Name Index

An “f” following a page number indicates a figure on that page

A Aaronsohn, Aaron, 196–97 Abbas, Mahmoud, 213f Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi, 169 Abdel Kader Haidara, 296 Abdelkader El Djezairi, 257–58, 258f, 264–65 Abdi, Mazloum Kobani, 50 Abdul Aziz bin Baz, 316–17 Abdul Rahman, Kambir, 103, 103f Abdulaziz ibn Saud, 63f, 68f, 71f on Arab freedom, 66–68 betrayal of Sharif of Mecca by, 69–70 invasion of Hejaz, 71f, 71–72 as vassal king, 65–69, 67f, 70f, 73, 79–80, 210, 265, 344, 349 Wahhabism and, 62–64, 66–67 Abdullah ibn Saud, 58–59, 59f, 61 Abraham (patriarch), 350 Abrams, Elliot, 346 Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, 8, 9f Abu al-Qasim bin Abbad, 340 Abu Bakr al-Razi, 8, 10f, 74, 310, 341 Abu Tayi, Auda, 37, 38f Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, 117 Abu Yaqub Yusuf, 268f Abulcasis, 8, 9f Acocella, Joan, 122 Adams, Abigail, 19f Adams, John, 19, 19f, 269 Adityanath, Yogi, 330 Ahmad Shāh Durrānī, 335f Aimery, 163 Aisha, 342 Akbar, 328–29, 332 Akkad, Moustapha, 262–63, 263f Al Thunayan, Effat, 85f Alexander the Great, 109, 109f, 351 Alexander VI, 267 Al-Farghani, 268f Alfonso VI, 340 Alfraganus, 268f Al-Hasan ibn Ali, 33 Al-Haytham, 6, 7f, 16 Al-Husayn ibn Ali, 311–12 Ali (caliph), 31, 59, 116, 269, 310–13, 341 Al-Idrisi, 268f Al-Kamil, 182–84 al-Khalili, Jim, 5 Al-Khwarizmi, 5, 5f, 16 Allenby, Edmund, 38–40, 39f–40f, 48, 80, 127–28, 197 Al-Mansur, 4 Almond, Ian, 27 Al-Razi, 8, 10f Alys (Philip Augustus' sister), 174–75 Al-Zahrawi, 8, 9f Ambrose, 111 Anderson, Scott, 48 Applebaum, Anne, 133 Arafat, Yasser, 210 Arden, Elizabeth, 310 Aristotle, 14, 269 Armstrong, Karen, 178 Asbridge, Thomas, 145, 149–50, 153 Asquith, H.H., 41 al-Assad, Bashar, 51 al-Assad, Hafez, 50 Aurangzeb, 329, 332 Averroes, 14, 15f Avicenna, 8, 8f

B Baccarat, 310 Baibars, 185–86, 186f Baker, James, 220 Baldwin IV, 162, 162f, 164, 166 Balfour, Arthur, 43, 43f–44f, 49, 83, 91, 128–29, 308, 344. See also Balfour Declaration in subject index; vassalage program in subject index; Zionism in subject index Bandar, 89 Bannon, Steve, 254 Barak, Ehud, 211 Bauer, Conrad, 187 Bayezid II, 24, 24f Begin, Menachem, 136, 202–4, 203f Bell, Gertrude, 70f Belushi, John, 104 ben Caiaphas, Joseph, 110 Benedict XVI, 153–54, 154f, 244 Ben-Gurion, David, 211 Berengaria of Navarre, 175–76, 178–79 Berlin, Isaiah, 82 Bilal, 287–88, 296 Bin Baz, 316–17 Bin Laden, Osama, 60–61, 76, 149, 240, 248, 314, 319 Bin Zayed, 347 Bint Faisal Al Saud, Lolowah, 88 Birnbaum, Nathan, 121 Blackstone, William E., 130–31, 134–35 Blair, James, 299 Blake, John, 299 Blasco Ibánez, Vicente, 169 Blyth, Benjamin, 19f Board, Ernest, 9 Bohemond of Taranto, 151f Bolsonaro, Jair, 252–55 Bolton, Jerry, 25 Boudinot, Elias, 130 Brandeis, Louis, 50, 135 Breivik, Andres Behring, 188 Brooks, Dan, 248 Brown, George, 86 Brownworth, Lars, 147, 163, 183 Burton, Richard, 73f, 101 Bush, George W., 131–32, 155, 345–46 Butler, Gerard, 108

