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14 Touring Iran 26 Around the World 30 Sports

12 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Editorial www.Mahan.aero

In the name of God Welcome on board. It is a great pleasure having you experience our services today. Mahan Air introduced to aviation industry in 1992 and we are extremely so proud of steadily growing our presence and services over the past 25 years and look forward to exciting years ahead to continue invest in new aircrafts and new routes with specific focus on offering the highest standards of service and hospitality in the global airline industry competition. We consider Mahan Air contribution to the border community across Iran and other places in the world where we are well positioned to make a real difference with providing frequent flight of approximately 5.6 million passengers per year. Today, Mahan Air operates a fleet of more than 60 new Airbus and Boeing aircrafts from Tehran hub to more than 54 routes inside Iran and 53 routes internationally across Europe, Asia, Middle East, Far East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). To join Mahan Air Frequent Flyer program, a loyalty program offered to our customers to enjoy a range of exclusive privileges and courtesy services (including: lounge access, check-in priority, increased baggage allowance, guaranteed award seats and more) kindly collect the application forms available at Mahan Air check-in counter or even on-board during your flight and immediately start collecting miles with the temporary card and take the advantages. For more information, Please visit (www.mahan.aero) to learn about the card benefits and services. In addition to facilitate the check in process, Mahan air has provided web check in (online check- in) in most of domestic airports. This service will be operational 48-90 hours before flight Following of increasing and expanding the flight route network, we as Mahan air, established new direct international routes to Barcelona, Spain in June 2017. We are continually striving to provide high quality service to every one of our valued passengers. Hearing your ideas and feedback on what we do well and where we need to improve is fundamental to this. You can provide your feedback – good or bad – quickly and easily through the “Feedback Form” on board. The crew will be handing out these forms, during your flight. We would like to thank you over and over for your continued support of Mahan and our services. Please sit back and enjoy our renowned Persian hospitality. Our crew is friendly, professional & trained and shares a passion for ensuring your journey is as comfortable as possible. Thank you once again for choosing to fly Mahan Air.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 13 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero The Untraveled, Unknown wonders of

Chabahar, meaning four springs is a city in and The overwhelming majority of the city’s inhabitants capital of ChahBahar County, and Baluchestan are ethnic Baluch who speak the Baluchi language. Province, Iran. Chabahar is a free port (Free Trade The name bases on Persian char that means four, Zone) on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. At the 2014 and bahar that means spring. Hence, it means a place census, its population was 120,000. Chabahar is Iran’s that all four seasons of the year are spring time. southernmost city. The Portuguese were the first colonial forces to attack Chabahar is situated on the Makran Coast of Sistan the Makran (Oman) Sea. The Portuguese forces and Baluchestan Province of Iran and is officially under Afonso de Albuquerque gained control of designated as a Free Trade and Industrial Zone by Iran's Chabahar and Tis, staying there until 1031 A.H. (1621). government. Due to its free trade zone status, the city The British, and later the Portuguese in the 17th has increased in significance in international trade. century (1616 AC) (1026 A.H.), entered this region.

Climate: The county of Chabahar has hot, humid weather in the summer and warm weather in the winter, giving it a hot climate. The western winds in the winter bring about scattered rainfalls in this region. The summer monsoon winds from the Indian subcontinent make Chabahar the coolest southern port in the summer and the warmest port of Iran in the winter. It has an average maximum temperature of 34 °C and an average minimum temperature of 21.5 °C. It has the same latitude as Miami in Florida, USA, and temperatures are very similar to those in Miami.

14 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

Martian Mounts Mars or Martian Mounts are a type of badlands stretched out parallel to the sea, starting from Kachoo village up to the proximity of Gwater. Martian Mounts are extremely beautiful and considered to be symbols of the unique geo-morphological phenomena of Chabahar.

Beaches Chabahar Beaches own one of the most scenic coastal areas in Iran. Chabahar Beaches are suitable for many water sports and activities including swimming, diving, snorkeling, canoeing, water skiing, surfing among others.

The rocky coast of Chabahar Coasts along the Oman Sea, particularly in Chabahar, are rocky. Iran’s most beautiful rocky coasts are in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Whales can often be seen frolicking off these coasts.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 15 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Seyyed Gholam Rasoul’s Tomb

According to Muslim accounts, Seyyed Gholam Rasoul, originally known as Seyyedena Mohammad, was an Indian Muslim. On a visit to Chabahar, he decided to marry a local girl, but on his wedding night he fell ill. In his will, he asked others to refrain from mourning for him and instead celebrate for ten nights to secure blessings for his soul. Every year on the 15th of the 11th month of the lunar calendar, a 10-day celebration is held in his memory at his tomb, 5 km to the northwest of Chabahar. During the ceremony, elderly women enter the tomb to say prayers for others and ask God to heal the sick while men stay outside and play music. The tomb has white walls with Indian-style architecture. The exterior of the structure is graced with paintings and religious phrases. This structure was built in the Seljuq era, and its murals were painted later during the Safavid era. The tomb dates back to the 11th century AD.

Lipar Lagoon The pink wetland of Lipar is located just 200 meters from the northern edge of the Oman Sea and south of a namesake village in Chabahar, in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The wetland is one of the alluring natural attractions of the area. What stands out about the wetland, which sits on the edge of Lipar’s seasonal lagoon 20 kilometers to the east of Chabahar, is its water which looks pink. This body of water which is 10 hectares in area, accounts for 90 percent of herbal planktons in the region and is home to a large number of, flora and fauna species.

