3 Andrej Šemrov, Peter Turk (Ur. / Eds.) Неолитската Уметност На

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Andrej Šemrov, Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 3 Peter Turk (ur. / eds.) Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Andrej Šemrov, Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 5 Peter Turk (ur. / eds.) Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia

Neolitskata umetnost на територијата na Република Makedonijа Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia

Ljubljana 2009 Содржина 7 Index

9 За izlo`baта The Exhibition

Мери Аницин – Пејоска Meri Anicin – Pejoska

15 Neolitskata umetnost na Makedonijа Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 35

Dragiшa Zdravkovski Dragiša Zdravkovski

Каталог на предмети / Catalogue of objects 53

/ 57 Formi na kerami~ki sadovi Forms of pottery

/ 131 Antropomorfna plastika Anthropomorphic sculpture

/ Zoomorphic 185 Zoomorfna plastika sculpture

/ Cult altars 205 Kultni жrtvenici

/ Stamps 233 Печати

Dragiшa Zdravkovski Dragiša Zdravkovski

Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Мери Аницин - Пејоска За изложбата 9 The Exhibition

За izlo`baта The Exhibition

Мери Аницин – Пејоска Meri Anicin – Pejoska Мери Аницин - Пејоска За изложбата 11

Ni pretstavuva osobenа ~est i zadovolstvo da ja prifatime pokanata na na{ite kolegi i prijateli od Narodniot muzej na Slovenija, od Qubqana, za nastapot na na{ata izlo`ba “Neolitskata umetnost na Makedonijа”. Ovaa aktivnost ja potvrduva na{ata dolgogodi{na sorabotka, bazirana, pred se, na individualni kolegijalni odnosi, koi vo kontinuitet gi gradat i odrжuvaat instituciona- lnite i me|udржavniте relacii, bez ogled na aktuelnite politi~ki promeni. U{te pove}e, postavkata na ovaa na{a izlo`ba ja na- glasuva na{ata zalo`ba za prodlabo~uvawe na ovie relacii i intenzivirawe na na{ata sorabotka. Vo toj kontekst, posebno go cenime naporot na Narodniot muzej na Slovenija za vonredniot termin кој{to ni go ovozmoì za prezenti- rawe na del od bogatoto arheolo{ko bogatstvo na Makedonija, tokmu za vreme na pretsedatelstvuvaweto na Slovenija so Evropskata unija, i so toa silno gi podржa na{ite napori za za~uvuvawe na na{iot nacionalen i kulturen identitet, koj be{e zagrozen od apsurdnite pritisoci, kako rezultat на aktuelnata konstelacija na politi~ka mo}. Osobeno zadovolstvo mi e {to vo ovaa prilika prezentirame zna~aen del od bogatata neolitska kultura od Makedonija, kako svedo{tvo na dlabokite koreni i kontinu- itetot na na{eto kulturno ìveewe. Ovaa izlo`ba na мakedonskiot neolit, ne samo {to pridonesuva za dooblikuvawe na slikata za ìvotot vo neolitot vo Evropa, tuku, so komparacija so ostanatite zemji, }e ovozmoì da se razotkrie vistinata za ìvotot vo zorata na civilizacijata. Vo taa smisla, sakam da ja poso~am poznatata izreka na velikanot od makedonskata istorija, Goce Del~ev : “Jas go gledam svetot kako pole za kulturen natprevar me|u nar- odite”.

Мери Аницин – Пејоска Meri Anicin – Pejoska The Exhibition 13

It was our great pleasure and honour to accept the invitation of our colleagues and friends from the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana for the loan of our exhibition "The Neolithic Art from Macedonia". This event reaffirms our long-lasting cooperation based, above all, on strong personal relations, which have been cherished and maintained for many years, thus fostering and continuing the institutional cooperation, regardless of the actual political changes. Moreover, the displaying of this exhibition emphasizes our determination for enhancing these relations and establishing more extensive cooperation. In that sense, we highly appreciate the initiative of the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana for making efforts to schedule this presentation of part of the Macedonian archaeological heritage precisely during the Slovenian presidency with the European Union, thus supporting strongly our efforts for preserving our national and cultural identity, which has been threatened by the absurd pressures from the position of the current constellation of political power. I would like to reiterate my pleasure for the occasion of presenting a significant part of the abundant Neolithic culture in Macedonia as testimony of the continuity and the deep roots of our cultural existence. This presentation of the Macedonian Neolithic could contribute to elucidating the still incomplete picture of the Neolithic in Europe, so that the truth would be revealed about the life at the dawn of the civilization by joining and comparison of the accomplishments and observations obtained in other countries. In that spirit, I would like to point out the renowned sentence of our great historic figure Goce Delcev: “I see the world as a field for cultural understanding between peoples”.

Meri Anicin Pejoska Director of the Museum of Macedonia Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 15 Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia

Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia

Dragiшa Zdravkovski Dragiša Zdravkovski

Словенeчки и македонски археолози на ископувањето во Анзабегово (мај 1960.)

Archaeological excavations of Slovenian and Macedonian archaeologists at Anzabegovo (May 1960). Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 17 нa Република Mакедонија

Voved

Izlo`bata „Neolitska umetnost vo Republika Makedonija” prezentira mal del od artefaktite {to se nao|aat vo muzeite. Neolitot sè u{te е malku istraèn period od preistoriskoto minato. Rezultatite so koi denes raspolaga arheolo{kata nauka ukaùvaat na negovoto golemo zna~ewe. Izborot na predmetite e napraven so cel na publikata da se prezentira edna pocelosna slika za po~etocite na civilizacijata vo Republika Makedonija. Poslednata Prazgodovina Makedonii izlo`ba vo Narodniot muzej vo Qubqana bila vo 1979 godina. Izlo`bata ja posvetuvame na prof. Josip Koro{ec, prviot istraùva~ na lokalitetot Anzabegovo.

Prirodno - geografski osvrt

Republika Makedonija se nao|a vo centralniot del na Bal- kanskiot Poluostrov, na negovata prirodna transverzala, Vardarsko-moravskata dolina, koja go povrzuva Egejot so Panonija. Geografskata mestopolo`ba ja odreduva i nejzinata uloga niz istorijata, od neolit do denes.

„Makedonija go zazema centralniot del na Balkanskiot Poluostrov, pome|u Egejskoto More na jug do [ar Planina na sever. Dinarskite planini na zapad i Rodopskite Пlanini na istok. Makedonija, so ogled na nejzinata geografska polo`ba, nao|aj}i se na glavnite pati{ta, odigrala zna~ajna uloga vo razvojot na Evropa. Situirana na rabot na dvete zna~ajni kulturi, egejsko-anadolskata i srednoevrop- skata, sozdavala specifi~na vnatrebalkanska kultura, koja gi prifa}ala i nadvore{nite vlijanija. Najstarite izvori {to se odnesuvaat na `ivotot vo Makedonija poteknuvaat od raniot neolit, najmladata epoha na kamenoto vreme, peri- 1 odot na primitivno zemjodelstvo i sto~arstvo…” .

„Vo istoriska smisla, Makedonija e region na Balkanskiot Poluostrov, denes podelen pome|u Republika Makedonija, Grcija i Bugarija. Nejzinite granici, od istok, se rekata Mesta (Nestos) vo Bugarija i zapadnite padini na Rodop- skite Planini, od sever - venecot na planinite [iroka, Skopska Crna Gora i [ar Planina, od zapad - planinata Korab i Ohridsko i Prespansko Ezero, od jugozapad - planinata Pindos, a od jug rekata Bistrica (Haliakmon), plani- 2 nata Olimp i Solunskiot Zaliv so poluostrovot Halkidik” . Definicijata na poimot Makedonija, vo geografsko-istoriska smisla, se teritoriite me|u rekite Vardar i Bistri- 3 ca (Aksios i Haliakmon) i nivnite pritoki . 18 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 19 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

Teritorijata na Republika Makedonija gi opfa}a oblastite okolu rekata Vardar i nejzinite pritoki. Rekite Vardar i Strumica, preku Struma, gi nosat vodite vo Egejskoto More. Rekata Crn Drim istekuva od Ohridskoto Ezero i se vleva vo Jadranskoto More. Morfologijata na Republika Makedonija Tetovo Skopje se sredno visoki planini i kotlini, so re~ni dolini me|u niv. Najgolemi kotlini se Pelagonija, Polog, Skopsko-ku- manovskata kotlina, dolinata na rekata Bregalnica so Ov~e Pole, Povardarjeto i Strumi~koto Pole. Tie se me|usebno Štip prirodno povrzani, so lesna komunikacija. Poniskite Veles delovi od kotlinite, vo minatoto bile ispolneti so mo~uri{ta, isu{eni vo HH vek. Ohridskoto, Prespanskoto i Dojranskoto Ezero se najgolemite prirodni ezera.

Prilep Neolitskata kultura e dominantno zemjodelska civilizacija, zavisna od prirodnite i geomorfolo{kite uslovi na VII - V terenot. Pejza`ot vo Makedonija, vo -to iljadaletie Ohrid пред Христа, e identi~en na celata teritorija. Terenite na Bitola Pelagonija, pokraj Crna Reka i nejziniot lak, se pokrieni so golemi mo~uri{ta, plitki ezera i bari obrasteni so trska, {evar i treva. Sli~ni se pejza`ite vo Polog, Skopsko i Strumi~ko. Ovie mo~uri{ta se prirodni akumulatori

na toplinska energija, koi gi pravele zimite poblagi. Thessaloniki Prirodnata baza za egzistencija na neolitskata civilizacija vo Makedonija e ista. Neolitskiot ~ovek bil orien- tiran kon prirodnite resursi. Mo~uri{tata obezbeduvale dovolno riba, {kolki, barski ptici i drugi `ivotni. Vo periodite koga `etvata bila siroma{na, tie ja nadopol- nuvale hranata. Neolitskiot ~ovek od okolinata se snab-

duval so kamen, kremen i drvo. Na rabovite na kotlinite, Pravec na neolitizacija okolu mo~uri{tata, gi gradel naselbite od tipot tumbi. Najpoznati arheolo{ki lokaliteti vo Pelagonija se Tumba s.Porodin, Velu{ka Tumba, Tumba s.Dobromiri, Tumba s.Mogila, Golemata i Malata Trnska Tumba, Vrbjanska ^uka s.Slavej i u{te 70 drugi. Vo Polog, i Skopsko-Kumanovsko najpoznati se lokalitetite: Tumba s.D. Pal~i{te, Tumba s.Sten~e, Tumba s.Brvenica, Tumba Maxari Skopje i drugi. Vtoriot tip naselbi se na re~nite terasi. Takvi se Barutni- ca s. Anzabegovo, Vr{nik s.Tarinci, Rug Bair s.Gorubinci, Alin Dol s.Nemawici, Slatina s.Zelenikovo, Cerje s.Govrlevo, Mramori s.^a{ka i drugi. Vo Arheolo{kata kar- ta na Republika Makedonija se registrirani 200 neolitski lokaliteti.

Vo neolitot, klimata vo Makedonija bila vrne`liva, so blagi zimi. Toa, zaedno so prirodno-geografskite uslovi, mu ovozmo`ilo na neolitskiot ~ovek relativno miren i spokoen `ivot. 20 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 21 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

Neolitizacija na Republika Makedonija Osnovni karakteristiki na neolitot vo Republika Makedonija Neolitskata kultura vo Republika Makedonija, reprezenti- rana vo Velu{ko-porodinskata i Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata Vo arheolo{kata nauka, generalno, definirani se dve kulturna grupa pripa|a na Balkanko-anadolskiot kulturen kulturni grupi koi egzistirale vo Makedonija: vo Pel- kompleks. Taa nastanala vrz {irokata kulturna baza od agonija Velu{ko-porodinskata, a vo Severna Makedonija, procesot na primarnata neolitizacija, so dominantno Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata. Pokraj niv, vo naukata se vovedeni u~estvo na monohromnata polirana i slikanata keramika. i drugi, no tie ne se dovolno potvrdeni i valorizirani. Za Toj proces se odvival vo periodot od 6.400 do 6.100 god. da ja prezentirame i pokaème umetnosta na neolitot, }e gi pr.n.e. Dosega{nite istraùvawa na neolitot vo Make- potencirame najmarkantnite artefakti koi se otkrieni vo donija ne otkrija postoewe na predkerami~ki arheolo{ki najnovite arheolo{ki istraùvawa. Ovie dve grupi imaat tragi. Ovie grupi se rezultat na migracija od jug, odnosno specifiki, no i mnogu zaedni~ki elementi. Sekoga{, koga od Tesalija. Pravecot na dvièwe na nositelite e preku toa }e bide neophodno, nekoi karakteristi~ni elementi Egejska Makedonija do Pelagonija. Tuka za najstari naselbi }e gi potencirame kako specifika na ednata ili drugata se smetaat Golemata Trnska Tumba i Pe{terica. Ponatamu, grupa. neolitot se {iri na sever, preku Pe{terica, kon dolinata na rekata Babuna i Azot kon Skopskata kotlina. Vo Skop- Granicata na Velu{ko-porodinskata i Anzabegovo- sko, najstara naselba e Govrlevo od kade grupata se {iri po vr{ni~kata grupa e interesna. Vo najstarata faza, vtorata celata kotlina i na istok vo Ov~e Pole, na sever kon Ku- grupa bila ograni~ena na edna teritorija, so centar vo manovsko Пole, a preku Pre{evskata vododelnica na sever, Skopsko, Ov~e Pole, dolinite na sredna Bregalnica i po dolinata na Morava. Od Ov~e Pole na istok, po dolinata Lakavica. Vo ovaa faza, Polog i delovi od Skopsko se di- na Bregalnica, se {iri kon Sredna Struma. Po dolinata na rektno pod kulturno vlijanie na Velu{ko-porodinskata rekata Lakavica, odi na jug kon Strumi~ko Pole. Vo Polog grupa. Vo sredniot neolit, Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kta grupa se grupata e rezultat na direktnite kontakti so Pelagonija, pro{iruva na celiot Gornovardarski region, Kumanovsko bidej}i formite na keramikata i ukrasuvaweto na najstar- Pole, dolinite i poliwata okolu rekite P~iwa, Kriva Reka, iot sloj od Tumba Sten~e se identi~ni so Velu{ko-porodin- Bregalnica, Lakavica, Strumica i Vardar do Demir Kapija. skata grupa. Vo ovaa najrana faza kontaktite na naselbite od Vo docniot neolit, teritorijata zna~ajno ne se namaluva, no Polog so Pelagonija se evidentni i realni. No, vo slednata se namaluvaat prirodnite resursi i doa|a do napu{tawe na etapa, vo sredniot neolit, naselbite od Polog, direktno, nekoi naselbi i koncentracija na ìvotot samo na mal broj. hronolo{ki i kulturno, komuniciraat so istovremenite od Teritorijata na Velu{ko-porodinskata grupa se namaluva Skopsko. i taa se ograni~uva samo na Pelagonija. Neolitot vo Repub- lika Makedonija egzistiral i se razvival nad dve iljadi godini, niz tri fazi: star, sreden i docen neolit. Hronolo{ki ramki i datirawe

Vo arheolo{kite istra`uvawa se sobrani primeroci od Anzabegovo-vr{ni~ka kulturna grupa materijal na koj e izvr{eno analiza so radioaktiven jaglen S-14 i termoluminiscencija. Spored rezultatite, Anza- Najstarite fazi na Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata kulturna I I a-c begovo e datirano vo period od 6.100 do 5.800 god. pr.n.e grupa, Anza-Vr{nik , pripa|aat na stariot neolit, II III IV Anzabegovo - 5.800; Anzabegovo - 5.300 i Anzabegovo , vo karakteristi~en so beloslikanite ornamenti na crvena 4 periodot od 5.200 do 5.000 god. pr.n.e. osnova. Taa faza egzistira vo periodot me|u 6.300/6.100 - 5.800 god. pr.n.e. Glavna karakteristika na beloslikanata Analiziraniot materijal od vtoriot i tretiot sloj na Govr- keramika se floralnite ornamenti i formiraniot flo- 5 levo, gi dadoa datite 5.800 i 5.300 godini pr.n.e . ralen stil vo umetnosta na grupata. Belite floralni ornamenti i „venec na plodorodieto”, odnosno maslina, se edni Najnovi datumi se od eneolitskata naselba Pilavo vo od najstarite artefakti od neolit. Ornament na maslinovo s.Buril~evo, za postarata faza 4.540-4.330, a za pomladata gran~e ima i sadot so forma na lejka od Anzabegovo. Ovoj 6 3.750 god. pr.n.e. sloj e konstatiran na pogolem broj lokaliteti: Velu{ka 7 8 9 Tumba , Tumba Pal~i{te , Tumba Sten~e, ^ubuk ~e{ma , 10 Cerje-Govrlevo i drugi. Keramikata od najstariot sloj vo 22 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 23 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

Anzabegovo, spored op{tite karakteristiki na formite i ornamentikata, ima vidlivi vrski so Anadolija. Vrskite so Tesalija, fazite na naselbite od Protosesklo, Presesklo i klasi~no Sesklo se poevidentni. Vo ponatamo{nata evolucija, vo tekot na celiot sreden neolit, grupata Anza-

• Dolno Konjare begovo -Vr{nik se razviva na ovaa avtohtona baza na teri- • Mrševci • Dolno Palčište • Madžari torija koja e mnogu namalena, no so evidentni sli~nosti • Dolno Sedlarce ◎ Skopje • Rug Bair i razliki so severnata Star~eva~ka grupa. Vo Anzabegovo- • Govrlevo • Stenče • Vršnik vr{ni~kata grupa lajt-motiv ili konstanta e lentata so • Mamutčevo Zubovce • • Zelenikovo • Barutnica Anzabegovo floralni ornamenti (vegetativni), {to otsustvuva vo takva forma vo Star~evo, iako postoi i ponatamu evoluira, kako 11 • Damjan spiraloid ili girlandoid stil . Vo Star~evo primaren e konstruktivno-geometriskiot stil, koj spored D.Srejovi} • Čaška • Pešterica vle~e direktni koreni od graviranite vise~ki triagol- • Radin dol • Angelci nici na koskite i skiptarite od Lepenski Vir.

• Vrbjani Crničani • Neolitskata kultura vo Republika Makedonija, najgolem • Ustie • Mogila procut do`iveala vo periodot na sredniot ili razvien Karamani • • Trn neolit. Toj se karakterizira po crvenata fina keramika • Đorev Rid so temnite braon ornamenti na crvena osnova. Taa trae II-III Velušina • • Porodin me|u 5.800 i 5.300 god. pr.n.e. (Anzabegovo- Vr{nik ). Konstatiran e vo razvienite fazi na site lokaliteti: Anzabegovo, Tumba Maxari, Zelenikovo, Govrlevo, Rug 12 13 Bair, Vr{nik , Mramori . Vo Velu{ko-porodinskata kulturna grupa e mnogu retka braon slikana keramika. Karakteristi~na e pojavata na spiralata so braon/temnokafeava boja na pehari so mala prstenesta noga. Isto taka, karakteristi~ni se kafeavo slikanite vertikalni

Najpoznati neolitski naoŕali{ta alternirani debeli i tenki linii, ~estopati so vertikalni spirali me|u niv. Floralniot stil vo ukrasuvaweto na keramikata prodol`uva so novi estetski invencii. Kako III moden trend na vremeto (Anzabegovo-Vr{nik ) se pojavuva i noviot konstruktivno-geometriski stil, donesen od sever, kako star~evski element. Umetni~kite pretstavi na kultot na Golemata majka dominiraat vo kultnata plastika.