C Calvin, John, 123, 129 Carafa (Paul IV), 227 Carroll, James, 132, 150, 356 Chalkokondyles, Laonikos, 240–41 , 13, 13f–14f, 65, 151f Cheney, Dick, 345–46 Chirac, Jacques, 131 Churchill, Winston, 82f, 206f about, 64–65, 82–83 character of, 82 Iran and, 307–8 on Marshall, 206 "Middle East," creation of by, 91, 265 terrorism by, 83 and vassalage program, 65–69, 71, 79–80, 90, 344 Wahhabism, warning on, 66–67 Zionism and, 65, 128–30, 344 Clark, Wesley, 345 Clemenceau, Georges, 47 Clifford, Clark, 131, 141, 208–10 Cneajna, 235 Cohen, Avner, 216 Collins, Addie Mae, 355 Columbus, Christopher, 267–69, 268f Commins, David, 56 Conrad III, 158–59 Constance, 163 Constantine, 110–11, 118f, 138, 191, 229 Cooper, Anthony Ashley (Lord of Shaftesbury), 126f, 126–27 Coppola, Francis Ford, 172, 247, 247f, 248 Corrie, Rachel Aliene, 223–26, 226f Corvinus, Matthias, 239–41 Cox, Percy, 69, 70f Crusius, Patrick, 250 Cubells, Martínez, 292f Curtin, Philip D., 283, 294f Cyrus, 107–8, 118, 167, 309

D Dahir Sen, 327 Dale, Stephen Frederic, 16f Dante, 178 D’Antonio, Michael, 133 Darius III, 109f Darius the Great, 108 Davis, Timothy, 264 Davis, William Stearns, 154 Deeb, Mary-Jane, 280 Dent, Fredrick, 271 Devos, Betsy, 347 Dickson, H.R.P, 66 Diouf, Sylviane A., 296–97 Dodik, Milorad, 244 Dorsey, Hugh M., 189 Doumar, Abe, 20 Dracula/Vlad III (also Vlad Țepeș), 237f, 247f, 251f, 256f as a Christian extremist, 238–39, 243 death of, 241 early years of, 235–37 as hero, 250–52, 251f Hollywood and, 247–49 modern Romanian thought on, 250–53 right-wing politics and, 253–55 violence by, 240–41 Dracul/Vlad II, 234f, 234–36 Dragaš, Helena, 191 Durrānī, 335f Dylan, Bob, 298

E Eddé, Anne-Marie, 160 Edward III, 340 Edwards, Jonathan, 125, 129–30 Effat Al-Thunayan, 85f, 88, 315 Eisner, Peter, 133 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 158, 159f, 169, 173, 175, 179 Elizabeth I, 25–26, 26f, 122, 340 Elizabeth II, 340 Elliott, Jane, 95–97, 96f Eltis, David, 282 Emicho of Leiningen, 150–51 Entous, Adam, 216, 219 Errichetti, Angelo, 103 Esther (biblical figure), 138 Etiennette de Milly, 164–65, 167 Eugene III, 158, 187 Eustace, Kitty, 299

F Fahad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 90, 317–19, 349 Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 84f, 90f about, 83f, 83–84 assassination of, 88–89 character of, 83f family of, 85f oil export embargo and, 86–88 philanthropy of, 85f, 89–90 progressiveness of, 84–85, 85f succession of, 315–18 and Wahhabism, challenge of, 84 Falwell, Jerry, 136 Falwell, Jerry Jr., 142–43 Farley, Walter, 172 Farmer, Henry George, 297–98 Farouk, 81, 81f Fatima (daughter of Prophet Muhammad), 311–12 Fatima al-Fihri, 10, 11f Faulkner, William, 154–55 Feisal about, 35, 35f battle and, 36f–37f, 38–39 betrayal of, 35, 39–40, 40f, 43, 48 Hollywood role of, 100f knowledge of, 45 vassal program and, 71, 79–80, 83–84 Ferdinand, Franz, 61, 61f Ferdinand II, 24, 196, 267, 293, 343 Ferdinand III, 268f Fibonacci, Leonardo, 11, 12f Filkins, Dexter, 324 Florinda, 289–90 Floyd, George, 227 Franco, Francisco, 254 François-Poncet, André, 318 Frazier, Ian, 17 Frederick I of Barbarossa, 172–73 Frederick II, 183–84 Fromkin, David, 49–50, 135 Fuad I, 81 Fulcher of Chartres, 148, 152 Fulk III, 145 Fuller, Melville, 130