16 June 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Banmasity Caves In the Shahbazband Mountains, about 25 m above ground level, there are two man-made caves and one natural one. The trio is called Banmasity Caves by locals. In the local language, ban means a pious person and masity is a place of worship. Inside the small natural cave, there is a cubic grave whose dome is 40 cm in height. On three sides of the dome, there are inscriptions and signs in red and purple which are similar to Indian writing. Seven steps away, there is a second cave made of stucco and stone. The third cave is 50 m away. These caves seem to have served as either a shelter or a place of worship. At the entrance to all three caves, there is a platform that seems to have been used for religious rituals.

Mud In the northwest of Chabahar, 20 km away from Kahir Village, in a vast plain there is a mud volcano. Mud volcanoes are remarkable geo-tourist attractions. There are only a handful of mud volcanoes – formations created by geo-exuded slurries and gases – across the world. Sounds similar to gunshots can be frequently heard when such volcanoes are active. The mud volcano in Chabahar is 20 m in height and its crater is 12 m in diameter. Over the several years of activity, the flow of mud has formed a hill around the volcano where no plant can grow.

June 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 17 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Tis Mosque Tis Mosque is located in a beautiful namesake village, 9 km from Chabahar. The mosque was first built 1,000 years ago. Thanks to the single-minaret mosque’s proximity to and India, its architecture and interior design are similar to Pakistani and Indian places of Muslim worship.

Bahu Kalat Plain Bahu Kalat Plain, home to thousands hectares of banana and watermelon farms, is very attractive for domestic and foreign tourists. Portuguese Castle, Tis Village and Lipar Wetland as well as several shopping centers, established in the port, create an unforgettable memory for visitors to the port city.

Mangrove forest This forest is located alongside the Gwater Gulf which have made suitable residence for valuable species of seabirds such as flamingo, eagle, heron, etc.

The road passing through Lipar Lake This is such an amazing route because the road passes through the lake and on one side of the road the water is salty and on the other side there’s sweet water which is used for agriculture. More than that, there is a vast and untouched sandy seacoast on the right and the strange Mars Mountains on the left.

18 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Telegraph House Telegraph House is the oldest modern building in Chabahar which was built by the British in 1864, at the end of the Qajar era, to promote sailing and trade and connect India, Jask (city in Hormozgan Province) and Bandar Abbas. The beautiful structure with sloping slate shutters and arches has been registered as a national monument.

Gwater Castle This castle is located in the farthest South East of Iran, in the direction of coastal road of Gwater-Chabahar on the top of the hill. There are an ancient graveyard and a well in this area. The discovered earthenwares in this place belong to the third millennium B.C.

Historical Port Village This village is 5 kilometer north of Chabahar City and is situated in the opening mouth of Chabahar Gulf. Moghadassi, the historian of the fourth century of Hijra (Islamic Calendar) has written that Tis or Tiz is a small port, but very habitable and highly flourishing. This village is located in the direction of south shores of Iran. Tis used to be considered as the commercial center for sugar and wheat of both Makran and Sistan province in those days.

Portuguese Castle The so-called Portuguese Castle is located on top of a hill in the village of Tis which was an important Iranian seaport during the Achaemenid Empire. The castle five km away from Chabahar was built during the Safavid era. As the Portuguese started to expand their naval fleet in the 16th century, they used the castle as a base to extend their influence in Iran and other Persian Gulf countries. The area where the castle is built on, dates back to the pre-Islamic era. The castle has been registered on the list of Iran’s national heritage sites.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 19 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero Zahedan is a city and capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. It is located near Pakistan and Afghanistan, only about 41 km (25 mi) south of the tri-point of the borders of the three countries, at an altitude of 1,352 m (4,436 ft.) above sea level, and at a distance of 1,605 km (997 mi) from the Iranian capital of Tehran.

History, culture and demographics Zahedan’s inhabitants are largely ethnic Baluch people who speak Baluchi language and Sistanis who speak Persian Sistani, Yazdi and Khorasani. There are also & Balouchestan Province lies on the south-east of the smaller numbers of Pashtuns and Kurds. country and is one of the largest provinces of Iran. Zahedan lies east of Kavir-e Loot desert. The city was This province borders on Soutern Khorasan Province part of the historic region of Sistan, situated today on & Afghanistan on the north, Pakistan & Afghanistan the borders of southeastern Iran and southwestern on the east, Oman Sea on the south and kerman & Afghanistan. One portion is part of the Iranian Sistan Hormozgan provinces on the west. and Baluchestan Province, the other portion is part of The area of the province is 187,500 sq. km, 1600 km Nimruz Province of Afghanistan. joint border with Pakistan & Afghanistan and 300 km The name Sistan comes from ‘Sakastan’, of which Sistan water border on the Coast of Oman Sea. was once the westernmost part. In Ferdowsi’s epic, The province has two different structures. In the north Shahnameh, Sistan is also referred to as Zabulistan, Dasht- e- Sistan formed by Hirmand alluvium holds the after , a city in the region. In Ferdowsi’s epic, fresh water lake as well as Khajeh Mountain. The 120- Zabulistan is in turn described to be the homeland of day winds are a distinguishing feature of this region. the hero Rostam. The southern part is mostly mountainous with a variety Zahedan is surrounded by numerous mountains. Sistan of climates due to the vicinity with Volcano & Oman Sea.

