plays an important role in the observed response, with the effect of curvature being important. There is a meaningful relationship between rearrangement strain and nanotube diameter. Rearrangement can be explained using the Poisson effect, which increases with the lateral displacement and is inversely proportional to nanotube index number. Antiarornaticity affects on the response of single walled : armchair carbon nanotube to tension !" ++ ,-. / # $ % # : Journal of Molecular Structure: Theochem : : ())* : : Antiarornaticiry of six-membered rings of a single-walled armchair carbon nanotube (SWACNT) and topological properties of electron density at ring critical points (RCPs) and central axis were calculated in order to study unusual structural and energetic changes along tension. Relative changes in nucleusindependent chemical shifts (NICS) and electron densities at RCPs are in a good agreement with unusual structural and energetic changes. The power of CNT to rearrange the structure and decrease the ring antiaromaticity makes it possible to reduce the energy and endure more strain before fracture. Interaction between some anions and deficient olefinic and : aromatic centers 0 ++ ,-. / # $ % : Journal of Molecular Structure: Theochem : *12 : ())* : : The anion-π interaction between Br−, Cl−, F− and H− anions and para-chloranil (P-CA) and ortho-chloranil (O-CA) have been studied by means of ab initio methods. The geometries were fully optimized at B3LYP, and MP2/6-31++G** levels by standard and counterpoise corrected (CP- corrected) methods. The binding energies obtained by standard method were corrected for basis set superposition error (EBSSE) and zero point energy (EZPE). Also, the B3LYP results were corrected by single point calculation at B3LYP/aug-cc-PVTZ level of theory. Although the distance between anion and ring is generally higher in CP-corrected method, the complexation energies obtained for CP-corrected structures are higher in comparison with BSSE corrected results obtained by standard method. The O–CA···X− dimers show higher complexation energies. The trends in the stability of complexes are alike in two series. Topological properties of electron density were determined using atoms in molecules (AIM) method on the wave functions obtained at MP2/6-31++G(d,p) level. The number and the nature of critical points (CPs) depend on aromatic ring and anion. Natural bond orbital analysis indicates that nX → π*CO is the most important interaction in these complexes. Anion-π interactions: CP-corrected vs. standard optimization, : AIM and NBO analyses 0 ++ ,-. # $ % : Molecular Simulation : Vol 34,No 7 : ())* : : The anion-π interactions between Br¯, Cl¯, F¯ and H¯ anions and hexafluorobenzene (HFB), 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCB), and tetracyanopyrazine (TCP) have been studied by standard and counterpoise (CP) corrected methods at HF, B3LYP, and MP2/6-31++G (d,p) levels of theory. The complexation energies were corrected for basis set superposition error (∆EBSSE) and zero point energy (∆EBSSE+ZPE). Also, the B3LYP results were corrected by single point calculation at B3LYP/aug-cc-PVTZ level of theory. Although the CP- corrected method results in higher distances between anions and rings, the standard method gives lower complexation energies. TCP···X¯ series gives higher complexation energies in both CP-corrected and standard methods. Topologitical analysis of the charge density ρ(r) has been performed by the means of atoms in molecules (AIM) method on the wave functions obtained at MP2/6-31++G (d,p) level of theory. The number and the nature of critical points (CP) depend on aromatic ring and anion. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis indicates that nX → π*CC and nX → π*CN interactions are the most important interactions for TCB (and HFB)···X¯ and TCP···X¯ complexes, respectively. A comparison of C-C rotational barrier in [2]staffane, : [2]tetrahedrane and ethane 340 # ++ ,-. / # $ % : Chemical Physics Letters : &55 : ())* : : Analysis of internal rotation about C-C single bond in 12]staffane, 12Jtetrahedrane. and ethane has been carried out using HF. B3LVP, B3PW91, MPW1PW91, MP2, QCISD and QCISD(T) methods combined with 6-31G**, 6-311++G** and AUG-cc-PVTZ basis sets. The calculated rotational barriers ∆E and the trend in them depend on basis set and method. Both hyperconjugation interaction, which stabilizes the staggered conformation more than eclipsed one, and stertc effect which is negligible in ethane and is comparable with hyperconjugation interaction in lzltetrahedrane and [2] staffane, cause the hindered rotation. In addition the ∆E values are in good agreement with electron charge densities calculated at central C-C bond critical point. A facile synthesis, dynamic H NMR, and theoretical study of : novel stable heterocyclic phosphorus ylides containing a tetrazole ring ++ ,-. #9 . $: ; # $ % #. #678 ! : :< Arkivoc : xvii : ())* : : A general and practical route has been considered for the synthesis of stable heterocyclic phosphorus ylides by a one-pot condensation reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and triphenylphosphine in the presence of -SH or -NH heterocyclic compounds such as 5-mercapto-1- methyltetrazole or 5-aminotetrazole. The stable ylides involving 4d-e exist in solution as a mixture of two isomers, while 4a-c indicate only one isomer. Dynamic parameters including ∆Η≠, ∆S≠ and ∆G≠ were determined on the basis of dynamic 1H NMR data. In addition, the assignments of more stable Z- or E- isomers were investigated using the theoretical calculations. Study of reaction between triphenylphosphine and activated : acetylenic esters in the presence of benzanilide and some its derivatives 4=<> $? . # ++ ,-. #9 . $: ; # 9 @ : Journal of Chemical Research : : ())* : : Triphenylphosphine reacts with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of NH-acids, such as benzanilide, 2-cyanobenzanilide, N-(2- acetylphenyl)benzamide, 3-nitrobenzanilide and methyl 2- benzamidobenzoate to generate stable phosphorus ylides. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2H-iminolactones and 3-hydroxy-2H- : pyrrol-2-ones from reaction between isocyanides and methyl 2-acetylacetoacetate A/B ++ ,-. / #9 . $: ; # 9 @ : Arkivoc : xiv : ())* : : A one pot synthesis of new lactam derivatives is reported from reactions between alkyl or aryl isocyanides and methyl 2-acetylacetoacetate in good yields. Synthesis, dynamic H NMR and theoretical study of aryl- : nitrogen single bond rotational energy barriers in highly functionalized 4H-chromene 3,-9# $ % #9 . $: ; # ++ ,-. # 9 @ #+8 =@ : E?@ $? A/B #C< D/ Arkivoc : xvii : ())* : : The reactive intermediate was generated by reaction between 2,6- dimethylphenyl isocyanide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to react with β-diketones such as 1,3- cyclohexanedione or 5,5- dimethyl-1,3- cyclohexanedione to produce the dialkyl 2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-5- oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3,4-dicarboxylate in fairly high yields 2a-c. The 1H NMR spectra of these compounds exhibited dynamic effects that are attributed to restricted rotation around the aryl-nitrogen single bond. The calculated rotational energy barrier (∆G≠) for their interconversion of these compounds equals (57.2, 54.0 and 55.7)±2 kJ.mol-1, respectively. In addition, theoretical study on the basis of rotation around the aryl-nitrogen single bond was investigated using ab intio method at HF/6-31G level theory. The theoretical rotational energy barrier for these interconversion were in a good agreement with the experimental rotational energy emerged from dynamic1H NMR data. Kinetic study and mechanism investigation of the reactions : between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylates and NH-acid such as Harman ? # F =8? # $ % #9 . $: ; # / G ++ ,-. : 8H Oriental Journal of Chemistry : (&(') : ())* : : The Kinetic studies were made of the reactions between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of NH- acid, such as harman. To determine the kinetic parameters of the reactions, they were monitored by UV spectrophotometery. The second order fits were automatically drawn and the values of the second order rate constant (k2) were calculated using standard equations within the program. At the temperature range studied the dependence of the second order rate constant (Ln k2) on reciprocal temperature was in a good agreement with Arrhenius equation. This provided the relevant plots to calculate the activation energy of all reactions. Furthermore, useful information were obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates) and also concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. Proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and steady state approximation and first step (k2) of reaction was recognized as a rate determining step on the basis of experimental data. Kinetic study and mechanism: an investigation of the reactions : between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylates and NH-acid such as 2-aminobenzimidazole by UV ? # F =8? # $ % #9 . $: ; # / G ++ ,-. : 8H Int.J.Chem.Sci : 5(() : ())* : : The works undertaken were to carry out kinetic studies of the reactions between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of NH-acid, such as 2-aminobenximidazole. To determine the kinetic parameters of the reactions, they were monitored by UV spectrophotometery. The second order fits were automatically drawn and the values of the second order rate constant (k2) were calculated using standard equations within the program. At the temperature range studied the dependence of the second order rate constant (Ln k2) on reciprocal temperature was in agreement with Arrhenius equation. This provided the relevant plots to calculate the activation energy of all reactions. Furthermore, useful information were obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates) and also concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. Proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and steady state approximation and first step (k2) of reaction was recognized as a rate determining step on the basis of experimental data. A Facile Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylides Derived from : 3,6-Dibromocarbazole and Kinetic Investigation of the Reactions by UV Spectrophotometry Technique ! #. # F =8? #9 . $: ; # ++ ,-. / : =8 =K 678 Heteroatom Chemistry : Vol 19 : No 7 ())* : : Stable crystalline phosphorus ylides were obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, in the presence of NH-acid, such as 3,6- dibromocarbazole. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon– carbon partial double bond, resulting from the conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. To determine the kinetic parameters of the reactions, they were monitored by UV spectrophotometry. The second-order fits were drawn, and the values of the second-order rate constant (k2) were calculated using standard equations within the program. At the temperature range studied, the dependence of the second-order rate constant (ln k2) on reciprocal temperature was in a good agreement with the Arrhenius equation. This provided the relevant plots to calculate the activation energy of all reactions. Furthermore, useful information was obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates), and also the concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. The proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and a steady- state approximation and the first step (k2) of reaction was recognized as a rate-determining step on the basis of the experimental data. Biologically active benzoxazolinone in reaction with : triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and theoretical study on the kinetic and mechanism investigation of the reactions 678 9 . $: ; # $ % # ++ ,-. / : Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal : ' (') : ())* : : The major objectives of the work undertaken were to carry out kinetic studies of the reaction between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of NH-acid, such as benzoxazoline. To determine the kinetic parameters of the reaction, it was monitored by UV spectrophotometery. The second order fits were automatically drawn and the values of the second order rate constant (k2) were calculated using standard equations within the program. At the temperature range studied the dependence of the second order rate constant (ln k2) on reciprocal temperature was in a good agreement with Arrhenius equation. This provided the relevant plots to calculate the activation energy of all reactions. Furthermore, useful information were obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and NH-acids) and also concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. Proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and steady state approximation and first step (k2) of reaction was recognized as a rate determining step on the basis of experimental data. In addition, assignment of more stabe isomers (Z or E) was investigated using the AIM theory. A Partical Method for Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylides : in the Presence of Polyacrylamide in Aqueous Media = E @ 9 . $: ; #@ @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : Stable crystalline phosphorous ylides were obtained in excellent ylids from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine , dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylats and NH-acids or CH-acids such as, 2- benzoxazolinone, pyrrole-2carboxaldehyde, benzotriazole, 5-methyl benzotriazole, 5-chloro benzotriazole, diethyl malonate, acetyl acetone, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and meldrum’s acid in the presence of polyacrylamid in water. The green and mild reaction condition ,medium to short reaction time, low cost, readily preparation are the main advantages of this method. Reactivity of verdoheme, [(OEOP) FeII (py)2] Cl, toward HX : (X=F, CF3CO2, CF3SO3) /@K M0 NH A$ #< ?@ AO #,0 0 #P- / G 6F : Journal of Coordination Chemistry : Vol 61 : No 21 ())* : : Reaction of verdoheme, [(OEOP)FeII(py)2]Cl, where OEOP is the monoanion of octaethyloxoporphyrin, with HX (X=F, CF3CO2, CF3SO3) has been studied in the presence of air, producing six-coordinate iron(III) product, [OEOPFeIIIX2] (X=F (2), CF3CO2 (3)) or fivecoordinate iron(II) oxoporphyrin compound, [OEOPFeII(CF3SO3)] (4). Compounds 2, 3 and 4 have been isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods. 1H NMR spectroscopy and magnetic measurements reveal that [OEOPFeIIIX2] (X=F and CF3CO2) are paramagnetic (S=5/2) and [OEOPFeII(CF3SO3)] (4) is also paramagnetic (S=2). Crystal Structure of (2,4-Dimethylphenylcyanamide)- : (octaethylporphinato)-iron(III), [Fe(oep)(2,4-Me2pcyd)] Brian O.Patrick < ?@ AO #P- / G 6F # NH A$ : Analytical Sciences : (& : ())* : : The molecular structure of the title compound, [Fe(oep)(2,4- Me2pcyd)] (where oep is dianion of octaethylporphyrin and 2,4-Me2pcyd is 2,4-dimethylphenylcyanamide), was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: crystal system, triclinic; space group, P1 and Z = 2, = a ,إ(c = Transactions, 14.1594(9 ,إ(b = 13.8021(9 ,إ(a = 12.3969(8 61.093(3)˚, b = 68.734(3)˚, g = 71.950(4)˚, R1 = 0.046; wR2 = 0.094 for all data. Dinuclear copper complexes with cyanamide derivatives as : bridging ligands @=4,/ $ @ # ? !" : Polyhedron : (Q : ())* : : Three mixed-valence copper complexes [{Cu(phen)2}2(µ-L)](PF6)2 (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, L = 1,4-dicyanamidobenzene (dicyd)), 1,4-dicyanamido-2,5-dimethylbenzene (Me2dicyd) and 1,4-dicyanamido- 2,5-dichlorobenzene (Cl2dicyd), and one dinuclear Cu(II) complex [{Cu(phen)2}2(µ-apc)](PF6)3 (where apc = monoanion of 4- azo(phenylcyanamido)benzene) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and electronic absorption spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. [{Cu(phen)2}2(µ-apc)](PF6)3 · 2CH3COCH3 crystallized in the triclinic system and both five-coordinate Cu(II) ions in the dinuclear unit are linked through a bridging 4-azo(phenylcyanamido)benzene (apc) ligand. The cyanamide group (NCN) of the bridging ligand is coordinated to Cu(II) ions through the cyano-nitrogen and amido-nitrogen. The bond length between Cu(1) and cyano-nitrogen is slightly larger than that formed by Cu(2) and amido-nitrogen. The angular structural index parameters, τ, for Cu(1) and Cu(2) are 0.9 and 0.5, respectively. The copper(II) atoms display a different geometry with a N5 chromophore group. The intra Cu Cu separation is 5.156(1) Å. All of the dicyd dinuclear copper complexes show radical anion absorption. A Novel Method for Preparation of Alumina-Supported : γ Rhenium-Cesium Catalyst, Re-Cs/ -Al2O3 =RG H9 @ 90 # @ # ? !" : Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering : Vol 27 , No 3 : ())* : : Alumina-supported Cs3[Re(C2O4)3] precursor has been synthesized for preparation of Re-Cs/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Cs3[Re(C2O4)3] has been prepared from the reaction of ReCl3 with H2C2O4.2H2O and CsCl in water. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopy techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis and 13C-NMR. The complex was supported on γ-Al2O3 by column chromatography. Cs3[Re(C2O4)3]/Al2O3 was calcined at 600oC for 6 h. Characterization of both precursor and calcined catalyst were carried out using XRD, BET specific surface area and thermal analysis methods (TGA/DSC). Characterization of the N–H···O═N and N–H···N═O H-bonds : in Nitrosamine Dimers @K B @ !" : International Journal of Quantum Chemistry : ')* : ())* : : Ab initio molecular orbital and DFT calculations have been carried out for three most stable dimers of parent nitrosamine (NA) in order to elucidate the structures and energetics of the dimers. The structures were optimized using HF, B3LYP, and MP2 methods with 6-311_G(d,p) and 6- 311__G(2d,2p) basis sets. At the optimized geometries obtained at MP2/6- 311__G(2d,2p) level of theory, the energies were evaluated at QCISD/aug- cc-pVDZ and CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ levels. The most stable dimer has two NOH___OAN hydrogen bonds and the least stable dimer has two NOH___NAO hydrogen bonds. The natural bond orbital analysis showed that the lpO(N) 3 BD*(NON) and lpO(N) 3 BD*(NOHb) interactions play a decisive role in the stabilization of the NH___O(N) hydrogen bonds in dimers. The atoms in molecules results reveal that the intermolecular NOH___O(N) H-bonds in dimers have electrostatic. Theoretical study of solvent effects on the conformational : preference in GH2FWH (W=O, S) using PCM and IPCM methods 8H S=T 9/ N/ #?@ # @ !" : Journal of Molecular Liquids : '&L : ())* : : The solvent effect on conformational stability and physical properties, such as dipole moment, chemical potential and chemical hardness in CH2FWH (W=S, O) has been examined using HF, MP2 and B3LYP methods with the 6-311 + G(d,p) basis set by applying the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and the isodensity polarizable continuum model (IPCM). All the conformers are stabilized in going from the gas phase to solution one. Gauche conformer, the most stable conformer in the gas phase, is still the most stable conformer in the solution phase. The electrostatic contribution to the salvation energy is mainly responsible for the changes of relative energies. The results obtained with these methods reveal that the anomeric effect decreases as the dielectric constant of medium increases. The energetic preference of gauche over anti in polar solvents (ε > 5) is greater in CH2FSH than in CH2FOH. Similar to the gas phase, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis shows that the effect of electrostatic and steric contributions involved in the Lewis term on stability of gauche conformers is still less important than the charge delocalization. Furthermore, the preference of delocalization effect over electrostatic and steric effects in the solution phase is greater than the gas phase. DFT study of the biphenylene-NO2+ complexes formed in : nitration mechanism @ !" : Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry : (' : ())* : : The most probable complexes formed in biphenylene (BP) nitration pathway have been investigated at B3LYP/6-31RG(d,p) level of theory in the gas phase. To obtain more accurate energies, single point calculations were carried out at B3LYP/6-31RRG(2d,2p), B3PW91/6-31RG(d,p), and B3PW91/6-31RRG(2d,2p) levels using B3LYP/6-31RG(d,p) optimized geometry. The six intermediates and one transition state were found before the subsequent formation of the arenium ion on the potential energy surface of the electrophilic nitration of BP. It was also shown that the position b in the BP is much more susceptible to electrophilic attack than the competing position a. The Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Charges from Electrostatic Potentials using a Grid based method (CHelpG), and Merz–Singh–Kollman (MK) charges and s-characters of atoms involved in the reaction mechanism were calculated. Inspection of charges in the moieties indicates that the positive charge in all complexes is chiefly located on the BP, which means that the NO2 moiety received the electron from the BP. To investigate the nature of BP–NO2 interaction in the five p-complexes, atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis was performed. The AIM results suggested that the BP– NO 2 interactions have an electrostatic characteristic. In addition, high electrostatic interactions were predicted in p-complexes in which one of the oxygen atoms of NO2 interacts with the BP. