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Makedonski Jazik MAKEDONSKI JAZIK za sedmo oddelenie osumgodi{no osnovno obrazovanie Urednik Recenzenti: Lidija Tanturovska Milka Minoska Mitra Cilevska So re{enie na Ministerstvoto za obrazovanie i nauka br. se odobruva upotrebata na ovoj u~ebnik Ilustracijata na koricata e slikata  Most vo Langlua od VINSENT VAN GOG JAZIK MAKEDONSKIOT JAZIK VO XlX VEK FONETIKA MORFOLOGIJA SINTAKSA PRAVOPIS MAKEDONSKIOT JAZIK VO XlX VEK Pojavata na prvite pe~ateni knigi vo po~etokot na XlX vek go ozna~i {ireweto na prosvetitelskite idei me|u Makedoncite koi poka`uvale golem interes kon knigata. Bogatite trgovci gi pomagale materijalno na{ite prvi pisateli. Iako prvite pe~ateni knigi se pi{uvani vo duhovnata tradicionalna crkovna pismenost, sepak so niv po~nuva gri`ata za narodniot jazik, edinstven prigoden za narodnata prosveta. So toa se sozdadeni uslovite za usvojuvawe na narodniot jazik vo pismeniot govor i za {irewe na prosvetata Joakim Kr~ovski e me|u narodot. Sepak, ne mo`e da stane zbor za edinstven avtor na slednite literaturen jazik. Ova pra{awe }e se postavi duri podocna knigi: ÂPovest radi koga i kaj nas }e se pojavat kulturno izdignati lu|e i so stra{nago i vterago pogolema podgotovka. pri{estvija Hristova¤, Â^udesa...¤, ÂMitarstva i JAZIKOT NA PRVITE MAKEDONSKI PISATELI razli~na pou~itelna nastavlenija¤. Za jazikot na prvite makedonski pisateli ne mo`e da se ka`e deka e ~isto naroden, bidej}i vo nivnite pe~ateni knigi pred s# dominira crkovnoslovenskiot jazik, so crti od severoisto~noto makedonsko nare~je i tetovskiot govor. Prvite makedonski pisateli so svojata u~itelska i prosvetitelska dejnost i propagiraweto na narodniot jazik za kni`even jazik zazemaat vidno mesto vo makedonskata kni`evnost i vo kulturnata istorija na makedonskiot narod. Vo prvite decenii na 19-tiot vek vo Budim, se otpe~ateni knigite na Joakim Kr~ovski, napi{ani na kratovski govor. Vo kni`evniot jazik na Kr~ovski se sre}avaat jazi~ni crti od severnoisto~nite i zapadnite makedonski govori i crti od crkovnoslovenskiot jazik. Vo negovite tekstovi se sre}avaat i turski zborovi. Skoro vo isto vreme vo Budim e otpe~atena i prvata kniga na Kiril Pej~inovi}. Knigata e napi{ana na tetovski govor, so primesi od crkovnoslovenskiot jazik. I kaj Pej~inovi} se sre}ava upotrebata na turcizmi vo negoviot kni`even jazik. Vtorata kniga na Pej~inovi} e otpe~atena vo Solun, vo pe~atnicata na Teodosij Sinaitski. Teodosij Sinaitski go napi{al predgovorot na ÂUte{enie gre{nim¤, vtorata kniga na Kiril Pej~inovi}. Vo predgovorot toj, me|u drugoto, zapi{al: ÂEve kqu~ ~to otvoruet serdceto va{e: ne kqu~ ot zlato ili ot srebro, no kqu~ ot `elezo i ~ilik...¤. 