20 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Etymology Up to 1923, the city of Zahedan was known as Dozz- aap. That name was in turn derived from the Persian Dozd-aab, literally meaning “water thief”. This is the name given to a sandy land formation that quickly swallows up any water that falls on it, be it rain or irrigation water. The name was changed to Zahedan by the Iranian Academy of Culture in the 1930s, which changed a great number of places in Iran. The name is taken from the medieval city of Zaidan, whose ruins stretch for miles on both banks of the lower near its inland delta in Iranian Sistan . Although the imposing ruins of medieval Zaidan (destroyed by Tamerlane in the late 14th century) are tens of miles away from modern Zahedan, somehow it was seen fit to rename Dozd-aab after this prestigious historic city.

History Sistan or Nimrouz extending over the the northern part of the province is the birthplace of Rostam, the mythical hero of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Balouchestan of today which forms the southern part of the province was called Maka in the oldest historical documents, and in 1928 the central government was stabilized there.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 21 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Haftad Mulla Cemetery (The Mausoleum of Seventy Clergymen) Town in Sistan and Baluchestan Province has several historical and natural relics, Haftad Mulla Cemetery is one of these unique attractions. These tombs are always under the shadow and they have never seen the direct light of the sun. Some 20 kilometers from Tamin village, in the villages of Zahedan, there is a mausoleum with an approximate area of 50 square meters, known as the Mausoleum of Seventy Mullahs. The cemetery is built in a series of five- story graves located on the slopes of highlands that are nestled in the countryside. Archaeologists believe that the creation of this mausoleum dates back to the middle Ages. The relic was registered as one of Iran’s national relics with the registration number 3826 in May 8th, 2001. Ladiz Village, Cave and Castle 100 km from Zahedan, there is a beautiful village with a wonderful view known as the Ladiz village. An interesting feature of this village is the natural cave with the same name that is located in the heart of the mountains. During the whole year, there are drops of water on the ceiling, as well as a continuous flow of water on the floor, which creates a natural and admirable landscape. Located 17 km southwest of Mirjave, near Tamin Village, there is an interesting and old fortress known as Ladiz Castle. For the foundation of this castle, massive stones were used.

Iran’s Regional Museum of Southeast One of the largest museums in the south-east of Iran is located in Zahedan. It is known as Iran’s Regional Museum of Southeast. This exhibition area, forms a section of the main museum of Zahedan, and comprises of two sections named as the Archaeological and the Anthropological sectors. Discoveries made on excavations in this territory are on display in the former and articles and implements to do with the regional lifestyle is on exhibit in the latter. Since 1990 there are also photographs on permanent display, depicting the livelihood and general mode of life of the inhabitants of this province.

22 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Zahedan Post and Communication Museum In the early 14th century and in 1311 of Persian calendar, a building was constructed in Zahedan with the use of materials such as clay and bricks by the designers to show the native architectural style of the desert. This building was used as a post and telegraph office of Sistan and Baluchestan at the time when it was active. Today, the building has been renovated and functions as the Post and Telecommunication Museum.

The Mineral Spring There is a mineral water spring in Tamin Village of Zahedan City, which is the only supplier of water to the villagers. Also, the presence of mineral salts, the degree of heat and the source of this spring that comes out of a beautiful rock are some of the characteristic features of this natural phenomenon. The temperature of the spring is high during the cold days and low in the hot days of the year. This is a lovely place for tourists to enjoy the natural phenomenon that amazes experts.

Mount Khajeh & Saam’s Castle is a flat-topped hill rising up as an island in the middle of Lake Hamun, in the Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan. It is located on a distance of 28 km. On its southern part of the eastern slope, the ruins of a citadel complex - known as the Ghagha-Shahr - with its remains of a attest to the importance of the island in pre-Islamic Persia. The fire temple is on a terrace behind high walls and is protected by two forts, whose remains are respectively known as Kok-e Zal and Chehel Dokhtaran. Collectively, the ruins are called Qal’a-e Sam “Fort of Sam,” the grandfather of Rostam. The walls of the temple were once extravagantly decorated with murals, some of which are now on display in museums in Tehran, Berlin, New Delhi and New York. This castle has two entrances, one to the north, and the other to the south with a watch tower.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 23 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Ayoubi’s House Built in the early 20th century and in 1311, by the late Mohammad Ali Mahmudi, this mansion has now been functioned to be the traditional workshop of Zahedan.

Nusrat Abad Caravanserai Somewhere around the road of Zahedan to Bam, there are remnants of an old caravansary that is known as Nosrat Abad caravanserai.

Lakes & Rivers The most significant lakes are: Hamun, Jazmourian and Gowater. Among the rivers, Hirmand, Bampoor, Kajo, , and Kahir can be named as the most important ones.

Mountains The most famous mountain is Mt. Taftan with a height of 4300 m which once was an active volcano and now is an interesting target for the climbers all over the country. Other mountains are Mt , Birg, Malek Siah Kooh, and Mt Khajeh.

Handicrafts The most important handicrafts of the province are: Balouchi Needle work, Rug & Carpet weaving, Coin sewing, Mat weaving, Pottery, Jewelry- making, Turnery, Palas- weaving, and silk work.