Krajot na sredniot/razvien neolit vo Makedonija, zavr{uva 14 so pojavata na t.n. „vin~anska” docnoneolitska keramika . Stratigrafskite podatoci ovozmo`uvaat determinirawe IV na posledniot sloj od Anzabegovo-Vr{nik , kako doc- noneolitski. Negovite glavni karakteristiki se crnata mazneta i kanelirana keramika, bikonusna profilacija, drжalkite so jadec. Stratigrafski, ovaa keramika se nao|a vo sloj {to e mnogu podlo`en na devastirawe. Naodite vo Anzabegovo, Rug Bair i Alin Dol vo Ov~e Pole i posledniot II sloj, definiran kako Zelenikovo , posledniot sloj od Tum- ba Pal~i{te i Govrlevo, pripa|a na Anzabegovo-Vr{nik IV , odnosno na docniot neolit. Toj e sinhron so soodvetnata I Vin~a-Tordo{ faza na sever. Istovremeno, ovie elementi se karakteristi~ni i za kulturata Paradimi vo Severna 24 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 25 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

Grcija. Isto~no od planinata Pangej, Dramskoto Pole do prodolùvaat ornamentite od sredniot neolit: to~ki, Termajskiot Zaliv se formira docnoneolitskata kultur- polumese~inki, triagolnici, razvle~eni agli. nata grupa Topolnica-Akropotamos. Kultnata plastika vo Velu{ko -porodinskata grupa e raznovidna. Antropomorfnata plastika e bogata i raznovid- Velu{ko-porodinska kulturna grupa na. Neolitskiot umetnik sekoga{ go predizvikuvalo ~ove~koto telo. Toa, naj~esto, se ènski statuetki od stolbov- I-IV Grupata egzistirala niz ~etiri interni fazi , vo peri- iden i kru{kest tip. Prvite se mnogu ednostavni, so kosa, VII V odot od krajot na do krajot na –ot milennium pr.n.e., nos i primarni i sekundarni seksualni karakteristiki. Ko- koga docniot neolit potpolno zgasnuva. Identi~no kako i vo sata e svitkana vo kok. Vtorite se so naglasena steatopigija, Severna Makedonija, i vo Pelagonija dominiraat naselbite malo telo i ~esto {ematizirana glava ili bez nea. Naj~esto od tipot tumbi. Naselbite na re~ni terasi se malubrojni: se vo polusvitkana polo`ba, so racete na stomakot i mal 15 16 Pe{terica , Vlaku vo s.@ivojno i Bela Crkva kaj s.Brod . plasti~en disk na pubusot. Ku}ite se gradeni na potpolno identi~en na~in od pleter, cepeni gredi i ponekoga{ na podot imalo supstrukcija od Zoomorfnata plastika se pretstavi na govedo/bik, elen, ovca kolci, kako izolacija od vlagata. Modelite na ku}ite iz- i drugo. Nekoga{ toa se stilizirani skulpturi bez detali raboteni od keramika najdobro gi ilustriraat objektite za ili realisti~no prikaàni, so golema plasti~nost. Inter- ìveewe. Vo Tumba Porodin e otkriena edna trapezoidna ku} esni se `rtvenicite so elenski protomi i eden primerok so a od docniot neolit. Grupata egzistirala vo Pelagonija, vo pretstava na èlka. Zadnite noze se izvajani, so po dve mali priroden ambient i uslovi potpolno identi~ni so pejzaòt zadebeluvawa, plasti~no prikaàni, kako da se spu{teni, okolu naselbite od Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata grupa. odnosno asociraat na debela koà, sobrana i nate`nata. Recipientot ima zaoblena forma, so izrazeno vovle~en Velu{ko-пorodinskata grupa e postara od Anzabegovo- venec. Glavite se na visoki vratovi so grklan, mali usti i vr{ni~kata i se razvivala pod direktno vlijanie na raniot roèsti zadebeluvawa na zadniot del. Tie se prikaàni kako neolit od Tesalija. Pelagonija imala izvonredni uslovi za da izniknuvaat od recipientot, odnosno kako da se istegnu- zemjodelstvo i sto~arstvo i grupata egzistirala spokojno, vaat. Pome|u glavite se nao|a mala pe~ka. Sli~na pe~ka ima vo relativna blagostojba. Keramikata na grupata pokaùva `rtvenikot, osnova na ku}a, od Tumba Porodin. Ovoj detaq edinstvo vo site fazi i generalno gi ima istite karakteris- dozvoluva, so golema sigurnost, da pomislime deka ovie dva tiki. Vo stariot neolit dominira crvenata gruba barbotin- `rtvenika, najdeni vo ista ku}a, gi izrabotil eden majstor. keramika so повлекувања od prsti, arkadniot-organiziran Drug primerok na èlka e od Vrbjanska ûka. Vo Pelagonija se barbotin, plasti~ni lenti so vtisnuvawa od prsti, kaj go- najdeni i ubavo izvajani glavi od eleni so rogovi i kozo- lemite sadovi-pitosi ili grnci, ~inii i crepni. Impreso- rozi. tehnikata e na sadovi so pomali dimenzii. Toa se ukrasi so vdlabnatinki, otpe~atoci od nokti, {tipnuvawa vo vid na Osobeno interesni se i modelite na ku}i so pokriv na dve ìten klas i zrna p~enica, prisutni i vo keramikata na vodi i antropomorfen cilinder na pokrivot, kako oxak, od 17 grupata Anzabegovo-Vr{nik. Ubavata keramika e monohrom- tipot na Golemata majka. Isto taka, modelite-`rtvenici na ili slikana. Toa se ~inii so polutop~esta forma, ~inii bez pokriv, samo so triagolno prikaàni bo~ni yidovi, so so profiliran vrat, amfori, kapaci, pehar na prazna mala otvori postaveni na visoki nazabeni postamenti (dali se konusna noga. Keramikata e so dobra faktura, dobro mazneta, raboti za palafiti?). Ova ukaùva na faktot deka neolit- so visok sjaj. Ornamentite se aglesti, pravilni triagolni- skiot ~ovek od Pelagonija neguval golem kult kon ku}ata i ci, klepsidri, skalesti lenti slikani so bela boja. doma{noto ogni{te. Osnovi na ku}i ima i vo Anzabegovo- vr{ni~kata grupa. Model na stilizirana ku}a, sli~na so Vo sredniot neolit prodolùvaat grubite sadovi, dekorira- modelite od Pelagonija, e modelot -`rtvenikot od Vr{nik, 18 ni so neorganiziran barbotin i impreso-ubodi. Se pojavuva isto taka, od docen neolit . finata keramika so boja na cveklo (vinski talog) slikana so bela boja, ornamenti vo forma na bukvata „Z”, sigmi, skalesti lenti i sl. Floralen stil vo slikanata keramika

Vo docniot neolit prodol`uva da egzistira grubata kerami- Fenomenot na floralnite ornamenti vo ukrasuvaweto na ka, a sè pove}e dominira sivata i kafeavata boja. Kaj finata kerami~kite sadovi i nivnite formi, definiran kako 26 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 27 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

floralen stil, bil zabeleàn u{te vo prvite istraùvawa rombovi, e na statuetkata od Usta na Drim vo Struga. Vo vo 1960 god. na Anzabegovo od Josip Koro{ec. Podocne`nite eneolitot, na steatopignite figurini, rombovite ve}e se istraùvawa samo ja potvrdija ovaa teza. Nie go akcenti- sekundarni ili tercijalni ornamenti. Tie se dale~no eho rame kako mnogu vaèn element na Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata na floralniot stil vo umetnosta vo Makedonija. Moèbi e kulturna grupa. Od najstarite fazi, pa niz sredniot ne- preterano ako se kaè deka toj e del od folklorot i e nositel olit i vo docniot neolit, ornamentot na venec od lisja na zaedni~kite kulturni i umetni~ki elementi na grupata, e prisuten vo celiot korpus na keramografijata. Toj stil koi go obedinuvaat „etnosot” {to egzistiral na teritorija e „folklorniot fenomen", imanenten na lu|eto vo ram- na Severna Makedonija i Pelagonija, vo periodot me|u 6.300 kite na grupata Anzabegovo-Vr{nik. Zaedno so nego odi i i 4.200 god. pr.n.e. lejkata (tikvata!), kako osnova i inspiracija za izrabotka na sadovite-amfori. Tie se najubavite i najimpresivnite formi na sadovi koi se sretnuvaat na naselbite od na{ite Kultot na Golemata majka grupi. Trite amfori najdeni vo ku}a 1 i 3 od Tumba Maxari se prvite artefakti na tloto na Makedonija, za koi so sig- Najmarkantna pojava vo neolitot na Makedonija se `rtve- urnost moè da se kaè deka se izraboteni od eden majstor- nicite od tipot Golemata majka. Najstara forma na praid- kerami~ar. Nekoi od peharite od ku}a 1 vo Tumba Maxari, ejata za Golemata majka e `rtvenikot od Tumba Sten~e. isto taka, se delo na negovata raka. Napraven e od eden ~etvrtest postament-ku}a, so po dva ~etiriagolni i dva otvori vo forma na bukvata „M”, post- Vo slikanata keramika i keramikata so impreso-ornamen- aveni na sprotivnite strani. Toj zboruva za starite koreni ti, floralnite ornamenti se konstanta vo dekoracijata na na po~ituvawe na kultot na Golemata majka u{te od stariot, Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata kulturna grupa, vo site fazi. Vo vo kontinuitet niz celiot sreden neolit i za povrzanosta stariot neolit, toa se realisti~no naslikani mali listovi me|u Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata i Velu{ko-porodinskata kul- od maslinka, so bela boja. Postaveni se so svoite koreni vo turna grupa. dvojna niza, svrteni kon dnoto na sadot vo vertikalna niza. Venecot na plodorodnosta, ili girland, e slikan na am- Prv celosno so~uvan e otkrien vo ku}a 1 vo 1981 god. vo Tumba 19 fori i pehari, so kafeava boja, na crvena ili posvetla oker Maxari . Ovoj primerok, so svoite impresivni dimenzii osnova. od 0,39 m visina, klasi~nata smirena poza na izniknuvawe od ku}ata i, voedno, bdeewe nad nejziniot mir i ogni{te, ja Peharite se sadovi koi poteknuvaat od prosta polutop~esta pravi ovaa terakotna pretstava ekskluzivna. forma so vovle~en venec, malku naglasen stomak i mala prstenesta noga. Vo po~etokot ne se dekorirani so slikawe. Filosofskata ideja za praroditelkata, od koja zapo~nuva Ponatamu, taa se razviva vo yvon~esta forma, so blaga Y- sè, e prikaàna kako eden cilinder so osnovnite antropo- profilacija, luksuzno dekorirana vrz engoba so vertikalni morfni karakteristiki: o~i, nos, ~esto nema usta, retko linii, triagolnici i sl. Kon krajot na sredniot neolit do- prikaàni gradi i papok, race so belezici {to cvrsto biva „barokna” Y-profilacija so zadebelen venec, odli~no stojat na ku}ata-odnosno ja drжat (prikaàna kako nepravil- izmazneta, do visok sjaj povr{ina, ukraseni so spirali ili na kockesta forma), so razni formi na otvori za prozorci. vertikalni linii, vise~ki triagolnici ili kombinacii Nekoi primeroci, na dnoto na osnovata na ku}ata, imaat od dvete. Vo docniot neolit ovaa forma na sadovi dobiva dupka koja vertikalno komunicira so otvorot vo sredinata ostra Y-profilacija, so turban-kaneluri na ramoto i siva na cilinderot. Moèbi toa e komunikacijata na zemjata sjajna metalna boja, postaveni na povisoka prazna noga. i neboto. Primerokot od Cerje, Govrlevo, e vo poodminat graviditet. Eden primerok od Tumba Maxari, visok 31,5 sm. Venecot na plodorodnosta e naslikan na mnogu kerami~ki nema race, no ku}ata e osobeno markantna vo odnos na cilin- sadovi: na malata i golemite amfori od Tumba Maxari, derot i liceto. Zatoa ni se ~ini deka kaj ovoj primerok do- peharot od Rug Bair, fragmenti od pehari od Anzabegovo, minira ku}ata nad antroposot. Na ova asociraat i pove}eto Tumba Mr{evci i drugi. Toj e omilen ornament niz celiot otvori na yidovite. Klasi~en primerok e od Tumba Porodin, neolit. Se slika so namera da dominira, bidej}i e zatvoren so model na ku}a. Takvi se modelite od Dobromiri, Velu{ka i definiran mikrokosmos. Toa e apstrakna geometriska Tumba i dr. Posebno ubav e primerokot od Tumba Maxari so pretstava na floralnite elementi, slikani na kerami- umetni~ki izvajana kosa, spletena vo dvojna pletenka i fat- kata. Neolitskata kultura go koristi i vo docniot neolit, ena so igla. Na ~eloto se naslikani ne`ni krkmi so crvena koga doa|a negoviot kraj. Poslednata pretstava, vreàni boja, nosot e mal, o~ite-samo vreàni. Umetnikot mnogu 28 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 29 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

vnimanie posvetuval na frizurite, izvajani kako afro, te{ko zabele`liva traga od crvena boja. Na prv pogled, samo drugi samo naglaseni so vreùvawe itn. Voop{to, frizur- formalno, mnogu potsetuva na podocne`nite kikladski ite zboruvaat za izvonredno bogatata moda na neolitskata idoli. Vo docniot neolit statuetkite se poisten~eni i se èna. Site poznati primeroci imaat razli~en tretman na prikaàni i sekundarnite polovi karaktertistiki. Isto o~ite. Primerokot od Tumba Pal~i{te se razlikuva od site taka, toga{ sè po~esta e pojavata i na ma{kata pretstava. poznati, kaj koi o~ite se samo vreàni ili blago naglaseni. Formite se poizdolèni, so naglaseni polovi karakteris- Ovoj primerok ima impresivni o~i. Zenicata e plasti~no tiki i sivo pe~eni. Od figurinite mnogu ~esto se praveni izvajana, stavena vo ubavo bademesto oko, ~ii kapaci samo glavi so osnovnite karakteristiki - nos, o~i i poneko- zavr{uvaat vo dolga plasti~na linija, koja ostava vpe~atok ga{ usta. Naj~esto frizurata e vnimatelno umetni~ki na linija od {minka. Nekoi primeroci imaat vreàni pretstavena. o~i, nekoi podotvoreni, treti otvoreni, nekoi so spu{teni gorni kapaci. Ustata kaj nekoi e vreàna poslabo, kaj drugi Zoomorfnata plastika e raznovidna i tainstvena. Ne- poizrazena, kaj eden primerok od Tumba Maxari taa e vo olitskiot ~ovek, svrten kon obezbeduvaweto hrana, svojata pla~. Na primerokot od Tumba Mogila, so izrazena gracil- blagosostojba ja dolèl na poljodelstvoto i na sto~arstvoto. nost i elegancija, ustata e sobrana i zaedno so srame`liviot Znaej}i go toa, neolitskiot ~ovek nekoi ìvotni ги primo bachio pogled asocira „ ”. Licata na cilindrite od po~ituval i vo tekot na dolgite mileniumi od paleolitot Pelagonija imaat triagolna forma i asociraat na maski. i neolitot, sozdadeni se kultovi kon niv. Najgolem kult Cilindrite se modelirani od nepre~istena zemja okolu e sozdaden kon bikot. Eden primerok od Tumba Maxari e drvo, od koe e ostanat otpe~atok vo pozitiv. so ~ove~ki lik i potsetuva na anti~kite kentauri. Nekoi istraùva~i smetaat deka vo recipientite se ~uvalo zrna 20 Denes znaeme deka cilindrite i Golemata majka ne bile iz- ìto za seme za slednata seidba . in usum mortuorum rabotuvani „ ”, odnosno nemale funerarna funkcija. Za toa najdobro zboruva Golemata majka od Govr- Od Tumba Maxari e kerami~ka pretstava na glava na oven 21 levo, prikaàna so nabreknati gradi i poodminat gravid- (bik)-bukranion . So prirodni dimenzii, so inkrustrirana itet. Najverojatno se povrzani so kultot na plodnosta. bela posna boja (moèbi pepel?) vo nozdrite, so otvori vo koi bile vsadeni prirodni rogovi, taa zboruva za kultot So svojata ednostavnost, posebno mesto ima eden primerok kon ovenot-bikot. Kako i drugite vajarski dela, ukaùva na na glava na èna, markantno izvajana, vo prirodna golemi- visokite umetni~ki i estetski dostreli na kerami~arite- na. Liceto e ramno, so vreàni i plasti~no izvedeni o~i i vajari od Tumba. Bidej}i zadniot del e potpolno mazen, nos, ustata ja nema. Frizurata e so plasti~ni dlaboki brazdi najverojatno bila aplicirana na fasadata na nekoja ku}a. - pletenki sobrani na ednata strana vo kok, otkriena na Tumba Maxari. Moèbi e del od nekoja monumentalna skulp- Treta kategorija kultni predmeti se `rtvenicite, ~esto tura na Golemata majka? zastapeni na site arheolo{ki lokalitetite. Osnovnata forma na `rtvenik e masi~ka so recipient i postament na koj stoi. Toa moè da bide malo ~ini~e, so dnoto postaveno Kultna plastika na masi~ka, so ~etiri noze, so razli~na viso~ina. Moè da bide i plitok recipient, vklopen vo masata, so blago pro- Osobeno interesna kategorija vo neolitskata umetnost e an- filiran venec. Postarite, po forma se triagolni, so vdlab- tropomorfnata i zoomorfnata kultna plastika. Kaj prvata nat kruèn recipient. Ovoj tip `rtvenici ima vertikalni naj~esto se pretstavuva ènata. Vo srednoneolitskite fazi ~etiriagolni ili kru`ni noze, ~esto me|usebno povrzani ènskite figurini se steatopigni (ili kru{kesti idoli, so niza od vreàni triagolnici. Nekoi primeroci imaat kako {to gi narekuvaat), izvajani od dve identi~ni polovi- nazabeni arki, osobeno od Velu{ko-porodinskata grupa. ni, a potoa spoeni. Glavata obi~no nedostiga. Polovite organi se naglaseni so eden vreàn triagolnik. Vo Tumba Poseben tip `rtvenici se od tipot osnova na ku}a so Maxari e najden eden primerok, izvajan vo bel kamen, so na- ~etiriagolna forma, podlabok recipient i so plasti~no glasena steatopigija, gradite se mali, vratot-tenok, racete- nazna~eno ogni{te. Zastapeni se niz celiot neolit. tordirani, a glavata nedostiga. Od ovoj lokalitet e i malata Na izlo`bata se prezentiraat dela na neolitskiot majstor- glava od belutrak, so naglasen nos. Prirodnata forma na umetnik, so umetni~ki vrednosti koi dozvoluvaat likovno- kamenot e maksimalno iskoristena. Izrabotena e dobro, so stilski opredelbi. Vo ovoj mig naukata sistematizirala golemo ~uvstvo za forma, so golem nos, a na ~eloto ima mala i definirala samo dva: floralnite ornamenti vo ukrasu- 30 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 31 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

vaweto na keramikata i kultot na Golemata majka. Ovoj kult e jza`. Vo nego mirno i spokojno se odvival ìvotot so site ne- ra{iren na celata teritorija na Makedonija. Na teritori- bidnini. Neolitskiot ~ovek ja sakal makedonskata zemja i jata na Velu{ko-porodinskata grupa taa e osnovnoto veru- dolgo ìveel na nea. Od ra|aweto bil vrzan za nea so cvrsta vawe od najstarite fazi. Zatoa vo skulpturata e tolku mar- papo~na vrvca. Nikoga{ ne ja napu{til, ostanal na nea, kantno i ~esto izrabotuvana. Vakvi idoli ili `rtvenici prisuten e niz arheologijata do den-dene{en, nadgraduvj}i na Kosovo i Pomoravje se javuvaat duri vo docniot neolit. gi svoite ìvotni iskustva. Toj ostavil mnogubrojni tragi i Pritisnati od pomobilnite i povitalnite nositeli na informacii, koi ~estopati za nas se nerazbirlivi i nejas- metalot, nositelite na kulturata Vin~a, poleka se {irat na ni. Na poleto na umetnosta ostanale sovr{eni kerami~ki site strani, pa i na jug. Istovremeno, vo Severna Grcija se sadovi koi i denes imaat moderni formi i ìvi ukrasi. Vo slu~uvaat sli~ni procesi, kako i vo Panonija. Tie se rezul- niv se za~etocite na nekakov vid poraki so razni {ari i tat i pod vlijanie na golemite neolitski centri za opsidi- crti~ki, naredeni vo odreden ritam i so nejasna simbolika jan i sol od Anadolija. Taka, na nekoi naselbi na ostrovite i so nerazbirliva harmonija. Prou~uvaweto na ovaa etapa od se formiraat golemi trgovski emporiumi koi trguvaat so ~ovekovata evolucija i po~etok, i razvoj na sedentarizmot e Grcija i Trakija. Takov e slu~ajot so Hios, Salijagos, Sever- osnovata na civilizacijata. Koi se pri~inite za zamirawe nite Sporadi i dr. Tie kontakti postoele u{te od raniot na ìvotot na naselbite od docniot neolit, zasega e te{ko neolit i nikoga{ ne prestanale. Po tie pati{ta se prene- da se pretpostavi. Istoriski, neolitskata civilizacija suvaat i metalite. Glavnite ekonomski i kulturni vrski na ne moèla da go nadìvee svojot ekstenziven na~in na naselbite od Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata grupa, po~nuvaj}i od stopanisuvawe. Otkritieto na metalot i dominiraweto na formiraweto, sekoga{ bila Pelagonija. sto~areweto, kako osnovna ekonomska baza, gi diktira i kul- turnite dvièwa. Toa sistematski, od koren, gi menuva site Vo neolitskata kultura i vo umetnosta vo Republika Make- socioekonomski odnosi vo op{testvoto. Mirniot ìvot donija, dominira kultot na Golemata majka. Toj gi spojuva na naselbite prestanuva, doa|aat novi populacii so drugi dvete makedonski grupi i go izdvojuva neolitot na Make- znaewa i iskustvo. Krajot ne se slu~il odedna{, tuku bil donija od sosednite oblasti, osobeno Star~evo, dolinata proces {to trael dolgo. Moèbi gasneweto na neolitskata na Struma i Nea Nikomedija (Sesklo- Dimini) i Va{temi- zemjodelska civilizacija traela niz celiot docen neolit. Podgorie. Umetni~ki i vajarski dela so vakva koncepcija i ekspresivnost se karakteristika samo za makedonskiot Neolitskata umetnost sozdavana vo Velu{ko-porodinskata i neolit. Vo Velu{ko-porodinskata grupa, kaj Golemata majka Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata kulturna grupa, vo periodot na ra- dominira ku}ata, zna~i semejstvoto, kako osnovna kletka na niot neolit, 6.300- 5.800 god. pr.n.e., potoa sredniot 5.800 op{testveniot i ekonomskiot ìvot. Vo krugot na semejst- -5.300 i docniot 5.300-4.200 god. pr.n.e. e najvisokata uni- voto, koe ìvee na edno mesto, vo svoja ku}a-dom, se odviva verzalna kulturna manifestacija na teritorijata na Repub- ìvotot. Griàta za potomstvoto, nivnoto vospituvawe na lika Makedonija. Nejziniot specifi~en kulturen profil osnovnite ìvotni normi, znaewa i iskustvo se crpat od toj vo skulpturata, `rtvenicite i kultot kon Golemata majka, a izvor. Vo Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata grupa dominira ~ovekot/ vo slikanata keramika, floralniot stil, maslinovo gran~e, antroposot. Vo repertoarot na antropomorfnata plastika kako venec na plodorodieto, sè u{te se nau~en predizvik i nema golemi razliki me|u dvete grupi. Vo zoomorfnata enigma. plastika vo Pelagonija dominira èlkata, bikot, elenot i dr. Vo Anzabegovo-vr{ni~kata grupa èlkata i elenot otsustvuvat, a bikot i pticata se prisutni. Vo `rtvenicite, kultni masi~ki, zasega ne moè da se kaè za nekoi golemi razliki.