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) methodology has been applied to study the change of antiaromaticity in four-membered ring of BP upon complexation with NO 2 . The results based on NICS calculations show that antiaromaticity of four- membered ring decreases upon complexation. Interaction between O3 and H2O2: A theoretical study : @ !" %> U % : Chemical Physics Letters : &5) : ())* : : Four complexes were found as stable structures of O3–H2O2 by using B3LYP, MP2, and QCISD methods with a wide range of basis sets. The excitation energy of the O3–H2O2 complexes was calculated using time-dependent density functional theory. The natural bond orbital analysis and the Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules have been employed to elucidate the interaction characteristics of the O3–H2O2 complexes. Two different intermolecular interactions were predicted that participate in the formation of complexes, namely: conventional O H hydrogen bond and O O contact. The electron density, ρ, at O H bond critical point is strongly correlated with the interaction energy and Fock matrix element Fij. Effect of Hydration and Self-Association on the Reaction : Mechanism of Proton Transfer in Methimazole: A Theoretical Study B% / @ !" : bulletin of the chemical society of japan : Vol: '* , No:'' : ())* : : To investigate the effect of hydration and self-association on the reaction mechanism of proton transfer in methimazole (3-methyl-1H- imidazole-2(3H)-thione) and 1Η-imidazole-2(3Η)-thione, quantum chemical calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. The binding energies of complexes formed in self-assisted reaction are greater than H2O-assisted reactions. The results show that the thione complexes are more stable than corresponding thiols. The energy barrier for direct proton-transfer tautomerization reaction is significantly greater than self-assisted and H2O-assisted transfer tautomerization. Direct transition is more difficult than the water-assisted and self-assisted processes both thermodynamically and dynamically. The small negative value of H(r) obtained by AIM analysis at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level reveals some contribution of sharing interaction (partially covalent) to the S-HN bond. AIM data also reveal the partially covalent nature of S···H5 interaction and electrostatic nature of O···H6 interaction in the hydrated complexes. In the present complexes, results obtained by NBO analysis show that there is an increase in the σ* population of the N-H bond in A(C) and that of O-H bond in W upon dimerization. Methimazole-disulfide as an Anti-thyroid Drug Metabolite : Catalyzed the Highly Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides to Halohydrins with Elemental Halogens @ !" ! @ #@: # !" : Bull. Korean Chem. Soc : (2 : ())* : : Methimazole-disulfide as an Anti-Thyroid Drug Metabolite Catalyzed the Highly Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides to Halohydrins with Elemental Halogens. Atomic and electronic structures of finite single-walled BN : nanotubes: Hybrid DFT calculations B% / @ !" : Journal of Molecular Structure: Theochem : : ())* : : The structural and electronic properties of armchair and zigzag models of single-walled boron nitride (BN) nanotubes have been investigated by means of the B3LYP hybrid density functional method using 6-31G(d) basis set. The band gap, dipole moment, heat of formation, ionization potential as well as PDOS (partial density of states) for armchair and zigzag models of BN nanotube has been calculated. The atomic charge distribution and percentage of the s-character of N and B atoms have been determined by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) was also applied to characterize B–N bonds in nanotubes. The axial stretching of BN43zz nanotube has been examined by allowing B–N bond length to vary by 0.1 Å increments from 1.446 to 1.946 Å (≈35% B–N bond length). Electroreduction of Nitrocyclopropanes and Nitroaryl : Cyclopropanes J.M. Chapuzet #C.Cristea #F.Couture-Martin #A.Nassi # / : J.Lessard ECS Transactions : 'L (()) : ())* : : The electrochemical behavior of the substituted nitrocyclopropanes 3 (n = 1) as well as of the nitrophenylcyclopropanes 7 (n = 1) have been studied at a Pt electrode by cyclic voltammetry, microcoulometry, and preparative electrolysis in DMF-(n-Bu)4PF6. Electroreduction of 8 consumes one electron to give radical anion 8•-, which undergoes a homolytic C-N bond cleavage leading to the formation of the corresponding cyclopropyl radical and the nitrite ion. Electroreduction of 11 consumes 2 electrons. The radical anion 11•- is formed first followed by C-C bond cleavage (homolytic and/or heterolytic) of the cyclopropane ring leading to a distonic radical anion 5•-. The latter is reduced to the corresponding distonic dianion, which is protonated in the aqueous work up. An efficient, simple and expedition synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl- : 2-naphthols as drug like molecules for biological screening V4 B E @= !" #6=: @ : Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters : '* : ())* : : An efficient and direct protocol for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols employing a multi-component, one-pot condensation reaction of b-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and acetamide in the presence of ferric hydrogensulfate under solvent, solvent-free and microwave conditions is described. The thermal solvent-free and microwave green procedures offer advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up, excellent yield, recovery and reusability of catalyst. It is noteworthy that 1-amidomethyl- 2- naphthols can be converted into important biological ‘drug like’ active 1- aminomethyl-2-naphthols derivatives by amide hydrolysis. A modified reaction for the preparation of amidoalkyl : naphthols @= !" 6=: @ : Tetrahedron Letters : &2 : ())* : : An efficient synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols using FeCl3·SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst is described. This thermal solvent-free procedure offers advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up, excellent yields, and recovery and reusability of the catalyst. Silica supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2): an efficient : and recyclabe heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols V4 B E @= !" #6=: @ : Tetrahedron : 5& : ())* : : An efficient and direct protocol for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols employing a multi-component and one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and acetonitrile or acetamide in the presence of silica supported perchloric acid under solvent, solvent-free, and microwave irradiation conditions is described. The present protocol with HClO4eSiO2 catalyst is superior to the recently reported catalytic methods. It is noteworthy that 1-amidomethyl-2-naphthols can be converted into important ‘drug like’ 1-aminomethyl-2-naphthol derivatives by amide hydrolysis. One-pot synthesis of aryl 14H-dibenzo[α ,j]xanthene leuco- : dye derivatives G !" 9 / V4 B E #6=: @ : Dyes and Pigments : Q5 : ())* : : A novel, efficient, one-pot, and solvent-free method for the preparation of aryl 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene leuco-dye derivatives by condensation of 2-naphthol and substituted benzaldehydes is reported under thermal conditions. This method has the advantages of high yields, a cleaner reaction, simple methodology, convenient reaction times, easy workup and greener conditions. Sodium hudrogen sulfate as effective and reusable : heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols @= !" 6=: @ : Arkivoc : ii : ())* : : An efficient synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols using sodium hydrogen sulfate as heterogeneous catalyst is described. The thermal solvent-free and microwave green procedures offer advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up, excellent yield, recovery and reusability of catalyst. It is noteworthy that 1-amidomethyl-2-naphthols can be converted in to important ‘drug like’ 1-aminomethyl-2-naphthols derivatives by amide hydrolysis reaction. A Highly Efficient Method for the Silylation of Alcohols, : Phenols, and Naphthols Using HMDS in the Presence of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) as Economical Heterogeneous Catalyst V4 B E 6=: @ : Phosphorus Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : Variety alcohols, phenols, and naphthols were effectively converted into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ether with hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of zinc oxide under very mild and ambient conditions with short reaction time in good to excellent yields. Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate as Effective and Reusable : Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One-pot Preparation of 14H-[(Un)substituted phenyl]-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene Leuco- dye Derivatives V4 B E W/ @ #6=: @ : Chinese Journal of Chemistry : (5 : ())* : : NaHSO4•H2O has been used as an efficient catalyst for the one-pot preparation of 14H-[(un)substituted phenyl]-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene leuco-dye derivatives by condensation of β-naphthol with substituted benzaldehydes under microwave and thermal conditions. This method has the advantages of high yields, a green reaction, an efficient and cost-effective method, simple procedures, short reaction time, and easy workup. One-pot preparation of β–amido ketones/esters in three- : component condensation reaction using magnesium hydrogensulfate as effective and reusable catalyst V4 B E 64" M0 #6=: @ : Canadian Journal of Chemistry : *5 : ())* : : A one-pot, three-component condensation of an aryl aldehyde, an enolizable ketones or β-keto esters, acetyl chloride, and acetonitrile or benzonitrile in the presence of magnesium hydrogensulfate as an active, recoverable and reusable green catalyst is described for the synthesis of β- amido ketones/esters at room temperature. The key features of this methodology are simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and high to excellent yields. Alumina Sulfuric Acid: an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst : for the Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols V4 B E @= !" #64" M0 #6=: @ : Letters in Organic Chemistry : No:&, Vol: 1 : ())* : : An efficient and expeditious direct protocol for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols employing a multi-component, one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and acetonitrile or acetamide in the presence of alumina sulfuric acid as a solid heterogeneous acid catalyst under solvent, solvent-free and microwave conditions has been described. Ferric Hydrogensulfate as Effective and Recyclable Catalyst : for Mild Dithiocetalization of Aldehydes and Ketones !" W/ @ #V4 B E #6= @ #6=: @ : @= Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements : '*L : ())* : : Ferric hydrogensulfate has been found to be an extremely efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for dithioacetalization reactions. Carbonyl compounds have been successfully converted into their corresponding dithiolanes and dithianes derivatives in excellent yields at ambient conditions. The synthetic simple procedures reported in this paper constitute an exceptionally mild procedure for selective carbonyl protection. Environmentally Friendly Preparation of Amidoalkyl : Naphthols V4 B E G H< # ? =?> #6=: @ : Synthetic Communications : L* : ())* : : A new, facile, and cost-effective process involving the solvent-free synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols using a three-component, one-pot condensation reaction of β-naphthol, aromatic aldehyde, and amides in the presence of Al(H2PO4)3 as heterogeneous catalyst under thermal conditions and microwave irradiation has been described. This new approach has the advantage of consistently excellent yields and short reaction times. The catalyst has shown a very stable catalytic activity in the reaction conditions and also can be recovered and recycled. A three-component novel synthesis of 1-carbamato-alkyl-2- : naphthol derivatives V4 B E 64" M0 #6=: @ : Tetrahedron Letters : &2 : ())* : : A new one-pot, efficient three-component condensation of benzaldehydes, 2-naphthol, and carbamates in the presence of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of novel 1-carbamato-alkyl-2-naphthol derivatives under solvent-free conditions is described. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as high yields, short reaction times, and very easy workup. PPA-SiO2 Catalyzed MultiComponent Synthesis of : Amidoalkyl Naphthols V4 B E 64" M0 #6=: @ : Synthetic Communications : L* : ())* : : Silica gel-supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA-SiO2) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the multicomponent condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, 2-naphthol, and urea or amides to afford the corresponding 1- amidoalkyl-2-naphthols in good to excellent yields. This new approach consistently had short reaction times, high conversions, clean reaction profiles, and simple experimental and workup procedures. Ferric Hydrogensulfate Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl 14H- : Dibenzo[a,j]xanthene Derivatives under Thermal and Solvent- Free Conditions V4 B E 6=: @ : Journal of Brazilian Chemical Society : Vol '2, No 1 : ())* : : Ferric hydrogensulfate as catalyst has been used for the one-pot preparation of aryl 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives by cyclocondensation of β-naphthol and substituted benzaldehydes under solvent-free and thermal conditions. This method has the advantages of high yields, a cleaner reaction, simple methodology, short reaction times, easy workup and greener conditions. Silica sulfuric acid as an efficient catalyst for the preparation : of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones Y< ,-. V4 B E #6=: @ : Applied Catalysis A: General : L&1 : ())* : : Silica sulfuric acid as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst have been used for the preparation of 2H-indazolo[2,1- b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives from the three-component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, dimedone, and aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions in good to excellent yields and short reaction times. Silica-Supported Ferric Chloride (Silica-FeCl3) : A Reusable, : Easily Controllable Catalyst for the Protection of Hydroxyl Groups under Mild and Ambient Conditions 64" M0 V4 B E #6=: @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : Diverse alcohols, phenols, and naphthols were converted into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ether effectively with hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of silica-FeCl3 under solvent-free and ambient conditions with short reaction time in good to excellent yields. Work up procedure is easy, and the catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused. An efficient method for the silyation of hydroxyl groups with : hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) catalyzed by aluminum tris(dihydrogen phosphate) under solvent-free and ambient conditions / F4 =@ Z[% \] !=" #V4 B E #6=: @ : Canadian Journal of Chemistry : *5 : ())* : : ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option. Chemoselective Dithioacetalization of Carbonyl Compounds : Using Magnesium Hydrogensulfate as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst G H< V4 B E #64" M0 #6=: @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : Carbonyl compounds have been successfully converted into their corresponding dithiolanes and dithianes derivatives with 1,2-ethanedithiol and 1,3-propanedithiol in excellent yield at room temperature and short reaction times using a catalytic amount of magnesium hydrogensulfate. The synthetic simple procedures reported in this paper constitute an exceptionally mild procedure for carbonyl protection in ambient conditions. Preparation of Sily Ethers Using Hexamethyldisilazane in the : Presence of N-Bromosuccinimide under Mild and Solvent- Free Conditions V4 B E W/ @ #6=: @ : Chinese Journal of Chemistry : (5 : ())* : : A mild, simple, novel and highly efficient method for the rapid protection of various primary, secondary, tertiary aliphatic and aromatic alcohols using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in the presence of N- bromosuccinimide (NBS) as an active, inexpensive, non-toxic and readily available catalyst under solvent-free conditions is described. Trimethylsilyl ethers were prepared in high to excellent yields with short reaction time under mild and almost neutral reaction conditions. Alumina Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient and Recyclable : Heterogeneous Catalyst for the O-Silylation of Alcohols, Phenols, and Oximes 64" M0 V4 B E # ? =?> # G H< #6=: @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : Alumina sulfuric acid as a recyclable catalyst conducts the transformation of various types of alcohol, phenols, and oximes with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) to the corresponding O-trimethylsilylated compounds in good to excellent yields under mild and ambient conditions with short reaction times. The method is highly selective for the conversion of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols. Additionally, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least eight times without detectable loss of reactivity. One-pot synthesis of aryl 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene leuco- : dye derivatives G !" 9 / V4 B E #6=: @ : Dyes and Pigments : Q5 : ())* : : A novel, efficient, one-pot, and solvent-free method for the preparation of aryl 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene leuco-dye derivatives by condensation of 2-naphthol and substituted benzaldehydes is reported under thermal conditions. This method has the advantages of high yields, a cleaner reaction, simple methodology, convenient reaction times, easy workup and greener conditions. Alumina Perchloric Acid (Al2O3-HClO4) as an Efficient : Heterogeneous Catalyst for Modified Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Esters V4 B E ? =?> # G H< #6=: @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : A highly efficient and mild procedure for the trimethylsilylation of a wide variety of alcohols, including primary, benzylic, secondary, hindered secondary, tertiary, phenols, and oximes with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) using alumina perchloric acid (Al2O3-HClO4) as recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in excellent yields with short reaction times (3−65 min) under ambient conditions is described. Reaction in Dry Media: Silica Gel Supported Ferric Chloride : Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-octahydroxanthene Derivatives V4 B E 64" M0 #6=: @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : Herein, we describe a green procedure for the one-pot preparation of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives by condensation of dimedone and substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of FeCl3 -SiO2 as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst under microwave irradiation and thermal conditions. This method has the advantages of high yields, cleaner reactions, efficient and cost-effective method, simple methodology, short reaction times, easy workup, and greener conditions. A Mild, Simple, Efficient, and Selective Protection of : Hydroxyl Groups Using Silica-Supported Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate as a Heterogeneous Catalyst @ ^ V4 B E # W/ @ #6=: @ : Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon : '*L : ())* : : A mild, simple, novel, and highly efficient method for the rapid protection of various primary, secondary, tertiary aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, and oximes using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in the presence of silica-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4-SiO2), as an active, inexpensive, nontoxic, heterogeneous, and readily available catalyst under ambient conditions is described. Timethylsilyl ethers were prepared in high to excellent yields, with short reaction times under mild and almost neutral reaction conditions at room temperature. Chemoselective Dithioacetalization and Oxathioacetalization : of Carbonyl Compounds Using Alumina Sulfuric Acid as Catalyst V4 B E 64" M0 #6=: @ : Synthetic Communications : L* : ())* : : Carbonyl compounds have been successfully converted into their corresponding dithiolane, dithiane, and oxathiolane derivatives using a catalytic amount of alumina sulfuric acid (Al2O3–SO3H) with excellent yields at room temperature in short reaction times under mild conditions. This simple method is a highly chemoselective procedure for protection of aldehydes in the presence of ketones, and the heterogeneous catalyst can be recovered and reused several times without any loss of its activity. Silica supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2): an efficient : and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols V4 B E @= !" #6=: @ : Tetrahedron : 5& : ())* : : An efficient and direct protocol for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols employing a multi-component and one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and acetonitrile or acetamide in the presence of silica supported perchloric acid under solvent, solvent-free, and microwave irradiation conditions is described. The present protocol with HClO4eSiO2 catalyst is superior to the recently reported catalytic methods. It is noteworthy that 1-amidomethyl-2-naphthols can be converted into important ‘drug like’ 1-aminomethyl-2-naphthol derivatives by amide hydrolysis. An efficient, simple and expedition synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl- : 2-naphthols as 'drug like' molecules for biological screening V4 B E @= !" #6=: @ : Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters : '* : ())* : : An efficient and direct protocol for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols employing a multi-component, one-pot condensation reaction of b-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and acetamide in the presence of ferric hydrogensulfate under solvent, solvent-free and microwave conditions is described. The thermal solvent-free and microwave green procedures offer advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up, excellent yield, recovery and reusability of catalyst. It is noteworthy that 1-amidomethyl-2- naphthols can be converted into important biological ‘drug like’ active 1- aminomethyl-2-naphthols derivatives by amide hydrolysis. A modified reaction for the preparation of amidoalkyl : naphthols @= !" 6=: @ : Tetrahedron Letters : &2 : ())* : : An efficient synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols using FeCl3_SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst is described. This thermal solvent-free procedure offers advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up, excellent yields, and recovery and reusability of the catalyst. Silica-Supported Perchloric Acid (HClO4-SiO2): an Efficient : Catalyst for the Preparation of β -Amido Carbonyl Compounds Using Multicomponent Reactions V4 B E 64" M0 #6=: @ : Synthetic Communications : L* : ())* : : A new, one-pot, efficient, three-component condensation of benzaldehyde derivatives, enolizable ketones, acetyl chloride, and acetonitrile or benzonitrile in the presence of silica-supported perchloric acid as an effective catalyst for the synthesis of b-amido carbonyl compounds is described. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as good yields, short reaction times, and simple workup procedure. 3% ? < ]8 : +-G WG @> _ [8 3" : E : U : ())* : Application of Polypyrrole Coated Stainless-Steel Wire to the : Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Aliphatic Amines @,0 _ [8 3" : Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran : '2 (() : ())* : : The electrochemical coating technique was used for the preparation of a polypyrrole coating on a stainless-steel wire, and applied as a fibre for solid phase microextraction (SPME). The polypyrrole fibre was employed for analyzing four volatile aliphatic amines (ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine and pentylamine) in water by headspace SPME using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Results showed that this fibre coating is suitable for the successful extraction of the target analytes. The effects of the extraction parameters including exposure time, sampling temperature, salt concentration, and stirring rate on the extraction efficiency was optimized. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) was determined ≤ 4.3%. The correlation coefficient was satisfactory (r2 > 0.98) for the studied analytes. Detection limits were between 0.9 and 1.6 µg.L−1. Good recoveries (99-106 %) were obtained when spiked water and wastewater samples were analyzed. Direct Screening of Water Samples for Benzene Hydrocarbon : Compounds by Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography _ [8 3" : Journal of Chromatographic Science : &5 : ())* : : The applicability of headspace liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography is evaluated for the expeditious and reliable screening of tap and drinking water samples for selected volatile organic compounds (viz., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers, BTEX). The method uses 3.5 µL of n-hexadecane as extraction solvent, 10 min extraction time with stirring at 1250 rpm, at 20°C and 0.38 g/mL salt addition. The enrichment factors of this method are from 135 to 213. Limits of detection are in the range of 4.1-23.5 ng/L. The relative standard deviations at 0.05, 50, 200, and 400 µg/L of spiking levels are in the range of 0.61%-4.01%. Recoveries of six BTEX from drinking water at these spiking levels are between 95.4% and 104.4%. Direct Screening of ground Water Samples for fuel : oxygenates by headspace liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography $? `% @ _ [8 3" : Environ Monit Assess : '&Q : ())* : : The applicability of the headspace liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography (HSLPME/GC) for the expeditious and reliable screening of 68 well water samples for selected fuel oxygenates compounds, viz. methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), ethyl tertiarybutyl ether (ETBE) and n-butyl ethyl ether (n-BEE) has been evaluated. The method used 3 µl of 1:1 benzyl alcohol/1-octanol as extraction solvent, 20 min extraction time with stirring at 1,250 rpm, at 20°C and salt addition of a mixture of 0.3 g ml−1 sodium sulphate/0.1 g ml−1 sodium chloride. The enrichment factors of this method were from 171 to 571. Limits of detection were in the range of 77–110 ng l−1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) at 0.05, 0.50 and 10.0 mg l−1 of spiking levels were in the range of 1.28–6.80% with recoveries between 96.2 and 106.0%. Sixty-eight groundwater wells that were located near different gasoline reservoirs in eight largest cities of the Sistan and Balouchestan province were screened by the method. Eight contaminated wells were identified contained MTBE at levels between 0.3 and 1.7 mg l−1. In all cases, other target analytes were at low concentrations or not detected. T K 8 =RE] @ \ [ / H4] %@8 : _ [8 3" : T K 3/] P ] E : ( : ())* : : W<% % =$ @ T K =RE] 4? @ 8 =H < K !