24 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Music Music in Sistan & Balouchestan is more prominent than other provinces and has always been a source of energy for the people of this area. Instruments like: Qeichak, Robab, Banjo, Tanburak, Doholak and percussion instruments like: Tasht & Kuzeh show the variety of instruments in this area.

Treatment & Sanitation In terms of sanitation and treatment, there are 14 hospitals with more than 2200 beds & 50 medical centers and medical universities in Zabol & Zahedan. The ophthalmology and surgical centers of Zahedan are active throughout the region.

Higher Education More than 45000 students study in 25 higher education centers, among them the most important are: sis & bal university with engineering, human studies & literature and art colleges, Zabol university, Sis & Bal school of Medical sciences in zahedan & zabol, Chabahar university of maritime studies, Islamic Azad university, Payam- e- Noor university & Intl. University of Chabahar. Air transport Air transport is particularly important because of the far distance of the province from the capital and other parts of the country. There are 4 airports in the province with International flights. Zahedan Intl. airport, Zabol, Iranshahr, and Chabahar airports set schedules and share in the country’s air transport.

Border Markets 5 border markets are currently active in Mirjave, Koohak, markets. Pishin, Jalq and Milak. The transit highway from Chabahar Free Zone to Milak, For the time being, annually a considerable volume of mirjave &Milak borders have made good condition for goods is exchanged at Iran-Pakistan border via these commercial activities here.

In April 2008 Zahedan Stadium was built with a seating Zahedan is the capital city of Sistan-o-Baluchestan capacity of 15,000 people. It was inaugurated on 18 province. The land of Iranian mythical heroes narrated April 2008 with a friendly football game between in Shahnameh the eternal work of Hakim Abolqassem Honarmandan (Artists) versus a local team. Ferdowsi

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 25 Around the World www.Mahan.aero

Sightseeings & Landmarks in Larnaca, Cyprus

Located on the southern coast of Cyprus, the beautiful city of Larnaca has been attracting people from all parts of the globe. This is the third largest city, and is well known among tourists for being the city with the breathtaking seafront surrounded by palm trees. Besides the beaches, the city provides a lot of sightseeing places to visit. Take a tour of your choice and visit popular tourist attractions like Salt Lake, St. Lazarus Church and the Kamares Aqueduct, and many more. These attractions showcase not only the beauty but the history of Larnaca as well.

26 June 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Around the World www.Mahan.aero St. Lazarus Church The Church of Saint Lazarus (The Church of Agios Lazaros) is an important religious institution of Larnaca built in the 9th century A.D. Devoted to St. Lazarus, he is said to have lived in Kition for about 30 years after his resurrection by Christ. It is believed that the church is erected upon the empty grave of the saint, who is actually buried in France. Eight days before Easter, the icon of Saint Lazarus is carried in a procession through the streets of Larnaca.

Stavrovouni Monastery The Stavrovouni Monastery is a Greek Orthodox Monastery constructed on the peak of a mountain by the same name in the District of Larnaca. Dedicated to the Holy Cross, the name of the monastery is derived from two words ‘Stavros’ (cross) and ‘Vouno’ (mountain). According to tradition, it was founded in the 4th century by Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, who left a fragment of the Holy Cross to the monastery.

Salt Lake A popular sight in Larnaca, Salt Lake is home to nearly 85 species of migratory water birds like flamingos. About 10,000 flamingos visit the lake every year around January and February. In July-and August, the lake dries up leaving a thick layer of salt measuring up to 10cm deep. In the Middle Ages, the lake was used to mine salt for commercial purposes, but now it is just a tourist attraction. Situated nearby the Salt Lake is the holy site of Hala Sultan Tekke.

Hala Sultan Tekke Hala Sultan Tekke mosque overlooking the Salt Lake is one of the Islamic places and a Muslim pilgrimage site. The mosque also known as Mosque of Umm Haram, is built on the tomb of Umm Haram, wet nurse of Prophet Mohammed and wife of Ouvadas Ibn-as Sami, who led the invasion against Cyprus in 649 and 650 AD. The simple grave has now transformed into a beautiful mosque. Its visited by thousands of pilgrims every year.

June 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 27 Around the World www.Mahan.aero Djami Kebir Mosque The Kebir (Buyuk) mosque is possibly the first Ottoman mosque in Cyprus, and was originally a Catholic church dedicated to St. Catherine in the 13th - 14th century, before its conversion. The oldest reference of its existence is found in a 1747 document of Bekir Pasha, creator of the Larnaka (Larnaca) aqueduct. The document specifies that a public fountain at the mosque should receive water from his aqueduct, and this public fountain still exists outside the mosque today.

Larnaca Marina Larnaca’s 200 berth yachting marina is one of its main attractions. The harbor is lined with lovely palm trees, and from here you can view all the yachts and boats that are sailing in the sea. There are also lots of taverns and cafés at the harbor.

Kamares Aqueduct Built during 1747 to 1750, the Kamares Aqueduct, also called as the Bekir Pasha Aqueduct is located a little on the outskirts of the city of Larnaca and consists of around 75 arches with 20 of those arches still being intact. Noted to be one of the most important constructions during the Ottoman era, the structure was in operation till 1939.

28 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Around the World www.Mahan.aero Ancient Kition The Ancient Kition is located in the north-west of Larnaca and features some temples that date back to 13th century B.C. The ones that are worth visiting are the Phoenician Temple of Astarte and the City Walls. The ruins of the temple, were built on an earlier Bronze Age temple and are dedicated to goddess Astarte. One can also find some remains of tombs made from gold, ivory and bronze.