Neolitskata umetnost od Republika Makedonija pretstavuva najvisok kulturen i socioekonomski fenomen vo mladoto kameno vreme na Centralen Balkan. Taa e formirana i `iveela na pitoma teritorija, koja mu dozvolila na neolitskiot ~ovek lesno da ja osvoi. Toj bil ispolnet od nea i od nejzinite prirodni manifestacii - plitki ezera i mo~uri{ta, niski ridovi obrasnati so pitomi {umi. Site izgrevi i zalezi na sonceto go ra|ale i go hranele ovoj pe- 32 Неолитската уметност на територијата Драгиша Здравковски Неолитската уметност на територијата 33 нa Република Mакедонија нa Република Mакедонија

1. 9 16 I. Stawowy-Kawka, Historia Macedonii. Zdravkovski D., 1993 Neolitska Simoska D .- Sanev V. 1976, Praistorija Wroclaw-Warszawa-Krakow 2000, 5. naselba „ûbuk ~e{ma”- s.Niku{tak, vo Centralna Pelagonija, Bitola, 11 Maced.acta archaeol Kumanovo, .13, 2. Skopje, 17-30 17 A. Siemaszco, Sztuka ikony. Krakow Ibid.13 2000, 13. 10 Bilbija M. Cerje-neolitsko naselje, 18 3. AP Ljubljana Ibid 26, 1988, 35-36 .96 N.G.L. Hammond, A History of Macedonia, vol.1. Oxford 1972, 3. 11. 19 S. Dimitrijević, Praistorija jugoslavenskih Sanev V.1981 Neolitsko svetili{te od 4. zemalja, II Neolit. Sarajevo 1979, 246. Tumba vo s.Maxari, Skopje (folder od M. Gimbutas, Neolithic Macedonia. Los izlo`bata) Angeles 1976, 29. 12 Gara{anin M., Problemi nеоlита и 20 S. Vetnić, Starčevo altars from settlements in 5 енеолита Cентралног Балкана у веzи the Velika Morava River Basin, Glasnik srbskog Informacijata e dobiena od са реzултатима истраживања у Maced. acta archaeol. 10, arheološkog društva 15-16, 2001, 12 M.Bilbija, za {to najsrde~no mu Македонији, 1989, 28-29 blagodarime. 21 6 13 V. Sanev, Terakotna glava na oven Informacijata e dobiena od Jov~evska T. 1993, Ku}ata od horizont od arheolo{kata zbirka na Muz- Maced.acta istraùva~ot I.Koli{trkoska - Nas- I vo neolitskata naselba Mramor kaj ejot na Makedonija, Maced.acta archaeol. archaeol teva, za {to srde~no blagodarame. â{ka, 13, Skopje, .15,Skopje 1999, 15-24 31-41 7 Simoska D.- Sanev V., Праисторија 14 D. Mitrevski, Prehistory in the Republic of vо Cентраlnа Пеlаgонија, Битола, Macedonia, The Balkans in prehistory, Athens 1976, 31-33 2001, 88

8 Sarжoski S.-Zdravkovski D., Тумба 15 P 28, Ljubljana Паl~иште, А 1987, 43 Kitanoski B., Simoska D., Todorovi} J. 1983 Naselbata Pe{terica i prob- lemot naraniot neolit vo Pelagonija, Maced.acta archaeol .6, Skopje, 9-20 Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 35

Introduction

The exhibition “Neolithic art in the Republic of Macedonia” presents a small portion of artefacts found in museums. The Neolithic period is still one of the less explored periods of our prehistoric past. However, the results currently available to archaeologists demonstrate its enormous significance. The selection of exhibits was made with a view to presenting the audience with a more comprehensive image of the beginnings of civilization in the Republic of Macedonia. The last exhibition entitled Prazgodovina Makedonije (Prehistory of Macedonia) was presented in the National Museum in Ljubljana back in 1979. We wish to dedicate this exhibition to Prof. Josip Korošec, the first explorer of the Anzabegovo site.

Natural and geographic features

The Republic of Macedonia is situated in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, in its natural direction, namely the Vardar and Morava valley that connects the Aegean and Pannonia. This geographic location has determined its role throughout history, since the Neolithic period up until today.

“Macedonia is spread in the Central part of the Balkan Peninsula, between the Aegean Sea in the south and Šar Mountain in the north, the Dinara Mountains in the west and the Rodopi in the east. Having in mind its geographic position, at the very crossroads of the most important routes, Macedonia played a significant role in the development of Europe. Situated at the edge of two important cultures, the Aegean-Anadolic and the Central European, it created a specific inner Balkan culture, accepting external influences as well. The oldest sources regarding life in Macedonia date back to the Early Neolithic period, the earliest era of the Late Stone Age, the period of primitive agriculture and cattle-breeding...”1

“From a historical point of view, Macedonia is a region in the Balkan Peninsula, divided today among the Republic of Macedonia, Greece and Bulgaria. Its boundaries in the East are the river Mesta (Nestos) in Bulgaria and the western slopes of the Rodopi mountains, in the north the mountain chain of Široka, Skopska Crna Gora and Šar mountains, in the west the Korab mountain and the lakes of Ohrid and Prespa, Mount Pindos in the south-west, and its southern boundaries the river Bistrica (Haliakmon), Mount Olympus and the gulf of Thessaloniki with the Halkidiki peninsula”.2 The definition of the term Macedonia in a geographic and historical perspective would be the territory between the rivers Vardar and Bistrica (Aksios and Haliakmon), and their tributaries.3 36 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 37

The territory of the Republic of Macedonia covers the areas around the river Vardar and its tributaries. The rivers Vardar and Strumica end in the Aegean Sea via the river Struma. The river Crn Drim flows from Ohrid Lake and out into the Adriatic Sea. As for the morphology of the Republic of Macedonia, it

features medium-high mountains and ravines intersected Tetovo Skopje by river valleys. The biggest valleys are Pelagonija, Polog, Skopje and Kumanovo, the Bregalnica river valley with Ovče Pole, Povardarje and the valley of Strumica. These are all interconnected, enabling easy communication. The lower parts Štip of the valleys were actually swamps, which dried during the 20th Veles century. The lakes of Ohrid, Prespa and Dojran are the biggest natural lakes.

Neolithic culture features a predominantly agricultural Prilep civilization, depending on the natural and geomorphologic conditions on the field. The landscape in Macedonia during the 7th-5th millennium BC was identical throughout the entire Ohrid

territory. The areas in Pelagonija, following the river Crna and Bitola its curves, were covered in large swamps, shallow lakes and marsh, weed and grass. The landscape in the region of Polog, Skopje and Strumica was similar. These swamps were natural accumulators of heat energy and thus made winters much milder. The natural base for the existence of the Neolithic Thessaloniki civilization in Macedonia was identical. Neolithic man was oriented towards natural resources. The swamps provided enough fish, shells, birds and other animals, and in times of poor harvest, they provided food supplements. Neolithic man found stones, rocks and wood from his surroundings. The peripheral areas of the valleys and the areas around the swamps Directions of neolithization were the usual locations for the construction of so-called “tumba” (i.e. tumulus) settlements.

The most renowned archaeological sites in Pelagonia are the Porodin Tumba, Veluška Tumba, Dobromiri Tumba, Mogila Tumba, the Big and Small Trnska Tumba, Vrbjanska Čuka near the village of Slavej, and 70 others. In the area of Polog and the Skopje-Kumanovo region, the following sites are noted: Tumba Palčište, Tumba Stenče, Tumba Brvenica, and Tumba Madjari Skopje. The second type of settlement is situated on river terraces. Settlements of this type are Barutnica near the village of Anzabegovo, Vršnik v. Tarinci, Rug Bair v. Gorubinci, Alin Dol v. Nemanjici, Slatina v. Zelenikovo, Cerje v. Govrlevo, and Mramori v. Čaška. The archaeological map of the Republic of Macedonia features 200 registered Neolithic sites.

In the Neolithic period, the climate in Macedonia was precipitatious with mild winters. This, along with the natural and geographic conditions, enabled Neolithic man to lead a relatively calm and tranquil life. 38 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 39

Neolithization of the Republic Basis features of the Neolithic period in the of Macedonia Republic of Macedonia

Neolithic culture in the Republic of Macedonia, as represented The Neolithic period in the Republic of Macedonia existed and in the Velušina-Porodin and Anzabegovo-Vršnik cultural group, developed in a period of over two thousand years from the second belongs to the Balkan-Anatolian culture complex. It derived on half of the 7th millennium BC to the second half of the 5th a broad cultural basis from the process of primary neolithization millennium BC, in three phases, namely: Old, Middle and Late through the predominant participation of monochrome polished Neolithic. In general, archaeology defines two major cultural and painted pottery. This process took place in the period from groups which existed in the Republic of Macedonia: the Velušina- 6,400 to 6,100 BC. The research made thus far in the area of Porodin in Pelagonija, and the Anzabegovo-Vršnik in Northern Neolithic in Macedonia has not discovered the existence of pre- Macedonia. Science also mentions other groups besides the pottery archaeological findings. These groups are a result of the above stated, but their existence has still not been confirmed or migration from the south, i.e. from Thessaly. The direction of valued. In order to present and demonstrate Neolithic art, we movement was through the Aegean part of Macedonia towards will emphasize the most remarkable artefacts discovered in the Pelagonia, and the oldest settlements of this kind are the Big latest archaeological researches. These two groups have their Trnska Tumba and Pešterica. The Neolithic continues to spread own specificities, yet many common elements as well. Whenever north through Pešterica towards the Babuna river valley and necessary, some characteristic elements will be noted as a Azot in the valley of Skopje. The oldest settlement in the Skopje specificity of one group or the other. region is Govrlevo, where the group starts to spread throughout the entire valley and towards the east in Ovče Pole, in the north The boundary of the Velušina-Porodin and the Anzabegovo- towards the Kumanovo region, and via the Preshevo watershed Vršnik group is an interesting one. In the oldest phase, the up north to the Morava river valley. From Ovče Pole in the east second group was limited to the territory whose centre was the down the Bregalnica river valley, the group spreads towards the Skopje region, Ovče Pole, the valleys of Bregalnica and rivers Middle Struma region, and goes south down the river Lakavica of Lakavica. In this phase, Polog and parts of the Skopje region towards the Strumica region. In Polog, the group is a result of were under the direct cultural influence of the Velušina-Porodin the direct contacts with Pelagonia since the forms of pottery and group. During the Middle Neolithic period, the Anzabegovo- decorations in the oldest layer of Tumba Stenče are identical with Vršnik group began spreading throughout the entire Upper those from the Velušina-Porodin group. In this earliest phase, the Vardar region, the Kumanovo region and the valleys and fields contacts between Polog and Pelagonija are evident and real. But down the rivers Pčinja, Kriva Reka, Bregalnica, Lakavica, in the following phase, Middle Neolithic, the settlements in Polog Strumica and Vardar up to Demir Kapija. The size of this established direct chronological and historical communication territory was not reduced during the Late Neolithic period, but with their counterparts in the Skopje region. the natural resources were, which led to the abandonment of some settlements and concentration of life in a limited number of settlements. The territory of the Velušina-Porodin group was Chronological framework reduced and limited to Pelagonija only. and dates

During the archeological explorations, the findings Anzabegovo-Vršnik assembled were analyzed with C-14 radioactive coal and cultural group thermoluminiscence. According to the results obtained, Anzabegovo I dates between 6,100 and 5,800 BC; Anzabegovo II The oldest phases of the Anzabegovo-Vršnik cultural group, Anza- 5,800; Anzabegovo III 5,300 and Anzabegovo IV from 5,200 to Vršnik I a-c, belong to the Old Neolithic period featuring white 5,000 BC.4 ornaments painted on a red background. This phase existed in the period between 6,300-6,100 and 5,800 BC. The main characteristic The analyzed materials from the second and third stratum of of white painted pottery is floral ornaments and the created floral Govrlevo can be qualified as dating back from 5,800 and 5,300 BC.5 style in the overall art of the group. White floral ornaments and the “wreath of fertility“, i.e. an olive tree, are the oldest Neolithic The newest dates are those of the Eneolithic settlement of Pilavo representations. Ornaments representing an olive branch are also in the village of Burilčevo, dating back to 4,540-4,330 BC for the featured on the gourd-shaped vessel discovered in Anzabegovo. older, and 3,750 BC for the younger phase.6 This stratum was revealed at many sites: Veluška Tumba,7 40 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 41

Tumba Palčište,8 Tumba Stenče, Čubuk česma,9 Cerje-Govrlevo10 and others. The pottery from the oldest layer in Anzabegovo, according to the general features of forms and ornaments, demonstrates visible similarities with the Anatolian type. The connections with Thessaly, settlement phases from Protosesclo, Presesclo and Classical Sesclo, become more evident. Further in • Dolno Konjare • Mrševci the evolution, during the entire Middle Neolithic period, the • Dolno Palčište • Madjari • Dolno Sedlarce Anzabegovo ties with the Northern Starčevo group in Serbia. The ◎ Skopje • Rug Bair • Govrlevo leit-motive or the constant when it comes to the Anzabegovo- • Stenče • Vršnik • Mamutčevo Zubovce • • Zelenikovo • Barutnica Anzabegovo Vršnik group is the floral ornaments (vegetative), absent in this form in the Starčevo group, although persisting and evolving in the spiraloid or girlandoid style.11 In Starčevo, the primary • Damjan style is constructive and geometrical, whose origin, according to

• Čaška D. Srejović, can be directly derived from the engraved hanging • Pešterica triangles on the bones and sceptres from Lepenski Vir. • Radin dol • Angelci

• Vrbjani The biggest blossom of Neolithic culture in the Republic of Crničani • • Ustie • Mogila Macedonia took place during the Middle or developed Neolithic. It is characterized with fine red pottery and dark brown ornaments Karamani • • Trn on a red background. This phase lasts between 5,800 and 5,300 BC • Gjorev Rid (Anzabegovo-Vršnik II-III). This was established in the developed Velušina • • Porodin phases at all sites: Anzabegovo, Tumba Madjari, Zelenikovo, Govrlevo, Rug Bair, Vršnik,12 and Mramori.13 In the Velušina- Porodin group, brown painted pottery is very rare. What is also characteristic is the appearance of a brown or dark brown spiral on cups with a small ring – similar to a leg. Another distinguishable feature is the brown painted vertical and alternated thick and thin lines, often with vertical spirals between them. The

The most important neolithic sites floral style in pottery decoration continues with new aesthetic inventions. As a fashion trend of that period (Anzabegovo-Vršnik III), a new constructive geometric style appears, brought from the north as a Starchevo element. Artistic representations of the Magna Mater cult are predominant in cult sculpture.

The end of the middle/developed Neolithic period in Macedonia was marked by the appearance of the so-called “Vinča” Late Neolithic pottery.14 The stratigraphic data available determine the last layer of Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV as Late Neolithic. Its major features are black polished and cannelured pottery, biconical profilation and handles. From a stratigraphic point of view, this pottery was found in a layer, which is highly susceptible to destruction. The findings in Anzabegovo, Rug Bair and Alin Dol in Ovče Pole and the last layer defined as Zelenikovo II, as well as the last layer in Tumba Palčište and Govrlevo, also belong to Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV, i.e. to the Late Neolithic period. This corresponds to the Vinča-Tordoš I phase in the North. At the same time, these elements are characteristic for the Paradimi culture in Northern Greece. East of Mount Pangei and Drama field up to the gulf of Thermai, a late Neolithic cultural group was formed under the name of Topolnica-Akropothamos. 42 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 43

Velušina-Porodin Cult sculpture in the Velušina-Porodin group is diverse. cultural group Anthropomorphic sculpture is also rich and diverse. The Neolithic artist was always intrigued by the human body. The This group existed in four internal phases I-IV, from the end most common presentations are those of female sculptures of the of the 7th until the end of the 5th millennium BC, when Late pillar-like and steatopygic type. The first ones are very simple, Neolithic disappears completely. Just as in Northern Macedonia with hair, nose and primary and secondary sexual features. The and in Pelagonija, settlements of the tumba type are most hair is gathered in a bun. The second type features an emphasized common. Settlements on river terraces are fewer: Pešterica,15 steatopygia, small body and often a schematized or no head. The Vlaku in the village of Živojno, and Bela Crkva near the village of most frequent position is half bent, with arms placed on the belly Brod.16 Houses were built in the exact same manner, with the use and a small plastic disc on the pubis. of reed, beams and sometimes with a sub-construction of piles below the floor to serve as insulation from humidity. The mock Zoomorphic sculpture features presentations of an ox or bull, houses made of pottery provide the best illustration for these deer, sheep and other animal. Sometimes these are mere stylized residential facilities. A trapezoid house from the Late Neolithic sculptures without any details, on the one hand, or realistically period was discovered in Tumba Porodin. The group existed in presented ones with great plasticity, on the other. What is also Pelagonija, in natural surroundings and conditions completely interesting are the sacrificial altars with deer protoma and one identical to the landscape around the settlements from the sample representing a turtle. The two back legs are sculpted with Anzabegovo-Vršnik group. two small thickenings presented plastically as being lowered, i.e. reminiscent of layers of thick and layered skin. The recipient has The Velušina-Porodin group is older than the Anzabegovo- a curved form with an accentuated in-drawn wreath. The heads Vršnik one and was developed under the direct influence of the have tall necks with a throat, small mouths and thickenings on Early Neolithic period in Thessaly. Pelagonija offered excellent the back side. These are presented as if emerging or stretching conditions for agriculture and cattle-breeding, enabling the out from the recipient. A small furnace is placed between the group to exist in relative well-being. The pottery manufactured heads. A similar furnace is found in the altar foundation of by the group demonstrates unity in all phases and generally a house in Tumba Porodin. This particular detail allows us to shows the same features. The Old Neolithic period features the assume with great certainty that these two altars, discovered in predominance of rough red barbotine pottery with finger traces, the same house, were in fact made by one and the same person. arcade (organized barbotine, plastic stripes with fingerprints Another sample of a turtle is the one found in Vrbjanska Čuka. in larger vessels) pythos, pots, plates and cups. The Impresso Well sculpted heads of dears with horns and an ibex were also technique is used in small-sized vessels. These are mainly discovered in Pelagonija. ornaments with impressions, nail prints, pitches in the form of a wheat ear and wheat grains, also present in Anzabegovo- What is of particular interest are the models of houses featuring Vršnik group pottery.17 Fine pottery is either monochrome or a two feet roof with anthropomorphic cylinders on top (used as painted. These are bowls with semi-globular, profiled neck chimneys) of the Great Mother type, as are the altars without vessels, amphorae, covers, and cups with small conical legs. The roofs, only with triangular lateral walls set upon tall serrated facture of the pottery is good, being well polished and shiny. The pedestals (are these in fact palaphites?). The aforementioned ornaments are angular with triangles, clepsydrae, and cascade points to the fact that Neolithic man from Pelagonija worshipped stripes painted in white. the house and household/fireplace. Such foundations of houses are also found in the Anzabegovo-Vršnik group. A model of a The Middle Neolithic period continues to feature rough vessels stylized house, similar to the Pelagonija models, is the altar from decorated with unorganized barbotine and impresso pricks. Fine Vršnik, also dating back from the Late Neolithic.18 pottery in crimson red also appears, painted with white coloured ornaments in the form of the letter “Z”, sigmas, and cascade stripes. Floral style in painted pottery During the Late Neolithic rough pottery continues to exist, with the predominance of grey and brown. Fine pottery features The phenomenon of floral ornaments in the decoration of pottery ornaments from the Middle Neolithic: dots, crescents, triangles, vessels and their forms, defined as the floral style, was noticed and elongated angles. in the very first excavations performed in 1960 in Anzabegovo by 44 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 45