G Gabriel, archangel, 112–13 Gaddafi, Muammar, 265–66 Gandhi, Mahatma, 321f, 321–24, 323f, 326 Genghis Khan, 17, 185 George, Lloyd, 41–43, 47, 49, 64, 91–92, 128–29, 135, 344 Georges-Picot, François, 46 Gerbert of Aurillac, 11, 11f Gesta Francorum, 152 Ghafiqi (Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi), 169 Ghattas, Kim, 319 Ghaywan, Neeraj, 334 Girard, René, 148 Giscard, Valéry d’Estaing, 318 Godfrey of Bouillon, 151f Godse, Nathuram Vinayak, 321–22, 324, 326 Goldman, Sam, 227 Golwalkar, M.S., 322 Gomez, Michael A., 301 Goody, John Rankine, 339 Gordon (unknown slave), 288f Goren, Shlomo, 137 Grabar, Oleg, 119f Grant, Julia, 271 Grant, Ulysses S., 270–75, 271f Gregory IX, 183 Gregory VIII, 172 Greider, William, 172 Griffith, D.W., 188 Grypeou, Emmanouela, 118 Guha, Ramachandra, 326 Guinness, Alec, 100f Guinness, Walter Edward, 204 Gurion, David Ben, 68f Guy of Lusignan, 166–67, 175

H Hacker, J. David, 274 Haggard, Ted, 132, 141–42 Haley, Alex, 282 Halperin, Yisrael, 202–3 al-Hamawī, Yaqut, 75f Hambley, Mark, 317 Hamilton, Alexander, 269 Hammer, Joshua, 295–96 Hamwi, Ernest, 20 Hamza, 74 Handke, Peter, 349 Hannah-Jones, Nikole, 270 Hansard, Sydenham, 200 Hariri, Saad, 91 Harrison, Benjamin, 130 Harun al-Rashid, 13, 13f–14f Haselby, Sam, 267, 282 Hass, Grant, 141 Hatim al-Tai, 170 Hayes, Billy, 23 Helena (mother of Constantine), 110–11, 111f, 118f, 191 Helena Dragaš, 191 Henry, Patrick, 262 Henry II, 158, 173 Heraclius, Flavius, 114, 115f, 115–18, 163, 196, 229 Herzl, Theodor, 42f, 42–43, 135, 198, 350 Hevelius, Johannes, 7f Hirsch, Emil, 135 Hitler, Adolf, 173, 205–6, 211, 254, 261f, 322. See also Holocaust/Nazi ideology in subject heading Hitti, Philip, 150 Hodgson, William, 279 Hugh of , 151f Hugues de Payens, 187 Hulagu Khan, 17, 185 Hunyadi, John, 236–37 Husam al-Din Lu’lu, 165 Hussein, Saddam, 345 Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (Sharif of Mecca) about, 30, 33, 41, 265 betrayal of, by Abdulaziz, 69–70 betrayal of by Britain (See betrayals, Western in subject index) bribery and, 38 exile of, 79 vassalage program and, 66 (See also vassalage program in subject index)

I Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 54–58, 84 Ibn al-Haytham, 6, 7f, 16 , 16f, 293 Ibn Musaid, Faisal, 88–89, 89f Ibn Nusayr, 290 Ibn al-Qalanisi, 153 Ibn Qasim, 327 Ibn Rushd, 14, 15f Ibn Saud (Mohammad), 56–57 Ibn Sina, 8, 8f Iltutmish, 328 Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani, 166 Innocent III, 179, 182 Innocent X, 193 Irving, David, 348 , 24, 196, 267, 268f, 293, 343

J Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 201 Jackson, Susie, 249 Jacob (biblical figure), 198, 350 Jacob of Orléans, 173 Jacobson, Eddie, 205, 208 Jacoby, Oren, 132 Jacoby, Susan, 151 Jafri, Ehsan, 324 Jansen, Maison, 309 Jashodaben, 326 Jefferson, Thomas, 269, 271, 298–303, 300f, 302f, 332 Jeffress, Robert, 133 Jesus of Nazareth and Christianity, 285 (See also Christianity in subject index) Crucifixion of, 123 end times and, 137 Islam on, 113, 139 Judaism on, 114 life of, 109 second coming of, 125 Shiism and, 312 on Third Temple, 138 tomb of, 118f Jinnah, Muhammed Ali, 323 Joan (Richard of England's sister), 175–76 Jodha, 329 John of Brienne, 183 John the Baptist, 159–60 Johnson, Lyndon B., 222–23 Johnson, Steven, 6 Johnson, Sylvester A., 304 Jones, William, 272 Joseph ben Caiaphas, 110 Joshua (biblical figure), 195 Judah, Ben, 354 Judas Schariot, 123 Juhayman al-Otaybi, 315–16, 316f, 318–19 Julian, 289–91 Justinian I, 245

K Kahneman, Daniel, 97–99, 105 Kanwar, Roop, 332f, 332–33 Karadžić, Radovan, 243–44 Kelly, Richard, 103 Kennedy, D. James, 320 Kennedy, John F., 84, 84f Kennington, Eric, 35f, 38f Khadiji (Prophet Muhamad's wife), 74–75, 332 Khalid ibn al-Walid, 115, 115f, 160, 196, 291, 341 Khashoggi, Jamal, 59 Khomeini, Ruhollah Musavi, 310, 314f, 314–15 Kiernan, Ben, 257 King, Martin Luther, 96, 281 King, Steve, 3–4, 16, 20 Kissinger, Henry, 86 Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 32f, 32–33, 35, 39, 41, 127 Köckert, Julius, 14f Koenigshoffer, Yonah, 203 Koresh, David, 58–59 Kubik, Gerhard, 297 Kunta Knite, 282, 293 Kushner, Jared, 136, 136f, 212, 217f, 218–20, 221f, 345

L Lawrence, T.E. on Abdullah, 80 Hollywood role of, 35–37, 99f mapping of Palestine and, 32, 35, 39, 197 Sharif and, 71, 165 Lederer, Raymond, 103 Lee, Robert E., 274 Lenin, Vladimir, 60f Leonidas, 108, 108f, 191–92 Leper King, 162, 162f, 166 Levin, Bess, 219 Lévy, Bernard-Henri, 254 Lincoln, Abraham, 92, 264, 264f, 272f, 272–75, 291 Lindsey, Hal, 138 Lister, Joseph, 8 Louis IX, 184–86, 186f Louis VII, 158–60, 163 Lowenstein, Frank, 219–20 Lu’lu, Husam al-Din, 165 Luther, Martin, 122f, 122–23, 129 Luxembourg, Sigismund von, 234–35

