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Field Guide Commercial Marine and Brackish Water Species of Pakistan

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Field Guide Commercial Marine and Brackish Water Species of Pakistan FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FOR FISHERY PURPOSES PROJECT UNDP/FAO PAK/77/033 FIELD GUIDE COMMERCIAL MARINE AND BRACKISH WATER SPECIES OF PAKISTAN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FOR FISHERY PURPOSES FIELD GUIDE TO THE COMMERCIAL MARINE AND BRACKISH-WATER SPECIES OF PAKISTAN by Gabriella Bianchi Consultant Marine Resources Service Fishery Resources and Environment Division Fisheries Department, FAO Prepared with the support of PAK/77/033 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome 1985 - ii - The designations employed and the presentation of mater al in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boudaries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1984 - iii - PREPARATION OF DOCUMENT This document was prepared under the UNDP/FAO Marine Fisheries Development Project (PAK/77/033), in collaboration with the FAO Regular Programme. The author travelled to Pakistan in November 1984 for the purpose of assessing, at landing places and in markets, present constraints in local routine work involving identification and denomination of commercial marine and brackish-water species, and to examine, in collaboration with national counterpart personnel, the species composition of catches at selected places, for the purpose of collecting data and information by species to be used for the preparation of this field guide. Additional information, especially on local denominations, was provided by Dr B.C. Russell, who travelled to Pakistan in September/October 1985. The basic reference used during the mission was the recently published set of FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes - Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51) which proved to be invaluable for this purpose. However, this document is somewhat cumbersome to use for the average data collector since it includes many species not landed in Pakistan. It also does not provide local species denominations used within the country. The preparation of the actual field guide was carried out by using illustrations and taxonomic data from the above-mentioned set of Identification Sheets, as well as the notes and local species names collected during the field mission. The final document was prepared under the FAO Species Identification Programme, and the printing was funded by the FAO Regular Programme. The author wishes to express her gratitude to all those who have contributed in one way or another to the implementation of this project, and particularly to: - Dr W. Brandhorst, Chief Technical Adviser, UNDP/FAO Marine Fisheries Development Project (Pakistan) for his effective support to the field activities in Pakistan and to the elaboration of the final document at FAO/HQ. - Dr Abdul Majid, Director General, Marine Fisheries Department (Pakistan). - Ms Nadira Mirza, Museum Curator, Marine Fisheries Department (Pakistan) for her valuable help in the collection of data by species throughout the mission. - Messrs M. Khalil Uddin, Research Officer and A.H. Zaidi, Senior Statistician, Marine Fisheries Department (Pakistan), for providing valuable information especially on local species names and statistical data, respectively. - Messrs M. Moazzam Khan, Senior Research Officer, Directorate of Fisheries Government of Baluchis- tan and M. Sadic Niazi, Zoologist, Zoological Survey Department (Pakistan), for having provided precious information on local species denominations and fisheries of the Baluchistan region. Mr Niazi, in particular, made available an unpublished work on "The commercial fishes of Pakistan" (by M. Farooq Ahmad and M. Sadiq Niazi). - Mr N.P. van Zalinge, Resources Management Adviser, UNDP/FAO Marine Fisheries Development Project, Karachi (Pakistan), for the information on the shrimp fisheries of Pakistan. - To the FAO staff in Pakistan and at FAO/HQ for their valuable assistance at the various stages of the work and in particular to Mrs M. Kautenberger-Longo who skillfully assisted with the typing and page composition of the document. - To Dr J.E. Randall, B. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, for kindly providing his valuable colour slides which were already used in the Species Identification Sheets for the Western Indian Ocean. Special thanks are due to: - Dr B.C. Russell, Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia, for his substantial contribution in the collection of local names and additional information on habitat and biology of several species. - Dr Mathias Stehmann, Institut für Seefischerei, Zoologisches Institut and Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, for having provided all the taxonomic information on the batoid fishes of Pakistan. This section could not have been included without his help. - Dr L.B. Holthuis, Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Histoire, The Netherlands, for helping in the selection of species of crabs and for providing information and iconographic sources for this group. Technical Editor: W. Fischer Senior Fishery Resources Officer Marine Resources Service Fishery Resources and Environment Division For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows: Bianchi, G., FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and 1985 brackish-water species of Pakistan. Prepared with the support of PAK/77/033 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. Rome, FAO, 200 p. - iv - Summary This field guide includes the marine and brackish-water species of bony fishes, sharks, batoid fishes, lobsters, shrimps, crabs and cephalopods believed to be of interest to fisheries in Pakistan. Each major resources group is introduced by a general section on technical terms, fol- lowed by an annotated and illustrated list of the more important species which includes FAO names, local names commonly used (Sindhi, Baluchi and English), maximum size, habitat, fishing gear and interest to fisheries. A composite index of scientific and vernacular family and species names is also provided. click for next page click for previous page - v - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION xi BONY FISHES TECHNICAL TERMS 1 Families Megalopidae - Tarpons 3 Albulidae - Bonefishes 3 Elopidae - Tenpounders 3 Clupeidae - Sardinellas, sardines, herrings, shads, pellonas 4 Engraulidae - Anchovies, thryssas 11 Chirocentridae - Wolf-herrings 14 Muraenidae - Morays 15 Muraenesocidae - Pike congers 16 Congridae - Congers 17 Ariidae - Sea catfishes 18 Plotosidae - Eel catfishes 22 Chanidae - Milkfishes 23 Synodontidae - Lizardfishes 23 Harpadontidae - Bombay ducks 24 Bregmacerotidae - Codlets 25 Exocoetidae - Flyingfishes 25 Hemiramphidae - Halfbeaks 26 Belonidae - Needlefishes 27 Holocentridae - Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes 28 Fistulariidae - Cornetfishes 28 Scorpaenidae - Scorpionfishes, stingfishes, etc 29 Triglidae - Gurnards 29 Platycephalidae - Flatheads 30 Centropomidae - Barramundis 31 Serranidae - Groupers, seabasses, rockcods, etc 31 Teraponidae - Terapon perches, terapons 36 Sillaginidae - Sillagos 37 Lactariidae - False trevallies 38 Rachycentridae - Cobias 38 Echeneididae - Sharksuckers 38 Carangidae - Jacks, trevallies, scads, runners, etc 39 Coryphaenidae - Dolphinfishes 53 Menidae - Moonfishes 53 Leiognathidae - Ponyfishes, toothponies 54 Gerreidae - Silver-biddies 57 Lutjanidae - Jobfishes, snappers 58 Nemipteridae - Threadfin breams, monocle breams 64 Lobotidae - Tripletails 67 Haemulidae (Pomadasyidae) - Sweetlips, rubberlips, hotlips, grunters, piggies 68 Lethrinidae - Emperors, pig-face breams, large-eye breams 73 Sparidae - Seabreams, soldierbreams 74 Sciaenidae - Croakers, drums, etc 78 Mullidae - Goatfishes 86 Ephippidae - Spadefishes 89 Drepanidae - Sicklefishes 89 Platacidae - Batfishes 89 Scatophagidae - Scats 90 90 Pomacanthidae - Angelfishes Pomacentridae - Damselfishes 90 91 Mugilidae - Mullets Sphyraenidae - Barracudas 95 Polynemidae - Threadfins 97 98 Labridae - Wrasses Scaridae - Parrotfishes 98 Siganidae - Spinefoots, rabbitfishes 99 Scombridae - Albacores, bonitos, kawakawas, mackerels, etc 100 Trichiuridae - Hairtails 104 Istiophoridae - Sailfishes, marlins 105 107 Xiphiidae - Swordfishes Stromateidae - Silver pomfrets 107 Nomeidae - Driftfishes 108 Ariommidae - Ariommas 109 Psettodidae - Spiny turbots 109 109 Bothidae - Lefteye flounders - vi - Page Soleidae - Soles 112 Cynoglossidae - Tonguesoles 115 Balistidae - Triggerfishes 115 Monacanthidae - Leatherjackets 115 Tetraodontidae - Pufferfishes 116 Triacanthidae - Tripodfishes SHARKS 117 TECHNICAL TERMS Families 118 Alopiidae - Thresher sharks 119 Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks Ginglymostomatidae - Nurse sharks 124 125 Hemigaleidae - Snaggletooth sharks 125 Hemiscylliidae - Carpetsharks 126 Lamnidae - Makos Odontaspididae - Tigersharks 126 Rhiniodontidae
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