4 Pej~inovi} ostavil avtobiografski podatoci vo svojot poznat Epitaf na nadgrobnata plo~a na negoviot grob vo Le{ok. Tome Serafimovski Kiril Pej~inovi} Taka toj ja proklamiral upotrebata na narodniot jazik, iska`uvaj}i ja prednosta na narodniot zbor vo kni`evnosta kako sredstvo za masovno prosvetuvawe na makedonskiot narod. Upotrebata na narodniot jazik kako zaedni~ka osobina na delata na prvite makedonski pistaeli se javuva vo prvite decenii na 19- tiot vek. JAZIKOT NA AVTORITE OD VTORATA POLOVINA NA XlX VEK Procesot na oformuvaweto na makedonskiot standarden jazik prodol`il so izborot na dijalektnata osnova na jazikot. Ovoj proces doa|a do izraz kaj makedonskite pisateli od vtorata polovina na 19 tiot vek. 5 Vo delata na Jordan Konstantinov- Xinot doa|a do izraz dijalektnata osnova na jazikot. Vakvata opredelba na Xinot se dol`i na negoviot streme`, makedonskiot jazik da go izdigne na ramni{te na porazvienite slovenski jazici. Makedonskite pisateli vo vtorata polovina na 19- tiot Vo Zagreb vo 1861 vek, razli~no go tolkuvale pra{aweto za jazikot. godina e objaven Kaj makedonskite pisateli od prerodbata preovladuva Zbornikot na streme`ot da se pi{uva na zapadnomakedonskoto nare~je. bra}ata Konstantin Miladinov svojata poezija ja napi{al na Miladinovci. rodniot stru{ki govor. Negovata poezija e bliska do Zbornikot sodr`i narodnata poezija i po stilot i po motivite i po izraznite 662 narodni pesni, poetski sredstva. 12 igrozborki, Vo pesnite na Rajko @inzifov sre}avame jazi~ni svadbeni obi~ai od osobenosti od makedonskiot i bugarskiot jazik, no i Struga i Kuku{, veruvawa, igri, crkvenoslovenizmi, rusizmi i srbizmi. Tokmu toj Âve{ta~ki predanija, spisok jazik¤ mnogu $ odzema na negovata poezija. na sopstveni Grigor Prli~ev e najtalentiraniot makedonski pisatel narodni imiwa, od vremeto na prerodbata. Toj svoite dela ÂSerdarot¤ i poslovici i ÂSkenderbeg¤ gi napi{al na gr~ki jazik. Iako rodniot gatanki. ohridski govor se sre}ava vo negovoto tvore{tvo, Prli~ev se stremel da izgradi op{t jazik za site Sloveni. Sepak, Prli~ev e bestra{en i neumoren borec za prosvetuvaweto na makedonskiot narod na maj~in jazik i za istisnuvaweto na gr~kiot jazik od makedonskite u~ili{ta i crkvi. Prerodbenikot \or|ija Pulevski pi{uval na svojot gali~ki govor. Pi{uvaj}i za istorijata na makedonskiot narod, vo svoeto delo ÂRe~nik od tri jazika¤ (makedonski, albanski i turski), Pulevski veli: ÂNa{e ote~estvo se veqit Makedonija i mie se imenuvame Makedonci¤. Pulevski objavil i zbirka od narodni pesni pod naslov ÂMakedonska pesnarka¤. Streme`ot da se pi{uva na zapadnomakedonsko nare~je e izrazen vo dejnosta na Partenij Zografski i Kuzman [apkarev. Niz site tvore{tva na pisatelite od vtorata polovina od 19 tiot vek dominira zalo`bata za poseben makedonski standarden jazik. VE@BA Pro~itaj gi vnimatelno slednive tekstovi od delata na prvite makedonski pisateli i pisatelite od vtorata polovina na 19- tiot vek i otkrij vo koi se koristi narodniot jazik, a vo koi zapadnomakedonskoto nare~je. 6 RAZLI^NA POU^ITELNA NASTAVLENIJA (SLOVO ZARADI ZAVIST) O prokqatija i na Boga merzkaja i vsepogana i {to gubi du{i - zavist! Ona e semja na seko zlo i greh, taja skverna zavist, jadvita i gnusna. Ona ispoganila nebo i zemqa i zapalila plamen ve~nija muki. Pervij sogre{il na nebesi denica so zavist i fodulluk. Taka i Adam