Josip Korošec. Later excavations only confirmed this hypothesis. art of Macedonia. It would perhaps be exaggerated to say that it We wish to emphasize this as a very important element of the is part of the folklore and is the bearer of common cultural and Anzabegovo-Vršnik cultural group. Beginning from the earliest artistic elements of the group, which reunites the “ethnos” that phases, throughout the Middle Neolithic, and up to the Late existed on the territory of Northern Macedonia and Pelagonija in Neolithic, the ornament representing a wreath of leaves is the period between 6,300 and 4,200 BC. present in the entire ceramographic corpus. This style is in fact the folklore phenomenon imminent to the people within the Anzabegovo-Vršnik group. This goes along with the gourd The Great (pumpkin) as a basis and inspiration for the manufacture of Mother Cult vessels – amphorae. These are the most beautiful and impressive forms of vessel found in the settlements of our groups. The three The most astonishing phenomenon in the Neolithic period amphorae discovered in houses 1 and 3 in Tumba Madjari are the in Macedonia are the altars of the Great Mother type. The first artefacts on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia for oldest form of primaeval idea for the Great Mother is the altar which it can be said with great certainty that they were in fact discovered in Tumba Stenče. It is made from a rectangular made by one master. Some of the cups from house 1 in Tumba pedestal – a house, with 2 rectangular openings and 2 openings Madjari were also the work of this craftsman. in the form of the letter M, set on opposite sides. It speaks of the ancient cult of the Great Mother, beginning from the Old When it comes to painted pottery and impresso decorated pottery, Neolithic, throughout the entire Middle Neolithic and the floral ornaments are constantly present in all phases of the connection between the Anzabegovo-Vršnik and Velušina- Anzabegovo-Vršnik cultural group. In the Old Neolithic, these are Porodin cultural group. realistically painted white olive leaves. They are placed with their roots in a double row, facing the bottom of the vessel in a vertical The first entirely preserved one was discovered in house 1 in 1981 row. The fertility wreath or garland is painted in brown over a red in Tumba Madjari.19 This sample, with its impressive dimensions or light ochre background on amphorae and cups. of 0.39m in height, classic calm pose of emerging from the house and at the same time protecting its peace and household, makes Cups are vessels deriving from a simple semi-globular shape this terracotta presentation exclusive. with an indrawn wreath, slightly accentuated belly and a small ring-like leg. At the beginning, they were not decorated with The philosophical idea for the primaeval mother, from whom painting. They further developed into bell-shaped vessels with a everything begins, is presented as a cylinder with basic soft S profile luxuriously decorated over an enrobe with vertical anthropomorphic features: Eyes, nose, often without a mouth, lines and triangles. By the end of the Middle Neolithic period, rarely presented with breasts and a belly-button, hands with it acquires a baroque-like S profile with a thickened wreath and bracelets firmly placed upon the house as if holding it (presented well polished gloss finish decorated with spirals and vertical in an irregular cubic shape), with various forms of window lines, hanging triangles or combinations of the two. In the late openings. On the bottom of the foundation of the house, some Neolithic period, this shape of vessel acquires a sharp S profile, samples have a hole vertically communicating with the opening with turban cannelures on the shoulder and a shiny grey metallic in the middle of the cylinder. This might be a communication colour, placed upon a taller hollow leg. between the Earth and the Sky. The sample from Cerje-Govrlevo is in advanced gravidity. One of the samples from Tumba The garland is painted on many pottery vessels: the small and big Madjari is 31.5 cm tall, without hands, but the house is especially amphora from Tumba Madjari, the cup from Rug Bair, fragments prominent as opposed to the cylinder and face. Therefore we from cups found in Anzabegovo, Tumba Mrševci, etc. It is the believe that in this sample the house dominates the anthropos. favourite ornament throughout the entire Neolithic and is painted This is also implied by the greater number of openings in the with the intention to dominate, since it represents a closed and walls. A classic example of this kind is from Tumba Porodin defined micro-universe. It is an abstract geometric representation with a model of a house. Such are the models from Dobromiri of floral elements painted on pottery. Its usage is present in the and Veluška Tumba, for example. Especially remarkable is the Neolithic culture, and the Late Neolithic period marks its end. sample from Tumba Madjari, with the artistically sculpted hair The last presentation of engraved rhombuses is featured on the styled in double braids and gathered with a hairpin. Gentle figurine from the river Drim estuary in Struga. In the Eneolithic, bangs are painted in red on the forehead; the nose is small, the steatopygic figurines have secondary rhombuses or tertiary whereas the eyes are presented with a simple incision. The artist ornaments. These are the distant echoes of the floral style in the paid particular attention to hairstyles – some of them are in the 46 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia 47

African style, some are only marked by incisions, etc. In general, At first sight, just formally, it is very much reminiscent of the hairstyles speak of the extraordinary rich fashion of the Neolithic later Cycladic idols. In the Late Neolithic, the figurines are woman. All known samples demonstrate different treatment of thinner and feature secondary sexual characteristics as well. The the eyes. Thus, the sample from Tumba Palčište differs from all appearance of male presentations is much more frequent in this the other known samples whose eyes are either incised or slightly period. The shapes are elongated and have emphasized sexual accentuated. This particular sample has impressive eyes. The characteristics, with grey baking. Very often, the figurines were iris is plastically sculpted and placed in a beautiful almond-like only presented as heads with the basic features – nose, eyes and eye whose eyelids finish with a long plastic line, leaving the sometimes a mouth. The hairstyle is often very carefully and impression of make-up. Some samples have incised eyes, others artistically presented. half-open, some wide open, and others with lowered upper eyelids. In certain samples, the mouth is flippingly incised, The zoomorphic sculpture is diverse and intriguing. Neolithic whereas in others it is more emphasized – in one sample found man was focused on providing food, and thus owed his well-being in Tumba Madjari, it expresses crying. The Tumba Mogila to agriculture and cattle-breeding. With this in mind, Neolithic sample features a particular grace and elegance – the mouth man respected certain animals and created cults dedicated to is closed, and along with the shy look it is reminiscent of a them throughout the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. The biggest “primo baccio”. The faces featured on Pelagonija cylinders have a cult created was that of the bull. One sample discovered in triangular shape reminiscent of masks. The cylinders are shaped Tumba Madjari has a human face and is reminiscent of ancient from unrefined earth around wood, whose remains are visible in centaurs. Some researchers believe that the recipients were used the positive aspect. for storing wheat and seeds for the next sowing.20

Today we know that the cylinders and the Great Mother were not A ceramic depiction of a ram (bull) head – bukranion – was made in usum mortuorum, i.e. did not have a funerary function. This discovered in Tumba Madjari.21 With its natural size, incrusted is best proven by the Great Mother from Govrlevo, presented with white lean paint (perhaps ash?) in the nostrils, and openings full breasts and an advanced stage of gravidity. They were most intended for incorporating natural horns, it speaks of the cult probably related to the cult of fertility. of the ram or bull. Just as the other sculptures, it points to the high artistic and aesthetic achievements of pottery makers and Thanks to its simplicity, a special place may be given to the head sculptors from Tumba. Since the back side is completely smooth, of a woman, remarkably sculpted in its natural size. The face it was probably applied to the facade of a house. is flat, with incised and plastically shaped eyes and nose, and no mouth. The hairstyle features deep plastic tailings or braids The third category of cult objects are altars, often present at all gathered on one side in a bun, discovered in Tumba Madjari. Is archaeological sites. The basic form of an altar is a table with a this perhaps part of a monumental Great Mother sculpture? recipient and a pedestal. It can be a small plate with the bottom set upon a table with four legs of different height. It can also be a shallow recipient incorporated in the table, with a slightly Cult sculpture profiled wreath. The older ones are triangular with a hollowed round recipient. These types of altars have vertical rectangular One of the particularly interesting categories in Neolithic art or round legs, often interconnected with a set of encarved is anthropomorphic and zoomorphic cult sculpture. The most triangles. Some samples have serrated arcs, especially those of common representations in the first category are those of a the Velušina-Porodin group. woman. In the middle Neolithic stage, female figurines are steatopygic (or pear-like idols, as they are often called), sculpted A special type of altar represents a foundation of a house with a from two identical halves, which are merged afterwards. The rectangular shape, a deeper recipient and a plastically defined head is usually missing. The groins are emphasized with a single fireplace. These are present throughout the Neolithic. incised triangle. In Tumba Madjari, a sample sculpted in white stone with an emphasized steatopygia, small breasts, thin neck The exhibition presents the works of Neolithic masters whose and torsive arms, the head is missing. The small white stone artistic values enable their artistic and stylistic classification. At head with an accentuated nose was also discovered at the same present, science has systematized and identified only two: Floral site. The natural shape of the stone was used to the maximum. ornaments in the decoration of pottery and the Great Mother The figurine is well sculpted, with an excellent sense of shape, a cult. This cult is spread on the entire territory of Macedonia. It large nose and a small, barely visible trace of red on the forehead. has been a fundamental belief on the territory of the Velušina- 48 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia Dragiša Zdravkovski Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia

Porodin group since its earliest phases. That is the reason behind cord. He never deserted it, and remained present throughout the frequency and remarkable facture of the sculpture. This archaeology until this day, upgrading his life experiences. He type of idol or altar does not appear until the late Neolithic in left numerous traces and information, often incomprehensible Kosovo and Morava River basin. Pressured by the more mobile and unclear to us. In the field of art, what remained are perfect and energetic craftsmen in metal, the bearers of Vinča culture pottery vessels, whose shape and decoration seem modern and began to spread in all directions, and thus to the south. At the picturesque even nowadays. They provide certain messages with same time, similar processes to those in Pannonia appear in various decorations and lines assembled in a certain rhythm, northern Greece. These are the result of the influence of great with unclear symbolism and an incomprehensible harmony. Neolithic centres for obsidian and salt in Anatoly. Thus, in some The study of this stage of human evolution and the beginning settlements on the islands, big trade emporia trading with and end of sedentiarism represents the basis of civilization. Greece and Thrace were created. Such is the case with Chios, So far, it is difficult to assume what were the reasons for the Saliagos, the northern Sporades islands and others. These disappearance of life in the Late Neolithic settlements. From a contacts were established in the Early Neolithic period and never historical perspective, the Neolithic civilization was unable to ceased, and were the routes for transportation of metals as well. survive its extensive economy and trade. The discovery of metal The main economic and cultural connections of the Anzabegovo- and predominance of cattle-breeding as a fundamental economic Vršnik settlements, ever since their creation, were always with basis dictates cultural movements. It systematically and Pelagonia. profoundly changes all social and economic relations in society. The peaceful life in settlements is disturbed by the appearance Neolithic culture and art in the Republic of Macedonia is of new populations with different knowledge and experiences. dominated by the Great Mother cult. It connects the two The end did not happen at once, but was a long-lasting process. Macedonian groups and distinguishes the Neolithic in It is possible that the disappearance of Neolithic agricultural Macedonia from the other neighbouring areas, especially civilization lasted throughout the entire late Neolithic period. Starčevo, the valley of Struma and Nea Nikomedia (Sesclo and Dimini) as well as Vashtemi and Podgorie. Art and sculpture Neolithic art created in the Velušina-Porodin and Anzabegovo- works with such a concept and expression are a feature only of Vršnik cultural group in the Early Neolithic period, 6,300-5,800 Macedonian Neolithic. In the Velušina-Porodin group as regards BC, afterwards in the Middle 5,800-5,300 and Late Neolithic the Great Mother cult, predominance is given to the house, period 5,300-4,200 BC, is the highest universal cultural i.e. the basic cell of social and economic life. The family circle, manifestation on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. living in one place and in its own house or home, is where life Its specific cultural profile in sculpture, altars and the Great takes place. Taking care of the offspring, their education and Mother cult, as well as the floral style in painted pottery and the fundamental standards of living, knowledge and experiences are olive branch as a symbol of fertility, are still a major scientific drawn from this source. The man anthropos is predominant in the challenge and enigma. Anzabegovo-Vršnik group. There are no significant differences between the anthropomorphic sculptures of the two groups. In Pelagonija zoomorphic sculpture, predominance is given to the turtle, bull, deer, etc. Turtle and deer are absent in the Anzabegovo-Vršnik group, whereas the bull and bird are often present. Considerable differences cannot yet be noted in altars or cult tables.

Neolithic art in the Republic of Macedonia represents the highest cultural, social and economic phenomenon during the Late Stone Age in the Central Balkans. It was established and existed on a relatively tame territory, which was rather easy for Neolithic man to conquer. He was overwhelmed by it and its natural manifestations – shallow lakes and swamps, low hills and woods. The landscape was born and fed by all the sunrises and sunsets. Life and all its ups and downs was taking place in peace and calm. Neolithic man loved Macedonian land and stayed there for a long time. He was connected to it with a strong umbilical 50 Neolithic Art in the Republic of Macedonia

1. 9. 16. I. Stawowy-Kawka, Historia Macedonii. D. Zdravkovski, Neolithic settlement D. Simoska, V. Sanev, Prehistory in central Wroclaw-Warszawa-Krakow 2000, 5. “Čubuk Češma” – s. Nikuštak, Pelagonia. Bitola 1976, 11. Kumanovo. Macedoniae acta archaeologica 13, 2. 1993, 17-30. 17. A. Siemaszco, Sztuka ikony. Krakow Ibid., 13. 2000, 13. 10. M. Bilbija, Cerje, Neolithic settlement. 18. 3. Arheološki pregled 26, 1985, 35-36. Ibid., 96. N.G.L. Hammond, A History of Macedonia, vol.1. Oxford 1972, 3. 11. 19. S. Dimitrijević, Praistorija jugoslavenskih V. Sanev, Neolithic altar from Tumba Madjari. 4. zemalja, II Neolit. Sarajevo 1979, 246. Skopje 1981 (exhibition folder). M. Gimbutas, Neolithic Macedonia. Los Angeles 1976, 29. 12. 20. M. Garašanin, Problemi neolita i eneolita S. Vetnić, Starčevo altars from 5. Centralnog Balkana u vezi sa rezultatima settlements in the Velika Morava River Information courtesy of M. Bilbija. istraživanja u Makedoniji. Macedoniae acta basin. Glasnik srbskog arheološkog društva 15- archaeologica 10, 1989, 28-29. 16, 2001, 12. 6. Information courtesy of researcher Mrs. 13. 21. I. Kolištrovska Nasteva. T. Jovčevska, The house from horizon I V. Sanev, Teracotta ram head from the in the neolithic settlement Mramor near archaeological collection of the Museum 7. Čaška. Macedoniae acta archaeologica 13, 1993, of Macedonia. Macedoniae acta archaeologica D. Simoska, V. Sanev, Prehistory in central 31-41. 15, 1999, 15-24. Pelagonia. Bitola 1976, 31-33. 14. 8. D. Mitrevski, Prehistory in the Republic S. Saržoski, D. Zdravkovski, Tumba of Macedonia, The Balkans in prehistory, Palčište. Arheološki pregled 28, 1987, 43. Athens 2001, 88.

15. B. Kitanoski, D. Simoska, J. Todorović, Pešterica settlement and the issue of early Neolithic in Pelagonia. Macedoniae acta archaeologica 6, 1983, 9-20. Елена Стојанова Канзурова Драгиша Здравковски Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Dragiša Zdravkovski

Katalog на предмети Catalogue of objects

Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Dragiшa Zdravkovski Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Dragiša Zdravkovski Елена Стојанова Канзурова Драгиша Здравковски 55 Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Dragiša Zdravkovski

Formi na kerami~ki sadovi Antropomorfna plastika Kultni жrtvenici Forms of pottery Anthropomorphic sculpture Cult altars

Бр. / No. 1 Бр. / No. 36 Бр. / No. 69 Бр. / No. 2 Бр. / No. 37 Бр. / No. 70 Бр. / No. 3 Бр. / No. 38 Бр. / No. 71 Бр. / No. 4 Бр. / No. 39 Бр. / No. 72 Бр. / No. 5 Бр. / No. 40 Бр. / No. 73 Бр. / No. 6 Бр. / No. 41 Бр. / No. 74 Бр. / No. 7 Бр. / No. 42 Бр. / No. 75 Бр. / No. 8 Бр. / No. 43 Бр. / No. 76 Бр. / No. 9 Бр. / No. 44 Бр. / No. 77 Бр. / No. 10 Бр. / No. 45 Бр. / No. 78 Бр. / No. 11 Бр. / No. 46 Бр. / No. 79 Бр. / No. 12 Бр. / No. 47 Бр. / No. 80 Бр. / No. 13 Бр. / No. 48 Бр. / No. 14 Бр. / No. 49 Печати Бр. / No. 15 Бр. / No. 50 Stamps Бр. / No. 16 Бр. / No. 51 Бр. / No. 17 Бр. / No. 52 Бр. / No. 81 Бр. / No. 18 Бр. / No. 53 Бр. / No. 82 Бр. / No. 19 Бр. / No. 54 Бр. / No. 20 Бр. / No. 55 Бр. / No. 21 Бр. / No. 56 Бр. / No. 22 Бр. / No. 57 Бр. / No. 23 Бр. / No. 58 Бр. / No. 24 Бр. / No. 59 Бр. / No. 25 Бр. / No. 60 Бр. / No. 26 Бр. / No. 27 Zoomorfna plastika Бр. / No. 28 Zoomorphic sculpture Бр. / No. 29 Бр. / No. 30 Бр. / No. 61 Бр. / No. 31 Бр. / No. 62 Бр. / No. 32 Бр. / No. 63 Бр. / No. 33 Бр. / No. 64 Бр. / No. 34 Бр. / No. 65 Бр. / No. 35 Бр. / No. 66 Бр. / No. 67 Бр. / No. 68 Каталог на предмети Форми на керамички садови 57 Catalogue of objects Forms of pottery

Formi na kerami~ki sadovi Forms of pottery

Бр. / No. 1 Бр. / No. 2 Бр. / No. 3 Бр. / No. 4 Бр. / No. 5 Бр. / No. 6 Бр. / No. 7 Бр. / No. 8 Бр. / No. 9 Бр. / No. 10 Бр. / No. 11 Бр. / No. 12 Бр. / No. 13 Бр. / No. 14 Бр. / No. 15 Бр. / No. 16 Бр. / No. 17 Бр. / No. 18 Бр. / No. 19 Бр. / No. 20 Бр. / No. 21 Бр. / No. 22 Бр. / No. 23 Бр. / No. 24 Бр. / No. 25 Бр. / No. 26 Бр. / No. 27 Бр. / No. 28 Бр. / No. 29 Бр. / No. 30 Бр. / No. 31 Бр. / No. 32 Бр. / No. 33 Бр. / No. 34 Бр. / No. 35 58 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 60 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 1 Сад - паница 61 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 1 Bowl

Amzabegovo, Ov~e Pole Sad - panica Visina: 10, 2 sm

Inv.br. 930; istra`uvawe 1969/70 I Mal polutop~est sad so vertikalni tenki yidovi, ramen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik oboд, dno so ~etiri kusi noze. Na stomakot, naslikani Naroden muzej - [tip so bela boja, se nao|aat dva stilizirani golemi cveta,

Anzabegovo, Ovče Pole postaveni na sprotivnite strani. Me|u niv se dve Height: 10,2cm vertikalni lenti so floralen ornament, listovi od maslinka, postaveni vo poliwata me|u cvetovite. Osnovata Inv. No. 930, excavations 1969/70 Anzabegovo-Vršnik I e crvena. Faktura: dobra, boja: crvena. National museum – Štip

Bowl

Small semi-globular vessel with thin vertical walls, flat brim, four - legged bottom. The belly features two stylized and white coloured big flowers set at two opposite sides. Between them are two vertical stripes with floral ornaments - olive leaves, set in the areas between the flowers. Red background. Good facture, red colour. 62 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 2 Сад - паница 63 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 2 Bowl

Alin Dol, Nemawici, Ov~e Pole Sad - panica Visina: 10 sm

Inv.br.bb. Otkrien 1994 I Malo polutop~esto sat~e so tenki yidovi, ramen obod i dno Anzabegovo - Vr{nik so ~etiri kusi noze. Na stomakot, so bela boja, naslikan Naroden muzej - Sv. Nikole e apstrakten floralen ornament, cvet, na sjajna crvena

Alin Dol, Nemanjici, Ovče Pole osnova. Faktura: dobra, boja: crvena. Height: 10cm

Inv. No. bb, discovered in 1994 Bowl Anzabegovo-Vršnik I National museum – Sv. Nikole Small semi-globular vessel featuring thin walls, flat brim, four- legged bottom. The belly features a painting of an abstract floral ornament - flower in white colour on a shiny red background. Good facture, red colour. 64 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 3 Сатче - паница 65 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 3 Small vessel – bowl

Amzabegovo, Ov~e Pole Sat~e - panica Visina: 12 sm

Inv.br. F 1069. Otkrien 1969/70 I Mal polutop~est sad so tenki vertikalni yidovi, ramen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik obod i dno so ~etiri kusi noze. Od obodot do dnoto, so bela Naroden muzej - [tip boja, naslikani se tenki paralelni branovidni lenti so

Anzabegovo, Ovče Pole ostri linii. Faktura: dobra, boja: crvena. Height: 12cm

Inv. No. F 1069, discovered 1969/70 Small vessel – bowl Anzabegovo-Vršnik I National museum – Štip Small semi – globular vessel with thin vertical walls, flat brim and a four-legged bottom. Thin wave like parallel lines painted with white colour from the brim to the bottom. Good facture, red colour. 66 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 4 Паница 67 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 4 Plate

Tumba Sten~e, Polog Panica Ku}a 1 Visina: 9 sm Polutop~esta panica so naglasen stomak, kus vrat, so In.br. 556; istra`uvawe 2000 I slabo razgrlena usta i nenaglaseno dno. Povr{inata sjajno Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje mazneta. Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlo crvena.

Tumba Stenče, Polog Plate House 1 Height: 9cm Semi-globular plate with an emphasized belly, short neck with Inv. No. 556, excavation 2000 a slightly opened mouth, unemphasized bottom. Polished and Anzabegovo-Vršnik I Museum of Macedonia – Skopje shiny surface. Good facture, bright red colour. 68 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 5 Сад 69 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 5 Vessel - gourd

Anzabegovo, Ov~e Pole Sad Visina: 20 sm

Inv.br. 37. Otkrien 1960 I Top~est sad so forma na lejka. Ramen obod, blago razgrlen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik kus vrat i me{est stomak, so nenaglaseno ramno dno. Ukrasen Naroden muzej - [tip e so dve vertikalni nizi od listovi (nerazvieni pupki na Anzabegovo, Ovče Pole Height: 20cm vrba, a vo postarata literatura tie se smetani za kapki voda) i apstraktni floralni ornamenti naslikani so bela boja. Inv. No. 37, discovered 1960 Faktura: dobra, sjajna temnocrvena povr{ina. Anzabegovo-Vršnik I National museum – Štip Vessel - gourd

Globular gourd shaped vessel. Flat brim and slightly opened short neck, tubby belly with unnaccentuated flat bottom. Decorated with two vertical rows of leaves (undeveloped willow buds? In the older literature, these were considered as raindrops) and abstract floral ornaments painted with white colour. Good facture, shiny dark red background. 70 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 6 Сад - лејка 71 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 6 Vessel - gourd

Tumba Sten~e, Polog Sad - lejka Visina: 27 sm

Inv.br. 527; istra`uvawe 2000 I Sad so top~est stomak, visok vrat i ramen obod. Potsetuva Anzabegovo - Vr{nik na lejka. Na stomakot se nao|aat tri mali bradavici, Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje dnoto e ramno, nenaglaseno. Faktura: relativno dobra,

Tumba Stenče, Polog boja: kafeava. Height: 27cm

Inv. No. 527, excavation 2000 Vessel - gourd Anzabegovo-Vršnik I Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Globular vessel with a flat brim and high neck. Reminiscent of a gourd. Three small nipples are featured on the belly, whereas the bottom is flat and unaccentuated. Medium facture, brown colour. 72 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 7 Сад 73 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 7 Pot

Tumba, s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija Sad Visina: 9 sm

Inv. br.295; istra`uvawa 1979 I So blaga Y - profilacija, spleskan stomak i mali Velu{ina - Porodin zadebeluvawa na ramoto. Dnoto e ramno. Na vratot e Zavod i Muzej - Bitola dekoriran so beli {rafirani linii, a na stomakot se

Tumba, village of Velušina – Pelagonija nao|aat aglesti ornamenti. Faktura: dobra, boja: sjajno Height: 9cm mazneta, crvena.