M Macintyre, Ben, 295 Macron, Emmanuel, 54, 348, 354 Madden, Thomas F., 166 Maddison, Angus, 329f Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 91 Mahmud II, 78f Maimonides, 161 Malcolm X, 75f, 286, 287f Man, John, 161, 163, 165, 168, 168f Manning, Patrick, 303–4 Mansa Musa, 293–96, 295f Manuel II Palaiologos, 153 Maria De Padilla, 340 Mariam-uz-Zamani, 329 Mark (Evangelist), 110 Marshall, George, Jr., 206, 206f, 208–9 Martin, T.G., 204 Mary (Mother of Jesus), 109, 113, 139 Maza, Cristina, 133, 345 MBS (Mohammad bin Salam), 12, 77, 90–91 McCarthy, Justin, 198 McCullough, David, 131, 208 McGonagle, William L., 222–23 McKinley, William, 130 McMahon, Henry, 35 McNair, Denise, 355 McVeigh, Timothy, 60 Mehmed II (the Conqueror), 191–93, 192f, 236, 238–41, 245 Meir, Golda, 199 Miller, James, 140 Milošević, Slobodan, 243–44, 348 Mircea, 236 Mladić, Ratko, 243–44, 245f, 255 Modi, Jashodaben, 326 Modi, Narendra, 252–53, 255, 324–26, 330, 334 Modrussa, Niccolò, 237f Mohammad bin Salman (MBS), 12, 77, 90–91 Mohammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 293–96, 295f Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, 5, 5f, 16 Mohammad ibn Qasim al-Thaqafi, 327 Mohammad ibn Saud, 56–57 Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, 347 Montagu, Edwin, 49, 135 Moore, Johnnnie, 133 Moreau. See Omar ibn Said Morgan, J.P., 130 Morgan, Michael Hamilton, 5, 5f, 15, 169, 290 Morison, Samuel Eliot, 268 Morris, Benny, 207 Mosaddegh, Mohammad, 307f, 307–8, 313, 315 Moses, 32, 182 Muawiyah, 311–12 Mudd, Phil, 250 Muhammad (Prophet) Bilal and, 287–88 character of, 112 death of, 310 depictions of, 55–56, 140, 153, 349 descendants of, 30, 33, 34f, 76–77, 340 and destruction of historical places of, 73f, 73–79, 75f, 77f–78f, 164, 164f family of, 74, 301, 311–12, 332, 342 horses and, 170 as messenger of God, 112f, 112–14 mosque of, 73f, 76–77, 78f, 114 on prisoners, killing of, 116 sayings of (Hadith), 42, 191, 310 tomb of, 77, 78f, 164, 164f vilification of, 140 violence and, 116, 316 Mukherjee, Aditya, 325 al-Mukhtar, Omar al-, 259–63, 260f, 263f, 265–66, 269, 275 Murdoch, Rupert, 355 Musa I, 293–96, 295f Musa ibn Nusayr, 289–90 Mussolini, Benito, 254, 260, 261f, 322

N Nandy, Ashis, 253 , Louis, 273 Nassar, Gamal Abdel, 88 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 206, 321, 321f, 322, 325 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 136, 203–4, 214, 220, 221f, 252–53 Newby, Percy, 168 Nicholas of Cologne, 182 Nicholas of Russia, 28 Nicholson, Helen, 176 Nicolle, David, 115 Nirenberg, David, 151 Nixon, Richard, 86, 216

O Obama, Barack, 219 Odo of Aquitaine, 169 Offa of England, 12, 12f Oliver, Isaac, 26f Omar al-Mukhtar. See al-Mukhtar, Omar al- under Mukhtar Omar ibn Said, 279–80, 280f, 295, 305 Orbán, Viktor, 252–53 al-Otaybi, Juhayman, 315–16, 316f, 318–19 O'Toole, Peter, 99f Owen, James, 279

P Page, Blake, 132 Page, John, 299 Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza, 309f, 309–10 Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi, 206 Pappé, Ilan, 197, 210 Paul IV, 227 Paxton, Tom, 104 Pence, Mike, 133, 133f, 346 Pendergrast, Mark, 18–19 Perle, Richard, 346 Peter of Castile, 340 Philby, John Bridger, 68f, 68–69 Philip Augustus, 172, 174–76 Philip I of France, 147, 151f Phillips, Jonathan, 168f Pius II (pope), 239–40 Plato, 269 Pompeo, Mike, 132–33, 133f, 138–39, 345 Pontius Pilate, 110 Pradesh, Uttar, 326 Prince, Erik, 347 Princip, Gavrilo, 61, 61f Prouteau, Christian, 317f, 318, 349

