Oral History Interview with Hon. Alfred E. Alquist
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California State Archives State Government Oral History Program Oral History Interview with ALFRED E. ALQUIST California State Assembly 1962-1966 California State Senate 1966-1996 May 13, 1997, May 14, 1997 and May 15, 1997 Sacramento, California By Donald B. Seney California State Archives INTERVIEW HISTORY InterviewerlEditor: Donald B. Seney Professor, Department ofGovemment, California State University, Sacramento B.A., San Jose State College [Political Science] M.A., Ph.D., University ofWashington, Seattle [Political Science] Interview Time and Place: May 13, 1997 Office ofAssemblymember Elaine Alquist, Sacramento, California Session ofone and one-halfhour May 14, 1997 Office ofAssemblymember Elaine Alquist, Sacramento, California Session oftwo hours May 15, 1997 Office ofAssemblymember Elaine Alquist, Sacramento, California Session ofone hour and forty minutes Editing: Dr. Seney checked the verbatim manuscript ofthe interview against the original tape recordings, edited for punctuation, paragraphing, and spelling, and verified proper names. Insertions by the editor are bracketed. The interviewer also prepared the introductory materials. Senator Alquist reviewed a copy ofthe edited transcript and returned the transcript with only minor corrections. Papers: No private papers were consulted by the interviewer for this interview. Tapes and Interview Records: The original tape recordings ofthe interview are in the University Archives, The Library, California State University, Sacramento, along with the records relating to the interview. Master tapes are preserved at the California State Archives. Editors Note: Senator Alquist was interviewed in 1986, for the California State Archives, State Government Oral History Program, by the Regional Oral History Office ofthe University of California at Berkeley. That interview is published in a separate volume. 11 BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY Senator Alquist was the son ofan indentured servant who came from Sweden to work for the Illinois Central Railroad. Born August 2, 1908, he also went to work for the railroad at age 14. By the early 1950s he had moved to the Santa Clara Valley to work for the Southern Pacific Railroad where he rose to be Yardmaster in San Jose. He joined the California Democratic Club and from there launched his first bid for the state legislature in 1960. He lost that race, but after the 1960 reapportionment he tried again and won when the district now reflected the emerging Democratic majority in Santa Clara County. He was elected to the State Senate in 1966, after the one-man one-vote ruling had required that the State Senate be reapportioned to reflect population. He continued to serve in the State Senate until he was forced from office by term limits in 1996. This second interview ofSenator Alquist covers the last ten years ofhis senate career and focuses on the period 1986-1996. During this period he chaired the Senate's powerful Budget and Fiscal Review Committee. From that vantage point he was an active participant in the hectic budget formation process ofthat ten year period. This was a period ofeconomic recession and economic growth; a period that placed severe strains.on the state's ability to meet its needs and even, at times, to pay its bills. During this last ten years ofhis long career, he also authored bills dealing with transportation, the problems caused by increased immigration, fought for more funds for education, supported a woman's right to choose when~anti-abortion legislation was introduced, supported the growing electronics industry in his district, introduced bills dealing with the problems ofthe homeless and generally fought for what he regards as his moderate views ofpolitics and political life. He left office in good health and filled with the work ethic that propelled him all his life. At the present time he is serving as an unpaid assistant in the office ofhis wife, Assemblymember Elaine Alquist. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTERVIEW HISTORY 1 BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY iii SESSION 1, May 13, 1997 [Tape 1, Side A] : 1 The 1970 and the '80 and the '90 reapportionment--A majority/minority district--Immigration and the need to become Americanized--Learning about immigration problems along the Mexican border--Proposition 187- Senator Alquist's 1992 reelection--The Democratic Party in Santa Clara County and getting into politics. [Tape 1, SideB] 15 Getting into politics in Santa Clara County and the CDC--First campaign for office--Running successfully for the Assembly, 1962--The Democratic Party in Santa Clara County--Senator Alquist rated as a liberal by the California Journal--The old Guard in the State Senate--Senator Howard Way as President