Mushrooms on Stamps

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Mushrooms On Stamps Paul J. Brach Scientific Name Edibility Page(s) Amanita gemmata Poisonous 3 Amanita inaurata Not Recommended 4-5 Amanita muscaria v. formosa Poisonous (hallucenogenic) 6 Amanita pantherina Deadly Poisonous 7 Amanita phalloides Deadly Poisonous 8 Amanita rubescens Not Recommended 9-11 Amanita virosa Deadly Poisonous 12-14 Aleuria aurantiaca Edible 15 Sarcocypha coccinea Edible 16 Phlogiotis helvelloides Edible 17 Leccinum aurantiacum Good Edible 18 Boletus parasiticus Not Recommended 19 For this presentation I chose the species for Cantharellus cibarius Choice Edible 20 their occurrence in our 5 county region Cantharellus cinnabarinus Choice Edible 21 Coprinus atramentarius Poisonous 22 surrounding Rochester, NY. My intent is to Coprinus comatus Choice Edible 23 show our stamp collecting audience that an Coprinus disseminatus Edible 24 Clavulinopsis fusiformis Edible 25 artist's rendition of a fungi species depicted Leotia viscosa Harmless 26 on a stamp could be used akin to a Langermannia gigantea Choice Edible 27 Lycoperdon perlatum Good Edible 28-29 guidebook for the study of mushrooms. Entoloma murraii Not Recommended 30 Most pages depict a photograph and related Morchella esculenta Choice Edible 31-32 Russula rosacea Not Recommended (bitter) 33 stamp of the species, along with an edibility Laetiporus sulphureus Choice Edible 34 icon. Enjoy… but just the edible ones! Polyporus squamosus Edible 35 Choice/Good Edible Harmless Not Recommended Poisonous Deadly Poisonous 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Amanita rubescens (blusher) 9 10 Amanita rubescens (blusher) 11 Amanita virosa (destroying angel) 12 13 14 Aleuria aurantiaca (orange peel fungus) 15 Sarcoscypha coccinea (scarlet cup fungus) 16 Phlogiotis helvelloides (apricot jelly fungus) 17 Leccinum aurantiacum (red-cap scaber stalk) 18 Boletus parasiticus (parasitic bolete) 19 Cantharellus cibarius (chanterelle) 20 21 22 Coprinus comatus (shaggy mane) 23 Coprinus disseminatus (fairy helmets) 24 25 Leotia viscosa (green-headed jelly club) 26 27 28 29 30 Morchella esculenta (common (yellow) morel) 31 32 33 Laetiporus sulphureus (sulfur polypore) 34 35.

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Four Patients with Amanita Phalloides Poisoning CASE SERIE
CASE SERIE 353 Four patients with Amanita Phalloides poisoning S. Vanooteghem1, J. Arts2, S. Decock2, P. Pieraerts3, W. Meersseman4, C. Verslype1, Ph. Van Hootegem2 (1) Department of hepatology, UZ Leuven ; (2) Department of gastroenterology, AZ St-Lucas, Brugge ; (3) General Practitioner, Zedelgem ; (4) Department of internal medicine, UZ Leuven. Abstract because they developed stage 2 hepatic encephalopathy. With maximal supportive therapy, all patients gradually Mushroom poisoning by Amanita phalloides is a rare but poten- improved from day 3 and recovered without the need for tially fatal disease. The initial symptoms of nausea, vomiting, ab- dominal pain and diarrhea, which are typical for the intoxication, liver transplantation. They were discharged from the can be interpreted as a common gastro-enteritis. The intoxication hospital between 6 to 10 days after admission. can progress to acute liver and renal failure and eventually death. Recognizing the clinical syndrome is extremely important. In this case report, 4 patients with amatoxin intoxication who showed the Discussion typical clinical syndrome are described. The current therapy of amatoxin intoxication is based on small case series, and no ran- Among mushroom intoxications, amatoxin intoxica- domised controlled trials are available. The therapy of amatoxin intoxication consists of supportive care and medical therapy with tion accounts for 90% of all fatalities. Amatoxin poison- silibinin and N-acetylcysteine. Patients who develop acute liver fail- ing is caused by mushroom species belonging to the gen- ure should be considered for liver transplantation. (Acta gastro- era Amanita, Galerina and Lepiota. Amanita phalloides, enterol. belg., 2014, 77, 353-356). commonly known as the “death cap”, causes the majority Key words : amanita phalloides, mushroom poisoning, acute liver of fatal cases.