=G> % # 9 != @ ;4] a= ] ! G K #W/ > W/% \ [ / H4] D/] #bK =RE] % 6@ N" ;4] != %@8 #"-B ;= @ \ [ / " "d ?< \ [ / " e4= =RE] U H@ % W+" H > = R _ @ # - $ @ T K 8 .W/ <@ B f % @ #+8] Al(HSO4)3 Mediated for the Preparation of Primary : Carbamates under Solvent-Free Conditions G 6=< ? 9 . #A9 /@ : Scientia Iranica : Vol '1 ,No & : ())* : : Al(HSO4)3 as an acidic salt; and mild, convenient, and efficient reagent was applied for the conversion of compounds containing a hydroxyl group to primary carbamates at room temperature with high yield and purity, and without any epimerization under solvent-free conditions. Sem and Bet Methods for Investigating the Structure and : Morphology of Co-Ce Catalysts for Production of Light Olefins Z4 S/ A= # _ ? +8 : Aust.J.Chem : hi : ())* : : Co–Ce catalysts prepared by the coprecipitation method were tested for production of light olefins. The effect of different preparation conditions including the [Co]/[Ce] molar ratio, aging time, calcination conditions, different supports, and loading of optimum support on the structure and catalytic performance of different catalysts were investigated. It was found that catalyst containing 80% Co/20% Ce/15% SiO2, which was aged for 2 h and calcined at 600°C for 6 h, is the optimum modified catalyst for the conversion of synthesis gas to light olefins. Characterization of both precursors and calcined catalysts (before and after the test) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area measurements. The morphology of the catalysts was investigated by SEM and the surface areas of these catalysts were studied by BET. It was shown that all of the different preparation variables influenced the morphology and also the specific surface area of the catalyst precursors and calcined catalysts. NaHSO4! H2O as an efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for the : one-pot multicomponent synthesis of β -acetamido ketones under mild and heterogeneous conditions %> H 4" !" # ++ ,-. #9 . $: ; # G !" ^ / : A/B Arkivoc : ii : ())* : : A new, one-pot, four-component condensation of benzaldehyde derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, acetyl chloride and acetonitrile in the presence of sodium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst is described for the synthesis of β-acetamido ketones. Synthesis of some dipyrrolophenanthroline derivatives as : novel macromolecules ?+8 < A/B #@K H] U % #9 . $: ; : Arkivoc : ii : ())* : : Some N-heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazino[2,3- f][1,10]phenanthroline and dipyrido[3,2-a: 2',3'-c]phenazine can react with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give new helical compounds, which exhibit nonplanarity enforced by the crowding of the pyrrole rings. Green diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalised : trifluoromethylated γ - lactone phosphonate esters bearing a thioester or ketothiophene Mohamed Makha ++ ,-. #9 . $: ; # ] B /@ ? < : Tetrahedron Letters : &2 : ())* : : A facile diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalised 3-(1- diphenylphosphonylethyl)butyrolactone analogues, 3a–c is achieved from the reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, 2a,b, with thiolated and trifluoromethylated-1,3-diones, CH acids, 1a,b, in the presence of triphenyl phosphite. The resulting products, 3a–c, are obtained in high yields and characterised by 1H/13C, 19F, 31P NMR and X-ray crystallography. Stereoselective Synthesis of Helical : Dihydrodipyrrolophenanthroline and Hindrance Hexa tert- butyl carboxylatodipyrrolophenanthroline from Reaction Between 1,10-Phenanthroline and Dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates #@,M $< #C< D/ 3,-9 # / G ++ ,-. / #9 . $: ; : +8 =@ A/B J. Heterocyclic Chem : &1 : ())* : : High hindrance Hexa tert-butoxy carbonyl dipyrrolophenanthroline and helical dihydropyrrolophen-anthroline compounds were prepared from reactions between di tert-butyl acetylenedicarboxylate and 1,10- phenanthroline in polar solvents media. Stable phosphorus ylides and heterocyclic phosphonate esters : derivatives synthesised from stereoselective reactions between triphenyl phosphite and activated acetylenic esters %d W/$ @ / #. # ++ ,-. #9 . $: ; : R 90 Journal of Chemical Research : : ())* : : One-pot synthesis of stable heterocyclic phosphorus ylides 4a-j is reported in fairly good yields by the reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and triphenyl phosphite in the presence of strong NH-acids such as 2-benzoxazolinone, 2-indolinone and 2- mercaptobenzoxazole in aqueous media as an environmentally friendly solvent. The hydrolysis of compounds 4a-f led to stable phosphonate ester derivatives 5h-l. The configuration of compounds 5h-l (2S*,3R*) was determined on the basis of coupling constant predicted from the Karplus equation. Synthesis of Pyrrole Phosphonate Esters: Emphasis on Pyrrol : NH acids and Dialkylacetylenic Esters Substitution Mohamed Makha ++ ,-. # ]B /@ ? < #9 . $: ; : Iran.J.Chem. Chem.Eng : Vol:(Q, No:' : ())* : : Reaction of dialicyl acetylenedicarboxylates la-c and pyrrole derivatives 2a-e in the presence of triphenylphosphite (TPP) was investigated and the effect of the pyrrole substitution was established. Diastereoselectivity is observed with pyrroles, 2a-b, yielding phosphonate ester derivatives 3a-f and 4, and their relative configuration is determined by 1H/1C and 31p NMR and confirmed by single X-ray diffraction. Similar reactions with higher degree of substitution of the pyrrole, 2c, e showed no diastereoselectivity. 1 Dynamic H NMR study of rotational energy barrier around : the aryl-nitrogen single bond in γ -spiroiminolactones derived from reaction between 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of phendion G ! #C< D/ 3,-9 # ++ ,-. # A/B #9 . $: ; : +8 =@ Indian Journal of Chemistry : &QB : ())* : : The Dynamic effects are observed in 1H NMR spectra of highly functional γ-spiroiminolactones such as dimethyl-5-(2,6- dimethylphenylimino)-6'-oxo-5H,6H'-spiro[furan-2,5'-[1,10]- phenanthroline]-3,4-dicarboxylate and di-tert-butyl-5-(2,6- dimethylphenylimino)-6'-oxo-5H, 6H'-spiro[furan-2, 5'- [1,10]phenanthroline]-3,4-dicarboxylate. The calculated free-energy of activation (∆G≠) for restricted rotation around the aryl-nitrogen single bonds in γ-spiroiminolactones 4a and 4b amounts to (44.4 and 45.3)±2 kJ.mol-1 with first order rate constant (k=109.9 and 111.0 s-1) at appropriate temperature respectively. Facile diastereoselective synthesis of phosphonate esters : bearing cyclic or acyclic amides ? A/B 6d # ++ ,-. # ]B /@ ? < #9 . $: ; : Mohamed Makha Journal of Chemical Research : : ())* : : Phosphonate esters were obtained in excellent yieids from a 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenyl phosphite, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate and NH acids (maleimide, succinimide and N- phenylacetamide). The stereochemistry was established by solution NMR and single X-ray crystallography for two of phosphonate esrers. Dynamic effects of the maleimide moiety was observed and determined by 1H and 13C NMR. The free energy of activation is established for the rotation of the maleimide moiety around the N-C band in dimethyl (2S*, 3R*)-2-(2, 5- dioxo-2, 5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl)-3-(diphenoxyphosphoryl) butanedioate as 47+ 2 Kj/mol. A simple synthesis of stable phosphorus ylides containing : cyano groups, from the reaction between triphenylphosphine and acetylenic esters in the presence of CH-acid compounds ? a90 %d @K 8H H< # A/B #6=: @ #9 . $: ; : Arkivoc : Xiii : ())* : : Stable crystalline phosphorus ylides were obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, in the presence of strong CH-acids, such as malononitrile, and ethyl cyanoacetate. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. Novel multicomponent reactions involving isoquinoline or : phenanthridine and activated acetylenic ester in the presence of heterocyclic NH or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds ++ ,-. / @ @ #9 . $: ; #. : Mol Divers : : ())* : : Multicomponent reactions involving azines (phenanthridine or isoquinoline) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate were undertaken in the presence of heterocyclic NH compounds (indole, 2-methyl indole, 3-methyl indole, carhazole and 3,6-dihromocarbazole) or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as N ,N' -dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid, acetyl ace lone, 1, 3-diphenyl-l, 3-propandione and cyclopentan-L'I-dione to generate enaminoesters in good yields. Synthesis of Heterocyclic stable phophorus ylides from : reaction between triphenylphosphine and activated acetylenic esters in the presence of biological active NH heterocyclic compounds #. # ++ ,-. / # 9 @ #@ @ #9 . $: ; : j. H9 ? A/B 6d # ? d %+ # R 90 %d #678 ! Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal : '(') : ())* : : Triphenylphosphine reacts with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of biological active NH heterocyclic compounds, such as (2H) -3-pyridazinone, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolid- inone, 2,4-thiazolinedione, Rhodanine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole and 3-methyl- pyrazole to generate stable phosphorus ylides. These compounds exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon- carbon partical double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. Diastereoselective synthesis of phosphonate ester through the : reaction between activated acetylenic ester and heterocyclic NH compounds with biological activity in the presence of triphenylphosphite ! # S d k< # ++ ,-. / # 9 @ #9 . $: ; : 8H H 678 Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal : ' (() : ())* : 2,2'-bipyridinebutyldithiocarbamatoplatinum(II) and : palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, cytotoxicity, and rich DNA-binding studies @+0 +8 @/= 9 # %+ #R] @.4 !" : Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry : '5 : ())* : : Butyldithiocarbamate sodium salt (Bu-dtcNa) and its two complexes, [M(bpy)(Bu-dtc)]NO3 (M=Pt(II) or Pd(II) and bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivities, IR, 1H NMR, and UV-vis spectra. In these complexes, the dithiocarbamato ligand coordinates to Pt(II) or Pd(II) center as bidentate with two sulfur atoms. These complexes show 50% cytotoxic concentration (Cc(50)) values against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562, much lower than that of cisplatin. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was extensively investigated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. These studies showed that both complexes presumably intercalate in DNA. UV-vis studies imply that they cooperatively bind with DNA and unexpectedly denature the DNA at very low concentrations (approximately 100 microL). Palladium complex breaks the DNA into two unequal fragments and binds stronger to the lighter fragment than to the heavier one. In the interaction studies between the Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with DNA, several binding and thermodynamic parameters have been determined, which may provide deeper insights into the mechanism of action of these types of complexes with nucleic acids. Diphenylthiocarbazone Immobilized on the Triacetyl : Cellulose Membrane as an Optical Silver Sensor % @ l@ ? ^ m@ $: @n% #P- / G 6F #< ?@ AO : Turk J Chem : L( : ())* : : An optical sensor for the direct measurement of silver was developed. The basic element of this optode is the immobilization of diphenylthiocarbazone on a triacetyl cellulose membrane. This optode has a linear range of up to 40 µg mL−1 o f Ag+ ions, with a limit of detection of 0.01 µg mL−1. The response time of the optode was 4-7 min, depending on the concentration of Ag+ ions. - - - - A Comparative Study of Ag X (X=Cl , Br , I and N 3 ) Solid- : Phase Reactors for Flow-Injection Determination of Cyanide in Electroplating Wastewater % @ l@ ? ^ m@ $: @n% #P- / G 6F #< ?@ AO : Analytical Sciences : (& : ())* : : In this study, a rapid flow injection-flame atomic absorption spectrometry for cyanide detection was developed. Different AgX (where X is Cl(-), Br(-), I(-) and N(3)(-)) solid-phase reagents (SPR) were tested for indirect determination of cyanide. In a single-line FIA system, the cyanide was allowed to react with AgX SPR, which in turn changed Ag ions in AgX to silver cyanide complexes in a sodium hydroxide carrier stream. The eluent containing the analyte as silver cyanide complexes was measured by FAAS. The calibration curve was linear up to 30 mg l(-1) with a detection limit of 0.05 mg l(-1) for cyanides. The sampling rate and the relative standard deviation were <1.09% and >200 h(-1), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of cyanide in electroplating wastewater. Adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) on modified natural by a new : bolaform N,N,N,N',N',N'- hexamethyl-1,9- nonanediammonium dibromide reagent @K@ o + #P- / G 6F #< ?@ AO : Journal of Hazardous Materials : '11 : ())* : : The demand for effective adsorbents is to increase in response to the widespread recognition of the deleterious health effects of Cr(VI)-oxyanions exposure through drinking water. In this study, Cr(VI)-oxyanions uptake from aqueous solutions by a new bolaform N,N,N,N',N',N'-hexamethyl-1,9- nonanediammonium dibromide reagent-modified natural zeolitic materials from Zahedan, Iran, was investigated using batch technique. Spectrophotometry method was used for Cr determination. The Cr(VI)- solution concentration varied between 2 and 104 mg L(-1). It was shown that the Cr(VI) uptake strongly depended on pH. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) occurred in acidic media at pH<1.5. The amounts of Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increase in dose of both adsorbents and their contact time. Based on results an adsorption mechanism has been suggested. The adsorption data for modified zeolite using the amine was consistent with Langmuir isotherm equation and the equilibrium data was analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm. Magnetic properties of Fe-Ni nanoparticles prepared by co- : precipitation method ! "# $ % & '( $)*+ ,-,. ' : Journal of Physics : /01 : 0223 : : Many methods have been extended for the preparation of nanoparticles. One of the most important methods is the chemical wet process, e.g. the co-precipitation method that has been used for the preparation of Fe-Ni nanoparticles by the authors. XRD patterns show that the nanoparticles are amorphous before calcination and crystallized after calcination. SEM images show that the grain size of the Fe-Ni particles is in 50-300 nanometre range and that the texture of the nanoparticles after calcination was smoother than before calcination. Hysteresis loops show that the Fe-Ni nanoparticles are superparamagnetic before calcination, because the carbonate phase still exists in the sample, and that they are ferromagnetic materials after calcination. For 40Fe-60Ni nanoparticles after calcination, Hc = 0.12 and Bs = 4800 Oe, being very different in respect to the bulk 40Fe-60Ni alloy. Gold nanoparticle assemblies: Thermal behaviour under : optical excitation Bruno Palpant, Yannick Guillet. , Dominique : Prot Gold Bulletin : 0 : 0223 : : The optical response of materials based on gold nanoparticle assemblies depends on many parameters connected to both material morphology and light excitation characteristics. The optical energy absorbed is then converted into heat through different nanoscale energy exchange mechanisms. This heating subsequently modifies itself the optical properties. We investigate the interplay between the optical and thermal responses of nanocomposite media under its theoretical aspect. In this first paper, the thermal response of gold nanoparticle assemblies under pulsed optical excitation is considered. Both conventional and original modelling approaches are presented. We first underline the role of electromagnetic interactions between articles in a dense assembly in its linear optical response. We then show how the interaction of light with matrix-embedded gold nanoparticles can result in the generation of thermal excitations through different energy exchange mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate the possible significant influence of the heat carrier ballistic regime and phonon rarefaction in the cooling dynamics of an embedded gold nanoparticle subsequent to ultrafast pulsed laser excitation. Non-Fourier heat transport in metal-dielectric core-shell : nanoparticles under ultrafast laser pulse excitation B. Palpant S. Volz : Physical Review B : /04523 : 0223 : : Relaxation dynamics of embedded metal nanoparticles after ultrafast laser pulse excitation is driven by thermal phenomena of different origins, the accurate description of which is crucial for interpreting experimental results: hot electron-gas generation, electron-phonon coupling, heat transfer to the particle environment, and heat propagation in the latter. Regarding this last mechanism, it is well known that heat transport in nanoscale structures and/or at ultrashort timescales may deviate from the predictions of the Fourier law. In these cases heat transport may rather be described by the Boltzmann transport equation. We present a numerical model allowing to determine the electron and lattice temperature dynamics in a spherical gold nanoparticle core under subpicosecond pulsed excitation as well as that in the surrounding shell dielectric medium. For this, we have used the electron- phonon coupling equation in the particle with a source term linked with the laser pulse absorption and the ballistic-diffusive equations for heat conduction in the host medium. Either thermalizing or adiabatic boundary conditions have been considered at the shell external surface. Our results show that the heat transfer rate from the particle to the matrix can be significantly smaller than the prediction of Fourier’s law. Consequently, the particle-temperature rise is larger and its cooling dynamics might be slower than that obtained by using Fourier’s law. This difference is attributed to the nonlocal and nonequilibrium heat conductions in the vicinity of the core nanoparticle. These results are expected to be of great importance for analyzing pump-probe experiments performed on single nanoparticles or nanocomposite media. Gold nanoparticle assemblies: interplay between thermal : effects and optical response Bruno Dominique Prot Yannick Guillet : Palpant Gold Bulletin : Vol 5/,No 5 : 0223 : : Gold nanoparticle assemblies present an optical response which is very sensitive to different phenomena of thermal origin. In a recent paper, we have described how the interaction of light with matrix-embedded gold nanoparticles can result in the generation of thermal excitations. Here we show how thermal processes can affect the optical response of a nanoparticle assembly. We then connect both aspects and finally point out their involvement in the nonlinear optical response of nanocomposite media. This allows us to tackle two key issues in the field of third-order nonlinear properties of gold nanoparticles: The influence of the generalized thermal lens in the long laser pulse regime and the hot electron contribution to the gold particle intrinsic third-order susceptibility, including its spectral dispersion and intensity-dependence. :& "; < =. =* > 6 "+? +=6# ? Cu " !.6 789 : ( .# ",- @+,- &+ A B. ' : C # #)D : 1 : 0223 : : "+ ? p=3×10-6 Torr + + E6 + 9+ F G'9 H+ 6 . ? ]= 2.51 9 1.75 A? Y99 Anticlockwise rotation of the Central-East Iranian : Microcontinent and the Eurasia India Collisia : 33rd International Geological Congress : Oslo : August 2008 : : The anticlockwise rotation of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM) around a vertical axis is in good agreement with the indentation of Eurasia by the Indian plate since Eocene time. The following evidences may confirm this important tectonic event: 1- The insertion of the large Eurasian Anarak-Jandaq terrane amongst the Gondwanian Yazd, Sanandaj-Sirjan and Alborz, and several highly crushed suspect terranes in different scales encircling the CEIM 2- The Khur platform, an Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene sequence, developed in the northwastern part of the CEIM. No equivalents of such a thick unit are known from central Iran. Such a facies is only to be searched in the Kopeh Dagh, Caspian Sea basin, and North Afghan platform in N/NE Iran 3- Existence of an Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene ophiolitic mélange and thick Upper Paleocene-Eocene flysch and calc-alkaline volcano-plutonic rocks incorporated with each other surrounding the CEIM (coloured mélange of Stöcklin, 1968), whose mixing may mainly owe to block rotation are unconformably covered by the Lower Red Formation molasse. 4- Contemporaneous occurrence of Late Eocene-Oligocene volcano- plutonic assemblage inside the mobile belts is in favor of a syn-tectonic origin more than subduction-related magmatism. 5- The result of paleomagnetic investigations for the southern part of the Lut Block suggest an anticlockwise rotation of about 90° since the Paleocene and ending in the Miocene (Conrad et al., 1982). 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" j :OT . , - # .^ / .2- + ; : ! 4 ,+ : Q 4 : 5&67 : Confirmation of QTL Genome Scan by Microarray Analyses : in Recombinant Congenic Strainsof Mice Sengupta S Ridha Joober . , - # : 5th International Symposium on Genetics, Health and : Disease, , India : 17-19Feb. 2008 : : F2 QTL mapping for prepulse inhibition in mice : Joober, R Deguzzman, R .Boska, P . , - # : Canadian Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting : Canada : 11-14 August 2008 : : Mammalian acoustic startle response is a cross-species intrinsic reflex response that shows a type of plasticity known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI refers to the reduction in the startle response produced by the antecedent presentation of a low-intensity stimulus or ‘prepulse’. It has been shown that prepulse inhibition provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating found to be involved in a number of behavioural abnormalities, and hence is used as a model phenotype to identify the underlying genetic factors. We used two informative recombinant congenic strains (RCSs), identified in a previous study (Joober et al. 2002, Neuropsych. 27), based on the differences in the PPI compared to their parental lines, to map QTLs associated with PPI. These strains, coded B87 and B82, had the C57BL/6J inbred mouse strain’s genetic background (87.5% on average) and a random donation of about 12.5% from the A/J inbred mouse strain. We generated two F2 populations by crossing these RCSs with C57BL/6J. A total of 315 and 259 male F2 were generated from B87xC57 and B82xC57, respectively. These populations were first phenotyped for PPI and then genotyped for the candidate microsatellite markers. Our preliminary analyses, using the QTX mapping program (version B18), confirmed several loci, with the strongest association on Chr 13 (D13Mit148) in the C57xB87-F2 population (recessive model, P =0.0001). The variance explained by D13Mit148 loci is estimated to be 5%. Interestingly, mice homozygous for the C57BL/6J alleles had significantly decreased PPI at all prepulse intensities, except for 73 dB. Since the informative line we used to generate this intercross was selected because of its low prepulse inhibition compared to its parental strain, it is likely that this locus is interacting with another locus (or loci), yet to be identified, to decrease PPI in B87. These results indicate that QTL mapping is a powerful approach in identifying regions associated with quantitative complex behavioural traits. *"-+% b ! ! )$_% )$+ )$ ! B/ 8 j$J ! A : b , +P !