Choirokoitia This famous site of Larnaca also called Khirokitia, is known to be one of the best-preserved pre-historic sites of the eastern Mediterranean. It contains the remains of a Neolithic settlement dating from 7000 B.C. Located on the main Larnaca-Lemesos road; UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1998. Evidence of the settlement is found in the form of farmers' houses, burnt grains of barley and wheat, tombs and defence walls. The artefacts and remains found here are displayed at the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia.

Zenobia Shipwreck Affectionately known as ‘The Zen’, the Zenobia Wreck in Cyprus is one of the top ten wrecks to dive. Located just 1500 meters off the coast of Larnaca, the famous shipwreck sits 42 meters below the sea level, and contains the original cargo contents, along with certain parts of the ship are still intact.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 29 Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero World Cup 2018: Now & Then 14 June - 15 July

Who has won the World Cup? Who has scored the most goals? Brazil are top of the table, with five tournament German goal machine Miroslav Klose tops the wins. Their last was in 2002. They hosted in chart with 16 across four World Cups. He 2014, but their home tournament came retired in 2016, but has gone to Russia as a to a crashing end with a 7-1 semi-final member of his country's backroom staff. humiliation by Germany. Brazilian Ronaldo is second with 15 goals, No country outside Europe or South eight of which came in their 2002 triumph. America has won the tournament, and France's Just Fontaine holds the record for victories for Germany, Spain and Italy the most goals in a single tournament. in the past three finals mean Europe He scored 13 in six games in the leads with 11 victories to South 1958 tournament. America's nine.

30 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aeroWhat about current players? How does the host team do? Of the players to have scored 10 or more World Cup No one in Brazil will need reminding of the two times goals, only Germany's Thomas Muller is present in they've hosted the World Cup. Losing the title to Russia as a player. Uruguay in 1950 and going out 7-1 to Germany in To join his compatriot Klose at the top of the list, 2014 were national embarrassments. Muller would have to beat his previous record of But most other countries perform better when five goals in a single tournament. they're boosted by home support. Russia also Rafael Marquez, the only defender on followed the trend and got out of their group the list, is going into his fifth World alongside Uruguay. Cup for Mexico with the same scoring So, South Africa remained as the only host record as Cristiano Ronaldo. nation to have been eliminated in the first round.

England may struggle but the Premier League dominates Since their win in 1966, England have only got past the quarter-finals once. But that hasn't stopped other countries filling their squads with players from the English leagues. Even with players such as Leroy Sane, Marcos Alonso, and David Luiz left at home, the Premier League still supplied more players than any other. There were 130 World Cup players registered to clubs from England's top three leagues when the squads were announced, compared with 81 from Spain and 67 from German sides. Uruguay, Panama, Saudi Arabia and Russia are the only countries that have not called up any players based in England. England is also the one country where all 23 players in the squad are from teams in the same league. Sweden and Senegal are at the other end of the spectrum - they're the only two countries without any players from their local league.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 31 Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero The Best FIFA Football Awards™ Ten years of Messi and CR7 – but what’s next?

For the past ten years, Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have shared the title of The Best FIFA Men's Player between them with five wins apiece, and show no signs of slowing down. The tenth anniversary of this duopoly is a good time to cast a critical eye over the heirs to this particular dynasty.

32 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero The crown prince: The shooting star: Neymar (Brazil) Mohamed Salah (Egypt) This stylish attacking player became the most Before moving from Roma to Liverpool in June 2017, expensive footballer of all time when he moved Salah was considered a good but not exceptional from Barcelona to Paris Saint-Germain last summer winger whose defining feature was his pace. Under and has the potential to enjoy as illustrious a career Jurgen Klopp’s playing system he as Messi or Ronaldo. With his powerful has demonstrated hitherto unseen dribbling, intelligent play, excellent finishing finishing abilities and ended last and captivating style, Neymar has all the season as the Premier League’s top goal qualities needed to be named the best in scorer, which earned him numerous the world. Having been sorely missed other individual accolades. Now by Brazil in the 2014 FIFA World Cup™ part of the game’s global elite, semi-final against Germany, he led Salah helped Egypt return to his country to their first-ever gold the World Cup for the first medal at the Men’s Olympic Football time in 28 years. His impressive Tournament two years later, and performance in Russia will help will now be determined to lift the to reinforce his claim to The Best World Cup Trophy in Russia. FIFA Men’s Player throne.

The assist king: The master of understatement: Kevin de Bruyne (Belgium) Harry Kane (England) This title could just as easily be applied to Eden In Harry Kane, England have a world-class striker for Hazard, whose style of play is often more spectacular the first time since Alan Shearer, who came third in the than that of his compatriot and has already earned 1996 FIFA World Player of the Year vote. The 24-year- him a place on the shortlist of the world’s best old stands out for his strength of character, hard players. Yet the assists and incisive passes that De work and incredible sense of space and Bruyne has provided for Manchester City timing. This, combined with his impressive and Belgium in recent years, creating ability to read the game and significantly countless goals for his team-mates in the improved heading, enabled him to churn process, represent football played to the out goals as if from a production line last very highest standard. If Belgium justify season. England coach Gareth Southgate their status as dark horses with an has even handed Kane the captain’s impressive World Cup campaign, armband ahead of the World Cup De Bruyne’s name could end finals in Russia, while transfer up at the top of this year’s rumors have been swirling shortlist for The Best FIFA around him that would lift him to Men’s Player. a similar level as Neymar.