Inv. No. 295, excavation 1979 Velušina-Porodin I Pot Institute and Museum – Bitola

Soft S-profile, flat belly, with small thickenings on the shoulder. Flat bottom. Decorated with white stripes on the neck, and angular ornaments on the belly. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 74 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 8 Сад на четири нозе 75 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 8 Four – legged vessel

Tumba, s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija Sad na ~etiri noze Visina: 15,5 sm

Inv. br.294; istra`uvawa 1979 I Top~est stomak, postaven na ~etiri noze, so kru`en presek. Velu{ina - Porodin Ustata e blago razgrlena, a dnoto e ispaknato. Dekoriran e so Zavod i Muzej - Bitola sedum nizi so E-ornamenti (epsilon) so bela boja. Na nozete

Tumba, village of Velušina – Pelagonija se naslikani triagolni ornamenti. Faktura: dobra, boja: Height: 15,5cm sjajno mazneta, crvena.

Inv. No. 294, excavation 1979 Velušina-Porodin I Four – legged vessel Institute and Museum – Bitola.

Globular belly, set on four legs, with a circular cross-section. Slightly opened mouth. Prominent bottom. Decorated with seven rows of E ornaments in white colour. The legs feature triangular ornaments. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 76 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 9 Чинија 77 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 9 Bowl

Tumba s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija ^inija Visina: 14,5 sm

Inv. br.222; istra`uvawa 1976?; II So blaga Y-profilacija, naglaseno ramo so ~etiri Velu{ina - Porodin , zadebeluvawa, spleskan stomak i ramno nenaglaseno dno. Zavod i Muzej – Bitola Dekorirana e so beli sigmi, vo pet reda. Faktura: dobra,

Tumba, village of Velušina – Pelagonija boja: sjajno mazneta, crvena. Height: 14,5cm

Inv. No. 222, excavations 1976 Bowl Velušina-Porodin II Institute and Museum – Bitola Soft S-profile, emphasized shoulder with four thickenings, flat belly, flat unaccentuated bottom. Decorated with white sigmas in five rows. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 78 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 10 Чинија 79 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 10 Plate

Tumba s. Porodin - Pelagonija ^inija Visina: 9 sm, dijametar 26 sm

Istra`uvawa 1976? II Polutop~esta, so nenaglaseno dno. Od vnatre e dekorirana Velu{ina - Porodin so spu{teni triagolnici, a me|u niv se nao|aat sigma - Zavod i Muzej – Bitola lunuli, naslikani so bela boja. Od nadvore{nata strana,

Tumba, village of Porodin – Pelagonija pod venecot, lunulite se obratno postaveni. Faktura: dobra, Height: 9cm, diameter: 26cm boja: sjajno mazneta, temnocrvena.

Inv. No. 207, excavations 1976 Velušina-Porodin II Plate Institute and Museum – Bitola

Semi-globular, with unemphasized bottom. Soft S-profile, emphasized shoulder with four thickenings, flat belly, flat unemphasized bottom. Decorated with three downcast triangular ornaments in four rows on the inside, with three sigma lunulas painted with white colour among them. On the outside under the wreath, the lunulas are set backwards. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, crimson red colour. 80 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 11 Чинија 81 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 11 Plate

Tumba s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija ^inija Visina: 9 sm

Istra`uvawa 1976? II Dlaboka bikonusna ~inija, dekorirana so aglesti Velu{ina - Porodin ornamenti svrteni nadolu, a me|u niv polumese~inki, Zavod i Muzej - Bitola naslikani so bela boja. Faktura: dobra, boja: sjajno

Tumba, village of Velušina – Pelagonija mazneta, crvena. Height: 7cm

Inv. No. 491, excavations 1976 Plate Velušina-Porodin II Institute and Museum – Bitola Soft S-profile, slightly opened wreath, sharp emphasized shoulder with four thickenings, flat belly, and flat unemphasized bottom. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 82 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 12 Топчест сад 83 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 12 Globular vessel

Velu{ka Tumba, Porodin - Pelagonija Top~est sad Visina: 52 sm

II Velu{ina - Porodin Golem sad so top~est stomak, visok konusen vrat i ramen Zavod i Muzej – Bitola obod. Na stomakot, so bela boja, naslikani se razvle~eni agli so geometriski ornamenti, triagolnici i rombovi. Veluška Tumba, Porodin – Pelagonija Height: 52cm Dnoto e ramno. Faktura: dobra, boja: crvena.

Velušina-Porodin II Institute and Museum – Bitola Globular vessel

Large vessel with a globular belly, tall conical neck and flat rim. Various elongated angles with geometric ornaments, triangles and rhombuses are painted with white colour on the belly. Good facture, red colour. 84 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 13 Сад 85 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 13 Oval pot

Vrbjanska ^uka, s. Slavej - Pelagonija Sad Najden pod pe~kata vo ku}a 1. Visina: 14 sm Jajceviden sad bez vrat, ramno ramo, odvoeno od stomakot Inv. br.323; istra`uvawa 1982 III so ostar profil {to zavr{uva jazi~esto, so dup~e. Dnoto e Velu{ina - Porodin Zavod i Muzej - Prilep ramno. Dekoriran e so beli spoeni triagolni ornamenti. Faktura: dobra, boja: sjajno mazneta, crvena. Vrbjanska Čuka, village of Slavej – Pelagonija Discovered under the furnace in House 1 Oval pot Height: 14cm Oval vessel without the neck, flat shoulder separated Inv. No. 323, excavations 1982 Velušina-Porodin III from the belly, with a sharp profile ending with a small Institute and Museum – Prilep hole. Flat bottom. Decorated with white connected triangular ornaments. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 86 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 14 Грне 87 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 14 Pot

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Grne Kv. G- 4 Visina: 12,7 sm Grne so top~esta forma - stomak, mal vrat, grubo Inv.br.155; istra`uvawe 1982 III zamaznet, ramen obod. Dnoto e ramno, nenaglaseno. Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje Stomakot e dekoriran so impreso-bockawa so nokti, vo vertikalni nizi {to po~nuvaat od ramoto do dnoto. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Faktura: gruba, boja: crvenokafeava. Quad. G4 Height: 12,7cm Pot Inv. No.155, excavation 1982 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Globular shaped pot - belly, small roughly polished neck and flat brim. Flat, unaccentuated bottom. The belly is decorated with impressions of nails in vertical lines, starting from the shoulder to the bottom. Rough facture, reddish brown colour. 88 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 15 Пиксида 89 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 15 Pyxis

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Piksida Kv K 5, pod pe~ka 1 od zap.strana vo ku}a 1 Visina: 0,8 sm, dijametar 0,7 sm Sat~e-piksida so pravilna kru`na forma, ramno ramo, nizok vertikalen vrat, perforiran so osum pravilni Inv.br.93; iskopuvawe 1981 III Anzabegovo - Vr{nik dup~iwa. Na teloto, vo pozitiv, se nao|aat ~etiri spirali Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje vo niza, izvedeni vo kopani~ewe. Identi~ni se nao|aat na amforite i peharite, naslikani so temnokafeava boja. Na dnoto e vre`an ornament od linii vo forma na krst. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Quad. K5, under Furnace 1 in the western Slu`el kako pintadera. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: part of House 1 kafeav-ocrvena. Height: 0,8cm, diameter: 0,7cm

Inv. No. 93, excavation 1981 Pyxis Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Round shaped pyxis vessel with a flat shoulder, short vertical neck, perforated with 8 small holes. The positive aspect features four spirals in a row shaped with the wood-carving (engraving) technique. Identical features are found in amphorae and cups painted with dark brown colour. An ornament consisting of lines in the form of a cross is encarved at the bottom. It served as a pintadera. Medium facture, brown – reddish colour. 90 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 16 Аскос 91 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 16 Askos

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Askos Kv.K4. Visina: 46,2 sm Askos so visok vrat, malku razgrlena usta, so kru`na forma. Inv. br.71; istraùvawe 1981 III Na ednata strana, stomakot e pro{iren - ekcentri~en i Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje ukrasen so barbotin - povlekuvawa od prsti. Na gornata strana se nao|a vertikalna lentesta drжalka. Na drugata Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley strana, vo linijata na zavr{uvawe na stomakot, se nao|aat Quad. K4 po dve horizontalni lentesti drжаlki, edna pod druga, Height: 46,2cm vo korenot povrzani so plasti~ni rebra. Me|u niv, др алките Inv. No. 71, excavation 1981 flankirano, leì jaè za nosewe. Od korenite na ` Anzabegovo-Vršnik III po~nuvaat plasti~ni lenti, {to zavr{uvaat kako noga od Museum of Macedonia – Skopje ptica. Dnoto e ramno. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeavosiva.

Askos

Askos featuring a tall neck slightly opened round shaped mouth. On one side, the belly is expanded - excentric and decorated with barbotine finger trailing. On the upper side, there is a vertical ribbon – like holder. On the other side, in line with the belly, there are two horizontal ribbon-like holders one blows the other, connected at the bottom with plastic ribs. Between them is a flanked carrying rope. Plastic stripes begin at the root of the handles, finishing as a bird leg. Flat bottom. Rough facture, brown - grey colour. 92 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 17 Аскос 93 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 17 Askos

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Askos Kp.K 3- K 4. Visina: 46,2 sm Askos so visok vrat, malku razgrlena usta so kru`na forma. Inv. br.74; istraùvawe 1981 III Na ednata strana, stomakot e pro{iren - ekcentri~en i Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje zamaznet. Na gornata strana se nao|a vertikalna lentesta drжalka. Na stranata {to leì na grbot, pri nosewe, se Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley nao|aat dve horizontalni lentesti drжalki, edna pod Section K3–K4 druga, povrzani so plasti~ni rebra. Me|u niv leì jaèto Height: 46,2cm za nosewe. Od korenite na drжalkite po~nuvaat plasti~ni Inv. No. 74, excavation 1981 lenti, {to zavr{uvaat kako noga od ptica. Dnoto e ramno. Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Faktura: gruba, boja: svetlokafeava. Museum of Macedonia – Skopje

Askos

Askos featuring a tall neck slightly opened round shaped mouth. On one side, the belly is expanded – excentric and polished. On the upper side, there is a vertical ribbon-like handle. The backside when carried features two horizontal ribbon-like handles one below the other, connected with plastic ribs. Between them is the carrying rope. Plastic stripes begin at the root of the handles, finishing as a bird leg. Flat bottom. Rough facture, light brown colour. 94 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 18 Аскос 95 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 18 Askos

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Askos Kp. F2-F3. Visina: 20,5 sm Askos so visok, blago zafrlen, vrat i usta so kru`na forma. Inv. br.174; istraùvawe 1983 III Stomakot, na ednata strana, e pro{iren - ekcentri~en i Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje zamaznet. Na gornata strana se nao|a vertikalna lentesta drжalka. Na stranata za nosewe se nao|aat dve horizontalni Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley lentesti drжalki, edna pod druga, povrzani so plasti~ni Section F2–F3 rebra. Me|u niv leì jaèto. Dnoto e ramno. Faktura: gruba, Height: 20,5cm boja: kafeavo-crvena. Inv. No. 174, excavation 1983 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Askos

Askos with a tall slightly tilted neck, and round shaped mouth. On one side, the belly is expanded – excentric and polished. On the upper side, there is a vertical ribbon-like handle. The carrying side features two horizontal ribbon-like handles one below the other, connected with plastic ribs. Between them lies the rope. Flat bottom. Rough facture, reddish brown colour. 96 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 19 Стомак од амфора 97 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 19 Oval pot

Tumba s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija Stomak od amfora Visina: 16,5; {iro~ina: 35 sm

Inv. br.310; istra`uvawa 1988 I Jajceviden stomak bez vrat, ramno ramo, spleskan Velu{ina - Porodin stomak so ~etiri zadebeluvawa. Dekorirana e so beli Zavod i Muzej - Bitola geometriski polumese~inki, kru`ni ornamenti i

Tumba, village of Velušina – Pelagonija strelki vo kru`nite poliwa. Dnoto e ramno, so tragi od Height: 16,5, Width: 35cm gorewe. Faktura: dobra, boja: sjajno mazneta, crvena.

Inv. No. 310, excavations 1988 Velušina-Porodin I Oval pot Institute and Museum – Bitola

Oval belly without the neck, flat shoulder, flat belly with four thickenings. Decorated with white geometric crescents, circular ornaments and rows in circular fields. Flat bottom, with traces of burning. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 98 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 20 Амфора 99 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 20 Globular vessel

Velu{ka Tumba s. Porodin - Amfora Pelagonija Jama 17 Visina: 20 sm Amfora so visok vrat, malku razgrlen venec, nisko ramo, spleskan stomak, so ~etiri zadebeluvawa. Dekorirana Istra`uvawa 1988 II Velu{ina - Porodin e so ~etiri reda lunuli na ramoto i tri reda okolu Zavod i Muzej - Bitola zadebeluvawata. Dnoto e ramno. Faktura: dobra, boja: sjajno mazneta, crvena. Veluška Tumba, village of Porodin – Pelagonija Pit 17 Globular vessel Height: 20cm

Inv. No. bb, excavations 1988 Tall neck vessel, with a slightly opened wreath, low Velušina-Porodin II shoulder, flat belly with four thickenings. Decorated with Institute and Museum – Bitola four rows of lunulas on the shoulder and three more around the thickenings. Flat bottom. Good facture, shiny and polished surface, red colour. 100 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 21 Амфора 101 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 21 Globular vessel

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Amfora Kv. J 5, ku}a 1, vo blizina na pe~ka 1 Visina: 15 sm Mala amfora so visok konusoviden vrat i blago spleskan Inv. br. 77; iskopuvawe 1981 III stomak, so ~etiri vertikalni tunelesti drжalki. Dnoto Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje e ramno. Ukrasena e so temnokafeavi slikani ormanenti, vrz crvenikava osnova. Na vratot se nao|a niza od spirali. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Korenot na vratot e naglasen so tenka linija od koja se Quad. J5, house 1, near furnace 1 spu{taat ~etiri vertikalni lenti, ispolneti so listovi od Height: 15cm maslinka. Okolu drжalkite se naslikani dva koncentri~ni Inv. No. 77, excavation 1981 kruga. Faktura: dobra, boja: crvenikava, so engoba. Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Globular vessel

Small vessel featuring a tall conical neck and slightly flattened belly with four vertical tunnel-like handles, and flat bottom. Decorated with dark brown painted ornaments on red background. A set of spirals is visible on the neck. The root of the neck is emphasized with a thin line dividing into four vertical ribbons filled with olive leaves. Good facture, reddish colour with engoba. 102 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 22 Амфора 103 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 22 Globular vessel

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Amfora Kp. J 5- K 5, ku}a 1, vo blizina na pe~ka 1 Visina: 37 sm Amfora so visok konusoviden vrat i blago spleskan stomak, so tri elipsovidni vdlabnatinki. Dnoto e ramno. Ukrasena Inv. br. 79, iskopuvawe 1981 III Anzabegovo - Vr{nik e so temnokafeavi slikani ornamenti, vrz oker osnova. Na Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje vratot, pod ustata, naslikana e niza od rombovi. Korenot na vratot e naglasen so ista niza, no vo centarot na rombovite Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley se staveni to~ki. Od korenot na vratot, po ramoto i Section J5–K5, house 1, near furnace 1 Height: 37cm stomakot, se spu{taat ~etiri vertikalni lenti, ispolneti so listovi od maslinka. Od niv, dve se oboeni, a dve se Inv. No. 79, excavation 1981 so mre`a. Okolu drжalkite se naslikani po tri srpesti Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje linii, {to odat od polovinata na ramoto do polovinata na stomakot. Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlooker, so engoba.

Globular vessel

Small vessel featuring a tall conical neck and slightly flattened belly with three oval impressions and flat bottom. Decorated with dark brown painted ornaments on ochre background. On the neck, below the mouth is a set of rhombuses. The root of the neck is emphasized with an identical set, but with dots in the centre of the rhombuses. Four vertical ribbons filled with olive leaves begin at the root of the neck, down the shoulder, to the belly. Two of them are coloured, whereas the other two are webbed. Around the handles, there are three crescent-shaped lines going from the middle of the shoulder to the middle of the belly. Good facture, light ochre colour, with engoba. 104 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 23 Амфора 105 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 23 Globular vessel

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Amfora Kp. G 2- H 2 , ku}a 3 Visina: 23,5 sm Stomak na amfora, nedostiga vratot. Stomakot e blago Inv. br. 185; iskopuvawe 1983 III spleskan, so tri elipsovidni vdlabnatinki. Dnoto e ramno, Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje malku naglaseno. Ukrasena e so temnokafeavi slikani ormanenti, vrz crvena osnova. Od korenot na vratot, po Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley ramoto i stomakot, se spu{taat ~etiri vertikalni lenti, Section G2-X2, house 3 ispolneti so floralen ornament-listovi od maslinka. Height: 23,5cm Od niv, dve se oboeni, a dve se ispolneti so mre`a. Okolu Inv. No. 185, excavation 1983 drжalkite se naslikani po dve srpesti linii, koi{to Anzabegovo-Vršnik III po~nuvaat nad ramoto i odat do polovina na stomakot. Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlocrvena so engoba.

Globular vessel

Vessel belly, neck missing. The belly is relatively flattened, with three oval impressions, flat bottom, slightly emphasized. Decorated with dark brown painted ornaments on red background. From the root of the neck down the shoulder and towards the belly are four vertical stripes filled with floral ornaments – olive leaves. Two of them are coloured, and two are webbed. Around the handles, there are two crescent shaped lines beginning above the shoulder and up to the middle of the belly. Good facture, bright red colour with engoba. 106 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 24 Фрагмент од сад 107 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 24 Vessel fragment

Tumba Dolno Pal~i{te, Polog Fragment od sad Sonda 2 Visina: 6,5 sm Fragment od sad - amfora, so ramen obod i konusovidna Inv.br.368; istra`uvawa 1988 IV forma. Ukrasen e so vre`ani kosi i vertikalni linii, Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje {to formiraat poliwa so zamazneta povr{ina. Me|u niv se nao|aat tapi ubodi, ispolneti so crvena inkrustacija. Tumba Dolno Palčište, Polog Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: siva. Trial trench 2 Height: 6,5cm Vessel fragment Inv. No. 368, excavation 1988 Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Fragment from a globular vessel, with flat brim and conical shape. Decorated with incised diagonal and vertical lines creating smooth polished fields. Among them are blunt pricks filled with red incrustations. Medium facture, grey colour. 108 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 25 Пехар - фрагмент 109 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 25 Cup – fragmented

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar - fragment Kv – 2. Visina: 9,6 sm Fragment od stomak i obod na pehar so ramen obod, sosema Inv.br.190; istra`uvawe 1978 II blago zatvoren. Stomakot e top~est. Povr{inata e so crvena Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje engoba. Naslikan e so temnokafeava boja. Ornamentite se floralni, lotosov cvet so lisja pod obodot. Ramoto, od Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley stomakot na peharot, go deli edna horizontalna linija. Na Kv 2 nego, isto taka, se nao|aat cvetovi. Faktura: dobra, boja: Height: 9,6cm crvena. Inv. No. 190, excavation 1978 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Cup – fragmented

Fragment of a belly and brim of a cup featuring a flat brim, just slightly closed, globular belly. The surface features a red engoba. It is painted with dark brown colour. The ornaments are floral, lotus flower with leaves underneath the brim and a horizontal line separating the shoulder from the belly. It also contains flowers. Good facture, red colour. 110 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 26 Пехар 111 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 26 Cup

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar Kv H 3. Visina: 11,7 sm Yvon~est pehar so ramen obod, sosema blago razgrlen. Inv.br.150; istra`uvawe 1981 III Povr{inata e so crvenooker engoba. Ostatoci od Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje ukrasuvaweto, so "vise~ki triagolnici", naslikani se pod obodot. Od niv poa|aat tenki linii, grupirani vo lenti, Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley slikani so kafeava boja. Pregoren e vo silen ogan. Faktura: Quad. H3 dobra, boja: crvenosiva. Height: 11,7cm

Inv. No. 150, excavation 1981 Cup Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Bell-shaped cup with flat rim slightly opened. The surface features a red - ochre engoba. Remains of “hanging triangles” decoration painted under the brim. Thin lines grouped into ribbons derive from them, painted in brown colour. Burned under high temperature. Good facture, reddish grey colour. Good facture, reddish brown colour. 112 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 27 Пехар 113 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 27 Cup

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar Kp K 4- K 5, ku}a 1 juèn del Visina: 18,5 sm, dijametar 19-21 sm Yvon~est pehar so ramen obod, sosema blago razgrlen. Inv.br.90; istraùvawe 1981 III Postaven na mala prstenesta noga, malku prazna. Stomakot Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje e ukrasen so slikana spirala, koje e sedum pati povtorena. Praznite delovi pod ustata i me|u spiralata, se ispolneti Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley so mreèsti ornamenti. Kon nogata se spu{taat mali Section K4–K5, house 1, southern part lastari. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: svetlokafeava. Height: 18,5cm, Diameter: 19–21cm

Inv. No. 90, excavation 1981 Cup Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Bell-shaped cup with a flat brim, only slightly opened. Set upon a tall ring-like leg, hollow inside. The belly is decorated with a painted spiral repeated seven times. The empty parts below the mouth and inside the spiral are filled with web ornaments. There are small sprouts towards the leg. Medium facture, light brown colour. 114 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 28 Пехар 115 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 28 Cup