$ # $X! ) ?+ ` $4 ,+; :E B+" : ) D ! 8 $ ,+ : ) - : 5&67 P x‹5 : : $/E . ?^ .! j$J B+ ! *"-+% b +4 _ Q +^ B% B8- )# !$ % ! # b , % B_ - B/ 8 j$J ! A B ! b , ,$ ... B ^ .BO% ! , ! -L t^ ,$Q !d B% . ! !P% ( + ! 2Q B ^ ,- B+ - <X B -L .Q ! A B/ 8 j$J ! A !+$P ! Q T- !] B% B+ - B% B / B"2 , m B% B8- % ) 4 (^ )22 +P !$ B$Q% % % . %! ! B/ 8 Q L% E! B 2+2; , 4 +% !% , g$ . CO % B| BO% ! , ! .$ 3 - 1 +"- , :$ B% B$ # )# 1 +"- *"-+% b % ! +% % !0 b" wƒ ,+ N- + )# B/ 8 Bƒƒ ,$ +% Y?8 !] B% .% b" B/ 8 ,$ 8 +$ * N Analysis of milk-clotting in Withania coagulans : )] X!+ ; ?+" :/8 .!^ v , . P b : th rd 15 National & 3 International Conference of Biology, : ) - 4 : 19-21 August 2008 : /%‹x !Q$" 30A B # : !^ v , : , + *"+% R ,+" : ) /+0] \% ! 4 : 5&67 x• xp : : % . Q ! =++H =*"?+Q +/X ) ,+|-^ ƒ /0 D^ c/% mw; . ,+|-^ c/% dƒ ! H ?Q 3 - ++‚- R q% - ! +% W f !+% ! (2-DE) /% !Q$=" W+=- .% D^ ! 8 ,+|-^ ?$ # :$ IJ$ W+=- , ! . D^ =e H B ! ,+|-^ !% 8 % dƒ AQ ,+|-^ 0 dƒ ! % B . ! ( $+ B B+ - % f ! ! +! ,+|-^ ?+" # % B/"O , ! .% ŒHQ B; ! b; ? 3 W L% 1:$ `! ! _ ./% !Q$=" :$ % ) ! Psoriasis vulgaris $^ ! +% R :$ B B+ - % + # 1:" 3 - .,$ .(TCA) + W+$ H - % I! S / dƒ ,- f ! ,$ /+ W+$ H - % I! 3E; B . B2 Z; . 3+= - ,+ 0"# ! D^ ,+|-^ %py $ +% ., % D . % W ,+|-^ .% D^ ,+|-^ , mw; B% ! A + # 1:" W f dƒ :$ BH b+ Comparition of Subunit Exchange of α A-Crystallin and its : Chaperone Action in Crowded System K2 A !# : 33rd FEBS Congress & 11th IUBMB Conference : ) : 5&67 +- 5x ‚" 7 : Amyloid fibril formation by k-casein in crowded system and : its preventation by molecular chaperones K2 A !# : " ,+% n : ,+ n : ,+ ? ^ : ) - 4 : 5&67 : : Amyloid fibril from the slow aggregation of intermediately folded protein states. In this study we have compared the kinetics of the protein fibril formation and its prevention (destabilized α-lactalbumin,αs-and k- casein) by α crystallin in the presence and absence of dextran (68 kDa). These target proteins are very different in their size, structure, organ and properties.bovine α- lactalbumin,αs-and k-casein from amyloid fibrils at low pH or in a reducing environment. An increase in the thioflavin T fluorescence intensity upon the addition of dextran as a macromolecular crowding agent reveals that the rate extent of amyloid were significantly increased. However, the effect of α-crystallin in preventing fibril formation was significant, although reduced in comparison with the absence of crowding. CpG Island Methylation of TMS/ASc and CASP8 Genes in : Cervical Cancer Mohammad Shekari . Ranbir CHander Sobti . - ! : Anju Huria 13 th ADNAT Convention International Symposium on : EpiGenetic Modifications of the Genome: Mechanisms and Implications India : 5&67 : : Gene silencing associated with aberrant methylation of promoter region CpG islands is an acquired epigenetic alteration that serves as an alternative to genetic defects in the inactivation of tumor suppressor and other genes in human cancers. - Aims: This study describes the methylation status of TMS1/ASC and CASP8 genes in cervical cancer. We also examined the prevalence of TMS1/ASC and CASP8 genes methylation in cervical cancer tissue and none - neoplastic samples in an effort to correlate with smoking habit and clinicopathological features. - Method: Target DNA was modified by sodium bisulfite, converting all unmethylated, but not methylated, cytosines to uracil,and subsequently amplified by Methylation Specific (MS) PCR with primers specific for methylated versus unmethylated DNA. The PCR product was detected by gel electrophoresis and combined with the clinical records of patients. - Results: The methylation pattern of the TMS1/ASC and CASP8 genes in specimens of cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissues were detected (5/80 (6.2%), 3/80 (3.75%)-2/80(2.5%), 1/80 (1.2%) respectively). No statistical differences were seen in the extent of differentiation, invasion, pathological type and smoking habit between the methylated and unmethylated tissues (P >0.05). - Conclusion: The present study conclude that the frequency of TMS1/ASC and CASP8 genes methylation in cervical cancer are rare (<6%), and have no any critical role in development of cervical cancer. Beet black scorch virus-ein Necrovirus als weiterer : Rizomania-Erreger? Molekulare und serologische Charakterisierung eines iranischen Isolates Koenig, Renate- ?+" :/8 Richert-Poggeler,K : Viruskrankheiten der Pflanzen : ) "# : 2008 : ! " #$ % & " ' $ " ( "$ )*+ "$ , : - . /$ 01$ . . #2 31 . 4* #5, .67 * ! : $! "1 8 % 59; ! 8 ! & ! 8 ! 2 !9$ :* : & : <= : : KJ ?J D# ! % *E # .FGH .I F (Carum copticum) & " ( % P8 !% % % 3M % N1 O ! % ' $ ! & 1 H .% 1 1 $ #$ : 1 " 9$ ! F & 95% & ! .! 1 R1 9 .&H- .& ! : .Q$ ($ *U1 ! 1 Q$% V W$ % ! X# 6 D3 6 .! ! ! :9 1 1! 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( !l7 1 ! 99H # m% :+$ " N;7 1 & 41 * !R gf+ % H ! 4 ( & " 9 NE .Q8 ^!; GC o$ p$ / " . % ( !+$ n Synthesis of Stable Phosphorous Ylides in the Presence of : Active Charcoal-Supported Triphenylphosphine in Aqueous Media 1 ^/ !7 6! .!- +! . 40*; : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : A Facial One-pot Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylids in : Aqueous Media * RU1 a q1 !7 6! . 1 ^/ .!- +! . 40*; : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : An efficient Method for Synthesis Of Stable Phosphorus : Ylides in the Presence Of Sodium Dodecyl sulfate in Aqueous Media 67 * ! * RU1 a q1 .!7 6! . % : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : An efficient Method for Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus : Ylides in AqueousMedia * RU1 a q1 !7 6! . 1 ^/ . 40*; : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Synthesis and characterization of transition metal and metal : oxide nanoparticles with ascorbic acid as reducing agent W3 e .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Electrosynthesis and Caracterization of meso-substituted : zinc octaethylporphyrin with pyrazine 0%s 61 !#; ft .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Novel : Dinuclear octaethylporphyrin Iron(III) Complex with 1,4- Dicyanamidobenzene Dianion as Bridging Ligand 5 9 !#; ft .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : III Novel Complex [OEPFe (2,4-Me2 pcyd)]; Synthesis and : Spectroscopic Characterization W3 e 8 "! er1 .#; ; .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and characterization of Lanthanide(III) Complex : with a new Azo-Schiff base ligand 3 0$ 8 "! er1 . U, 01 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : A novel dimeric iron(III) porphyrin complex containing 4,4'- : bipyridine as bridging ligand: Synthesis and characterization W3 e !#; ft . 5 9 .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Spectra study of interaction between zinc : octaethylporphyrine by 4,4' bipyridine and pyrazine bases 0%s 61 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Study of complex formation of heme analogue, : [OEPFe(SbF6)], with imidazole; Formation of monoimidazole complex [OEPFe(Im)(SbF6)] 1 $ 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Electrochemical Studies of New Derivatives of Heme : Iron(III) octaethylporphyrin with Weakly Coordinating - - - Anions (SbF6 , AsF6 , BF4 ) 1 $ 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis of New Nd(III) Complexes with N-donor ligands : 91 $ 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis of Uranyl complex containing a new azo-schiff : base ligand 3 0$ 8 "! er1 . U, 01 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and Characterizaton of several Nd(III) Complexes : with 4,4'-bipy and 1,10-phen 91 $ 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Isolation and characterization of new heme analogue with : weakly coordinating anion, [OEPFe(BF4)] W3 e 1 $ .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and Characterization of New Praseodynamium : (III) Complexes with 1,10- phenanthroline and cyanamide Ligands , + f3$ !#; ft .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Dinuclear Iron(III) Octaethylporphyrin with the Polycyano : Anionic Linker 1,4-Dicyanamido-2,5-dichlorobenzene: Synthesis, and Characterization 5 9 !#; ft .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and characterization of Octaethyloxoporphyrin : iron(II) hexaflouroantimonate and hexaflouroarsenate W3 e $!- " .8 "! er1 .#; ; .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and characterization of a new dimeric iron(III) : porphyrin complex containing pyrazine as bridging ligand W3 e !#; ft . 5 9 .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : C :1 p$ eU1 u7 ! " #$ % U 3*2 $9 49$ : :- 1 ! W3 e 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : &f o .Q! : $!% m0% !1 9H 3k ^4,. #$ ^ !s t*81 'E 5 - o$ " .Q8 ! M x$1 " #$ % '1 3*2 $9 49$ : W3 e 8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : &f o .Q! : III [OEPFe (Pz)2]ClO4 'y2 **1 !+$ 5*I1 3 : 5 9 !#; ft .8 "! er1 .`I1 $ + &k1 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : &f o .Q! : N98 (III) : 98!- N 2 , 'y2 *2 !+$ $9 49$ : [OEPFeIII(pcyd)] 1 $ W3 e 8 "! er1 .#; ; .`I1 $ + &k1 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : &f o .Q! : Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of - : [{Cu(phen)2}2( µ -dpcat)] (PF6)2 complex ! "! " $ 7 . " 7 :7 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Solvent dependence Study the electrochemical behaviors of : iron (III) prophyrins complexes 1v !$ " " 7 :7 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis, characterization of [Sn(dipic)(phen-dione)Cl2] : complex $M *+ 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of the effect of : co-ligand and metal on the metal-metalcoupling in dinuclear transition metal complexes ! "! " $ 7 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Anodizing of Aluminium and Coloring of the Anodic Oxide : Films on the Aluminium Surface 1 2 31 6! 6 . " 7 :7 .^6! 01 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Preparation and characterization of mixed ligand dinuclear : tpphz)Cu(phen)2](PF6)4 µ complex [(phen)2Ni( ! 0*; 6 !51 51 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and characterization [ Zn(dipic)(phen- : dione)Cl]NH4 complex % #a $ $ 7 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and Structural determination of : -tppz)(NO3)2] complex µ [(Cu)2 ( 97 % 01 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic studies of dinuclear : -tppz) Cl4] µ Zinc(II) complex [Zn2 ( # 93% U 01 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of Nin : binol complex !51 51 ! 0*; 6 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Synthesis and characterization of polypyridyl Ni(II) and : Co(II) complexes ! "! " " 2 8 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Five Coordinated of Cu(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6- : dione ! "! " $ 7 . " 7 :7 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Zinc chemistry with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione ligand : ! "! " $ 7 . " 7 :7 . 6! 6 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : . – :- o* N1 (II) e1 2 " - 'y2 q !% !+$ $9 .49$ : $ q2%2 Z]Y ; + 6!7 }* 1 &~1! .01 &7 . 6! 6 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : Q!Z&f o : Z]YZ:- q2 % (III) 2 " y2 !% !+$ $!% 3 : :1 :- – YY $ q2%2 ; + 6!7 01 &7 . }* 1 &~1! . 6! 6 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : Q!Z&f o : 'y2 !% !+$ $!% : [{Cu(phen)2}2 ( µ -apc)] (PF6)3.2(CH3)2CO !9#$ $ 7 . 6! 6 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : Q!Z&f o : Characterization of Hydrogen Bonding by Quantum the : Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) "! 6 7! :7 : th 9 European Conference on Research in Chemical : Education, , Istanbul- Turkey : 6-9 July 2008 : Synthesis and characterization of [ClCu(tppz)CuCl](PF6)4 : complex $ 7 *$! 31 . " 7 :7 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Electroreduction of Nitrocyclopropanes and Nitroaryl : Cyclopropanes Frwdwric Couture Martin, $ 6, Cecilia Cristea, Jean : Marc Chapuzet and Jean Lessard 213th Meeting 2008 the Electrochemical Society, , : Arizona : 18-22 May 2008 : Chemical composition of the essential oil from semenovia : suffruticosa 2 $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Composition of the essential oil from Artemisia (black : dermaneh) of Taftan Area 5/9 :1 $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Composition of the essential oil of Ferula Flabeliluba from : mashad 2 (, $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Composition of the essential oil of perovskia abrotonoides : from Taftan Area $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Composition of the volatile oil of Artemisia santolina from : Baluchistan 5/9 :1 $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Study of the essential oil of Myrtus communis from Taftan : Area !- e$! 68 $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Volatile Constituents of Stamen of Triticum Sativum by GC/MS : !- e$! 68 $ 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Studies of the Structure of Extracted Humic Acid from : Naharhoran Forest Gorgan's Soil Q$ :01 $ 6 : th 14 Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society : moscow to Saint Petersburg, Russia : 14-19 septamber 2008 : Studies of stability and reactivity of radical anion and : comportement electrochemistry of 1-carboethoxy-1-nitro spiro (2,5) octane in medium aprotic J. Lessard $ 6 : The first Regional Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry : & 3 o : &$ &$ &# 7 91! 9h! ' $ ^ 2 %1 6 Q;+ $!% : &G% 5/9 :1 & 8 !P% '! . $ 6 : p01 Q 3% 1 : " : & " : QR+ " % ! !+% k2 }9- : ! .92 1 &% ! QR+ : 4 t*%1 ^ 1" Q$ ! !+% 4 %1 60.1 V . $!% 3 / / 0 2 n % 2 $ $0 z 1 QM! ! ' $ : !2 (7 0/3 .0/5 .0/7 . 5 / 0/9 /9$ ! $ $ 1 HPC 1 QM! ! 4/% 2 & ^ 1" ! : %1 6 S + N;7 V . ! 92 ‚ ! 1 $ ! N 921 0/1. 91 • $ ^ 2 D % , % 6 S + % 2 % &# 7 2 : 9h! ' $ ^ 2 $!% : 3 %1 !- e$! 68 51 $ 6 : p01 Q 3% 1 : " : & " : perovskia atriplicifolia ' $ #2 2 $!% : %2 e1 $ 6 : 9$ 4y1 ! & RR : 23 : : Alumina Supported Perchloric Acid as a New Catalyst for : Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Ethers O9 M /1 "1 " . 1+ 38 .&a 6!7 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : Environmentally Friendly Preparation of 3,4- : Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones Catalyzed by Al(H2PO4)3 23 31 &97 ~; .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Zinc Hydrogensulfate as a New Catalyst for Modified : β Preparation of -Amido Carbonyl Compounds 1+ 38 6 .&97 ~; .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate as Effective Heterogeneous : Catalyst for the One-Pot Preparation of Aryl 14H- dibenzo[a,j]xanthene Leuco-Dye Derivatives "1 " 1+ 38 .01 Q$ 6 ! .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Silica supported zinc chloride as an efficient catalyst for : mild trimethyl silylation of hydroxyl groups "1 " 1+ 38 .01 Q$ 6 ! .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Preparation of 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones : O9 M /1 "1 " . 1+ 38 .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : PPA-SiO2 Catalyzed Multi-Component Synthesis of Novel : 1-Carbamato-alkyl-2-naphthol Derivatives O9 M /1 1+ 38 .&97 ~; .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : PPA-SiO2 Catalyzed MultiComponent Synthesis of : Amidoalkyl Naphthols O9 M /1 1+ 38 .&97 ~; .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : -amido Ketones/Ketoesters in β One-pot Preparation of : Three-Component Condensation Reaction Using Magnesium Hydrogensulfate as Effective and Reusable Catalyst at Room Temperature O9 M /1 1+ 38 .&97 ~; .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Novel Protocol for the Preparation of 2-Amino-4H-1,3- : oxazine and 2-Amino-4H-1,3-thiazine Derivatives Using Molybdic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst 1 e 01 Q$ 6 ! .O9 M /1 .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Novel Protocol for the Aminoalkylation of 2-Naphthol : Mannich Bases Using Sodium Htdrogen Sulfate as an Efficient Catalyst $ k91 01 Q$ 6 ! .O9 M /1 .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Phytochemistry studies of Withania coagulans in Sistan and : Baluchestan region + e1 !- „2 : . 4* #5, .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Ferric hydrogensulfate as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst : for Environmentally Friendly Greener Synthesis of 1,8- Dioxo-Octahydroxanthenes 1+ 38 919 ' 1 .&97 ~; .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Environmentally Friendly Preparation of Amidoalkyl : Naphthols &97 ~; 1+ 38 . "1 " .&a 6!7 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : 91* ! % ^!-$ ^#*$ &t! e$ $9 3 : Q8"% N%M :o !4* 2 o 92 q & 9 % (NaHSO4-Al2O3 ) &a 6!7 : & $9 2 $9!% :/ : 4 : Q!Z&f o : &G% &$ &$ 91"" 3% ! :49% 31 &14 " : " 8 12 M8 l8 " w1 "8 • $ 1 q9 $% " …%1 6!01 } 2 51 : Q" p01 3, "! 1 ' #92 :1 : & 3 o : HS-LPME in Combination with GC for the Trace : Determination of Isoamyl Acetate % !; 011 $ } 2 51 : Across Symposium on Advances in Separation Science, : International Conference * $ : 8-10 December 2008 : The First Example of Polymerization of Chiral Ring- : Substituted Aniline; Poly [2-(sec-Butyl) Aniline] 441 ^ * 7 3 17 . ; 61fh .e* $!1 6 : Faraday Discussion 139 : University of York : 26-28 march 2008 : : In recent years, there has been increased interest in synthesizing chiral conducting polymers mainly because of their potential applications in diverse areas, such as chemical and biological sensors, asymmetric electrochemical synthesis, chiral stationary phase for enantioselective liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, electrodes for enantioselective recognition or capable of performing bio-electro-synthesis, membrane separation technology and microwave absorbents.1-5 A series of chiral conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polytoluidine, polydiacetylene, polyisocyanide, and polyazulene, have been reported in the literature. 1-5 Among the conducting polymers, PANI is one of promising conducting polymers due to its high conductivity, ease of preparation, good environmental stability, and a large variety of applications as electrochromic devices, light-emitting diodes, chromatography, secondary batteries, electrostatic discharge protection, and corrosion protecting paint.Substituted PANIs have been investigated as a means of overcoming the limitations of PANI caused, primarily, by the difficulty in processing the polymer, which is largely insoluble in commonly used solvents. This lack of solubility limits the potential industrial applications of PANI. The use of substituents such as alkyl or alkoxy chains or polar substituents is seen as a means of improving both the solubility of PANI in organic and aqueous media, and the process ability of these materials.Preparation of chiral conducting polymers from monomers bearing chiral substituents has been extensively studied for both polypyrrole and polythiophene. 1-5 This approach to the preparation of chiral conducting polymers (namely the covalent attachment of chiral substituents to the appropriate monomer before polymerization) has, to date, not been used for PANI.Therefore, it is very interesting to prepare chiral PANIs by polymerization of chiral ring-substituted anilines, which has been not reported yet. In this article, we report the chiral poly [2-(sec-butyl) aniline], from chiral monomer of 2-(sec-butyl) aniline doped with (1S)-(+)-10- camphorsulfonic acid and HCl and then were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, HRMS, CHN, SEM, UV, GPC and XRD. (NH4)2S2O8 H NH2 * N * Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Such as : Tetrazoles, Imidoylazides, Aziridines, Carbamates, Sulfonamides, Iminophosphoranes, Sulfilimines and Chiral Polyanilines and Study of Their Intramolecular Motions e* $!1 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : Copolymerization of Chiral Ring-Substituted Aniline [2- : (sec-Butyl) Aniline] 441 e* $!1 6 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : The Synthesis of Bulky Substituted 1,5-Tetrazoles and Their : Studies of X-Ray and Dyanamic NMR Erich Kleinpeter 441 ^ $ 7.e* $!1 6 : -! o92 :1 : &* : YJJ@ : : The tetrazole ring system has attracted considerable attention in recent years, especially among medicinal chemists, as a potential surrogate for cis-peptide linkage, carboxylic acids, and others. 1-5 Indeed, the number of patent claims and publications related to medicinal uses of tetrazoles continue to grow rapidly and cover a wide range of applications: tetrazoles have been found to exhibit antihypertensive, antiallergic and antibiotic activity, and they are currently used, for example, as anticonvulsants and in cancer and AIDS treatment. 1-5 Tetrazoles are also applied in agriculture, as plant growth regulators, herbicides and fungicides, as stabilizers in photography and photoimaging and as explosives and rocket propellants. 1- 6 Another important application of tetrazoles is the preparation of imidoylazides. 7-9 In spite of existence of wide variety of potential application for tetrazole derivatives; it has not yet reported experimental or theoretical work for rotational energy barrier about C-C and C-N bonds. In connection with the synthesis of variety of tetrazoles and imidoylazides and study of their proporties, 7-9 we wish to describe synthesis of bulky substituted 1,5-tetrazoles 2a-b from amides 10 1a-b and their studies of X- ray and the dynamic NMR and stereo electronic factors that influence the interconversion energy barrier of the possible isomers, Scheme 1. Indeed, a thorough understanding of these contributions helps shed light on the structural and electronic factors responsible for the differential pharmacological activity of these compounds. Furthermore, these could led to the development of various of molecular scale electronic devices and machines such as brakes, switches, ratchets, turnstiles, gears, memory devices, transistors, motors, shuttles, scissors, rotating modules, muscles and transmission of stereochemical information.11 O N R H N N NC R Y SiCl , NaN NC 4 3 Y R CH3CN R 1 2 i a: R = C3H7, Y = Ph i b: R = C3H7, Y = CH3 The AIM, Importance and Methods of Asymmetric : Synthesis 441 ^ * 7 e* $!1 6 : 9th ECRICE : Istanbul, Turkey : 6-9 July 2008 : : Some fields of science have shown the motivation to move from theory to practice as the study of asymmetric synthesis. An observation which the phrase 'asymmetric synthesis' was alone a mechanistic curiosity in 1965 along with no seriously confidence about converting that to an important part of molecular synthesis in future but in spite of this consideration its progression rate was completely considerable. During the time more than thirty years the organic chemist has converted this mysterious aspect of synthesis into the main part apparently for each class of chiral organic compounds in more than 90% enantiomeric purity. Today there is still processed significant growth in its way. Furthermore our conception from many instruction principles make it necessary to introduce that for students to a special level just after initial acquaintance to traditional organic chemistry.Whearse there are many high level monographs and reviews covering special subjects, some of them would be utilized in researches, and don’t consider overally suitable as definitive text for students new to this area. It is hoped it can prove useful as an introduction for progressive undergraduate and postgraduate students in Iran and other places, moreover for industrial chemists who are not acquainted with the field.The origin of this argument is from five lecture courses on asymmetric synthesis presented to the final year B.Sc. and postgraduate students (MSc. and PhD.) at the University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Iran since 2000.It makes a new motivation to students in organic chemistry and will be the way for them to investigate more advanced texts and literature to enhance their knowledge from one of the most important fields of modern chemistry. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Phosphonate Esters Through : the Reaction of Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and Triphenylphosphite in the Presence of NH and SH Acids * !7 6! .* RU1 a q1 : & * !9$ : 4 - : 12 " ! o : The effect of preparation methods on activity and selectivity : of iron-cerium oxide catalysts in light olefins fuels synthesis from hydrogenation of CO e1 %% O% ( . } "1 2 : 17th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2008 : * $ : 49o91ZQ* 2 2 !4* 2 p 3 p "$ 93% : ` !8 l8 #IR1 . } "1 2 : 5 a " N 1 :1 : & - - o k- : ZY= : 39#* % 49$ " N % N Z: Q* 2 % z 1 3 !-$ j : " ƒ!4% 6!7 } "1 2 . l8 #IR1 : 5 a " N 1 :1 : & - - o k- : ZY= : 49o91Z: !4* 2 3 p "$ 93% : 91 1f$ 7 ` !8 . l8 #IR1 . } "1 2 : 5 a " N 1 :1 : & - - o k- : ZY= : 39#* % 49$ " N % 49o91Z: Q* 2 % !#*$ j : 91 1f$ 7 ! &f$! . " 7 :7 . l8 #IR1 . } "1 2 : 5 a " N 1 :1 : & - - o k- : ZY= : Effect of preparation conditions on precipitated iron : manganese catalysts for production ethylene and propylene %! 6 !3 !$ . l8 #IR1 .7 $ . } "1 2 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : : Effect of preparation conditions on the catalytic preformance : of cobalt manganese catalysts for production light olefines %! ` . IM .31 ƒ!4% . l8 #IR1 . } "1 2 . 891 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : : Application of SEM, BET, and XRD Techniques for Study : Structure and Morphology of Mixed Iron-nickel Oxide Catalysts over Different Supports " ƒ!4% 6! 7 . } "1 2 . l8 #IR1 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : : Characterization of Cobalt Nickel Catalysts by Using XRD, : TGA, DSC and BET Techniques !- e2 l8 #IR1 .!3 !$ . } "1 2 : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : : The SEM, XRD, TGA, and BET Method for Investigation of : Structure and Morpholo of the Co-Mn Catalysts for Fischer- Tropsch Synthesis %! l8 . } "1 2 .3!4% . 891 . IM .` : & 51 ' #92 : : &G% &$ o : : NBO Software; A Powerful Tool in Chemical Education : 7! :7 "! 6 : 9th European Conference on Research in Chemical : Education Istanbul- Turkey : 6-9 July 2008 : V % 2 2+ " #$ % - w9; d- " 49o91 9_ 48 3 gP7 : :7 &!_$ &- .8 "! er1 : & - ' #92 :* : & 3 : Modification of natrolite zeolite with iron(III) nitrate: : Application for cyanide removing from industrial wastewaters 8 "7 - `I1 $ + &k1 .8 "! er1 : & Q*}" * :% : 21 o : 4o Z N N N N' N' N' o 92 % †f; 5 a Q*}" %!2 : (VI) 2 3 gP7 Q3,! 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QM & "! 3%s, †f; %!2 : q9$ 4 &!_$ &- :7 .`I1 $ + &k1 .8 "! er1 : 4- Q59; ! : 8 1 : ! 3 7 1f$ " o : ( Otostegia Persica Boiss ) ! 51 ;9 :5 : M ; " " * #5, .8 "! er1 : ! & ! ! 8 UI91 : 7 1f$ " o : ˆf% :%2 " #$ % df68 " (Y+) 49o91 0I$ dP, q9$ 4 $!% : "! 2 ^56 " ` 1 &!_$ &- `I1 $ + &k1 . :7 .8 "! er1 : 4- Q59; ! : 8 1 : ! 3 7 1f$ " o : Determination of the Quasar Continuum for High Redshift : Highly Luminous Quasars C.S.Stalin R.Srianand P.Petitjean : XXIVth IAP Conference : : july !""# : : Determination of the quasar continuum is important to study the absorption lines because the latter are characterized by flux-independet optical depths. This is not obvious specially at low spectral resolution and high redshift where there is little unabsorbed continuum remaining in the Lyman-alpha forest. There are different methods to normalize the quasar continuum. But no systematic comparison has been performed yet. 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F@ % $k / G :@ Single Quantum Dost Emission Enhancement within Optical : Microcavity Pillars 41. 8$@ j $ $? : $4 1 0/ :4& 0@ : I- : <=#> 5/ V 1 > : : Controlling interaction of light with matter in a microcavity allows one to tune important properties of solids like e.g. the spontaneous emission rate or the spontaneous emission coupling factor into a laser mode [1-3]. Light-matter interaction effects could be investigated in semiconductors using quantum dot (QD) embedded in microcavity pillars (MCPs) [4]. Due to the three dimensional electronic confinement, the QDs excitons can be considered as the solid state equivalent of atom-like emitters [5]. The three dimensional optical mode confinement in the MCPs results in discrete photonic modes [4]. The energies of the QD excitons can be tuned e.g. by using dots of different sizes or by studying QD excitons at different temperatures, whereas the energies of the photonic modes are usually varied via the diameter of the MCPs. By decreasing mode volume the maximum field strength due to a single photon in the microcavities increases. Thus, QD MCPs could be used to study systems with individual QD excitons on and off resonance with photonic modes [6].The advantages of MCPs relative to other microcavities are that the light emerges in the normal direction to the top in a narrow solid angle (<12˚ for the fundamental mode in 1 µm diameter pillar). Also, it is relatively straightforward to isolate a single quantum dot in a pillar spectrally and spatially by reducing the density of QDs and shrinking lateral size of MCPs. However, in order to observe cavity quantum electrodynamics phenomena such as strong coupling with a single QD exciton or single QD lasing in these structures, a number of design and fabrication issues have to be addressed [7,8].In this article, we report results from temperature dependence photoluminescence (PL) experiments on the MCPs with circular and elliptical cross section. We present single QDs PL spectroscopy and coupling single QDs to a single highly polarized photonic mode. /. r$ / T.tR1I& 4:4@tR1I& $ $2B. .4( ;- : K1b u. T@ d 9kC@ %@ I& 47$ K1 I : 4 ? H. 5 06 ):P @ 8 94& 0; : 5 P ;( : : <=#> 0;/ : : 8*4,@21 /$& $1-& 5 4 / 11 RB. $ Co-Ce Co-Mm + $v 1- $ / C- ;. ;2.O7 $ f ^ 8*4,@21 ;4(@ MRI $ E.- $ $2B. + $v ;- / $ / r$ . @ $ 92. $@ .... ;4/&$ 4 2 $ & r$ 02;@ % .R.; H % u*@ ( 4 .R. 2 Co-Mn + $v ;- / -]]K- $& 0 $ & R. /. r$ @ $ u*@ ( 2@@ E/ $ + $v 0 % & @ 5 SEM C- .R. ( 92. 5 % Co-Ce .R. ( 92. XRD r$ % + $v 0 4 Q - $2B. % 0E- / .(/ @ Cooling Dynamics of a Gold Nanoparticle in a Host Medium : Under Ultrafast Laser Pulse Excitation: A Ballistic-Diffusive Approach Sebastian Volz & Bruno Palpant ($ 6@ : Proceeding of MNHT2008 Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer : International Conference Tainan, Taiwan : 6-9 January 2008 : : We present a numerical model allowing to determine the electron and lattice temperature dynamics in a gold nanoparticle under subpicosecond pulsed excitation, as well as that of the surrounding medium. For this, we have used the electron-phonon coupling equation in the particle with a source term linked with the laser pulse, and the ballistic-diffusive equations for heat conduction in the host medium.Our results show that the heat transfer rate from the particle to the matrix is significantly smaller than the prediction of Fourier’s law. Consequently, the particle temperature rise is much larger and its cooling dynamics is much slower than that obtained using Fourier’s law, which is attributed to the nonlocal and nonequilibrium heat conduction in the vicinity of the nanoparticle. These results are expected to be of great importance for interpreting pump-probe experiments performed on single nanoparticles or nanocomposite media. (CdS: In ) T4 / j^ T@ & 91. i% T 27 R/w 0E- : -$ ? DI- r$ / ( ;- (@ 0 ? %$ 0 61 I K@ $K@ : 5 - 27 8 94& 0 7 : 5;9b : : <=#> 0;/ <" 1 h : : R@D / =/h nm/s z4 / {B $ -$ ? DI- r$ / T@ & 91. i% ^ / T4 ^ -$ ? DI- r$ / 8~. . ( ;- :2 . H$ !!h @ $ }""nm I]- R(& :2. % ( $ f ^ CdS ^ $ !" nm , / .R. 2 $ E1k@ $@ j@ ? $ ^ 0 W m ufH ' (n,k) 27 ;2/w :1 .R. ( 92. XRD SEM 1 % ^ $2B. % 0E- RD$ E1k@ m .42 (<"<) K9b KH- ($ / (: ( $2B. $ ^ & @ 5 X -7 r 7 ^ 21 R@]@ .4&@ ,- !/g= eV- !/=V eV% T4 R@D 5 @ / 2 / ^ W ,- $ g×<"t! Ω − cm - #×<"t! Ω − cm % R. 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J% A!&. % R G +&. 9 q b :G( !?q 0 & ,= 9 .( I q $ . <=/ :'/ (CASQ) 3&9 !GG n? , ' &. A n? !&. % $ = ^ !G =* X ( @_ +9 ,K; 9 G 6t Y( ,= 9 . E9 ; R G +&. 9 EK q , ( C - &4=* , !&. A2 ` !&. J% -/ = & 2 , I* ( / ,-/ 5N q +&. q .: I n? o u A+9 ,K; X , X X&. $V3 ,G ! f+ .( / $V % ?- $ +% , b X 0+ $+i% G 0 v=* .: ( - !GG , ?( , , , X X&. $V3 & I !GG 0 ? n? ! 0+ .( ` & 2 !. ) , & ( & $ - ! !GG , ?( X&. o +9 ,K; X . *G Effects of Varying Response Formats on Self-ratings of Life- : Satisfaction $*w ' : Social Indicators Research : : Ntt7 : Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for Satisfaction and : Dissatisfaction Ratings; Multiple Group Invariance Analysis Across Scales with Different Response Format $*w ' : Social Indicators Research : : Ntt7 : : The current study evaluates three hypothesized models on subjective well-being, comprising life domain ratings (LDR), overall satisfaction with life (OSWL), and overall dissatisfaction with life (ODWL), using structural equation modeling (SEM). A sample of 1,310 volunteering students, randomly assigned to six conditions, rated their overall life (dis)satisfaction and their (dis)satisfaction with six different life domains. Each condition used one of six response formats, differing in (1) orientation (horizontal vs. vertical), and (2) anchoring (0 to 10, -5 to +5, and Not numbered). The results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) support a six-factor model of LDR based on satisfaction or dissatisfaction items. However, our findings indicate that the kind of response format used to obtain satisfaction and dissatisfaction ratings can affect the factor loadings. Our results indicate that the proposed models of OSWL, and ODWL fit the data well, and are able to predict OSWL and ODWL, respectively. Moreover, among six life domains, which figure as the latent variables in our models, psychological well- being was found to be the strongest predictor of both OSWL and ODWL ! 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" TA #"^ 7 ,/ " %" y ,A T , wS( & , 5 @6 ,/ "*@ ? r" / = " U . !" A G2 " U "* @ ? U U r" G !" : + , 5 2 ",3 0 G $"S Q 1" : 4 7 ] R - 56 7 " ) : G ,> ^ _ : 89:; 6 k8 kz : : @6 !" 4 R U "*@ ? U U r" & p 2" (= 7 " U 4+ Q & 6, U r" " .@ 2 U , 5 { 2 ,K TS & "A& E 4 & & <3 & " U "I 5 EJ -1 t< u i? " o0& ] & $= $. f^ & 6, U "*@ ? . " t ." " TA #"^ 7 ,/ " %" 7 . U & , ' & 5 @6 |2 7 U & 6, 4 V + 7 r" / = " U 4 & G2 v , .2 Q , 2 7> . !" A y ,A T , wS( & , 5 @6 ,/ "*@ ? Enhnacement of Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony : Optimization Techniques using Fuzzy Systems %&' ( ! )" # * !" #$ : IEEE International Advance Computing Conference : India : +,-. : : To improve the speed and accuracy of numerical optimization methods, this paper proposes a new technique, using fuzzy systems. Although the proposed method is employed to improve the efficiency of the genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization, it can be applied to any swarm intelligence methods. The main idea of this method is to control positive and negative feedbacks to achieve a suitable trade-off between them depending on convergence rate of the algorithm. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to simulation examples. /) 0 #1 # $ 0&2 0$ 3 )4" 5 6) 73% 6 8 : ) 9 :) 2 ; 6 < @ A 4# B A1C % = > ; ? 6!" : :$E? )" # D : @ : +,-. F + : : )G )4" 5 ;3% 6) ) H ; ; I J KL* M1 N O ;'< D ) "G KL* ;* % ; 6 7 )G 6 7 > ;P) N .0 > ;P) @%Q @%Q )G )4" 5 D 6) 5S ) H ; .> ) ) (#3 3% ) F3 0A /) N D > ;P) (#3 )4" 5 ;3% 6) @ G ;G F#3 ) * )G ) 0&2 0$ T&' 6 ) )4" 5 ;3% )G 9 ) L U 8 ) 6 < E$ 3> % S 3 ;G # 1 6) ) * ; < ) ;S 3 ) . )1 6) ) Q# $ .0 )) 9 I 0 *L1 01 6 Multi Dimensional and Flexible Model for Databases : A1C 6!" @ A 4# B : International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, : and Systems Sciences, and Engineering University of Bridgeport : 5-13 December 2008 : : This article proposes multi dimensional model for databases suitable for both transmissions of data over the networks and data storage in IT/IS systems. In this model there is no need to predict the complete structure of the databases. The structure of these databases can be changeable in any time as needed. In the proposed model, the structure of a record in a database can also be changeable without changing the structure of the other records. Users in this model are able to create any structure that other databases such as Relational model are not able to do. Furthermore the structure of the tables in the databases can be expanded in all the dimensions. Therefore, the model can minimize the time of data processing and can optimize the capacity of the employed memory in such databases. 45 !2 3 +, -. /0 & ' !" 0 / 1 + # $% &' #(" )* # !" &%$ ٣ ()' 23 %-' 10 ١٣ ()' 23 %-' 0 / ١١ ()' +* .-, 10 ٨ / 0 ,-. *+ '() 4- * ٣٩ 5 55 55 55 6 "#$ ! 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( )' " # ) $ #+ <) #4 " $ ' *& ' $$ ' > /[ + % & ' + ' + % & ! @ A+ #$ BC ! @ A+ - X"+ N330/N660 # ) # ]\[ . - NR/BR # ) ' < !& $ Continuous copper recovery from a smelter's dust in stirred : tank reactors !S$ >' % > &) > !' $ : International J. of mineral processing : 8^ : _``8 : : Bioleaching of the copper flue dust emanating from smelters at Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex (Iran) has been studied. At present, the dust is recycled to the smelters which reduces their efficiencies and increases the required energy for their smelting. In this study, a continuous system including a feed tank and two-stage aerated stirred tank bioreactors, each with a worked volume of 2.1 l was established. Mixed mesophile bacteria with different amounts of the dust containing 35% (w/w) of copper mainly in the form of sulfide minerals were used. The effects of pulp densities and residence times on the final copper recovery and redox potential were experienced. Despite of the oxidation of sulfide minerals (especially pyrite) in copper concentrates that produces acid, the process of dust bio-treating was net acid consuming. Lower pulp densities (2% w/v and 4% w/v) resulted in a stable redox potential in both reactors. However, increasing the pulp density to 7% (w/v) created an unstable redox potential in the first bioreactor. Final copper recoveries were calculated for pulp densities of 2%, 4% and 7% (w/v), were 89.7%, 90.3% and 86.8% with residence times of 2.7, 4 and 6 days, respectively. The promising results indicated that bioleaching is a feasible process that can be applied to copper flue dusts. Intrinsic Kinetics Study of Dimetyl Ether Synthesis form : Methanol on γ-Al2O3 Catalysts 'M P.[ B &) ,-. >' !'% <%M > 1\ 4 : Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research : 59 : _``8 : : A series of commercially available γ-Al2O3 samples were tested for vapor-phase dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME). The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Temperature- programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3- TPD), and Brunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET) surface area techniques. The catalysts were determined to be highly amorphous with similar porous structure. Catalyst screening tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor under the same operating conditions (temperature. T=573 K; Pressure, P=16 bar (gauge); weight hourly space velocity, WHSV = 26.07h-1). The influence of operating conditions on catalyst performance, as well as the stability of catalysts toward water. Was also studied. It was determined that γ-Al2O3 Catalysts with acidic sites whose acidity is very weak and/or moderate exhibit the best catalytic performance and stability. A new kinetics expression was developed for the dehydration of methanol to DME. The kinetics was observed to fit the experimental data accurately. An activation energy of 57.7 KJ/mol was obtained for the catalyst with the best performance. a% ' %( P\G P ,B& : ' "' B; &) ,-. : , 2 /3 "c b /3 # /?M : ^9 : 6789 : : id ") d$ 'j d d e/f > <(" ' 3 > g < > h& X"c ,% ' $ P\G i ") #+ < <) O% kG& :% ) ' l% ' %( ! + P\G X%(dM #d$ d4 X d+ !d $ ' d e/f X%(M .$% X%(M , M' $ 'j X"+ ' #dF/$ d "d P\dG d' ' ; d& Q$S N& & # &$ ! e/f' P\G 3 'j nJd $ ?G #% QF& Q1 #$ ,% . % ( g /3 < X%(M m3$ >U 4 >d&(%' 'j $ ,% ! e/f ' ' #+ > + P\G $$ ' #4 ' X + ,. ' + ' %( + % #+ ,% :$ ) #$ F O% . " < ' ! + h& 7` !d ' > d% ) #d $ p% + ! 1-2/3x -(1-x)2/3 = kt F P l% ' ' 7`` <(" 3 ><F _q`b_r9 'j > [' q` l% e/f $ > #;' . #S 69` X + < #S =/ !. !" - s !' g < ' ! # $ : c ]\M ! ' "' B; > &) ,-. : B [ V/3 : 2 /3 //1 ,$ #% : 9 : 6789 : : PH ' > !' F/ !. !" - + i Z1 /3 ' P0 QF& ! /; !$ ' p% 4% ' e #$ .$ F%0 1 '" g ! ' ,%& F% > W /J B% > i Z1 < ' $ !"N > $ !' %M =/ !. #+ &+& !' g #+ > " < kG& ,% O% . # $ #/. " ' > KS & < <("' > < > PH > $ ' vww $ <(" ' > u ; #J P . P /G ! Y . > l% ' & PH X"+ > ! t1 !$ U z M p% P0 QF& B !$ , Z" .-%'T > #S xyw $$ #/. " < #S 2 #/. ' > PH 4%'& X%(M . X"+ > < ' Y . $ ' g < <F . & %$ . ) $ {|. #4 ' " ?1I P\G 23 }; X% ) F ( ) %. = 2' & ! $ ~\ I %M : 4 T' . &) ,-. > ! : / !0 1 F& 2 /3 #/4 : q : 6789 : : ' ' N& X%(M }&& ' N& # ' F ( ) ~\ I p% N& #B1J ":% ) ' -+ l+ #$ F ( ) %. = 2' & ' M' $ /I ,+ ~ / I@ " . '$ < (" ' C #$ " ( ) ! $ # N& > , @ V" . + P + Q 3 . & i' V+ %. = 2' & $ #; & Q$S ! $ ' $( Q 3 #I /+ X + ' ! !" 4 -F ' > " ( ) %. = 2' & ! = 2' & ' $ 2 Q 3 " #+ ! #4 //G& '$ $ . MB ~\ I ,. + !" ! #4 B [ ' -+ ' % ) !" ( ) {? $ % ' . V+ <0 -+ %M ' %. <0 -+ ' M' %. = 2' & $ ! $ P M Q 3 $ #-% ' ~\ I ! %M Q 3 ,% > & '-$ ":% ) ' -+ ) $ %. = 2' & ' > , @ V" . * ( ) . + % X ' " ( ) <0 -+ ' M' ! ' Experimental Investigation on Hydrodynamic and Thermal : Performance of a Gas-Liquid Thermosyphon Heat Exchanger in a Pilot Plant ! I G 3 ,-. > &) ,-. >!$) /3 U' ,-. : Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering : Vol _9 , No 7 : _``8 : : waste heat recovery is very important, because not only it reduces the expenditure of heat generation, but also it is of high priority in environmental consideration, such as reduction in greenhouse gases. One of the devices is used in waste heat recovery is heat pipe heat exchanger. An experimental research has been carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic and thermal performance of a gas- liquid thermosyphon heat exchanger "THE" in a pilot plant. The ε-NTU method has been used. The pressure drop has been calculated across tube bundle of the thermosyphon heat exchanger. It's module is composed of 6 "rows" and J 5 "columns" copper pipes ,with aluminum plate fins with dimensions of 130 cm "height ", 47cm "width" and 20 cm "depth" . The tubes have been filled by water with filling ratio of 30% , 50% and 70% .The density and thickmess of fins are 300 fin/m and 0.4 mm, respectively. The configuration of tubes is in-line with 30 mm pitch. The results show that as the ratio of Ce/Cc raises the amount of heat transfer increases. The effectiveness of heat pipe heat exchanger remains constant as the temperature of hot stream rises, but the amount of heat transfer increases. Filling ratio in normal region (30-70 %) has no effects on experimental results. A new correlation for thermosyphon heat exchanger with individual finned tubes and in-line geometry has been proposed for calculating pressure drop across tube bank of a "THE ". The error in pressure drop for 40 experimental points in the new correlation is less than J 5% . This indicates that the new correlation possesses an acceptable accuracy predicting pressure drop. Determination of pressure drop in wire mesh mist eliminator : by CFD ' • 3 > .' "' : Chemical Engineering and Processing : 59 : _``8 : : With this article, pressure drop was presicted in a mist pad by CFD and compared with the available experimental data and empirical model. A CFD study was made to determine the pressure drop of wire mesh mist eliminator as a function of broad ranges of intel velocity 1-7 m/s. The simulation was carried out in an industrial scale layered type demister pad made of stainless steel wires. These variables were measured as a function of vapor velocity (1-7 m/s), packing density (200 kg/m3), pad thickness (200 mm) and distance between mesh wires of (5 mm). The numerical solutions were carried out using spreadsheet and commercial CFD code FLUENT 6.0. The CFD simulations predict excellently the wire mesh mist eliminator pressure drop under intel velocity with a maximum deviation of 14% from the Farshband's refinery data and 21% from empricial formula. he efficiency of the demister is at highest at the gas intel velocity of 6 m/s. Comparison Between 2D and 3D Transient Flow Simulation : of Gas-Liquid Dynamics in Two-Phase Cylindrical Bubble Column Reactors By CFD .' "' G1[ /3 G : International Journal of Chemical Science : ^(_) : _``8 : : In this research paper, we evaluate the applicability of using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate a transient, two- dimensional axisymetric and three-dimensional dynamic Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase model and for the modeling of bubble column hydrodynamics in the homogeneous flow regime. A two fluid model along with the standard k- å model for turbulence in liquid phase is considered. Further numerical studies investigate the influence of additional turbulence production through the dispersed gas phase. The experimental data, with reference to the works literature experimental data of M.Dudukovic et al (1999) that was obtained via Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking System (CARPT) and D.Pleger et al (2001) works literature that was obtained via particle image velocimetry, allow for the validation of the model simulation. The comparison between experimental data and CFD modeling focus on the local axial liquid velocity. The simulations are done using Fluent CFD software. Reasonably, good quantitative agreement is obtained between the experimental data and simulations profiles defined points. Also these results will expect for the turbulent kinetic energy and the other variables profiles. Employing finer grids improves the description of the flow structure in the bubble column and the agreement with the experimental data. However, the computation power increases significantly and a compromise between efficiency and quality of results has to be found. Bioleaching of Copper from Smelter dust in a series of airlift : bioreactors !S$ > &) ,-. >' % R& > !' $ : Hydrometallurgy : ‚w : _``8 : : Bioleaching of copper from the flue dust of the Sarcheshmeh copper smelter has been investigated. A series of continuous tests were carried out in two-stages of airlift bioreactors inoculated with the acidophilic, iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria, initially derived from acid mine drainage. The effects of different parameters such as pulp density, retention time and temperature on the mesophile bioleach performance of the copper sulfide rich dust were evaluated after pre-leaching with dilute acid. Pulp densities of 2% and 4% gave the same oxidation–reduction potential in both reactors. However, increasing the average pulp density to 7% generated an unstable oxidation–reduction potential in the first bioreactor at 34 °C. Overall copper extractions calculated for 2%, 4% and 7% pulp densities were 90%, 89% and 86% with mean retention times of 2.7, 4 and 5 days, respectively. The process is net acid consuming and has the potential for further development and feasibility studies. CFD (1) as #$ ' ƒ !" pG ' <) '4 X '$ : G B <Z ' > s "M > s 2\ : s "c – /3 #% : ^8b : 6789 : : !$ V JI #" >! %M ƒ% [ ' X&) !" X gI ,% }S %$ B [ 4I'+ > % e $ ) l%( kC , + < +'+ 3 \ % $ # ; >l-%' Q/G& #%(4& ' e #$ > (1) X %M ! # ' . $ U T #+ $ #; & Q$S V mG$ l% >' !% !$ ƒ #+ C ' ' ) ; $ u f #$ & G l % #1 ,% ' .' ' <) <+ P % & >'4 X /BM ! 1 !" $ ! # O% k$J& . >P !" % ! # ' &'S !'($ < 3 ƒ !" pG ' '4 X # ' } !" ,& #$ 'S CFD #+ " < $4& .$ ' ' $) !" # W- 1 & W) {? <s # s !$ JI !" P #B & : %) ,% @ $ " ! %M ƒ% [ ) "e . <Z ' > s "M : %)M 4%&b /3 ??& # " : 6q : _``8 : : !" <%; #+ J% ' ' W- + 1 & W) + {? !" V - >X"c ,% ' . # M 'S '$ ' $ ( %) ,% @ % ) %) a% X$ !. ! %M ,$ $- f B Z Q $ #; %" V - , @ $ ! # $ ' ' }/f #+ &\ B < }%& !" Q. ' % .' ; ) Q. ' #+ &\RB JI ' R. < $ #&' [ ' # 1 .$ P S Q$S O% ' I$ ' #+ " P ' JI ' ?$ #" ' ) $ W ; > „G1 % V - ' ' … !" %) >QS. % " %) & # M 'S '$ kG& ' U T ,% #1 ,% ' #s " I W /J # $ W ; #$ 4 >' ƒ$& " #$ #F + K[ & JI !" P >V - ' %) ,% @ ' R. $ X"c ,% ' . a% >kG& O% $'+ < ,' !