The young prodigy: Kylian Mbappe (France) At just 19 years old, Mbappe is the youngest player on this shortlist and is not just one to watch for 2018 but for the next few years. Despite his age, he is already an incredibly astute and mature goal scorer, as he proved for Monaco in both Ligue 1 and the UEFA Champions League.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 33 Spanish www.Mahan.aero

a cascada del VELILA se encuentra en Mazan- también es muy memorable como los bosques evan- Ldaran, cerca de una aldea del mismo nombre. El gélicos. El Evangélico o Asirio (Evangelio o Evangélico pueblo del VELILA se encuentra en la zona ZIRAB DE o Bengala o Twee o Tahifi o Zwand) es un árbol en SAVADKOUH. La ubicación del pueblo en colinas de los bosques del norte de Irán. El árbol tiene madera baja pendiente con baja altitud hace posible que las dura y sus raíces y hojas tienen usó como tratamiento personas interesadas en un paseo ligero alrededor médico. El árbol evangélico se está extendiendo por de la higuera aprovechen la belleza de esta casca- casi todos los bosques hircanios de Irán en la franja sur da. Desde el pueblo de VELILA, a lo largo de un río, del Mar Caspio. En otoño, las hojas del árbol parecen después de una ruta de 1.5 km cruzarás la cascada. ser de cinco colores: verde, rosa, rojo, naranja, marrón. La altura de la cascada es de 25 metros. Además de la n árbol evangélico es hermoso con una altura alta cascada, los bosques de esta zona son muy atractivos Uy 25 metros. Las hojas evolutivas atraen la may- en primavera y verano y en la temporada de otoño, y or atención. Las hojas violetas jóvenes son rojizas, lu-

34 June 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine VELILA CASCADA Spanish www.Mahan.aero

ego se vuelven verdes oscuro y brillantes en el verano, al pueblo de Lagim, donde se encuentra la hermosa y finalmente en las hojas otoñales están brillantemente e histórica torre de Lagim, o hacia la izquierda, te lle- coloreadas con amarillo, naranja, rojizo, rojo brillante va al pueblo del valle con su gente muy simpático (la y rojo brillante. Y esta diversidad de colores crea her- guía de Imamzadeh de estos dos caminos es tu guía). mosos paisajes. En este sentido, el árbol es adecua- Después de llegar a la mezquita del pueblo y estacio- do para crear vegetación y atraer turistas a nuestros nar el vehículo a lo largo del camino hacia el pueblo de bosques. La madera evangélica es muy dura, y por “SOUKHTEH SARA”, que es polvoriento, está delante eso sentido se la conoce como madera de hierro en de ti. Al poner en este camino de tierra, en el prim- lenguas extranjeras. Para llegar al pueblo del VELILA er camino correcto, el pequeño diagrama identifica el continuamos desde la plaza de la ciudad ZIRAB a la camino de la cascada. Todo el camino está limpio, y derecha. El camino después de cruzar el pueblo de las pequeñas flechas con bisagras que están monta- Otto te lleva a un camino de dos vías. La ruta directa das en algunos árboles ayudan a navegar.