R Radu the Handsome, 235–36, 240–41 Radulf, 158 Ralph de Diceto, 173 Rasis, 8, 10f Ratliff, Kate, 353–54 Raymond of Aguilers, 152 Raymond of Toulouse, 151f Raynald of Châtillon, 163–67, 164f Razia, 328 Rea, Steven, 108–9 Reagan, Ronald, 16, 16f, 131–32, 136, 293, 320 Reis, Kemal, 25f Rendell, George, 73 Rhazes, 8, 10f Richard of England, 173f, 173–79, 177f, 179f, 182 Rickman, Alan, 226 Robert of Reims, 147 Robertson, Carole, 355 Rockefeller, John D., 130 Roderic, 289f, 289–91, 292f Roof, Dylann, 249–50 Roosevelt, Theodore, 19 Rothschild, Walter, 43, 45–46, 49 Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini. See Khomeini, Ruhollah Musavi Rumsfeld, Donald, 345–46 S Saad Zaghloul. See Zaghloul, Saad Said, Edward, 45 Saif Al-Din, 177 Saladin, 162f battle and, 164–67, 175–78 character of, 161, 167, 176–78, 266 death of, 178 early years of, 159–60 Hollywood and, 263 in Jerusalem, 167–68 Jews and, 196, 343 leadership of, 160–62, 167–68, 168f tax, 174 Third Crusade and, 173, 175–78 Salah ad-Din. See Saladin Salazar, António de Oliveira, 254 Sale, George, 300, 300f Sandys, Frederick, 159f Santoro, Rodrigo, 108 Sassover, Yisrael, 203 Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 84 Scholarius, Gennadius, 193 Schwartz, Stephen, 68f Scott, Ridley, 162f Sebeos, 195 Semmerling, Tim Jon, 98 Shah, Amit, 325 Shah Jahan, 331f Shahanshah, 160 Shaheen, Jack G., 101, 353 Shamir, Yitzhak, 204 Sharma, Rahul, 325 Sibylla, 166–67 Sigismund (von Luxembourg), 234–35 Signol, Emile, 153 Silverstein, Jake, 270 Simmons, William J., 189 Singh, Maal, 332 Sizer, Stephen, 129, 137 Skyes, Christopher, 128 Snyder, Zack, 108 Socrates, 269 Soeimanim, Qasem, 348 Sophronius, 117–20, 167–68 Spellberg, Denise A., 300–301 Sphrantzes, George, 192 Spielberg, Steven, 97 Stalin, Joseph, 205–6 Stanton, Lucia, 302 Stephanie of Milly, 164–65, 167 Stoker, Bram, 247 Stone, Lucy, 334 Streicher, Julius, 123 Surma, Christine, 89, 89f Swanson, Mark N., 118 Sykes, Mark, 46, 70

T Tagore, Rabindranath, 331f Tamerlane, 28f, 60f Tarfa bint Abdullah, 84 Tariq ibn Ziyad, 288–93, 289f, 342 Tarrant, Brenton, 188 Taylor, Elizabeth, 101 Tempier, Étienne, 14 Tharoor, Shashi, 82 Thomas (apostle), 327 Thomas, David, 118 Thompson, Frank, 103 Thucydides, 16f Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 295 Truman, Harry, 131, 141, 205–10 Trump, Donald. See also Kushner, Jared 2020 Peace Plan, 217f, 220, 221f American evangelism connection, 345 election of, 355 and Israel, 134, 216, 218–19 Kurdish promise and, 50 populism and, 254 Saudi Arabia relationship and, 12 as a savior, 133–34, 138–39, 345 white supremacy and, 249–50, 252, 255 Zionism and, 133–34, 212, 347 Trump, Donald Jr., 348 Trump, Eric, 345 Turing, Alan, 6 Tyndale, William, 124

U Umar ibn al-Khattab, 117–20, 138, 167, 196, 269, 310, 341–42 Urban II, 146–50, 149f, 157, 172, 193, 346 Uthman ibn Affan, 31, 59–60, 60f, 269, 310, 341–42

V Vahan, 115 Varshney, Ashutosh, 325 Viner, Katharine, 226 Vlad II/Dracul, 234f, 234–36 Vlad III/Dracula. See Dracula/Vlad III (also Vlad Țepeș) , 140f Votel, Joseph, 50

W al-Wahhab, 54–58, 84 Washington, George, 170, 269, 274, 301 Wasserman, James, 146f, 169 Weinberg, Melvin, 102, 104 Weizmann, Chaim, 43, 43f, 45–46, 49, 135, 199, 208–10 Wells, H.G., 200 Wesley, Cynthia, 355 William of Tyre, 163 Williams, Harrison "Pete," 103, 103f Wilson, Douglas, 302 Wilson, Woodrow, 189 Wingate, Reginald, 33 Witherspoon, John, 270 Wolfowitz, Paul, 346

X Xerxes, 108, 108f, 138 Y Yamani, Ahmed Zaki, 88 Yazid, 311–12 Yolande of Brienne, 183 Yom Tov of Joigny, 174 Young, Neil, 134 Yusuf. See Saladin

Z Zaghloul, Saad, 81 Zaida, 340 Zarfati, Isaac, 23–24