$ >( I) ' #A' ><+ # + ' e #$ >} {" Q$S X"+ ><) #4 ' #+ . # $ # M 'S '$ #B1J ' ":% $) #F ton 79/^ >!' & W) {? . ) $ $) # ,% !1 & W- M? W) <( ' ; & h ton . ! #1 % ; #M[ }; >X"s <( ,% >M% Q/& (%56/9 X"+) _6/r7 #$ h ton '-$ V4. #s > :% & W) {? ' ( 7 ' " !'+ ' 7`` !$) 66_,8_5 y . ! #e.\ Q$S Producion of Nanoparticle Assemblies by Electro-Spraying : and Freeze-Drying of Colloids: A New Method to Resolve Handling Problem of Nanoparticles !%S 4 [ T13 : Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering : Vol _9, No _ : _``8 : : To resolve handling problem of nanoparticles, due to their small size, a newmethodology of electro-spraying and freeze-drying was developed for colloidal nanoparticles of silica and titania to transform them to solid macro-scale nanoparticle assemblies. The assemblies were then redispersed in an aqueous system to investigate the effect of formulation of original solutions and the process parameters on reversibility of the system to a stabilised colloidal condition. The electro-spraying was employed to control the size of droplets and consequently the size of nanoparticle assemblies in the freeze-drying. High speed digital video recording of the spray process revealed that within a narrow range of voltage, the size of droplets reduced sharply to a minimum value, where a narrow size distribution was obtained. Non-destructive structural analysis of the freeze- dried nanoparticle assemblies using X-ray micro-tomography represented different structures of the nanoparticle assemblies depending on type of nanoparticles. The stability analysis of redispersed nanoparticles in water (using centrifugal stability analyser) and their size distribution (obtained by nano-sizer) showed different stability conditions. These conditions were affected by physicochemical properties of nanoparticle assemblies and process parameters. In terms of titania, it was found that with an appropriate formulation of PEG solution (as binder of assemblies) and optimum size of the nanoparticle assemblies it was possible to produce assemblies having adequate strength and good re-dispersion properties. Electro-spray of high viscous liquids for producing mono- : sized spherical alginate beads 2I G [ T13 > [ ,-G >2 . : Particuology : ^ : _``8 : : Alginate beads, often used for controlled release of enzymes and drugs, are usually produced by spraying sodium alginate liquid into a gelling agent using mechanical vibration nozzle or air jet. In this work an alternative method of electro-spray was employed to form droplets with desired size from a highly viscous sodium alginate solution using constant DC voltage. The droplets were then cured in a calcium chloride solution. The main objective was to produce mono-sized beads from such a highly viscous and non-Newtonian liquid (1000¨C5000mPa s). The effects of nozzle diameter, flow rate and concentration of liquid on the size of the beads were investigated. Among the parameters studied, voltage had a pronounced effect on the size of beads as compared to flow rate, nozzle diameter and concentration of alginate liquid. The size of beads was reduced to a minimum value with increasing the voltage in the range of 0¨C10 kV. At the early stages of voltage increase (i.e. up to about 4 kV), the rate of size reduction was relatively low, while the dripping mode dominated. However, in the middle part of the range of applied voltage, where the rate of size reduction was high (i.e. about 4¨C7 kV), an unstable transition occurred between dripping and jetting. At the end part of the range (i.e. 7¨C10 kV) jet mode of spray was observed. Increasing the height of fall of the droplets was found to improve the sphericity of the beads, because of the increased time of flight for the droplets. This was especially identifiable at higher concentrations of the alginate liquid (i.e. 3 w/v%). -1 < (%/ u' #$ $) #% !" ,%' !"' s' ' X s 4 : % #G/ %M ! G >!(%& ZM M >, s u : i' !' M 2 /3 "c /3 #% : 5 : 6789 : : < (%/ u' $ $) #% !" ,%' 1 & > JG -% e.\ " #$ #; & $ l '$ P + >X% !$ ! & '($ >X + 4 . # M 'S #; & ' -1 !" %)M V+ '-$ 3\C $ #+ ' ' % & ,% 4 . " X + ,% S 3 $ ' ( QF " <) V - ! #+) Q%& <( X + ! % > % <) !" ' kS % %)M } T%' P , M% >u' ,% ' V U T . + ')$ $ '3 " P ,% #+ %4) . $ G[ S $ %" ‰ #$ $% ' e #$ S #+ 1 #$ $ ' e #$ '3 2+" " <+ Š > QF& ! Z . MB <) !"$'+ U > 4 $ ' #1 ,% ' . V '-$ >$ # $ /J ) #$ < (%/ ":% ) ' +' ' X + 4 !$ 1 !0 # E $ =• ' . ! > % ) p% #$ #; & $ M 'S '$ ' <) '3 " ' Q 3 # M '+ #$ # -1 < (%/ ' +' l% ' \%+) Q& $ / 1 & ' P ,% <% . # M 'S '$ ' ":% ) O% $ >P F/3 G[ -1 < (%/ %M ' JIf !" %' $'s : , s u !(%& ZM M : 2 /3 # /?M : : 6789 : : ' Q%- ,%& V % . ' ƒ% [ ' B $'s !/ 'j 1 & ' [ #$ #s 's ,% !$ . $ %)M /3 G P ?G s P s> ,% 1 & 'j B& JS> 1 1 < ƒ% & >Q%& [' < Z" %)M !/s !"N % #eG1 #$ #eG1 #$ <%; 'M > < Z" >"N !G B& #s 1.' ,% . Q[. U\C ... Q/G& #%(4& !$ % & #$ 3\C ,% . $ ! Q$S on-line ( ( ! #eG1 ' [ I& #s off-line ( ( pI – <$ ' e ,% !$ # | ' . - Ms %)M %)M /3 G >Q1 ," #$ . ' < (%/ !" %)M !$ 3 #$ $ = ! #e.\ Q$S 2 !" =. >Q ,% Q. !$ <G # $ BT ; & Q$S {G P ?G s P as $ > MB ) stateobserver 1. !" %' #$ #s " =. ,% . s !'(M > N ')$ BS % {\ I $ #s s nG?& 2& a% #MT #$ %)M ! T%' ' !"N % > %)M M $ < (" ‹ ; ! #eG1 !" , Z" } 'S $'s ' I ' #eG1 " ' V - p% P ?G ? >}&& ,% #$ . s $ X ' ; V - /3 {G >, Z" s ' <) #$ ƒS #$ ' %)M ' N& < & ' ' Q%& [' >#1 ,% ' . 2S <) ƒM' !$ ) 1 & - ' 1 . Š > calorimetry ( ( 4 !" $ -1 u' #$ \%s Q& $ < (%/ !" as $ %' /3 G[ P high gain ( ( $ $ JI f %' p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`+& / + a =P 3D <& $ ` $+ @c ) A^ `+G E": c3 3D [\ `+G E": ) b+D @ _) / c + A3 ) = ` d$ \ ]: ) /e &+ =) `+G =A $ /e & /+ /L D + . c / + &0- $ @ `+G E": =[\ `+G E": + =<&+ + . f+ I . + E b&) D b+D _$ + '&e& ) A "C _$ 0 9 ) /& E": _ h" ` D /^ . /& < & . (: $ $ $^\- , ) ) / + & =P 3D <& $ < l . + =$^\- ) [\ $ _N m3+ /+ /L D + .%& ` /C& '&e&+ / 3 /& E": /& E": h" /+ $^\- ) _) / + &0- $ _N &n IF ) P 3D <& $ L =P 3D <& $ < l . /"- $. /L D $ ) `+& / + &0- $ 0 # *" /J: $ "#$ O$ 3 /1 i0 ) . & *" ! `"#$ %"&$ '( ) =`+& / + ) /"-& U&@- a b+D J1 / + $ 0 &' E": = Ri b+D / ) ,/ i &) + =%1: . a b+D P" ) %"&$ '( <& 3 E " < l .& ` _ JL F2 &' =[\ )i +G E": U&@- + /1 G P 3D . /"CC b+ D + 0 ,$) m+ %JCD U D & $+ 1g X&2 U&@- + = +& U 1 ) / + ) ) A1 & .-& G U&@- @ ) / + ) Numerical study of laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid : in a horizontal tube using two-phase mixture model : Applied Thermal Engineering : : : : Laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid consists of water and Al2O3 in a horizental tube has been studied numerically. Two-phase mixture model has been used to investigate hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of the nanofluid over wide range of the Grashof and Reynolds numbers. Comparisons with previously published experimental and numerical works on mixed convection in horizental tubes show good agreements between the results. For a given particles mean diameter the effects of nanoparticles volume fractions on the hydrodynamics and thermal parameters are presented and discussed. It is shown that at the fully developed region the nanoparticle concentration does not have significant effects on the hydrodynamics parameters. However, its effects on the thermal parameters are important. Concentration of the nanoparticles is higher at the bottom of the tube and also at the near wall region. Fully developed mixed convection in horizontal and inclined : tubes with uniform heat flux using nanofluid : International journal of heat and fluid flow : : : : Fully developed laminar mixed convection of an nanofluid consists Al O of water and 2 3 in horizontal and inclined tubes has been studied numerically. Three – dimensional elliptic governing equations have been solved to investigate the flow hebaviors over a wide range of the Grashof and Reynolds numbers. Comparisons with previously published experimental and numerical works on mixed convection in a horizontal and inclined tube are performed and good agreements between the results are observed. Effects of nanoparticales concentration and tube inclinations on the hydrodynamics and thermal parameters are presented and discussed. It is shown that the nanoparticles concentraltion does not have significant effects on the hydrodynamics parameters. Heat transfer coefficient increases Al O by 15% at 4 Vol. % 2 3 . Skin friction coefficient coniually increases with the tube inclination, but the heat transfer coefficient reaches an maximum at the C 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Effect of nanoparticles mean diameter on mixed convection : heat transfer of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube : International journal of heat and fluid flow : : : : Fully developed mixed convection of an nanofluid (water/ Al2O3 ) has been studied numerically. Two-phase mixture model has been used to investigate the effects of nanoparticles mean diameter on the flow parameters. The calculated results demonstrate that the convection heat transfer coefficient significantly increases with decreasing the nanoparticles means diameter. However it does not significantly change the hydrodynamics parameters. Nanoparticles distribution at the tube cross section shows that the non-uniformity of the particles distribution augments when using larger nanoparticles and/or considering relatively high value of the Grashof numbers. C 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Experimental study of onset of liminar-turbulent transition in : mixed convection in a vertical heated tube N.Galanis A.Laneville : International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer : : : : Unsteady phenomena were observed in the case of airflows approaching transition inside a uniformly heated vertical tube. An analysis of the experimental data at three Reynolds numbers (Re = 1000, 1300 and 1600) allowed to establish that: (i) A flow instability onsets at different Grashof numbers (Gr) when the condition Gr/Re > 1500 is achieved. (ii) The FFT of the temperature signal shows a peak at a frequency fD (0.45 Hz) when Gr/Re > 1500. (iii) This instability is associated to a thermal buoyant instability rather than to a thermal shear instability. (iv) This instability forms in the buffer region and then propagates towards the whole section of the tube as the Grashof number is increased. Fe-6Vol.%TiC ! "#$ %&' ()" : *+ ,$" -'& .#/ &$# 0#&1 : 2" 3 4 5%6 : 7 : 89:; : : Fe- ! "#$ %&' @%A * % ()" <=>/ ? # C# 5! DEA 3A 5! 2 6 , # F EA ! = 5& . #! 6Vol.%TiC ! JK # < .L * : ! #' H&' "#$ * % . 5 " G# ! *#A 2# *= #! .4 #M #! # 3A# 5& 5 ? . A *# < *= 5& L OA . N6 !# A, *# * / EA . ! "! *P/ QR+ *# *#!" *= 5& A! N1A . A .! "! = 5& ! 5S # 3A# *= 5& # < S 5T Improvement in mechanical properties of C300 maraging steel : by application of VAR process *0# &$ !' ?S$ . S$ &%' 0# : Vacuum : UV : 7WW: : : The prime objective of this research was to improve the mechanical properties of C300 maraging steels originally cast in the vaccum induction melting (VIM) and AIM furnaces by application of vaccum arc remelting (VAR) process. For this purpose two sets of C300 maraging steel with different amounts of Ti were cast in two different types of furnaces. Three bars with 1, 1.5 and 2 wt% of Ti were produced in the argon induction melting (AIM) furnace and two bars with 0.65 and 1 wt% Ti in the VIM furnace. Then all of the bars were subjected to VAR process in order to study the effects of this process on the reduction of N and O gases and inclusions, hence improvement in the mechanical properties. The results show that the total reduction of N and O gases in the bars cast in the AIM furnace was up to 40%, the amounts of inclusions irrespective of their kind reduced up to 30% while ductility and impact energy increased up to 40%. However, these parameters in the bars cast in the VIM furnace changed as follows: total gas reduction decreased by 12%, ductility and impact energy increased by 30% and 47%, respectively. So this research provides a very informative data base for those who are interested in studying the effect of VAR process on the mechanical properties of this kind of cast steel. ! "# #$% $&' ( )#* +(% , & -* .* : (/ * ( #*' &% 0 1 23 4 # 5 $6 7 5 #8 9! : ! :8 ' *8 ; < = ' 59 *8 > ' 0$ : *8 9 & : ?@AB : : C# , C' ! "# #$% D# , 3 $&' , 5EF4& 0 ( ()KJ- ) (# G C( 5 ( )#* +(% %! ( 8 )H! * $&' & , * ( * $&' C# 0 .! N#O . C & Al/P , & * $#& 3 $&' #*' 9# ,% .! P (, # BET NH3-TPD 5XRD 5TGA ?U barg ! 5@TT°C 59 &=Q R (/ * ( #*' 5& -* R ! "# #$% $&' C' 9 ,% X* . "7 WHSV= WU/TB h-1 9 Z$O #$% J $&' C( 8 2 $H! Y1 , 2 * ( =Q 5 ' .! 5 Al/P $# .! ( $&' [\ 1 C' 9 BET & X* . Z$O #$% C( ! 9.! C' 9 NH3-TPD & , C=<1 X* >H$( .( % [\ C' * $&' C# 9 "7 H$\ . [\ C* ' C( 7 *$&' =Q 0* ( 5( C* #3 R #* ]H^ , &_( 26 P $&' C' 9 C=<1 X* . 9 & -* .* ! "# #$% * $&' C# . ( )#* +(% ' ( `* 0* ( 9# Q C( #& . 9 )#* +(% ! $H! 0&_( Al/P =?/a $# ( ! 4\ `c3 , * ( *8 ` 8 , $' dc1 : 9 _ 98 E=\ O 9: 5! , # 2e 5 &% 0 1 : ?@AB 5C* ( ; < _#! 5 , R4 : 9 & : ?@AB9(% U a : : #O C( O $ 3#& *( Cf C$g , R4 0+ .=! #$% G #& 5^1 f . c , #3# ( ( / _% 0. f h=3 9# Q C( X( f * fO . C*! P ( # *8 ` 8, $f dc1 ( 4\ `c3 4\ `c3 ( /# * 8 5C* #8 2* ,% (. C*! P * # `i3 $! +&_ &. . C*! P ( # .=! C$ j=k l& 9 , 5`i3 F 5PH "&. , X( f ( $f `c3 Cf Z ;P CH$\ # 4\ `c3 / ( ( 5CH$\ # *j=k Cf 9 RL , 3 #*f! 5 ,% (. f H& *( +_ `6^! , % ( C ( R , * ( .( `#=\ X( f ( $f 4\ `c3 . % ( $f ( %Ua ( (( !c1 ,( "7 *8 ` 8 m ( ,% 5.* Optimization of Co/Al2O3 Catalyst to Produce : Petrochemical Olefins in Ficher-Tropsch-Synthesis 9#O , ' =Q 5 &% 0 1 5 ' : + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB i% : : In this research work, our purpose is to prepare and optimize Co/Al2O3 catalyst for production of lower olefins at high selectivities from synthesis gas (CO+H2). To achieve this aim, this catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation procedure at various ageing times and by applying moderate pressure. A fixed-bed steely micro- reactor and a coupled GC-MS apparatus were used to test and analyze the various products resulting from made catalyst, in different temperatures and inlet H2: CO ratio to optimize the reactor conditions of Co/Al2O3 catalyst are of considerable industrial interest owing to their activity for hydrogenation. Therefore, we optimized the best operational conditions for producing Co/Al2O3 catalyst so as to convert synthesis gas in to lower olefins and to determine other conditions such as ageing time, pH and temperature of deposition as well as Co: Al molar ratio to enhance the olefins selectivity. . + J$' ' o#= .$&' =Q ( ]=* - #Q /g& ( : $ C & q! \r , ' =Q 5 &% 0 1 5 F < Cp! : + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB i% : : ]=* &=Q R (# G C( C & . + – $f * $&f s=Q $&f C & R hf& / .! P ( # m $ C( .* , -& ( * $&f s=Q ( . 0H& (7& #\( * $&f s=Q ( f "7 R 0 u CFP @T C( Cf 0=88 _#r4 C( c8 . ( 9. 0&_( ( $&f 5 C & #*f C ( R Q BW ( $&f s=Q . 0H& C ( .$&f 9# H( Q ]=* & #8 / CH$\ , >8 . ( & ? ! +* C3 ?vTJ@aT 4 WUTC . `* C ( #8 9# H( , %WT ( Tio2 #8 5C ( .$&f s=Q ( `* C ( .$&f ( #*f s=Q R 0* ( 9# Q C( H2/CO = ? :? ( @ ! . . + J$' $&' ( 8& – ! ' * CH$\ : q! \r , ' =Q 5 &% 0 1 5 F < Cp! : + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB i% : : Co/Mn= $#x ( Co/Mn/30%wt TiO2 $&f ( CO 9# K xP s* x CxH$\ #x x(/ * x( = #*f m 121/2m2/g (( [\ 1 1/3 x( s* * & . "7 08 -& < .$&f $H! f "Q R H$\ .! x4 H2/CO =? W @ y #O $# (# G C( C*O $&f 9 % ( 3 2700h-1 q! Q * C3 ?vT JWAT 4 ( ?J?a ! x j !x< 3 xO =O i# * F , * & "7 , -P . 1p C ( s* ) 9K x xz.3 x! h x1 x( #x& ) m . C*! j (/ #r( * $&f * ( x ( Ea= 23/9kj/mol F ) 0 l ( . 9 (7& X* ( (#O E!#& 0(f f# . % C*! {F& $f $&f m ( 8& J! .* f s* , $ : #$% C8 ( 2 *8 ( # O 4 &% 0 1 5 ' #H : + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB i% : : 15 wt%Co/10wt% x$&f (FTS) 8x& – x! .* x s* x x ,% |A@ Ja?@ k x : "7 , &=Q R ( (/ – * ( #*f m k2O/r-AL2O3 2* x ]x<#& x( 0/005m3/kg.s q! Q 5?J@ y #O H2/CO 5Abar -f ! 5 #rx( s* x * 8 5 * FTS s* C( C3#& ( 5 = #*f ) m 5 f 0xH& Cx=1 Cxf 9 C ( ) . C 4 \O k 9# f G , * ( 9 . , $H! K.*! } & 5 [\ `c3 CO 9# K Ep , FTS f Q f . 9 _F fi F ( (#O E(\& 5 % ( ~ * #3 1 )F* ( G,$ / ( : 6Q &% 0 1 : + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB i% : : 9x # x( G,x$ Exp , * #3 1 )F* # ( 3 + ,% f m x( G,x$ x f -Q `% ; #< C( #Q C#* 0s m . CH$\ 08 C=x Cx( x • ;x #x x .( WT aT HZ G, >f! . # )Q 0s 1 )F* h^ C & #3 f , >sQ. # , # x#& x #3 1 )F* Cf 9 ,% C7* . , ]=* .( .! G,$ / 4& , & H < 8 o6*O %! ( 2f1 =< _H CH$\ : &% 0 1 # : + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB i% : : 0x , x$ )#x< 5o6*O 8 5& H < =f %! =Q CH$\ 0^ C$F 0 x1 )xF*(x4 9x$)xQ -=4& ( . ( % ( 2f1 _H ( %! ]x=* oxF x €& C 4 C( P Cf .! " CH #& l 58 l8 Cj 4 C C 1# Cx,# 0*x# x( 9x , xc ( o6*O 01 . % €& #4 0 u. Z ( .x % x f8 x8 9.x ]<#& ( s* $ . Z O# sk $1 K mxf Cx( o6*xO -sx Cx C 1# f8 8 C( C*,#s # +* ( #4 ( Cx 4 x( 2F* h&& 0 C( . C*! P CH$\ # Bohn,Roscoe ,WLF $ Cxz o6*xO C$ #& j =F* €* , s !r 9#& . % 58 9. . .* *& C8 ( $f C8 9( $f s* ) ( $&f C8 /g& : 8& – ! ! 4 &% 0 1 5 $ : *8 , 5 = 0$ : 9 u ,% + : ?@AB O?@ $ ?? : : 9( $f $&f R #& 8& – ! .* s* ) ( $&f C8 /g& C$F 0 x "7 s , ==4& G C( f s* , $ . ( *& C8 ( C8 , *x ( % ( $ . 8 [\ f C( C3#& ( s* ) | . x( Qx _H * 8 . (, , #&( . )#&( 3 !#* f (7& C* .x Cx ( (LMA) #f x J •#x$ 2* #x+$ , *x x( \Ok ;(& m 9f -P1 G .x! "x , *x ( * 8 • \Ok $ 9# . % ( (SQP) 7, \Ok x! 9#x ,% x(/ * 8 F C( C3#& ( $ * ( "7 1-a=95 SPSS . ( * $&f ( Cf `* $ 0* ( MSE,R2 C F (. "7 G ‚ *$ G E =& ( 9 #*' J :$% C8 ( C* #8 JC* C C & : Complex Coacervation #4 2 $, < ^$Q "O 4 5 #3 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : hx'& , *x x( 9 #*' J :$% C8 ( ()# ‚') C* #8 J C* C 5 :8 0 C $#& ‚ *$ G #& . C & Complex Coacervation ‚ *$ G i , C' 9 X* . / C( O# , ;,#& ( )1 0Q ]=* , ( i ;,#& , ( *$ 9 )Q / . ' Cj16 -(P €& 9 #*' $#= 9, €& ( i x\P ,x x )xQ Kx*$ .x! ( C' 9 X* . ! P ( # {k -=& Bovine(BSA) Serum Albumin . x( ' C & C C* #8 ^ , 0 u x )# x‚' , BSA ,x ,% x )# ‚' C* )#$# 0ƒ&8 C' BSA 9x ,% x< $Q K*$ .! ( C' 9 % ( X* . ( \F `% R4 Cx' x Dx( {k -=& ( K*$ €& / . C*! ' i . C*! .! . # {k -=& .! YQ( #& K*$ .! $, G ‚ *$ G E =& ( 9 #*' C8 ( C* #8 JC* C C & : Oriffice method #4 2 ! F 2( < ^$Q 5"O 4 5 #3 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : G hx'& , *x x( 9x #*' Cx8 x( ()# x‚') C* #8 J C* C 5:8 0 ,x x( C $#& ‚ *$ G #& . C & #4 2 $, G ‚ *$ 9, x€& x( i , C' 9 X* . / C( O# , ;,#& ( )1 0Q ]=* -x=& i ;,#& , ( *$ 9 )Q / . ' Cj16 -(P €& 9 #*' $#$# ,x 0 u i \P , )Q K*$ .! ( C' 9 X* . ! P ( # {k #x 0ƒ&8 C' (Hemoglobin) 0(#=#. ( ' C & C C* #8 ^ x ( x\F `% R4 )# ‚' , 0(#=# , ,% )# ‚' C* )#$ .x Cx*! .x! 0(#=# 9,% < $Q K*$ .! ( C' 9 % ( X* . K*$ .! 5 ( {k -=& ( K*$ €& / . C*! ' i 0(#=# .# {k -=& .! YQ( #& ,#*' `i3 (Cu+2) > 9# `c3 * , ) : # rQ < ^$Q 5"O 4 5+ ' , 0 1 q& : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : , 0x u x(7& ) 9# Q C( " C3 ) C3 * ) , 5C$F 0 x * ,#*' `i3 > 9# `c3 +#+• ( 8 ( 5 \O k 8 - C$H #x+_ )x x( ,#x*' i 9 "x3 96x( , * ( RO k 8 - C$H . - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx$H . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx % xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ( 5#& "3 )F* h^ { 4 * 8 , C$H 0 . Q -1 ^ + G ( 8 )xF* h^ (Factor Tortuosity) { 4 * 8 . * (7& ( # ( 0x*' Cx( Cx3#& x( (Cm/s) (( #3# =< 0* ) B/W h&& C( 5 ,#*' i ( #& "3 ) Cx3 * x x(7& x ) . , 0& (%@vU/B) E=\ \O R #* < F . ( E=\ \O R #* < ?|T|/?U TvBv/?a h&& C( 5" C3 Preparation of Alginate/Chitosan-Coated Beads Loaded with : Propranolol Hydrochloride < ^$Q "O 4 5"F 1 5 < 0 4 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : Propranolol loaded-calcium alginate beads were prepared by combining the processes of electospray and ionotropic gelation. The parameters of mean particle size, propranolol encapsulation efficiency (EE) and release profiles in simulated gastric fluid (HCl, pH = 1.5) and intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer, pH = 6.8) have been evaluated and compared. The main objective of this study was to increase the propranolol loading and decrease release rate by reinforcing the alginate matrix with increasing the sodium alginate concentration as well as coating with chitosan. Enhancing the alginate concentration and coating with chitosan led to increase the encapsulation efficiency and therefore decrease the drug release rates in both pH. >O , +_8 Topping 1 \F& „( # & , C ( : ' ! "O 4 5 *7 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : ( , Cf 5 ! m K f =& 9# Z 5K f -=4& , #j C=& z, # 9. f K dr f 3 0 Cf ( ! 9% 9#( c8 # >O : +_8 Topping 1 \F& „( C$F 0 . 7 R4 C( 0( 3 …8 m , * K f !6& f 3 C( Cf ! P K f -=4& . #O „( & O# s Cf4 ;,#& YQ( -1 0 Cf 8 ‡ † %Š/‰ „( =f K f d6& 5f %‰/‰ 1 ˆ #O K f d6& 5…8 0 , * ( f %•/‹Œ 1 !r *8 1 9. 0 u %‰/‰ % G#3 & 1 ( 5f * Aspen Plus , C .! " , \F& ! K f d6& ( ( . f 8 . Study of Heat Transfer from an Immersed Bar in a Simple : Batch Bubble Column by CFD p #8 $ =Q 5 1 : Advances in Computational Heat Transfer : ' : Ž•Œ† ‰• $ ‰Ž : : In this research work a CFD model has been developed to estimate the heat transfer rate from cylindrical surfaces immersed in a simple batch bubble column. The heaters position was 650 mm above the gas distributor. Several heaters of different length to diameter ratio were used. The effects of variation of superficial gas velocities in the range of 0.02−0.165 m/s on heat transfer rate were investigated for the different heaters with heat supply range from 3 to 300 W. It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient decreases as the length of the heater increases to about 50 mm and heat transfer coefficient increases with increase of bulk temperature. A decrease in heat transfer coefficient with increase of numbers of the heater elements was observed. Prediction of flow pattern and hydraulics of commercial – : scale tray with stationary valve using computational fluid dynamics 1 Q , h$p : = > ' 0, : #p 0$ r C3#O + : ?@AB O WAJWB : : In a cross gas-liquid contact tower, liquid moves across tray while gas flows up through opening in the trays. Many crossflow trays are simple sieve trays .Some trays have valves associated with the tray opening, and others have fixed deflector. In this study the flow pattern and hydraulics of stationary valves which is known as Mini V-Grid MVG tray, is predicted with computational fluid dynamics. The gas and liquid phases are modeled in a 3-D CFD in the Eulerian framework as two interpenetrating phases. Velocity distributions, clear liquid height, and liquid hold up fraction in froth were investigated for various gas flow rates at constant liquid rate. The results of MVG tray is compared with sieve tray. The tray geometry and operating conditions were based on Solari and Bell (1986) sieve tray air- water simulator with 1.213-m diameter and for MVG tray only the tray openings differ from it. The simulation results of sieve tray have a good agreement with experimental data of Solari and Bell (1986).The simulation results show that the clear liquid height and pressure drop of MVG tray is lower than sieve tray. The efficiency of MVG tray is higher than sieve tray therefore it can be used extensively in industrial application which is important conclusion of this study. CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer from an Immersed Bar in a : Simple Batch Bubble Column #8 $ =Q 1 : = > ' 0, : #p 0$ r C3#O + : ?@AB O WAJWB : : A CFD model has been developed to estimate the heat transfer rate from cylindrical surfaces immersed in a simple batch bubble column. The heater position was 650 mm above the distributor. Several heaters of different length to diameter ratio were used. The effects of variation of superficial gas velocities in the range of 0.02-0.165 m/s on heat transfer rate were investigated for the different heaters with heat supply range of 3 to 300 W. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient decreases as the length of the heater increases to about 50 mm and heat transfer coefficient increases with increase of bulk temperature. A decrease in heat transfer coefficient with position of the heater toward the column wall and increase of the numbers of heater elements was reached. CFD simulation of gas-solid flow in freely bubbling : fluidized contain the FCC particles (Geldart A) < ^$Q #, q& 5 1 5 1 0 1 : = > ' 0, : #p 0$ r C3#O + : ?