u raj {to mu zapovedal Bog ne poslu{al i otpadnal od Boga. A po Adama i Kain ispadnal sos zavist. Ama tija pervi grehove izlegli od djavola {to bil dennica. Adama i Kaina toj gi nau~il na zlo. Od zavist pomra~il se i potemnel, {to bil glava na angelite, prvij nad serafimite, najhubava dennica utro {to izgreva i sijae. Prvo videl neizre`enija hubavina {to e kolku tri slnca, svetlost Bo`estva. Padnal u zavist, pa si ÂI sam Isus Hristos podignalsrceto na gordost, na fodulluk, pa sakal da bide ako slezit od neboto ne Bog. Rekl si na srceto si i na umo si: ÂDa se iska~im na mo`it da go uverut neboto, kako Boga da bidam!¤ Zavist dennica angela Makedoneca oti toj e pomra~i, potemni, padna u fodulluk. Ne salt {to mislil Blgarin iqi Srbin¤ . da bide raven tokmu s Boga, no sakal da razumee bo`estvo. Temko Popov Dennica saksal da izleze na visoko mesto na nebesi i stanal djavol i padnal najdole pod zemi, dlboko v bezdnu. Velikij, gole, i svetlij angel u~inil se i stanal stra{nij djavol temnij. Premenil si i onaja golema ~ast na ve~na muka i izgubil bo`estvennih darovanij svetloistkannij ukra{enija, {to go Bog bil ukrasil, a on ostanal gol. I kako bil jak i tverd na sekoe zlo, i ot tova se raspalil pove}e u nenavist i du{manl'k na Boga. Sopira se Bogu kako bogoborec i otstupnik. Koga poznal, za{to ne mo`e da u~ini ni{to sprotivno na Boga, togaj obrnal oru`ie da ~ini vojska sos ~oveci. Ima jeden yver svirep i qut, imeto mu e babr, ta mnogu ne navidi ~oveci. I ako vidi ~oveka, tr~i na nego i si~ka svoja qutina izliva dokad se nasiti. Taka i djavol, {to ne navidi dobro, ne mogl da u~ini nekoja pakost na Boga. Koga videl ~eloveka odu{evlen, sos du{a, potr~al pravo na nego i napnal zmijjadovitij, kako videl on Adama so slava i mu po~est uven~ana, u raj sladosti, i car na si~ko {to e na zemqata. Zatoa djavol od zavist se razranil i od nenavist, za{to e mnogu zavistliv, podgovri i prelagal gi, sklonil gi da ne poslu{aat Boga prededi na{i. I toga se zaraduval, za{to gi videl ispadeni od raj. I koga ~ul za{to gi predal da umrat, koga rekl im Bog Âsmertiju }e da umrete¤, bogoborec posrami sja {to dosadi Bogu. Na ~oveka otvrnal, na Boga ni mogl da otvrne. Ka`e svetij Vasilij. Izvadok Joakim Kr~ovski 7 EPITAF NA KIRILOVIOT GROB Tearce mu negovo ro`denie, Pre~ista i Hilandar postri`enie, Le{ok mu e negoo vospitanie, Pod plo~ava negoo po~ivanie. Od negovo svoe ot{estvie Do Hristovo vtoro pri{estvie, Molit vas bra}a negoi, qubimija, Hotja{tija po~itati sija, Oro, oro, ori{te, Da re~ete Bog da bi go prostil, Zere u grob crvite gi gostil. Oro, oro, ori{te, Ovde le`i Kirilovo telo, na babino buni{te U manastir i u Le{ok selo, baba najde ~e{li{te, Da Bog da za dobroe delo si is~eqa glavi{~e, si raspravi kosi{~e Kiril Pej~inovi} i na dedo bradi{~e. [to se velit narod? Kusman [apkarev Narod se velit qudi koji se od eden rod i koji zboruvajet ednakov zbor i koi `ivuvajet i se drugarat edni so drugi i koji imajet jednavi obi~aji i pesni i veseqa.
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