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar Kv N 7-Kp.G 5-G 6, ku}a 5 Visina: 17,5 sm Pehar so polutop~esta forma i so blago razgrlen obod. Inv.br.432; istra`uvawe1987 III Povr{inata e prema~kana so engoba so visok sjaj, ukrasen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje so vertikalni snopovi crveni linii, od ustata do nogata. Dnoto e na mala prstenesta noga. Faktura: dobra. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Quad. N7 – Section G5–G6, house 5 Height: 17,5cm Cup

Inv. No. 432, excavation 1987 Semi-globular cup with a relatively open rim. The surface is Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje covered with shiny engoba, decorated with vertical rays of red lines from the mouth to the leg. The bottom is placed on a small ring-like leg. Good facture. 116 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 29 Пехар - фрагмент 117 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 29 Cup – fragmented

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar - fragment KP G 8- G 9- G7-G 8 Visina: 15 sm Fragment od stomak i obod na yvon~est pehar, so ramen obod Inv.br.445; istra`uvawe 1985 i 1989 III i malku naglasen vrat. Povr{inata e so oker engoba. Ukrasen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje e so temnokafeavi {rafirani vise~ki triagolnici, {to poa|aat od ustata do ramoto. Od niv poa|aat vertikalno Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley ispolneti dolgi linii, site so ista debelina. Pome|u dva Section G 8–G 9–G7–G 8 triagolnika se nao|a eden segment od tri linii. Faktura: Height: 15cm dobra, boja: svetlocrvena. Inv. No. 445, excavations 1985 and 1989 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Cup – fragmented

Fragment of a belly and brim of a bell-shaped cup with a flat brim and a slightly emphasized neck. The surface features an ochre engoba. It is decorated with dark brown striped hanging triangles starting from the mouth towards the shoulder. Out of them derive vertical long lines, all of the same thickness. A segment of three lines is found between two triangles. Good facture, bright red colour. 118 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 30 Пехар - фрагмент 119 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 30 Cup – fragmented

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar – fragment Kp E 5 - F 5 Visina: 15 sm Fragment od stomak i obod na yvon~est pehar so ramen Inv.br.304; istra`uvawe 1986 III zaoblen obod. Povr{inata e so crveno-oker sjajna engoba. Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje Ukrasen e so temnokafeavi {rafirani triagolnici, {to poa|aat od ustata do ramoto. Od dvata vise~ki triagolnika, Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley poa|aat vertikalni linii, kombinirani so potenki i Section E5–F5 lenti {to poa|aat od eden triagolnik. Vnatre{nite linii Height: 15cm se tenki. Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlocrvena. Inv. No. 340, excavation 1986 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Cup – fragmented

Fragment of a belly and brim of a bell-shaped cup with flat rounded brim. The surface features a red and ochre shiny engoba. Decorated with dark brown striped triangles stretching from the mouth to the shoulder. Vertical lines derive from them, combined with thinner ones. This is a combination of two hanging triangles whereby one stripe derives from one triangle and is followed by a second stripe deriving from the other. Inner lines are thin. Good facture, bright red colour. 120 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 31 Пехар 121 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 31 Cup – fragmented

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar Kp F 7-8, ku}a 6 Visina: 16 sm Fragmentiran pehar so ramen obod, blago razgrlen, na mala Inv.br.314; istra`uvawe 1989 III prstenesta noga. Ukrasen e so izdol`eni triagolnici, Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje ispolneti so {rafirani linii so crvenokafeava boja. Kombinacijata na dekoracijata e eden triagolnik od Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley venecot nadolu, a do nego se nao|a obratno postaven Section F7–8, house 6 triagolnik. Faktura: dobra. Height: 16cm

Inv. No. 314, excavation 1989 Cup – fragmented Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Fragmented cup with flat brim, slightly opened, placed on a small ring-like leg. Decorated with elongated triangles filled with stripes of reddish brown colour. The combination of this decoration features one triangle from the wreath downward, and vice-versa. Good facture. 122 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 32 Пехар 123 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 32 Bowl on a foot

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Pehar Kv 2- K 5 Visina: 14 sm, dijametar 25,6 sm Yvon~est pehar so ramen obod, sosema blago razgrlen. Inv.br.192; istra`uvawe 1978 III Postaven e na visoka prstenesta noga, odvnatre malku Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje prazna. Prema~kan e so sjaen crven premaz. Stomakot, odnadvor e ukrasen so golema spirala, na osnovata naslikana Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley so boja vo negativ i sedumpati povtorena. Na vnatre{nata Quad. 2–K5 strana se nao|aat branovidni linii (ili stilizirani Height: 14cm, Diameter: 25,6cm floralni ornamenti). Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlocrvena. Inv. No. 192, excavation 1978 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Bowl on a foot

Bell-shaped bowl with a flat brim, only slightly opened. Set upon a tall ring-like foot, hollow on the inside. Covered with a shiny red varnish. The belly is decorated with a large painted spiral on the outside, in a colour identical to that of the background, repeated seven times in the negative aspect. The inner side contains wavelike lines (or stylized floral ornaments). Good facture, bright red colour. 124 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 33 Пехар 125 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 33 Bowl on a foot

Tumba Sten~e, Polog Pehar Visina: 12 sm

Inv.br.509; istra`uvawe 2000 IV Pehar so prava usta, malku izvien rab i kus vrat. Teloto e Anzabegovo - Vr{nik bikonusno, ukraseno so plitki vertikalni kaneluri. Dnoto Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje e na mala konusna noga, malku prazna. Faktura: dobra.

Tumba Stenče, Polog Height: 12cm Bowl on a foot

Inv. No. 509, excavation 2000 Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV Cup with straight mouth, slightly curved edge and short Museum of Macedonia – Skopje neck. Biconal belly decorated with shallow vertical cannelures. The bottom is placed on a small, relatively hollow cone like foot. Good facture. 126 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 34 Пехар 127 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 34 Bowl on a foot

Tumba Sten~e, Polog Pehar Visina: 10,5 sm

Inv. br. 565; istra`uvawe 2000 IV Pehar so konusen recipient, malku naglasen vrat. Stomakot Anzabegovo - Vr{nik e ukrasen so kosi kaneluri, a nogata e konusna i prazna. Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje Dnoto e na mala konusna noga, malku prazna. Faktura: dobra,

Tumba Stenče, Polog so ostatoci od crven premaz. Height: 10,5cm

Inv. No. 565, excavation 2000 Bowl on a foot Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Conical recipient cup rather emphasized neck. Belly decorated with diagonal cannelures, hollow conical foot. Good facture, with remains of red varnish. 128 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 35 Пехар 129 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 35 Four . legged vessel

Vr{nik, Tarinci, Sredna Bregalnica Pehar Visina: 14 sm

Inv.br.1080: istra`uvawe 1960 IV Pehar so blaga bikonusna forma, ramen obod, malku naglasen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik i izvle~en. Dnoto e blago ispaknato, so ~etiri visoki Naroden muzej - [tip noze. Povr{inata e sjajno mazneta i ukrasena so kosi plitki

Vršnik, Tarinci, Middle Bregalnica region kaneluri. Faktura: dobra, boja: temnokafeava. Height: 14cm

Inv. No. 1080, excavation 1960 Four - legged vessel Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV National museum – Štip Bowl with a soft biconical shape, flat, relatively emphasized and extracted. Relatively prominent, tall four-legged bottom. Polished surface decorated with shallow diagonal cannelures. Good facture, dark brown colour. Каталог на предмети Антропоморфна пластика 131 Catalogue of objects Anthropomorphic sculpture

Antropomorfna plastika Anthropomorphic sculpture

Бр. / No. 36 Бр. / No. 37 Бр. / No. 38 Бр. / No. 39 Бр. / No. 40 Бр. / No. 41 Бр. / No. 42 Бр. / No. 43 Бр. / No. 44 Бр. / No. 45 Бр. / No. 46 Бр. / No. 47 Бр. / No. 48 Бр. / No. 49 Бр. / No. 50 Бр. / No. 51 Бр. / No. 52 Бр. / No. 53 Бр. / No. 54 Бр. / No. 55 Бр. / No. 56 Бр. / No. 57 Бр. / No. 58 Бр. / No. 59 Бр. / No. 60 132 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 134 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 36 Статуетка 135 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 36 Figurine

Tumba âir, Skopska kotlina Statuetka Slu~aen naod Visina: 12 sm Stolbovidna falusoidna statuetka, so malku pro{irena Inv.br. 502; slu~aen naod 1999 II stopa. Nosot e plasti~no izvle~en, a ve|ite i o~ite koso Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje vreàni. Kosata e ubavo is~e{lana, vo frizura na patec od vreàni linii. Na temeto se nao|a mala dlapka. Faktura: Tumba Čair, Skopje valley relativno dobra, boja: crvena. Height: 12cm

Inv. No. 502, randomly discovered in 1999 Figurine Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Pillar-like phallic figurine, with a relatively expanded foot. The nose is plastically shaped, eyebrows and eyes incised diagonally. The hair is well combed with a parting of incised lines. Small slip on top of the head. Medium facture, red colour. 136 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 37 Статуетка 137 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 37 Figurine

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Statuetka Visina: 11 sm

Inv.br. 294; istra`uvawe 1978 II Falusoidna statuetka, stolbovidno modelirana, so malku Anzabegovo - Vr{nik pro{irena stopa. [irok, plasti~no izvle~en nos, o~ite Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje vre`ani ramno, a ve|ite sostaveni. Kosata e nazna~ena

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley so vre`ani linii, {to se spu{taat do vratot. Racete se Height: 11cm plasti~no nazna~eni, a gradite slabo vidlivi. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: crvena. Inv. No. 294, excavations 1978 Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Figurine

Phallic figurine with pillar-like shape and slightly expanded foot. Wide, plastically modelled nose, straight incised eyes, and connected eyebrows. The hair is outlined with incised lines going all the way to the neck. The hands are plastically, unstressed breasts. 138 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 38 Глава од статуетка 139 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 38 Figurine head

Tumba Sten~e, Polog Glava od statuetka Ku}a 1 Visina: 6 sm Antropomorfna glava so izdolèno lice, visoko ~elo, Inv.br.558; istraùvawe 2000 II vreàni o~i, potkr{en nos, usta kako dlapka i ostra brada. Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje Ednoto uvo e potkr{eno. Kosata e nazna~ena so vreàni polukru`ni linii. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: Tumba Stenče, Polog svetlokafeava, so tragi od gorewe. House 1 Height: 6cm Figurine head Inv. No. 558, excavation 2000 Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Anthropomorphic head with an elongated face, high forehead, incised eyes, broken nose, hollowed mouth, and sharp chin. One of the ears is broken. The hair is outlined with incised semi- circular lines. Medium facture, light brown colour with visible traces of burning. 140 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 39 Женска статуетка, мермер 141 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 39 Female figurine, marble

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina @enska statuetka, mermer Visina: 6,8 sm

Inv.br. 317. Grupa Anzabegovo - II Stilizirana `enska statuetka, izvajana od eden kamen, Vr{nik so naglasena steatopigija. Glavata e otkr{ena, a torzoto e Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje triagolno, so mali gradi. Racete se spu{teni na stomakot, a

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley pubi~niot del e slabo naglasen. Polovinata e tenka, nozete House 6 kusi i debeli, a gluteite naglaseni. Izrabotena e od bel, Height: 6,8cm sitnozrnest mermer, so tragi od gorewe. Otkriena e vo ku}a 6

Inv. No. 317, discovered in in 1989 vo 1989 god. Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Female figurine, marble

Stylized female figurine sculpted out of a single rock with emphasized steatopygia. The head is broken, while the torso is triangular with small breasts. The hands are placed on the belly, and the pubic area is relatively unemphasized. The waist is thin, the legs are short and stumpy, whereas the gluteuses are emphasized. White fine marble with traces of burning. 142 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 40 Антропоморфна статуетка, теракота 143 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 40 Anthropomorphic figurine, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfna statuetka, terakota Visina: 9,5 sm

Inv. br. 634, Iskopuvawe 2003 III Antropomorfna statuetka so spleskana forma. Glavata i Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik liceto se izdol`eni, so plitko vre`ani o~i. Nosot e mal, Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje ve|ite tenki, polukru`ni i plasti~no pretstaveni. Kosata

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley e plasti~na, so afrofrizura. Temeto e produp~eno so tragi Height: 9,5cm od gorewe. Faktura: dobra, boja: oker.

Inv. No. 634, excavation 2003 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Anthropomorphic figurine, terracotta Museum of Macedonia – Skopje

Flat anthropomorphic figurine. Head and face are elongated with shallow incised eyes. The nose is small, whereas the eyebrows are semi-circular and plastically represented. The hair is plastically presented in Afro hairstyle. The top of the head is pierced, with visible traces of burning. Good facture, ochre colour. 144 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 41 Антропоморфна глава, теракота 145 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 41 Antropomorphic head, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfna glava, terakota Visina: 29 sm

Inv.br. 493, Grupa Anzabegovo - II Glava e izrabotena od nepre~istena zemja, mnogu ednostavno Vr{nik modelirana okolu golem kolec. Liceto e spleskano, o~ite- Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje plitko vre`ani, ve|ite-slabo nazna~eni, nosot-mal.

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Liceto e prema~kano so nekolku premazi glina i spoeno so Height: 29cm masivniot vrat. Kosata e spletena vo prcliwa, sobrani vo kok na levata strana. Glavata e otkr{ena, najverojatno od Inv. No. 493, randomly discovered in 1984 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III. monumentalna statua-totem. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: Museum of Macedonia – Skopje bledo oker. Slu~aen naod vo 1984 god.

Antropomorphic head, terracotta

Head made of unrefined earth, very simply modelled around a big pile. The face is flat, the eyes are flippingly incised, the eyebrows are not emphasized, and the nose is quite small. The face is covered with several layers of clay, and connected with the massive neck. The hair is styled in braids, gathered in a bun on the left side. The head is separated probably from a monumental totem statue. Medium facture, bright ochre colour. 146 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 42 Женска статуетка, теракота 147 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 42 Female figurine, terracotta

Anzabegovo, Ov~e Pole @enska statuetka, terakota Visina: 10 sm

Inv. br. Bb, slu~aen naod IV Stolbesta `enska statuetka vo stoe~ka polo`ba, so spleskana Grupa Anzabegovo-Vr{nik elipsovidna forma. Liceto e prosopomorfno, so vre`ani Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje o~i, plasti~en nos i blago naglaseni ve|i. Racete se

Anzabegovo, Ovče Pole sobrani i potencirani so po dve vre`ani linii. Na temeto, Height: 10cm kosata e so cik-cak vre`ani linii. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: svetlooker. Inv. No. bb, random finding Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Female figurine, terracotta

Pillar-like female figurine in standing position, with flat oval shape. Prosopomorphic face, with incised eyes, plastic nose and slightly emphasized eyebrows. The hands are clutched and accentuated with two incised lines. On the top of the head, the hair is presented with zigzag-incised lines. Medium facture, light ochre colour. 148 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 43 Женска статуетка 149 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 43 Female figurine

Ustie na Drim, Ohridski basen @enska statuetka Visina: 7,5 sm

Inv. br.276; istra`uvawe 1962 IV @ena sednata vo joga-polo`ba. Top~esta, mazna glava, visok Velu{ina Porodin – vrat i ispraveno telo. Liceto e so blago naglaseni o~i, nos Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje i usta. Racete gi obele`uva linija na stomakot. Zadnikot

Estuary of the river Drim, Ohrid basin e mazen i spoen so svienite noze, za da sedi. Na grbot se Height: 7,5cm vre`ani rombovi, eden vo drug. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: temnosiva. Inv. No. 276, research 1962 Velušina-Porodin IV Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Female figurine

Woman seated in yoga position. Round smooth head, tall neck, and straight body. The face features relatively emphasized eyes, nose and mouth. The hands are marked by a line on the belly. The backside is smooth and connected to the clutched legs in sitting position. The back features incised rhombuses one inside the other. Medium facture, dark grey colour. 150 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 44 Глава 151 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 44 Stone head

Tumba Maxari Glava Jama vo kocka i 2/3 - j 2/3 Visina: 4,5 sm Stilizirana glava so elipsovidna forma, golem nos i Inv.br. 295; istra`uvawe 1984 III – IV mal vrat. Dolnata vilica e ubavo zaoblena. Izvajana e Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje vo belutrak.

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Stone head Pit in quad. 2/3–j2/3 Height: 4,5cm Stylized head in oval shape, large nose and small neck. Inv. No. 295, excavation 1984 The mandible is nicely rounded. Sculpted in white stone. Anzabegovo-Vršnik III–IV Museum of Macedonia – Skopje 152 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 45 Статуетка, теракота 153 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 45 Figurine, teracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Statuetka, terakota Vиsina: 2,7 sm

Inv.br. 528 IV Minijaturna `enska statuetka so stolbesto telo, Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik prosopomorfno lice, so naglasen nos i koso vre`ani Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje o~i. Kosata e sobrana vo spleskana punxa na vratot, malku

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley zadebelena, boja: bledooker. Istra`uvawa 2003 god. Height: 2,7cm

Inv. No. 528, excavations 2003 Figurine, teracotta Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Miniature female figurine with a pillar-like body, prosopomorphic face with an emphasized nose and diagonally incised eyes. The hair features a flat bun, slightly thickened at the neck. Light ochre colour. 154 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 46 Антропоморфен цилиндер, теракота 155 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 46 Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Tumba Sred selo, s. Mogila, Antropomorfen cilinder, terakota Pelagonija Visina: 13,3 sm Prazen cilinder, del od `rtvenik na Golemata majka. Inv.br.339 II Nosot e plasti~no naglasen, golem, i izleguva od linijata Velu{ina - Porodin Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje na ve|ite. O~ite se bademesti, so spu{ten pogled i naglaseni gorni kapaci. Ustata e sobrana i nazna~ena so Tumba Sred selo, village of Mogila, edno zadebeluvawe, kako da asocira srame`liv prv bakne`. Pelagonija Vratot zavr{uva so plasti~en |erdan vo forma na bukvata Height: 13,3cm "M". Faktura: dobra, boja: crvena. Inv. No. 339 Velušina-Porodin II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Empty cylinder, part of the Great Mother Goddess altar. The nose is plastically emphasized, large and derives from the eyebrow line. Almond-shaped eyes with a downcast look and emphasized upper eyelid. The mouth is shrunk and defined with a thickening, reminiscent of a shy first kiss. The neckline finishes with a plastic necklace in the form of the letter "M". Good facture, red colour. 156 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 47 Антропоморфен цилиндер, теракота 157 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 47 Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Tumba, s. Dolno Pal~i{te, Polog Antropomorfen cilinder, terakota Visina: 6,5 sm, [irina: 7,5 sm

Inv.br.255 III Del od lice, so plasti~no prika`ani i {iroko otvoreni Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik bademesti o~i. Zenicite se otvoreni so pogled "nadaleku". Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje Ve|ite, so ubav lak, poa|aat od nosot, nazna~uvaj}i ja

Tumba, village of Dolno Palčište, Polog o~nata dupka. Nosot e mal. Glavata zavr{uva so dve koso Height: 6,5cm, Width: 7,5cm vreàni linii, koi najverojatno se del od |erdan. Kosata e plasti~no prikaàna, so vreàni, plitki cik-cak linii. Inv. No. 255, discovered in 1987 Group Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Faktura: dobra, boja: crvenikava. Ima tragi od gorewe. Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Otkrien e vo 1987 god.

Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Fragment of a face, with plastically presented and wide-open almond-like eyes. Irises are open and have a “distant” look. Eyebrows have a nice bow, starting from the nose, and thus emphasizing the eyehole. The nose is small. The head is defined with two diagonal lines, probably part of a necklace. The hear is realistically presented, with shallow incised zigzag lines. Good facture, reddish colour. Visible traces of burning. 158 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 48 Антропоморфен цилиндер, теракота 159 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 48 Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Tumba ^air, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfen cilinder, terakota Visina: 15,5 sm

Inv. Br. 501 III Antropomorfen cilinder, del od `rtvenik na Golemata Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik majka, so blaga ~etvrtesta forma. Izvajan e okolu drvo, od koe Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje se ostanati tragi vo pozitiv. Liceto e so vre`ani zatvoreni

Tumba Čair, Skopje valley o~i, mal nos, od koj zapo~nuvaat ubavi polukru`ni Height: 15,5cm ve|i. Ustata e mala, plitko vre`ana. Kosata e plasti~no modelirana vo afrofrizura, a temeto e produp~eno. Inv. No. 501, discovered randomly in 1999 Group Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlocrveno-oker. Otkrien e slu~ajno Museum of Macedonia – Skopje vo 1999 god.

Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Anthropomorphic cylinder, part of the Great Mother Goddess altar, with soft rectangular shape. Shaped around wood, whose remains are visible in the positive aspect. The face features incised closed eyes, small nose, from which nice semi-circular eyebrows derive. The mouth is small and shallow. The hair is well defined in Afro hairstyle, whereas the top of the head is pierced. Good facture, bright red and ochre colour. 160 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 49 Антропоморфен цилиндер, теракота 161 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 49 Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfen cilinder, terakota Visina: 18 sm

Inv.591 III Antropomorfen cilinder, del od `rtvenik na Golemata Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik majka, so blaga ~etvrtesta forma. Izvajan e okolu drvo. Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje Liceto e so plitko vre`ani zatvoreni o~i, spu{teni

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley na krajot od nosot. Toj e mal i od nego zapo~nuvaat ubavi Height: 18cm polukru`ni ve|i. Kosata e plasti~no modelirana vo dvojni pletenki, fateni so vertikalna {nola. Temeto e Inv. No. 591, discovered in 1985 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III produp~eno, so tragi od gorewe. Faktura: relativno dobra, Museum of Macedonia – Skopje boja: svetlooker. Otkrien e vo 1985 god.

Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Anthropomorphic cylinder, part of the Great Mother Goddess altar, with soft rectangular shape. Shaped around wood. The face features shallow incised eyes, lowered by the end of the nose. The nose is small - nice semicircular eyebrows derive from it. The hair is well shaped in two braids, gathered with a vertical hairpin. The top of the head is pearced, with visible traces of burning. Medium facture, light ochre colour. 162 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 50 Антропоморфен цилиндер, теракота 163 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 50 Anthropomorphic block, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfen cilinder, terakota Visina: 14 sm

Inv. br. 66 III Del od `rtvenik na Golemata majka, so blaga ~etvrtesta Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik forma. Izvajan e okolu drvo. Liceto e so plasti~no Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje prika`ani bademesti o~i, a ve|ite, so ubav lak, poa|aat

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley od maliot nos, nazna~uvaj}i ja o~nata dupka. Ustata e Height: 14cm nazna~ena so malo plasti~no kruk~e. Pod nego se nao|aat mali plasti~ni gradi. Racete se otkr{eni. Kosata e Inv. No. 66, discovered in 1981 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III obrabotena vo afrofrizura. Na temeto ima dupka. Boja: Museum of Macedonia – Skopje crvenikava. Otkrien e vo 1981 god.

Anthropomorphic block, terracotta

Part of the Great Mother Goddess altar, with rectangular shape. Shaped around wood. The face features plastically presented almond-like eyes, eyebrows beginning from the small nose defining the eyehole with a nice bow. The mouth is defined with a small plastic circle. Underneath are small plastic breasts. Hands broken. Hair styled in Afro manner. The top of the head is pierced. Reddish colour. 164 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 51 Антропоморфен цилиндер, теракота 165 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 51 Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfen cilinder, terakota Visina: 10,5 sm

Inv.br.339, otkrien e vo 1982 god III Prazen cilinder, del od `rtvenik na Golemata majka. Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Liceto e so golem nos, vo koj zavr{uvaat polukru`ni ve|i. Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje O~ite se bademesti i {iroko otvoreni. Na temeto ima

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley dup~e. Kosata e spletena vo prcliwa, triagolno sobrani. Height: 10,5cm Boja: bledocrvena.

Inv. No. 339, discovered in 1982 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Anthropomorphic cylinder, terracotta Museum of Macedonia – Skopje

Hollow cylinder, part of the Great Mother Goddess altar. The face features a large nose where two semicircular eyebrows end. Eyes are almond-like and wide open. The top of the head is pierced. The hair is styled in braids with triangular shape. Pale red colour. 166 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 52 Антропоморфна глава, теракота 167 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 52 Antropomorphic head, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Antropomorfna glava, terakota Visina: 9 sm

Inv.br. 418, slu~aen naod vo 1988 god III Glava od `rtvenik od tipot na Golemata majka, otkr{ena Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik vo korenot na vratot. Liceto e stilizirano, so blaga Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje triaglesta forma. O~ite se poluotvoreni, vre`ani so

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley plasti~no naglaseni kraevi na kapacite. Ve|ite, vo blag Height: 9cm lak, po~nuvaat od maliot nos. Pod nego, ustata e sobrana vo gr~. Kosata e so dlaboki vre`ani linii, a na temeto Inv. No. 418, randomly discovered in 1988 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III ima dupka, so tragi od gorewe. Faktura: dobra, boja: Museum of Macedonia – Skopje svetlocrvena.

Antropomorphic head, terracotta

Head, part of the Great Mother type, separated from the root of the neck. The face is stylized, with soft triangular shape. Eyes are half-open, incised with plastically emphasized eyelids. The eyebrows begin from the small nose. Under it is the mouth, shrunk as in fright. The hair consists of deeply incised lines, whereas the top of the head is pierced with traces of burning. Good facture, bright red colour. 168 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 53 Цилиндар од жртвеник Големата мајка 169 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 53 Cylinder from the Great Mother altar,terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Cilindar od `rtvenik Golemata majka, terakota Visina: 14 sm

Istra`uvawe 2005 god.; inv. br. 662 III Cilindar od `rtvenik, od tipot na Golemata majka. Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Glavata i teloto se stolbesto modelirani vrz kolec, od koj Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje ima ostatoci vo pozitiv. Liceto e ramno, ve|ite-ramni,

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley zapo~nuvaat od nosot, a kon krajot zavr{uvat so blag lak. Height: 14cm O~ite se poluotvoreni, plasti~no izvedeni. Vo visina na o~ite se izvedeni mali naglaseni u{i. Kosata e plasti~no Inv. No. 662, excavation 2005 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III prikaàna vo ubava frizura. Na temeto ima otvor. Vo nivo Museum of Macedonia – Skopje na gradite, racete se svitkani i potpreni so dlankite na stomakot. So~uvana e ednata dlanka so ra{ireni prsti. Gradite se prikaàni so mali plasti~ni zadebeluvawa. Prikaàn e spokoen izraz na majkata - ~uvar na mirot nad doma{noto ogni{te. Boja: svetlokafeava.

Cylinder from the Great Mother altar,terracotta

Sacrificial cylinder of the Great Mother type. The head and body are pillar-like, shaped around a pile whose remains are visible in the positive aspect. The face is flat, with straight eyebrows beginning from the nose and arching towards the end. Small prominent ears are placed at the same level as the eyebrows. The hair is well shaped and features a nice hairstyle. The top of the head is pierced. The arms are bent and the palms are placed against the belly. One of the palms with stretched out fingers is preserved. The breasts are expressed through small plastic thickenings. The facial expression of the Mother – protector of the family fireplace is calm. Light brown colour. 170 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 54 Големата мајка, теракота 171 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 54 The Great Mother, terracotta

Tumba Сredselo, Mr{evci, Skopska Golemata majka, terakota kotlina Visina: 15,7 sm @rtvenik od tipot na Golemata majka. Taa e prika`ana Otkriena e vo 1987 god, Inv. br. 318. II dopojasno, vrz ~etiriagolna ku}a. Glavata i teloto se Grupa Anzabegovo-Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje stolbesto modelirani vrz kolec, od koj se ostatoci vo pozitiv. Nedostiga glavata. Vo nivo na gradite, racete se Tumba Sredselo, Mrševci, Skopje valley svitkani i potpreni so dlankite vrz ku}ata so ra{ireni Height: 15,7cm prsti. Na desnata nadlaktica ima belezica. Ku}ata

Inv. No. 318, discovered in 1987 e so ~etvrtesta, zaoblena forma. Faktura: gruba, boja: Anzabegovo-Vršnik I svetlokafeava. Museum of Macedonia – Skopje

The Great Mother, terracotta

Altar from the Great Mother type. It is presented up to its waist on a rectangular house. The head and body are pillar-like, shaped over a pill whose remains are visible in the positive aspect. The head is missing. At the level of chest, the hands are curved and rely on the house with the fingers spread out. The right humerus features a bracelet. The house has a soft rectangular shape. Rough facture, light brown colour. 172 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 55 Големата мајка, теракота 173 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 55 The Great Mother, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska Кotlina Golemata majka, terakota Viсina: 31,5 cm

Inv. br. 592. otkriena e vo 198? god @rtvenik od tipot na Golemata majka. Taa e prika`ana Sreden neolit. Grupa Anzabegovo - II dopojasno, vrz ~etiriagolna ku}a. Liceto e ramno, Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje o~ite zatvoreni i kosi, plitko vre`ani. Ve|ite se slabo istaknati. Nosot e ostar. Kosata e sobrana vo ubava Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley afrofrizura. Na temeto ima dup~e so tragi od gorewe. Height: 31,5cm Ku}ata e ~etvrtesta, so po ~etiri elipsovidni otvori na

Inv. No. 592 frontalnata i zadnata strana. Na ednata, bo~na, ima golem Anzabegovo-Vršnik II otvor vo forma na M. Na ~etvrtata ima dva kosi otvora. Na Museum of Macedonia – Skopje ~etirite agli na pokrivot ima dup~iwa za zaka~uvawe. Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlokafeava.

The Great Mother, terracotta

Altar from the Great Mother type. Presented up to its waist placed upon a rectangular house. The face is flat, eyes are diagonal and closed, shallowly incised. The eyebrows are not emphasized. The nose is sharp. The hair is gathered in a nice Afro hairstyle. The top of the head is pearced with traces of burning. The house is rectangular with four oval openings on the front and back side. On one lateral side there is a large opening in the form of the letter M. The fourth side features 2 diagonal openings. The four angles on the roof have holes for hanging. Good facture, light brown colour. 174 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 56 Големата мајка, теракота 175 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 56 The Great Mother, terracotta

\orev Rid, s. Suvodol - Pelagonija Golemata majka, terakota Visina: 16 sm

Inv. br. 1139 II Antropomorfen model na ku}a so forma na kocka. Na oxakot Velu{ina - Porodin e pretstaveno `ensko torzo. Liceto e malo, triagolno i Zavod i Muzej - Bitola {ematizirano. O~ite se vre`ani horizontalni linii,

Gjorev rid, village of Suvodol – Pelagonija a me|u niv se nao|a minijaturen nos. Racete se sumarno Height: 16cm prikaàni i plasti~no nalepeni. Pod niv po~nuvaat gradite, prikaàni so mali plasti~ni zadebeluvawa. Inv. No. 1139 Velušina-Porodin II Vlezot e prikaàn so vreàn triagolnik, koj go Institute and Museum – Bitola simbolizira pubi~niot del. Pokrivot e blago zakosen i so nekolku vertikalni nizi od plasti~ni top~esti nalepki, {to po~nuvaat od eden pojas na krajot na cilinderot. Na podot ima kruèn otvor, a na strani~nite yidovi se nao|aat po dva triagolni prozorci. Na zadniot yid ima eden pravoagolen vlez. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: crvenokafeava, na mesta pregorena.

The Great Mother, terracotta

Anthropomorphic model of a house in cubic form. The chimney represents a female torso. The face is small, triangular and schematized. The eyes are presented through incised horizontal lines, with a miniature nose in between. The hands are plastically shaped and plastered to the side. The breasts begin under the hands, and are marked with small plastic thickenings. The entrance is presented with an encarved triangle that symbolizes the pubic area. The roof is slightly sloped, and has several vertical sets of plastic pellets beginning from the stripe around the cylinder. The floor features a round opening, and the lateral walls have two triangular windows each. The back wall has one rectangular entrance. Medium facture, reddish brown colour, burned at several points. 176 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 57 Големата мајка, теракота 177 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 57 The Great Mother, terracotta

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Golemata Majka, terakota Kv K 4, ku}a 1 Visina: 39 sm @rtvenik od tipot na Golemata majka. Taa e prikaàna Inv. br. 68, otkriena e vo 1981god. vo dopojasno, vrz ~etiriagolna ku}a. Glavata i teloto se ku}a 1 III Grupa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik stolbesto modelirani vrz kolec, od koj ima ostatoci vo Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje pozitiv. Liceto e ramno, ve|ite-polukru`ni i zapo~nuvaat od nosot. O~ite se zatvoreni i plitko vreàni. Gradite Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley se mali, a stomakot e so golem papok. Kosata e plasti~no Quad. K4, house 1 Height: 39cm prikaàna, vo ubava frizura. Na ~eloto se naslikani tri krkmi so kafeava boja. Na temeto ima dup~e. Liceto Inv. No. 68, discovered in 1981 e prema~kako so nekolku premazi od glina. Vo nivo na Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje gradite, racete se svitkani i potpreni so dlankite vrz ku}ata so ra{ireni prsti. Prikaàn e migot koga majkata se ra|a, izleguva od ku}ata i bdee vrz mirot nad doma{noto ogni{te. Na racete se nao|aat po dve masivni belezici. Ku}ata e ~etvrtesta, so po dva elipsovidni otvora na frontalnata i zadnata strana, a na bo~nite ima golemi ~etvrtesti otvori. Na ~etirite agli na pokrivot ima dup~iwa za zaka~uvawe. Boja: svetlokafeava.

The Great Mother, terracotta

Altar from the Great Mother type. It is presented up to its waist over a rectangular house. The head and body are pillar-like, shaped over a pile whose remains are visible in the positive aspect. The face is flat, the eyebrows begin from the nose. The eyes are closed and marked with a shallow incision. The breasts are small, and the belly features a big belly button. The hair is plastically presented with a nice haircut. Three bangs are painted with brown colour on the forehead. The top of the head is pierced. The face is covered with several layers of clay. At the level of the chest, the hands are curved and the palms rely on the house with spread out fingers. This presents the moment of birth of the Great Mother, her emerging from the house and protecting the peace of the household. The hands have two massive bracelets. The house is in rectangular form, with two oval openings on the frontal and backside, and large rectangular lateral openings. The four angles on the roof have holes for hanging. Light brown colour. 178 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 58 Големата мајка, теракота 179 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 58 The Great Mother, terracotta

Cerje - Govrlevo, s. Govrlevo Golema majka, terakota Visina: 35 sm

Inv. br.176 III Antropomorfna figura so glava i telo, cilindri~no Anzabegovo - Vr{nik modelirani na kubusno ovalen postament, so otvori od Muzej na Grad Skopje napred i nazad. Nad o~ite se naglaseni ve|i, a nosot e

Cerje, village of Govrlevo izvle~en. Racete se svitkani vo laktite, a so prstite se Height: 35cm potpiraat na postamentot-ku}ata. Posebno se naglaseni dojkite i bremeniot stomak so papokot. Na zase~enoto teme Inv. No. 176 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III ima dupka, kako i na ~etirite agli na postamentot, koj Museum of the City of Skopje pretstavuva model na ku}a. Nadlakticite i podlakticite se ukraseni so po dva para belezici. Okolu vratot e vrzan lentest |erdan {to visi na gradite i grbot so po edna alka. Preku polovinata e vrzan kolan vo vid na plasti~ni bobinki. Frizurata e nazna~ena so plitki kosi vre`uvawa. Faktura: dobra, povr{ina: sjajno mazneta, boja: sivo-oker.

The Great Mother, terracotta

Anthropomorphic figure with cylindrical body and head modelled around a cubic oval pedestal, with openings in the front and back. The eyebrows over the eyes are emphasized, and the nose is extended. The arms are bent at the elbows, and the fingers are placed against the pedestal - the house. The breasts and pregnant belly with the belly button are particularly emphasized. The incised top of the head is pierced, same as the four angles of the pedestal, represented as a model of a house. The lower and upper arms are decorated with two pairs of bracelets each. Around the neck, there is a ribbon-like necklace hanging over the chest and back, with one link. The waist is strapped with a type of plastic berries the hairstyle consists of shallow diagonal incisions. Good facture, shiny polished surface, grey – ochre colour. 180 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 59 Големата мајка, теракота 181 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 59 The Great Mother, terracotta

Tumba, s. Porodin- Pelagonija Golemata majka, `rtvenik Ku}a 1. Vis: 25,5 sm Antropomorfen model na ku}a so pravoagolna forma i Inv. br. 55; istra`uvawa 1953 pokriv na dve vodi. Na site yidovi se nao|aat otvori Velu{ko - porodinska kulturna IV grupa - (prozorci i vrati) vo forma na bukvata T (obratno Zavod i Muzej - Bitola postaveni). Oxakot e vo forma na {upliv cilinder, so pretstava na glavata na Golemata majka, za{titni~ka Tumba, village of Porodin – Pelagonija na domot. Na pokrivot se nao|aat radijalno postaveni House 1 Height: 25,5cm plasti~ni ja`iwa i kamewata {to ja drжat slamata od pokrivot. Na dnoto ima golem otvor za vrska so Inv. No. 55, excavations 1953 majkata - zemja. Faktura: gruba, povr{ina: mazneta, boja: Velušina-Porodin IV Institute and Museum – Bitola temnokafeava.

The Great Mother, terracotta

Anthropomorphic model of a house with rectangular shape and a two feet roof. All the walls feature openings (windows and doors) in the form of the letter T (set backwards). The chimney is in the form of a hollow cylinder representing the head of the Great Mother, protector of the home. The roof features radially set plastic ropes and stones holding the hay from the roof. The bottom features a large opening serving as a connection to mother Earth. Rough facture, polished surface, dark brown colour. 182 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 60 Антропоморфен сад 183 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 60 Anthropomorphic bowl

Kanli âir, dolina na Lakavica Antropomorfen sad Pod polukru`nata pe~ka. Visina: 11, 5 sm; {iro~ina: 18 sm Triagolno lice na èna so plasti~ni bademesti Inv.br.268; istraùvawe 1988 II zatvoreni o~i i dolg nos. Kosata e svitkana vo dva koka. Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje Na gradite ima aplicirani plasti~ni gradi, stomakot e ramen, a na nego e poloèna leva raka so tri prsti. Kanli Čair, Lakavica river valley Faktura: dobra, boja: crvenokafeava. Under the semi-circular furnace Height: 11,5cm, Width: 18cm Anthropomorphic bowl

Inv. No. 268, excavation 1988 Triangular face of a woman with plastic almond-like closed Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje eyes and long nose. The hair is styled in two buns. Plastic breasts are applied on the chest, whereas the belly is flat - the left hand with three fingers is placed upon it. Good facture, reddish brown colour. Каталог на предмети Зооморфна пластика 185 Catalogue of objects Zoomorphic sculpture

Zoomorfna plastika Zoomorphic sculpture

Бр. / No. 61 Бр. / No. 62 Бр. / No. 63 Бр. / No. 64 Бр. / No. 65 Бр. / No. 66 Бр. / No. 67 Бр. / No. 68 186 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 188 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 61 Букранион 189 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 61 Bucranion

Tumba Maxari ? Bukranion Najdena vo Kur{umli an Visina: 33,5 sm; debelina: 24 sm Ovis Skulptura na glava na ko~ od semejstvoto . Modelirana Inv. br. 492. Mo`ebi od precizno, so fini linii, mucka so nazna~eni nozdri i rekognosciraweto za avtopatot vo 1964 g. usta. Mandibulata e otkr{ena. O~ite se ovalni, plasti~no II Anzabegovo - Vr{nik oblikuvani, so nazna~eni zenici, a nad niv se nao|aat Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje ve|ite. Pod muckata, na vratot, se vdlabnati nepravilni kru`ni ornamenti {to asociraat na |erdan ili resi. Tumba Madjari? Discovered in Kurshumli Han Pod vratot ima osum reda rebresti kaneluri. Na glavata se Height: 33,5cm, Thickness: 24cm nao|aat dupki za vsaduvawe rogovi. Faktura: gruba, boja: terakota. Inv. No. 492, perhaps from the recognition for the freeway in 1964 Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Bucranion Museum of Macedonia – Skopje

Sculpture representing a ram head. Shaped precisely, with fine lines, emphasized nostrils and mouth. The mandible is broken. The eyes are oval, plastically shaped with emphasized irises and eyebrows above them. Under the mouth, in the area of the neck, irregular circular ornaments reminiscent of necklace or fringes are encarved. Under the neck, there are eight rows of rib-like cannelures. The head features holes for introduction of horns. Rough facture, terracotta colour. 190 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 62 Зооморфен жртвеник 191 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 62 Zoomorphic altar

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Zoomorfen `rtvenik Dol`ina: 12,7 sm; visina: 7,2 sm

Inv. br. 178, slu~aen naod od 1982 god II Grubo modelirana pretstava na oven so {irok vrat, krivi Anzabegovo - Vr{nik debeli noze i spu{tena opa{ka. Na vratot nedostiga konusen Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje recipient. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeavo-crvena.

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Zoomorphic altar Height: 7,2cm, Length: 12,7cm

Inv. No. 178, random finding 1982 Roughly shaped representation of a ram with a wide Anzabegovo-Vršnik II neck, stumpy curvy legs, and downcast tail. A conical Museum of Macedonia – Skopje recipient is missing from the neck area. Rough facture, brown-reddish colour. 192 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 63 Кентаур 193 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 63 Centaur?

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Kentaur Visina: 10,3 sm; dol`ina: 13 sm

Inv.br.202 II Pretstava na `ivotno so ~etiri mali noze i kusa Anzabegovo - Vr{nik podignata opa{ka. Glavata e so dva vertikalni {iroki Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje roga, nazabeni strani~no. Lice na ~ovek so vre`ani

Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley o~i i ve|i, dolg klunest nos, od stranite mali u{i, Height: 10,3cm, Length: 13cm obele`eni so {tipnuvawe. Na sredinata na grbot e visok konusen recipient. Faktura: gruba, boja: svetlokafeava. Inv. No. 202 Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Centaur?

Presentation of an animal with four small legs and short tail up. The head features two wide vertical horns, serrated on the sides Face of a man with incised eyes and eyebrows, long beaklike nose, and lateral ears marked with pinches. In the middle of the back, there is a tall conical recipient. Rough facture, light brown colour. 194 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 64 Зооморфен жртвеник 195 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 64 Zoomorphic altar

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina Zoomorfen `rtvenik Kp F 2-G3, ku}a 3. Dolìna: 13,5 sm; Visina: 7,3 sm Ubavo modelirana pretstava na koza so kus vrat, mali noze i Inv.br. 178. Istraùvawa 1985 III podignata opa{ka. Ustata e otvorena, o~ite ramno vreàni Anzabegovo -Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje i triagolni rogovi. Na grbot se nao|a recipient - ~ini~e. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeavo-crvena. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Section F2–G3, House 3 Length: 13,5cm, Height: 7,3cm Zoomorphic altar

Inv. No. 178, excavations 1985 Well-modelled presentation of a goat with a short neck, small Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje legs, and tail set upwards. Mouth is opened, straight incised eyes, triangular horns. The back features a recipient - bowl. Rough facture, brown reddish colour. 196 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 65 Зооморфен жртвеник – желва 197 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 65 Zoomorphic altar - turtle

Tumba s. Porodin - Pelagonija Zoomorfen `rtvenik - `elka Visina: 17 sm

Inv. br.221; istraùvawa 1953 @rtvenik {to asocira na èlka, ìvotno {to postojano Velu{ina –Porodin ja nosi svojata ku}a. Plitok recipient so vovle~en obod, Zavod i Muzej – Bitola postaven na ~etiri zgu`vani niski noze i opav~e na

Tumba, village of Porodin – Pelagonija zadniot del. Na aglite ima dve glavi. Vo recipientot se Height: 17cm nao|a triagolno ogni{te. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeava.

