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List of Figures The Dissemination of Divination in Roman Republican Times – A Cognitive Approach PhD Dissertation By Anders Lisdorf 1 List of Figures.......................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables............................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................7 Summary of dissertation................................................................................ 16 Chapter 1 - History of divination as a general phenomenon..................................21 The history of divinatio prior to Cicero............................................................. 21 Cicero’s De divinatione......................................................................................23 Modern treatments of divination as a general term............................................25 Chapter 2 - A History of Modern Divination Research......................................... 29 Foundations - End of the 19th century start of the 20th ....................................30 The British thread ..........................................................................................30 The French thread.......................................................................................... 32 Edward Evans Evans-Pritchard .....................................................................33 Elaborations........................................................................................................35 Summary............................................................................................................ 43 Chapter 3 - Definition and typology of divination.................................................47 Chapter 4 - Impetrative Divination........................................................................ 53 Motivation..........................................................................................................53 Life models.....................................................................................................56 Motivation as a feedback system................................................................... 57 Motivation for divination............................................................................... 59 Summary........................................................................................................ 62 Sign production.................................................................................................. 64 The effect of ritualized action on the evaluation of credibility in divination.69 The effect of different types of ritual techniques........................................... 75 Summary........................................................................................................ 79 Communicative basis..................................................................................... 89 Restricted symbol system...............................................................................93 Utility............................................................................................................. 94 Credibility...................................................................................................... 96 Summary...................................................................................................... 104 Chapter 6 - Cultural epidemiology.......................................................................110 Chapter 7 - Research history on Roman divination............................................. 121 Chronology of research on Roman Divination................................................ 121 Classical philology.......................................................................................121 Anthropology............................................................................................... 123 Post evolutionism.........................................................................................124 Fear and trembling....................................................................................... 125 Manipulation................................................................................................ 126 Drawing lots- chance and ritual................................................................... 127 Recent developments................................................................................... 128 Summary...................................................................................................... 129 Four central theses in the history of Roman Divination.................................. 129 The historical thesis......................................................................................129 The formalist thesis ...................................................................................130 The fear thesis.............................................................................................. 131 The functional thesis.................................................................................... 135 Summary...................................................................................................... 137 2 Chapter 8 - Sources to Roman Divination........................................................... 138 Republican writers........................................................................................... 138 Titus Maccius Plautus (c.250-184 BCE)......................................................138 Marcus Terrentius Varro (116-27 BCE)...................................................... 138 Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BCE)..........................................................139 Dionysius Hallicarnassus (60 BCE- 7 BCE)................................................140 Titus Livius (59 BCE-17 CE)...................................................................... 140 Post-republican writers.....................................................................................141 Verrius Flacchus ..........................................................................................141 Aulus Gellius (130-180 CE).........................................................................141 Valerius Maximus........................................................................................ 141 Gaius Tranquilius Suetonius (c.70 CE - ).................................................... 142 Seneca (4 BCE – 65 CE)..............................................................................142 Gaius Plinius Secundus (23BCE - 79CE).................................................... 142 M. Servius Honoratus ..................................................................................143 Scholia..........................................................................................................143 Material sources: inscriptions, archaeological remains................................... 143 Chapter 9 - Signa impetrativa.............................................................................. 144 Auspices........................................................................................................... 144 Augurium..................................................................................................... 144 Auspicium ................................................................................................... 148 Auspicium ex tripudio..................................................................................153 Other kinds of auspicium............................................................................. 157 Sortition............................................................................................................160 Public sortition............................................................................................. 160 Private sortition............................................................................................ 163 Sortition oracles........................................................................................... 164 Extispicy...........................................................................................................166 Public extispicy............................................................................................ 167 Private extispicy...........................................................................................170 Sibylline books.................................................................................................173 Miscellaneous divination................................................................................. 174 Vates.............................................................................................................174 Astrology......................................................................................................175 Conclusion........................................................................................................176 Motivation....................................................................................................176 Ritualization................................................................................................. 176 Categories employed in technique............................................................... 177 Direct prestige.............................................................................................. 178 Indirect prestige............................................................................................178
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