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Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum
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AMATOXIN MUSHROOM POISONING in NORTH AMERICA 2015-2016 by Michael W
VOLUME 57: 4 JULY-AUGUST 2017 www.namyco.org AMATOXIN MUSHROOM POISONING IN NORTH AMERICA 2015-2016 By Michael W. Beug: Chair, NAMA Toxicology Committee Assessing the degree of amatoxin mushroom poisoning in North America is very challenging. Understanding the potential for various treatment practices is even more daunting. Although I have been studying mushroom poisoning for 45 years now, my own views on potential best treatment practices are still evolving. While my training in enzyme kinetics helps me understand the literature about amatoxin poisoning treatments, my lack of medical training limits me. Fortunately, critical comments from six different medical doctors have been incorporated in this article. All six, each concerned about different aspects in early drafts, returned me to the peer reviewed scientific literature for additional reading. There remains no known specific antidote for amatoxin poisoning. There have not been any gold standard double-blind placebo controlled studies. There never can be. When dealing with a potentially deadly poisoning (where in many non-western countries the amatoxin fatality rate exceeds 50%) treating of half of all poisoning patients with a placebo would be unethical. Using amatoxins on large animals to test new treatments (theoretically a great alternative) has ethical constraints on the experimental design that would most likely obscure the answers researchers sought. We must thus make our best judgement based on analysis of past cases. Although that number is now large enough that we can make some good assumptions, differences of interpretation will continue. Nonetheless, we may be on the cusp of reaching some agreement. Towards that end, I have contacted several Poison Centers and NAMA will be working with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
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Toxicological and Pharmacological Profile of Amanita Muscaria (L.) Lam
Pharmacia 67(4): 317–323 DOI 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56112 Review Article Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine Maria Voynova1, Aleksandar Shkondrov2, Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina1, Ilina Krasteva2 1 Laboratory of Drug metabolism and drug toxicity, Department “Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria Corresponding author: Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina ([email protected]) Received 2 July 2020 ♦ Accepted 19 August 2020 ♦ Published 26 November 2020 Citation: Voynova M, Shkondrov A, Kondeva-Burdina M, Krasteva I (2020) Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine. Pharmacia 67(4): 317–323. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67. e56112 Abstract Amanita muscaria, commonly known as fly agaric, is a basidiomycete. Its main psychoactive constituents are ibotenic acid and mus- cimol, both involved in ‘pantherina-muscaria’ poisoning syndrome. The rising pharmacological and toxicological interest based on lots of contradictive opinions concerning the use of Amanita muscaria extracts’ neuroprotective role against some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, its potent role in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and other socially significant health conditions gave the basis for this review. Facts about Amanita muscaria’s morphology, chemical content, toxicological and pharmacological characteristics and usage from ancient times to present-day’s opportunities in modern medicine are presented. Keywords Amanita muscaria, muscimol, ibotenic acid Introduction rica, the genus had an ancestral origin in the Siberian-Be- ringian region in the Tertiary period (Geml et al.
