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Vıedición · 6Th Edition Premio S Fundación Fronteras Del C Premios Fundación Fronteras del Conocimiento · Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards VI edición · 6th edition 1 Francisco González Presidente President Fundación BBVA BBVA Foundation Los Premios Fundación BBVA Fronteras del Conocimiento The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards are cumplen este año su sexta edición. Aunque son unos pre- now into their sixth edition. Although this makes them mios jóvenes en el panorama internacional, tenemos la relative newcomers to the international scene, we have enorme satisfacción de comprobar cómo desde su arran- had the great satisfaction to observe that, from the out- que mismo se han convertido en una referencia sólida en set, they have become a firm referent in the areas they los ámbitos que abarcan. El indicador más expresivo de address. The most telling indicator of the excellence of the la excelencia de los galardones lo constituye, sin duda, scheme is, without doubt, the extraordinary stature of the el extraordinario perfil de quienes han sido receptores de awardees to date: fifty-seven laureates drawn from a wide los premios: cincuenta y siete laureados procedentes de range of countries and institutions. The qualities and life un amplio abanico de países e instituciones. Los atributos paths of the individuals and organizations profiled in these y trayectorias vitales de quienes figuran en las páginas pages stand as a representative sample of the passion que siguen son una muestra representativa de la pasión to understand, innovate, and deploy the best available por conocer, innovar y trasladar el mejor conocimiento al knowledge to confront the great challenges of our times. abordaje de retos centrales de nuestra época. We are sometimes asked what motives led the Foundation A veces nos preguntan cuál fue la motivación para crear of an international financial services leader like BBVA to los Premios Fronteras desde la Fundación de un grupo líder establish the Frontiers Awards. The main reason has been internacional de servicios financieros como BBVA. La razón none other than the profound conviction — and mark principal no ha sido otra que el convencimiento profundo of BBVA’s culture and orientation — that incremental or —elemento esencial y distintivo de la cultura y orientación radical innovations and new technological paradigms, to de BBVA— de que las innovaciones tanto incrementales borrow the elegant taxonomy of Christopher Freeman, are como radicales y los cambios de paradigmas tecnológicos, absolutely decisive in order to expand individual opportu- por emplear la elegante tipología de Christopher Freeman, nities and widen the frontiers of our collective choices. And constituyen el factor decisivo para ampliar las oportunida- innovations, including those of an incremental nature, rely des individuales y la frontera de posibilidades colectivas. Y more than ever on the knowledge acquired in the course las innovaciones, incluso las de tipo incremental, descan- of scientific research. san hoy en el conocimiento logrado con el concurso de la The road that runs from discovery or basic theoretical investigación científica. advance to innovation is a fairly tortuous one, as the best La ruta que conecta el descubrimiento o avance teórico literature has shown. There is no algorithm that ensures básico con la innovación es, como ha mostrado la mejor the transition from new knowledge to its successful ap- literatura, bastante tortuosa. No hay un algoritmo que plication in fulfilling social expectations and demands. garantice el paso del nuevo conocimiento a su proyección Discovery itself is partly the result of serendipity, intuition, exitosa en la satisfacción de expectativas y demandas aesthetic criteria (the search for simpler and formally el- sociales. En el propio descubrimiento opera la serendipity, egant models and explanations), and the cross-fertilization la intuición, los criterios estéticos (la búsqueda de explica- of seemingly disparate ideas, problems and solutions. But ciones y modelos más sencillos y formalmente elegantes), all these factors, which introduce uncertainty or unpredict- la fertilización cruzada entre áreas, problemas y soluciones ability, arise within the frame of a distributed, cooperative prima facie alejadas entre sí. Pero todos esos factores, que enterprise whose aggregate product is a monumental introducen incertidumbre o imprevisibilidad, ocurren en theoretical construct comprising the advances of earlier el marco de una actividad distribuida y cooperativa, cuyo generations. This huge stock of “public knowledge” pro- resultado agregado es una monumental construcción ceeds from a combination of individual talent and collec- teórica que alberga los avances llevados a cabo por ge- tive effort, for as Isaac Newton vividly