Zeinab sadat serki

VELILA CASCADAJune 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 35

حـول ایـران www.Mahan.aero

مرصد مراغة الفلكي

يقــع مرصــد مراغــة الفلكــي األثري فــي مدينة المرصــد. هــؤالء الخبــراء ومــن بعــد عودتهــم أقــدم نســخة للزيــج االيلخانــي يحتفــظ بهــا مراغــة بمحافظــة آذربيجــان الشــرقية. وكان الــی الصيــن بنــوا مرصــداً فلكيـ ًـا هنــاك فــي المكتبــة الوطنيــة بالعاصمــة الفرنســية ذلــك اكبــر مراصــد العالــم الفلكيــة فــي الفتــرة يضاهــي مرصــد مراغــة. كما تــم بنــاء مراصد باريــس. التاريخيــة التــي ســبقت اختــراع المنظــار. فلكيــة أخــرى علــی غــرار مرصــد مراغــة وعلــی مــدى قــرون، كانــت للزيــج االيلخاني بنــي هــذا المرصــد الفلكــي فــي عــام 657 مثــل مرصــد ســمرقند واســطنبول والهنــد. مكانــة علميــة مرموقــة فــي العديــد مــن هـــ.ق بأمــر مــن القائــد المغولــي هالكوخــان كان مرصــد مراغــة وفضــ ًال عــن قيامــه البــالد فــي ذلــك العصــر بمــا فيهــا الصيــن. حفيــد جنكيزخــان وتحــت إشــراف العالــم برصــد النجــوم، مركــزاً ًعلميــا كبيــراً ّتــدرس هــذا وترجــم الزيــج االيلخانــي فــي ســنة الفلكــي الكبيــر الخواجة نصيرالدين الطوســي. فيــه مختلــف الفــروع العلميــة آنــذاك. 1356 الميالديــة )أي بعــد ثالثمائــة ســنة تــم بنــاء هــذا المرصــد علــی هضبــة غــرب وأخــذ هالكوخــان بعيــن االعتبــار موقوفــات مــن وفــاة الخواجــه نصيرالديــن الطوســي( مراغــه، واســتغرقت عمليــة بنائــه 15 ســنة. خاصــة للحفــاظ علــی هــذا المركــز البحثــي. ولقــي انتشــاراً وا ًســعا فــي أوروبــا. شــارك في انشــاء مرصد مراغــة الفلكي علماء كمــا تــم تزويــد هــذا المرصــد بمكتبــة تضــم أمــا الهضبــة التــي يقــع عليهــا مرصــد مراغــه، مــن أمثــال العالمــة قطــب الديــن فخــر الديــن 400 ألــف عنــوان كتــاب وأدوات فلكيــة بمــا يبلــغ طولهــا 510 وعرضهــا نحــو 217 المراغــي ومحيــي الديــن المغربــي وعلــي بــن فيهــا آلــة ذات الربع الجداري كان يبلغ شــعاعها متــراً، فيمــا يصــل ارتفاعهــا الــی 110 أمتار. محمــود نجــم الديــن األســطرالبي وآخــرون. 430 ســنتيمتراً والكــرات ذات الحلــق وحلقتا يتضمــن مرصــد مراغــة الفلكــي أقســا ًما هــذا وأمــر هالكوخــان بجمــع الكتــب االعتــدال واالنقــالب وحلقــة ســموت. ولــم مختلفــة تتــوزع علی البــرج الرئيــس للمرصد والمؤلفــات واآلالت الفلكيــة والعلميــة التــي يلبــث ان زود هــذا المرصــد فــي عــام 670 والوحــدات الخمــس المــدورة والمكتبــة. غنمهــا جــراء فتــح بغــداد، فــي هــذا المرصد. هـــ.ق )1276 الميالدي( بالزيــج االيلخاني. جديــر بالذكــر أن االمبراطــور الصينــي وأنجــز الزيــج االيلخانــي عالــم الفلــك قوبيــ يال خــان، وهــو أخــو هالكوخــان، الخواجــه نصيرالديــن الطوســي، وذلــك علــی أوفــد خبــراء الــی ايــران وتحديــداً مراغــة ضــوء أعمــال الرصــد التــي أجريــت فــي للتعلــم والتقليــد مــن تصميــم مبنــی هــذا مرصــد مراغــه. حـول ایـران www.Mahan.aero

بيت مشروطة

يقــع بيــت مشــروطة في غــرب ســوق تبريز ايــران وبعــد أن أمــر الملــك القاجــاري وأمــام المســجد الجامــع للمدينــة؛ وكلمــة محمــد علــي شــاه بقصــف مبنــی مشــروطة بالفارســية، تعنــی الدســتورية. »مجلــس الشــورى الوطنــي« االيرانــي هــذا البيــت مــن أشــهر المعالــم التاريخيــة بالمدفعيــة، عقــدوا ًاجتماعــا لهــم فــي فــي مدينــة تبريــز وعلــی مســتوى هــذا البيــت واتخــذوا قــرارات مهمــه ايــران، حيــث كان مقــرا ًألخــذ القــرارات فيمــا يتعلــق بالثــورة الدســتورية. والمبــادرات المهمــه التــي شــهدتها الثــورة كمــا يســتعرض هــذا البيــت التاريخــي الدســتورية فــي ايــران ابــان ذروتهــا. صــوراً ووثائــق وتماثيــل وأشــياء لـ ّـرواده بنــی هــذا البيــت، المعمــاري التبريــزي تعــود الــی فتــرة النهضــة الدســتورية. ومــن »الحــاج ولــي المعمــار« فــي ســنة جملــة هــذه المقتنيــات نذكــر علــی ســبيل 1247 )هـــ.ش( علــی النمــط المعمــاري المثــال، مســدس القائــد الوطنــي االيرانــي المألــوف فــي العهــد القاجــاري. ســتارخان وســجادة تعــرف بالســجادة مــن الجماليــات التــي ّتميــز هــذا الدســتورية والمســتلزمات الشــخصية للقادة البيــت تزييــن المبنــی بنوافــذ األرســية الدســتوريين وتماثيــل عنهــم وكذلــك وثائق وأبــواب مطعمــة بالخشــب وعمــارة وصــور تحكــي الفتــرة التاريخيــة التــي القبعــة االفرنجيــة وفتحــات لإلنــارة. شــهدتها ايــران إبــان الثــورة الدســتورية. هــذا البيــت الــذي تبلــغ مســاحته كمــا يتضمــن هــذا البيــت، صــوراً عــن 1300 متــر مربــع، بنــي فــي طابقيــن. الملكيــن القاجارييــن مظفرالديــن شــاه النوافــذ الخارجيــة للبيــت مزدانــة ومحمــد علــي شــاه والفلــول والجماعــات بزجاجــات أرســية مرتفعــة باأللــوان الثالثة المناهضــة للحركــة الدســتورية وكذلــك آلــة الحمــراء والخضــراء والبيضــاء؛ ممــا یحضــر طباعــة جيالتينيــة الستنســاخ المنشــورات للذهــن األلــوان الثالثــة للعلــم االيرانــي. الدســتورية وصــور عــن الوثائــق هــذا وان لإلنــارة األلــوان منظــرا ًخالبـ ًـا فــي والمســتندات التاريخيــة العائــدة الــی هــذه داخــل البيت. الثــورة والمرســوم الملكــي لالعتــراف يذكــر أن ثــوار الحركــة الدســتورية فــي بتشــكيل الحكومــة الدســتورية. مشتمالت مقبرة عمر الخيام إلــی جانــب قبــر ومتحــف عمــر الخيــام هنــاك أماكــن جميلــة يمكــن للســائح التجــوال فيهــا، مثــل قبــر ســعيد بــن ســالم المغربــي وقبــر الفضــل بــن شــاذان وقبــر حيــدر يغمــا، واألهــم مــن کل ماذکــر قبــرا الشــاعر عطــار النيســابوري والفنــان اإليرانــي الشــهير فــي العهــد القاجــاري كمــال الملــك.