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Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric)
J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48: 85–91 | doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2018.119 PAPER Amanita muscaria (fly agaric): from a shamanistic hallucinogen to the search for acetylcholine HistoryMR Lee1, E Dukan2, I Milne3 & Humanities The mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) is widely distributed Correspondence to: throughout continental Europe and the UK. Its common name suggests MR Lee Abstract that it had been used to kill flies, until superseded by arsenic. The bioactive 112 Polwarth Terrace compounds occurring in the mushroom remained a mystery for long Merchiston periods of time, but eventually four hallucinogens were isolated from the Edinburgh EH11 1NN fungus: muscarine, muscimol, muscazone and ibotenic acid. UK The shamans of Eastern Siberia used the mushroom as an inebriant and a hallucinogen. In 1912, Henry Dale suggested that muscarine (or a closely related substance) was the transmitter at the parasympathetic nerve endings, where it would produce lacrimation, salivation, sweating, bronchoconstriction and increased intestinal motility. He and Otto Loewi eventually isolated the transmitter and showed that it was not muscarine but acetylcholine. The receptor is now known variously as cholinergic or muscarinic. From this basic knowledge, drugs such as pilocarpine (cholinergic) and ipratropium (anticholinergic) have been shown to be of value in glaucoma and diseases of the lungs, respectively. Keywords acetylcholine, atropine, choline, Dale, hyoscine, ipratropium, Loewi, muscarine, pilocarpine, physostigmine Declaration of interests No conflicts of interest declared Introduction recorded by the Swedish-American ethnologist Waldemar Jochelson, who lived with the tribes in the early part of the Amanita muscaria is probably the most easily recognised 20th century. His version of the tale reads as follows: mushroom in the British Isles with its scarlet cap spotted 1 with conical white ﬂ eecy scales.
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Peptide Chemistry up to Its Present State
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Forest Fungi in Ireland
FOREST FUNGI IN IRELAND PAUL DOWDING and LOUIS SMITH COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development Arena House Arena Road Sandyford Dublin 18 Ireland Tel: + 353 1 2130725 Fax: + 353 1 2130611 © COFORD 2008 First published in 2008 by COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development, Dublin, Ireland. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from COFORD. All photographs and illustrations are the copyright of the authors unless otherwise indicated. ISBN 1 902696 62 X Title: Forest fungi in Ireland. Authors: Paul Dowding and Louis Smith Citation: Dowding, P. and Smith, L. 2008. Forest fungi in Ireland. COFORD, Dublin. The views and opinions expressed in this publication belong to the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of COFORD. i CONTENTS Foreword..................................................................................................................v Réamhfhocal...........................................................................................................vi Preface ....................................................................................................................vii Réamhrá................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements...............................................................................................ix
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The Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Amanita Phalloides Was Introduced and Is
Molecular Ecology (2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04030.x TheBlackwell Publishing Ltd ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita phalloides was introduced and is expanding its range on the west coast of North America ANNE PRINGLE,* RACHEL I. ADAMS,† HUGH B. CROSS* and THOMAS D. BRUNS‡ *Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Laboratories, 16 Divinity Avenue, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, †Department of Biological Sciences, Gilbert Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA, ‡Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Abstract The deadly poisonous Amanita phalloides is common along the west coast of North America. Death cap mushrooms are especially abundant in habitats around the San Francisco Bay, California, but the species grows as far south as Los Angeles County and north to Vancouver Island, Canada. At different times, various authors have considered the species as either native or introduced, and the question of whether A. phalloides is an invasive species remains unanswered. We developed four novel loci and used these in combination with the EF1α and IGS loci to explore the phylogeography of the species. The data provide strong evidence for a European origin of North American populations. Genetic diversity is generally greater in European vs. North American populations, suggestive of a genetic bottleneck; polymorphic sites of at least two loci are only polymorphic within Europe although the number of individuals sampled from Europe was half the number sampled from North America. Endemic alleles are not a feature of North American populations, although alleles unique to different parts of Europe were common and were discovered in Scandinavian, mainland French, and Corsican individuals.
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Amanita Muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths
Entry Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths Quentin Carboué * and Michel Lopez URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Definition: Amanita muscaria is the most emblematic mushroom in the popular representation. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus endemic to the cold ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The basidiocarp contains isoxazoles compounds that have specific actions on the central nervous system, including hallucinations. For this reason, it is considered an important entheogenic mushroom in different cultures whose remnants are still visible in some modern-day European traditions. In Siberian civilizations, it has been consumed for religious and recreational purposes for millennia, as it was the only inebriant in this region. Keywords: Amanita muscaria; ibotenic acid; muscimol; muscarine; ethnomycology 1. Introduction Thanks to its peculiar red cap with white spots, Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. is the most iconic mushroom in modern-day popular culture. In many languages, its vernacular names are fly agaric and fly amanita. Indeed, steeped in a bowl of milk, it was used to Citation: Carboué, Q.; Lopez, M. catch flies in houses for centuries in Europe due to its ability to attract and intoxicate flies. Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Although considered poisonous when ingested fresh, this mushroom has been consumed Myths. Encyclopedia 2021, 1, 905–914. as edible in many different places, such as Italy and Mexico [1]. Many traditional recipes https://doi.org/10.3390/ involving boiling the mushroom—the water containing most of the water-soluble toxic encyclopedia1030069 compounds is then discarded—are available. In Japan, the mushroom is dried, soaked in brine for 12 weeks, and rinsed in successive washings before being eaten [2].