@AB O WAJWB : : In this paper hydrodynamics of the bubbling gas–solid fluidized bed containing the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles with 57.4 µm diameter was simulated using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach. For this purpose, between the empirical correlations and kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF), KTGF was selected to describe the rheology of solid phase as a continuum phase. For simulation of gas–solid fluidized bed, include the fine particles, the cohesive forces must be considered. For this reason the drag force that is one of the dominant forces in fluidized bed systems can be modified. Therefore, the modified Gibilaro drag model was used by obtaining the appropriate value of scale factor (SF) experimentally. This method is mainly caused the reduction of computational time especially for simulation of large-scale systems. The ranges of superficial gas velocity were 0.3-0.5 m/s. In addition, time-average local voidage was compared to experimental data and this comparison was acceptable. ( (1 „( 1 )F* h^ ( „( & 1 9$ , / ( : CFD , * &% 0 1 p #8 $ =Q 5 1 : & 4 _ ( ' = > ' 0$ : ' , + : ?@AB WU Wa : : h^ & 5 * (CFD) & 4 _ #& , EF4& 0 #Q $1 9$ .# C 4 - p * ( C#* & 1 9$ 1 )F* @ kw 9$ C( 1 . C*! P „( .' , ' ;,#& , UaT mm C=<! C( F! $1 & 1 9$ C ( )#p & 5 * ]=* , & 1 9$ .( )F* h^ ( #Q 3 & 1 9$ $#p H( C' > 9 X* .% ( F! #Q 9$ )#p .! ( .( & 1 9$ )#p \P H( 0 C' ' & & 5 c / 1 „( ( , $ X* 0 • 2 .( ' 1 )F* h^ aT $ |T mm & & 1 h^ „( +* % .! -$ C( „( \P .! C' 9 ]=* lF (1 $#P -(P . C F (7& ( Q .$% , -<1 X* .( .! 1 )F* . #3 % 0( Comparison hydraulics and flow patterns of Sieve and Mini- : Grid valve tray using CFD #, q& Q , 5 1 : & 4 _ ( ' = > ' 0$ : ' , + : ?@AB WU Wa : Hydrodynamics comparison of bubbling fluidized bed : contain Geldart A and B by CFD < ^$Q #, q& 5 1 5 1 : & 4 _ ( ' = > ' 0$ : ' , + : ?@AB WU Wa : (ABR) =!( ,# ( C r& #*'% \4 &=Q €* / ( : 9+ 0$ )63 C* #H : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : #*'% C( ( 8 C r& ABR ,# ( #*'% 2' 2 2k=Q 9'3 =(P 5 #& , 9 , 9#( &_( . 9 ,4 p( , 5 ,# ( (( F # $% '# (( d\H =(P 5 9K#* 9K ,! C( 9K* $# , dc1 . *( 9% , * C( -& 5 pH \4 €& . #*'% C# 0 + . , * )# * C( C' ( 8 9' C r& * , G < ( #*'% D# 0 1p &=Q €* /g& o& C' H C$F 0 .2 9 ( 8 COD dc1 Energy Minimization and Design of Heat Exchanger : Networks Using Decomposition Strategy "O 4 ' ! 5j 4 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : The now well-established pinch design method for the design of energy recovery systems can easily lead to over-integrated heat exchanger networks (HEN). Moreover, the inclusion of restrictions as plant layout, match prohibitions and safety considerations into the targeting procedures is not straightforward, leading to final network designs with a much higher costs than initially estimated. In this work we propose a decomposition strategy where the plant is divided into smaller sub-plants, each containing a subset of the original streams. Each subplant is then heat integrated on a stand-alone basis. The streams are randomly distributed among the chosen number of sub-plants, and a simulated annealing optimization procedure is used to identify the best distribution of streams. Match restrictions and piping costs due to the excessive distance between two stream can be considered by adding a cost penalty if both streams are in the same sub- plant. The objective function is either the total energy requirement or the total annual cost. Once the best configuration is obtained the heat exchanger networks can be designed either manually or using automatic HEN design tools. The latter are now favored due to the small set of streams in each sub- plant. The procedure was applied to a set of plant data, a 9-stream problem and a crude-oil refining process with 24 streams. The results showed that the energy targets for the decomposed problems are similar to the energy requirement of the fully integrated plants, unless the allowed number of streams in each sub-plant is kept very small. Moreover, due the smaller number of streams in each set the design of the heat exchanger network is much simpler, and the network costs are very close to the targeted costs. The major benefits are heat recovery systems that are both energy efficient and simple. K ' -=4& , * ( NGL „* 1 \F& „( 9 • ( : ' ! G# i% C$ • 5 r 1 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : O#x drx #3 C!< K C . .! C( C3#& ( 5:8 0 C*! P ( # $#* \F& 3( # & =Q 5\F& 3( K dr 9#( _( .x * 5C# 1 K dr ' ( 5K ' "# , #j 0 ( . . x ( NGL „* 1 $#* \F& 3( K f d6& f 5EF4& 0 x %! K ' d6& ' 3 5Aspen plus .! " mf C( 1 , C , >8 xP x ( #x ˆ #O & 1 R €& 5 *( 93 €& #j 0( Cf . 8 „x( -xf K xf d6x& @/W C( |/U , *( 93 €& ( C-304 „( C# 9# Q C( . C*! 1 „( K f d6& ! C3 ?UB C( ?av , y #O €& ( ( f < WW 1 9x3 K xf d6x& xf x „( m& m& ( h&& 0 C( 9 f < ?/| . ( C ( C$ y #O *( The Effects of vertically temperature gradient on heavy gas : dispersion in build up area . ( 0 9u* 5 ' !5 ' "6 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : Dispersion of heavy gas is much slower than passive gas and as a result involves a more considerable hazard range. It can be arise when the gas is accidentally released at ground level or where there are many obstructions in the area. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models provide us with a potential means for better understanding the factor effecting gas dispersion. At the first stage the commercial CFD code should be validated using the standard experimental results. In this paper Thorney Island and Kit Fox experiments were used as simple and complex experiments respectively in order to validate the Ansys CFX11 code. Wind speed was studied taking time, height and direction into consideration. A combination of 2D and 3D geometry was used in order to reduce the number of elements in computational domain. The vertically temperature gradient at the atmosphere was investigated. The results showed that its temperature gradient had significant effect on gas concentration histories, especially at far distances from the gas source. 3( 3 _#r4 FBP IBP 4 , C ( ( Cz : * \F& F$O €< =Q 4 ># 5 ' ! 5 O 3 #3 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : 1 y #O r Cf + * \F& 3( ( C ( &=Q R 0H& #j C( . Cz ; 3 5 ( C* P h G( _#r4 Cf + f €& ( %! *4 0*! j ( C ( % C( 9 l ( Cz 2 %! )* f * 8 9 . 2j & 9#& 0 u 2 s 0 , . . C8 5 _#r4 1 ( Cz 2 ( , C ( =Q .f * . * \F& 1 % 0*! P 2 7 ( C=<! .! + C=<1 X* "7 +_8 R )Q ( C*! #< r*P 4 C( C3#& ( 6Q C( . 0H& `#=\ G( .# .! 1 0 # C( ) _ BUT@WT C3#& -(P 2P C ( &=Q , 3 1 ( & 1 9# +* )Q ( \F& $#& h'& 1p : NO ' ! 97• 4 9 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : x( x $#x& \F& $#& ( . f Y4( *H < ! m # C$F 0 x ! ,x Cx x( xf 0x . (f z.3 • hf& m , 3 ( & 1 9# +* )Q‘ .x $#& "& 5C . # ,k% 5 ]H& =< ! , Cf * 8 C ( C3#& ( #3# 5 x1p , xH( . 1p $#& ( & 1 9# +* )Q‘ ( 0s $1 "& Cx*! "x7 ... -f C$ C . 5„( ( ( 5 !r K j , $1 0 0( C F $#x& 0x* ( Cf 9 X* . `* , 3 0 ( $#& 0* ( h&& 0 C( . )xQ‘ x( $#& m 5 $#& 0* ( 0 u . #( #O $#& 0* ( . & 1 9# +* )Q‘ , H( .( -f C$ C . 0*f Cf & 1 9# +* Q# r rQ C ( 0 $ $#& (' #*' , C , ) : , 2' 0 ' !5! 0 14 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : x* 8 h x1 x( #x*f’ 3O {.3 €& h$k 0 $ #*f’ m *! :8 0 rQ Cs , * #*f’ C#+ Hp 9#( u8 C( C3#& ( . , $ 0x Cx( . 9% ( C ( *O 0*! 5 rQ Cs , * $• 0* .( .#( #O /“ x x( rxQ Cs ” 8 5d 2* , ( 6Q H :8 0 -$ 9x xH& 5 C_ H& -P , Cs 2j & -(P 2 * 8 €& C( * 3O x • Cx*! xP ( # G,# % G G,# % H& D# 5 3O H& 5 (MLP) Cx_ x • #8 rQ Cs ( h *O 0*! ( #Q •* 8 #' , C J ^ ) C= #( rQ C ( ' ( , # .# Cz xP ,% # 1p ## rQ Cs >‚ $#& .& *8 0 $ 1 & 1 Cx\F x4 xH& x( `* , C ( Cs 0& h % 9 , C*! * >8 G , 9% Cf ( #8 C_ • Cs m * # rQ Cs . G,# % {.x3 x€& h$k HP ( rQ Cs , -<1 X* 98 . * (BP) \O . 9 (#O ( E!#& Cf C F 5 * 8 h 1 ( #*f’ , 3O €& C( * \F& „( _#r4 G( 3 1 .$% : %! * 8 ' ! 4 ># 5 F$O €< =Q5 O 3 #3 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : #x #x x* # ms & Cf # , s _#r4 \F& 4 3 x3 4 : , +_8 Topping 1 _#r4 0* P .( C3#& _#rx4 x x3 x1 .$x% "7 ( :8 0 C' &6 , 5h .x! "x Rx #& #'cx x1 x*( EF4& 0 . 2* 9% ;! < ! * 8 €& C( 93 C( 1 0 _#r4 3 1 .$% 9% , >8 , C Aspen Plus , 3O * 93 50 ' ' 9Q C( 93 ( 5* 93 ( 5„( _( *( x x4 x x ( 0x , -x<1 X* . "7 1 \F& „( C( ˆ #O „( x1 _#r4 0*! P ( .$% ! * 8 , F 0& h . &=Q . 9 50H 3 4 * 8 €& / ( * \F& „( _#r4 G( 4 €& ( : %! F$O €< =Q 4 ># 5 ' ! 5 O 3 #3 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : ,x xH x\F& x1 x$#& _#rx4 #x3# 6sx ;! 3 5:8 0 0H& \F& 4 4 _#r4 0* P . % -H( &FF4& >O , +_8 x ( # Cf # C=3 , 1 K _( dr +s ( _#r4 #‚ 5 5x\F& „x( _x( *( 93 €& / 5Aspen plus .! " ( 1 , C , >8 .! P x x f 9Q C( 93 * 3O 93 5* 3O 93 ( 51 K f d6& . *! P -=4& C.7& # ( _#r4 \F& 4 ( /“ * 8 0* Cf 1 x( "7 .$% C( C3#& ( . ( . 1 K dr * 8 €& / 0 u . % C( * 8 F 0* ( &=Q 4 5* 8 .$&' – ! $#$# , C ( , $ : ' ! 4 ># 5 O 3 #3 5 ‚$ $#P : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : !"# x f Rx #& 5_( 9*f Q ( 0. ( $#& #j C( .$&f – ! ! . C*! P $ % , x ‰Ž - x )x mx , :x8 0x . "7 $#* (/ * ( #*f C – ! 9s ) 0 . * * – ! ! $#s$# , $ "7 ( f ŠŽ $#s$# xP *x #x ,x C ( #& Cf #3 s& % 9. ( $#s$# C 4 s& % 9. 59. ( 9. f 4 R 0*! j ( , C ) l ( . Cx( .x "7 ˆ #O ! ( , C ( ! m (:8 9*f Q) RON 4 #x 0*x( x( hx 9.x ( &_#r4 98 9#& 5 f )* f , C ( mf . % ( 0s H , 0 3 HDS 1 #*f &=Q * 8 0H& ( : HYSYS R4 , C , * ( >O : +_8 , ' ! 4 ># 5ˆ " : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : 9x3 x <#rO C( C3#& ( (f H D# , 0 #j ( ( G Cx( Cx3#& x( 0x u #x3# x G , mx x x 4 ( f C( C3#& ( Cf #3 #x m*x f x( #x* xf& ! 5>O : +_ 8 , H <#rO . x x8 +x_8 x1 0 , H , 0 #j ( (HDS) 9K mf C( , x #x xf& 9. f F 0& 5HDS 1 ( \P) s• (/ * ( #*f xf& 9.x xf x 3 #x*f ,( .! ( /# * 8 0H& ( c$ . f 0x #x*f ,x( ( \P C( )#p 271 5 ! 5 * 8 ‹ / . ! P CH$\ # # 9 , C , -<1 X* Cf ! P ( # HYSYS .! " C= #( , C R #& 1 Cx( )#xp ‰— m3 271 5•— bar ! 5 •Š— °C R 4& #*f f 0&_( Cxf (x x f x( C F , C , -<1 X* P * 5. .( Ž— \P Cx , -<1 X* E(\& 9 ( . ! P C F # 5#( "7 + ,% #r( .( "7 + ,% f ( , \O k . C ( G C( C*! ;,#& C r& 2* 1p : ' ! O h3 #3 5 F$O €< =Q : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : 1 /# !0 . "! - # !, !$+ & * ") (! &' , * ( :8 0 .# 2 F& , CO C( u8 C=ƒ m 5( C* #3# # #f , +_8 , s ` 8 C r& Cs , C ( 5 \O k . C ( ) m #3# 4 1 Q6p 9f Z , H( &H$\ # 0 . C*! P ( C r& -f ( 1p 0 , * ( .2*O8 C*! ;,#& C r& 2* 1p C( 5C r& 2* s=Q .$% , * ( C=1 0O% .! f %Ž•/Š‹‹ %‰‰/‹ h&& C( 9* , 9* (& -r! ( 5 1p C ( ) 5C r& -f ( ( _% !,( €& / 5 1 .( SiO2 _% 5C r& 2* _% 0&/# 9 .$% 0 , -<1 X* .2f Topping 1 \F& 9 , *( .! G, ( &_#r4 $#& ( : >O +_8 , H ' ! 4 ># 5 O 3 #3 5 $#P : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : C( , H 5\F& =Q f C( >O : +_8 Topping 1 0 . f -& ). ( ) 0 ' 5* 5m )61 9#u \F& 9 _#r4 *O f& O# #r( 5h =& 1 #3 "Q =Q C( 5G, ( _#r4 C( + _#r4 $#& C$ 9# Q C( ' 9. C( # C*c O# 8 +3 5\F& 9 _#r4 0 , 9#& C' *! } & $1 C$g 0 . ) *8 ; < (0 ' ,) 3 O# D# (* ,) _( 9*f Q ( 0. ( C=3 , *( .! G, ( &_#r4 C$F 0 . -s& 9 #f C( , jQ 271 _#r4 0 9# f 2 Cf % ( 1 0 * )#r4 -& ( " , ,( G ( .$&f – 5",_ ( "7 , >8 d< C=1 m "7 ( 9#& Cf 9 FF4& 8 _( 9*' Q ( 0. ( C( * C( 1 0 f )#r4 N#r .! 9f C!^ $*1 3 # 0*! 59f . 3 O# Energy Minimization and Design of Heat Exchanger : Networks Using Decomposition Strategy "O 4 ' !5 j 4 : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : The now well-established pinch design method for the design of energy recovery systems can easily lead to over-integrated heat exchanger networks (HEN). Moreover, the inclusion of restrictions as plant layout, match prohibitions and safety considerations into the targeting procedures is not straightforward, leading to final network designs with a much higher costs than initially estimated. In this work we propose a decomposition strategy where the plant is divided into smaller sub-plants, each containing a subset of the original streams. Each sub-plant is then heat integrated on a stand-alone basis. The streams are randomly distributed among the chosen number of sub-plants, and a simulated annealing optimization procedure is used to identify the best distribution of streams. Match restrictions and piping costs due to the excessive distance between two stream can be considered by adding a cost penalty if both streams are in the same sub- plant. The objective function is either the total energy requirement or the total annual cost. Once the best configuration is obtained the heat exchanger networks can be designed either manually or using automatic HEN design tools. The latter are now favored due to the small set of streams in each sub- plant. The procedure was applied to a set of plant data, a 9-stream problem and a crude-oil refining process with 24 streams. The results showed that the energy targets for the decomposed problems are similar to the energy requirement of the fully integrated plants, unless the allowed number of streams in each sub-plant is kept very small. Moreover, due the smaller number of streams in each set the design of the heat exchanger network is much simpler, and the network costs are very close to the targeted costs. The major benefits are heat recovery systems that are both energy-efficient and simple. ^ . C ( G C( ` 8 $#& `% dr , C ' : ' ! O 3 #3 5 F$O €< =Q : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : C r& C( o#( C . ,& `% P 5 \4 , 4 .! -$ C( ! 9# +* 2 CO , s C( 5; < `% dr , C f G CH #& 5` 8 dr f ( =f - Q m 1 j=k _% 9f Z 5H < . -& _% 9f Z ( (7& 9#P • C$F 0 .( 2* , 3O ` 8 ,& `% , s `% Cs 9# +* 5 &H$\ # 9# H( >‚ .2 Cz 3O 1 j=k ( `% 7 dr C ( Cs •p 5) C=1 . C*! P ( # #f , +_8 dr , C ( 0 R #& .# C ( ( \O k . C ( , * ( `% =O ;( C8 !r ,& `% *( f ( H( C=1 .! #O f %Œ/‹ $#& ` 8 %•/‰ ,& `% -f ( $1 0* ( % ( X* l ( .2*O8 C*! ;,#& C r& 2* 1p C( $#& ` 8 / 5 1 .$% , * ( C=1 0O% .! f %••/• !r ,& `% %Ž•/Š‹‹ C r& .2f ( 5 1p C ( ) ! €& Heavy gas dispersion modeling over a complex train with : computational fluid dynamic . ( 0 9u* 5 ' ! 5 ' "6 : th 11 Fluid Dynamics Conference : #p 0$r C3#O *H < + : WTTA : : In accidentally released gas at ground level or where the gas denser than the air or we have many obstructions, dispersion is much slower and hazard range maybe significant. Computational Fluid dynamics provides a potential means of improving the understanding of any effect on gas dispersion. In first stage commercial code must be validated with standard experimental results. In this paper used from Thorney Island and Kit Fox experiments to validate a CFX11 code. The results showed that CFX approximated gas concentration histories with a reasonably good agreement and predicted correctly the behavior of gas cloud during dispersion. #O , -<1 Co-Cr-Mo #=' i # & #! J*$ , 3 (, : 9 9( R4 .=! Q# r H\P 'i 9: P *7 5 < ^$Q : 9 = + ' 0, : .& : ?@AB 9(% W $ Wv : : -4 <#rO 5 9 9( 5 8#& Q# r .=! !( 7 & # ! "& C( )F* 9( H % 8 .=! ' i # 9 ,% YQ( 5 0+$ -< i # , 3 & #!*$ C& %! ( ' , -<1 X* C$F 0 . # d . % 5 9( ) , $ 9# Q C( 5 " $#=4 , Co–Cr-Mo z#=' ' 0 . % 7 , >8 i 0 '8 , #=3 ( 0*! & 0 ( ' , 9 0+$ -r 2* , C +* 5 (MOM) .=! ( .=! / z#=' i # ,# *$ 0( )#= C' z#=' 2* 0 ( 8 R >‚ . # $#& ,% -P , $*1 6 ,( . #3 *$ ( i C& 9 5 C*! P & 0 , * , -P *( FF4& C( , 5 *$ ( `% .$*$ , , 9 . 9 .8 d r Effect of Temperature on floating slime elimination of : Sarcheshme copper refinery by MX2 ion exchange resin 9F &% ^ :8 " 5 * Q 0 1 5 ( =Q 5 < ^$Q : H = > f 0 : 9* •#=( 9* + : ?@AB WU $ Wa : Effect of Time on recovery and selectivity, antimony : elimination of Sarcheshme copper refinery electrolyte by Duolite C467 ion exchange resin 9F &% ^ :8 " 5 * Q 0 1 5 ( =Q 5 < ^$Q : H = > f 0 : 9* •#=( 9* + : ?@AB WU $ Wa : 9# .=8 , * ( PBA-PMMA C* JC* =8 i # C & : _( 3 < ( # $# z! 4 ( C=!P 5.& u! ! : 9 *8 > ' 0$ : 9 & : ?@AB W $ ? : : C( =8 N#O •6< C* #8 J C* =8 i # Q ( ' , 9# .=8 G i 0 $#& ( C*O G 0* ( . ' C F• ' " 9# Q ( 6'% -&#( =8 ) C* i C* #8 ! p ) C=1 C' C=1 # $# =8 ) + =8 , C_ 5C* #8 C ! p " C=1 # $#& 0H \P ( i 0 *O - C' 7% , . # -& C* i 0H ^ ( ( 6'* -* C* #8 J C* i K#$#! # )* ' 5 ' F =8 N#O •6< 0 , d . #O( , , _( >&_ 3 < C' + : C( ' 01 9, j G ( )#r4 ( Cr C* #8 0H ^ ( C* #8 J C* i $#& C$F i 0 . j* # F .$% , % ( X* C F DSC DLS 5 7 :8 ' $ 1 ( ' 0 . # DOP j =8 k ' " 0.+3 #& C*! "7 *8 ! # $# 9# .=8 ! Cj4$ – #* F$ 7 ( ' : , 8 ! 4 5.& u! ! : 9 *8 > ' 0$ : 9 & : ?@AB W $ ? : : # $# , 9% Cf # $# 9# .=8 ! Cj4$ ( G , s – #* . f !8 #4 , % ( f R4 7 * ... i \P H& 5 f m* , FP Q6p #& 7 , * ( Cj4$ + ,% + 1 9 0 . P *O 9, P ( f , Cj4$ $#& 3 < f !8 / Cf *P `#=\ s=Q 08 " -$ C( 7 C( F$ 7 + 1 . * H < 9# f& 5 _( 9% C7* , 9s 5 • „.$ _ , #O ! C( r4 *O -$ Cj4$ 7 , p -(P % 2! _( 3 < *1 >s&_ 9 9 C$F 0 Cz , d . -<1 _( 3 < R # $# 9# .=8 =(P ( _( 3 < R >s&_ Cj4$ , F$ + 1 #& C( CH$\ 0 . # $# 9# .=8 ! Cj4$ – #* ( H < 9% ( f 7 , )e >‚ # C*O8 F$ + 1 ( )#H + 1 C F ( Cz _( 3 < R # $# 9# .=8 C*! "7 Cj4$ #O 0' 0 `% ^ $ ( : ˆ F $i 9 .& u! ! : 9 = + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB 9(% W & Wv : : 59 % d r ( 0 `% C & ( Cf = C=3 , #O 0f 0 `% 9 #O 0f 0 `% 0$ . C*! P C3#& # , f *H < `% , , C+ $ ( s. 9. 9* CF\ `% f C( ?@A| ) 1p C ( R 0 . 7& . f * s=8 #O 0f 0 `% 7% , . ‚ 9* •#=( 9* + C( f 0 ( 1p j 7& , ^ , $ C$F 0 c$ 5( ^ ) m , 1p * 8 , C ( Cf P ( # C=<1 X* Cz s=8 Cu^#1 #O 0f 0 `% & 1 s=Q #O 0' 0 `% =Q , C ( ( 5H( -1 #& X* 0 Cf C*! . P * # 9# .=8 #*' ' 7 : ! 4 0 '8 G 5.& u! ! : 9 = + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB 9(% W & Wv : : )* ' 5 – #* ( #& .( 5 (Calorimetry Reaction) ' 7 5 ˜4$ 0*' ( C' #& 0 7 . ' * ( %! _( P Q ( 5 - % ˜4$ + , C' -& 9. ' F C( 9% * 8 EP %! , h ^ ) 0* 5G 0 2 C* . ' %( * Q , ) _#H C' 7% , . _( 4< P ( O l8 0* #j C' $ C( ( #j C( Q , "' 9' Z 5# -& u8 7 ( $ *( C$F 0 . 2 ( 5( C* (#=\ P 5 0Q ' C( # $# 9# .=8 #*' ( ) 0 >‚ .# C C* #8 + ,% #*' . P ( # + ,% X* , * ( 5) =Q 4< 5 * C*! K C ( ! ( [\ #O ' ;3 C, , C ( : C "F 1 .& u! ! : 9 = + ' 0, : .& *H < + : ?@AB 9(% W & Wv : : 98 C( C3#& ( 5O C Cf Q#^# c8 7& # K # Y4( 0 , 5 #O K 9 0 . C*! P C3#& # 5K )* !r ;( 9#( c8 #p C( 5( l* -(P $# C( Ep , ( c8 7& ;( C( Cf j * .( 0& 9, 0& , s [\ f ;3 . f 8 : 0 Cf C, 52 * 8 C=3 , . P * # #O 2* Cf /& ( ( 5EF4& 0 ., K ! .! #j C( E! [\ ( f ;3 D# ! K 9. 0*( 9% Cf C ( C, 5 ! K 9. ( f ;3 h Cz 59% ( f C( C3#& ( !€3 ™Q h 1 ( C ( C, Gh 4 ( C\( 0H& # . ! "#$ %& ' ()' *( '+,- .'/ : '+0& 1 23 '4 : 56 . 1 78 : 8 : ;<=9 . : - 9 : : B.C D '( E . . 8 > +? @A8' ' . ?+$ . H@ I$ B JK L' ( .. @A . ' 8 8 '? . "#$ . 8 F+C % J ! "#$ %& F+O ' ' .' ,(M. +?+ / "/ . "#$ ? 28N -% ' J %& D -' ( 'Q E . , 8 B3(M ! "#$ P1( % 1 )R$ 7(A S ' . ()' *( '+,- L' . . , 8 B3(M % 7 1 @ ' @ J - ! @ B J @ / / , . P1( . T' S '+ ! "#$ . . U& J' , Best Fitting Parameters in a River-Reservoir System : 7 V 7M% W1 J/ 7M6 XY : Z" / IWRM2008 : (M[+1. (M , : ;<=] " ;; - ;\ : Routing Sediments of Saravan-Kajoo Flooding : @! V 7M% W1 J/ 7M6 XY : >. Z" / 7 + : @ $ , : ;<=9 ^_ - ^< : : As the result of flooding, rivers shape, cross-sectional geometry, and hydrological built materials change from time to time. Therefore, in a realistic sediment routing and flooding design and prediction, it is necessary to incorporate effects of such engineering consequences on mechanics of flooding. In this study a number of variables were looked at, these are non- uniform built environmental factors including, flow components, vegetation covers, bed materials, sediment sizes gradation, grain sorting and armoring, on hydraulics of flow and sediment transport of natural rivers. A linear and non-linear, two-phase flow and sediment coupled (LCM), (NCM) components were considered for design and prediction of hydraulics and hydrology routings of the catchments. The non-linear two-phase flow- sediment coupled models (NCMG), incorporated with bed materials sediment sorting and armoring algorithm worked well for flooding prediction and analysis of graded sediment materials. Hydraulics characteristics of natural rivers in draught catchments, Kajoo-Saravan rivers basin were selected as a case study and the results of application of developed models to flow and sediment variations were discussed. Sedimant Sorting and Bed Changes in Large Rivers : / 7M6 XY : 1 , / 7 ' [ : $ , : ;<=9 ' ;:`;9 : : In natural streams the flow varies from time to time, cross-sectional geometry changes and bed material is not uniform. Therefore, in a realistic flow-sediment transport prediction model, it is necessary to incorporate unsteady, non-uniform flow computation components, a sediment transport equation and a grain sorting and armouring algorithm in order tomodel water -sediment movement satisfactorily. The non-linear coupled model incorporated with and without a grain sorting and armouring algorithm for uniform and graded sediments (NCM and NCMG models) were applied to real river data and some sediment routing examples werestudied. The relative merits of the models were also discussed. The Missouri river downstream of Garrison dam is selected as a case study to deal with the most serious problems involved within a natural river. Descriptions of thisriver, the data sets used, and the results of application of the NCM and NCMG models to flow and sediment routing arediscussed in the following sections. Sensetivity of sediment prediction to size gradation : / 7M6 XY : 1 , / 7 ' [ : $ , : ;<=9 ' ;:`;9 : : The aim of the present paper is the development and objective calibration of one dimensional sediment routing numerical model to deal with river bed material of homogenous and mixed grain size characteristics. In this study, conservation of mass and semi-empirical equations governing sediment particle movement are adopted to establish the interaction between the sediment movement and fluid flow. The resulting mathematical formulation is highly non-linear and complex. It is impractical, if not impossible, to solve it analytically. Therefore governing equations of sediment laden water continuity, sediment continuity, and momentum for flow-sediment are solved simultaneously all together numerically. +?/ !' :'+ O-a b! b! !' b-' : d! W'6 V 7M% W1 J/ 7M6 XY : '. . > ? Z" / 7- : / . , : ;<=9 " ^e : : h! @ . 8+% !' ' @ '+& . + ' g% ? Hf$ A 7 ' !' H.+ ' B3 B% .X 5 +$ ' H'M! . iQ 'M. Q Jh! ' 8 > J(M 'M. !' 7 '. (! . 8 8'g JO& . 8+% 7 OW . Q ? J'7 8 .. h-' * k 8 jC ! d- J +?+ 8 L' 8 M . J l-' * ( 'Q '. 6. >C+ ' !' .. 8 7 ' F( W ' - 8 "( J8 ? L' 7 ( . 8 l .g "( ' !' @- . 'C JF 7 . ( HEC-RAS '@A 2 JF 7 8 J -3 7 ' F3( >.+$ 5 +$ !' (M. 2A f$ '. 1.C F 7 J7 i .. 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SMADA '@A 2 b/ . ;\\\ J_\\ J^\\ J;\\ .+ "( 8 +$ 3a F + . / . %M P1( 8. ' . . 6 P1( 8. ' O. . . a.' b 7 i 8 "( . @ A !' ' B . r/% 8. ' H 6 n ( M 3 : SMADA '@A 2 ( 5.' $. W' 8A @ . J/ 7M6 XY : '. . > ? Z" / 7- : / . , : ;<=9 " ^e : : 4+-' . , . 4+-' *" W% j36$ ' ' AO v F@ . W+% 8 !' J (A 'C ?+$ '+ .'/ H'+q . +?+ HX& b ' 4+-' +?+ 7+C y? . w BO. '. x6. * Hq+#! . a.' ? ' 8 '@. b/ . w "/ 2 "/ (A'C B16$ @I$ '+ W+% N . 5 +( ' 8 "( . '+ O-a . 8w O-a '+ ,(M ' $ 8. ' . N 5 +( . r/% 7$ ? ( 'Q < ^ > 8+$ >.+$ y? $;<_\ F 8) N S6- . r/% +?+ ' 8 "( . H 6 . 2I F ;\\\ 7 i . (A H'+q +W' ! ( ' P/ W+% @ A !' p + ,(M (;<=_ F *( ',- < z$ 7 Q *( ',- J < z$ 7 Q J B L' . B . N r/% M 3 ' H 6 2I ' ' w@-w. X . 2I ;\\\ $ J;\8. ' . '`L'. A 8 '/ 6 HEC- HMS SMADA '@A 2 8 "( . ( . M 3 8 3 .I$ L' . w . n ( 2I W+% . F *I% L' . ? @ ' 8 '+ ? '. : 2#( / 1 V 7M% W1 J/ 7M6 XY : O& {+ . 1.3 7 + : $ : ;<=9 e : . FRP ( 8+0 / + . +3$ {1M 7(. $ ! '(A' B16$ : 6 @? L' 8 "( 8 1/+$ W'6 % ' L' J C W'6 : '+/ 8 23 1 Z" / 7 8- 8 23 11- 7. Z" / 7- : @ $ : ;<=9 . ; - ^: : : .. FRP k- . {1M 1Q 8 "( 8 8 23 +3$ L' 8 ' )| ( 'Q (!Q . {1M 7(. $ ! +3$ '. . VQ 7 ' d- M N k- ( ' . +$ ( 'Q 7 1? 8 . }6- 8 '(A' ! +3$ V . o+. ( 'Q Jk- Z ? J N W J N O$ J$ -+& '+6 . L' . j36$ 7 ' / + ' -+& ,1 >a3 {a 7(. 'A 3 +[ (. +~ •! 8+0 / ' . (A 'C '. ANSYSv.10 '@A 2 b/ . 6 @? 'C ?+$ '+ O q ' 8$ . + $ (Triaxial) ? ' (A. H'+q . / 6 @? '@A 2 MATLAB / '@A 2 8 "( '+S 7 . . '. J (A m+ 7 ! +3$ 8 Bq% n ( Q ' . (A '/ . B16$ ? ANSYS .A 'C B16$ @I$ '+ 8+0 / E . ~A 6"q .C 8 8 . ' .! F(% 3 : ( 1.C S " + + O1C '+# J C W'6 : 1 , / 7 ' [ : $ , : ;<=9 ' ;: -;9 : : ' ( 1.C S . ( +C 6$ .C 8 8 . ' 7 + ' j36$ 7 .! F(% + }6- . X / $ $+0 / . b '+S 7 . . T' . . @ 8 . A ' .! F(% 3 + }6- . 'C J *(M ~ .! F(% +C 2w+$ ) J ()' *( '+,- ' k >.$ + O. 8 8 + / F 7 ' . 'C . 8' '+ '. . 1.C J 8 . 8 ' . *(M ~ ~ .! F(% 8I % 8 . f$ F(% J .! F(% 8 '+S VQ +~ 8I 3 8 *(M B/ +~ b 1! , - 8I$ F(% O . *(M . *(M B/ 8 "( . N+A $ ' (. $ *(M B K/ P3 8 . : ,['+ m(? *( '+,- 'a 7M6 C W'6 : 1 , / 7 ' [ : $ , : ;<=9 ' ;: -;9 : : ' ? 5.+W 7T 5.+W . X / / P3 %& -3 7 k m(? 8 . L' 8 8 . 1€M 7 B% . . . @ P3 7 ( J / W' m(? ,/ '(A' 8 / ? A .I$ L' b L' 7 . + "( ,['+ 7 ,['+ m(? 1q q+#! . (A 2 - +I(M? ~A ' dY 7(A . ['+ 7(d ? . 1 +. ['+ o$' . / B% ' BTM + • . / ['+ *3(M Y o$' + ,. / . 