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9Th General Report on the CPT's Activities (1998)

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9Th General Report on the CPT's Activities (1998) CPT/Inf (99) 12 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) 9th General Report on the CPT's activities covering the period 1 January to 31 December 1998 Strasbourg, 30 August 1999 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) 9th General Report on the CPT's activities covering the period 1 January to 31 December 1998 The CPT is required to draw up every year a general report on its activities, which is published. This 9th General Report, as well as previous general reports and other information about the work of the CPT, may be obtained from the Committee's Secretariat: Secretariat of the CPT Human Rights Building Council of Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex, France Tel: +33 (0)3 88 41 20 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 41 27 72 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cpt.coe.fr CPT: 9TH GENERAL REPORT5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ...............................................................................................................................................7 ACTIVITIES IN 1998 ............................................................................................................................8 Visits ...........................................................................................................................................8 Meetings ........................................................................................................................................9 Publications ...................................................................................................................................9 ORGANISATIONAL ISSUES ...........................................................................................................10 The Convention and its Protocols ..............................................................................................10 CPT membership ........................................................................................................................11 Administrative and financial questions ......................................................................................11 JUVENILES DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY ............................................................................12 Preliminary remarks ...................................................................................................................12 Safeguards against the ill-treatment of juveniles .....................................................................13 Detention centres for juveniles ..................................................................................................14 1. introduction ................................................................................................................14 2. material conditions of detention .................................................................................14 3. regime activities..........................................................................................................14 4. staffing issues..............................................................................................................15 5. contact with the outside world....................................................................................15 6. discipline.................................................................................................................15 7. complaints and inspection procedures ...................................................................15 8. medical issues.........................................................................................................16 APPENDIX 1: A. Signatures and ratifications of the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ......................................................................17 B. Expansion of the CPT's field of operations: 1989-1999 ......................18 C. Signatures and ratifications of Protocols Nos. 1 and 2 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment .........................20 APPENDIX 2: A. Members of the CPT .............................................................................21 B. Secretariat of the CPT ...........................................................................22 APPENDIX 3: Places of detention visited by CPT delegations in 1998 ..................................23 CPT: 9TH GENERAL REPORT7 PREFACE The European Committee for the prevention of Two fundamental principles govern relations torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or between the CPT and Parties to the Convention - co- punishment (CPT) was set up under the 1987 Council of operation and confidentiality. In this respect, it should be Europe Convention of the same name (hereinafter "the emphasised that the role of the Committee is not to Convention"). According to Article 1 of the Convention: condemn States, but rather to assist them to prevent the ill-treatment of persons deprived of their liberty. "There shall be established a European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and After each visit, the CPT draws up a report Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or which sets out its findings and includes, if necessary, Punishment..... The Committee shall, by means recommendations and other advice, on the basis of of visits, examine the treatment of persons which a dialogue is developed with the State concerned. deprived of their liberty with a view to The Committee's visit report is, in principle, strengthening, if necessary, the protection of confidential; however, almost all States have chosen to such persons from torture and from inhuman or waive the rule of confidentiality and publish the report. degrading treatment or punishment." The work of the CPT is designed to be an integrated part of the Council of Europe's system for the protection of human rights, placing a proactive non- judicial mechanism alongside the existing reactive judicial mechanism of the European Court of Human Rights. The CPT implements its essentially preventive function through two kinds of visits - periodic and ad hoc. Periodic visits are carried out to all Parties to the Convention on a regular basis. Ad hoc visits are organised in these States when they appear to the Committee "to be required in the circumstances". When carrying out a visit, the CPT enjoys extensive powers under the Convention: access to the territory of the State concerned and the right to travel without restriction; unlimited access to any place where people are deprived of their liberty, including the right to move inside such places without restriction; access to full information on places where people deprived of their liberty are being held, as well as to other information available to the State which is necessary for the Committee to carry out its task. The Committee is also entitled to interview in private persons deprived of their liberty and to communicate freely with anyone whom it believes can supply relevant information. Visits may be carried out to any place "where persons are deprived of their liberty by a public authority". Consequently, the CPT's mandate extends beyond prisons and police stations to encompass psychiatric institutions, detention areas at military barracks, holding centres for asylum seekers or other categories of foreigners, and places in which young persons may be deprived of their liberty by judicial or administrative order. 8 CPT: 9TH GENERAL REPORT ACTIVITIES IN 1998 Visits 1. The CPT organised some 130 days of visits 4. With some exceptions, the degree of during 1998. The highlight of the year was the cooperation displayed towards CPT delegations during commencement of the CPT’s activities in the Russian visits remains satisfactory, at both national and local Federation and Ukraine. The Committee expects that it level. This generally favourable situation is certainly due will be a frequent visitor to both of these countries, in part to the practice of organising information seminars given the magnitude of the issues falling within the on the activities of the Committee in States which have CPT’s mandate. A complete list of the countries and recently become Parties to the Convention. In the course places of detention visited by CPT delegations in 1998 is of 1998, such seminars were held in Chişinău, Moscow, set out in Appendix 3. Skopje and Zagreb.1 2. The CPT carried out ten periodic visits: to 5. Nevertheless, delays in gaining access to Andorra, Croatia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Moldova, particular establishments are still encountered from time Spain, Sweden, “the former Yugoslav Republic of to time, especially as regards law enforcement agencies. Macedonia”, and Ukraine. This was the first time the The policy of CPT delegations has always been, and will CPT had visited Andorra, Croatia, Moldova, “the former remain, to persist until such time as access to the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” and Ukraine. As for establishment concerned is provided. The Committee the remaining countries, 1998 marked the second wishes to stress in this regard that an initial refusal of occasion on which the Committee had visited them on a access to a place of deprivation of liberty constitutes a periodic basis (and for Spain, the third). flagrant and most serious violation of Article 8 of the Convention (according to which the CPT may at any 3. In addition, three ad hoc visits were organised: time visit any place of
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