ماهنامه داخل پروازی ماهان Mahan Inflight Magazine اسفند 96 125 السیاحة في ایران مقبرة الشاعر الكبير "عمر الخيام" في نيشابور

دفــن الشــاعر اإليرانــي الكبيــر عمــر الخيــام االبتدائيــة، أن يبــادر كل واحــد منهــم إلــی الشاعر والمنجم فــي مدينــة نيشــابور إحــدى ضواحــي تربيــة زميلــه وتنميــة شــخصيته إذا أصبــح مدينــة مشــهد المقدســة، وقبــره اليــوم ًعالمــا كبيــراً . وعالم الرياضيات علــی هيئــة متحــف باســم خيــام فــي ويحكــي المؤرخــون أن عمــر الخيــام فــي الكبير عمر الخيام وســط حديقــة جميلــة زاخــرة باألشــجار ســنة 452 هـــ بــادر إلــی تدويــن تقويــم المدفون بمدينة الخضــراء الباســقة بحيــث يمكــن اعتبارهــا بالســنة الشمســية "الفارســية" بأمــر مــن واحــدة مــن أجمــل المناطــق فــي مدينــة الحاكــم آنــذاك ملكشــاه وجعــل عيــد النيروز نيشابور والمعروف نيشــابور، لذلــك يقصدهــا الكثيــر مــن أول يــوم منــه وبدايــة لفصــل الربيــع. برباعياته الشهيرة الســائحين سـ ًـنويا وال ســيما فــي فصلــي لــم تذكــر المصــادر التأريخيــة البنايــة الربيــع والصيــف. األولــی التــي شــيدت علــی مقبــرة عمــر هــذا المتحــف الجميــل الــذي يضــم قبــر الخيــام، وهنــاك أخبــار تداولتهــا بعــض الشــاعر عمــر الخيــام يقــع فــي الناحيــة المصــادر التأريخيــة تــدل علــی أنهــا الجنوبيــة الشــرقية مــن مدينــة نيشــابور بعيداً دمــرت فــي القــرن الحــادي عشــر الهجــري عــن المباني الســكنية ولكــن المســافة تكون ثــم بنيــت مــن جديــد، ولكــن هــذا البنــاء قصيــرة حينما يســتقل الســائح ســيارة، إذ ال الجديــد تعــرض للتلــف أيضـ ًـا . يتجــاوز الوقــت للوصــول إليهــا 15 دقيقــة فــي ســنة 1934 م بــادرت الســلطات حتــی إن بلديــة المدينــة خصصــت حافــالت الحاكمــة إلــی بنــاء المقبــرة مــن جديــد ولكنها لنقــل الــركاب إلــی هنــاك. لــم تكــن واســعة ومناســبة، وفــي عــام الشــاعر الــذي يعرفــه النــاس باســم عمــر 1962 م بــادرت دائــرة اآلثــار الســياحية إلــی الخيــام هــو أبــو الفتــح عمــر بــن إبراهيــم تصميــم بنــاء هندســي أفضــل حيــث اســتلهم الخيــام النيســابوري، وإضافــة إلــی كونــه المهندســون والمعماريــون شــكلها مــن أشــعار شــاعراً فقــد كان منجمـ ًـا وعالــم رياضيــات هــذا الشــاعر الكبيــر، فهــي فــي ظاهرهــا حيــث ذاع صيتــه فــي خــارج إيــران أيضـ ًـا، تشــابه القلنســوة الصوفيــة وبشــكل عــام علی ويرجــح المؤرخــون أنــه ولــد فــي ســنة غــرار قطعــة حجــر المــاس المضلــع. 439 هـــ بمدينــة نيشــابور وفــارق الحيــاة ومــا يضفــي جماليــة إلــی هــذه المقبــرة، فــي ســن الثامنــة والثمانيــن بنفــس هــذه أنهــا اليــوم متحــف أثــري وحولهــا حديقــة المدينــة. غنــاء مفعمــة بالزهــور الزاهيــة بــأروع الحكايــات المتداولــة حــول حيــاة هــذا األلــوان إلــی جانــب األشــجار الخضــراء الشــاعر المليئــة باألحــداث ذات طابع الباســقة، وكمــا أن رباعيــات هــذا الشــاعر أســطوري، ومنهــا روايــة تقــول بأنه انتشــرت فــي شــتی أرجــاء العالــم كذلــك تعاهــد مــع الخواجــة نظــام الملــك األزهــار الحمــراء الزاهيــة التــي تغــرس الطوســي وحســن صبــاح حينمــا قــرب مقبرتــه قــد نقلــت بذورهــا الــی كانــوا فــي باكــورة حياتهــم بعــض البلــدان وغرســت هنــاك وهــي تزهــر ويدرســون دراســاتهم اآلن ويعرفهــا النــاس باســمه.