observed: “If I have neraciones anteriores. Ese ingente stock de conocimiento seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” público resulta de la combinación de talento individual y It is for this reason that, in the person of the recipients of de empeño cooperativo o, como lo expresara vívidamente the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards, we pay tribute tonight Isaac Newton: «If I have seen further it is by standing on to the whole community of scientists and cultural practi- the shoulders of giants». A través de las personalidades tioners without whose work the most significant advances 7 que han obtenido el Premio Fronteras del Conocimiento, would never see the light of day. queremos rendir homenaje a la entera comunidad cientí- The architecture of the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards fica y los creadores culturales, sin cuyo trabajo los avances bears the stamp of the period running from the last de- más significativos no podrían ver la luz. cades of the 20th century to the present day. They take in La arquitectura de los Premios Fronteras del Conocimiento basic knowledge and technology, individual disciplines and lleva las señas de identidad de la última parte del siglo xx the interaction between them, the exploration of nature y del presente. Acogen el conocimiento básico junto a la and of concerns central to society and artistic creation, the tecnología, disciplinas individuales y la interacción entre latter represented by one of its most innovative parcels: ellas, el conocimiento de la naturaleza y el de algunos the music of our time. They also address two issues of ámbitos centrales de la sociedad y la creación cultural, immense relevance in the 21st century: the environment, representada esta última por una de las áreas más in- represented by the two categories of Climate Change novadoras: la música de nuestro tiempo. Atienden tam- and Ecology and Conservation Biology; and development bién a dos cuestiones esenciales en el siglo xxi: el medio cooperation, pursuing improvements in areas ranging ambiente —representado además por dos categorías, la from health to education across large parts of our planet. de Cambio Climático y Ecología y Biología de la Conser- Awards are open to individuals, groups and organizations, vación— y la cooperación al desarrollo en amplias zonas to contributions made independently and others arrived del planeta, abarcando desde la salud a la educación. Son at through diverse forms of collaborative working. The premios abiertos tanto a individuos, como a equipos y a deciding factor for a Frontiers of Knowledge Award — as organizaciones; a contribuciones alcanzadas de manera documented in each of the cases in these pages — is to independiente y a otras logradas mediante formulas diver- have achieved particularly significant advances that enable sas de colaboración. Lo decisivo para ser reconocido con us to see and act in the world with more “resolving power” el Premio Fronteras del Conocimiento —como documenta than the day before. cada uno de los casos recogidos en estas páginas— es ha- Separating the merits of the numerous nominations re- ber llevado a cabo avances particularmente significativos ceived is a far from easy task. One that is commended to que nos permiten ver el mundo y actuar en él de manera the laureates’ own “peers”, distinguished researchers and nueva y con mucho más poder de resolución que en un creators who appraise candidates independently employ- pasado reciente. ing the most rigorous assessment standards. To them Apreciar los méritos de las numerosas nominaciones re- and the National Research Council (CSIC), Spain’s largest cibidas no es tarea sencilla. Es una misión encomendada public research institution and our strategic partner in a pares de los premiados, a destacados investigadores the Frontiers Awards, I wish to convey our most heartfelt y creadores que operan de manera independiente, aco- gratitude. And to the awardees, their families and institu- giéndose a las mejores reglas de evaluación del mérito. A tions, our admiration and appreciation. Their example is a ellos y al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas daily stimulus to venture that bit further, and a powerful (CSIC), la principal organización pública en España dedi- encouragement to innovate and find better solutions that cada a la investigación en las principales áreas y nuestro serve the general welfare of society. colaborador estratégico en los Premios Fronteras, quiero dejar constancia de nuestra profunda gratitud. Y a los premiados, sus familias e instituciones, nuestra felicita- ción y reconocimiento. Son un poderoso estímulo para atrevernos a ir más allá, día a día; ejemplo y motivo para innovar y ofrecer mejores soluciones a las expectativas de la entera sociedad. Emilio Lora-Tamayo
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