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Peptide Chemistry up to Its Present State

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Peptide Chemistry up to Its Present State Appendix In this Appendix biographical sketches are compiled of many scientists who have made notable contributions to the development of peptide chemistry up to its present state. We have tried to consider names mainly connected with important events during the earlier periods of peptide history, but could not include all authors mentioned in the text of this book. This is particularly true for the more recent decades when the number of peptide chemists and biologists increased to such an extent that their enumeration would have gone beyond the scope of this Appendix. 250 Appendix Plate 8. Emil Abderhalden (1877-1950), Photo Plate 9. S. Akabori Leopoldina, Halle J Plate 10. Ernst Bayer Plate 11. Karel Blaha (1926-1988) Appendix 251 Plate 12. Max Brenner Plate 13. Hans Brockmann (1903-1988) Plate 14. Victor Bruckner (1900- 1980) Plate 15. Pehr V. Edman (1916- 1977) 252 Appendix Plate 16. Lyman C. Craig (1906-1974) Plate 17. Vittorio Erspamer Plate 18. Joseph S. Fruton, Biochemist and Historian Appendix 253 Plate 19. Rolf Geiger (1923-1988) Plate 20. Wolfgang Konig Plate 21. Dorothy Hodgkins Plate. 22. Franz Hofmeister (1850-1922), (Fischer, biograph. Lexikon) 254 Appendix Plate 23. The picture shows the late Professor 1.E. Jorpes (r.j and Professor V. Mutt during their favorite pastime in the archipelago on the Baltic near Stockholm Plate 24. Ephraim Katchalski (Katzir) Plate 25. Abraham Patchornik Appendix 255 Plate 26. P.G. Katsoyannis Plate 27. George W. Kenner (1922-1978) Plate 28. Edger Lederer (1908- 1988) Plate 29. Hennann Leuchs (1879-1945) 256 Appendix Plate 30. Choh Hao Li (1913-1987) Plate 31. A.J.P. Martin Plate 32. Miguel A. Ondetti Plate 33. Yuri A. Ovchinnikov (1934- 1988) Appendix 257 Plate 34. Linus Pauling, 40 years a-Helix "We have now used this information (about interatomic distances, bond angles and other ... [the author]) to construct two reason­ able hydrogen-bonded helical configurations for the polypeptide chain; we think that it is likely that these configurations constitute an impor­ tant part of the structure of both fibrous and globular proteins, as well as of synthetic poly­ peptides". (From Linus Pauling, Robert B. Corey and H.R. Branson, The structure of proteins: two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain, Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA 37: 205-211, 1951) Plate 35. Iphigenia Ph otaki (1921-1983) with Leonidas Zervas 258 Appendix Plate 36. H. Norman Rydon Plate 37. Shumpei Sakakibara Plate 38. Frederick Sanger Plate 39. Robert Schwyzer Appendix 259 Plate 40. Ernesto ScofTone Plate 41. John C. Sheehan Plate 42. M.M. Shemyakin Plate 43. Tetsuo Shiba 260 Appendix Plate 44. R.L.M. Synge Plate 45. Emil Taschner (1900-1982) Plate 46. Wang Yu Plate 47. Friedrich Wessely von Kamegg (1897-1967) (Courtesy Prof. K. Schliigl) Appendix 261 Plate 48. Friedrich Weygand (1911-1969) Plate 49. Bernhard Witkop Plate 50. Robert B. Wordward Plate 51. Erich Wunsch 262 Appendix Plate 52. Haruaki Yajima Plae 53. Geoffrey T. Young Plate 54. The insulin group of Helmut Zahn (Photo M. Forschelen, Aachen) from left: H. Bremer, O. Brinkhoff, H. Zahn, R. Zabel, E. Schnabel, J. Meienhofer Appendix 263 Plate 55. Leonidas Zervas (1902-1980) at the age of about 60 264 Appendix Abderhalden. Emil, 1877-1950 (p. 34, Plate 8) born in Oberuzwil, Switzerland, studied medicine in Basel where he graduated as M.D. in 1902. In the same year he moved to Berlin to join Emil Fischer, where he combined chemistry with enzymology (p. 35). In 1908, he was appointed Professor of Physiological Chemistry at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Berlin. In 1911 he became Professor and Head of the Institute of Physiology of the University of Halle/Saale where he worked on the physiology and biochemistry of pep tides, proteins and enzymes. Abderhalden was President of the "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina" from 1931 until 1945, the year in which he and his family were moved to West Germany by American troops. He died in 1950 in Ziirich, Switzerland. Akabori, Shiro (p. 116, Plate 9) born in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, in 1900, graduated from Tohoku Imperial University in 1925, research associate in the laboratory of Prof. Toshiyuki Majima and received his Doctor of Science degree from the same university in 1931. He studied in the laboratory of Prof. E. Waldschmidt-Leitz in the German University at Prague, Czechoslovakia from 1932 to 1934, appointed as Assistant Professor at Osaka Imperial University in 1935 where he advanced to full Professor (1939), Dean of the Faculty of Science (1947), and the President (1969). He established the Insitute for Protein Research at Osaka University and served as the first Director of the Insitute (1957). Since retiring from Osaka University (1965), he has been the President and a trustee