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PGI Interim Report 2009 – 2012 PGI Interim Report 2009 – 2012 Peter Grünberg Institute Member of the Helmholtz Association Member of the Imprint Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) Interim Report 2009 – 2012 Published by: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich, Germany Editors: Prof. Dr. Claus M. Schneider, Managing Director PGI Dr. Wolfgang Speier, JARA-FIT Prof. Dr. Rainer Waser, Programme Spokesman FIT Technical Editing: Dr. L. Baumgarten S. Schilling Dr. W. Speier A. Wenzik Printed by: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Grafische Medien September 2012 Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) Research for the Fundamentals of Future Information Technology Interim Report 2009-2012 Contents I. Peter Grünberg Institute: Research for the Fundamentals of Future Information Technology.................................................................................... 1 II. The Helmholtz Research Programme FIT ............................................................................ 3 III. The Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance JARA-FIT............................................................... 9 IV. Divisions ......................................................................................................11 PGI-1/IAS-1: Quantum Theory of Materials..................................................................... 13 Scientific Staff......................................................................................14 Research Highlights ............................................................................15 Selected Publications ..........................................................................31 Indicators .............................................................................................32 PGI-2/IAS-3: Theoretical Nanoelectronics ...................................................................... 35 Scientific Staff......................................................................................36 Research Highlights ............................................................................37 Selected Publications ..........................................................................47 Indicators .............................................................................................48 PGI-3: Functional Nanostructures at Surfaces .............................................................. 49 Scientific Staff......................................................................................50 Research Highlights ............................................................................51 Selected Publications ..........................................................................65 Indicators .............................................................................................66 PGI-4/JCNS-2: Scattering Methods................................................................................... 67 Scientific Staff......................................................................................68 Research Highlights ............................................................................69 Selected Publications ..........................................................................83 Indicators .............................................................................................84 PGI-5: Microstructure Research ....................................................................................... 85 Scientific Staff......................................................................................86 Research Highlights ............................................................................87 Selected Publications ........................................................................101 Indicators ...........................................................................................102 PGI-6: Electronic Properties........................................................................................... 103 Scientific Staff....................................................................................104 Research Highlights ..........................................................................105 Selected Publications ........................................................................119 Indicators ...........................................................................................120 PGI-7: Electronic Materials.............................................................................................. 121 Scientific Staff....................................................................................122 Research Highlights ..........................................................................123 Selected Publications ........................................................................137 Indicators ...........................................................................................138 PGI-8/ICS-8: Bioelectronics ............................................................................................. 139 Scientific Staff ....................................................................................140 Research Highlights...........................................................................141 Selected Publications ........................................................................159 Indicators ...........................................................................................160 PGI-9: Semiconductor Nanoelectronics........................................................................ 161 Scientific Staff ....................................................................................162 Research Highlights...........................................................................163 Selected Publications ........................................................................177 Indicators ...........................................................................................178 V. Major Facilities and Scientific-Technical Infrastructure .............................................. 179 Helmholtz Nanoelectronic Facility (HNF) ....................................................................... 181 Ernst Ruska-Centre (ER-C).............................................................................................. 183 Research Highlights...........................................................................185 Selected Literature.............................................................................189 Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) .................................................................... 191 List of instruments..............................................................................192 Research Highlights...........................................................................193 Selected Literature.............................................................................197 Jülich Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (JSRL)......................................................... 199 Research Highlights...........................................................................201 Selected Literature.............................................................................205 Scientific Infrastructure of the PGI ................................................................................. 207 Introduction PGI Introduction I. Peter Grünberg Institute: Research for the Fundamentals of Future Information Technology The Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) was established in 2011 as a merger of the Institute of Solid State Research (IFF) and the Institute for Bio- and Nanosystems (IBN) which have been dealing with electronic phenomena, materials, and devices. Named after Peter Grünberg, the first Nobel laureate in the Forschungszentrum Jülich, the institute dedicates itself to fundamental research in the field of information technology and related areas. The main focus is on the exploration of novel physical concepts and new materials with a future emphasis on energy efficiency – „Green IT“. The research activities bridge from contemporary semiconductor nanoelectronics via spintronics to bioelectronics and quantum information processing. The PGI also not only features a broad basis of state-of-the-art condensed matter theory, but also an experimental platform for the development of highly specialized instruments, procedures and innovative material systems for nanoelectronics. This unique combination permits the PGI to develop new ideas also in application-oriented directions. The scientific challenges are pursued along three main axes: (i) exploring novel electronic phenomena in condensed matter physics, (ii) investigating specific aspects of material science in complex electronic systems and devices, (iii) development of new theoretical and experimental concepts, methods and strategies. Quantum mechanics forms the fundamental framework of the main research activities in the PGI. On a microscopic scale it determines the interactions of electrons and atomic building blocks, and their response to external stimuli on a broad range of time and length scales. Particular strengths of the PGI lie in the theory of electronic structures and processes, phenomena and materials for nano-, molecular, bio- and spinelectronics, and electron microscopy and spectroscopy. This is paired with a long-standing expertise in the development of instruments at synchrotron radiation and neutron sources for detailed investigations of complex material systems. Major topics of the PGI research are the electronic properties of solid state structures ranging from crystals down
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