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Natur Und Heimat Floristische, Faunistische Und Ökologische Berichte
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Foraged Mushroom Toxicity Presenting to Urgent Care with Acute Kidney Injury
CME: This article is offered for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit.™ Visit Case Report https://www.urgentcarecme.com/bundles/jucm-cme for further details. Foraged Mushroom Toxicity Presenting to Urgent Care with Acute Kidney Injury Urgent message: Though it occurs relatively rarely, mushroom toxicity can result in irreversible organ damage and, in certain cases, death if not recognized quickly. Diagnosis can be difficult due to the facts that toxicity may present at different intervals from time of ingestion, de- pending on the species of mushroom, and initial symptoms are nonspecific and similar to those of benign gastrointestinal illnesses. Timely consultation with a poison control center may be life-saving. MICHELE L. STOWE, PA-C, MPAS and JOSHUA W. RUSSELL, MD, MSC, FAAEM, FACEP Introduction ushroom foraging is a popular activity in the U.S. MPacific Northwest (PNW). Based on cultural traditions, many Asian and European immigrants commonly forage for mushrooms, as well. A case of mush room misidentification may occur when a poisonous species in the U.S. is mistaken for an edible species in an indi- vidual’s country of origin, which occurs most commonly among species from Europe and Asia. There are also poi- sonous local native species which can be confused with edible species with similar appearances. Amanita smithi- ana is an example of a poisonous native PNW mush- room which is similar in appearance to, and grows in the same densely forested habitat as, an edible species: the pine mushroom (or matsutake as it is known in Asia), which is used in many traditional Asian dishes.1 Amanita smithiana is known to cause delayed renal failure when ingested, due to the nephrotoxic com- pound allenic norleucine.2 Gastrointestinal symptoms generally begin within 6 hours of ingestion, but renal toxicity does not manifest until 1 to 4 days after inges- ©AdobeStock.com tion; as such, it may not be evident on initial laboratory evaluation.
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083 Toxicity of Ibotenic Acid and Muscimol Containing Mushrooms Reported to a Regional Poison Control Center from 2002-2016 Mich
083 Toxicity of ibotenic acid and muscimol containing mushrooms reported to a regional poison control center from 2002-2016 Michael Moss 1,2 , Robert Hendrickson 1,2 1Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA, 2Oregon Poison Center, Portland, OR, USA Background: Amanita muscaria (AM) and Amanita pantherina (AP) contain ibotenic acid and muscimol and may cause both excitatory and sedating symptoms. A "typical" syndrome of accidental ingestion with CNS depression in adults and CNS excitation in children and a paucity of GI symptoms or respiratory depression are based on relatively few reported cases with these mushrooms in North America. Research Question: What are the clinical effects of ibotenic acid/muscimol containing mushroom toxicity? Methods: Retrospective review of ingestions of ibotenic acid/muscimol containing mushrooms reported to a regional poison center from 2002-2016. Cases were included if identification was made by a mycologist or if AM was described as a red/orange mushroom with white spots. Results: Thirty-five cases met inclusion criteria. There were 24 cases of AM, 10 AP, and 1 A. aprica. Reason for ingestion included foraging (12), recreational (5), accidental (12), therapeutic (1), and self- harm (1). Of the accidental pediatric ingestions 4 (25%) were symptomatic. None of the children with a symptomatic ingestion of AM required admission. A 3-year old male who ingested AP developed vomiting, agitation, and lethargy. He was intubated and had a 3-day ICU stay. There were 25 symptomatic patients in total. All but one developed symptoms within 6 hours. Duration of symptoms was: <6 hours (6, 24%), 6-24 hours (15, 60%), >24 hours (1, 4%), and unreported (3, 12%).
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