Pro Tem--Senator Mills becomes Pro Tem--How Senator Collier acted as Committee Chair--The Government Organization Committee in the Senate--The Leadership styles ofMills and Roberti- Dividing the Appropriations Committee--The Politics ofGay Rights. [Tape 2, Side A] 30 Gay Rights and A.B. 101--Following David Roberti as leader--The use of the initiative process--Wine tax legislation--The rise ofthe Right Wing in California politics--Ken Maddy as Republican Senate Leader--The qualities that make a good senator--The high level ofeducation in Santa Clara County--Other qualities important in a senator--Senators convicted ofcrimes and ShrimpScam--Relations with lobbyists and raising campaign funds--Voting not to expel Frank Hill from the Senate--The Robbins and Montoya convictions--How lobbyists work. SESSION 2, May 14, 1997 [Tape 3, Side A] 47 The unitary tax and linking it to South African investments--Using Senator Alquist's bills to pass other bills--Vetoing legislation--Legislation concerning AIDS--Legislation on the homeless--Agnews State Hospital and the care ofthe mentally ill--The saving ofCalTrain on the Peninsula- Abortion and state funding--Abortion and religious values--Earthquake safety legislation. [Tape 3, Side B] 63 Lifting interest rate limits on charge accounts--Legislation regulating ATM fees--The Correctional Peace Officers Association and the Santa Clara County Jail--Senator Alquist considers a run for statewide office in 1994--Longevity in the Alquist Family--Combining the Board of Equalization and the Department ofFinance--The California Citizens Compensation Commission and the issue oflegislative pay--Senator Alquist sponsors constitutional amendment calling for one house legislature--Disentangling the Appropriations and Budget and Fiscal Review Committees--Committee service in the legislature--Removing Senator Collier from the Finance Committee--Senator Al Rodda--Senator Alquists style in running committees. [Tape 4, Side A] 79 Running committees and a conflict with Assemblyman Peace--How the Senate works, putting bills in the inactive file--Peace is elected to the Senate--The 1986 and 1996 budgets--The effect ofthe Gann Limitations- Deukmejian and the prudent reserves he wanted in his budgets--Escalating property taxes in the 1970s--Proposition 13--The 1986 budget and revenue estimates--The process ofdrawing up and approving the budget--How the Budget and Fiscal Review Committee works--Working with the governors on the budget--Ronald Reagan as Governor--Jerry Brown as Governor- Pat Brown as Governor--George Deukmejian as Governor. [Tape 4, Side B] 95 Naming the Alfred E. Alquist State Office Building in San Jose--George Deukmejian as a Senator, Attorney General and Governor--The rejection ofMichael Franchetti as Finance Director--The issue ofthe Governor's Mansion--The 1988 budget--The relationship between School Superintendent Bill Honig and Governor Deukmejian--Attempts by Honig to change the Gann Limits--Governors usually win the budget battles- Honig and Deukmejian. SESSION 3, May 15, 1997 [Tape 5, Side A] 112 The effect ofmedia and politics on budgets--School funding in California -The last Deukmejian budget--The political background to Proposition 13 and the last Deukmejian budget--Proposition 98 and its effect on the budget process--Teachers' salaries and the costs ofadministration--The 1990 budget is approved after the mandated deadline--The use of Conference Committees in the budget process--The demands on the budget ofeducation and immigration--More on the Conference Committees--The staffmg ofthe budget and finance committees--What was discussed in the Conference Committee. [Tape 5, Side B] 128 The operations ofthe Conference Committee on the budget--The capital outlay budget process--Rules governing the Conference Committee- Abortion and the budget process--Suspending cost ofliving allowances in the '89-'90 budget--Deficit estimates in the '90-'91 budget--Wilson and the budget process--Rolling over the deficit and other budget balancing tricks--The state's credit rating and the use ofbonds for construction costs -Revenue projections--Budget negotiations between the governor and the legislative leaders--Enjoying the legislative and budget process--Tax increases in the '91-'92 budget--Cuts in welfare spending--Working with Governor Wilson--The '92-'93 budget. [Tape 6, Side A] 146 The issuing ofwarrants to cover state expenses in 1992--Wilson takes a hard line on the '92-'93 budget--The '93-'94 budget--Governor Wilson and Speaker Brown in the budget process--Roberti's role in the budget process--Being Chair ofthe Budget and Fiscal Review Committee confers power--More on the '93-'94 budget--The need for a two-thirds vote to pass the budget--The 1994 election for Governor--Using Clint Riley as a consultant to Senate campaigns for Democrats--The '94-'95 budget--The '95-'96 budget--Senator