7 8 ' + A 2 . ان ـ Buckling Analysis of Composite Laminates Using the Element Free Galerkin Method : L@ ( . J C W'6 : 1 , / 7 ' [ : $ , : ;<=9 ' ;: -;9 : : An element free Galerkin method (EFG) is used to analyze composite laminates, considering Moving least square approximation (MLS) is used to construct shape functions using a set problem domain. Numerical examples are present method with different conditions. (* * (!+ ,* !" # $% & # '(! ) (* : -". / ! 0 ,* 123 4 5 6(7 8 : % (! * 9: 9" : ; < : @>AB *? => == : : ,2( F(!G ,* F!H I ( *! D E 2 C! D ( ! # $% H!.* N!' . % 8L F7! ,* *! D H G ( * J'. K , !% # '(! 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F(!G ,* ] i T* T2U (* ]R. .! 8 ( !H L R .! #$V ".(!R " 0T R H!-R . ,* Al2O3/SiO2 L !* 9U !* Ca Al Fe Si G 1 0 ( K 8 (LR F H5 S * 9 * * . C!Ld 7 2 G '2 D ' (!2RT X ! 0 ( '2 9 LR!* *(R D , " 9.] < Y! (!2RT ,* ,D!. ,2T F(!G .* G 2 ( J3 j!H 2E / % ]%. (* : *! D E 4 5 6(7 8 : % (! * 9: 9" : ; < : @>AB *? => == : : / EN !R J k("* H!.* 9 7 12 (* 9) 2* ,HO 9 ( ]R. , H5 . T !. 9 F0'.( 3 & , ( J3 j!H -". * FR!WH 9HWH? !WHR X !* 9 / 6! T2U R . H? 7;R!V;U ".(!R 8 / 8W. R .* 9(! * e. H! T* U 7 . * XU R (! .!* 9 RW 7!.( F$ T HWH? 97? .!* 2 R XL R 7;R!V;U 7 E* 2L R 2L !. l( ! 2H? <* " / WW W"T m!E (* .! * ( F$ T HWH? ,":. Y ( S( 8W. 7 #U ! o'Q *!E ,* ( !E nU 8OG !* *!E (L* O ( ,R 9 9 / 7 !. RN 2 (U ,* ,D!. * * * .* 7 ;D /( ( C .! '2 ] 2E / ! 0 X ,* 2E * ( ( -". / EN `2 ^( 9. ] QZ D Y! 2 (U T : C! D ( 4 5 6(7 8 : 9 7 9: 97 : 7! : @>AB ' = qH 9 * >p : : * [ 2 F H5 . J3 2 C! D ( !W -!2 k("* H!.* * FR!R!sH 9HWH?XHR X !D r (!Rn !. T2U R ]R. ( ,* ,HO 9 ( .* -". / ! 0 ,* '2 D ] WW t W"T m!E H! T* 9 S * . (?JD ,O5 [ 2 7 2L F0;Z ( ? 2* F H5 e: (!+ ^( ( / T* 7 R (2E ) + EN 9 7 \ Y. C2 ? ,* (!2RT S * " ( .T (3 (* (! d. (!Z ,* EN `2 T ,O5 [ 2 EN * , * `2 ! 'Q &K 40 / ^* D 9.] . D ! 2 H!.* ,Q ( J3 ! / 8L2U (* : -". / ! 0 ,* '2 4 5 6(7 8 : 9 7 9: 97 : 7! : @>AB ' = qH 9 * >p : : (3 F!H I ( 8L F7! ,* *! D H ( * L ! F;W. .(: ! #W $R X : P0* (!Rn F;W. & ( !W 2 !. N!' . ,2T - R Q ,R ,2T (3 /( # '(! N!' !. ,Q ( . ,O5 ( 2 ,H * . * R !WL V? .!* U!! T 0T R 7;R!.( H? ".(!R G 8W. ,":. (Y? 9 u X2 ;*$H X2 ;*TU T* g7 JZO T2U , H5 ( ]R. + 7 (!Rn # '(! e: F H5 S * .* 8*3 ,!Y R ^7( * -". / ! 0 ,* *(R D ] 8L2U ( WW m!E R .* 123 Numerical Analysis of flow Regimes in Developing Mixed : Convection of Air Flow in a Vertical Tube With Variable Fluid Properties Andre Laneville, : Advances in Computational Heat Transfer : ! : #'() & "% $ "# : : Mixed convection upward flow in a vertical tube with uniform heat flux has been studied numerically. The three dimensional elliptic conservation equations with variables physical properties and the Launder & Sharma low Reynolds k-ε turbulent model were used to study developing flow for Re=1000 over a wide range of Grashof numbers. The results show that two transitions occur in the fully developed region: at a first critical Grashof number the flow changes from laminar to turbulent and then, at a second higher critical Grashof number the flow changes from turbulent to laminar. The axial evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy, axial velocity profile, skin friction and of the Nusselt number is presented for different Gr. Simulating Laminar Nanofluid Flow in a Curved Tube Using : the Two Phase Approach *! : ++ $ ,- ./ ! : * ! : #'() : : Laminar mixed convection heat transfer in a circular Curved tube with a nanofluid consisting of water and 1 vol.% Al2O3 has been studied numerically. Two phase mixture model and control volume technique have been implemented to study flow field. Effects of the diameter of particles on the hydrodynamic and thermal parameters are investigated and discussed. Increasing the solid particles diameter decreases the Nusselt number, while the axial velocity augments. When the particles are in order of nano meter, increasing the diameter of particles, do not change the flow behaviors .The results show that the distribution of solid nanoparticles is uniform and constant in curved tu. Laminar Mixed Convection of a Nanofluid in an Inclined : Tube using Two-Phase Mixture Model 012 : 2th International Congress on Nanoscience Nanotechnology : 3 4 : 28-30 October 2008 : : Fully developed mixed convection of a nanofluid (water/Al2O3) has been studied numerically. Two-phase mixture model has been used to investigate the effects of tube inclinations on the nanoparticles distributions at the tube cross section and also to study the hydrodynamics and thermal behaviors of the flow parameters. The calculated results demonstrate that the nanoparticles concentration does not have significant effects on the hydrodynamics parameters. However, its effects on the thermal parameters are important. Skin friction coefficient continually increases with the tube inclination, but the heat transfer coefficient reaches a maximum at the inclination angle of 45o. Numerical Study of Laminar Mixed Convection of a : Nanofluid in a Horizontal Tube using Two Phase Mixture Model with Variables Physical Properties & 56 025 012 : th 6 IASME/WSEAS International Conference on FLUID : MECHANICS and AERODYNAMICS Greece : 20-22 August 2008 : : Laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid consists of water and Al2O3 in a horizontal tube has been studied numerically. Two-phase mixture model has been used to investigate hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of the nanofluid with variables physical properties. Comparisons with previously published experimental and numerical works on mixed convection in horizontal tubes show good agreements between the results. For a given Richardson number the effects of nanoparticles volume fractions on the hydrodynamics and thermal parameters are presented and discussed. It is shown that at the fully developed region the nanoparticle concentration does not have significant effects on the hydrodynamics parameters. However, its effects on the thermal parameters are important. 789 :8&04$ ; /8 &0< :85 7 ; , : R-134a = 5= > 0$0 : ++ $ ,- ./ ! : * ! : #'() : : 9 H ; 5; HP &8 - + > NO ? > I ; /8 ; , ,M03 . ,8L& & (CO2 ) + > /8 3&6 C D & ? > I *0 > , ! 5! ; /8 ,! * ,+U6 T8 . ? > I ,! 8$6 *@ R-134a ,5S I . L VW 3 03 3&6 C D + > NO R-134a ,5S & ! 5! ]&B 5 > E X 8L \ & 0 I Z[ ,8;0X5 ,Y & , P : ]&B =6 ; ,D I 0 0 012 5 : * 8D ./ ! $ : * 3 : #'() : : 3&B &D <0 *! D ; ,! 85 ]&6 IS8 & ]_ ; M ^0 ]- 0 M ]&B 0 ; ! &S *! &. @ 0M , I &(8 0 `aa ; 8 ! -0 2 ) 0 ; & f0< 23 , P e$ .0 *@ 8 ]&6 IS8 NO & 4 d c3 b> I & ,+ M ; . : &5 &O 3&6 :85 + > ?+P3 , F3 M ]- L 0 !6 8L \ & & M &0g3 ,Y & ,$S . 0 I ,8;05 f0< ]&B 0 F6 5 H 08 Yi ; 2 3 ]&0U , & ]- 0 ,8;05 ,Y & . ,h& ]&B . * & 0j 4 ;@ &8 T8 . = L2 ,D I ,8;05 E&@ *M !3 hF M ]&6 IS8 & A k M F6 5 Z > ,2$Y : l0+ ;L I ; /8 SL < ,$0$ *& 0 I +> mU : ++ $ ,- ./ ! : * ! : #'() : : K@ ? 0I E&@ *M X & 3&6 &8L& l0+ ;L I ; /8 , $0$ 7 *& =3 hF M ]&6 IS8 Z & *00 F6 85 E0 0$@ 5= ]&B ,D I , nm10 Yi ]&B * L Z ,2$Y & . & > ]&01 SL < 0 ]&B d Z34 ?U6 T8 . &i & &0 3&6 X & 8 &D & n . ,M03? i 3&6 8 &&D & @Z $ . X & 8 &D & * 0< ; 4 $6 , 5 8 oP ,$0$ +< &0 X & ]&B F65 . Effects of Nanoparticles Diameter on Laminar Mixed : Convection Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid in a Curved Tube using Two-Phase Mixture Model +> mU : 2th International Congress on Nanoscience Nanotechnology : 3 4 : 28-30 October 2008 : : Laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid consists of water and Al2O3 in a horizontal curved tube has been studied numerically. Two-phase mixture model has been used to investigate hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of the nanofluid over wide range of the nanoparticles mean diameter. It is shown that decreasing the mean diameter of the nanoparticles augments heat transfer coefficient. While it does not have any important effects on the skin friction coefficient. It is also seen that using smaller nanoparticles mean diameter causes more uniform distribution of the particles. Mixed Convection in Vertical Ducts : Nicolas Galanis : th 6 IASME/WSEAS International Conference on FLUID : MECHANICS and AERODYNAMICS Greece : 20-22 August 2008 : : This article is a review of research on mixed convection in vertical ducts published in the last 20 years. It includes experimental, analytical and numerical results and illustrates the complexity of these flows and their differences from forced convection flows. These differences include the modification of the developing velocity and temperature profiles, the initiation of flow reversal at different radial and axial positions and the significant effects of buoyancy intensity and direction on the flow regime, the Nusselt number and the friction coefficient. 89 :8&04$ ; /8 3 F M ]&6 IS8 D , ; , : & 56 025 !&B@ 56 : ++ $ ,- ./ ! : * ! : #'() : : &i ,2$Y &0 3 F M ]&6 IS8 ;0 D , ; , O6 &! & P ; D , 6J &0\ , . 2 D I0J & ]&6 IS8 E . , *03 P (Bezier) & $8 ! lS ]18 c3 . 0 /8 A 3 .0 /8 $8 ! lS , ]18 8L 89 :8 &04$ ; O6 &! & . c3 & D 2 :F6 & D qY ; AL ]&6 IS8 : ! ,$p5 ; , M & &0 o .0 ,8L \ & A Quasi-Steady Method For Inverse Design and Control of a : Two-Dimensional Radiant Oven in Transient State L 2 & 56 025 * , : Advances in Computational Heat Transfer : ! : #'() & "% $ "# : : This study presents a fast and straightforward algorithm for inverse estimation of uniform temperature and flux distributions over the product surface. The aim of the problem is to optimize the design of an oven used in heating processes such as drying, coating, annealing and so on, to produce the transient desired conditions over the product surface. The inverse estimation consists of three problems; the direct problem, the inverse problem and the sensitivity problem. The direct problem and the sensivity problem are solved by the net radiation method in each time step, and the configuration factors are calculated by the Hottel's crossed-string method. The conjugate gradient method is used to minimize an objective function which is defined by the sum of square errors between estimated and desired heat fluxes over the design surface. The effects of relative lenght of the design surface to the heater surface, and the number of heaters are examined by some numerical examples. Inverse Boundary Design Free Convection Problem by : Conjugate Gradient Method :F> 56 & 56 025 *D : Advances in Computational Heat Transfer : ! : #'() & "% $ "# : : An inverse analysis is employed to estimate the unknown temperature distribution over the heater surface of a square cavity with natural convection from the knowledge of desired temperature and heat flux distributions over a given design surface. The direct problem of natural convection in a square cavity is solved by the finite volume method. The conjugate gradient method is used for minimization of an objective function, which is expressed by the sum of square residuals between estimated and desired temperatures over the design surface. The performance and accuracy of the present method for solving inverse convection heat transfer problems is evaluated by comparing the results with a benchmark problem and a numerical experiment. rP8 qY 3 &0! ; s02 6J : L 2 & 56 025 * , : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : . &i & &0 I01P uP8 qY 3 &0= 7 , 6J ,$S & ; ?X8 6J ,+g5 . X qY & &e K0+Y 3&6 & &U *03 F 6J o ; /8 :S85 ,+g5 . 56 ,+g5 (') s0X2 ,+g5 (") :S85 ,+g5 (#) : , NO ?6 2 ,\/P 7 & 3 I/8 ]-2 ?6 h , w& 7 o A 3 7 *= , = ? s0X2 ,+g5 . , P ?3 AJS8 &3 w& ; /8 qY & , P 3&6 & K0+Y 3&6 & ?O/3 ]2 ^0 F ]&0U , ,= N ; &S ,+g5 7 ?6 ; ?6 y * w& ; /8 0 x23 6J . 0 /8 56 .3 , P 3 ;@ F M 2 ,\/P ; s02 6J : :F> 56 & 56 025 *D : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : 3k;@ F M !3 ]&6 IS8 3&6 :85 ; s02 6J ,$S & qY & <0 3&6 & A;03 F ; 6J ; o . &i ,2$Y &0 ,+g5 . qY & 0M0 *03 ; , 3&6 &0! & I01P ,+g5 . ?18 : , 9 ,$2 ,+ , ,! ;@ F M 3 ]-2 ?6 ? :S85 3 ; 3&6 , d ,+ M 0 ?6 P :F6 w& ; /8 56 ,+g5 :S85 ?6 O6 w& i &! . , P F I0J w& ; /8 9 ,$2 & P ,+g5 *@ T8 ,5S 3 ;@ F M ]&6 IS8 s02 ; 6J ?h5 . &i ,2$Y &0 Z0 2 * 8 &D Z 0 ;& > Iz ;@ F M 2 ,\/P & ; s02 ,+g5 : :F> 56 & 56 025 *D : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : &i ,2$Y &0 ;@ F M ]&6 IS8 :85 6J ; , ,$S & ;@ F M ,\/P qY & 3&6 & A;03 3 ; 6J ; o . 23 D ; 04$ { Y 6J qY & K0+Y 3&6 & A;03 ,! ,04 y * w& ; .0 ?6 P :F6 w& ; /8 56 ,+g5 :S85 ,+g5 .@ , P 3&6 & K0+Y 3&6 & ?O/3 ]2 ^0 F ]&01 ,! o A 3 *! , ]&6 IS8 ?h5 ?6 O6 w& i &! .0 /8 0 x23 6J qY & . &i & &0 > Iz ,0 ,+g5 *@ T8 ,5S F M .3& ,$0$ & *M ]&6 IS8 E > & : | 56 O+> $ . :6& : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : IS8 *M E & 3 P ]- s $ ,$S & &! N$M &5 + > ,$0$ .3& ,$0$ . ,8L& &! , .3& ,$0$ & ]&6 & . ,M03 &0 ,YS ! < *0 > , 8 2 U & ,! *L 82 U k-epsilon I w0c 2 , I I I ,h& .3& ,$0$ I ,$S }& , ; , I s w0c *M ?+P3 2 , I E I .3& ,$0$ ?< & *M M E &0 & ,M ]&0U , E! T8 . bP 0 rP8 &0 ,\/P & E03 F M & ?8D > c3 &0 * 0 Z : | 56 O+> i &0D ! w&@ : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : &0 .0 & > w& , ,\/P & E03 F M ]&6 IS8 & & w c$ & ,\/P Cd &0 .& &i x+8 & 0 > &0 {> ,\/P SL &2 :F6 8 P :F6 > w& ! , 9 E08 48 0D ]-2 . 0 03 I ?8D > , ,M03 &0 * 0 * ] P . ?6 ?j :8&04$ . ,8 ]&6 IS8 ~ ,\/P & F 8!6 3/8 Zp3 Mixed convection in inclined driven cavity with hot moving : lid | 56 O+> i &0D ! w&@ : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : A computer program is developed and numerically laminar mixed convection heat transfer in two dimensional shallow rctangular driven cavities of aspect ratio 5 is studied. The top moving lid of the cavity is at a higher temperature than the bottom wall. Computations are performed for Richardson number ranging from Ri=0.001 to 100 and Reynolds number keeping fixed at Re=408.21. Under these conditions cavity encompasses three regimes: dominating forced convection, mixed covection, and dominating natural convection flow. The fluid Prandtl number istaken as 6 representing water. the effect of cavity inclination on the flow and thermal fields are investigated for inclination angels from 0° to 60°. With increasing the inclination angle, interesting behavior of the flow and thermal fields are observed. The streamlines and isotherm polts and the variation of the Nusselt numbers on the hot wall are presented. The average Nusselt number is found to increase with cavity inclination for Ri»1. Numerical simulation of unsteady mixed convection in a : driven cavity using an externally excited sliding side wall utilizing nanofluids > +> | 56 O+> &0D ! : 2th International Congress on Nanoscience Nanotechnology : 3 4 : 28-30 October 2008 : : The effects of nanofluids on heat transfer and flow processes are investigated numerically inside a cavity which its left vertical side wall oscillates sinuously. The natural convection effect is sustained by subjecting the right wall to a higher temperature than the left wall. In addition, the two horizontal walls of the enclosure are kept insulated. A numerical model which uses the concept of solid volume fraction is implemented to study the effect of nanofluid on the problem. The transport equations are solved numerically with finite volume approach using SIMPLE algorithm. Computations are performed for Richardson number ranged from Ri = 0.1 to 1 and for Grashof number kept fixed at Gr = 104. It is found that both the Richardson number and the direction of the moving walls affect the fluid flow and heat transfer in the cavity. Copper–Water nanofluid is used with Pr = 6.2, and solid volume fraction is varied as 0.0% and 5%. It is observed that the heat transfer rate increases with increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction and it is enhanced at Ri < 1. Flooding Prediction in Natural Rivers by Numerical : Characteristics Solution ! 5P _• | 56 O+> : * > + 4 ! & d : * 3 4 : #'() & #)k#€ : : Flooding prediction in large rivers of compound sections is studied. The highly variable unsteady entry of water and sediment to reach and changes in base level are amongst examples of natural events that induce changes in a river flow-sediment regime. Man-made troubles to nature such as construction of hydraulic structures and the implementation of river training techniques like bank stabilisation,channel realignment dik construction, and dredging are some examples of artificial causes and problems imposed to river sediment transport regime. Generally a study of movable bed sediment propagation can be approached mathematically form either an analytical or a numerical stand –point. Analytical solutions can be obtained for simplified cases because the three governng equations (continuity and hyddrodynamic of flow-sediment transport equations) describing unsteady open channel flow with a movable boundary are first order, nonlinear partial differnital equations of the hyperboic type. Analytical models may be adequate only for an initial rapid evaluation of degradation and aggradation. Most situations, and in particular for highly variable flooding flows however, do not lend themselves to simplified solutions and more complete numerical methods then need to be adopted. In this paper numerical method of characteristics was used for prediction of flow-sediment prediction in large riveers. ;0 :\ ]P/U ; ,8 & ; F M ]&6 IS8 > & : | M | 56 O+> : * + 4 ! ; : 82 U 4 : #'() * @ : : & ,= +Y85 ]P/U ,8 7 & ; &0> *M ; ]&6 IS8 ,$S & . & P :F6 w& ; /8 > ]&0U , & &i Z 3 qY 7 & + 0 > uXYU NO &S & ;$0 & > ( L) ,P/U = 5 Z n \ & :h w0c eD :=3 I *M & & . @ ]P/U & A;03 /8 9 :8 48 0D ,$2 ? :=6 ]-2 ?6 RNG k-εI ; . ,8L . * 4 ;@ T8 & 0< { Y3 ,2$Y ; ?U6 T8 . Numerical simulation of unsteady mixed convection in a : driven cavity using an externally excited sliding side wall utilizing nanofluids > +> | 56 O+> &0D ! : 2th International Congress on Nanoscience Nanotechnology : 3 4 : 28-30 October 2008 : : The effects of nanofluids on heat transfer and flow processes are investigated numerically inside a cavity which its left vertical side wall oscillates sinuously. The natural convection effect is sustained by subjecting the right wall to a higher temperature than the left wall. In addition, the two horizontal walls of the enclosure are kept insulated. A numerical model which uses the concept of solid volume fraction is implemented to study the effect of nanofluid on the problem. The transport equations are solved numerically with finite volume approach using SIMPLE algorithm. Computations are performed for Richardson number ranged from Ri = 0.1 to 10 and for Grashof number kept fixed at Gr = 104. It is found that both the Richardson number and the direction of the moving walls affect the fluid flow and heat transfer in the cavity. Copper–Water nanofluid is used with Pr = 6.2, and solid volume fraction is varied as 0.0%, 10% and 20%. It is observed that the heat transfer rate increases with increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction and it is enhanced at Ri < 1. & $ &0M L & I *M 2 , ; , : 5P :F> 56 > *56 : ( ++ $ ) ,- ./ ! : * ! 4 : #'() & "% $ "t : : Ke ,nO06 ? ;L c3 ]&6 IS8 {i D > ; , ,$S & & ,2Yi *0 }& •L @L . ,h& rP8 3&6 , d & $ &0M @L & I1/ P EF6 w& ; ,$S & . D @L rP8 3&6 , d !6 M A k M rP8 ; !6 ;L c3 ,+g5 . /8 2 , $6 & 9 :8 ]-2 ]&0U , A M ;L ? ?6 ;06 E 3 . ?6 9 ,$2 & j$8@ w& I > 0 ?+P3 PY ! & ]Z ,2$Y & . ,8L \ & ,8 0D HP * ,8e ]2$Y 0< { Y3 O6 > T8 LJ ; . & &0M ]&i Z . Thermodynamic Optimazation of the Solar Parabolic : Cookers and Comparison with Energy Analysis * qU , JL :F> 56 L 2 6 ; L : 5th International Chemical Engineering Congress and : Exhibition ! : 2-5 January 2008 : : In this paper, an exergetic optimization of the solar parabolic cookers is developed. For this means, an integrated mathematical model of thermal and optical performance of the solar cooker is derived. In this analysis, the most geometric parameters and operating conditions are considered as variables. Some correlations for exergy efficiency of solar cooker components are used. Then, exergy efficiency of solar cooker is derived by using these correlations. In the process of deriving an equation for the exergy efficiency, while the overall thermal loss coefficient and other heat transfer coefficients of solar cooker assumed to be variable, the common error of using the Petela efficiency is corrected to reach the improved equation of solar radiation exergy. Finally, through MATLAB toolbox the exergy efficiency equation is maximized. Results show the exergy and energy analysis of the solar cooker don’t have same behavior and the benefits of the exergy method for the design of solar cookers were obtained. AISI 8620 ! " # $ %& " ' % ( $ %& ( ) *+, $% : -. , /0 : ,$. 120 2 3 $ 4 : 526 )7 8 : :;<= 9 : : ( $ %& 120 & $ B AISI 8620 ! " # A>?@, 3 $ 9! $ " # F# G0% 3 & /, HI $ !F ,$ $!J K L & 120 B6 % .# $C (7 $ % D NO PIQ !& ! $ !& 3%& 3! /- % " # 3 FM . " # HI ! $% A% Q R D , $ $5% & " # 3 S -! $ T ! $O ) . !% UV) # $ O W 2 $ ! " # $ J X% SO 3 $ . $ %& " ' ab 1$. 925` C $ 0 [\ :Z A:[ A< AZ A; ( ) $ !# $C Y- B6 2R# (% 2R# % c9@ -. $ ( $ %& 120 . K L & 3V$ $ $ %& dI? HI $ % ! ( )7 A$ %& " ' ($7 % D .# % e2! ( ) $ $ %& " ' $? Ae2! ! /#O T $ % . 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O% $ % W ONV /6 "i )i 2 /n \ /6lS ")*+ $ %& J M S #"" ! #[ _ 1/& 23 4 - . $/0 , I # 2/&V HT a&V 2H0 ]5 _Mn qP 5 " :z5? W 50 # 2' 2 .6 16 # S &V 1 2 8 /6 ! 1/3 $ S 8 6 32 I 2 ' # I 1! ; 1 I $T 1! 4 8 C 8 2 H 4 ! ) S 2 V ( 2 2 ; … K 2 -» «a! &4»8 G/ 2.5C # 2 I 1. 8 /3 2 G «$/ 2/ 6J #2 Y X I 8 /3 2 G O?V a! &4 $ J (! $ T 'T W 50 2- 0 , $T C 2T (=/ ! [ 85PBG @2J J ‡BI q 8 `<†- $ $ (H 2V 8? $I' + 4 B )" Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Volume 5- Number 1- February 2008 , 1/& x3 4 - . $/0 1 P. DHEENA AND S. GENERALIZATION OF (∈,∈ ∨ Q) COUMARESSANE −FUZZY SUBNEAR-RINGS AND IDEALS 2 S. M. A. NAYEEM AND M. THE p-CENTER PROBLEM ON PAL FUZZY NETWORKS AND REDUCTION OF COST 3 L. TORKZADEH, M. SOME RESULTS OF ABBASI AND M. M. INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY WEAK ZAHEDI DUALHYPER K-IDEALS 4 Y. YUE AND J. FANG FUZZY IDEALS AND FUZZY LIMIT STRUCTURES 5 C. KEZI SELVA VIJILA INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUE OF AND P. CANCELING MATERNAL ECG KANAGASABAPATHY IN FECG EXTRACTION 6 R. SAADATI, S. SEDGHI A COMMON FIXED POINT AND H. ZHOU THEOREM FOR Ψ -WEAKLY COMMUTING MAPS IN L- FUZZY METRIC SPACES ) Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Volume 5- Number 2- June 2008 , 1/& x3 4 - . $/0 1 A. R. ARABPOUR AND ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS M. TATA OF A FUZZY LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL 2 E. G. MANSOORI, M. J. GENERATING FUZZY RULES ZOLGHADRI, S. D. FOR PROTEIN CLASSIFICATION KATEBI, H. MOHABATKAR, R. BOOSTANI AND M. H. SADREDDIN 3 B. DAVVAZ AND P. ON (α , β )-FUZZY Hv-IDEALS OF CORSINI Hv-RINGS 4 S. SEDGHI, K. P. R. RAO A COMMON FIXED POINT AND N. SHOBE THEOREM FOR SIX WEAKLY COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS IN M- FUZZY METRIC SPACES 5 A. BORUMAND SAEID REDEFINED FUZZY AND Y. B. JUN SUBALGEBRAS OF BCK/BCI- ALGEBRA 6 I. JAHAN MODULARITY OF AJMAL FOR THE LATTICES OF FUZZY IDEALS OF A RING 7 S. Z. BAI A NEW NOTION OF FUZZY PS- COMPACTNESS 8 Y. BINGXUE FUZZY SEMI-IDEAL AND GENERALIZED FUZZY QUOTIENT RING 9 S. M. VAEZPOUR AND F. t-BEST APPROXIMATION IN KARIMI FUZZY NORMED SPACES )) Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Volume 5- Number 3- October 2008 , 1/& x3 4 - . $/0 1 E. MEHDIZADEH, S. OPTIMIZATION OF FUZZY SADI-NEZHAD AND R. CLUSTERING CRITERIA BY TAVAKKOLI- A HYBRID PSO AND FUZZY MOGHADDAM C-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM 2 M. S. HASHEMI, M. K. SOLVING FUZZY LINEAR MIRNIA AND S. SYSTEMS BY USING THE SHAHMORAD SCHUR COMPLEMENT WHEN COEFFICIENT MATRIX IS AN M-MATRIX 3 G. F. WEN, F. G. SHI AND ALMOST S*-COMPACTNESS IN H. Y. LI L-TOPOLOGICAL SPACE 4 V. LEOREANU FOTEA FUZZY ROUGH N-ARY SUBHYPERGROUPS 5 S. VIJAYABALAJI AND BEST APPROXIMATION SETS IN N. THILLAIGOVINDAN α -n-NORMED SPACE CORRESPONDING TO INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY n- NORMEDLINEAR SPACE 6 S. JACOB JOHN AND T. METACOMPACTNESS IN L- BAIJU TOPOLOGICAL SPACES 7 Y. HONG, X. FANG AND INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY QUASI- B. WANG METRIC AND PSEUDO-METRIC SPACES 8 V. LEOREANU FOTEA THE DIRECT AND THE INVERSE LIMIT OF HYPERSTRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH FUZZY SETS OF TYPE 2 !"/ /& # $% !" / / 3!" / / 4 # $% 3!"/ / & '( )*+, ) - .(/01 2 !"/4/9 # $% !"/4/4 '( )56 278, 3 3!"/!/ 9 # $% 3!"/!/ " ) 0- ': ': );; % 2 : <8= & # $% 3!"/!/ 3 >(- 8?7 @:8 );; % 2 : .(/01 2 / & 3!"/!/ A(B 3!"/D/ # $% 3!"/D/ ,(C 4 3!" , 2 J: K L 85(G #-H<8 (% 8 :E( " 50C * I, 3!" 2 J: 5? ) * !