of the Protein Research Foundation to which the Peptide Institute belongs. He is a member of the Japanese Academy, and a member of numerous foreign Academies. Bayer. Ernst (pp. 54, 234, Plate 10) born in 1927 in Ludwigshafen/Rhine, studied chemistry in Heidelberg, FreiburgfBr. Dr. rer. nat. 1954, from 1958 at the Technical University, Karlsruhe and University of Tiibingen, there associate professor in 1962, full professor in 1965. Bergmann. Max, 1886-1944 (p. 45, Plate 3) born in 1886 in Fiirth, Bavaria, begun studies of botany at the Technical Highschool in Munich, transferred to chemistry in E. Fischers laboratory in Berlin, where he worked on his doctoral thesis, 1911. Fischer engaged him as assistant in his personal laboratory to work in the field of, among other topics, amino acids and peptides. In 1920 he was appointed Acting Director at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute for Fiber Research in Berlin-Dahlem. In 1922 he moved to Dresden as Director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute for Leather Research, where he, with Leonidas Zervas, invented the benzyloxycarbonyl group for the reversible protection of amino groups (p. 46). In 1934, Bergmann had to leave Nazi Germany. He was kindly received by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City, where he successfully continued his investigations of amino acids and peptides with excellent collaborators (S. Moore, E. Stein et al.) (see p. 50) Bergmann died in 1944,58 years old, after a long illness in New York. Biemann. Klaus (p. 128) born in Innsbruck, Austria in 1926. He studied chemistry at his home Univ., and received his PhD in 1951. He was instructor of chemistry there until 1955 when he became Professor of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge USA and has applied mass spectrometIY. in his investigations since then. Blaha. Karel, 1926-1987 (pp. 122,231, Plate ll)was born in 1926 near Pilsen, Bohemia. In 1949, after graduating in chemistry at the Technical University in Prague, he joined -the Laboratory of Heterocyclic compounds led by Rudolf Lukes where he worked and gained experience of organic chemistry in depth. In 1960, Blaha went to the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, and started his successful research in peptide chemistry, at first as a coworker of Joseph Rudinger, and after Rudinger's emigration (1968) his successor as Head of the Department. Bodanszky, Miklos born in 1915 in Budapest, Hungary, received his doctorate at the Technical University of Budapest. After a few years in the pharmaceutical industry he was appointed as Head of the natural products department of the Institute for Medical Research and at the time became a lecturer in Medicinal Chemistry at the Technical University of Budapest. His work on active esters Appendix 265 started in this period (p.85). In 1956, he left Hungary and joined V. du Vigneaud, at Cornell University Medical School in New York City. Here he demonstrated the stepwise strategy in a novel synthesis of oxytocin. In 1959 he joined the Squibb Institute for Medical Research, where with his coworkers (among them Miguel A. Ondetti) he reported the first synthesis of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin (p. 167). From 1966 until his retirement in 1983 he was professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Brenner, Max (pp. 58, 197,242, Plate 12) born in 1915 in Chur, Switzerland. Studied chemistry at the Technical University, Zurich, Diploma Chemical Ing. in 1937, Dr. Sc. techno after thesis with L. Ruzicka. Thereafter one year working at Rockefeller Institute in New York with Max Bergmann on synthetic substrates for proteases, 1941-1947 research in the pharmaceutical-chemical industry, 1947 assistant to T. Reichstein, 1949 Lecturer, 1954 Professor until 1980 at the University of Basel. Brockmann, Hans, 1902-1988 (p. 118, Plate 13) born in 1903 in Altkloster near Hamburg, received his Dr. degree at the Univ. of HallejSaale (with E. Abderhalden, in 1930, went to Richard Kuhn at the Kaiser-Wilhelm (later Max-Planck)-Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg where he did pioneering work on chromatography, e.g. of carotenoids. In 1935 he became Head of the biochemical department of the Chemistry Institute of the Univ. of Gottingen (Director Adolf Windaus), in 1941 Prof. at the Univ. Posen, and after the war, in 1945, successor of A. Windaus in Gottingen until retirement in 1972. Antibiotica (actinomycin, p. 224 etc) ionophores (valinomycin, p. 201). Bruckner, Viktor, 1900-1980 (pp. 41,236, Plate 14). Born in 1900 in Kesmark a small Carpathian town, graduated from the Technical University in Budapest, thereafter studied with Alexander Schonberg (Berlin) and Fritz Pregl (Graz), then with Albert von Szent-Gyorgyi in Szeged (Hungary). Engaged in peptide chemistry from 1937 (bacterial capsular substances), in 1950 appointed as Director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest. Died in Budapest in 1980.
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