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3 Andrej Šemrov, Peter Turk (Ur. / Eds.) Неолитската Уметност На Andrej Šemrov, Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 3 Peter Turk (ur. / eds.) Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Andrej Šemrov, Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 5 Peter Turk (ur. / eds.) Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Neolitskata umetnost на територијата na Република Makedonijа Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia Ljubljana 2009 Содржина 7 Index 9 За izlo`baта The Exhibition Мери Аницин – Пејоска Meri Anicin – Pejoska 15 Neolitskata umetnost na Makedonijа Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 35 Dragiшa Zdravkovski Dragiša Zdravkovski Каталог на предмети / Catalogue of objects 53 / 57 Formi na kerami~ki sadovi Forms of pottery / 131 Antropomorfna plastika Anthropomorphic sculpture / Zoomorphic 185 Zoomorfna plastika sculpture / Cult altars 205 Kultni жrtvenici / Stamps 233 Печати Dragiшa Zdravkovski Dragiša Zdravkovski Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Мери Аницин - Пејоска За изложбата 9 The Exhibition За izlo`baта The Exhibition Мери Аницин – Пејоска Meri Anicin – Pejoska Мери Аницин - Пејоска За изложбата 11 Ni pretstavuva osobenа ~est i zadovolstvo da ja prifatime pokanata na na{ite kolegi i prijateli od Narodniot muzej na Slovenija, od Qubqana, za nastapot na na{ata izlo`ba “Neolitskata umetnost na Makedonijа”. Ovaa aktivnost ja potvrduva na{ata dolgogodi{na sorabotka, bazirana, pred se, na individualni kolegijalni odnosi, koi vo kontinuitet gi gradat i odrжuvaat instituciona- lnite i me|udржavniте relacii, bez ogled na aktuelnite politi~ki promeni. U{te pove}e, postavkata na ovaa na{a izlo`ba ja na- glasuva na{ata zalo`ba za prodlabo~uvawe na ovie relacii i intenzivirawe na na{ata sorabotka. Vo toj kontekst, posebno go cenime naporot na Narodniot muzej na Slovenija za vonredniot termin кој{to ni go ovozmo`i za prezenti- rawe na del od bogatoto arheolo{ko bogatstvo na Makedonija, tokmu za vreme na pretsedatelstvuvaweto na Slovenija so Evropskata unija, i so toa silno gi podржa na{ite napori za za~uvuvawe na na{iot nacionalen i kulturen identitet, koj be{e zagrozen od apsurdnite pritisoci, kako rezultat на aktuelnata konstelacija na politi~ka mo}. Osobeno zadovolstvo mi e {to vo ovaa prilika pr- ezentirame zna~aen del od bogatata neolitska kultura od Makedonija, kako svedo{tvo na dlabokite koreni i kontinu- itetot na na{eto kulturno `iveewe. Ovaa izlo`ba na мakedonskiot neolit, ne samo {to pridonesuva za dooblikuvawe na slikata za `ivotot vo ne- olitot vo Evropa, tuku, so komparacija so ostanatite zemji, }e ovozmo`i da se razotkrie vistinata za `ivotot vo zorata na civilizacijata. Vo taa smisla, sakam da ja poso~am poznatata izreka na velikanot od makedonskata istorija, Goce Del~ev : “Jas go gledam svetot kako pole za kulturen natprevar me|u nar- odite”. Мери Аницин – Пејоска Meri Anicin – Pejoska The Exhibition 13 It was our great pleasure and honour to accept the invitation of our colleagues and friends from the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana for the loan of our exhibition "The Neolithic Art from Macedonia". This event reaffirms our long-lasting cooperation based, above all, on strong personal relations, which have been cherished and maintained for many years, thus fostering and continuing the institutional cooperation, regardless of the actual political changes. Moreover, the displaying of this exhibition emphasizes our determination for enhancing these relations and establishing more extensive cooperation. In that sense, we highly appreciate the initiative of the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana for making efforts to schedule this presentation of part of the Macedonian archaeological heritage precisely during the Slovenian presidency with the European Union, thus supporting strongly our efforts for preserving our national and cultural identity, which has been threatened by the absurd pressures from the position of the current constellation of political power. I would like to reiterate my pleasure for the occasion of presenting a significant part of the abundant Neolithic culture in Macedonia as testimony of the continuity and the deep roots of our cultural existence. This presentation of the Macedonian Neolithic could contribute to elucidating the still incomplete picture of the Neolithic in Europe, so that the truth would be revealed about the life at the dawn of the civilization by joining and comparison of the accomplishments and observations obtained in other countries. In that spirit, I would like to point out the renowned sentence of our great historic figure Goce Delcev: “I see the world as a field for cultural understanding between peoples”. Meri Anicin Pejoska Director of the Museum of Macedonia Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 15 Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiшa Zdravkovski Dragiša Zdravkovski Словенeчки и македонски археолози на ископувањето во Анзабегово (мај 1960.) Archaeological excavations of Slovenian and Macedonian archaeologists at Anzabegovo (May 1960). Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 17 нa Република Mакедонија Voved Izlo`bata „Neolitska umetnost vo Republika Makedonija” prezentira mal del od artefaktite {to se nao|aat vo muzeite. Neolitot sè u{te е malku istra`en period od preistoriskoto minato. Rezultatite so koi denes raspolaga arheolo{kata nauka uka`uvaat na negovoto golemo zna~ewe. Izborot na predmetite e napraven so cel na publikata da se prezentira edna pocelosna slika za po~etocite na civilizacijata vo Republika Makedonija. Poslednata Prazgodovina Makedonii izlo`ba vo Narodniot muzej vo Qubqana bila vo 1979 godina. Izlo`bata ja posvetuvame na prof. Josip Koro{ec, prviot istra`uva~ na lokalitetot Anzabegovo. Prirodno - geografski osvrt Republika Makedonija se nao|a vo centralniot del na Bal- kanskiot Poluostrov, na negovata prirodna transverzala, Vardarsko-moravskata dolina, koja go povrzuva Egejot so Panonija. Geografskata mestopolo`ba ja odreduva i nejzi- nata uloga niz istorijata, od neolit do denes. „Makedonija go zazema centralniot del na Balkanskiot Poluostrov, pome|u Egejskoto More na jug do [ar Planina na sever. Dinarskite planini na zapad i Rodopskite Пlanini na istok. Makedonija, so ogled na nejzinata geografska polo`ba, nao|aj}i se na glavnite pati{ta, odigrala zna~ajna uloga vo razvojot na Evropa. Situirana na rabot na dvete zna~ajni kulturi, egejsko-anadolskata i srednoevrop- skata, sozdavala specifi~na vnatrebalkanska kultura, koja gi prifa}ala i nadvore{nite vlijanija. Najstarite izvori {to se odnesuvaat na `ivotot vo Makedonija poteknuvaat od raniot neolit, najmladata epoha na kamenoto vreme, peri- 1 odot na primitivno zemjodelstvo i sto~arstvo…” . „Vo istoriska smisla, Makedonija e region na Balkanskiot Poluostrov, denes podelen pome|u Republika Makedonija, Grcija i Bugarija. Nejzinite granici, od istok, se rekata Mesta (Nestos) vo Bugarija i zapadnite padini na Rodop- skite Planini, od sever - venecot na planinite [iroka, Skopska Crna Gora i [ar Planina, od zapad - planinata Korab i Ohridsko i Prespansko Ezero, od jugozapad - plani- nata Pindos, a od jug rekata Bistrica (Haliakmon), plani- 2 nata Olimp i Solunskiot Zaliv so poluostrovot Halkidik” . Definicijata na poimot Makedonija, vo geografsko-isto- riska smisla, se teritoriite me|u rekite Vardar i Bistri- 3 ca (Aksios i Haliakmon) i nivnite pritoki . 18 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 19 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија Teritorijata na Republika Makedonija gi opfa}a oblastite okolu rekata Vardar i nejzinite pritoki. Rekite Vardar i Strumica, preku Struma, gi nosat vodite vo Egejskoto More. Rekata Crn Drim istekuva od Ohridskoto Ezero i se vleva vo Jadranskoto More. Morfologijata na Republika Makedonija Tetovo Skopje se sredno visoki planini i kotlini, so re~ni dolini me|u niv. Najgolemi kotlini se Pelagonija, Polog, Skopsko-ku- manovskata kotlina, dolinata na rekata Bregalnica so Ov~e Pole, Povardarjeto i Strumi~koto Pole. Tie se me|usebno Štip prirodno povrzani, so lesna komunikacija. Poniskite Veles delovi od kotlinite, vo minatoto bile ispolneti so mo~uri{ta, isu{eni vo HH vek. Ohridskoto, Prespanskoto i Dojranskoto Ezero se najgolemite prirodni ezera. Prilep Neolitskata kultura e dominantno zemjodelska civiliza- cija, zavisna od prirodnite i geomorfolo{kite uslovi na VII - V terenot. Pejza`ot vo Makedonija, vo -to iljadaletie Ohrid пред Христа, e identi~en na celata teritorija. Terenite na Bitola Pelagonija, pokraj Crna Reka i nejziniot lak, se pokrieni so golemi mo~uri{ta, plitki ezera i bari obrasteni so trska, {evar i treva. Sli~ni se pejza`ite vo Polog, Skopsko i Strumi~ko. Ovie mo~uri{ta se prirodni akumulatori na toplinska energija, koi gi pravele zimite poblagi. Thessaloniki Prirodnata baza za egzistencija na neolitskata civiliza- cija vo Makedonija e ista. Neolitskiot ~ovek bil orien- tiran kon prirodnite resursi. Mo~uri{tata obezbeduvale dovolno riba, {kolki, barski ptici i drugi `ivotni. Vo periodite koga `etvata bila siroma{na, tie ja nadopol- nuvale hranata. Neolitskiot ~ovek od okolinata se snab- duval so kamen, kremen i drvo. Na rabovite na kotlinite, Pravec na neolitizacija okolu mo~uri{tata, gi gradel naselbite od tipot tumbi. Najpoznati arheolo{ki lokaliteti vo Pelagonija se Tumba s.Porodin, Velu{ka Tumba, Tumba s.Dobromiri, Tumba s.Mogila, Golemata i Malata Trnska Tumba, Vrbjanska
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