Inv. No. 221, excavations 1953 Velušina-Porodin Zoomorphic altar – turtle Institute and Museum – Bitola

Altar reminiscent of a turtle, an animal constantly carryings its "house". Shallow recipient with an indrawn brim set upon four short legs and a small tale on the backside. Two heads featured on both angles. The recipient contains a triangular fireplace. Rough facture, brown colour. 198 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 66 Глава на елен 199 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 66 Deer head

Tumba s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija Glava na elen Visina: 10 sm

Inv.br.221, istra`uvawa 1976 III Glava na elen so zatvorena usta, plasti~ni o~i, mali Velu{ina –Porodin u{i i spleskani rogovi. Faktura: gruba, boja: temnokafeava. Zavod i Muzej - Bitola

Tumba, village of Velušina - Pelagonija Deer head Height: 10cm

Inv. No. 221b, excavations 1976 Deer head with a closed mouth, plastic eyes, small ears and Velušina-Porodin III flat horns. Rough facture, dark brown colour. Institute and Museum – Bitola 200 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 67 Глава на елен 201 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 67 Deer head

Tumba s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija Glava na elen Visina: 10 sm

Inv. br. 223 III Protoma od otkr{en `rtvenik, glava na elen so visok vrat, Velu{ina – Porodin malku otvorena usta, plasti~ni o~i (zrno p~enica?), mali Zavod i Muzej - Bitola u{i i lopatesti rogovi. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeava.

Tumba, village of Velušina - Pelagonija Height: 10cm Deer head

Inv. No. 223 Velušina-Porodin III Protoma from a broken altar, deer head featuring a small neck, Institute and Museum – Bitola slightly opened mouth, plastic eyes (wheat grain?), small ears and shovel-like horns. Rough facture, brown colour. 202 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 68 Ритон – водна птица 203 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 68 Rhyton – water bird

Kanli Чair, dolinaта на rekата Riton - vodna ptica Lakavice Viцina: 14 cm, dol`ina: 21 cm Stilizirana, ednostavno izvajana ptica so izvle~en klun, Inv.br.280, istra`uvawe 1987 IV spleskano telo so elipsovidno zamazneto dno, opa{kata - Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje izlivnikot o{teteni. Povr{ina: mazneta, faktura: dobra, boja: svetlokafeava. Kanli Čair, Lakavica river valley Height: 14cm, Length: 21cm Rhyton – water bird Inv. No. 280, excavation 1987 Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV Stylized, simply sculpted bird with an extended beak, flat Museum of Macedonia – Skopje body with an oval polished bottom, tail/rhyton damaged. Polished surface, good facture, light brown colour. Каталог на предмети Култни жртвеники 205 Catalogue of objects Cult altars

Kultni жrtvenici Cult altars

Бр. / No. 69 Бр. / No. 70 Бр. / No. 71 Бр. / No. 72 Бр. / No. 73 Бр. / No. 74 Бр. / No. 75 Бр. / No. 76 Бр. / No. 77 Бр. / No. 78 Бр. / No. 79 Бр. / No. 80 206 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 208 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 69 Жртвеник 209 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 69 Altar

Tumba Sten~e, Polog @rtvenik Ku}a 1 Visina: 24 sm @rtvenik so forma na ~etiriagolna ku}a, so Inv.br.507; iskopuvawe 2000 I cilindri~en oxak na sredinata, malku razgrlen. Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje Na dvete strani se nao|aat ~etiriagolni otvori, a drugite dve se vo forma na bukvata „M“. Faktura: Tumba Stenče, Polog relativno dobra, boja: terakota, dobro pe~ena. House 1 Height: 24cm Altar Inv. No. 507, excavation 2000 Anzabegovo-Vršnik I Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Altar shrine in the form of a rectangular house with a cylindrical chimney in the middle, slightly opened. Two of the sides feature rectangular openings, whereas the other two are in the form of the letter "M". Medium facture, well baked terracotta colour. 210 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 70 Жртвеник 211 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 70 Altar

Tumba Maxari, Skopje @rtvenik KP G2-H2, pod pe~ka 2 Visina: 11 sm @rtvenik so forma na ~etiriagolna ku}a. Zakoseni yidovi, Inv.br.653; iskopuvawe 2007 II pokriv na ~etri vodi. Na sredinata na pokrivot ima Anzabegovo-Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje otvor za cilindar. Cilindarot ne e so~uvan. Na aglite od pokrivot ima dup~iwa, koi na krajot se stesnuvaat. Na site Tumba Madjari, Skopje yidovi se nao|aat izdol`eni otvori za vrata. Vo sredinata Section G2–X2, under furnace 2 na dnoto se izvedeni, edna do druga, dva pogolemi otvora. Vo Height: 11cm dolniot del na `rtvenikot ima tragi od gorewe. Inv No. 653, excavations 2007 Anzabegovo-Vršnik I Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Altar

Altar in the form of a rectangular house. Sloped walls, four-foot roof. The centre of the roof features an opening for a cylinder. The cylinder is not preserved. The angles of the roof have holes shrinking at their end. All walls have elongated door openings. In the middle of the bottom, there are two larger openings made one beside the other. Traces of burning are visible in the lower part of the altar. 212 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 71 Жртвеник - куча 213 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 71 Altar – House

Tumba s. Topol~ani - Pelagonija @rtvenik - ku}a Visina: 20 sm; {iro~ina: 23 h 25 sm

Inv. br.1227; istra`uvawa 1981 III Model na ku}a so ~etiriagolna osnova,zakoseni yidovi i Velu{ina-Porodin pokriv na ~etiri vodi. Na sredinata na pokrivot ima otvor Zavod i Muzej – Prilep za antropomorfen cilinder, {to nedostiga, a na aglite ima

Tumba, village of Topolčani – Pelagonija dup~iwa. Na site yidovi se nao|aat pravoagolni otvori za Height: 20cm, Width: 23 × 25cm vrata. Prozorcite se otvori vo forma na polumese~inki. Faktura: gruba, boja: crvena. Inv. No. 1227, excavations 1981 Velušina-Porodin III Institute and Museum – Prilep Altar – House

Model of a house with rectangular foundation, slightly sloped walls, four-foot roof. In the middle of the roof, there is an opening for an anthropomorphic cylinder, which is missing, whereas the angles feature holes. All of the walls have rectangular door openings. The windows are presented as openings in the form of crescents. Rough facture, red colour. 214 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 72 Жртвеник - куча 215 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 72 Altar – House

Tumba s. Dobromiri - Pelagonija @rtvenik - ku}a Visina: 21 sm; {iro~ina: 26h23 sm

Inv. br.251 III Model na ku}a so ~etiriagolna osnova, polukalotest Velu{ina - Porodin pokriv, so otvor vo sredinata za antropomorfen cilinder, Zavod i Muzej – Bitola {to nedostiga. Ukrasen e so plasti~ni nazabeni lenti,

Tumba, village of Dobromiri – Pelagonija so otpe~atoci od prsti (asociraat ja`iwa {to ja drжele Height: 21cm, Width: 26 × 23cm slamata od pokrivot). Na dve strani od tavanot ima kru`ni otvori. Pokrivot e odvoen od yidovite so zadebeluvawa na Inv. No. 251 Velušina-Porodin III aglite. Na dva yida se nao|aat prozorci so la~ni otvori, Institute and Museum – Bitola a na drugite dva se nepravilno nazabeni. Na dnoto ima kru`en otvor. Faktura: gruba, boja: crvena.

Altar – House

Model of a house on a rectangular foundation, semi-globular roof with an opening in the middle intended for an anthropomorphic cylinder, which is missing. Decorated with plastic serrated stripes with fingerprints (reminiscent of ropes which used to hold the hay of the roof). The two sides of the attic feature circular openings. The roof is separated from the walls with thickenings on the angles. Two of the walls have windows with bow-like openings, whereas the other two are irregularly serrated. The bottom has a circular opening. Rough facture, red colour. 216 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 73 Жртвеник - куча 217 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 73 Altar – House

Tumba s. Velu{ina - Pelagonija @rtvenik - ku}a Visina: 24 sm; dol`ina: 27h 24 sm

Inv. br.295 III Model na ku}a so pravoagolna osnova, polukalotest pokriv, Velu{ina - Porodin so otvor vo sredinata za antropomorfen cilinder, koj Zavod i Muzej – Bitola nedostiga. Ukrasen e so plasti~ni nazabeni lenti so

Tumba, village of Velušina – Pelagonija otpe~atoci od prsti (asociraat ja`iwa {to ja drжele Height: 24cm, Length: 27 × 24cm slamata od pokrivot). Na dve strani od tavanot ima kru`ni otvori, a na aglite plasti~ni zadebeluvawa {to asociraat Inv. No. 295 Velušina-Porodin III gredi. Na yidovite se otvori za prozorci vo forma na Institute and Museum – Bitola bukvata „M“. Na dnoto ima kru`en otvor. Faktura: gruba, boja: crvena.

Altar – House

Model of a house on a rectangular foundation, semi- globular roof with an opening in the middle intended for an anthropomorphic cylinder, which is missing. Decorated with plastic serrated stripes with fingerprints (reminiscent of ropes which used to hold the hay of the roof). Two sides of the attic have circular openings, the angles feature plastic thickenings reminiscent of girders. The walls have window openings in the form of the letter M. The bottom has a circular opening. Rough facture, red colour. 218 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 74 Жртвеник 219 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 74 Altar

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina @rtvenik Kv.H 4 Visina: 8,8 sm; recipient: 13,2 sm Plitok kruèn recipient, postaven na ~etiriagolna Istraùvawa 1982; inv. br. 160 III masi~ka so ~etiri noze. Recipientot e konusen, so ramen Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje obod. Rabot na plo~ata e ukrasen so niza od vreàni triagolnici, a nozete so kosi paralelni linii. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Faktura: dobra, boja: kafeava. Quad. H4 Height: 8,8cm, Recipient diameter: 13,2cm Altar

Inv. No. 160, excavations 1982 Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Round shallow recipient set on a rectangular four-legged Museum of Macedonia – Skopje table. The recipient is conical, with a flat brim. The edge of the plate is decorated with a series of incised triangles, whereas the legs are marked with diagonal parallel lines. Good facture, brown colour. 220 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 75 Жртвеник 221 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 75 Altar

Tumba Maxari, Skopska kotlina @rtvenik Kv. 9 vo lepe` Visina: 5 sm, {iro~ina: 6,5 sm Plitok pravoagolen recipient so ostri agli i ramen Inv.br.441; istra`uvawe 1981 III venec. Postaven e na po{iroka plo~a so ~etiri masivni Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje noze, povrzani so nazabeni ornamenti vo lak. Faktura: dobra, boja: svetlokafeava. Tumba Madjari, Skopje valley Quad. 9 Height: 5cm, Width: 6,5cm Altar

Inv. No. 441, excavation 1981 Shallow rectangular recipient with sharp angles and flat Anzabegovo-Vršnik III Museum of Macedonia – Skopje wreath. Placed upon a wider plate with four massive legs connected with serrated ornaments in the form of a bow. Good facture, light brown colour. 222 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 76 Жртвеник – масичка 223 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 76 Altar – Table

Vrbjanska ~uka, s. Slavej - Pelagonija @rtvenik - masi~ka Najden e vo golemiot `rtvenik vo ku}aта 1 Visina: 14 sm, {iro~ina: 15 sm Plitok kvadraten recipient, postaven na visoki nazabeni noze. Na yidovite ima elipsesti otvori, a Inv. br. 294; istra`uvawa 1979 III Velu{ina - Porodin na aglite - kru`ni. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeava. Zavod i Muzej – Prilep

Altar – Table Vrbjanska Čuka, village of Slavej – Pelagonija Discovered in the Great altar in House 1 Shallow rectangular recipient, set upon tall-serrated legs. Height: 14cm, Width: 15cm The walls feature oval openings, and circular ones on the

Inv. No. 294, excavations 1979 angles. Rough facture, brown colour. Velušina-Porodin III Institute and Museum – Prilep 224 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 77 Жртвеник – масичка 225 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 77 Altar – Table

Vrbjanska ~uka, s. Slavej-Pelagonija @rtvenik - masi~ka Pod lepe` Visina: 4,5 sm, {iro~ina: 9,0 sm

III Plitok kvadraten recipient, postaven na visoki Inv. br.1226, S ; istra`uvawa 1981 III nazabeni noze. Na yidovite ima elipsesti otvori, a Velu{ina - Porodin Zavod i Muzej – Prilep na aglite - kru`ni. Faktura: gruba, boja: kafeava. Altar – Table Vrbjanska Čuka, village of Slavej - Pelagonija Height: 4,5cm, Width: 9,0cm Shallow rectangular recipient, set upon tall-serrated legs. The walls feature oval openings, and circular ones on the Inv. No. 1226. S III, excavations 1981 angles. Rough facture, brown colour. Velušina-Porodin III Institute and Museum – Prilep 226 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 78 Жртвеник 227 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 78 Altar

Vrbjanska ~uka, s. Slavej - Pelagonija @rtvenik Visina: 9,5 sm; {iro~ina: 25h25 sm

Inv. br. 1333, istra`uvawa 1979 III Tip na masi~ka postaven na visoki nazabeni noze. Velu{ina-Porodin Na aglite ima kru`ni otvori. Faktura: gruba, boja: Zavod i Muzej – Prilep kafeava.

Vrbjanska Čuka, village of Slavej – Pelagonija Altar Height: 9,5cm, Width: 25 × 25cm

Inv. No. 1333, excavations 1979 Type of table set on tall-serrated legs. The angles feature Velušina-Porodin III circular and oval openings. Rough facture, brown colour. Institute and Museum – Prilep 228 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 79 Жртвеник 229 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 79 Altar

Vr{nik, Tarinci, Sredna Bregalnica @rtvenik Visina: 15,5 sm; dol`ina: 14,5 sm

Inv.br. 86; istra`uvawe 1960 IV @rtvenik na ~etiri noze so pravoagolen recipient, Anzabegovo-Vr{nik – ~elnite strani go nadvi{uvaat, a na aglite ima Naroden muzej - [tip plasti~ni zadebeluvawa. Ukrasen e so vre`ani linii.

Vršnik, Tarinci, Middle Bregalnica region Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: terakota. Height: 15,5cm, Length: 14,5cm

Inv. No. 86, excavation 1960 Altar Anzabegovo-Vršnik IV National museum – Štip Four legged altar with a rectangular recipient, frontal and backside are higher, and the angles feature plastic thickenings. Decorated with incised lines. Medium facture, terracotta colour. 230 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 80 Жртвеник – основа на куќа 231 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 80 Altar – Foundation of a house

Tumba s. Porodin - Pelagonija @rtvenik - osnova na ku}a [iro~ina: 15h16 sm

Inv. br.209; istra`uvawa 1953 Model na osnova na neolitska ku}a so ~etiriagolna Velu{ina – Porodin osnova, visoka 4,5 sm, so plasti~en parapeten yid levo od Zavod i Muzej – Bitola otvorot za vratata. Na eden yid ima zalepeno triagolno

Tumba, village of Porodin – Pelagonija ogni{te. Faktura: gruba, boja: crveno-kafeava. Width: 15 × 16cm

Inv. No. 209, excavations 1953 Altar – Foundation of a house Velušina-Porodin Institute and Museum – Bitola Model of a rectangular foundation of a Neolithic house, 4,5cm tall, with a plastic parapet wall left of the door opening. A triangular fireplace is connected to one of the walls. Rough facture, reddish brown colour. Каталог на предмети Печати 233 Catalogue of objects Stamps

Печати Stamps

Бр. / No. 81 Бр. / No. 82 234 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија 236 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 81 Пинтадера 237 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 81 Pintadera

Tumba Sten~e, Polog Pintadera Ku}a 1 Visina: 3 sm; dolìna: 5 sm Pe~at so pravoagolna forma i vertikalna mala drжalka Inv.br. 561; istraùvawa 2000 I so dup~e. Na glavata ima vreàni linii so zaobleni Anzabegovo - Vr{nik V Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje rabovi, vo forma na bukvata . Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: crvena. Tumba Stenče, Polog House 1 Height: 3cm, Length: 5cm Pintadera

Inv. No. 561, excavations 2000 Seal with rectangular shape, vertical small pierced handle. Anzabegovo-Vršnik I Museum of Macedonia – Skopje The head features incised lines with rounded edges in the form of the letter V. Medium facture, red colour. 238 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија Бр. 82 Пинтадера 239 Neolithic art in the Region of the Republic of Macedonia No. 82 Pintadera

Tumba Maxari Pintadera Kv H 1 Visina: 1,4 sm; dolìna: 2,3 sm Pe~at so pravoagolna forma i vertikalna mala drжalka so Inv.br. 572; istraùvawa 2004 II dup~e. Na glavata ima vreàna dvojna spirala, so forma na Y Anzabegovo - Vr{nik Muzej na Makedonija – Skopje i linii so zaobleni rabovi. Faktura: relativno dobra, boja: oker-crvena. Tumba Madjari Quad. H1 Height: 1,4cm, Length: 2,3cm Pintadera

Inv. No. 572, excavations 2004 Seal with rectangular shape, vertical small pierced handle. The Anzabegovo-Vršnik II Museum of Macedonia – Skopje head features an incised double spiral in the form of S-lines with rounded edges. Medium facture, red - ochre colour. Колофон 241 Colophon

Kolofon Colophon 242 Неолитската уметност на територијата Колофон 243 нa Република Mакедонија

— Za izdava~ot Radmila Ivani{evi}- Meri Anicin Prilep Efto Dimovski-Bitola — Koordinator — Pero Josifovski Prevod od makedonski na angliski jazik — Urednik na katalogot Rima Safatli Andrej Šemrov

— (tehni~ka redakcija) Lektura na Peter Turk (redakcija na makedonski jazik: tekst i voveden tekst) Aneta Popantoska Naroden muzej na Slovenija — Fotografija: — Matija Pavlovec Avtori na izlo`bata i Tomaž Lauko katalogot (str.20 i 30) Dragi{a Zdravkovski — Elena Stojanova Kanzurova Grafi~ko oblikuvawe: Žiga Testen, Damjan Ilič Muzej na Makedonija-Skopje Republika Makedonija — Grafi~ka podgotovka: — Fotolito Dolenc d.o.o. Nau~en konsultant Dragi Mitrevski — Pe~ati: — Formatisk d.o.o Sorabotnici Marija Atanasova — Muzej na Makedonija - Skopje Tira`: 500 Marija Vasileva — Zavod i Muzej -Bitola Izlo`bata i katalogot go finansiraa: Aleksandar Mitkovski Ministerstvoto za kultura Zavod i Muzej -Prilep na Republika Makedonija Naroden muzej na Slovenija Traj~e Nacev — Zvonko Beldedovski Komesar na izlo`bata: Andrej Šemrov Zavod i Muzej -[tip

— Konzervatori Muzej na Makedonija -Skopje Marija Tu{a Danica Angova Stanka Petkovska, Branko Veli~kovski 244 Colophon 245

— Catalogue editors — Photos Andrej Šemrov (editorial Matija Pavlovec secretary) Tomaž Lauko (p. 20 and 30) Peter Turk (text editing and introductory text) — Graphic design: National Museum of Slovenia Žiga Testen

— Authors of the exhibition — Prepress: and catalogue Fotolito Dolenc d.o.o. Dragiša Zdravkovski Elena Stojanova Kanzurova — Printed by: Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Formatisk d.o.o. Republic of Macedonia — No. of copies: — Scientific consultant 500 Dragi Mitrevski — National Museum — Associates of Slovenia Marija Atanasova Director Museum of Macedonia – Skopje Peter Kos Marija Vasileva Institute and Museum – Bitola — Museum of Aleksandar Mitkovski Macedonia – Skopje Institute and Museum – Prilep Director Mari Anicin Trajče Nacev Institute and Museum – Štip — Programme Director Zvonko Beldedovski Pero Josifovski Aleksandar Danev National Museum – Sv. Nikole — Exhibition financed by Miloš Bilbija Ministry of Culture of the Museum of the City of Skopje Republic of Macedonia — Conservators National Museum of Slovenia Museum of Macedonia – Skopje: — Exhibition organization: Marija Tuša Andrej Šemrov Danica Angova Stanka Petkovska © Narodni muzej Branko Veličkovski Slovenije, 2008 Radmila Ivanišević – Prilep © Muzej na Efto Dimovski – Bitola Makedonija, 2008

— Translation from Macedonian to English by Rima Safitli

— Proof-reader for Macedonian language Aneta Popantoska 246 Неолитската уметност на територијата нa Република Mакедонија

CIP - Katalogizacija vo publikacija Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka “Sv. Kliment Ohridski”, Skopje

903.23/.29(497.7)”634”(083.824) 73.031.1(497.7)”634”(083.824)

ZDRAVKOVSKI,Dragi{a Neolithic artNeolitska in the region umetnost of the naRepublic teritorija of Macedonia na Republika Makedonija= / (Dragi{a Zdravkovski, Elena Stojanova Kanzurova; urednik Andrej [emrov, Meri Anicin; prevod Rima Safitli; fotografii Matija Pavlovec,Toma` Lauko; kartografija Aleksandar Stoj~ev ….i dr.). - Skopje: Muzej na Makedonija, 2009. - 255 str. : ilustr. ; 25 sm

Tekst naporedno na mak. i angl. jazik ISBN 978 -9989 – 917 – 45 – 5

1. Nasp. stv. nasl. 2. Stojanova Kanzurova, Elena (avtor) a) Makedonija - Arheolo{ki naodi, praistoriski – Neolit - Katalozi COBISS.MKod izlo`bi ID - 239109376